Duel - Knowledge

3807:"A French lawyer and a schoolteacher fought a duel today in a meadow near Paris. Roger Nordmann the schoolteacher was reportedly pricked by the lawyer Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour's sword and the duel ended with everyone's honor intact. The feud started three weeks ago when Tixier-Vignancour challenged Nordmann to a duel with pistols after he said Nordmann insulted him during a treason trial; Nordmann accepted the challenge but said he had never fired anything more potent than a water pistol. He then chose two of his prettiest girl students, as seconds. The lawyer objected on the grounds that a second must be ready to take his principal's place and he could not lift his hand against a woman. The weapons and the seconds were properly arranged after weeks of negotiations. The duelists went into hiding from newspapermen and police, since dueling is illegal. Only their seconds knew the time and place of combat." 1271:

Grounds for refusing the challenge could include that it was frivolous, or that the challenger was not generally recognized as a "gentleman" since dueling was limited to persons of equal social status. However, care had to be taken before declining a challenge, as it could result in accusations of cowardice or be perceived as an insult to the challenger's seconds if it was implied that they were acting on behalf of someone of low social standing. Participation in a duel could be honorably refused on account of a major difference in age between the parties and, to a lesser extent, in cases of social inferiority on the part of the challenger. Such inferiority had to be immediately obvious, however. As author

2288: 242: 1776: 1922: 2183:, and it was the only legal manner in which "murder" could be committed. After fixing a day for the duel and getting permission from the king or minister, the duellists would arrive at the appointed field "with great pleasure". Duelists would wear no armor and were bare from the waist up. From the waist down they wore cotton cloth tightly round with many folds. The weapons used for dueling were swords, shields and daggers which the king would appoint them of equal length. Judges decided what rewards would be given to duelists; the winner may even acquire the loser's estate. 1291:

considered as satisfying honor. In pistol duels, the number of shots to be permitted and the range were set out. Care was taken by the seconds to ensure the ground chosen gave no unfair advantage to either party. A doctor or surgeon was usually arranged to be on hand. Other things often arranged by the seconds could go into minute details that might seem odd in the modern world, such as the dress code (duels were often formal affairs), the number and names of any other witnesses to be present and whether or not refreshments would be served.

1933: 97: 523: 1410:("at pleasure"); it did not have a set shooting distance. The two duelists began some distance apart. Between them there were two lines on the ground separated by an agreed distance – this constituted the barrier and they were forbidden to cross it. After the signal to begin, they could advance towards the barrier to close the distance and were permitted to fire at any time. However, the one that shot first was required to stand still and allow his opponent to walk right up to his barrier line and fire back at leisure. 2195:

death, and usually ended once first blood has been drawn. However, the victor was still expected to behead the loser. Either before the duel or before the beheading, the fighters would share the meals and wine prepared by their wives. If it had been so requested beforehand, the loser's body may be cremated. Heads were taken as trophies, as was custom among the headhunters of northeast India. Various taboos existed such as not killing an opponent who runs, begs or cries out of fear, or anyone who pleads for protection.

257: 670: 1373: 230: 2267:. The challenger stands with a loosened sarong around him and respectfully invites the other man to step into the sarong. The sarong itself is kept taut around both their waists. When both men are inside, an agreement to fight til death and thereafter shall be no hereditary grudge nor will any party be allowed to question the duel, shall be made. If both fighters agree, they then engage each other within the confined space of a single sarong. Unlike the more typical 1162: 7049: 300:. In medieval society, judicial duels were fought by knights and squires to end various disputes. Countries such as France, Germany, England, and Ireland practiced this tradition. Judicial combat took two forms in medieval society, the feat of arms and chivalric combat. The feat of arms was used to settle hostilities between two large parties and supervised by a judge. The battle was fought as a result of a slight or challenge to one party's 762: 1867:. After the turn of the 19th century, when repeating handguns became more widely available, use of the facón as a close-combat weapon declined. Among the gauchos, many continued to wear the knife, though mostly as a tool. However, it was occasionally still used to settle arguments "of honor". In these situations two adversaries would attack with slashing attacks to the face, stopping when one could no longer see clearly through the blood. 7059: 5541: 1035:, but was also widely seen as an anachronism. Military establishments in most countries frowned on dueling because officers were the main contestants. Officers were often trained at military academies at government expense; when officers killed or disabled one another it imposed an unnecessary financial and leadership strain on a military organization, making dueling unpopular with high-ranking officers. 391: 2149:, literally meaning "combat charity". According to this practice when a warrior felt he did not have much time to live, he would go along with a few attendants and ask another king for a duel or a small scale battle. In this way he chooses his own time and manner of death and is assured that he will die fighting. Duels to the death were legal in some periods, and punishable by execution in others. 43: 3428: 1214:, duels had become rare even in France, and those that still occurred were covered in the press as eccentricities. Duels in France in this period, while still taken seriously as a matter of honor, were not fought to the death. They consisted of fencing with the épée mostly in a fixed distance with the aim of drawing blood from the opponent's arm. 2218:. These duels were conducted in order to settle disputes between nobles, chieftains or rulers. Each side used to engage warriors to fight for them in combat at a fixed location and time. Both nobles would be represented by a Chekavar. These duels were usually fought to death, and the ruler whose Chekavar survived was considered as the winner. 599:, but generally the courts were very lax in applying the law, as they were sympathetic to the culture of honor. Despite being a criminal act, military officers in many countries could be punished if they failed to fight a duel when the occasion called for it. In 1814, a British officer was court-martialed, 1306:

The chief criteria for choosing the field of honor were isolation, to avoid discovery and interruption by the authorities; and jurisdictional ambiguity, to avoid legal consequences. Islands in rivers dividing two jurisdictions were popular dueling sites; the cliffs below Weehawken on the Hudson River

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Once a challenge was accepted, if not done already, both parties (known as "principals") would appoint trusted representatives to act as their seconds with no further direct communication between the principals being allowed until the dispute was settled. The seconds had a number of responsibilities,

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which details the ethics of dueling. When a fighter was challenged, the day for the bout would be fixed to allow for time to prepare the weapons. Allowing the opponent the first chance to fire an arrow or hurl a spear was considered particularly courageous. The duel itself was not necessarily to the

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in the 19th century, there was a practice of formalized fighting between men over points of honor. Knives were the weapons used in such fights. They would begin with an exchange of sexually related insults in a public place such as a tavern, and the men would fight with the intention of slashing the

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which could not be resolved by a court. Weapons were standardized and typical of a knight's armoury, for example longswords, polearms etc.; however, weapon quality and augmentations were at the discretion of the knight, for example, a spiked hand guard or an extra grip for half-swording. The parties

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Duels with the bolo knife were prominent in North and Central Philippines, common in farmlands where the machete-like bolo is commonly used as a domestic tool. A duel reported internationally occurred on 14 April 1920 by Prescott Journal Miner which was known as "The First Bolo Duel in Manila since

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Fight, as aforesaid and upon Conviction thereof suffer the Pains of Death, as is by Law provided for wilful Murder, the Body of such Person, shall not be allowed Christian Burial, but be buried without a Coffin, with a Stake driven Through the Body, at or near the Place of Execution, as aforesaid."

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Dueling, however, continued to spread out from the court, notably into the army. In the mid-17th century it was for a time checked by the activities of the Parliamentarians whose Articles of War specified the death penalty for would-be duelists. Nevertheless, dueling survived and increased markedly

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In the case of pistol duels, each party would fire one shot. If neither man was hit and if the challenger stated that he was satisfied, the duel would be declared over. If the challenger was not satisfied, a pistol duel could continue until one man was wounded or killed, but to have more than three

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For some time before the mid-18th century, swordsmen dueling at dawn often carried lanterns to see each other. This happened so regularly that fencing manuals integrated lanterns into their lessons. An example of this is using the lantern to parry blows and blind the opponent. The manuals sometimes

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occurred were a popular field of honor for New York duelists because of the uncertainty of whether New York or New Jersey had jurisdiction. Duels traditionally took place at dawn, when the poor light would make the participants less likely to be seen, and to force an interval for reconsideration or

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killed John D'Esterre in a duel in February 1815. O'Connel offered D'Esterre's widow a pension equal to the amount her husband had been earning at the time, but the Corporation of Dublin, of which D'Esterre had been a member, rejected O'Connell's offer and voted the promised sum to D'Esterre's wife

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As early as 1728, some US states began to restrict or prohibit the practice. The penalty established upon conviction of killing another person in a duel in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in its 1728 law to punish and prevent dueling stated "In Case any Person shall slay or kill any other in Duel or

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It was the job of the seconds to make all of the arrangements in advance, including how long the duel would last and what conditions would end the duel. Often sword duels were only fought until blood was drawn, thus severely limiting the likelihood of death or grave injury since a scratch could be

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were crafted for the wealthiest of noblemen for this purpose. Also, the office of 'second' developed into 'seconds' or 'friends' being chosen by the aggrieved parties to conduct their honor dispute. These friends would attempt to resolve a dispute upon terms acceptable to both parties and, should

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Practices varied, however, but unless the challenger was of a higher social standing, such as a baron or prince challenging a knight, the person being challenged was allowed to decide the time and weapons used in the duel. The offended party could stop the duel at any time if he deemed his honor

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hog drivers. Second, because of this congruence between upper and lower concepts of honor, dueling was not at all undemocratic. It enabled lesser men to enter, however imperfectly, the ranks of leaders, and allowed followers to manipulate leaders to their taste. Third, the promise of esteem and

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In the event that the seconds failed to persuade their principals to avoid a fight, they then attempted to agree on terms for the duel that would limit the chance of a fatal outcome, consistent with the generally accepted guidelines for affairs of honor. The exact rules or etiquette for dueling

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In Poland, duels have been known since the Middle Ages. The best known Polish code was written as late as 1919 by Władysław Boziewicz. At this time duels were already forbidden in Poland, but the "Polish Honorary Code" was quite widely in use. Punishments for participation in duels were rather

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There were various methods of pistol dueling. The mode where the two duelists stood back-to-back, walked away from each other for a set number of paces before turning and firing was known as the "French" method. Another method required the duelists to stand still at an agreed distance and fire

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Usually, challenges were delivered in writing by one or more close friends who acted as "seconds". The challenge, written in formal language, laid out the real or imagined grievances and a demand for satisfaction. The challenged party then had the choice of accepting or refusing the challenge.

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The traditional situation that led to a duel often happened after a perceived offense, whether real or imagined, when one party would demand satisfaction from the offender. The demand was commonly symbolized by an inescapably insulting gesture, such as throwing a glove to the ground before the

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was known to have been the centre of at least two duels near the time of the gold rush. One involved a British arrival by the name of George Sloane, and an American, John Liverpool, both arriving via San Francisco in 1858. In a duel by pistols, Sloane was fatally injured and Liverpool shortly

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They met early the following morning, May 22, at the race track in Verdun. Pistols were raised, but only Sweeney fired. Warde fell, mortally wounded. A farmer witnessing the affair passed a sobbing Sweeney and said, 'You have had a bad beginning to the day.' It was the last fatal duel in

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By 1859, 18 states had outlawed dueling outright, and with few exceptions, traditional dueling using seconds and formal rules of conduct had largely died out in the US by the 1870s. In 1891, Kentucky passed a law that anyone sworn into any statewide or county office or judgeship in

1811:. For instance, an infantry captain could not challenge a major but could easily pick on a Titular Counsellor. On the other hand, a higher ranked person could not stoop to challenge lower ranks; so, it was up to his subordinates or servants to take revenge on their master's behalf. 2376:. Geronimo Álvarez and Jesús Guerrero were drinking and at the height of their arguing Álvarez allegedly pulled out his bolo and hacked Guerrero. Guerrero also pulled his bolo and repeatedly hacked Álvarez, and their relatives immediately intervened and rushed them to hospital. 305:

involved would wear their own armour; for example, one knight wearing full plate might face another wearing chain mail. The duel lasted until one party could no longer fight back. In early cases, the defeated party was then executed. This type of duel soon evolved into the more

1549:). Dueling was also popular for a time among doctors and, in particular, in the legal professions. Quantifying the number of duels in Britain is difficult, but there are about 1,000 attested between 1785 and 1845 with fatality rates at least 15% and probably somewhat higher. 1146:

was one of the few places where duels were fully legal. During that period, a duel was legal in cases where "an honor tribunal of three respectable citizens, one chosen by each side and the third chosen by the other two, had ruled that sufficient cause for a duel existed".

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of which the first was to do all in their power to avert bloodshed provided their principal's honor was not compromised. This could involve back and forth correspondence about a mutually agreeable lesser course of action, such as a formal apology for the alleged offense.

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the American Occupation". It happened when Ángel Umali and Tranquilino Paglinawan met with friends in a vacant lot near the city centre before dusk to settle a feud; Paglinawan lost his left hand. With no law against bolo fights, Umali was charged for a petty crime.

2072:, attempted to prevent these so-called duels by prohibiting civilians from carrying firearms by local ordinance, with little success. Instead, conflicts were increasingly resolved by the formation of organized law enforcement and the institution of judicial process. 2158:

tell that duels took place under strict rules of conduct, and to violate them was both shameful and sinful. According to these rules, it was forbidden to injure or kill an opponent who has lost their weapon, who surrenders, or who has been knocked unconscious. The

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satisfied. In some duels, the seconds would take the place of the primary duelist if the primary was not able to finish the duel. This was usually done in duels with swords, where one's expertise was sometimes limited. The second would also act as a witness.

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returned to the US. The fight originally started on board the ship over a young woman, Miss Bradford, and then carried on later in Victoria's tent city. Another duel, involving a Mr. Muir, took place around 1861, but was moved to a US island near Victoria.

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tells that if a warrior's topknot comes loose during a duel, the opponent must give him time to bind his hair before continuing. Both duelists are required to wield the same weapon, and specific rules may have existed for each weapon. For example, the

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published his own examination of arguments in favour of duelling alongside an account of the trial, taken in shorthand. Other duels have been fought in Scotland mostly between soldiers or the gentry with several subsequently brought to the law courts.

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laws, which allow disputes to be settled via consensual unarmed combat, which are essentially unarmed duels, though it may still be illegal for such fights to result in grievous bodily harm or death. Few if any modern jurisdictions allow armed duels.

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By the 1780s, the values of the duel had spread into the broader and emerging society of gentlemen. Research shows that much the largest group of later duelists were military officers, followed by the young sons of the metropolitan elite (see Banks,

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was mortally wounded in a duel at the age of twenty, cutting short his promising mathematical career. He spent the night before the duel writing mathematics; the inclusion of a note claiming that he did not have time to finish a proof spawned the

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until the late 1970s, formerly had prohibitions on dueling in their state constitutions, but later repealed them, whereas others, such as Iowa, constitutionally prohibited known duelers from holding political office until the early 1990s.

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European styles of dueling established themselves in the colonies of European states in North America. Duels were to challenge someone over a woman or to defend one's honor. In the US, dueling tended to arise over political differences.

2096:. That incident is believed by some to have been the last fatal duel fought in Canada; it was certainly the last in what is now Ontario. However, several reliable sources state that the last fatal duel in what is now Canada occurred in 1992:

However, as the 19th century progressed, the American definition of 'dueling' had clearly degenerated from an inherited European social custom using seconds and set rules of conduct. Instead, the term was increasingly used to describe

167:. Duels were fought not to kill the opponent but to gain "satisfaction", that is, to restore one's honor by demonstrating a willingness to risk one's life for it. As such, the tradition of dueling was reserved for the male members of 1894:, in a formal duel fought with pistols. In 1990 another editor was challenged to a duel by an assistant police chief. Although not forbidden by the government, the duel did not take place. Dueling was once again prohibited in 1992. 1389:

simultaneously on a signal – this was the type of duel favored in Britain. A variant of this required the duelists to take turns to shoot, with the challenger shooting first or the right of first shot being decided by a coin toss.

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had severely degenerated from its original 18th-century definition as a formal social custom among the wealthy classes, using fixed rules of conduct. Instead, 'dueling' was used by the contemporary press of the day to refer to any

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themselves. However, D'Esterre's wife consented to accept an allowance for her daughter, which O'Connell regularly paid for more than thirty years until his death. The memory of the duel haunted him for the remainder of his life.

1529:. Among the difficulties of anti-dueling campaigners was that although monarchs uniformly proclaimed their general hostility to dueling, they were nevertheless very reluctant to see their own favorites punished. In 1712 both the 665:

in 1852; the former was killed. In both cases, the winners of the duels, Hawkey and Barthélemy, were tried for murder. But Hawkey was acquitted and Barthélemy was convicted only of manslaughter; he served seven months in prison.

1591:—Example: A. tells B. he is impertinent, &C.; B. retorts, that he lies; yet A. must make the first apology, because he gave the first offence, and then, (after one fire,) B. may explain away the retort by subsequent apology. 4555:

ACTS and LAWS Of His Majesty's PROVINCE of the MASSACHUSETTS-BAY in NEW ENGLAND. Boston in NEW ENGLAND: Printed by S. KNEELAND, by Order of His Excellency the GOVERNOR, Council and House of Representavies. MDCCLIX. (1759) pp.

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There is a frequently quoted claim that dueling is legal in Paraguay if both parties are blood donors. No evidence exists that this is indeed true, and the notion has been outright denied by members of Paraguayan government.

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chose not to fight, he would leave his spurs behind as a sign of humiliation. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way.

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Dueling was the subject of an unsuccessful federal amendment to the United States Constitution in 1838. It was fairly common for politicians at that time in the United States to end disputes through duels, such as the

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The distance at which the pistols were fired might depend on local custom, the wishes of the duelists or sometimes the severity of the insult. The American dueling code of 1838 suggested a distance between 10 and 20

2275:, the local single-edge knife. Because avoiding injury is near-impossible even for the victor, this type of duel was considered a sign of extraordinary bravery, masculinity and the warrior mentality. Although true 2371:

Bolo fights are still seen today, albeit rarely, and have become part of Filipino rural culture. On 7 January 2012, two middle-aged farmers were wounded after a bolo duel over the harvest of rice in a village in

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became infamous for participating in at least two quick draw duels in their lifetimes. Besides quick draw duels, more formal European duels were also fought in the Old West such as those participated by former

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itself were brought to Russia in the 17th century by adventurers in Russian service. Dueling quickly became so popular – and the number of casualties among the commanding ranks so high – that, in 1715, Emperor

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By the 1770s, the practice of dueling was increasingly coming under attack from many sections of enlightened society, as a violent relic of Europe's medieval past unsuited for modern life. As England began to

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intensified efforts to wipe out the duel. Despite these efforts, dueling continued unabated, and it is estimated that between 1685 and 1716, French officers fought 10,000 duels, leading to over 400 deaths.

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In 1808, two Frenchmen are said to have fought in balloons over Paris, each attempting to shoot and puncture the other's balloon. One duellist is said to have been shot down and killed with his second.

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alleging that there was deliberate, high-level complicity to leave the loophole in the prosecution and reporting the view that "in England there is one law for the rich and another for the poor," and

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was such that schools were established to teach their use in knife fighting 'duels', further popularizing such knives and compelling authorities to pass legislation severely restricting such schools.

1979: ... three ironies emerged from the dueling custom. First, though confined to a segment of the upper classes, dueling served essentially the same purpose as the lowest eye-gouging battle among 1803:

was forced to forbid the practice on pain of having both duelists hanged. Despite this official ban, dueling became a significant military tradition in the Russian Empire with a detailed unwritten

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Banks, Stephen, Dead before Breakfast: The English Gentleman and Honour Affronted", in S. Bibb and D. Escandell (eds), Best Served Cold: Studies on Revenge (Oxford: Inter-Disciplinary Press, 2010)

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of 1777. Rule XII stated: "No dumb shooting or firing in the air is admissible in any case ... children's play must be dishonourable on one side or the other, and is accordingly prohibited."

1517:, leading to about two hundred prosecutions between 1603 and 1625. He also issued an edict against dueling in 1614 and is believed to have supported production of an anti-dueling tract by the 5355: 5175: 1348:

Under the latter conditions, one or both parties could intentionally miss in order to fulfill the conditions of the duel, without loss of either life or honor. However, doing so, known as

948:, a French officer rumored to be his wife's lover. D'Anthès, who was accused of cheating in this duel, married Pushkin's sister-in-law and went on to become a French minister and senator. 2172:

records that hitting below the waist is forbidden in mace duels. In one ancient form of dueling, two warriors wielded a knife in the right hand while their left hands were tied together.

1471:, published in 1550. These stressed the need to protect one's reputation and social mask and prescribed the circumstances under which an insulted party should issue a challenge. The word 5135: 1909:(who would later be his ambassador to Brazil) in 1952. Both men agreed to fire one shot at each other, and both fired into the air. At that time, dueling was already illegal in Chile. 3684: 237:(early to mid-14th century), illustrating the provision that the two combatants must "share the sun", i.e. align themselves perpendicular to the sun so that neither has an advantage. 1241:

and was subsequently challenged to a duel fought with swords. Ribière lost the duel, having been wounded twice. In Uruguay, a pistol duel was fought in 1971 between Danilo Sena and

827:, suffering himself from a chest wound that caused him a lifetime of pain. Jackson also reportedly engaged in a bloodless duel with a lawyer and in 1803 came very near dueling with 1287:. In most cases, the challenged party had the choice of weapons, with swords being favored in many parts of continental Europe and pistols in the United States and Great Britain. 1099:(1891) asked the bishops of Germany and Austria-Hungary to impose penalties on duellists. In Nazi-era Germany, legislations on dueling were tightened in 1937. After World War II, 1069:

in 1917. Germany (the various states of the Holy Roman Empire) has a history of laws against dueling going back to the late medieval period, with a large amount of legislation (

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must swear that they had never engaged in a duel with a deadly weapon, under a clause in the State Constitution enacted in the 1850s and still valid. Other U.S. states, like

57: 190:. From the early 17th century, duels became illegal in the countries where they were practiced. Dueling largely fell out of favour in England by the mid-19th century and in 3634: 1599:

took part in a duel in 1815. Following the death of his opponent, John D'Esterre, O'Connell repented and from that time wore a white glove on his right hand when attending

1584:. An amended version known as 'The Irish Code of Honor', and consisting of 25 rules, was adopted in some parts of the United States. The first article of the code stated: 2352:

or challenge the offender. The offender would have the choice whether to accept or decline the challenge. In the past, choice of weapons was not limited. But most often,

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, pistol dueling became popular as a sport in France. The duelists were armed with conventional pistols, but the cartridges had

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reported that in spite of Church disapproval, there were nevertheless seven capital crimes that were still commonly accepted as resolvable by means of a judicial duel.

2100:(now Quebec) on May 22, 1838. The duelists were British officer Major Henry Warde and lawyer Robert Sweeney; Warde was wounded in that incident and subsequently died. 1316:

show the combatants carrying the lantern in the left hand wrapped behind the back, which is still one of the traditional positions for the off-hand in modern fencing.

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other's face, rather than killing. As soon as blood was drawn onlookers would intervene to separate the men. The winner would often spit on his opponent and dip his

4572:. File Unit: Bills and Resolutions Originating in the House during the 25th Congress, 1837 - 1839. National Archives of the United States of America. Archived from 885:, narrowly avoided fighting a duel with a rival newspaper editor, apparently through the intervention of his second, who exaggerated Twain's prowess with a pistol. 447:. A copy of the code, known as 'The twenty-six commandments', was to be kept in a gentleman's pistol case for reference should a dispute arise regarding procedure. 3578:. File Unit: Bills and Resolutions Originating in the House during the 25th Congress, 1837–1839. National Archives and Records Administration. 1838. Archived from 491:, or to the fast-growing print media of the early 19th century, where they could defend their honor and resolve conflicts through correspondence in newspapers. 5314:

Schwartz, Warren F., Keith Baxter and David Ryan. "The Duel: Can these Gentlemen be Acting Efficiently?." The Journal of Legal Studies 13 (June 1984): 321–355.

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Participants wore heavy, protective clothing and a metal helmet with a glass eye-screen. The pistols were fitted with a shield that protected the firing hand.

5513: 471:. The cultivated art of politeness demanded that there should be no outward displays of anger or violence, and the concept of honor became more personalized. 5594: 5514:

Banks, Stephen "Challengers Chastised and Duellists Deterred: Kings Bench and Criminal Informations, 1800-1820" (2007) ANZLH E-Journal, Refereed Paper No (4)

3825: 3275: 5508: 2356:, rattan canes, and knives were the preferred weapons. Duels were either first-blood, submission, or to the last man standing. Duels to death were known as 1397:. There were incidences of pistol duels taking place at just two or three paces, with a virtual certainty of one or both duelists being injured or killed. 1497:, published in 1577. Dueling was further propagated by the arrival of Italian fencing masters such as Rocco Bonetti and Vincento Saviolo. By the reign of 3505: 626:

was acquitted on a legal technicality for homicide in connection with a duel with one of his former officers, outrage was expressed in the media, with

704:(1817) and referring to it in an essay that same year as "the unqualified evidence of manhood". Ironically, Neal was challenged to a duel by a fellow 4553:

Chap. V. An Act for Repealing an Act, Intitled, An Act for the punishing and Preventing of Duelling, and for making other Provision instead thereof.

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Dueling was a common practice in the Philippines since ancient times, and continued to be recorded during Spanish and American colonialism. In the

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must declare under oath that he or she has not participated in, acted as a second or otherwise assisted in a duel, a law which is still in effect.

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The winner would generally make no attempt to avoid arrest and would receive a light penalty, such as a short jail sentence and/or a small fine.

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how many times they were to fire, replied, "just as often as your Lordship pleases; I have brought a bag of bullets and a flask of gunpowder."

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states, "with social distinctions often difficult to measure", most men could not escape on such grounds without the appearance of cowardice.

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or "holders") would stake out a travelled spot, such as a bridge or city gate, and let it be known that any other knight who wished to pass (

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Banks, Stephen. "Very little law in the case: Contests of Honour and the Subversion of the English Criminal Courts, 1780-1845" (2008) 19(3)

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H.R. 8, Proposing an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to Prohibit any Person who was Involved in a Duel from Holding Public Federal Office

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H.R. 8, Proposing an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to Prohibit any Person who was Involved in a Duel from Holding Public Federal Office

5619: 1807: – which was eventually written down by V. Durasov and released in print in 1908. This code forbade duels between people of different 1675: 4494: 3235: 2806: 2085: 1707:. During the late 16th and the 17th century, this tradition was gradually replaced with the modern fencing with the rapier following the 61: 5569: 1011:

to a pistol duel after a quarrel over remarks made about a local school teacher, whom Wilson married after Lyon was killed in the duel.

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Greenberg, Kenneth S. "The Nose, the Lie, and the Duel in the Antebellum South." American Historical Review 95 (February 1990): 57–73.

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In Peru there were several high-profile duels by politicians in the early part of the 20th century including one in 1957 involving

1671: 1984:

status that beckoned men to the field of honor did not always match the expectation, but often enough dueling served as a form of

3970: 3892: 3685:""Gentlemanly Jurisprudence and the Rule of Law: Why Dueling was Legal in Uruguay from 1920 to 1992" a talk with David S. Parker" 3641: 1960:. While dueling had become outdated in the North since the early 19th century, this was not true of other regions of the nation. 1042:

lost its position as an indispensable part of a gentleman's wardrobe, a development described as an "archaeological terminus" by

820: 791: 539: 5564: 5491: 5239:

Frevert, Ute. "Men of Honour: A Social and Cultural History of the Duel." trans. Anthony Williams Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995.

5668: 5069: 3531: 5255: 5015: 4982: 4804: 4637: 4472: 4236: 4200: 3364: 3149: 3079: 2997: 2679: 1518: 1352:, could imply that one's opponent was not worth shooting. This practice occurred despite being expressly banned by the Irish 869: 824: 623: 608: 4713: 3995: 1738:

from the 1640s. A modern remnant of German dueling culture is found in the non-lethal Mensur tradition in academic fencing.

5788: 5579: 5519: 5046: 2041: 1664: 1640: 1530: 1506: 603:, and dismissed from the army for failing to issue a challenge after he was publicly insulted. This attitude lingered on – 502:

stressed that praiseworthy actions were exclusively restricted to those that maximize human welfare and happiness, and the

2016:

Crude so-called 'quick-draw' duels, though in reality very rare, were also fought to uphold personal honor in the western

412:. From the late 1580s to the 1620s, an estimated 10,000 French individuals (most of them nobility) were killed in duels. 4888: 3518: 798: 546: 4775: 3417:

The Scottish nation: or, The surnames, families, literature, honours, and biographical history of the people of Scotland

2881:

Banks, S. "Very little law in the case: Contests of Honour and the Subversion of the English Criminal Courts, 1780-1845"

1453:

The duel arrived at the end of the 16th century with the influx of Italian honor and courtesy literature – most notably

1427:

and Ballow, one had determined never to fight in the morning, and the other that he would never fight in the afternoon.

6739: 5703: 4761: 4701: 4374: 3924:. The custom of "flinging the gauntlet in the face of another Knight" is illustrated in early Italian romances such as 3411: 2857: 2628: 2607: 1607: 983: 573: 511: 4567: 3573: 6734: 6588: 6421: 5439: 4403: 4099: 3071: 3044: 1344:

exchanges of fire was considered barbaric, and, on the rare occasion that no hits were achieved, somewhat ridiculous.

970:; the two would each choose and eat a sausage. Bismarck reportedly declined. The story could be apocryphal, however. 83: 4972: 4283: 6724: 6707: 6702: 6553: 5746: 5212:

Bell, Richard, "The Double Guilt of Dueling: The Stain of Suicide in Anti-dueling Rhetoric in the Early Republic,"

3703:

Parker, David S. (Summer 2001). "Law, Honor, and Impunity in Spanish America: The Debate over Dueling, 1870–1920".

1874:, who went on to become president. In 2002 Peruvian independent congressman Eittel Ramos challenged Vice President 1564:, a code of practice was drawn up for the regulation of duels. It was agreed by delegates from counties Tipperary, 1501:

dueling was well entrenched within a militarized peerage – one of the most important duels being that between

1008: 964:

to a duel. Virchow, being entitled to choose the weapons, chose two pork sausages, one infected with the roundworm

319:

that evolved in the late 14th century and remained popular through the 15th century. A knight or group of knights (

3833: 1588:

Rule 1.—The first offence requires the apology, although the retort may have been more offensive than the insult.

1328:

To first blood, in which case the duel would be ended as soon as one man was wounded, even if the wound was minor.

3216: 1432: 1300: 1131: 832: 823:, fought two duels, though some legends claim he fought many more. On May 30, 1806, he killed prominent duellist 206:. Public opinion, not legislation, caused the change. Research has linked the decline of dueling to increases in 65: 4462: 1636:

engaged in duels, although only two of them – Pitt and Wellington – held the office at the time of their duels.

6687: 5554: 3112: 1534: 897:

In 1843, two other Frenchmen are said to have fought a duel by means of throwing billiard balls at each other.

854: 693:

because he believed that the death by dueling of officers would have threatened the success of the war effort.

6291: 3421: 3024:. Vol. 3 (January–June 1817), no. 2. Baltimore, Maryland: Neale Willis & Cole. pp. 132–133. 2517: 2287: 6697: 6682: 5607: 616: 494:

Influential new intellectual trends at the turn of the 19th century bolstered the anti-dueling campaign; the

356: 179: 2963: 1885: 650: 5930: 4253: 1218: 979: 645:

had an altercation with Henry Hawkey over the affections of his wife, leading to a duel at Browndown, near

2807:"Duel! Defenders of honor or shoot-on-sight vigilantes? Even in 19th-century America, it was hard to tell" 6761: 6692: 3746: 3666: 944:. These turned out to be prophetic, as Pushkin himself was mortally wounded in a controversial duel with 4509: 3397: 5661: 4824: 2121: 2113: 1230: 1012: 690: 634: 4596: 3391: 1871: 1767:

mild – up to a year's imprisonment if the outcome of the duel was death or grievous bodily harm.

1603:

as a public symbol of his regret. Despite numerous challenges, he refused ever to fight another duel.

1173:

and were without any powder charge; the bullet was propelled only by the explosion of the cartridge's

736:

knife or gun fight between two contestants, where the clear object was simply to kill one's opponent.

394:

Dueling remained highly popular in European society, despite various attempts at banning the practice.

6766: 4352: 2550: 881: 5464: 4820: 3194: 2141:

were held in ancient India (including modern-day Pakistan and Bangladesh) for various reasons. Many

241: 6789: 6005: 5708: 4602: 4020: 3935: 2834: 1700: 1650: 506:

notion of the "Christian conscience" began to actively promote social activism. Individuals in the

419:, throughout Europe, and attempts to discourage or suppress it generally failed. For example, King 17: 4667: 1921: 1814:

Dueling was also common among prominent Russian writers, poets, and politicians. The Russian poet

1118:

A constitutional amendment was even proposed for the federal constitution to outlaw dueling. Some

587:, English duelists enthusiastically adopted the pistol, and sword duels dwindled. Special sets of 568:

or junior officers. Despite prominent deaths, dueling persisted because of contemporary ideals of

7062: 6781: 6634: 6213: 5861: 5803: 5756: 5693: 3792: 3387: 2336:

on the island of Funajima. Miyamoto is said to have fought over 60 duels and was never defeated.

2226:

Weapons and rules for dueling in the Indonesian archipelago vary from one culture to another. In

1538: 1050:

had been a visible attribute of the free man, beginning as early as three millennia ago with the

987: 5279:

Morgan, Cecilia (1995). "'In Search of the Phantom Misnamed Honour': Duelling in Upper Canada".

4224: 2279:

are no longer practiced, enactments of these duels are still performed at cultural shows today.

1775: 719:

Reports of dueling gained in popularity in the first half of the 19th century especially in the

52:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

6624: 5599: 5525: 3169: 2988:

Kayorie, James Stephen Merritt (2019). "John Neal (1793–1876)". In Baumgartner, Jody C. (ed.).

2089: 2057: 1953: 1454: 1308: 1211: 783: 720: 203: 4794: 4170:

Pugna corporalis deliberata hinc inde duorum, ad purgationem, gloriam, vel odii aggregationem.

3931: 3532:"A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875" 3354: 3239: 2902:

The Trial of James Thomas Earl of Cardigan before the Right Honourable the House of Peers, etc

2814: 1819: 1784: 658: 435:, as late as 1777, a code of practice was drawn up for the regulation of duels, at the Summer 6715: 6123: 5793: 5776: 5771: 5698: 5654: 5584: 3853: 2045: 2021: 1997:

violent fight or melee between two or more contestants using mixed weapons – clubs, bottles,

1688: 1526: 1514: 1221:

fought school teacher Roger Nordmann. The last known duel in France took place in 1967, when

1207: 642: 560:

lost two-thirds as many officers to dueling as it did in combat at sea, including naval hero

476: 355:

and on the duel on points of honor among the nobility. Judicial duels were deprecated by the

265: 245: 195: 31: 6411: 3260: 3141: 700:

took up dueling as his earliest reform issue, attacking the institution in his first novel,

6593: 6431: 6363: 5908: 5903: 5798: 5761: 5741: 5733: 5688: 2784: 2536: 2361: 1459: 1195: 1062: 456: 187: 6320: 2743: 1889: 1509:(later the 4th Earl of Dorset) in 1613, during which Bruce was killed. James I encouraged 1324:

At the choice of the offended party, the duel could be fought to a number of conclusions:

8: 7052: 7016: 6924: 6711: 6477: 6343: 6333: 6128: 6118: 6083: 6048: 5813: 5783: 5751: 5221:

Concealed Weapon Laws of the Early Republic: Dueling, Southern Violence, and Moral Reform

5198:

Banks, Stephen. "Dangerous Friends: The Second and the Later English Duel" (2009) 32 (1)

3559: 3393:

Remarks on duelling; comprising observations on the arguments in defence of that practice

2180: 1596: 1272: 922: 480: 1610:

was fought in 1852 between two French political exiles. In 1862, in an article entitled

351:

was critical of dueling throughout medieval history, frowning both on the traditions of

6823: 6753: 6500: 6348: 5766: 5623: 5379: 5296: 4951: 4642: 4344: 3728: 3720: 3555: 3338: 3313: 3013: 2990:

American Political Humor: Masters of Satire and Their Impact on U.S. Policy and Culture

2578: 2416: 2069: 2065: 1898: 1818:

fought 29 duels, challenging many prominent figures before being killed in a duel with

1620: 1498: 1420: 1004: 816: 794: 766: 740: 697: 674: 669: 584: 557: 553: 542: 337:

did not have weapons or horse to meet the challenge, one might be provided, and if the

249: 199: 191: 109: 6473: 4881:"Duelling wasn't about revenge or killing your enemy. Here's what it was really about" 3974: 3896: 1878:

to a duel with pistols, saying the vice president had insulted him. Waisman declined.

1703:. In the 15th century, duels were fought between members of the nobility wearing full 1331:

Until one man was so severely wounded as to be physically unable to continue the duel.

905: 423:

outlawed dueling in 1626, a law which remained in force afterwards, and his successor

7048: 6614: 6573: 6108: 5920: 5913: 5639: 5435: 5366:

The Code of Honor; or, Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in Duelling

5300: 5251: 5042: 5011: 5005: 4978: 4800: 4757: 4697: 4468: 4399: 4232: 4229:

The Code of Honor, Or, Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in Duelling

4196: 4105: 4095: 3777: 3732: 3415: 3360: 3145: 3134: 3082:(1997), pp. 9–18, 27–36: In some states the popularity of certain knives such as the 3075: 3067: 3040: 2993: 2708: 2675: 2624: 2603: 2582: 2570: 2061: 2017: 2001:, or firearms of any type or description. Newspapers of the day freely used the term 1932: 1823: 1815: 1800: 1780: 1644: 1340:), in which case there would be no satisfaction until one party was mortally wounded. 1238: 1234: 957: 935: 846:

was involved in an arranged pistol duel that quickly escalated into a knife-fighting

686: 682: 405: 360: 183: 96: 5526:

THE CODE OF HONOR; or Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in DUELLING

3934:), and the English phrase of "throwing down the gauntlet" occurs in the context of 1888:, a former President of Uruguay, killed Washington Beltran, editor of the newspaper 531: 7083: 5529: 5370: 5288: 5205:

Banks, Stephen. "Killing with Courtesy: The English Duelist, 1785-1845," (2008) 47

4336: 4300: 3712: 3483: 3333: 3325: 2714: 2562: 2400: 2329: 2292: 2117: 1925: 1902: 1827: 1716: 1577: 1561: 1174: 1115: 1104: 1051: 787: 662: 522: 444: 4436: 3017: 2945:"Trial of Lieutenant Hawkey for the Wilful Murder of Lieutenant Seton in a Duel". 2296: 2049: 6729: 6268: 6228: 6150: 6138: 6103: 5846: 5841: 5629: 5232:

Freeman, Joanne B. "Dueling as Politics: Reinterpreting the Burr-Hamilton Duel."

4158: 3999: 3926: 3600: 3220: 2900: 2840: 2521: 2444: 2422: 2256: 2239: 2036:, although some of the few real life Wild West duels that did occur included the 2033: 1615: 1226: 1189: 1066: 1043: 857: 812: 612: 588: 561: 352: 348: 288: 164: 104: 5345:

Holland, Barbara. "Gentlemen's Blood: A History of Dueling" New York, NY. (2003)

5094: 3797:(No. 808 Vol LXIII, Sixpence ed.). Ingram brothers. 1908-07-22. p. 41. 2145:

considered it shameful to die in bed, and in their old age often arranged for a

1928:'s duel with Davis Tutt became the quintessential quick draw duel in US history. 256: 6983: 6674: 6618: 6558: 6515: 6485: 6218: 6113: 5953: 5893: 5881: 5836: 5831: 5411: 5307:

Rorabaugh, W. J. "The Political Duel in the Early Republic: Burr v. Hamilton."

4929:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

4735: 3812: 2657: 2373: 2271:

duel of Javanese and Malay culture, the Bugis-Makassar community instead wield

2176: 2093: 1972: 1964: 1831: 1808: 1747: 1660: 1654: 1600: 1476: 1464: 1161: 1156: 961: 808: 744: 641:

The last-known fatal duel between Englishmen in England occurred in 1845, when

604: 527: 514:, condemned dueling as ungodly violence and as an egocentric culture of honor. 503: 499: 495: 310: 207: 5485: 3471:

European weapons and armour: From the Renaissance to the industrial revolution

2566: 1906: 1699:. The German dueling tradition originates in the Late Middle Ages, within the 1111:

court established the legal distinction between academic fencing and dueling.

483:, the culture of street violence in general began to slowly wane. The growing 7077: 6938: 6906: 6809: 6609: 6568: 6358: 6253: 6223: 6178: 6133: 6015: 5965: 5958: 5876: 5613: 5446:

Ritualized Violence Russian Style: The Duel in Russian Culture and Literature

5431: 5421: 3432: 3129: 2574: 2456: 2405: 2385: 2333: 2227: 2215: 2161: 2154: 1875: 1861:– cowboys – to resolve their disputes in a fight using working knives called 1848: 1788: 1565: 1510: 1424: 1377: 1249: 1123: 1090: 1086: 1032: 940: 839: 756: 724: 464: 281: 224: 129: 5498: 4378: 4325:"Honor, Masculinity, and Ritual Knife Fighting in Nineteenth-Century Greece" 4109: 2861: 1024:

Duels had mostly ceased to be fought to the death by the late 19th century.

64:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

6919: 6629: 6583: 6505: 6463: 6426: 6378: 6325: 6233: 6173: 6073: 6010: 6000: 5943: 5677: 5635: 5452:

A Polite Exchange of Bullets; The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750–1850

5186:

A Polite Exchange of Bullets; The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750–1850

4573: 3579: 3329: 2858:"The common is steeped in history, at Keep Englefield Green – The Heritage" 2390: 2252: 2248:, a type of mythical spirit, by a way of prayer before engaging in a duel. 2097: 2081: 1985: 1708: 1704: 1573: 1502: 1431:, "who did not stand upon ceremony in these little affairs", when asked by 1242: 1100: 910: 507: 484: 273: 5292: 4172: 1423:, the number of paces could not be agreed upon; and in the affair between 1372: 1108: 592:

this fail, they would arrange and oversee the mechanics of the encounter.

229: 6868: 6535: 6495: 6438: 6248: 5948: 5871: 4089: 3917: 3500:

Hitler's decree was a reaction to a duel between two Nazi party members:

3166:"Mark Twain, A Biography by Albert Bigelow Paine: Part I A Comstock Duel" 2672:

Den oövervinnerlige: om den svenska stormaktstiden och en man i dess mitt

2643:. Canary Press (August 15, 2011). Chapter: Pas D'armes. ASIN: B005HJTS8O. 2410: 2395: 2168: 1998: 1976: 1804: 1752: 1712: 1569: 1428: 1413:

Many historical duels were prevented by the difficulty of arranging the "

1394: 1355: 1284: 1135: 1039: 1028: 966: 843: 828: 681:

Dueling also began to be criticized in America in the late 18th century;

611:, prosecuted for wounding another in a duel, "would get off easily". The 416: 415:

By the 17th century, dueling had become regarded as a prerogative of the

409: 400: 380: 285: 172: 141: 5472: 3996:"The Guard of the Sword & Lanthorn, opposd by the Sword & Cloak" 2108:

Australia had a history of dueling, with the last recorded one being in

747:

increasingly came to regard the practice as little more than bloodshed.

487:

maintained their reputation with recourse to either bringing charges of

6771: 6525: 6453: 6383: 6353: 6338: 6309: 6297: 6263: 6193: 6088: 6068: 5898: 4696:. University of Oklahoma Press; First edition (March 15, 2010). p. 82. 4348: 2432: 2364:

could still recall details of duels which occurred during their youth.

2353: 2348:, there is a tradition of dueling where the offended party would first 2303: 2029: 1381: 1170: 1119: 876: 865: 801: 770: 600: 565: 549: 460: 420: 292: 175:. On occasion, duels with swords or pistols were fought between women. 3724: 3214: 459:

values began to influence society with new self-conscious ideas about

7026: 7021: 7011: 6971: 6966: 6901: 6896: 6856: 6851: 6794: 6776: 6578: 6490: 6458: 6416: 6406: 6368: 6243: 6208: 6198: 6098: 6057: 6035: 5888: 5826: 5522:" Dept. of Econ., Amherst College, Stern School of Business, NY Univ. 4179:(1678), ed. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 3, col. 203b. 2931: 2435:, a popular stock character commonly placed in a gun duel or showdown 2427: 2142: 2025: 1980: 1852: 1165:

Pistol dueling as an associate event at the 1908 London Olympic Games

761: 705: 628: 576:, and because of the threat of ridicule if a challenge was rejected. 424: 316: 6043: 4340: 1755:

in the blood of the loser, or wipe the blood off his knife with it.

408:. The first formalized national code was that of France, during the 390: 128:

During the 17th and 18th centuries (and earlier), duels were mostly

121:

is an arranged engagement in combat between two people with matched

6520: 6448: 6396: 6168: 6078: 6025: 5987: 5975: 5851: 4166: 3921: 3716: 2514: 2438: 2207: 2010: 2005:

to include fights between combatants of any class or social order.

1493:

Soon domestic literature was being produced such as Simon Robson's

1349: 1127: 1114:

In 1839, after the death of a congressman, dueling was outlawed in

861: 595:

In England, to kill in the course of a duel was formally judged as

579:

By about 1770, the duel underwent a number of important changes in

569: 468: 306: 296: 178:

Legislation against dueling dates back to the medieval period. The

168: 157: 5540: 5095:"Philippine Martial Arts Institute – Traditional Filipino Weapons" 4754:

Gunfighters, Highwaymen & Vigilantes: Violence on the Frontier

3103:, Plano, Texas: Republic of Texas Press (2000), ISBN 1-55622-678-0 1863: 1031:, dueling had not only been made illegal almost everywhere in the 938:

contained a number of duels, notably Onegin's duel with Lensky in

6996: 6951: 6886: 6836: 6563: 6548: 6543: 6443: 6401: 6303: 6258: 6203: 6063: 6020: 5970: 5418:

Dueling With the Sword and Pistol: 400 Years of One-on-One Combat

5136:"Argument over rice harvest leads to bolo duel in Zamboanga City" 3431:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2602:. Oxford University Press; 1st edition (July 22, 1999). pp. 206. 2345: 2322: 2235: 2187: 2179:

tells that dueling was a common practice among the nobles of the

1881: 1627: 1581: 1557: 1143: 1076: 1000: 654: 646: 580: 440: 432: 269: 153: 145: 2935:

17 February and 18 February 1841, quoted in Woodham-Smith (1953)

1618:

recalled the rules and myths of Irish dueling in his periodical

1541:

induced by political rivalry and squabbles over an inheritance.

982:, was tried and acquitted after a duel that fatally wounded Sir 657:

was between two French political refugees, Frederic Cournet and

7006: 6991: 6961: 6946: 6914: 6891: 6876: 6846: 6831: 6804: 6510: 6286: 6238: 6188: 6163: 5646: 5402:

Pistols at Ten Paces: The Story of the Code of Honor in America

4837:

This was however not the last fatal duel in what is now Canada.

4756:. University of California Press (March 23, 1987). pp. 99–100. 2264: 2199: 2109: 2054: 1971:

In the South, teenage duels were not uncommon, particularly in

1857: 1711:, while at the same time the practice of dueling spread to the 1553: 901: 596: 510:

and similar societies, who had successfully campaigned for the

436: 384: 338: 332: 331:

or "comers") must first fight, or be disgraced. If a traveling

326: 320: 301: 149: 137: 122: 5266:

That Damn'd Thing Called Honour: Duelling in Ireland 1570–1860

4495:"Uruguay Rescinds Law Allowing Disputes to be Settled by Duel" 2600:

Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present

1283:

varied by time and locale but were usually referred to as the

739:

Dueling began an irreversible decline in the aftermath of the

696:

In the early nineteenth century, American writer and activist

268:, fought on 13 February 1503 between 13 Italian and 13 French 6639: 6391: 6183: 6158: 5229:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001; paperback ed., 2002) 4694:

Deadly Dozen: Forgotten Gunfighters of the Old West, Volume 3

2551:"Going postal: State capacity and violent dispute resolution" 2450: 2272: 2203: 1126:'s, contain explicit prohibitions on dueling to this day. In 1047: 847: 831:. Jackson also engaged in a frontier brawl (not a duel) with 733: 488: 133: 5499:

The Duel of Honor: Screening for Unobservable Social Capital

5492:

Mend it, Don't End it: Optimal Mortality in Affairs of Honor

3191:"Chapters from my Autobiography by Mark Twain: Chapter VIII" 101:

The Code Of Honor—A Duel in the Bois De Boulogne, Near Paris

7001: 6956: 6881: 6841: 6093: 6053: 5995: 5866: 4528:

Selling Destinations: Geography for the Travel Professional

2710:

The only approved guide through all the stages of a quarrel

2268: 1513:

as Solicitor-General to prosecute would-be duelists in the

1079:

outlawed dueling in 1851, and the law was inherited by the

619:

sects in particular began to actively campaign against it.

284:

society, the formal concept of a duel developed out of the

233:

Depiction of a judicial combat in the Dresden codex of the

3261:"Évariste Galois, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" 363:

into the 15th century. The word duel comes from the Latin

171:; however, in the modern era, it extended to those of the 4647: 3881:. 18 October 1971 – via Google News Archive Search. 2905:. London: Published by order of the House of Peers. 1841. 1194:

Pistol dueling was an associate (non-medal) event at the

1019: 712:. He refused and mocked the challenge in his next novel, 194:

by the turn of the 20th century. Dueling declined in the

3039:. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 55. 2781:"The American Experience | Dueling, American Style" 2243: 1851:

during the 20th century, although generally illegal. In

913:

that he wrote his most important results on that night.

872:, but friends intervened and persuaded them against it. 797:

was fatally wounded by his political rival, the sitting

689:

encouraged his officers to refuse challenges during the

6278: 5227:

Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic

4281: 1967:

described the dueling culture in 1830s South Carolina:

1210:, Italy, and Latin America well into the 20th century. 4850:"From the archives: Lady Rose blossomed after scandal" 4627:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 167, 350–351. 4177:

Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae latinitatis

3949:

Southern Honor: Ethics & Behavior in the Old South

1855:, during the 18th and 19th century, it was common for 1400:

A method popular in Continental Europe was known as a

1075:) dating from the period after the Thirty Years' War. 374: 260:

Commemorative poster for the fourth centennial of the

5326:

Dueling in the Old South: Vignettes of Social History

4415: 1299:"Field of honor" redirects here. For other uses, see 673:

An anti-dueling sermon written by an acquaintance of

622:

By 1840, dueling had declined dramatically; when the

5340:

Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South

5039:

Carok: Konflik Kekerasan Dan Harga Diri Orang Madura

4625:

Southern honor: ethics and behavior in the old South

4056: 4054: 4052: 2949:. No. 2441. Portsmouth, England. July 18, 1846. 5273:

Dueling: The Cult of Honor in Fin-de-Siecle Germany

5055: 4282:Dickens, Charles; Chapman and Hall (May 10, 1862). 4094:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 31. 3353:Strozier, Charles B.; Flynn, Michael (1996-01-01). 2992:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 87. 2766:David W. Bebbington, "The Evangelical Conscience," 1937:

An Act for the punishing and preventing of Duelling

1826:was killed four years later by fellow Army officer 1730:during the same period, attested in the Latin form 479:and benefit from urban planning and more effective 182:(1215) outlawed duels and civil legislation in the 5520:The Deadliest of Games: The Institution of Dueling 5490:Ahn, Tom, Sandford, Jeremy, and Paul Shea. 2010. " 5116:"Bolos Weapons in Filipino Duel: One Hand Cut Off" 4974:Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia.Page 27 4799:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 116–135. 3973:. Classicalfencing.com. 2006-03-26. Archived from 3133: 2623:. Boydell Press (November 18, 2010). pp. 157-160. 2619:Clifford J. Rogers, Kelly DeVries and John Franc. 2360:(without bounds). Some of the older generation of 1245:, in which neither of the combatants was injured. 850:, not atypical of American practices at the time. 383:, dueling established the status of a respectable 160:continued to coexist throughout the 19th century. 5518:Kingston, Christopher G., and Wright, Robert E. " 4970: 4782:. Active Interest Media – via Google Books. 4049: 4042: 4040: 3346: 3101:The Alamo Story-From History to Current Conflicts 2621:Journal of Medieval Military History: Volume VIII 2549:Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Ramey, Adam J. (2020-06-09). 2328:On April 14, 1612, the famous Japanese swordsman 1884:decriminalized dueling in 1920, and in that year 685:denounced the practice as uselessly violent, and 638:describing the verdict as "a defeat of justice." 7075: 5497:Allen, Douglas, W., and Reed, Clyde, G., 2006, " 5036: 4714:"Wild Bill Hickok fights first western showdown" 3667:"Iowa Repeal of Dueling Ban, Amendment 2 (1992)" 3113:"Abraham Lincoln Prepares to Fight a Saber Duel" 2958: 2956: 2909: 2702: 2700: 2674:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Atlantis. p. 593. 1682: 1486:"war", but associated by popular etymology with 530:fighting a sabre duel, around 1900, painting by 387:and was an accepted manner to resolve disputes. 359:of 1215, but the judicial duel persisted in the 218: 4305:(in German) (6th ed.). Strasbourg: Trübner 4302:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache 4288:. Dickens & Evans (Firm). pp. 212–216. 4270:King of the Beggars: A life of Daniel O'Connell 4091:Pistols: an illustrated history of their impact 2916:Staff (21 February 1841). "Defeat of Justice". 2307: 2234:and was typically practiced with the sickle or 1580:, and intended for general adoption throughout 1463:(Book of the Courtier), published in 1528, and 750: 708:lawyer for insults published in his 1823 novel 450: 5442:. The story of the last fatal duel in Scotland 4072: 4063: 4037: 3420:. Vol. 3. A. Fullarton & co. p. 3230: 3228: 2314: 1628:British prime ministers who took part in duels 1046:, concluding the long period during which the 727:. However, in this regional context, the term 291:and older pre-Christian practices such as the 186:against dueling was passed in the wake of the 5662: 5003: 3484:"Catholic Library: Pastoralis Officii (1891)" 3352: 2953: 2697: 2124:) in 1851. Only Donaldson's hat was damaged. 1353: 583:. Firstly, unlike their counterparts in many 144:), but beginning in the late 18th century in 4161:, author of a 14th-century work on dueling, 1905:, was challenged to a duel by his colleague 1448: 1405: 1335: 1080: 1070: 769:fighting his fatal duel with Vice President 5319:Duels and the Roots of Violence in Missouri 4907: 4905: 4878: 4437:"'Insulted' politician wants a pistol duel" 4222: 4033:– via Secretary of State of Missouri. 3893:"The Mystic Spring (1904) by D. W. Higgins" 3618:"Electoral College Affirms Biden's Victory" 3225: 2920:. No. 1725. London: Albany Fonblanque. 2804: 2548: 1475:was introduced in the 1590s, modeled after 1414: 1261: 1094: 198:in the 19th century and by the time of the 5669: 5655: 5577: 4956:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4941: 4638:"Politics And Pistols: Dueling in America" 3951:. Oxford University Press, 2007, p.355–356 3794:The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality 3781:. Vol. 10. October 1908. p. 765. 3193:. Twain.classicauthors.net. Archived from 2532: 2530: 2251:The traditional form of dueling among the 1248:Various modern jurisdictions still retain 5007:Communal Road to a Secular Kerala.Page 30 4541:The Southron's Guide to Living in Uruguay 3396:. Edinburgh: Waugh & Innes. pp. 3359:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 195. 3337: 3136:How to Win Friends & Influence People 2860:. Keepenglefieldgreen.org. Archived from 2497:, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 78 2306:Japan, there was a tradition of dueling ( 545:was killed in a duel against the sitting 84:Learn how and when to remove this message 4902: 4872: 4464:Where There's Life, There's Lawsuits ... 3895:. Gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca. Archived from 3410: 3404: 3128: 2947:Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle 2706: 2286: 1931: 1920: 1830:. The dueling tradition died out in the 1774: 1371: 1160: 782:The most notorious American duel is the 760: 668: 521: 389: 255: 240: 228: 202:, dueling had begun to wane even in the 148:, duels were more commonly fought using 95: 6661: 4911: 4792: 4507: 4322: 4188: 3458:Gentlemen's Blood: A History of Dueling 3311: 3273: 2987: 2669: 2641:Gladiators: From Spartacus to Spitfires 2527: 2505: 2503: 1150: 564:. Many of those killed or wounded were 540:United States Secretary of the Treasury 14: 7076: 5278: 5248:Pistols at Dawn: A History of Duelling 5245: 5063:"Tomanurung Perang Sejati Orang Bugis" 4773: 4706: 4565: 4460: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4087: 3702: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3386: 3380: 3058: 3056: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2598:David Levinson and Karen Christensen. 2038:Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout 1794:The tradition of dueling and the word 1020:Decline in the 19th and 20th centuries 615:was generally hostile to dueling, but 6660: 5721: 5650: 5200:Journal of Eighteenth Century Studies 4298: 4258:. Cork University Press. p. 126. 4251: 4231:. reprinted by Kessinger Publishing. 3302:, Hutchinson & Co. Ltd pp 138–145 3300:Daniel O'Connell: The Irish Liberator 3034: 2915: 2594: 2592: 2127: 1634:Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom 1438: 5588:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 5250:. Little, Brown Book Group Limited. 5236:3d series, 53 (April 1996): 289–318. 4916:. France: Phoenix Press. p. 58. 4668:"Kentucky Duels Over Oath Of Office" 4594: 4377:. Monika.univ.gda.pl. Archived from 3818: 3238:. Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from 3168:. Classicauthors.net. Archived from 3012: 2964:"1855: Emmanuel Barthelemy, duelist" 2500: 1787:, January 1837, an 1869 painting by 1641:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne 1490:"two", hence "one-on-one combat"). 1380:and Vladimir Lensky. Watercolour by 404:, or "code of dueling", appeared in 36: 5333:Honor and Violence in the Old South 5171:. London: Chapman & Hall, 1965. 4889:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4372: 4157:This usage apparently goes back to 4116: 3691: 3517:18 December 1951, confirmed by the 3064:The Complete Book Of Knife Fighting 3053: 2845: 2419:(1670–1707), a French woman duelist 2024:brought by Southern emigrants. The 799:Vice President of the United States 375:Renaissance and early modern Europe 24: 5722: 5578:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 5486:1967 Epee Duel Deffere vs. Ribiere 5458: 5246:Hopton, Richard (1 January 2011). 4879:Scopelianos, Sarah (22 May 2021). 4736:"Jim Levy – The Jewish Gunfighter" 3930:(The Scots Magazine 89/90 (1822), 3414:(1877). "The Stuarts of Dunearn". 3140:. New York: Pocket Books. p. 2768:Welsh Journal of Religious History 2589: 2511:Lehrbuch des Deutschen Strafrechts 2263:in which the duellists fight in a 1916: 1834:slowly from the mid-19th century. 1376:The fictional pistol duel between 1183: 315:or "passage of arms", a chivalric 25: 7095: 6589:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program 5503:American Law and Economics Review 5479: 5068:. Media Indonesia. Archived from 4323:Gallant, Thomas W. (2000-09-20). 3521:on 29 January 1953 (BGHSt 4, 24). 3356:Genocide, War, and Human Survival 2542: 2537:The History of Dueling in America 2493:IV Lateran c. 18, Peter R. Coss, 2152:Ancient epics and texts like the 1988:for unresolved personal problems. 1726:is replaced by the modern German 1595:The 19th-century Irish statesman 1294: 1201: 868:, met to duel with state auditor 517: 7057: 7047: 6554:Historical European martial arts 5676: 5539: 5349: 5128: 5108: 5087: 5030: 4997: 4964: 4935: 4920: 4842: 4813: 4786: 4767: 4746: 4728: 4686: 4660: 4630: 4617: 3426: 2555:Journal of Comparative Economics 2453:, a duel with three participants 2441:, a Scandinavian form of dueling 2042:Luke Short – Jim Courtright duel 1939:(1728), Massachusetts Bay Colony 1842: 1779:Depiction of the pistol duel of 960:was reported to have challenged 777: 41: 27:Formalised type of single combat 7058: 5404:, William Oliver Stevens (1940) 5234:The William and Mary Quarterly, 5169:The Duel: A History of Duelling 4971:Bardwell L. Smith, ed. (1976). 4926: 4821:"The last duel in Upper Canada" 4588: 4559: 4546: 4533: 4520: 4501: 4487: 4454: 4429: 4408: 4392: 4366: 4316: 4292: 4275: 4262: 4245: 4216: 4192:The Duel: A History of Duelling 4182: 4151: 4081: 4006: 3988: 3963: 3954: 3941: 3910: 3885: 3867: 3847: 3801: 3785: 3768: 3739: 3677: 3659: 3627: 3611: 3593: 3566: 3548: 3524: 3511: 3494: 3476: 3463: 3450: 3438: 3305: 3292: 3277:The Duel: A History of Duelling 3267: 3253: 3208: 3183: 3158: 3122: 3106: 3093: 3028: 3006: 2981: 2938: 2924: 2893: 2884: 2875: 2828: 2798: 2773: 2760: 2729: 2688: 2663: 2646: 2539:PBS. Retrieved February 8, 2014 1217:In 1949, former Vichy official 5555:New International Encyclopedia 5390:Savannah Duels & Duellists 5214:Journal of the Early Republic, 4774:Prowse, Brad (1 August 1998). 4461:Miller, Jeffrey (2003-04-25). 4398:V. Durasov "The Dueling Code" 4335:(2). The History Cooperative. 4329:The American Historical Review 2633: 2613: 2487: 2478: 2469: 2339: 1503:Edward Bruce, 2nd Lord Kinloss 1495:The Courte of Ciuill Courtesie 1367: 1225:Deputy and Mayor of Marseille 1057: 1038:With the end of the duel, the 853:On September 22, 1842, future 552:in 1804. Between 1798 and the 13: 1: 5396:Gentlemen, Swords and Pistols 5309:Journal of the Early Republic 4623:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram (1982). 4312:– via Internet Archive. 4139:. 1 April – 30 September 1839 2717:) ed.). Dublin: Millikin 2462: 1847:Duels were common in much of 1683:Holy Roman Empire and Germany 1319: 999:The last known fatal duel in 807:Another American politician, 219:Early history and Middle Ages 180:Fourth Council of the Lateran 5188:, (Woodbridge: Boydell 2010) 5142:. 2012-01-07. Archived from 4977:. BRILL publications ,1976. 4716:. History.com. July 21, 2014 4508:Caistor, Nick (5 May 2000). 3832:. 1967-04-28. Archived from 3775:"Dueling with Wax Bullets". 3601:"West Virginia Constitution" 3318:Emerging Infectious Diseases 2447:, judicially sanctioned duel 2413:, a set of rules for dueling 2242:imbued their sickles with a 2221: 2103: 2028:duel is a common trope in a 1547:A Polite Exchange of Bullets 1219:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour 1206:Dueling culture survived in 1107:as duels until 1951, when a 1003:was in Perth, in 1833, when 879:, then a contributor to the 765:A 1902 illustration showing 751:Prominent 19th-century duels 451:Enlightenment-era opposition 66:Knowledge's inclusion policy 7: 5471:(Duels in the old Poland), 4914:Daily Life in Ancient India 4793:Dykstra, Robert R. (1983). 4223:Wilson Lyde, John (2004) . 2515:§ 93. 4. Der Zweikampf 2513:, 13th ed., Berlin (1903), 2379: 2308: 2244: 2190:were first recorded in the 2075: 2020:, partly influenced by the 1837: 1770: 973: 716:, published the same year. 607:even expressed a hope that 467:, and new attitudes toward 10: 7100: 5281:Canadian Historical Review 5207:Journal of British Studies 5161: 5041:. PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara. 4825:Radio Canada International 4416:"Pushkin duels. Full list" 3971:"How to Defend a Monopoly" 3635:"Mississippi Constitution" 3504:was killed in a duel with 3445:The Old Cemeteries Society 3312:Schultz, M. (2012-05-24). 3115:, originally published by 2805:Drake, Ross (March 2004). 2495:The Moral World of the Law 2122:Premier of New South Wales 1715:classes, especially among 1482:(an archaic Latin form of 1298: 1187: 1154: 1013:Victoria, British Columbia 951: 934:The works of Russian poet 916: 754: 691:American Revolutionary War 455:By the late 18th century, 222: 213: 29: 7043: 6980: 6935: 6865: 6820: 6750: 6671: 6667: 6656: 6602: 6534: 6472: 6377: 6319: 6277: 6149: 6034: 5986: 5929: 5812: 5732: 5728: 5717: 5684: 5620:The great Winglebury duel 5469:Pojedynki w dawnej Polsce 5037:A. Latief Wiyata (2002). 4944:Travels of Duerte Barbosa 4912:Auboyer, Jeanine (1965). 4856:. Montreal. June 13, 2014 4603:D. Appleton & Company 4299:Kluge, Friedrich (1899). 4133:Medico-Chirurgical Review 3920:depictions of the age of 3809:Lubbock Avalanche-Journal 3456:Holland, Barbara (2003). 3447:(Pioneer Square) pp. 7–9. 3219:February 2, 2008, at the 3099:Edmondson, J. R. (2000), 3035:Sears, Donald A. (1978). 2707:Hamilton, Joseph (1829). 2567:10.1016/j.jce.2020.05.007 2315: 2291:Depiction of the duel of 2084:, then a British colony, 1761: 1741: 1645:Colonel William Fullarton 1449:Great Britain and Ireland 1443: 1122:' constitutions, such as 994: 929: 888: 875:In 1864, American writer 792:Secretary of the Treasury 651:the last-known fatal duel 5636:The Duellists. Fable VI. 5398:, Harnett C. Kane (1951) 5216:29 (Fall 2009), 383–410. 5010:. Concept Pub.Co, 1989. 4595:Sims, J. Marion (1885). 4566:Morgan, William (1838). 4510:"Raúl Rettig (obituary)" 4418:(in Russian). D-push.net 4375:"Polski kodeks honorowy" 4268:O'Faolain, Sean (1938). 4189:Baldick, Robert (1965). 4060:Hoptin (2011), pp. 85–90 3519:Federal Court of Justice 3274:Baldick, Robert (1965). 2362:Filipino martial artists 2282: 2206:were fought between the 2175:The Portuguese traveler 2132: 1701:German school of fencing 1691:, the duel was known as 1651:William Pitt the Younger 1262:Offence and satisfaction 1256: 163:The duel was based on a 6786:Former official sports 6214:Northern Praying Mantis 5789:Mainland Southeast Asia 5570:Encyclopædia Britannica 5448:, Irina Reyfman (1999). 5311:15 (Spring 1995): 1–23. 4931:. Cambridge University. 4129:"Eccentric medical men" 3875:"Two Duel, Both Unhurt" 3826:"People: Apr. 28, 1967" 3747:"Duel With Wax Bullets" 2890:Hoptin (2011), pp.26-27 2839:April 22, 2006, at the 2670:Englund, Peter (2000). 1872:Fernando Belaúnde Terry 1822:in 1837. His successor 1552:In 1777, at the Summer 1535:Charles 4th Baron Mohun 1130:, state members of the 1103:authorities persecuted 980:James Stuart of Dunearn 921:Irish political leader 882:New York Sunday Mercury 339: 333: 327: 321: 272:all shown wearing full 103:, wood-engraving after 6625:Professional wrestling 6292:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 5600:Encyclopedia Americana 5573:(11th ed.). 1911. 5465:Marek Żukow-Karczewski 5454:, Stephen Banks (2010) 5392:, Thomas Gamble (1923) 5382:. (1884); reissued as 5338:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. 5331:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. 5004:George Mathew (1989). 4776:"The General Massacre" 4272:. Mercier Press. p.198 4195:. Chapman & Hall. 3947:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. 3705:Law and History Review 3640:. 2014. Archived from 3330:10.3201/eid1409.086672 3236:"Smithsonian Magazine" 2737:"The Death of Dueling" 2299: 2230:, dueling is known as 2064:. Settlements such as 1990: 1958:Jackson–Dickinson duel 1940: 1929: 1897:A senator, and future 1791: 1593: 1455:Baldassare Castiglione 1419:". In the instance of 1415: 1406: 1385: 1354: 1336: 1166: 1142:From 1921 until 1992, 1095: 1081: 1071: 811:, later to serve as a 774: 723:and the states of the 678: 572:, particularly in the 535: 496:utilitarian philosophy 395: 277: 253: 238: 114: 6721:Demonstration sports 5585:Catholic Encyclopedia 5544:Texts on Wikisource: 5293:10.3138/chr-076-04-01 5179:, Oxford: Shire, 2012 4252:Gwynn, Denis (1947). 4088:Kinard, Jeff (2003). 3936:Tudor-era tournaments 3860:, 28 November 2011. ( 3811:i, 13 November 1949, 3062:Cassidy, William L., 2783:. PBS. Archived from 2770:(2007) 2#1, pp 27–44. 2290: 2259:community was called 2092:on June 13, 1833, in 1969: 1935: 1924: 1886:José Batlle y Ordóñez 1778: 1734:from c. 1600, and as 1689:Early New High German 1612:Dead (and gone) Shots 1586: 1515:Court of Star Chamber 1375: 1164: 1082:Reichsstrafgesetzbuch 764: 743:. Even in the South, 672: 643:James Alexander Seton 526:German students of a 525: 393: 266:Challenge of Barletta 259: 246:Minamoto no Yoshihira 244: 232: 223:Further information: 196:Eastern United States 99: 32:Duel (disambiguation) 6981:Martial arts at the 6936:Martial arts at the 6866:Martial arts at the 6821:Martial arts at the 6801:Invitational sports 6751:Martial arts at the 6672:Martial arts at the 6594:Pencak Silat Harimau 6432:Pencak Silat Harimau 6364:Submission wrestling 6069:Luta Livre esportiva 5359:(Stephen Banks) 2012 4692:DeArment, Robert K. 4598:The Story of My Life 4078:Hoptin (2011), p. 82 4069:Hoptin (2011), p. 81 4046:Hoptin (2011), p. 80 3916:Presumably based on 3854:"Los Últimos Duelos" 3624:, December 15, 2020. 3556:"A Duel with Rifles" 3280:. Chapman & Hall 2811:Smithsonian Magazine 2214:warriors trained in 1608:last duel in England 1460:Libro del Cortegiano 1196:1908 Summer Olympics 1151:Pistol sport dueling 1065:outlawed dueling in 838:In 1827, during the 624:7th Earl of Cardigan 512:abolition of slavery 421:Louis XIII of France 398:The first published 30:For other uses, see 6662:International games 6344:Full contact karate 6334:Professional boxing 6049:Brazilian jiu-jitsu 5408:The Duel: A History 5384:Duelling in America 5225:Freeman, Joanne B. 5097:. Marcialtirada.net 4942:M.L. Dames (1918). 3756:. February 26, 1909 3560:Library of Congress 3018:"Essay on Duelling" 2428:Gladiatorial combat 2181:Vijayanagara Empire 1674:fought a duel with 1663:fought a duel with 1653:fought a duel with 1643:fought a duel with 1519:Earl of Northampton 1273:Bertram Wyatt-Brown 786:, in which notable 659:Emmanuel Barthélemy 585:continental nations 262:Disfida di Barletta 6824:Pan American Games 6501:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu 6412:Jieitaikakutōjutsu 6349:Mixed martial arts 5380:Benjamin C. Truman 5377:The Field of Honor 5357:Duels and Duelling 5324:Williams, Jack K. 5193:King's Law Journal 5177:Duels and Duelling 4752:McGrath, Roger D. 4740:Legends of America 4643:History Detectives 4576:on October 6, 2016 4497:. 26 January 2024. 4285:All the year round 3960:Lynn, p. 255, 257. 3754:The New York Times 3622:The New York Times 3088:Arkansas Toothpick 2520:2013-01-01 at the 2484:Hopton, pp.173-174 2300: 2277:sitobo lalang lipa 2261:sitobo lalang lipa 2128:Eastern traditions 1954:Burr–Hamilton duel 1941: 1930: 1899:President of Chile 1792: 1672:Duke of Wellington 1621:All the Year Round 1439:Western traditions 1421:Richard Brocklesby 1386: 1309:Hamilton–Burr duel 1212:After World War II 1167: 1096:Pastoralis officii 833:Thomas Hart Benton 819:and to become the 795:Alexander Hamilton 784:Burr–Hamilton duel 775: 767:Alexander Hamilton 679: 675:Alexander Hamilton 543:Alexander Hamilton 536: 396: 278: 254: 250:Taira no Shigemori 239: 200:American Civil War 192:Continental Europe 115: 7071: 7070: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7034: 6652: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6615:Martial arts film 5640:Christopher Smart 5257:978-0-7499-2996-1 5219:Cramer, Clayton. 5167:Baldick, Robert. 5017:978-81-7022-282-8 4984:978-90-04-04510-1 4806:978-0-8032-6561-5 4474:978-1-55022-501-3 4238:978-1-4191-5704-2 4202:978-0-600-32837-7 3778:Popular Mechanics 3605:wvlegislature.gov 3506:Horst Krutschinna 3469:R. E. Oakeshott, 3412:Anderson, William 3366:978-0-8476-8227-0 3151:978-0-671-72365-1 3080:978-0-87364-029-9 3016:(February 1817). 2999:978-1-4408-5486-6 2681:978-91-7486-999-6 2332:dueled his rival 2202:, duels known as 2062:Burton C. Mossman 2018:American frontier 1824:Mikhail Lermontov 1816:Alexander Pushkin 1781:Alexander Pushkin 1537:were killed in a 1416:methodus pugnandi 1334:To the death (or 1239:French Parliament 1132:Electoral College 1093:in the encyclica 984:Alexander Boswell 958:Otto von Bismarck 936:Alexander Pushkin 860:, at the time an 825:Charles Dickinson 821:seventh president 687:George Washington 683:Benjamin Franklin 457:Enlightenment era 406:Renaissance Italy 379:During the early 371:, meaning 'war'. 361:Holy Roman Empire 188:Thirty Years' War 184:Holy Roman Empire 94: 93: 86: 16:(Redirected from 7091: 7061: 7060: 7051: 6669: 6668: 6658: 6657: 5730: 5729: 5719: 5718: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5604: 5595:Duel and Dueling 5589: 5574: 5559: 5543: 5530:John Lyde Wilson 5371:John Lyde Wilson 5304: 5261: 5184:Banks, Stephen. 5174:Banks, Stephen. 5155: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5074: 5067: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5048:978-979-949267-8 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4955: 4947: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4796:The Cattle Towns 4790: 4784: 4783: 4771: 4765: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4710: 4704: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4634: 4628: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4605:. pp. 88–99 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4563: 4557: 4550: 4544: 4539:R David Finzer. 4537: 4531: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4412: 4406: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4373:Adamiec, Marek. 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4351:. Archived from 4320: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4279: 4273: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4255:Daniel O'Connell 4249: 4243: 4242: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4186: 4180: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4125: 4114: 4113: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4047: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4025: 4019:. Archived from 4018: 4010: 4004: 4003: 4002:on May 25, 2010. 3998:. Archived from 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3945: 3939: 3938:from the 1540s. 3914: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3871: 3865: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3836:on June 29, 2011 3822: 3816: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3751: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3700: 3689: 3688: 3687:. 10 March 2023. 3681: 3675: 3674: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3646: 3639: 3631: 3625: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3562:. July 17, 2013. 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3542: 3528: 3522: 3515: 3509: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3480: 3474: 3467: 3461: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3324:(9): 1480–1481. 3314:"Rudolf Virchow" 3309: 3303: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3247: 3232: 3223: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3202: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3139: 3126: 3120: 3110: 3104: 3097: 3091: 3060: 3051: 3050: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2942: 2936: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2869: 2854: 2843: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2813:. Archived from 2802: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2792: 2777: 2771: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2754: 2748: 2742:. Archived from 2741: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2715:Internet Archive 2704: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2667: 2661: 2650: 2644: 2637: 2631: 2617: 2611: 2596: 2587: 2586: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2525: 2507: 2498: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2401:Champion warfare 2330:Miyamoto Musashi 2320: 2318: 2317: 2311: 2293:Miyamoto Musashi 2247: 2118:Stuart Donaldson 1926:Wild Bill Hickok 1903:Salvador Allende 1828:Nikolai Martynov 1820:Georges d'Anthès 1785:Georges d'Anthès 1665:Lord Castlereagh 1597:Daniel O'Connell 1562:County Tipperary 1531:Duke of Hamilton 1507:Edward Sackville 1418: 1409: 1359: 1339: 1116:Washington, D.C. 1105:academic fencing 1098: 1084: 1074: 1052:Bronze Age sword 1027:By the start of 946:Georges d'Anthès 923:Daniel O'Connell 900:On 30 May 1832, 663:Englefield Green 445:County Tipperary 342: 336: 330: 324: 89: 82: 78: 75: 69: 45: 44: 37: 21: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7088: 7074: 7073: 7072: 7067: 7031: 6982: 6976: 6937: 6931: 6867: 6861: 6822: 6816: 6752: 6746: 6675:Summer Olympics 6673: 6663: 6644: 6598: 6530: 6468: 6382: 6373: 6324: 6315: 6273: 6269:Yoshukai Karate 6229:Shaolin kung fu 6145: 6030: 6006:Practice weapon 5982: 5925: 5815: 5808: 5734:Regional origin 5724: 5713: 5680: 5675: 5630:Charles Dickens 5625:Sketches by Boz 5592: 5562: 5547: 5535: 5482: 5461: 5459:Further reading 5352: 5317:Steward, Dick. 5271:Kevin McAleer. 5258: 5164: 5159: 5158: 5149: 5147: 5134: 5133: 5129: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5100: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5035: 5031: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5002: 4998: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4969: 4965: 4949: 4948: 4940: 4936: 4925: 4921: 4910: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4877: 4873: 4859: 4857: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4830: 4828: 4827:. June 13, 2014 4819: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4791: 4787: 4780:American Cowboy 4772: 4768: 4751: 4747: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4719: 4717: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4691: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4674:. 12 March 2010 4666: 4665: 4661: 4652: 4650: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4564: 4560: 4551: 4547: 4538: 4534: 4525: 4521: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4459: 4455: 4446: 4444: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4421: 4419: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4397: 4393: 4384: 4382: 4371: 4367: 4358: 4356: 4341:10.2307/1571456 4321: 4317: 4308: 4306: 4297: 4293: 4280: 4276: 4267: 4263: 4250: 4246: 4239: 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4187: 4183: 4159:John of Legnano 4156: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4127: 4126: 4117: 4102: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4050: 4045: 4038: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3980: 3978: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3946: 3942: 3927:Orlando Furioso 3915: 3911: 3902: 3900: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3852: 3848: 3839: 3837: 3824: 3823: 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353:judicial combat 349:Catholic Church 252:(Japan in 1159) 227: 221: 216: 110:Harper's Weekly 105:Godefroy Durand 90: 79: 73: 70: 56:Please help by 55: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7097: 7087: 7086: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7055: 7044: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6988: 6986: 6984:European Games 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6943: 6941: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6873: 6871: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6828: 6826: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6730:Pistol dueling 6727: 6719: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6679: 6677: 6665: 6664: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6612: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6559:Huiyen Lallong 6556: 6551: 6546: 6540: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6516:Shorinji Kempo 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6486:American Kenpo 6482: 6480: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6388: 6386: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6330: 6328: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6306: 6301: 6294: 6289: 6283: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6219:Russian boxing 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6155: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6051: 6046: 6040: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5966:Ranged weapons 5963: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5954:Stick-fighting 5951: 5949:Knife fighting 5941: 5935: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5886: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5820: 5818: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5738: 5736: 5726: 5725: 5723:Classification 5715: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5689:List of styles 5685: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5673: 5666: 5659: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5642: 5632: 5616: 5605: 5590: 5575: 5560: 5533: 5532: 5523: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5480:External links 5478: 5477: 5476: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5425: 5415: 5412:Robert Baldick 5405: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5374: 5362: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5328:(1980) (1999), 5322: 5315: 5312: 5305: 5287:(4): 529–562. 5276: 5269: 5264:Kelly, James. 5262: 5256: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5182: 5172: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5127: 5107: 5086: 5054: 5047: 5029: 5016: 4996: 4983: 4963: 4934: 4927:Roy, Kaushik. 4919: 4901: 4871: 4841: 4812: 4805: 4785: 4766: 4762:978-0520060265 4745: 4727: 4705: 4702:978-0806140766 4685: 4659: 4629: 4616: 4587: 4558: 4545: 4532: 4526:Marc Mancini, 4519: 4500: 4486: 4473: 4453: 4428: 4407: 4391: 4365: 4315: 4291: 4274: 4261: 4244: 4237: 4215: 4201: 4181: 4150: 4115: 4100: 4080: 4071: 4062: 4048: 4036: 4005: 3987: 3962: 3953: 3940: 3909: 3884: 3866: 3846: 3817: 3800: 3784: 3767: 3738: 3717:10.2307/744132 3711:(2): 311–341. 3690: 3676: 3658: 3626: 3610: 3592: 3565: 3547: 3536:memory.loc.gov 3523: 3510: 3493: 3475: 3462: 3449: 3437: 3403: 3388:Buchan, George 3379: 3365: 3345: 3304: 3298:Dennis Gywnn, 3291: 3266: 3252: 3224: 3207: 3182: 3157: 3150: 3130:Carnegie, Dale 3121: 3105: 3092: 3052: 3045: 3027: 3005: 2998: 2980: 2968:Executed Today 2952: 2937: 2923: 2908: 2892: 2883: 2874: 2844: 2827: 2797: 2772: 2759: 2728: 2696: 2687: 2680: 2662: 2658:Hans Talhoffer 2654:MS Thott 290 2 2645: 2639:Hubbard, Ben. 2632: 2629:978-1843835967 2612: 2608:978-0195131956 2588: 2561:(4): 779–796. 2541: 2526: 2524:(pp. 327–333). 2499: 2486: 2477: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2381: 2378: 2374:Zamboanga City 2341: 2338: 2284: 2281: 2223: 2220: 2192:Chainarol-Puya 2177:Duarte Barbosa 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2105: 2102: 2077: 2074: 2044:. Gunfighters 2032:story in most 1973:South Carolina 1965:J. Marion Sims 1918: 1915: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1832:Russian Empire 1772: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1748:Ionian Islands 1743: 1740: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1668: 1661:George Canning 1658: 1655:George Tierney 1648: 1629: 1626: 1477:Medieval Latin 1465:Girolamo Muzio 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1369: 1366: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1332: 1329: 1321: 1318: 1301:Field of Honor 1296: 1295:Field of honor 1293: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1203: 1202:Late survivals 1200: 1188:Main article: 1185: 1182: 1157:Pistol dueling 1155:Main article: 1152: 1149: 1059: 1056: 1021: 1018: 996: 993: 975: 972: 962:Rudolf Virchow 956:In the 1860s, 953: 950: 931: 928: 918: 915: 904:mathematician 890: 887: 809:Andrew Jackson 779: 776: 755:Main article: 752: 749: 745:public opinion 617:non-conformist 605:Queen Victoria 547:Vice President 532:Georg Mühlberg 528:Burschenschaft 519: 518:Modern history 516: 500:Jeremy Bentham 465:civil behavior 452: 449: 376: 373: 235:Sachsenspiegel 220: 217: 215: 212: 208:state capacity 140:and later the 130:single combats 113:(January 1875) 92: 91: 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7096: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7064: 7056: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6939:African Games 6934: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6864: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6819: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6749: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6670: 6666: 6659: 6655: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6610:Fighting game 6608: 6607: 6605: 6603:Entertainment 6601: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6574:Krabi–krabong 6572: 6570: 6569:Kalaripayattu 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6359:Shootfighting 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6326:combat sports 6322: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6276: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6254:Tien Shan Pai 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6179:Choi Kwang-Do 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6016:Pushing hands 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5964: 5960: 5959:Swordsmanship 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5944:Melee weapons 5942: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5709:Hard and soft 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5683: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5665: 5660: 5658: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5617: 5615: 5614:Anton Chekhov 5611: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5440:1-84195-647-3 5437: 5433: 5432:James Landale 5429: 5426: 5423: 5422:Paul Kirchner 5419: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5350:Popular works 5344: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5274: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5173: 5170: 5166: 5165: 5146:on 2016-07-01 5145: 5141: 5137: 5131: 5117: 5111: 5096: 5090: 5075:on 2014-06-06 5071: 5064: 5058: 5050: 5044: 5040: 5033: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5000: 4986: 4980: 4976: 4975: 4967: 4959: 4953: 4945: 4938: 4930: 4923: 4915: 4908: 4906: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4875: 4868: 4855: 4851: 4845: 4838: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4808: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4620: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4591: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4562: 4554: 4549: 4542: 4536: 4529: 4523: 4515: 4511: 4504: 4496: 4490: 4476: 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3630: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3582:on 2016-10-06 3581: 3577: 3576: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3520: 3514: 3507: 3503: 3502:Roland Strunk 3497: 3489: 3488:newadvent.org 3485: 3479: 3472: 3466: 3459: 3453: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3433:public domain 3423: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3349: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3295: 3279: 3278: 3270: 3262: 3256: 3242:on 2014-01-07 3241: 3237: 3231: 3229: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3197:on 2010-07-04 3196: 3192: 3186: 3172:on 2010-06-11 3171: 3167: 3161: 3153: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3096: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3072:0-87364-029-2 3069: 3065: 3059: 3057: 3048: 3046:0-8057-7230-8 3042: 3038: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3001: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2957: 2948: 2941: 2934: 2933: 2927: 2919: 2912: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2887: 2878: 2864:on 2011-07-26 2863: 2859: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2817:on 2014-01-07 2816: 2812: 2808: 2801: 2787:on 2012-11-11 2786: 2782: 2776: 2769: 2763: 2749:on 2014-01-07 2745: 2738: 2732: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2703: 2701: 2694:Lynn, p. 257. 2691: 2683: 2677: 2673: 2666: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2593: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2512: 2509:Franz Liszt, 2506: 2504: 2496: 2490: 2481: 2475:Hopton, p.182 2472: 2468: 2458: 2457:Mutual combat 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2406:Single combat 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2386:List of duels 2384: 2383: 2377: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2334:Sasaki Kojiro 2331: 2326: 2324: 2310: 2305: 2298: 2297:Sasaki Kojirō 2294: 2289: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2216:Kalaripayattu 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2155:Dharmashastra 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2058:Hugh Anderson 2056: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2012: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1989: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1945: 1938: 1934: 1927: 1923: 1917:United States 1914: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1877: 1876:David Waisman 1873: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1849:South America 1843:Latin America 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1790: 1789:Adrian Volkov 1786: 1782: 1777: 1768: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1511:Francis Bacon 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425:Mark Akenside 1422: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1390: 1383: 1379: 1378:Eugene Onegin 1374: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1351: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1312:sobering up. 1310: 1302: 1292: 1288: 1286: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1268: 1254: 1251: 1250:mutual combat 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1199: 1197: 1191: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1163: 1158: 1148: 1145: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124:West Virginia 1121: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1091:Pope Leo XIII 1088: 1087:German Empire 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1064: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1033:Western world 1030: 1025: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 992: 989: 988:George Buchan 985: 981: 978:In Scotland, 971: 969: 968: 963: 959: 949: 947: 943: 942: 941:Eugene Onegin 937: 927: 924: 914: 912: 907: 903: 898: 895: 886: 884: 883: 878: 873: 871: 870:James Shields 867: 863: 859: 856: 851: 849: 845: 841: 840:Sandbar Fight 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 800: 796: 793: 789: 785: 778:United States 772: 768: 763: 758: 757:List of duels 748: 746: 742: 737: 735: 730: 726: 725:Old Southwest 722: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 694: 692: 688: 684: 676: 671: 667: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 639: 637: 636: 631: 630: 625: 620: 618: 614: 610: 609:Lord Cardigan 606: 602: 598: 593: 590: 586: 582: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 548: 544: 541: 533: 529: 524: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 481:police forces 478: 477:industrialize 472: 470: 466: 462: 458: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 426: 422: 418: 413: 411: 407: 403: 402: 392: 388: 386: 382: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 341: 335: 329: 323: 318: 314: 312: 308: 303: 299: 298: 294: 290: 289:judicial duel 287: 283: 275: 271: 267: 263: 258: 251: 247: 243: 236: 231: 226: 225:Single combat 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 176: 174: 173:upper classes 170: 166: 165:code of honor 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 126: 124: 120: 112: 111: 106: 102: 98: 88: 85: 77: 67: 63: 59: 53: 50:This article 48: 39: 38: 33: 19: 6920:Pencak silat 6630:Stage combat 6584:Mardani khel 6506:Jeet Kune Do 6464:Silat Melayu 6427:Pencak silat 6379:Self-defense 6321:Full contact 6308: 6296: 6234:Shoot boxing 6174:Chess boxing 6074:Malla-yuddha 6011:Punching bag 6001:Boxing glove 5938: 5858:Leg strikes 5837:Elbow strike 5823:Arm strikes 5678:Martial arts 5624: 5608: 5598: 5583: 5568: 5553: 5534: 5502: 5468: 5451: 5445: 5427: 5417: 5414:(1965, 1996) 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5376: 5364: 5356: 5339: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5308: 5284: 5280: 5272: 5265: 5247: 5233: 5226: 5220: 5213: 5206: 5199: 5192: 5185: 5176: 5168: 5148:. 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Retrieved 2967: 2946: 2940: 2930: 2926: 2918:The Examiner 2917: 2911: 2901: 2895: 2886: 2877: 2866:. Retrieved 2862:the original 2830: 2819:. Retrieved 2815:the original 2810: 2800: 2789:. Retrieved 2785:the original 2775: 2767: 2762: 2751:. Retrieved 2744:the original 2731: 2719:. Retrieved 2709: 2690: 2671: 2665: 2653: 2648: 2640: 2635: 2620: 2615: 2599: 2558: 2554: 2544: 2510: 2494: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2391:Battle royal 2370: 2366: 2357: 2349: 2343: 2327: 2321:) among the 2301: 2276: 2260: 2250: 2231: 2225: 2212:Ankachekavar 2211: 2198:In medieval 2197: 2191: 2185: 2174: 2167: 2160: 2153: 2151: 2146: 2138: 2136: 2107: 2098:Lower Canada 2082:Upper Canada 2079: 2050:Tom Carberry 2015: 2007: 2002: 1999:Bowie knives 1994: 1991: 1986:scapegoating 1970: 1962: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1911: 1896: 1890: 1880: 1869: 1862: 1856: 1846: 1813: 1805:dueling code 1795: 1793: 1765: 1757: 1745: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1709:Dardi school 1697:Kampffechten 1696: 1692: 1686: 1631: 1619: 1611: 1605: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1523: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1468: 1458: 1452: 1412: 1402:barrier duel 1401: 1399: 1391: 1387: 1362: 1347: 1337:à l'outrance 1323: 1314: 1305: 1289: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1265: 1247: 1243:Enrique Erro 1235:René Ribière 1216: 1205: 1193: 1179: 1168: 1141: 1113: 1089:after 1871. 1072:Duellmandate 1061: 1037: 1026: 1023: 998: 977: 965: 955: 939: 933: 920: 911:urban legend 899: 896: 892: 880: 874: 852: 837: 806: 781: 738: 728: 718: 713: 709: 701: 695: 680: 653:to occur in 640: 635:The Examiner 633: 627: 621: 594: 578: 537: 508:Clapham Sect 493: 485:middle class 473: 454: 430: 414: 399: 397: 378: 368: 364: 346: 309: 295: 279: 274:plate armour 261: 234: 177: 162: 132:fought with 127: 118: 116: 108: 100: 80: 74:January 2023 71: 58:spinning off 51: 6869:Asian Games 6754:World Games 6716:Greco-Roman 6536:Battlefield 6496:Chun Kuk Do 6439:Suffrajitsu 6249:Tang Soo Do 6124:Greco-Roman 5877:Knee strike 5794:Philippines 5475:, 2204, 17. 4854:The Gazette 4609:October 20, 4467:ECW Press. 4165:, cited by 3760:24 December 3671:Ballotpedia 3460:. New York. 3372:27 February 3022:The Portico 2411:Code duello 2396:Blood sport 2340:Philippines 2169:Mahabharata 2147:yuddha-dhan 2090:Robert Lyon 2086:John Wilson 2022:code duello 1977:New Orleans 1907:Raúl Rettig 1753:neckerchief 1705:plate armor 1527:Restoration 1433:Lord Talbot 1429:John Wilkes 1368:Pistol duel 1356:code duello 1285:code duello 1198:in London. 1171:wax bullets 1136:Mississippi 1120:U.S. states 1101:West German 1058:Legislation 1040:dress sword 1029:World War I 1009:John Wilson 1007:challenged 1005:Robert Lyon 967:Trichinella 844:James Bowie 829:John Sevier 790:and former 773:, July 1804 649:. However, 538:The former 534:(1863–1925) 504:Evangelical 417:aristocracy 410:Renaissance 401:code duello 381:Renaissance 311:pas d'armes 142:small sword 6911:2018 Only 6772:Kickboxing 6526:Qwan Ki Do 6454:To-Shin Do 6384:combatives 6354:Pankration 6339:Kickboxing 6310:Xingyiquan 6298:Baguazhang 6264:Wudangquan 6194:Kickboxing 6089:Shuai jiao 5899:Joint lock 5816:techniques 5150:2012-10-22 5121:2012-10-22 5101:2012-10-22 5023:2007-12-28 4990:2007-12-28 4720:October 4, 4653:2012-07-22 4480:2010-05-30 4447:2010-05-30 4422:2012-10-22 4385:2010-05-30 4359:2021-10-07 4309:2021-10-07 4225:"Appendix" 4173:3. Duellum 4030:2014-05-17 3981:2012-10-22 3903:2010-05-30 3862:Translated 3840:2010-05-30 3586:2016-07-29 3541:2016-07-29 3246:2010-05-30 3201:2010-05-30 3176:2010-05-30 3014:Neal, John 2973:25 October 2868:2010-05-30 2821:2012-10-22 2791:2012-10-22 2753:2014-01-07 2463:References 2433:Gunfighter 2358:huego-todo 2304:Edo period 2070:Dodge City 2030:gunfighter 2026:quick draw 1963:Physician 1404:or a duel 1382:Ilya Repin 1320:Conditions 1307:where the 1267:offender. 877:Mark Twain 866:legislator 802:Aaron Burr 788:Federalist 771:Aaron Burr 566:midshipmen 550:Aaron Burr 461:politeness 293:Viking Age 62:relocating 7027:Wrestling 7022:Taekwondo 6972:Wrestling 6967:Taekwondo 6902:Wrestling 6897:Taekwondo 6857:Wrestling 6852:Taekwondo 6795:Taekwondo 6777:Muay Thai 6712:freestyle 6708:Wrestling 6703:Taekwondo 6579:Krav Maga 6491:Angampora 6459:Wing Chun 6417:Krav Maga 6407:Kajukenbo 6369:Vale Tudo 6244:Taekwondo 6209:Muay Thai 6199:Kun Khmer 6129:Mongolian 6119:freestyle 6099:Wrestling 6058:Para judo 6036:Grappling 5889:Grappling 5827:Chokehold 5757:Indonesia 5301:162014999 4952:cite book 4946:. London. 4678:3 January 3733:144994172 3037:John Neal 2932:The Times 2652:In 1459 ( 2583:226195079 2575:0147-5967 2222:Indonesia 2186:Duels in 2162:Manusmṛti 2143:kshatriya 2137:Duels or 2104:Australia 2066:Tombstone 1981:Tennessee 1853:Argentina 1722:The term 1713:bourgeois 1578:Roscommon 1525:with the 1469:Il Duello 1407:à volonté 1229:insulted 1223:Socialist 1109:Göttingen 1063:Charles I 855:President 835:in 1813. 817:U.S. Army 741:Civil War 706:Baltimore 702:Keep Cool 698:John Neal 629:The Times 601:cashiered 558:U.S. Navy 554:Civil War 425:Louis XIV 385:gentleman 317:hastilude 307:chivalric 7078:Category 7012:Muaythai 6762:Ju-jitsu 6635:Tricking 6619:Chanbara 6521:Unifight 6474:Eclectic 6449:Taekkyon 6397:Bartitsu 6279:Internal 6169:Capoeira 6151:Striking 6079:Pehlwani 6026:Sparring 5988:Training 5976:Shooting 5921:Stand-up 5909:Takedown 5862:Footwork 5852:Headbutt 5814:Unarmed 5699:Timeline 5609:The Duel 5473:Przekrój 5467:(1987), 5434:(2005). 5209:528–558. 5195:575–594. 5140:Sun.Star 4885:ABC News 4860:June 13, 4831:June 13, 4580:July 28, 4530:, p. 236 4441:BBC News 4208:19 April 4167:du Cange 4163:De Bello 4143:19 April 4110:60395313 3922:chivalry 3918:romantic 3651:28 April 3390:(1823). 3284:19 April 3217:Archived 3132:(1982). 3119:magazine 2837:Archived 2518:Archived 2439:Holmgang 2380:See also 2257:Makassar 2208:Chekavar 2139:niyuddha 2112:between 2046:Jim Levy 2011:Kentucky 1956:and the 1838:Americas 1717:students 1350:deloping 1231:Gaullist 1128:Kentucky 974:Scotland 862:Illinois 710:Randolph 570:chivalry 469:violence 297:holmgang 286:medieval 169:nobility 158:shooting 18:Duelling 7084:Dueling 7063:Outline 6997:Fencing 6952:Fencing 6887:Jujutsu 6837:Fencing 6688:Fencing 6564:Jujutsu 6549:Bokator 6544:Banshay 6478:hybrids 6444:Systema 6402:Hapkido 6304:Tai chi 6259:Vovinam 6204:Lethwei 6109:Cornish 6064:Jujutsu 6021:Randori 5971:Archery 5931:Weapons 5804:Vietnam 5777:Okinawa 5767:Ireland 5762:Italian 5704:Records 5694:History 5603:. 1920. 5558:. 1905. 5550:Dueling 5505:: 1–35. 5494:" mimeo 5386:(1993). 5342:(1982), 5321:(2000), 5202:87–106. 5162:Sources 4867:Canada. 4556:253-254 4349:1571456 3858:LaRed21 3339:2603088 2721:29 June 2346:Visayas 2325:class. 2323:samurai 2236:celurit 2188:Manipur 2120:(later 2088:killed 2055:cowboys 1891:El País 1882:Uruguay 1864:facones 1858:gauchos 1801:Peter I 1746:In the 1732:duellum 1582:Ireland 1558:Clonmel 1554:assizes 1499:James I 1480:duellum 1237:at the 1233:Deputy 1144:Uruguay 1085:of the 1077:Prussia 1001:Ontario 952:Germany 917:Ireland 815:in the 729:dueling 655:England 647:Gosport 581:England 441:Clonmel 437:assizes 433:Ireland 365:duellum 282:Western 270:knights 214:History 154:Fencing 150:pistols 146:England 123:weapons 7053:Portal 7007:Karate 6992:Boxing 6962:Karate 6947:Boxing 6915:Kurash 6892:Karate 6877:Boxing 6847:Karate 6832:Boxing 6805:Aikido 6767:Karate 6740:Savate 6698:Karate 6683:Boxing 6511:Shooto 6287:Aikido 6239:Savate 6189:Karate 6164:Boxing 6044:Barróg 5872:Flying 5847:Ground 5842:Clinch 5799:Russia 5747:Europe 5438: 5424:(2004) 5335:(1986) 5299: 5275:(1994) 5268:(1995) 5254: 5079:18 May 5045: 5014: 4981: 4894:24 May 4803: 4760: 4700: 4471: 4402: 4347: 4235: 4199: 4108: 4098: 3932:p. 575 3731: 3725:744132 3723: 3363: 3336: 3148: 3078: 3070: 3043: 2996: 2678: 2627: 2606: 2581: 2573: 2265:sarong 2245:khodam 2238:. 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