28:
40:
461:
20:
453:
178:
Used with early monochrome TV systems, this chart was useful in measuring image resolution, determined by inspection of the image as displayed on a CRT. On such systems an important measure is the limiting horizontal resolution, affected by hardware and transmission quality (vertical resolution is
479:
was used. It had five diagonal bars on the top left of the centre white circle and different resolution wedges reminiscent of the RMA 1946 Resolution Chart. It was also available as individual rolls of
427:
1520:
933:
Yang, D.X.D.; Gamal, A.E.; Fowler, B.; Tian, H. (December 1999). "A 640/spl times/512 CMOS image sensor with ultrawide dynamic range floating-point pixel-level ADC".
544:
1683:
401:
patterns, is commonly used to test consumer and professional standalone, smartphone and tablet cameras for photo and videography and other imaging equipment like
1599:
27:
1989:
1071:
748:
1446:
2060:
1321:
284:
1357:
Lamminen, H; Ruohonen, K; Uusitalo, H (May 2001). "Visual tests for measuring the picture quality of teleconsultations for medical purposes".
1282:
1094:
1737:
376:
2098:
878:"High-performance imaging with an advanced non-imaging lens based on full-path optical diffraction calculation in two-dimensional space"
420:
2169:
1618:
684:
722:
533:
348:
635:
608:
1339:
101:
Today, this chart continues to be used to measure image resolution of modern cameras and lenses and also in scientific research.
1852:
1046:
995:
98:
uniformity and lack of image resolution. If needed, a technician could use it to perform the necessary hardware adjustments.
417:
Some variations of the EIA resolution test chart exist. Two
Japanese variants of the EIA 1956 resolution chart are called "
142:
and transfer characteristics, they allow for contrast and brightness adjustments (at least 6 to 8 steps should be visible)
978:
Simova, Eli; Rochefort, Paul A. (2015). "Ionizing
Radiation Effects in Non-Radiation-Tolerant Commercial Video Cameras".
1687:
876:
Liu, Yingli; Dai, Yijie; Shen, Fanqi; Yang, Lin; Ding, Zhanghao; Zheng, Zhenrong; Wu, Rengmao; Xu, Liu (28 March 2022).
217:
1580:
1161:
665:
1056:
732:
645:
618:
537:
245:
126:, a measurement of image resolution on analogue TV systems, allowing adjustment of horizontal linearity and geometry.
1730:
406:
2199:
2174:
2149:
1923:
1072:
https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/en/2021/07/television-test-card-distant-memory-of-the-nightly-broadcast-shutdown/
2225:
1941:
529:
205:
53:
762:
2032:
815:
525:
2139:
1908:
1864:
1860:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1654:
320:
201:
44:
1228:
116:: Allows for image geometry adjustments (image should be centered with the circles being perfectly round).
1723:
154:: The gradually expanding lines near the center, labeled with periodic indications of the corresponding
1340:"TV Noordzee testbeeld, handige knutselaar ontvangt testbeeld via betonwijzer | Nationaal Archief"
794:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1454:
1391:
344:
269:
1325:
637:
Sensors, Cameras, and
Applications for Digital Photography: 27-28 January 1999, San Jose, California
1961:
1823:
1760:
1286:
1098:
947:
582:
521:
368:
233:
1427:
1780:
1495:
1082:
384:
332:
1707:
1476:
1403:
1264:
1886:
1833:
1562:
942:
505:
501:
432:". A widescreen update of the EIA 1956 resolution chart was developed around the 1980s for the
364:
352:
1636:
1435:. JEITA：Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association. 2018. p. 4.
1246:
1024:
324:
779:
437:
2184:
2004:
1671:
1544:
889:
543:
The centre portion of the
Telefunken T05 test card was depicted on the obverse side of the
497:
39:
1136:
8:
2220:
2189:
1770:
493:
249:
87:
893:
1001:
960:
915:
742:
307:
in the United States (525-lines variant; WUAB-TV's version later partially overlaid on
288:
82:
to test broadcasting equipment. Inspecting the chart allowed to check for defects like
43:
Off-air photo of RMA 1946 Resolution Chart being broadcast by Dutch public broadcaster
1370:
1193:
2159:
1984:
1946:
1933:
1374:
1052:
991:
919:
907:
837:
728:
641:
614:
513:
509:
489:
356:
316:
209:
155:
1005:
964:
2042:
1971:
1813:
1619:"Testcards, Jugoslovenska Radiotelevizija - Radio Televizija Zagreb (JRT/RTZ) 1974"
1366:
983:
952:
897:
572:
328:
308:
221:
123:
95:
83:
460:
2194:
2144:
2022:
1956:
1913:
1818:
1028:
555:
The centre portion of the RMA 1946 Resolution Chart was featured on the cover of
360:
244:, Wisconsin (525-lines variant) and on low-powered experimental transmissions by
1484:. ITE：Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers. 2022. p. 19.
2055:
2017:
1979:
1894:
577:
560:
31:
Off-air photo of EIA 1956 test card being broadcast by offshore pirate station
1300:
1207:
987:
339:(525-lines variant, sometimes also with the centre portion overlaid on top of
109:
The chart is composed of several features, each designed for a specific test:
78:
to be displayed on a TV screen, and was also available as individual rolls of
16:
Test card designed in 1956 to be used with black and white analogue TV systems
2214:
2083:
1951:
1918:
1545:"Television & Video: Test Cards & Signals - Telefunken, Jerome Glick"
1179:
1021:
Miniature and Mass-Producible
Fluorescence Microscopes for Biomedical Imaging
180:
858:
229:
19:
2088:
1994:
1788:
1765:
1378:
911:
336:
280:
1283:"Non-UK Television Test Cards, Tuning Signals, Clocks and Idents - Poland"
1095:"Non-UK Television Test Cards, Tuning Signals, Clocks and Idents - Norway"
2179:
2093:
2074:
2027:
2012:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1856:
1793:
834:
VNIIEF NMPC and A Maintenance
Management Conference -- video surveillance
556:
517:
391:
272:
91:
67:
397:
This chart, in conjunction with the RMA 1946 Resolution Chart and later
2070:
474:
402:
398:
387:
340:
32:
1715:
902:
877:
1804:
956:
841:
587:
481:
241:
79:
75:
63:
836:. VNIIEF NMC&A maintenance management conference. Richland, WA.
468:"Starenkasten" 1952 TV set, displaying the Telefunken T05 test card.
2114:
2050:
703:
165:
1392:
https://cctvbuyersguide.com/2019/01/a-history-of-cctv-test-charts/
686:
QA-70-1 Video
Resolution Pattern (EIA-1956) Product Specifications
1755:
1322:"Non-UK Television Test Cards, Tuning Signals, Clocks and Idents"
1112:
465:
300:
292:
276:
237:
433:
265:
1083:
https://www.wisn.com/article/wisn-12-history-in-photos/6274357
2164:
2154:
2132:
2127:
2122:
1881:
1708:
https://www.discogs.com/release/3888258-Die-Kreuzen-Pink-Flag
452:
380:
372:
139:
536:
in Turkey, and in early-1950s trial television tests by the
66:
originally designed in 1956 to be used with black and white
795:"Stage Micrometers, Microscopy Calibration Standards, 2008"
485:
312:
304:
296:
213:
184:
174:: Going from 200 to 800, they correspond to TV Lines (TVL).
74:. It consisted of a printed chart filmed by a TV camera or
1447:"Television Test Cards, Tuning Signals, Clocks and Idents"
780:
https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/204749763743?chn=ps&_ul=GB
261:
225:
179:
fixed and determined by the video standard used, usually
1672:
https://tvark.org/features/testcards/other-4x3-testcards
1356:
1149:
132:: A grating, allowing adjustment of vertical linearity.
438:
Institute of Image
Information and Television Engineers
436:
broadcasting standard, which was later modified by the
520:
in India, some commercial TV stations in
Australia,
232:
in
Venezuela (525-lines variant; in conjunction with
1581:"Reception DX TV Allemagne Rhenanie du Nord Westpha"
442:
ITE Resolution Chart for High-definition Televisions
148:: Allow to test cathode-ray beam sharpness and focus
1597:
1166:
monkeyview - Here are the albums of Invisible Texan
932:
816:"EIA-1956 Resolution Video Test Chart QA-70 – 登華資訊"
359:(where it replaced a modified version of the 1950s
472:In continental Europe, another variation known as
70:systems, based on the previous (and very similar)
260:The EIA 1956 resolution chart was transmitted by
200:The RMA 1946 Resolution Chart was transmitted by
2212:
1162:"KVVV-TV, Channel 16 Ruins - Test Pattern Image"
980:2015 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)
704:"GJ's Home Page- Resolution test chart RMA 1946"
563:of Pink Flag/Land of Treason, released in 1990.
508:in northern Germany, Yugoslav Radio Television,
1209:WUAB Ch. 43 Cleveland - Test Pattern from 1976!
977:
287:in the Dominican Republic (525-lines variant),
875:
1731:
1301:"Europesche-testbeelden, Radio Bulletin 1972"
1359:Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
747:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
634:Sampat, Nitin; Yeh, Thomas (April 3, 1999).
255:
195:
2099:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
1738:
1724:
1518:
946:
901:
633:
545:50 Years of Television commemorative coin
104:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1316:
1314:
1040:
1038:
827:
825:
459:
451:
38:
26:
18:
1745:
853:
851:
789:
787:
659:
657:
610:Selected Papers on CCD and CMOS Imagers
2213:
831:
456:Recreation of Telefunken Test Card T05
1719:
1532:
1311:
1139:. January 6, 2016 – via Flickr.
1044:
1035:
1018:
822:
663:
550:
158:, allow checking of image resolution.
122:: A grating with a resolution of 200
935:IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
848:
784:
654:
606:
268:(in conjunction with the monochrome
1563:"Reception DX TV Allemagne Baviere"
1519:Hamer, Keith; Smith, Garry (2018).
1137:"EIA Resolution Chart 1956 CKCK- V"
547:minted on 9 March 2005 in Austria.
13:
1324:. January 12, 2016. Archived from
1285:. January 12, 2016. Archived from
1180:"Celebrating 50 years of WVIZ/PBS"
1097:. January 12, 2016. Archived from
492:(from the 1950s up to the 1970s),
447:
14:
2237:
538:KTH Royal Institute of Technology
488:. As a test card, it was used on
246:Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium
859:"Video Resolution Test Patterns"
720:
23:EIA 1956 video resolution target
2200:1951 USAF resolution test chart
1701:
1686:. Austrian Mint. Archived from
1676:
1665:
1647:
1629:
1611:
1591:
1573:
1555:
1512:
1488:
1469:
1439:
1420:
1396:
1385:
1350:
1332:
1293:
1275:
1257:
1239:
1221:
1200:
1186:
1172:
1154:
1143:
1129:
1105:
1087:
1076:
1065:
1012:
971:
926:
869:
808:
607:Kang, Moon Gi (April 3, 2003).
1598:SWALUW; VAN DER WOERD (1962).
1528:. HS PUBLICATIONS. p. 18.
1522:TV DX-ING FM DX-ING TEST CARDS
1051:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
773:
763:"Resolution Measured TV Lines"
755:
714:
696:
677:
627:
600:
530:Israeli Educational Television
283:, Canada (525-lines variant),
1:
1371:10.1016/S0169-2607(00)00120-6
593:
526:Israel Broadcasting Authority
412:
2170:"The North Wind and the Sun"
1045:Dhake, A. M. (May 1, 1999).
390:station broadcasting to the
7:
1952:Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
1601:INLEIDING TOT DE TV SERVICE
1451:www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk
1019:Ghosh, Kunal Kumar (2010).
767:Causeway Security Solutions
727:. Khanna Publishing House.
667:Standards for Visual Acuity
566:
60:RETMA Resolution Chart 1956
10:
2242:
2150:functions for optimization
1909:Snell & Wilcox SW2/SW4
1684:"50 Years Television coin"
1655:"Reception DX TV Belgique"
1637:"Reception DX TV Autriche"
1247:"Reception DX TV Pays Bas"
1229:"Reception DX TV Belgique"
1113:"Tidslinje for fjernsynet"
832:Malone, T. (August 1997).
721:Bali, S. P. Bali, Rajeev.
383:. It was also used by the
2107:
2069:
2041:
2003:
1970:
1932:
1829:EIA 1956 resolution chart
1802:
1779:
1751:
1265:"Reception DX TV Pologne"
1061:– via Google Books.
988:10.1109/REDW.2015.7336719
737:– via Google Books.
650:– via Google Books.
623:– via Google Books.
510:Österreichischer Rundfunk
345:Yugoslav Radio Television
256:EIA 1956 resolution chart
196:RMA 1946 Resolution Chart
72:RMA 1946 Resolution Chart
1962:Just another Perl hacker
1824:Indian-head test pattern
1761:Reference implementation
1623:testcards.retropia.co.uk
1500:www.image-engineering.de
1408:www.image-engineering.de
1048:TV and Video Engineering
583:Indian-head test pattern
234:Indian-head test pattern
190:
1942:"Hello, World!" program
1781:Artificial intelligence
1607:. Philips. p. 162.
1344:www.nationaalarchief.nl
341:Multiburst test pattern
333:American Forces Network
130:Horizontal stripe boxes
2180:SMPTE universal leader
1887:Philips circle pattern
540:in Stockholm, Sweden.
484:, particularly in the
469:
457:
419:ITE Resolution Chart /
367:"diamond" test card),
365:Associated-Rediffusion
353:Rediffusion Television
248:in Eindhoven (NL) and
124:Television Lines (TVL)
105:Features and operation
48:
36:
24:
2226:Broadcast engineering
1150:https://sam.rmpbs.org
463:
455:
323:in the Netherlands,
120:Vertical stripe boxes
88:geometric distortions
56:1956 Resolution Chart
42:
30:
22:
2185:EURion constellation
2005:3D computer graphics
1690:on 24 September 2010
692:. Applied Image Inc.
664:Evans, John (2006).
498:Bayerischer Rundfunk
204:in the Netherlands,
1771:Standard test image
1746:Standard test items
894:2022OExpr..3011014L
863:www.bealecorner.com
724:Audio Video Systems
494:Hessischer Rundfunk
250:Istanbul University
58:(until 1975 called
1934:Computer languages
1196:. 19 October 2010.
888:(7): 11014–11025.
551:In popular culture
470:
458:
146:Concentric circles
114:Large white circle
49:
47:, 7 September 1961
37:
25:
2208:
2207:
2160:Harvard sentences
1985:Canterbury corpus
997:978-1-4673-7641-9
941:(12): 1821–1834.
903:10.1364/OE.449685
357:British Hong Kong
156:spatial frequency
152:Resolution wedges
2233:
2043:Machine learning
1972:Data compression
1814:SMPTE color bars
1740:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1453:. Archived from
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1429:JEITA Test Chart
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1182:. 27 March 2015.
1176:
1170:
1169:
1158:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1016:
1010:
1009:
982:. pp. 1–6.
975:
969:
968:
957:10.1109/4.808907
950:
930:
924:
923:
905:
873:
867:
866:
855:
846:
845:
829:
820:
819:
812:
806:
805:
799:
791:
782:
777:
771:
770:
759:
753:
752:
746:
738:
718:
712:
711:
700:
694:
693:
691:
681:
675:
674:
673:. KT Consulting.
672:
661:
652:
651:
631:
625:
624:
604:
573:Television lines
440:of Japan as its
325:Magyar Televízió
309:SMPTE color bars
208:in Switzerland,
96:cathode-ray tube
35:, 12 August 1964
2241:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2195:Webdriver Torso
2145:EICAR test file
2103:
2065:
2037:
2023:Stanford dragon
1999:
1966:
1957:Man or boy test
1928:
1914:Telefunken FuBK
1819:EBU colour bars
1798:
1775:
1747:
1744:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1666:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1549:jeromeglick.net
1543:
1542:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1457:on 4 March 2016
1445:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1386:
1355:
1351:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1043:
1036:
1017:
1013:
998:
976:
972:
931:
927:
874:
870:
857:
856:
849:
830:
823:
814:
813:
809:
797:
793:
792:
785:
778:
774:
761:
760:
756:
740:
739:
735:
719:
715:
702:
701:
697:
689:
683:
682:
678:
670:
662:
655:
648:
632:
628:
621:
605:
601:
596:
569:
553:
450:
448:Telefunken T 05
415:
258:
198:
193:
136:Grayscale steps
107:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2239:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2056:MNIST database
2053:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Stanford bunny
2015:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1995:enwik8, enwik9
1992:
1990:Silesia corpus
1987:
1982:
1980:Calgary corpus
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1884:
1879:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1675:
1664:
1646:
1628:
1610:
1590:
1572:
1554:
1531:
1511:
1487:
1468:
1438:
1419:
1395:
1384:
1349:
1331:
1328:on 2016-01-12.
1310:
1292:
1289:on 2016-01-12.
1274:
1256:
1238:
1220:
1199:
1194:"Test pattern"
1185:
1171:
1153:
1142:
1128:
1104:
1101:on 2016-01-12.
1086:
1075:
1064:
1057:
1034:
1011:
996:
970:
948:10.1.1.75.7179
925:
882:Optics Express
868:
847:
821:
807:
802:dataoptics.com
783:
772:
754:
733:
713:
695:
676:
653:
646:
626:
619:
613:. SPIE Press.
598:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
578:Philips PM5540
575:
568:
565:
552:
549:
486:DACH countries
449:
446:
414:
411:
394:in the 1960s.
349:SFR Yugoslavia
347:in the former
257:
254:
228:in Hong Kong,
197:
194:
192:
189:
176:
175:
169:
159:
149:
143:
133:
127:
117:
106:
103:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2238:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:"Tom's Diner"
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:"Bad Apple!!"
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Etaoin shrdlu
2082:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
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2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:TVE test card
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:BBC Test Card
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1795:
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1787:
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1784:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1709:
1704:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1478:ITE Test Card
1472:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:(2): 95–110.
1364:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1296:
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1284:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1132:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1058:9780074601051
1054:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
944:
940:
936:
929:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
864:
860:
854:
852:
843:
839:
835:
828:
826:
817:
811:
803:
796:
790:
788:
781:
776:
768:
764:
758:
750:
744:
736:
734:9788187522058
730:
726:
725:
717:
709:
705:
699:
688:
687:
680:
669:
668:
660:
658:
649:
647:9780819431219
643:
639:
638:
630:
622:
620:9780819451149
616:
612:
611:
603:
599:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
564:
562:
558:
548:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
477:Test Card T05
476:
467:
462:
454:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Test Chart II
429:
424:
422:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:in Hungary,
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:in Portugal,
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
188:
186:
182:
173:
170:
167:
163:
162:Border arrows
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:: Evaluating
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
110:
102:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
55:
46:
41:
34:
29:
21:
2089:Hamburgevons
1828:
1803:Television (
1789:Chinese room
1766:Sanity check
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:the original
1678:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1600:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1521:
1514:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:
1490:
1477:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1455:the original
1450:
1441:
1428:
1422:
1411:. Retrieved
1407:
1398:
1387:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1326:the original
1304:
1295:
1287:the original
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1213:, retrieved
1208:
1202:
1188:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1145:
1131:
1120:. Retrieved
1116:
1107:
1099:the original
1089:
1078:
1067:
1047:
1020:
1014:
979:
973:
938:
934:
928:
885:
881:
871:
862:
833:
810:
801:
775:
766:
757:
723:
716:
707:
698:
685:
679:
666:
636:
629:
609:
602:
554:
542:
516:in Belgium,
512:in Austria,
473:
471:
441:
426:
423:Test Chart A
418:
416:
407:CCTV cameras
396:
337:West Germany
319:in Belgium,
281:Saskatchewan
259:
216:in Belgium,
199:
177:
171:
168:adjustments.
164:: Allow for
161:
151:
145:
135:
129:
119:
113:
108:
100:
71:
59:
52:
50:
2094:Lorem ipsum
2075:filler text
2028:Utah teapot
2013:Cornell box
1794:Turing test
1117:www.eace.no
708:home.kpn.nl
557:Die Kreuzen
532:in Israel,
518:Doordarshan
403:microscopes
392:Netherlands
388:TV Noordzee
331:in Poland,
273:Test Card G
252:in Turkey.
224:in Poland,
202:NTS and NOS
94:linearity,
92:raster scan
68:analogue TV
33:TV Noordzee
2221:Test cards
2215:Categories
2071:Typography
1694:2008-07-07
1505:2023-01-14
1413:2023-01-14
1215:2023-01-14
1122:2023-01-14
1029:2442179265
1023:(Thesis).
594:References
524:in Spain,
475:Telefunken
413:Variations
399:widescreen
363:-designed
230:Venevisión
2190:Shakedown
1805:test card
1461:10 August
1305:fmtvdx.eu
943:CiteSeerX
920:247388943
743:cite book
588:Test card
482:test film
242:Milwaukee
185:625 lines
181:525 lines
80:test film
76:monoscope
64:test card
2115:3DBenchy
2051:ImageNet
1379:11275330
1025:ProQuest
1006:18380237
965:35539716
912:35473054
640:. SPIE.
567:See also
166:overscan
1903:PM 5644
1899:PM 5544
1895:PM 5540
1891:PM 5538
1756:Pangram
1496:"TE128"
1404:"TE095"
890:Bibcode
466:Philips
425:" and "
361:Marconi
305:WUAB-TV
301:WHYY-TV
297:WVIZ-TV
293:KVVV-TV
289:KRMA-TV
277:CKCK-TV
238:WISN-TV
206:SRG SSR
172:Numbers
84:ringing
62:) is a
1377:
1055:
1027:
1004:
994:
963:
945:
918:
910:
842:634045
840:
731:
644:
617:
561:single
559:'s 7"
434:HD-MAC
385:pirate
266:Norway
2165:Lenna
2155:GTUBE
2119:Acid
2108:Other
1947:Quine
1882:ETP-1
1605:(PDF)
1526:(PDF)
1482:(PDF)
1433:(PDF)
1002:S2CID
961:S2CID
916:S2CID
798:(PDF)
690:(PDF)
671:(PDF)
428:JEITA
381:Syria
377:ORTAS
373:Egypt
285:CERTV
191:Usage
140:gamma
2061:List
2033:List
1924:UEIT
1659:dxtv
1641:dxtv
1585:dxtv
1567:dxtv
1463:2022
1375:PMID
1269:dxtv
1251:dxtv
1233:dxtv
1053:ISBN
992:ISBN
908:PMID
838:OSTI
749:link
729:ISBN
642:ISBN
615:ISBN
528:and
506:NWRV
421:EIAJ
375:and
369:ERTU
315:and
313:RTBF
303:and
214:RTBF
212:and
51:The
1367:doi
984:doi
953:doi
898:doi
534:TRT
522:TVE
514:BRT
502:WDR
490:ARD
405:or
379:in
371:in
355:in
343:),
335:in
329:TVP
321:NTS
317:VRT
311:),
279:in
275:),
270:Pye
264:in
262:NRK
240:in
236:),
226:TVB
222:TVP
218:RTP
210:VRT
187:).
183:or
54:EIA
45:NTS
2217::
1901:,
1897:,
1893:,
1875:,
1871:,
1867:,
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1859:,
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1657:.
1639:.
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1373:.
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1865:H
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751:)
710:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
