Dumitru Petrescu - Knowledge

1280: 1264: 1533:, for the 20th anniversary of the Grivița events. On that occasion, "he spoke about the courage shown by railway workers under the direct leadership of the Communist Party of Romania and Comrade Gh Gheorghiu-Dej in these battles for a better life and against fascism." Historian Elisabeta Neagoe-Pleșa writes that, though never a top-ranking member of the railwaymen (and in fact "practically unknown" to them in 1933), Gheorghiu-Dej had become the "main beneficiary of the 'Grivița myth'." Petrescu's other focus was on football as a propaganda weapon; in 1953, he postulated that: "By losing international games, we also lose politically. It might be asserted that football, despite all the favourable conditions created for its development, does not rise to the height of the international prestige of our Republic." 1005:. According to him, it was only made feasible when they obtained to be transferred out of the Craiova stockade and into the regular prison facility, and then given approval for treatment at Filantropia Hospital of Craiova. They also won the confidence of their one guard, whom Vasilichi knew as "Ghiță", by allowing him to flirt with Craiova's young women, on a number of occasions, while they guarded themselves. The escape took place on 3 January 1935, when Petrescu's wife Ecaterina ultimately arranged for a getaway car to wait them as they went out for a morning walk—"the driver being recognisable for his holding a white flower." One of them would feign sickness, prompting the escort to seek assistance from the driver, upon which the four would overpower Ghiță with a handkerchief dipped in 926: 4131: 1049:: "Perhaps Dej could've escaped as well. I think he didn't do so out of prudence. It may also be that the names of those who had been designated for the escape were rigorously designated from the central leadership, with Doncea, Vasilichi and Petrescu being seen as more deserving than Dej, when it came to the international communist movement. This difference of status, between, on one hand, Dej, and, on the other, Doncea and Petrescu, generated a sort of friction between them." Historian Sorin Oane sees Gheorghiu-Dej and Chivu as the "great losers of that Grivița '33 moment". The embarrassed authorities soon increased their alert, directly affecting the PCR's prison underground. In February 1935, 1030:

various "conspiratorial homes" in Bucharest, receiving material support from the International Red Aid. The authorities eventually apprehended Vintilă Ionescu, who confessed to having driven the getaway car, but would only admit to having been paid for the transport; a prison guard who had seen the car shortly before the escape reported that an unknown fifth man, possibly a PCR adviser, had been waiting in the car with Ionescu. Pompilian recalls that the driver, whom he does not name, was sentenced to two years in jail, while Pompilian himself was never suspected.

1322:) was effectively a purge of the old military structures, including a reduction of its fighting power—Petrescu's superiors feared that having many armed troops left on Romanian soil would restore "reactionary" rule. Petrescu and Precup had for their end goal "that the Romanian army, a 'nest of reactionaries', no longer act in any other way but 'in service to the people'". Gîju similarly notes that Precup was a less relevant figure than Petrescu, and "mainly there for the artistic impression". The former railwayman and his subordinates, including 1610:

July, Petrescu was again made a junior member of the Central Committee—the party itself having returned to its old name. Party historian Gh. Matei now referred to both Petrescu and Gheorghiu-Dej as "leaders of the revolutionary combat of January–February 1933", noting that they had turned the Grivița trial "into a tribune for unmasking the bourgeois-landowning regime". On 30 December 1965, Petrescu took over as chairman of the State Committee for Occupational Safety, representing Romania at the

1017:(which none of them really had) at a hospital in Craiova. After bribing their guard, who agreed to be "tied to a tree with his own belt", they fled the scene in a "black car, with a white chrysanthemum", arranged for them by Pompilian. Vasilichi notes that the car ran out of gas while nearing Bucharest, but that Petrescu was able to obtain some from a group of peasants. He and Doncea had subdued Ion Stoica, eventually abandoning him in the area—as Vasilichi recounts, they paid him 3,000 1764:; the latter landmark, traditionally known as Tankó Street, had also bore the name of "Vasile Luca", and, after Luca's downfall, was known as "Progress Street". In May 1971, a bust of Petrescu, done by Doru Popovici, was erected at Chibrit Square in Grivița. During the 40th anniversary of the Grivița action in February 1973, Ceaușescu spoke of his "high regard" for the communist participants, including "some who are no longer alive—Gheorghiu-Dej, Dumitru Petrescu, as well as others." 1595: 918:, the authorities realised that grouping Doncea and Petrescu along with other CFR workers held in custody was only helping them diffuse their ideas and consolidate their personal authority. They were separated from other inmates in April. The mass trial began on 17 July 1933 at the military tribunal ("war council") of the 2nd Army Corps, in Bucharest; Petrescu was represented in court by lawyer Iosif Șraier. Witnesses for the defence included a right-wing former minister, 1587:, which fully recorded their doubts about Gheorghiu-Dej's contribution to the 1933 strike. In June 1958, Doncea was similarly punished, leading Gheorghiu-Dej's loyalists to suggest that the general had been part of a "Doncea group" of factionalists. The attack on Doncea and his supposed followers was spearheaded by Ceaușescu, and by the former "Muscovite" Răutu, who alleged that Petrescu and the others had endorsed a Romanian version of 1657:. His final assignment was granted during the PCR Tenth Congress on 12 August 1969, when he took a highly influential position: he was inducted by the Permanent Presidium of the Politburo. This was the only body of power wherein Ceaușescu still tolerated old communists, namely those who had been active with the PCR during its underground phase; even here, there were only four: Petrescu, Maurer, 1493:

Petrescu noted at the time, this tighter control was justified: "he socialist transformation of agriculture does not happen by itself, for that task falls to the party and the proletariat. The initiative to move towards socialism does not belong to the peasants." On 26 January 1950, he was again proclaimed Chairman of the MAN, but only served to 29 May, when he was replaced by Doncea.

1561:, Victor Dușa, and the ECP's Ion Eremia. Gîju believes that Petrescu was a victim of intrigues by Neuländer-Roman, "the Jewish internationalist, much more traveled, more learned, and shrewder". His term was ultimately cut short by the peaceful purge, consecrated on 17 April 1956, when the entire Politburo asked him to step down and take up "grunt work" ( 1467:; before or after that date, for a few months, he was head of the Army's Political Directorate. On 15 December 1949, he passed into the army reserves. From 13 April 1948 to 9 March 1952, he was chairman for the State Committee of Industrial Supply. In June–July 1949, he returned to Moscow with a PMR delegation that also comprised Drăghici, 1013:"It appears that this tiny detail mattered within the set of values of 'communist heroism' as a myth, and was a matter of prestige for Vasilichi." In 1956, Petrescu's lawyer Mihail Pompilian reportedly boasted that he had personally handled the affair, noting that Petrescu, Vasilichi and Doncea were scheduled to be treated for 881:, it supposedly "established measures which imposed themselves after government had refused to acknowledge progress made by the strikers on 2 February, and had sealed of the revolutionary unions' house." The Siguranța was immediately informed when, on the night of 13–14 February 1933, Petrescu and Doncea met with Barani and 1895:"Poporul muncitor propune pe fiii săi cei mai buni drept candidați ai F.D.P. în alegerile pentru Marea Adunare Națională. Circumscripția electorală 'Târgu-Jiu'. Colectivul fabricii de confecții 'Tudor Vladimirescu' a propus candidat in alegerile de deputați în Marea Adunare Naţională pe tovarășul Dumitru Petrescu", in 1509:. He was a titular minister from 9 March 1952, immediately after Luca had been ousted, officially for his delays in enforcing a monetary reform. In May 1952, Petrescu also assisted Gheorghiu-Dej in defeating and sidelining Pauker. During the proceedings of the party plenary which condemned Pauker, former DTV cadre 1231:, writing to Pauker that his unit had behaved "very well", but asking that the PCR intervene to curb Soviet arrogance, as well as to done down perceptions of the DVT as a "communist outfit". He also reported his dissatisfaction that the PCR's branches in Northern Transylvania were "small or even nonexistent." 1735:

dignitaries. A day of national mourning was declared for Petrescu's funeral ceremony on 15 September. It was attended by both Ceaușescu and Răutu, alongside various representatives of the institutions he had led, including the FUS; army officers were called in as the honour guard and pallbearers. The

1573:

As noted by Neagoe-Pleșa: "Any criticism of the general secretary was taken as proof of factionalism", with the Petrescu expulsion being a "general warning" in this respect. Bârlădeanu reports overhearing Petrescu's criticism of Gheorghiu-Dej, but argues that these were a pretext. In his view, it was

1242:

on 1 November, records his anger: "a large portion of our volunteers are not here to fight, but to escape the prison camps. I recall with shame that we have lost 70% of our weapons, that one of our battalions would flee if confronted by seven krauts, that soldiers big as mountains were tossing their

1021:

as a show of goodwill, rather than as a reward. Stoica was only considered an accomplice because he had lacked the foresight of hiding the money before reporting to the authorities in Bucharest. Stoica's subsequent testimony, which verifies some of these claims, identifies the exact location as being

1012:

According to Vasilichi's account, it was he who feigned sickness and who used the chloroform—since Petrescu had not managed to use the handkerchief as instructed. Historian Ilarion Țiu questions at least part of Vasilichi's story, noting that all other records show Petrescu as acting sick. He writes:

1609:

and reinstated in May 1965, months after Gheorghiu-Dej's death from cancer; the reassessment of his case was ordered by General Secretary Ceaușescu, now a partial revisionist. According to Niculescu-Mizil, his and Doncea's recovery was welcomed by the party base and by public opinion at large. On 24

1029:

The three fugitives separated from each other, and fled by taxi cabs to different hiding spots in Bucharest; they were given unexpected freedom of movement because Craiova's prison staff did not conceive that they had actually fled, and would not call for a stakeout. They were then transited through

885:

to give the signal for a revolutionary strike action, planned for 15 February. Petrescu was arrested later on 14 February, alongside both Doncea and Vasilichi. This did not prevent the limited strike: the workers were pushed to more radical positions "upon hearing that their union leaders had been

1492:

That same day, Petrescu was made a full member of the PMR Central Committee, maintaining his seat to 28 December 1955. He acknowledged the Agrarian Commission's disestablishment, and its replacement with a more centralised Agrarian Section of the Central Committee, under Pauker's direct watch. As

1569:

during his conversations with other party figures; he tried to fight the accusations, asking that his case be handled by the entire Politburo, rather than by a selection of investigators. Eremia, who was ultimately sentenced to 25 years of hard labour, sought clemency by admitting his guilt, and

1496:

Official propaganda described Petrescu's assignments as "important and responsible party- and state-designated tasks." Câmpeanu assesses that, overall, Doncea and Petrescu were assigned "utterly mediocre" positions, and effectively sidelined, by Gheorghiu-Dej, who had been made General Secretary

40: 991:

to the strikers, and of advising them to stand their ground. The issue became especially "delicate" for the Craiova judges, since Ghebosu had since been acquitted. Both Doncea and Petrescu drew compassion with their speeches in court, but their wives were removed from the premises after it was

802:

records had him as "Gheorghe M. Dumitru"—with the added initial of his carpenter father; Gîju notes a second alias used by the future general, namely "Petrusin". He was described in PCR propaganda as having "experienced from his early childhood terrible exploitation by the bourgeois-landowning

1411:

on the early days of 1948—a stage when the PCR went as the "Workers' Party" (PMR), to signal its absorption of the PSDR. He was also a junior member of the PMR Central Committee (23 February 1948–24 January 1950), serving as a sectional leader in 1948–1951. On 3 January 1948, he spoke at the

1215:, which deposed Antonescu and brought Romania under an anti-fascist coalition that included the communists. Petrescu and his staff arrived in Bucharest on 31 August, and immediately restored his links with the internal factions of the PCR. By late September, the DTV was fighting against the 1307:

on 6 March 1945. Shortly after this event, Petrescu, appointed second-in-command of the DHCC on 12 April, led 1,000 DTV cadres from Debrecen to Bucharest. Upon arrival there, they became the core unit of a "political apparatus", tasked with ensuring ideological control (officially labelled

862:. A participant in the events, Vasile Bâgu, recalled in 1958 that Petrescu was involved in a warning strike of 28 January–2 February 1933, when he and Doncea, alongside Petre Gheorghe and Hugo Barani, were elected to a committee which presented the workers' demands to the CFR management. 1347:

in 1946, though his participation there was kept secret from the public, so as not to antagonise the military. In 1947, he openly declared that his and his colleagues' activity for the ECP Inspectorate "is to be considered the same as working for the party". He was assisted at the ECP by

1578:

reports that Petrescu, an "exceptional man", had been "removed from political life in order for Dej to overemphasize his own role in the struggles of 1933". Șperlea similarly writes: "The reason for Dumitru Petrescu's marginalization was that, when Dej was busy consolidating his own

1144:

for a precise reason: to convince them that they should fight alongside the Red Army so as to bring down what they called the 'fascist Antonescian' regime." The goal of "improving anti-fascist work" among the prisoners had been set on 3–4 September 1943, at a conference organised in

798:, Petrescu was originally known as Gheorghe Dumitru, before adopting the alias he used in 1933 and throughout life (he was also known under the combined form "Gheorghe Dumitru-Petrescu"). Historian Dan Gîju reports that his exact name may be ultimately unknown, but that 822:

According to at least one account, Petrescu joined the fledgling PCR in 1924, and stayed with it after it was outlawed that same year; journalist Paula Mihailov suggests that he only joined in 1932. Petrescu's official records also suggests that he was a member of the

1583:, the biography of railwayman Dumitru Petrescu, with his leading role in the struggles of February 1933, was an obvious hindrance". One account provided by Tismăneanu and historian Cristian Vasile centers on Petrescu and Doncea's archival interview with 1622:, from 9 February 1968 to 13 March 1969. He was additionally head of the General Directorate of the National Stockpile, from 3 April 1968 to 15 March 1969. During that interval, he participated in the posthumous rehabilitation of Gheorghiu-Dej's victim 1184:. Tismăneanu lists Petrescu as a figure from Pauker's inner circle, which elaborated the strategy for a communist takeover in postwar Romania. On 1 December 1943, Petrescu was moved from the DTV to a parallel military unit, which was later known as the 953:

Petrescu himself was "almost defiant" in his addresses to the court, alleging that his judges were mere lackeys for the government and the ruling classes. Both Doncea and Petrescu initially received life sentences on 19 August 1933, while Vasilichi and

2837:

N. Sareli, "Ultima oră. Azi dimineață s'a deschis a doua sesiune ordinară a Marii Adunări Naționale. — Constituirea Biroului Adunării. Primele lucrări — D. Miron Constantinescu a depus proectul de lege pentru Planul de Stat al R.P.R. pe anul 1950", in

1448:, who allegedly described collectivisation as a disaster which had caused peasants to "hate us all". Chirtoacă also quoted Maurer as saying that Petrescu, whom he dismissively labelled "The Platoon Leader", was not competent enough for the task. 1338:

on 14 July 1947. His advancement was championed by Teclu, who insisted that Petrescu, a man "of exceptional intelligence defiant courage", would become "the first worker to have been made general in the Romanian army." According to historian

958:

were given 20-year prison sentences (Gheorghiu-Dej received 15 years); all three main organisers obtained a retrial upon judicial review, in March 1934. In various issues between September 1933 and January 1934, the PCR's illegal newspaper,

831:, with which he was still affiliated in October 1930; in these sources, his PCR membership is precisely dated to July 1932. By then, he had also affiliated with the "unitary trade union"—of which he was a general secretary from 1928. 1391:—, were troubling, since they came at a time when Romania had been strapped by the Soviet Union with orders to pay reparation for the previous war. Petrescu became the CSA's first honorary president, and, in 1947, helped to secure a 1513:

revealed that Petrescu had taken sides against the Pauker group as early as 1946—when he allegedly informed the PMR's organs that Neuländer-Roman and "other Jewish comrades" were conspiring to have Gheorghiu-Dej replaced by Pauker.

1416:, announcing: "The Romanian people's army shall fight for the Republic's consolidation, for the happiness and welfare of all those who toil with their arms or their intellect, in the cities and villages alike." Petrescu ran in the 1061:; they were investigated as accomplices in the escape, but the charges were dropped, for lack of evidence, in September 1936. In Romania, Petrescu left his wife and two young daughters, who were cared for by Pompilian's father. 749:. Outspoken in his criticism of Gheorghiu-Dej, Petrescu was identified as belonging to a "Doncea group" of factionalists, and expelled from the party in July 1956. He returned to favour in 1965, when Gheorghiu-Dej had died and 893:

Petrescu was formally charged on 6 June. His prosecutor, Tiberiu Bărdescu, included him on a list of 58 main culprits, alleged by him to have "instigated the strike and rebellion." He was moved with his co-defendants between

3510:"În prezența tovarășului Nicolae Ceaușescu. Adunarea comemorativă din Capitală cu prilejul împlinirii a 40 de ani de la marile bătălii de clasă din ianuarie – februarie 1933. Cuvîntarea tovarășului Nicolae Ceaușescu", in 1689: 753:, as the new General Secretary, had introduced a more liberal political line. Reinstated and allowed back on the Central Committee, Petrescu served in various administrative positions, before emerging as vice-president 463: 1529:, on 30 November. In January 1953, Minister Petrescu reported to the MAN on the pace of reform, and claimed to have secured a budgetary surplus of 1 billion lei. The following month, he appeared a venue in 986:

argued that both Doncea and Dumitru Petrescu had been found guilty of "instigating premeditated murder", but that the charge referred to a co-defendant, Georgescu Ghebosu, who had been accused of distributing

2206:

Ion Babici, "Documente. Mărturii cu privire la solidaritatea opiniei publice progresiste din România cu Gheorghi Dimitrov și tovarășii săi în timpul procesului de la Leipzig (septembrie–decembrie 1933)", in

1329:

Petrescu's own service with the DHCC, within the Land Forces, ended on 9 May 1945. He endured as the army's Inspector for Education, Culture and Propaganda (ECP) and chief editor of the official newspaper

1000:

Petrescu, Vasilichi and Doncea began plotting their escape in mid 1934. In 1968, Vasilichi recounted that the plan was hatched by the prisoners themselves, then submitted for approval by the PCR and the

1238:, with almost half of the 10,000 troops having either deserted or been captured by the enemy. He asked that the DVT be withdrawn from the front for him to reimpose discipline. Another letter, sent from 1180:

This period saw Petrescu rallying with the PCR's "Muscovite faction", which had regrouped around Pauker; Câmpeanu argues that Petrescu owed his life to Pauker, who shielded him from active duty on the

807:(CFR, the national railway carrier). Young Dumitru-Petrescu trained as a manual worker. In 1918, he was an apprentice at the CFR yard in Grivița, but transferred to begin training as a printer at 992:

alleged that they were spying on the prosecution. On 1 July, Petrescu was ultimately sentenced to 15 years of hard labour. In his final address, he stated that the strike "was not a rebellion."

1173:. In November 1943, after managing to recruit the entire population of a camp into a battalion, he was faced with insubordination by the newly-appointed commander, Boțoacă, who resented the 4382: 2919:"Deschiderea sesiunii Marii Adunări Naționale. Marea Adunare Națională a omagiat memoria lui Vasil Kolarov. Depunerea Proectului de lege pentru stabilirea bugetului general al R.P.R.", in 1092:

during the early stages of World War II. Gîju rates his work for that station and in print media as "anti-Romanian propaganda", arguing that Petrescu was "most likely" employed by the

1787:

Street", honouring a "prominent Romanian democrat". The issue created some controversy, since, although Goldiș was less offensive than Petrescu, both names were perceived as imposing

1068:, but subsequently joined other Romanian communists in Soviet territory. Picked out as more intelligent and less rebellious than Doncea, between 1935 and 1938 he was a student at the 858:

agents suggests that non-communist members of the Grivița union regarded Petrescu and the others as their fellow workers, seeing them more favourably than "actual communists" such as

1987: 1367:, Petrescu handled the editorial process, which produced 60 thousand electoral brochures and 145 thousand propaganda posters. In October of the following year, he established the 1352:, who, despite being considered a political suspect, had escaped the "verification" campaign and was helping Gheorghiu-Dej form an independent connection between the PCR and the 1057:, obtaining evidence that Gheorghiu-Dej was carrying on with his revolutionary activities from behind bars. As a result, both he and Chivu were dispatched to a harsher prison in 3820: 2743:

Maximilian Pandele, "Azi, sărbătorirea a 25 de ani de existență a clubului Steaua. Un bogat bilanț de succese în slujba sportului românesc. Realizări cu care ne mîndrim", in

2042: 1101: 2934:"Deschiderea celei de-a 7-a sesiuni ordinare a Marii Adunări Naționale. In ședința de eri dimineață a fost ales Biroul și s'a depus proectul de lege al Codului Muncii", in 3649:

Nicoleta Ionescu-Gură, "Reorganizarea P.M.R.-ului după modelul P.C. (b.) al U.R.S.S. și crearea nomenclaturii C.C. al P.M.R. în Republica Populară Română (1949–1954)", in

1565:). His downfall continued in July 1956, when he was expelled from the PMR, alongside Agiu, Dușa, and Eremia. Petrescu was personally accused of having spoken out against 4417: 1756:

In January 1970, the regime honoured Petrescu's memory by assigning his name to Bucharest schools (School No 175 and Lyceum No 40), as well as to streets in Bucharest,

1379:

between his subordinates, and successfully obtained state funding for his various ventures, including his creation of sports teams—in association football, volleyball,

1670: 3611: 1803:, in 1990. As argued in 2012 by Gîju, Petrescu's positive legacy at the CSA was overturned after the Revolution, when the sports base had "pretty much ran to waste". 976:

The second trial was opened at Craiova Military Tribunal on 4 June 1934; the presiding judge was coincidentally also named Petrescu. In his coverage of the trial for

3606:

Florica Dobre, Liviu Marius Bejenaru, Clara Cosmineanu-Mareș, Monica Grigore, Alina Ilinca, Oana Ionel, Nicoleta Ionescu-Gură, Elisabeta Neagoe-Pleșa, Liviu Pleșa,

4367: 1720: 1545:—lasting to 11 May 1956. This appointment overlapped with an investigation about his alleged opposition to the party line: in early 1955, a commission of the PMR 1279: 1425: 914:, where he became a supporter of Gheorghiu-Dej, who had also been prosecuted for the Grivița strike, and who was emerging as leader of a PCR faction. During the 715: 190: 4557: 4477: 1308:"democratization") over the Land Forces. The new educational institution, which directed the "indoctrination of young Romanian officers", was headquartered in 819:, which he reportedly joined in 1922. His four-grade education was supplemented by night school, earning him a diploma in secondary-level commercial studies. 4427: 2604: 3910: 3650: 1009:. They were relieved when, at the preordained moment for their sortie, the prison-warden ordered Ion Stoica to replace Ghiță, whom they had grown to like. 4517: 870: 4542: 3813: 3575: 1574:

Petrescu's styling as "Petrescu-Grivița" that incensed the General Secretary, and ultimately caused Petrescu's downfall. A younger communist potentate,

1034: 1326:

and Ion Eremia, "did not lack in talent and intelligence, but devoid of scruples standard opportunists, parvenus, and, not least of all, impostors".

1045:—Petrescu and Doncea took up the offer, while Gheorghiu-Dej and Chivu declined it. This version of events is contradicted by Gheorghiu-Dej's associate 3855: 1558: 922:, who argued that the CFR workers had reason to be upset by the violation of their labour rights, as well as by government inaction in their favour. 4567: 4432: 4203: 1619: 1162: 1154: 1077: 874: 1796: 4437: 2314: 1526: 824: 446: 360: 3045:"A fővárosi dolgozók ünnepi gyűlése az 1933-as februári forradalmi harcok 20. évfordulója alkalmából. A fővárosi ifjúmunkások ünnepi gyűlése", in 1800: 4372: 3829: 2306: 1554: 1452: 1313: 1076:

staff with an offer to join their organisation as an international spy, but that he had declined the offer. He was mainly employed at either the

808: 114: 4412: 3806: 1570:

informed the PMR that Maurer was equally guilty; as he noted, the only one of the group to have refrained from protecting Maurer was Petrescu.

1441: 1290: 4392: 4387: 1166: 1141: 803:

regime"; historian Florin Șperlea describes his childhood as having been spent "in a working-class neighborhood", namely among employees of

1497:

after having spent the war years in Romanian prisons. This push inaugurated "tense relations" between the "Muscovite" railwaymen and their

4502: 2509: 1654: 1161:

and reportedly played a key role in its formation, having convinced the first Romanian officers to take its command." Alongside Colonels

877:

were present at a conspiratorial meeting of the "communist faction" within the trade-union coalition. Held on Hagi Tudorache Street near

1483:, with Petrescu as one of its 17 inaugural members. Though stripped of any real powers, it was mainly involved in creating the Romanian 4527: 4487: 4357: 1368: 695: 2082:

Gheorghe Neacșu, Gheorghe Tudor, "Comunicări. Locuri și case legate de activitatea Partidului Comunist Român în anii 1924—1933", in

4552: 4402: 4362: 1263: 842:, as a leader of the Bucharest union council; this was the culmination of efforts that began in 1932, when Petrescu, together with 815:

operator, fully employed there from October 1920 to August 1928. During that interval, he was listed as a trusted operative by the

1645:. For a few days, to 13 March 1969, he was secretary of the legislature's Economic Committee. In June, he led a FUS delegation to 1185: 675: 532: 4547: 3497: 1444:, Pavel Chirtoacă, and Mircea Geoagiu. Shortly after, Chirtoacă reported complaints made privately by the more liberal communist 3704: 662:

During World War II, Petrescu was acknowledged as a member of the PCR's exile, or "Muscovite", faction, which gravitated around

4537: 4422: 1630: 1464: 1421: 754: 737:

Petrescu displayed his loyalty in 1952, when he assisted Gheorghiu-Dej in toppling Pauker and her "Muscovites"; he himself was

378: 372: 3743:

Florin Șperlea, "Din Atelierele CFR la Comitetul Politic Executiv. Dumitru Petrescu sau drumul sinuos către nomenclatură", in

734:, had a more modest pedigree in the railways movement than either Petrescu or Doncea, and as such resented their visibility. 4397: 3780: 3712: 3378: 2322: 925: 4507: 4457: 1681: 1502: 965:, declared that Petrescu and Doncea were victims of "fascist terror", drawing a parallel between their prosecution and the 738: 453: 72: 1387:, and various other sports. As Gîju writes, these initiatives, which resulted in the creation of an army's sports base—as 4522: 4467: 4462: 1476: 1413: 2605:"Divizia 'Tudor Vladimirescu'. 'Am pierdut 70% din armament, iar un batalion de al nostru fugea din fața a șapte nemți'" 730:, as part of a commission that also included Pauker. His marginalisation occurred largely because the communist leader, 4497: 4472: 1638: 1522: 1417: 828: 703: 639:

penitentiary a few months later, together with Vasilichi and Doncea, after overpowering a guard. With support from the

366: 3599:, "Considerații privind lupta dusă de Gheorghiu-Dej pentru obținerea supremație în cadrul partidului (1945—1948)", in 1396: 1227:; its outstanding bravery was noted in 1996 by military historian Alesandru D. Duțu. On 29 September, Petrescu was at 778: 4492: 4452: 4377: 3762: 3731: 3680: 3662: 3619: 3591: 2983: 1732: 1611: 4045: 4020: 2069:

Cristina Diac, "Greva de la Grivița din februarie 1933, văzută de protagoniști. O declarație a lui Vasile Bâgu", in

1360:, he instructed his officers to make sure that soldiers had a "political attitude" that was favourable to the PCR. 1157:. Pauker played a key role in the events: " proposed naming one of the divisions after the Romanian national figure 3624:

Alesandru D. Duțu, "Un 'avanpost' al luptei nomenclaturii pentru puterea absolută. Politizarea armatei române", in

1542: 1177:

insignia added on their Romanian uniforms. Reportedly, Petrescu intervened to have Boțoacă deposed and rearrested.

746: 54: 4482: 1761: 4442: 4130: 2759:

Robert Adam, "Football and Authoritarianism in Twentieth Century Romania: between Propaganda and Subversion", in

1700: 1650: 1646: 306: 3536:

János Fleisz, "'A szabadságharc hős, kitartó tábornoka'. Nagysándor József (1804–1849) (4., befejező rész)", in

1212: 4562: 3672: 1641:, Petrescu returned to the MAN for his third and last term—his constituency was the Bucharest neighbourhood of 1489:(a category of high-ranking communist bureaucrats, estimated by Petrescu himself as 17,900 to 20,000 people). 1357: 1270: 1724: 1356:. Petrescu personally oversaw the content of libraries and magazines that soldiers could access; ahead of the 769:; his final assignment had been one of national importance, as a member of the Permanent Presidium of the PCR 3833: 1623: 1498: 1408: 723: 511: 890:

ordered a storming of Grivița by two regiments of the Land Forces, during which seven strikers were killed.

694:, serving as a coordinator of cultural and propaganda efforts, leading toward their transformation into the 4000: 3970: 3463:

József Álmos, "Utcáink névadói: Ifj. Gödri Ferenc (1862—1913) (folytatás lapunk június 16-i számából)", in

1181: 4532: 3965: 3875: 3865: 2515: 1768: 1433: 1133: 1065: 835: 727: 671: 644: 527: 4512: 4447: 3870: 3860: 3772: 1741: 1666: 1146: 1069: 652: 439: 402: 1775:

decreed that Sfîntu Gheorghe's Dumitru Petrescu Street was to be renamed, alongside streets named for

1243:

machine-pistols and running like hell without ever shooting their weapons". Ten days later, he was in

1072:

in Moscow. In an oral testimony he provided in the 1960s, Petrescu claimed to have been approached by

1244: 1196:, confided to Petrescu about frustration with communist demands, and specifically with the soldiers' 1046: 3920: 1432:. On 3 March 1949, he also joined the PMR Agrarian Commission, which was tasked with overseeing the 839: 620: 3798: 1634: 1286: 1104:. Unlike other members of the exile communists, he and the other escapees were not targeted by the 816: 804: 758: 619:, he took to left-wing politics, joining the underground communist groups at some point before the 612: 347: 324: 302: 4208: 4163: 1748:, then deposed in the Libertății Park mausoleum, alongside the remains of other PCR dignitaries. 899: 137: 1606: 1353: 1038: 3940: 3431: 3019: 1897: 1388: 1041:

as a reward for all participants in the Grivița strike. They were invited to find refuge in the

774: 4115: 4065: 4010: 1097: 942: 887: 866: 731: 4040: 3995: 3750: 907: 3950: 3935: 3925: 1685: 1566: 1224: 1192:, tasked mainly with propaganda work. According to later denunciations, the DHCC commandant, 1002: 699: 640: 458: 4173: 3337:"O delegație a Consiliului Național al Frontului Unității Socialiste a plecat la Praga", in 1456: 149: 4352: 4347: 4218: 3719: 2975: 1704: 1575: 1247:, complaining to Pauker that there was nothing he could do about the continuous spread of " 1220: 1208: 1117: 915: 691: 537: 2785:

Eugen Denize, "Puterea comunistă și armata. Un document din Arhiva C. C. al P. C. R.", in

2047: 1992: 1437: 750: 651:, where he lived until 1944. He worked in publishing and trained as a propagandist at the 8: 4407: 4060: 1580: 1475:, and Raia Vidrașcu; its mission was to study and copy the organizational methods of the 1463:

on 25 July 1948, when he was also assigned to work directly under the secretariat of the

1445: 1376: 1304: 1137: 878: 679: 4105: 4095: 3370: 1695:

Petrescu died a month and a day after his promotion, at a hospital in the Czech city of

1549:

reported "on the anti-party activity of some party members"—including Petrescu, Maurer,

1349: 4085: 3975: 3930: 3905: 3785: 3538: 3495:, "Solemnitatea dezvelirii busturilor lui Alexandru Moghioroș și Dumitru Petrescu", in 1658: 1235: 1189: 1158: 1058: 934: 843: 707: 683: 632: 628: 579: 506: 282: 4110: 4090: 3960: 3890: 3880: 3447:, "La zi. liceului nr. 40 din București i s-a atribuit numele 'Dumitru Petrescu'", in 2232:, "Marele proces dela Craiova. Cei 8 acuzați. — Sâmbătă va începe interogatoriul", in 4183: 4075: 4015: 3985: 3776: 3758: 3727: 3708: 3676: 3658: 3615: 3587: 3374: 2979: 2609: 2318: 1795:-inhabited city. By 1999, it had been renamed after a Székely painter and heraldist, 1675: 1599: 1344: 1335: 1204: 938: 919: 847: 719: 687: 624: 574: 182: 4286: 4271: 3885: 1662: 1626:, reporting to PCR investigators on how Pauker had unwittingly antagonised the two. 1318: 4296: 4198: 4188: 4153: 4120: 4100: 4050: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4005: 3701:

Comuniștii înainte de comunism: procese și condamnări ale ilegaliștilor din România

3696: 2967: 1541:

Petrescu's ministerial mandate ended on 4 October 1955, when he began his stint as

611:(10 May 1906 – 13 September 1969), was a Romanian general, trade union leader, and 20: 4213: 4055: 3655:

Totalitarism și rezistență, teroare și represiune în România comunistă (Studii, 1)

3631:

Florin Georgescu, "Epurările politice din Armata Română între anii 1944–1948", in

1784: 1193: 107: 4306: 4158: 3990: 3790: 3596: 2229: 1788: 1745: 1550: 1340: 1252: 983: 799: 3900: 1468: 698:. He followed the Romanian army and the Vladimirescu units as they crossed into 635:

authorities in its wake, he received a 15-year prison sentence. He broke out of

4326: 4316: 4301: 4291: 4281: 4276: 4223: 4080: 3955: 3945: 3915: 3895: 1780: 1772: 1737: 1472: 1140:

with the rank of major. As Șperlea writes, this activity included "touring the

1081: 966: 930: 911: 903: 859: 851: 4247: 3411:"Corpul neînsuflețit al tovarășului Dumitru Petrescu a fost adus în țară", in 1728: 1598:

Petrescu's official photograph, circulated after his reinstatement on the PCR

1407:

Petrescu held on to his ECP position before and during the establishment of a

1203:

Petrescu returned to his native country with the Red Army, taking part in the

1088:, until being recruited by the PCR's foreign bureau, and assigned to work for 4341: 4321: 4311: 4070: 3980: 1716: 1584: 1510: 1505:

so that he could "impose order" after the ouster of a disgraced "Muscovite",

1460: 1380: 1300: 1197: 1125: 895: 711: 558: 2256:

Oane, p. 75. See also Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 117–118; Vasilichi, pp. 16–17

1479:. On 24 January 1950, this exchange resulted in the formation of a Romanian 706:, recording his troops' initial bravery and subsequent breakdown during the 1696: 1594: 1485: 1323: 1228: 1089: 1042: 1018: 970: 946: 882: 766: 648: 501: 298: 1518: 1050: 855: 232: 3736:

Sorin Oane, "Comuniști în închisoarea de la Ocnele Mari (1918–1938)", in

1506: 1429: 1251:", as long as these came directly from the inner circle of DVT commander 1121: 1105: 988: 955: 742: 211: 95: 3413: 3339: 2921: 2840: 2367: 2234: 1864: 1792: 1530: 1501:

rivals. As noted by Câmpeanu, Petrescu was assigned to take over at the

978: 961: 4193: 1642: 1150: 1006: 663: 397: 253: 3179:

Tismăneanu, pp. 125, 201–202, 321, 339. See also Câmpeanu, pp. 265–266

2549:, p. 468. See also Georgescu, p. 528; Gîju, pp. 98, 99; Șperlea, p. 27 2365:

Lavinia Betea, "Al. Bîrlădeanu, despre Dej, Ceaușescu și Iliescu", in

1517:

On 16 October 1952, the workers at Tudor Vladimirescu Textile Mill in

1234:

On 6 October, Petrescu was also saddened by his troops routing in the

1023: 616: 2936: 1827: 1776: 1708: 1633:(FUS), elected to a similar (and largely ceremonial) position on the 1546: 1384: 1248: 1216: 1128:. In 1942, Petrescu set up a Romanian-language propaganda newspaper, 1108:, and therefore outlived much of the PCR's first-generation members. 795: 770: 762: 278: 3828: 3695:"Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej și 'procesul ceferiștilor' (1933–1934)", in 3017:"Lista deputaților aleși în Marea Adunare Națională a R. P. R.", in 1692:. He and his wife had raised six children, of whom four were girls. 1289:

on 1 January 1945, with his former lawyer Iosif Șraier (center) and

1200:: "What do the Russians want? That we shut down all the schools?" 1054: 3492: 3444: 3426: 1455:, a position he maintained to 28 December, when he was replaced by 1239: 1174: 1093: 1085: 1014: 745:. His administrative career peaked in 1955–1956, when he served as 667: 39: 3642:

Careul cozilor de topor. Artizanii presei militare comuniste", in

2972:

Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc

2631:

Duțu, pp. 32–33; Georgescu, pp. 525–526, 528. See also Gîju, p. 98

865:

PCR records report that, on the evening of 13 February, Petrescu,

3583: 1588: 1480: 1132:. The following year, he was co-opted to organise the Red Army's 636: 3365:

Lavinia Betea, Cristina Diac, Florin-Răzvan Mihai, Ilarion Țiu,

3080:, p. 468. See also Șperlea, p. 29; Tismăneanu, pp. 125, 166, 201 2460:, p. 468; Duțu, pp. 29–31; Georgescu, p. 528; Șperlea, pp. 26–27 1629:

In December 1968, Petrescu became vice-president of the PCR-led

3197:

Tismăneanu, pp. 125, 321. See also Niculescu-Mizil, pp. 414–415

1825:"Condamnarea infractorilor dela atelierele c.f.r. Grivița", in 1799:. Oradea's Petrescu Street was renamed, after local politician 1757: 1712: 1615: 1392: 1309: 656: 886:

arrested", and would not conduct negotiations. Prime Minister

812: 811:(to October 1920). He returned to the CFR as an metalworking 1665:. By the time of his death, Petrescu was a recipient of the 3603:, Vol. 5, Issues 9–10, September–October 1994, pp. 907–927. 3568:

Florian Banu, "Ion Gheorghe Maurer. Schiță de portret", in

3188:

Tismăneanu, pp. 201–202; Tismăneanu & Vasile, pp. 49–50

1312:. As summed up by Șperlea, the process directed by Colonel 1207:(1944). His units were never engaged in combat against the 1073: 3525:

Cuvîntul Nou. Cotidian Social-politic al Județului Covasna

2671:, p. 468. See also Georgescu, p. 529; Gîju, pp. 97, 98, 99 2193:

Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 105–106, 108–111. See also Dobre

666:. He helped rallying up Romanian prisoners of war for the 4383:

Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948) politicians

3483:, Vol. III, Issues 39–40, September–October 1992, p. 5 1618:(June 1966). He then served as first secretary of the 1037:

notes that the escape was ultimately organised by the

995: 3646:, Vol. XIII, Issues 7–8, July–August 2012, pp. 97–99. 3228:

Gh. Matei, "Pagini de istorie. Epopeea Griviței", in

2776:, pp. 467, 468. See also Levy, p. 249; Șperlea, p. 29 2389:

Oane, pp. 75–76. See also Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), p. 119

1961:

Anna Papp, "Figyelő. Románok, magyarok es mások", in

1862:"Tovarășul Dumitru Petrescu a încetat din viață", in 3669:

Ana Pauker: The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Communist

1965:, Vol. XVI, Issue 58, January–March 2005, pp. 36–37 615:(PCR) activist. After training as a metalworker in 1459:. Petrescu's military career saw his promotion to 1120:saw the Soviets entering World War II against the 741:in 1952–1955, replacing the disgraced "Muscovite" 3690:Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Historica 3429:, "Funeraliile tovarășului Dumitru Petrescu", in 2311:Memoriile mandarinului valah. Jurnal I: 1954–1956 1680:, 2nd class (1949), having also been granted the 1521:nominated Petrescu as their FDP candidate in the 1124:, which included Romania—governed at the time by 827:(PSDR) in 1927–1928, and that he then joined the 4339: 4368:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania) 3769:Perfectul acrobat. Leonte Răutu, măștile răului 2819:, Issue 84, 2013, p. 62; Levy, pp. 101–105, 249 2211:, Vol. XIX, Issue 5, 1973, pp. 135–136, 139–141 1711:. On 14 September, the body was retrieved from 1299:Petrescu became involved with Romania's steady 4257: 4233: 4139: 3841: 2139:, p. 468; Șperlea, p. 26; Vasilichi, pp. 17–19 1767:Such honouring was largely reversed after the 4558:Socialist Republic of Romania rehabilitations 4478:Romanian sports executives and administrators 3814: 3608:Membrii C.C. al P.C.R. (1945–1989). Dicționar 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1699:. His vacation there had been interrupted by 4428:Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave 3688:"'Camarila' lui Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej", in 1536: 949:, reclining between Doncea and Gheorghiu-Dej 4518:Romanian military personnel of World War II 3726:. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 1997. 3367:Viața lui Ceaușescu. Vol. 2: Fiul Poporului 2511:Istorie orală. Divizia "Tudor Vladimirescu" 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1771:: in December 1990, the new authorities in 773:. He is remembered as a founding figure of 4543:Romanian expatriates in the Czech Republic 4418:Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division personnel 3821: 3807: 3635:, Vols. XXII–XXIV, 2001–2003, pp. 522–534. 3219:, p. 467. See also Niculescu-Mizil, p. 415 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2197:, pp. 467–468; Oane, p. 75; Șperlea, p. 26 1988:"Figuri moscovite ale comuniștilor români" 1812: 1363:Having secured his own printing press for 1111: 789: 38: 3475: 3473: 3459: 3457: 3032:"A Nagy Nemzetgyűlés első ülésszaka", in 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1424:(FDP) list, serving one full term in the 726:; he had only a brief involvement in the 623:, which he helped organise together with 245:2 March 1969 – 13 September 1969 4568:Disease-related deaths in Czechoslovakia 4433:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross 3657:, pp. 216–250. Bucharest: CNSAS, 2001. 2813:Analiza dictaturii comuniste din România 2707:Șperlea, p. 28. See also Duțu, pp. 33–34 2361: 2359: 2357: 2073:, Vol. 20, Issues 3–4, 2012, pp. 206–208 1968: 1593: 924: 910:argues that Petrescu also spent time in 690:, upon which he was integrated into the 686:. He had a mainly political role in the 4438:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star 3232:, Vol. IV, Issue 6, February 1966, p. 2 2755: 2753: 2640:Georgescu, p. 529. See also Gîju, p. 98 2588: 2295: 1957: 1955: 1053:agents descended on communist cells in 761:(in 1969). Already terminally ill with 115:Chairman of the Great National Assembly 4373:Members of the Great National Assembly 4340: 3767:Vladimir Tismăneanu, Cristian Vasile, 3692:, Vol. 10, Issue I, 2006, pp. 147–163. 3470: 3454: 3254:"Pe meridianele globului. Geneva", in 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1843: 1451:On 5 July 1949, Petrescu was assigned 85:9 March 1952 – 4 October 1955 4413:Tudor Vladimirescu Division personnel 3802: 3740:, Vol. XII, Part II, 2015, pp. 66–78. 3479:Gyula Kádár, "Utcaneveink sorsa", in 2354: 2043:"Dedesubturile evadării comuniștilor" 1358:legislative election in November 1946 1303:, which began with the imposition of 1271:legislative election of November 1946 224:30 November 1952 – July 1956 67:4 October 1955 – 11 May 1956 4393:20th-century Romanian civil servants 4388:Romanian Communist Party politicians 3170:Tismăneanu & Vasile, pp. 50, 106 2750: 2166:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 99–100, 103 2108:, p. 467; Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), p. 88 2086:, Vol. XXII, Issues 5–6, 1976, p. 84 1952: 929:Defendants of the Grivița trials in 834:In early 1933, at the height of the 621:railwaymen's strike of February 1933 316:Libertății Park Mausoleum, Bucharest 3747:, Vol. I, Issue 4, 1996, pp. 26–29. 3628:, Vol. I, Issue 4, 1996, pp. 29–34. 3580:Ceaușescu, anii numărătorii inverse 3352:Tismăneanu, p. 125. See also Dobre 2438:Câmpeanu, p. 96; Tismăneanu, p. 124 2021: 1880: 1525:; he took that seat, one of 37 for 1414:Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company 1064:The escapee settled for a while in 996:Prison escape and Soviet relocation 722:, Petrescu was pushed aside by the 714:in 1948, and assigned seats in the 203:March 1948 – November 1952 13: 1707:; the ultimate cause of death was 1649:, where he studied the equivalent 1418:legislative election of March 1948 1078:Foreign Languages Publishing House 838:, Petrescu helped to organise the 829:Socialist Workers Party of Romania 367:Socialist Workers Party of Romania 127:5 July – 28 December 1949 14: 4579: 4528:Military personnel from Bucharest 4488:Occupational health practitioners 4358:Deputy prime ministers of Romania 2496:Georgescu, p. 528; Șperlea, p. 26 1612:International Labour Organization 1436:. Its other members were Pauker, 1402: 850:, considered making pushes for a 676:Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Divisions 162:26 January – 29 May 1950 4129: 3549: 3530: 3517: 3504: 3486: 3438: 3420: 3405: 3396: 3383: 3359: 3346: 3331: 3318: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3274: 3261: 3248: 3235: 3222: 3209: 3200: 3191: 3182: 3173: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3119: 3116:Neagoe-Pleșa (2006), pp. 160–161 3110: 3101: 3092: 3083: 3070: 3061: 3052: 3039: 3026: 2247:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 113–114 2184:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 104–105 2175:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 103–104 2060:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 107–108 1543:Deputy Prime Minister of Romania 1278: 1262: 1186:Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division 1169:, he put out the army newspaper 825:Romanian Social Democratic Party 533:Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division 361:Romanian Social Democratic Party 55:Deputy Prime Minister of Romania 4553:Romanian expatriates in Hungary 4363:Ministers of finance of Romania 3705:Editura Universității București 3011: 3002: 2993: 2986:. See also Banu, p. 116; Dobre 2961: 2952: 2943: 2928: 2913: 2904: 2901:, p. 467. See also Levy, p. 249 2891: 2882: 2873: 2870:, p. 468. See also Levy, p. 249 2860: 2847: 2831: 2822: 2805: 2792: 2779: 2766: 2737: 2728: 2719: 2710: 2701: 2692: 2683: 2674: 2661: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2539: 2530: 2521: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2472: 2463: 2450: 2441: 2432: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2241: 2223: 2214: 2200: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2160: 2151: 2142: 2129: 2120: 2111: 2098: 2089: 2076: 2063: 2054: 2012: 1999: 1701:upper gastrointestinal bleeding 1434:collectivisation of agriculture 1371:magazine, eponymously known as 1334:(1945–1948), being advanced to 794:Born to proletarian parents in 765:, he died while vacationing in 728:collectivisation of agriculture 307:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 16:Romanian politician (1906–1969) 4548:Romanian expatriates in Russia 4046:Constantin Cantacuzino-Pașcanu 4021:Constantin Cantacuzino-Pașcanu 3834:Chamber of Deputies of Romania 3794:, July–August 1968, pp. 16–23. 3673:University of California Press 3671:. Berkeley & Los Angeles: 2126:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 97–98 2117:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), pp. 89–91 1939: 1926: 1913: 1904: 1871: 1834: 1742:Great National Assembly Palace 1142:Romanian prisoner of war camps 933:yard. Top row, from the left: 1: 4538:Defectors to the Soviet Union 4423:Romanian Land Forces generals 3738:Buridava. Studii și Materiale 3561: 3435:, 16 September 1969, pp. I, V 1744:, in a coffin covered by the 1523:upcoming legislative election 1428:(MAN)—wherein he represented 1343:, he was a member of the PCR 643:, Petrescu made his way into 599:, believed to have been born 351: 328: 4398:Romanian trade union leaders 4001:Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino 3971:Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino 3572:, Issue 1/2007, pp. 109–124. 3206:Niculescu-Mizil, pp. 414–415 1733:Czechoslovak Communist Party 1725:Ruzyně International Airport 982:daily, left-wing journalist 784: 73:Romanian Minister of Finance 44:Petrescu in military uniform 7: 4508:Fugitives wanted by Romania 4503:Inmates of Văcărești Prison 4458:Romanian newspaper founders 3876:Manolache Costache Epureanu 3866:Manolache Costache Epureanu 3755:Stalinism pentru eternitate 3633:Acta Moldaviae Meridionalis 3143:Neagoe-Pleșa (2006), p. 160 3067:Neagoe-Pleșa (2006), p. 147 3058:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), p. 123 2789:, Issues 55–56, 2006, p. 71 2220:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), p. 111 1783:. Its name was changed to " 1769:Romanian Revolution of 1989 1669:, 3rd class (1947) and the 1134:Tudor Vladimirescu Division 528:Tudor Vladimirescu Division 10: 4584: 4523:Politicians from Bucharest 4468:Romanian magazine founders 4463:Romanian newspaper editors 4403:Căile Ferate Române people 3871:Nicolae Calimachi-Catargiu 3861:Alexandru Emanoil Florescu 3523:"Aflăm de la poliție", in 2888:Ionescu-Gură, pp. 219, 233 2157:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), p. 94 2095:Neagoe-Pleșa (2014), p. 88 1667:Order of Michael the Brave 1409:Romanian People's Republic 1316:and Petrescu (as Precup's 1070:International Lenin School 724:Romanian People's Republic 688:Soviet conquest of Romania 653:International Lenin School 647:, and then headed for the 512:Romanian People's Republic 440:Order of Michael the Brave 403:International Lenin School 18: 4498:Inmates of Doftana prison 4473:Romanian magazine editors 4256: 4232: 4145:(Grand National Assembly) 4138: 4127: 3840: 3703:, pp. 77–124. Bucharest: 3417:, 15 September 1969, p. 3 2071:Arhivele Totalitarismului 1868:, 14 September 1969, p. 1 1751: 1537:Downfall and final return 1465:National Defense Ministry 1422:People's Democratic Front 1273:, aimed at soldier voters 1211:, largely because of the 1188:(DHCC), wherein he was a 590: 564: 554: 546: 520: 494: 489: 472: 432: 408: 396: 388: 373:People's Democratic Front 338: 320: 312: 288: 268: 263: 259: 249: 238: 228: 217: 207: 196: 188: 176: 166: 155: 143: 131: 120: 113: 101: 89: 78: 71: 60: 53: 49: 37: 30: 4493:Inmates of Jilava Prison 4453:Soviet newspaper editors 4378:State Council of Romania 3757:. Iași: Polirom, 2005. 3685:Elisabeta Neagoe-Pleșa, 3527:, 20 February 1991, p. 3 3514:, 17 February 1973, p. 1 3449:Informația Bucureștiului 3356:, p. 467; Șperlea, p. 29 3125:Tismăneanu, pp. 201, 339 3049:, 18 February 1953, p. 1 2990:, p. 468; Șperlea, p. 29 2844:, 29 December 1949, p. 4 2518:release, 8 November 2014 2420:Tismăneanu, pp. 124, 321 1806: 1690:"For the Victory" Medals 1684:, as well as the Soviet 1647:Socialist Czechoslovakia 1631:Front of Socialist Unity 817:Union of Communist Youth 755:Front of Socialist Unity 379:Front of Socialist Unity 348:Union of Communist Youth 325:Romanian Communist Party 303:Czech Socialist Republic 4141:Marea Adunare Națională 3451:, 12 January 1970, p. 1 3152:Niculescu-Mizil, p. 415 3036:, 28 January 1953, p. 1 3023:, 3 December 1952, p. 2 2925:, 28 January 1950, p. 1 2536:Tismăneanu, pp. 162–163 1901:, 17 October 1952, p. 3 1453:Chairmanship of the MAN 1426:Great National Assembly 1354:Chinese Communist Party 1305:a pro-Soviet government 1269:PMR propaganda for the 1112:Commissar and Inspector 1039:Communist International 790:Early career and trials 716:Great National Assembly 710:. Although promoted to 464:"For the Victory" Medal 191:Great National Assembly 4443:Romanian propagandists 4258: 4239:(Assembly of Deputies) 4234: 4140: 4116:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 4066:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 3966:Constantin Grădișteanu 3921:Constantin N. Brăiloiu 3847:(Assembly of Deputies) 3842: 2516:Agenția de presă RADOR 1682:Czechoslovak War Cross 1653:and met its chairman, 1602: 1477:Soviet Communist Party 1324:Valter Neuländer-Roman 1098:6th Combined Arms Army 1086:State Publishing House 950: 943:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 888:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 867:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 732:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 696:Romanian people's army 454:Czechoslovak War Cross 4563:Deaths from cirrhosis 4263:(Chamber of Deputies) 4209:Constantin Pîrvulescu 4164:Constantin Pârvulescu 3951:Constantin A. Rosetti 3936:Constantin A. Rosetti 3926:Constantin A. Rosetti 3788:, "Trei evadați", in 3612:Editura Enciclopedică 3546:supplement, Section F 3542:, 6–7 November 2004, 3369:, p. 364. Bucharest: 3293:Deletant, pp. 913–914 2999:Câmpeanu, pp. 170–171 2974:, p. 180. Bucharest: 2763:, Vol. 21, 2020, p. 4 2313:, p. 518. Bucharest: 1723:, and accompanied to 1597: 1567:democratic centralism 1377:socialist competition 1225:Northern Transylvania 1102:political directorate 1003:International Red Aid 928: 757:(in 1968) and of the 747:Deputy Prime Minister 700:Northern Transylvania 641:International Red Aid 547:Years of service 459:Order of the Red Star 138:Constantin Pîrvulescu 4483:CSA Steaua București 4235:Adunarea Deputaților 4219:Miron Constantinescu 3941:Dimitrie C. Brătianu 3843:Adunarea Deputaților 3720:Paul Niculescu-Mizil 3467:, 22 June 1999, p. 8 3432:Scînteia Tineretului 3343:, 11 June 1969, p. 7 3258:, 23 June 1966, p. 4 3076:Banu, p. 116; Dobre 3020:Scînteia Tineretului 2976:Editura Curtea Veche 2897:Banu, p. 116; Dobre 2879:Ionescu-Gură, p. 217 2866:Banu, p. 116; Dobre 2811:"Din Raportul Final 2772:Banu, p. 116; Dobre 2761:Soccer & Society 2508:Octavian Silvestru, 2371:, 18 June 1997, p. 5 2283:Vasilichi, pp. 21–22 2274:Vasilichi, pp. 20–21 2265:Vasilichi, pp. 18–19 2238:, 10 June 1934, p. 7 1898:Scînteia Tineretului 1705:hepatorenal syndrome 1576:Paul Niculescu-Mizil 1389:CSA Steaua București 1221:Royal Hungarian Army 1209:Romanian Land Forces 1118:Operation Barbarossa 1047:Alexandru Bârlădeanu 775:CSA Steaua București 692:Romanian Land Forces 538:Romanian Land Forces 19:For the writer, see 4061:Constantin Meissner 4041:Constantin Olănescu 3996:Constantin Olănescu 3751:Vladimir Tismăneanu 3539:Romániai Magyar Szó 3501:, 14 May 1971, p. 3 2949:Câmpeanu, pp. 96–97 2940:, 31 May 1951, p. 1 2747:, 7 June 1972, p. 2 1831:, 4 July 1934, p. 5 1639:March 1969 election 1624:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu 1581:cult of personality 1503:Ministry of Finance 1446:Ion Gheorghe Maurer 1287:Apărarea Patriotică 1285:Petrescu (left) at 1138:political commissar 1096:, specifically the 916:investigating phase 908:Vladimir Tismăneanu 805:Căile Ferate Române 739:Minister of Finance 680:political commissar 601:Gheorghe M. Dumitru 273:Gheorghe M. Dumitru 4533:Romanian defectors 4259:Camera Deputaților 4174:Alexandru Drăghici 4086:Petre P. Negulescu 3976:Gheorghe Rosnovanu 3931:George D. Vernescu 3906:Gheorghe Costaforu 3786:Gheorghe Vasilichi 3302:Tismăneanu, p. 125 2649:Șperlea, pp. 27–28 2148:Tismăneanu, p. 104 1996:, 7 September 2005 1637:in 1969. With the 1603: 1499:national-communist 1457:Alexandru Drăghici 1236:Battle of Debrecen 1190:lieutenant colonel 1159:Tudor Vladimirescu 951: 935:Gheorghe Vasilichi 871:Nicolae Goldberger 844:Gheorghe Vasilichi 708:Battle of Debrecen 684:lieutenant colonel 672:Tudor Vladimirescu 631:. Arrested by the 629:Gheorghe Vasilichi 580:Battle of Debrecen 507:Kingdom of Romania 450:, 2nd class (1949) 442:, 3rd class (1947) 392:Ecaterina Petrescu 283:Kingdom of Romania 172:Alexandru Drăghici 150:Alexandru Drăghici 4513:Romanian escapees 4448:Romanian printers 4335: 4334: 4184:Constantin Doncea 4076:Duiliu Zamfirescu 4016:Grigore Trandafil 4011:Ștefan C. Șendrea 3986:Petre S. Aurelian 3781:978-973-50-2238-9 3745:Dosarele Istoriei 3713:978-606-16-0520-0 3626:Dosarele Istoriei 3379:978-606-644-036-3 3089:Banu, pp. 116–117 3008:Levy, pp. 159–160 2910:Levy, pp. 102–103 2828:Banu, pp. 115–116 2610:Evenimentul Zilei 2558:Georgescu, p. 524 2323:978-973-645-440-0 2048:Jurnalul Național 1993:Jurnalul Național 1963:Erdélyi Magyarság 1746:national tricolor 1721:Florian Dănălache 1600:Central Committee 1438:Nicolae Ceaușescu 1397:ASA football club 1345:Central Committee 1336:brigadier general 1205:Battle of Romania 939:Constantin Doncea 920:Mihail Manoilescu 902:, and ultimately 848:Constantin Doncea 779:its football club 751:Nicolae Ceaușescu 720:Central Committee 625:Constantin Doncea 605:Gheorghe Petrescu 594: 593: 575:Battle of Romania 334:–1956; 1965–1969) 292:13 September 1969 183:Constantin Doncea 4575: 4297:Roberta Anastase 4261: 4237: 4199:Gheorghe Apostol 4189:Gheorghe Apostol 4179:Dumitru Petrescu 4169:Dumitru Petrescu 4154:Gheorghe Apostol 4143: 4133: 4121:Mihail Sadoveanu 4106:Ștefan Cicio Pop 4101:Dimitrie Pompeiu 4096:Ștefan Cicio Pop 4051:Mihail Pherekyde 4036:Mihail Pherekyde 4031:Basile M. Missir 4026:Mihail Pherekyde 4006:Mihail Pherekyde 3911:Nicolae Păcleanu 3845: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3800: 3799: 3724:O istorie trăită 3697:Adrian Cioroianu 3651:Gheorghe Onișoru 3601:Revista Istorică 3570:Cetatea Bihariei 3556: 3553: 3547: 3534: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3512:Tribuna Sibiului 3508: 3502: 3490: 3484: 3477: 3468: 3461: 3452: 3442: 3436: 3424: 3418: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3387: 3381: 3371:Adevărul Holding 3363: 3357: 3350: 3344: 3335: 3329: 3322: 3316: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3252: 3246: 3239: 3233: 3226: 3220: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3081: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3043: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2991: 2968:Adrian Cioroianu 2965: 2959: 2958:Câmpeanu, p. 171 2956: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2932: 2926: 2917: 2911: 2908: 2902: 2895: 2889: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2864: 2858: 2851: 2845: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2820: 2809: 2803: 2796: 2790: 2783: 2777: 2770: 2764: 2757: 2748: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2725:Gîju, pp. 97, 98 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2690: 2689:Deletant, p. 913 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2650: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2614: 2603: 2599: 2586: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2568: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2543: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2527:Câmpeanu, p. 170 2525: 2519: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2461: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2363: 2352: 2349: 2343: 2342:Vasilichi, p. 23 2340: 2334: 2333:Vasilichi, p. 23 2331: 2325: 2304: 2293: 2292:Vasilichi, p. 22 2290: 2284: 2281: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2248: 2245: 2239: 2227: 2221: 2218: 2212: 2209:Anale de Istorie 2204: 2198: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2140: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2084:Anale de Istorie 2080: 2074: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2040: 2036: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2003: 1997: 1986:Paula Mihailov, 1985: 1981: 1966: 1959: 1950: 1943: 1937: 1930: 1924: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1893: 1878: 1875: 1869: 1860: 1841: 1838: 1832: 1823: 1679: 1375:. He introduced 1350:Corneliu Mănescu 1282: 1266: 836:Great Depression 678:, emerging as a 633:Romanian Kingdom 609:Petrescu-Grivița 603:, also known as 597:Dumitru Petrescu 490:Military service 479:Petrescu-Grivița 426:sports executive 356: 353: 333: 330: 295: 264:Personal details 243: 222: 201: 179: 169: 160: 146: 134: 125: 104: 92: 83: 65: 42: 32:Dumitru Petrescu 28: 27: 21:Dimitrie Stelaru 4583: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4307:Florin Iordache 4264: 4262: 4252: 4240: 4238: 4228: 4204:Gheorghe Stoica 4159:Constantin Agiu 4146: 4144: 4134: 4125: 4111:Nicolae Săveanu 4091:Nicolae Săveanu 3991:Dimitrie Gianni 3961:Lascăr Catargiu 3891:Ion C. Brătianu 3881:Lascăr Catargiu 3848: 3846: 3836: 3827: 3797: 3791:Magazin Istoric 3597:Dennis Deletant 3564: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3535: 3531: 3522: 3518: 3509: 3505: 3491: 3487: 3478: 3471: 3462: 3455: 3443: 3439: 3425: 3421: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3388: 3384: 3364: 3360: 3351: 3347: 3336: 3332: 3323: 3319: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3279: 3275: 3266: 3262: 3256:Flacăra Iașului 3253: 3249: 3240: 3236: 3230:Viața Economică 3227: 3223: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3044: 3040: 3031: 3027: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2933: 2929: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2905: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2865: 2861: 2852: 2848: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2823: 2817:Revista Memoria 2810: 2806: 2797: 2793: 2787:Revista Memoria 2784: 2780: 2771: 2767: 2758: 2751: 2742: 2738: 2734:Gîju, pp. 98–99 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2680:Gîju, pp. 97–98 2679: 2675: 2666: 2662: 2658:Gîju, pp. 97–98 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2601: 2600: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2567:Duțu, pp. 30–31 2566: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2364: 2355: 2351:Câmpeanu, p. 96 2350: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2305: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2230:Alexandru Sahia 2228: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2205: 2201: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2081: 2077: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2051:, 12 April 2005 2038: 2037: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2004: 2000: 1983: 1982: 1969: 1960: 1953: 1944: 1940: 1931: 1927: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1894: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1861: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1824: 1813: 1809: 1789:Romanianization 1762:Sfîntu Gheorghe 1754: 1673: 1643:Libertății Park 1551:Constantin Agiu 1539: 1405: 1341:Dennis Deletant 1297: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1283: 1275: 1274: 1267: 1253:Nicolae Cambrea 1245:Hajdúböszörmény 1163:Mihail Maltopol 1155:Gheorghe Stoica 1114: 998: 984:Alexandru Sahia 875:Gheorghe Stoica 800:Romanian Police 792: 787: 613:Communist Party 586: 542: 516: 485: 468: 384: 354: 340: 339:Other political 331: 321:Political party 297: 293: 277: 275: 274: 254:Libertății Park 244: 239: 223: 218: 202: 197: 177: 167: 161: 156: 144: 132: 126: 121: 102: 90: 84: 79: 66: 61: 45: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4581: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4327:Marcel Ciolacu 4324: 4319: 4317:Marcel Ciolacu 4314: 4309: 4304: 4302:Valeriu Zgonea 4299: 4294: 4292:Bogdan Olteanu 4289: 4287:Adrian Năstase 4284: 4282:Valer Dorneanu 4279: 4277:Ion Diaconescu 4274: 4272:Adrian Năstase 4268: 4266: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4244: 4242: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4224:Nicolae Giosan 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4148: 4136: 4135: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4081:Mihail Orleanu 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3956:Dimitrie Lecca 3953: 3948: 3946:Dimitrie Lecca 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3916:Dimitrie Ghica 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3896:Costache Negri 3893: 3888: 3886:Anastasie Fătu 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3852: 3850: 3838: 3837: 3826: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3803: 3796: 3795: 3783: 3765: 3748: 3741: 3734: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3693: 3683: 3665: 3647: 3636: 3629: 3622: 3604: 3594: 3576:Pavel Câmpeanu 3573: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3557: 3548: 3529: 3516: 3503: 3485: 3469: 3453: 3437: 3419: 3404: 3395: 3382: 3358: 3345: 3330: 3317: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3273: 3260: 3247: 3234: 3221: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3181: 3172: 3163: 3161:Șperlea, p. 29 3154: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3118: 3109: 3100: 3091: 3082: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3038: 3025: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2960: 2951: 2942: 2927: 2912: 2903: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2859: 2846: 2830: 2821: 2804: 2791: 2778: 2765: 2749: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2660: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2622:Șperlea, p. 27 2615: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2560: 2551: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2469:Șperlea, p. 26 2462: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2391: 2382: 2373: 2353: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2315:Editura Vremea 2294: 2285: 2276: 2267: 2258: 2249: 2240: 2222: 2213: 2199: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2128: 2119: 2110: 2097: 2088: 2075: 2062: 2053: 2020: 2018:Șperlea, p. 26 2011: 1998: 1967: 1951: 1938: 1925: 1912: 1910:Șperlea, p. 26 1903: 1879: 1870: 1842: 1833: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1781:Vladimir Lenin 1773:Covasna County 1753: 1750: 1671:Order of Labor 1663:Gogu Rădulescu 1651:National Front 1620:Labor Ministry 1614:conference in 1538: 1535: 1527:Craiova Region 1473:Simion Bughici 1404: 1403:Political rise 1401: 1393:top-level spot 1365:Glasul Armatei 1332:Glasul Armatei 1319:éminence grise 1284: 1277: 1276: 1268: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1213:23 August coup 1113: 1110: 1082:Boris Stefanov 1066:Czechoslovakia 1035:Pavel Câmpeanu 997: 994: 945:. Also shown: 931:Craiova Prison 912:Doftana Prison 906:. Sociologist 860:Petre Gheorghe 854:. A report by 852:general strike 840:Grivița strike 791: 788: 786: 783: 645:Czechoslovakia 592: 591: 588: 587: 585: 584: 583: 582: 577: 568: 566: 562: 561: 556: 552: 551: 548: 544: 543: 541: 540: 535: 530: 524: 522: 521:Branch/service 518: 517: 515: 514: 509: 504: 498: 496: 492: 491: 487: 486: 484: 483: 480: 476: 474: 470: 469: 467: 466: 461: 456: 451: 447:Ordinul Muncii 443: 436: 434: 430: 429: 428: 427: 424: 421: 418: 415: 410: 406: 405: 400: 394: 393: 390: 386: 385: 383: 382: 376: 370: 364: 358: 344: 342: 336: 335: 322: 318: 317: 314: 310: 309: 296:(aged 63) 290: 286: 285: 272: 270: 266: 265: 261: 260: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 236: 235: 230: 226: 225: 215: 214: 209: 205: 204: 194: 193: 189:Member of the 186: 185: 180: 174: 173: 170: 164: 163: 153: 152: 147: 141: 140: 135: 129: 128: 118: 117: 111: 110: 105: 99: 98: 93: 87: 86: 76: 75: 69: 68: 58: 57: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4580: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4322:Ludovic Orban 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4312:Liviu Dragnea 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4260: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4236: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4214:Ștefan Voitec 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4071:Nicolae Iorga 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4056:Vasile Morțun 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3981:Gheorghe Manu 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3856:Nifon Rusailă 3854: 3853: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3824: 3819: 3817: 3812: 3810: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3771:. Bucharest: 3770: 3766: 3764: 3763:973-681-899-3 3760: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3735: 3733: 3732:973-45-0193-3 3729: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3681:0-520-22395-0 3678: 3674: 3670: 3667:Robert Levy, 3666: 3664: 3663:973-0-02533-9 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3621: 3620:973-45-0486-X 3617: 3613: 3610:. Bucharest: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3592:973-683-840-4 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3552: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3520: 3513: 3507: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3460: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3415: 3408: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3355: 3349: 3342: 3341: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3314: 3308: 3299: 3290: 3283: 3277: 3270: 3264: 3257: 3251: 3244: 3238: 3231: 3225: 3218: 3212: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3176: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3140: 3131: 3122: 3113: 3104: 3095: 3086: 3079: 3073: 3064: 3055: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3029: 3022: 3021: 3014: 3005: 2996: 2989: 2985: 2984:973-669-175-6 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2955: 2946: 2939: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2923: 2916: 2907: 2900: 2894: 2885: 2876: 2869: 2863: 2856: 2850: 2843: 2842: 2834: 2825: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2801: 2795: 2788: 2782: 2775: 2769: 2762: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2677: 2670: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2619: 2613:, 1 June 2018 2612: 2611: 2606: 2602:(in Romanian) 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2582: 2573: 2564: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2533: 2524: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2506:(in Romanian) 2502: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2459: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2417: 2408: 2401: 2395: 2386: 2377: 2370: 2369: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2348: 2339: 2330: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307:Petre Pandrea 2303: 2301: 2299: 2289: 2280: 2271: 2262: 2253: 2244: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2217: 2210: 2203: 2196: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2163: 2154: 2145: 2138: 2132: 2123: 2114: 2107: 2101: 2092: 2085: 2079: 2072: 2066: 2057: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2041:Ilarion Țiu, 2039:(in Romanian) 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2015: 2008: 2002: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984:(in Romanian) 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1964: 1958: 1956: 1948: 1942: 1935: 1929: 1922: 1916: 1907: 1900: 1899: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1874: 1867: 1866: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1837: 1830: 1829: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1791:of a largely 1790: 1786: 1785:Vasile Goldiș 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738:laid in state 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1717:Virgil Trofin 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1659:Emil Bodnăraș 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635:State Council 1632: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1607:rehabilitated 1605:Petrescu was 1601: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1585:Mihail Roller 1582: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1559:Bucur Șchiopu 1556: 1555:Mihai Levente 1552: 1548: 1544: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1512: 1511:Dumitru Coliu 1508: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1490: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1461:major general 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381:alpine skiing 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:People's Army 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1314:Victor Precup 1311: 1306: 1302: 1301:communisation 1292: 1288: 1281: 1272: 1265: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1198:Sovietization 1195: 1194:Mihail Lascăr 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182:Eastern Front 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149:by Petrescu, 1148: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:Ion Antonescu 1123: 1119: 1116:In mid 1941, 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1008: 1004: 993: 990: 985: 981: 980: 974: 972: 968: 967:Leipzig Trial 964: 963: 957: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 891: 889: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 820: 818: 814: 810: 809:Editura Socec 806: 801: 797: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 759:State Council 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712:major general 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 589: 581: 578: 576: 573: 572: 571:World War II 570: 569: 567: 563: 560: 559:Major general 557: 553: 549: 545: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 525: 523: 519: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 499: 497: 493: 488: 481: 478: 477: 475: 471: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 449: 448: 444: 441: 438: 437: 435: 431: 425: 423:civil servant 422: 419: 416: 413: 412: 411: 407: 404: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 349: 346: 345: 343: 337: 326: 323: 319: 315: 313:Resting place 311: 308: 304: 300: 291: 287: 284: 280: 271: 267: 262: 258: 255: 252: 248: 242: 237: 234: 231: 227: 221: 216: 213: 210: 206: 200: 195: 192: 187: 184: 181: 175: 171: 165: 159: 154: 151: 148: 142: 139: 136: 130: 124: 119: 116: 112: 109: 108:Manea Mănescu 106: 100: 97: 94: 88: 82: 77: 74: 70: 64: 59: 56: 52: 48: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 4178: 4168: 3901:Grigore Balș 3789: 3768: 3754: 3744: 3737: 3723: 3700: 3689: 3668: 3654: 3643: 3640:Ars longa... 3639: 3632: 3625: 3607: 3600: 3579: 3569: 3551: 3543: 3537: 3532: 3524: 3519: 3511: 3506: 3496: 3488: 3480: 3464: 3448: 3440: 3430: 3422: 3412: 3407: 3398: 3390: 3385: 3366: 3361: 3353: 3348: 3338: 3333: 3325: 3320: 3312: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3281: 3276: 3268: 3263: 3255: 3250: 3242: 3237: 3229: 3224: 3216: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3148: 3139: 3134:Banu, p. 118 3130: 3121: 3112: 3107:Banu, p. 116 3103: 3094: 3085: 3077: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3046: 3041: 3033: 3028: 3018: 3013: 3004: 2995: 2987: 2971: 2963: 2954: 2945: 2935: 2930: 2920: 2915: 2906: 2898: 2893: 2884: 2875: 2867: 2862: 2854: 2849: 2839: 2833: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2799: 2794: 2786: 2781: 2773: 2768: 2760: 2744: 2739: 2730: 2721: 2712: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2668: 2663: 2654: 2645: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2608: 2581: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2546: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2457: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2399: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2366: 2347: 2338: 2329: 2310: 2288: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2252: 2243: 2233: 2225: 2216: 2208: 2202: 2194: 2189: 2180: 2171: 2162: 2153: 2144: 2136: 2131: 2122: 2113: 2105: 2100: 2091: 2083: 2078: 2070: 2065: 2056: 2046: 2014: 2006: 2001: 1991: 1962: 1946: 1941: 1933: 1928: 1920: 1915: 1906: 1896: 1873: 1863: 1836: 1826: 1797:Ferenc Gödri 1766: 1755: 1697:Karlovy Vary 1694: 1628: 1604: 1572: 1563:munca de jos 1562: 1540: 1516: 1495: 1491: 1486:nomenklatura 1484: 1469:Leonte Răutu 1450: 1442:Vasile Vaida 1406: 1372: 1364: 1362: 1331: 1328: 1317: 1298: 1291:Vasile Vaida 1233: 1202: 1179: 1170: 1136:(DTV), as a 1130:Graiul Liber 1129: 1115: 1090:Radio Moscow 1063: 1043:Soviet Union 1033:Sociologist 1032: 1028: 1011: 999: 989:cold weapons 977: 975: 971:Nazi Germany 960: 952: 947:Chivu Stoica 937:, Petrescu, 892: 883:Chivu Stoica 864: 833: 821: 793: 767:Karlovy Vary 736: 661: 649:Soviet Union 608: 604: 600: 596: 595: 565:Battles/wars 502:Soviet Union 445: 420:propagandist 341:affiliations 299:Karlovy Vary 294:(1969-09-13) 250:Constituency 240: 229:Constituency 219: 208:Constituency 198: 178:Succeeded by 157: 145:Succeeded by 122: 103:Succeeded by 80: 62: 25: 4353:1969 deaths 4348:1906 births 4248:Marțian Dan 3638:Dan Gîju, " 3555:Gîju, p. 99 3481:Európai Idő 3402:Gîju, p. 97 3098:Gîju, p. 99 2716:Gîju, p. 98 2698:Duțu, p. 33 2585:Duțu, p. 31 2576:Duțu, p. 31 2487:Levy, p. 69 2478:Duțu, p. 30 2447:Gîju, p. 97 2429:Gîju, p. 97 2411:Gîju, p. 97 2380:Oane, p. 71 1877:Gîju, p. 97 1840:Gîju, p. 97 1801:Aurel Lazăr 1729:Evžen Erban 1674: [ 1507:Vasile Luca 1430:Gorj County 1167:Iacob Teclu 1147:Krasnogorsk 1122:Axis Powers 1106:Great Purge 1059:Ocnele Mari 956:Vasile Luca 743:Vasile Luca 414:Metalworker 381:(1968–1969) 375:(1948–1952) 369:(1928–1930) 363:(1927–1928) 355: 1922 332: 1932 276:10 May 1906 212:Gorj County 168:Preceded by 133:Preceded by 96:Vasile Luca 91:Preceded by 4408:Commissars 4342:Categories 4265:since 1992 4194:Ion Vincze 3830:Presidents 3562:References 3047:Ifjúmunkás 3034:Ifjúmunkás 1731:and other 1171:Graiul Nou 1151:Ana Pauker 1007:chloroform 664:Ana Pauker 495:Allegiance 409:Occupation 398:Alma mater 4241:1990–1992 4147:1948–1989 3849:1862–1947 3775:, 2008. 3773:Humanitas 3707:, 2014. 3675:, 2001. 3614:, 2004. 3586:, 2002. 3465:Háromszék 3373:, 2013. 2978:, 2005. 2937:Universul 2317:, 2011. 1828:Universul 1777:Karl Marx 1736:body was 1709:cirrhosis 1655:Jan Pauly 1547:Politburo 1519:Tîrgu Jiu 1385:bobsleigh 1249:fake news 1217:Wehrmacht 1084:) or the 1051:Siguranța 900:Văcărești 879:Herăstrău 856:Siguranța 796:Bucharest 785:Biography 771:Politburo 763:cirrhosis 550:1943–1949 473:Nicknames 279:Bucharest 241:In office 233:Tîrgu Jiu 220:In office 199:In office 158:In office 123:In office 81:In office 63:In office 3582:. Iași: 3493:Agerpres 3445:Agerpres 3427:Agerpres 3414:Scînteia 3393:, p. 468 3340:Scînteia 3328:, p. 468 3315:, p. 468 3284:, p. 468 3271:, p. 468 3245:, p. 468 2922:Scînteia 2857:, p. 468 2841:Adevărul 2802:, p. 468 2402:, p. 468 2368:Adevărul 2235:Adevărul 2009:, p. 467 1949:, p. 467 1936:, p. 467 1923:, p. 467 1865:Scînteia 1686:Red Star 1531:Giulești 1395:for the 1240:Debrecen 1219:and the 1175:red star 1094:Red Army 1015:syphilis 979:Adevărul 962:Scânteia 894:prisons— 718:and the 668:Red Army 482:Petrusin 3832:of the 3699:(ed.), 3653:(ed.), 3584:Polirom 3544:Színkép 2745:Sportul 1793:Székely 1740:at the 1589:Titoism 1481:Orgburo 1420:on the 1024:Băneasa 904:Craiova 777:and of 704:Hungary 637:Craiova 617:Grivița 417:soldier 3779: 3761: 3730: 3711: 3679: 3661: 3644:Litere 3618: 3590: 3389:Dobre 3377: 3324:Dobre 3311:Dobre 3280:Dobre 3267:Dobre 3241:Dobre 3215:Dobre 2982: 2853:Dobre 2815:", in 2798:Dobre 2667:Dobre 2545:Dobre 2456:Dobre 2398:Dobre 2321: 2135:Dobre 2104:Dobre 2005:Dobre 1945:Dobre 1932:Dobre 1919:Dobre 1760:, and 1758:Oradea 1752:Legacy 1713:Prague 1661:, and 1616:Geneva 1373:Armata 1310:Breaza 1153:, and 1080:(with 1055:Galați 1022:rural 896:Jilava 657:Moscow 433:Awards 389:Spouse 3498:Munca 3391:et al 3354:et al 3326:et al 3313:et al 3282:et al 3269:et al 3243:et al 3217:et al 3078:et al 2988:et al 2899:et al 2868:et al 2855:et al 2800:et al 2774:et al 2669:et al 2607:, in 2547:et al 2458:et al 2400:et al 2195:et al 2137:et al 2106:et al 2045:, in 2007:et al 1990:, in 1947:et al 1934:et al 1921:et al 1807:Notes 1678:] 1229:Holod 813:lathe 3777:ISBN 3759:ISBN 3728:ISBN 3709:ISBN 3677:ISBN 3659:ISBN 3616:ISBN 3588:ISBN 3375:ISBN 2980:ISBN 2319:ISBN 1779:and 1719:and 1703:and 1688:and 1165:and 1074:NKVD 873:and 846:and 702:and 682:and 674:and 627:and 607:and 555:Rank 289:Died 269:Born 1727:by 1715:by 1223:in 1100:'s 1019:lei 969:in 670:'s 655:in 4344:: 3753:, 3722:, 3578:, 3472:^ 3456:^ 2970:, 2752:^ 2590:^ 2514:, 2356:^ 2309:, 2297:^ 2023:^ 1970:^ 1954:^ 1882:^ 1845:^ 1814:^ 1676:ro 1591:. 1557:, 1553:, 1471:, 1440:, 1399:. 1383:, 1255:. 1026:. 973:. 941:, 898:, 869:, 781:. 659:. 352:c. 329:c. 305:, 301:, 281:, 3822:e 3815:t 3808:v 357:) 350:( 327:( 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index