338:(PNȚ) would have won a comprehensive victory had the Groza government allowed an honest election. Indeed, the opposition long claimed it would have won as much as 80 percent of the vote had the election been conducted fairly. Later, historian Petre Ţurlea reviewed a confidential Communist Party report about the election that showed the Bloc of Democratic Parties had actually won at most 48 percent of the vote. He concluded that the PNȚ and the opposition parties likely came up well short of the landslide they had long claimed, but they would have still won enough votes between them in an honest election to form a coalition government.
36:
365:, the Front, and through it, the PMR consolidated its grip on the country. The Front won 93.2 percent of the vote and all but nine seats in the legislature, with only rump liberal and peasant parties as opposition. Within the Front, the PMR and its allies won 201 seats (190 for the PMR and 11 for its affiliates), just short of a majority in its own right. This proved to be the last time that opposition parties were allowed to take part in an election during the Communist era, though Romania had effectively been a one-party state since Michael's abdication.
842:
575:
539:
503:
467:
618:
611:
583:
547:
511:
475:
345:
to abdicate and used their legislative supermajority to abolish the monarchy and declare
Romania a "people's republic". In early 1948, the Social Democrats merged with the Communists to form the Romanian Workers' Party (PMR). At a PMR congress held in February 1948, the FND was converted into the
748:
Petre Ţurlea, "Alegerile parlamentare din noiembrie '46: guvernul procomunist joacă şi câştigă. Ilegalităţi flagrante, rezultat viciat" ("The
Parliamentary Elections of November '46: the Pro-Communist Government Plays and Wins. Blatant Unlawfulness, Tampered Result"),
384:, voters were presented with a single list of FDP candidates. While voters could reject the list or spoil their ballots, few did so; official figures gave the FDP 99 percent or more of the vote on each occasion. In 1968, the FDP was replaced by the
354:" as a condition of their continued existence. However, Groza, the leader of one of those minor parties, the Ploughmen's Front, remained prime minister until 1952, five years after the onset of Communist rule, when he handed the post to PMR leader
1340:
1648:
1558:
1188:
60:
1643:
1522:
1913:
823:
48:
907:
292:(PCR). It formed the government of Romania from 1946 to 1968, and from 1948 onward was effectively the only legal political organization in the country.
1345:
1898:
1537:
902:
1325:
1320:
872:
801:
912:
1888:
1492:
1350:
635:
309:
1770:
1446:
1153:
887:
877:
655:
1918:
1862:
1638:
1563:
1209:
927:
1903:
1183:
639:
324:, which officially won 69.8 percent of the vote and 347 of the 414 seats in Parliament, "confirming" the government of pro-Communist
1709:
1699:
1416:
1335:
1244:
1239:
816:
1893:
1573:
1426:
882:
1775:
1663:
1568:
1421:
1310:
1168:
1112:
947:
892:
733:
703:
385:
104:
1178:
1173:
1588:
862:
784:
1411:
1234:
867:
832:
591:
555:
519:
483:
447:
248:
350:" in the Soviet bloc. The member parties became completely subservient to the PMR and were required to accept the PMR's "
1795:
1360:
1330:
1280:
1224:
1018:
897:
809:
761:
1583:
1532:
1375:
1295:
997:
857:
381:
377:
373:
369:
362:
1908:
1830:
1825:
1623:
1512:
967:
831:
1719:
1714:
1694:
1689:
1476:
1380:
1117:
937:
679:
651:
1275:
1370:
1073:
1820:
1765:
1684:
1406:
932:
419:
317:
72:
1724:
1593:
1214:
1132:
982:
977:
972:
1163:
1613:
1471:
1451:
1158:
121:
1740:
1618:
1603:
1598:
1456:
1441:
687:
683:
335:
1790:
1760:
1466:
1365:
1300:
1285:
1229:
1048:
1038:
671:
737:
1608:
1517:
1396:
1355:
1127:
1068:
1058:
1013:
992:
987:
952:
922:
325:
1658:
1527:
1507:
1315:
1305:
1122:
659:
647:
289:
1800:
1436:
1249:
1815:
1668:
1633:
1628:
1578:
1497:
1254:
1033:
355:
52:
1785:
1780:
1755:
1290:
1270:
1078:
1053:
1028:
1023:
163:
155:
68:
35:
1835:
1750:
1704:
1461:
1431:
1401:
1137:
675:
643:
313:
253:
180:
159:
8:
1867:
243:
957:
917:
342:
285:
277:
175:
135:
126:
1810:
942:
780:
269:
184:
1745:
151:
143:
76:
1857:
229:
1063:
1542:
962:
351:
1882:
1653:
772:
347:
1083:
168:
43:
758:
722:
1204:
1043:
334:
After the collapse of
Communism, some authors argued that the opposition
328:
56:
1502:
64:
316:(FP) and other Communist-affiliated organisations. In the fraudulent
147:
139:
114:
341:
The
Communists seized full power in December 1947, when they pushed
1840:
1219:
841:
836:
221:
217:
200:
225:
308:) in October 1944, and was an alliance of the PCR, the
1644:
National Italo-Romanian
Cultural and Economic Movement
1523:
National Italo-Romanian
Cultural and Economic Movement
346:
FDP. It quickly took on a character similar to other "
1880:
913:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
288:in Romania from 1944 to 1968, dominated by the
873:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
817:
690:5, and 11 independents affiliated to the PMR.
1914:Defunct political party alliances in Romania
1771:Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania
1326:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)
1321:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)
888:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
878:Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania
1639:National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party
1564:Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania
928:Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party
824:
810:
759:Romania: Elimination of Opposition Parties
34:
658:20, and 8 independents affiliated to the
1899:Political parties disestablished in 1968
1695:Union of Patriots/National Popular Party
908:Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars
1881:
1776:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
903:Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs
893:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
704:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
1889:Political parties established in 1944
1589:General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania
1447:National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu
1096:
805:
656:National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu
777:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
1796:National Liberal Ecologist Alliance
1341:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina
1331:Romanian Socialist Democratic Party
1281:Democratic National Salvation Front
1225:National Democratic Christian Party
1019:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
948:Renewing Romania's European Project
795:Cristian Preda - "Rumânii fericiţi"
762:Library of Congress Country Studies
391:
13:
1919:Popular fronts of communist states
1154:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
14:
1930:
1904:1968 disestablishments in Romania
1826:Social Democratic Pole of Romania
1513:National-Christian Defense League
766:
723:Romania: Postwar Romania, 1944-85
320:the front formed the core of the
1690:Ecologist Union of Romania Party
1427:Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere
1361:Social Protection People's Party
1351:Social Democratic Workers' Party
1184:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu
868:Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania
840:
640:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu
636:Romanian Social Democratic Party
616:
609:
581:
574:
573:
545:
538:
537:
509:
502:
501:
473:
466:
465:
310:Romanian Social Democratic Party
300:The alliance was created as the
1422:Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu
1371:Socialist Party of Transylvania
1311:People's Party – Dan Diaconescu
1179:National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu
1174:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
1894:1944 establishments in Romania
1821:Romanian Democratic Convention
1766:Democratic Group of the Centre
1624:Jewish National People's Party
1245:Progressive Conservative Party
789:
752:
742:
727:
716:
665:
629:
617:
610:
582:
546:
510:
474:
306:Frontul Național Democrat, FND
88:(as National Democratic Front)
16:Political party in Romania
1:
1710:Party of Young Free Democrats
1700:National Reconstruction Party
1594:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
1477:Transylvanian Peasants' Party
1276:Communist Party (Nepeceriști)
1215:Conservative-Democratic Party
1133:Romanian National Unity Party
973:Social Liberal Humanist Party
709:
1720:Republican Party (1990–1993)
1715:Republican Party (1993–2004)
1574:Democratic Union of the Roma
1159:Free and Independent Faction
1113:Democratic Nationalist Party
883:Cultural Union of Ruthenians
274:Frontul Democrației Populare
27:Frontul Democrației Populare
7:
1741:Alliance for Romanian Unity
1619:Jewish Democratic Committee
1569:Cultural Union of Albanians
1407:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
1097:
775:& Philip Stöver (2010)
697:
688:Jewish Democratic Committee
282:Országos Demokrata Arcvonal
10:
1935:
1791:Justice and Truth Alliance
1761:Christian Liberal Alliance
1417:Democratic Peasants' Party
1301:Party of Social Solidarity
1286:Democratic Party of Labour
1240:People's Party (2005–2006)
1230:National Renaissance Front
863:Association of Macedonians
674:and affiliates 190 seats,
322:Bloc of Democratic Parties
295:
1863:List of political parties
1853:
1806:People's Democratic Front
1733:
1725:Transylvania–Banat League
1677:
1551:
1518:National Fascist Movement
1485:
1472:Socialist Peasants' Party
1412:Democratic Agrarian Party
1389:
1356:Socialist Party of Labour
1263:
1235:People's Party (1918–1938
1197:
1146:
1128:National Union from Banat
1105:
1092:
1069:Romanian Nationhood Party
1059:National Rebirth Alliance
1014:Alliance for the Homeland
1006:
953:Romanian Nationhood Party
850:
302:National Democratic Front
266:People's Democratic Front
239:
190:
174:
120:
110:
100:
92:
82:
73:Gheorghe Vlădescu-Răcoasa
42:
33:
24:People's Democratic Front
21:
1909:Romanian Communist Party
1664:Ukrainian Workers' Party
1659:Ukrainian National Party
1604:Hungarian People's Union
1599:Hungarian People's Party
1559:Autonomous Swabian Party
1533:National Socialist Party
1528:National Romanian Fascio
1508:National Christian Party
1442:National Peasants' Party
1336:Romanian Socialist Party
1316:Romanian Communist Party
1296:National Salvation Front
1074:Romanian Socialist Party
898:Democratic Turkish Union
684:Hungarian People's Union
648:Romanian Communist Party
386:Front of Socialist Unity
336:National Peasants' Party
290:Romanian Communist Party
105:Front of Socialist Unity
1831:Social Democratic Union
1467:Radical Peasants' Party
1437:National Agrarian Party
1376:Socialist Workers Party
1346:Social Democratic Party
1250:Romanian National Party
1039:People's Movement Party
998:Union of the Ukrainians
968:Social Democratic Party
858:Association of Italians
738:Encyclopædia Britannica
176:Political position
1816:Right Romania Alliance
1801:National Union PSD+PUR
1669:Union of Romanian Jews
1649:People's Council Party
1498:Crusade of Romanianism
1381:United Socialist Party
1169:National Liberal Party
1164:Liberal Union–Brătianu
1118:Democratic Union Party
1034:Nation People Together
938:National Liberal Party
680:National Popular Party
672:Romanian Workers Party
652:National Popular Party
356:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
281:
273:
53:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
1786:Hungarian German Bloc
1781:Green Ecologist Party
1756:Centre Right Alliance
1584:German People's Party
1306:Peasant Workers' Bloc
1271:Banat Socialist Party
1079:The Right Alternative
1054:Greater Romania Party
1024:Greater Romania Party
164:Hungarian nationalism
156:Left-wing nationalism
1836:Social Liberal Union
1751:Centre Left Alliance
1705:Party of Free Change
1457:Peasants' Party–Lupu
1432:League Against Usury
1402:Agrarian Union Party
1220:Constitutional Party
1138:United Romania Party
368:In the elections of
363:March 1948 elections
160:Romanian nationalism
1868:Politics of Romania
1685:Ecological Movement
933:League of Albanians
244:Politics of Romania
1210:Conservative Party
1007:Extraparliamentary
983:Union of Croatians
978:Union of Armenians
958:Save Romania Union
918:Force of the Right
286:electoral alliance
136:Agrarian socialism
127:Left-wing populism
49:Anton Alexandrescu
1876:
1875:
1849:
1848:
1811:Red Quadrilateral
1614:Italian Community
1462:Ploughmen's Front
1255:Vlad Țepeș League
943:Party of the Roma
833:Political parties
785:978-3-8329-5609-7
676:Ploughmen's Front
644:Ploughmen's Front
625:
624:
314:Ploughmen's Front
262:
261:
249:Political parties
131:Internal factions
101:Succeeded by
1926:
1100:
1094:
1093:
845:
844:
826:
819:
812:
803:
802:
796:
793:
787:
770:
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691:
669:
663:
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620:
619:
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605:
585:
584:
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576:
569:
549:
548:
541:
540:
533:
513:
512:
505:
504:
497:
477:
476:
469:
468:
461:
433:
396:
395:
392:Election results
216:
213:
210:
205:
199:
152:Social democracy
144:Marxism-Leninism
69:Lothar Rădăceanu
38:
19:
18:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1858:Portal:Politics
1845:
1746:Alliance PSD+PC
1729:
1673:
1609:Hungarian Union
1552:Ethnic minority
1547:
1538:Romanian Action
1481:
1452:Peasants' Party
1397:Agrarian League
1385:
1366:Socialist Party
1259:
1193:
1142:
1101:
1098:
1088:
1049:Ecologist Party
1002:
846:
839:
830:
800:
799:
794:
790:
771:
767:
757:
753:
747:
743:
732:
728:
721:
717:
712:
700:
695:
694:
670:
666:
634:
630:
606:
603:
570:
567:
534:
531:
498:
495:
462:
459:
434:
431:
394:
348:national fronts
298:
258:
235:
214:
211:
208:
203:
197:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
87:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
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1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
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1748:
1743:
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1707:
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1681:
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1674:
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1666:
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1641:
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1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1543:Romanian Front
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1483:
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1474:
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1449:
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1387:
1386:
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1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
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1303:
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1265:
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1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1123:National Party
1120:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
993:Union of Serbs
990:
988:Union of Poles
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
963:S.O.S. Romania
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
923:Hellenic Union
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
854:
852:
848:
847:
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828:
821:
814:
806:
798:
797:
788:
779:, pp1604–1610
765:
751:
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390:
326:Prime Minister
318:1946 elections
297:
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1654:Swabian Group
1652:
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1218:
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1200:
1196:
1190:
1189:Radical Party
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
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1129:
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986:
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926:
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904:
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886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
851:Parliamentary
849:
843:
838:
834:
827:
822:
820:
815:
813:
808:
807:
804:
792:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:Dieter Nohlen
769:
763:
760:
755:
749:p. 35–36
745:
739:
735:
730:
724:
719:
715:
705:
702:
701:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
628:
615:
608:
601:
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572:
565:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
544:
536:
529:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
508:
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493:
490:
487:
485:
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472:
464:
457:
454:
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449:
446:
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441:
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436:
429:
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398:
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389:
387:
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379:
375:
371:
366:
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332:
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319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
238:
231:
230:Romanian flag
227:
223:
219:
207:
202:
196:
195:
193:
189:
186:
182:
179:
177:
173:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
85:
81:
78:
77:Ștefan Voitec
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:Gyárfás Kurkó
58:
54:
50:
47:
45:
41:
37:
32:
20:
1805:
1634:Magyar Party
1629:Jewish Party
1579:German Party
1493:Citizen Bloc
1198:Conservative
1084:Volt Romania
1064:Noua Dreaptă
791:
776:
768:
754:
744:
729:
718:
667:
631:
437:
367:
360:
352:leading role
343:King Michael
340:
333:
321:
312:(PSDR), the
305:
301:
299:
265:
263:
169:Anti-Zionism
130:
111:Headquarters
86:October 1944
1291:Labor Party
1205:Civic Force
1106:Nationalist
1044:PRO Romania
1029:Green Party
596:12,834,862
560:12,388,787
524:11,424,521
488:10,187,833
329:Petru Groza
204:(customary)
181:Centre-left
57:Petru Groza
1883:Categories
1503:Iron Guard
710:References
638:81 seats,
452:6,959,936
424:4,773,689
331:in power.
65:M. H. Maxy
1734:Alliances
1486:Far-right
1264:Left-wing
604:465 / 465
568:465 / 465
532:437 / 437
496:428 / 428
460:405 / 414
432:347 / 414
414:Position
399:Election
284:) was an
278:Hungarian
254:Elections
148:Stalinism
140:Communism
115:Bucharest
93:Dissolved
1841:USR PLUS
1390:Agrarian
698:See also
270:Romanian
185:far-left
122:Ideology
1147:Liberal
1099:Defunct
837:Romania
734:Romania
361:In the
296:History
276:, FDP,
191:Colours
83:Founded
783:
408:Seats
402:Votes
222:Yellow
215:
212:
209:
198:
44:Leader
1678:Other
678:126,
599:99.9
563:99.8
527:99.0
455:93.2
427:69.8
781:ISBN
686:30,
682:43,
654:26,
650:68,
646:70,
642:75,
621:1st
592:1965
586:1st
556:1961
550:1st
520:1957
514:1st
491:100
484:1952
478:1st
448:1948
442:1st
420:1946
411:+/–
382:1965
380:and
378:1961
374:1957
370:1952
264:The
218:Blue
201:Blue
96:1968
835:in
736:at
660:PCR
578:28
506:23
470:58
438:New
226:Red
183:to
1885::
542:9
405:%
388:.
376:,
372:,
358:.
280::
272::
224:,
220:,
825:e
818:t
811:v
662:.
304:(
268:(
232:)
228:(
166:)
133::
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