221:, to mock various groups online. One of these caricatures was "Doomers", 20-somethings who had "simply stopped trying". The meme first appeared on 4chan's /r9k/ board in September 2018. The image typically depicts the Wojak character in dark clothing, including a dark beanie, smoking a cigarette. "Doomer" themed playlists, featuring this wojak along with slowed down music edits (often involving post-punk or rock) reached popularity on YouTube, especially during the Covid-19 lockdowns. The archetype often embodies
1999:
1667:
2019:
2009:
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27:
422:
Further investigations have not only revealed these oil and gas industry PR tactics, but that they have infiltrated many many top university climate programs. Congressional hearings on April 30, 2024 reveal the PR pushed by these oil companies through the climate schools in conjunction with major media organizations. Discourses of delay are prominent in the documentations revealed.
197:, modify their homes for the apocalypse, and to consider not having children. Not all "peakniks" subscribed to a fatalist outlook. U.S. Army Ranger Chris Lisle, when writing recommendations on how to survive the societal collapse, suggested that fellow doomers "adopt a positive attitude," because, as he put it, "Hard times don't last, hard people do."
421:
Social science has debunked this theory since around 2019, where many studies show that humans react differently to different messaging, and for most the level of concern expressed should match the level of danger. Health science also informs that effect is powerful in motivating change in behavior.
313:". As of March 2020, the paper had been downloaded more than a half-million times. In it, Bendell claims there is no chance to avert a near-term breakdown in human civilization, but that people must instead prepare to live with and prepare for the
414:. In "Discourses of climate delay" presented by Lamb, et al in the journal Global Sustainability, the category of "Surrender" was elicited from study of publications on delay tactics used by industry public relations. A 2023 survey by
296:. In addition to popularizing the term among general audiences, Franzen's piece was highly popular among online Doomer communities, including the Facebook groups Near Term Human Extinction Support Group and Abrupt Climate Change.
324:
described
Bendell's paper as "pseudo-scientific nonsense", saying Bendell's "doomist framing" was a "dangerous new strain of crypto-denialism" that would "lead us down the very same path of inaction as outright
816:
890:
1095:
Teaching students about concepts worth striving for – such as radical hope or solarpunk – can prompt them to think of solutions to problems rather than feeling indifference or helplessness.
867:
771:
748:
926:
247:
that the doomer meme depicts young men who "are no longer pursuing friendships or relationships, and get no joy from anything because they know that the world is coming to an end."
990:
Peters, Ellen; Boyd, Patrick; Cameron, Linda D; Contractor, Noshir; Diefenbach, Michael A; Fleszar-Pavlovic, Sara; Markowitz, Ezra; Salas, Renee N; Stephens, Keri K (25 May 2022).
637:
434:, which reject the hopeless view of the future. Solarpunk is a left-leaning movement that rejects the tropes of doomerist media present in television-shows like
1559:
305:
714:
965:
812:
415:
266:
as "a quickly sketched cartoon woman with black hair, black clothes, and sad eyes ringed with red makeup". The doomer girl character often appears in
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882:
684:
859:
763:
739:
909:
797:
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556:
356:
348:
250:
A related meme format, "doomer girl", began appearing on 4chan in
January 2020, and it soon moved to other online communities, including
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1497:
951:
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1220:
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1703:
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660:
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where members discussed the theorized point in time when oil extraction would stop due to lack of resources, followed by
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to signal the beginning of the artists' group the Dark
Mountain Project, critiques the idea of progress. According to
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1876:
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121:, arose primarily on social media. Some doomers assert that there is a possibility these problems will bring about
391:, in contrast to the typically optimistic undertones of the genre. Amy Brady, a climate fiction columnist for the
335:
argues that the paper is an example of "climate doomism" that "relies heavily on misinterpreted climate science".
1630:
1564:
705:
143:
have related doomerism to
Malthusianism, an economic philosophy holding that human resource use will eventually
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2461:
2446:
1891:
1579:
2565:
2012:
604:""Humans will be extinct by 2026" – doom-and-gloom prophet Professor Guy McPherson on abrupt climate change"
182:. Doomers of the mid-aughts subscribed to various ideas on how to face this impending collapse, including
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1906:
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1604:
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titled "What if We
Stopped Pretending?". The piece made an argument against the possibility of averting
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193:
Canadian self-identified doomer Paul
Chefurka hosted a website where he encouraged his readers to eat
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42:
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The term "doomer" was reported in 2008 as being used in early internet peaknik communities, as on
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2002:
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418:
suggests that promotion of inaction due to fear, doomerism, or fatalism is relatively minor.
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509: – Interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
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530: – Phenomenon in which populations temporarily exceed carrying capacity of environment
102:
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2018:
992:"Evidence-based recommendations for communicating the impacts of climate change on health"
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883:"Climatologist Michael E Mann: 'Good people fall victim to doomism. I do too sometimes'"
309:
as "the closest thing to a manifesto for a generation of self-described 'climate doomers
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16:
Person who believes global problems will inevitably cause the collapse of civilization
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395:, says the genre has moved from future scenarios to near-past and present stories.
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Informal activist-style writing, several lines with serious allegations not cited.
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262:, often by women claiming it from its 4chan origins. This format is described by
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Future scenarios : how communities can adapt to peak oil and climate change
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interacting with the original doomer character. The format is often compared to
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1080:"Embrace students' eco-anxiety to spur critical and systemic climate action"
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813:"Breaking up over climate change: My deep dark journey into doomer Facebook"
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966:"Climate Change in the American Mind: Beliefs and Attitudes, Spring 2023"
506:
479:
267:
183:
860:"The faulty science, doomism, and flawed conclusions of Deep Adaptation"
521: – Movement towards a refined, improved, or otherwise desired state
387:, described the development of a popular and growing strain of "doomer"
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2113:
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1979:
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1111:. Center for Sustainable Futures; Teachers College, Columbia University
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128:
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describes sustainability professor Jem
Bendell's self-published paper
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503: – Culture that has emerged from the use of computer networks
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2103:
910:"It's the End of the World as We Know It . . . and He Feels Fine"
578:"Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind"
255:
2033:
858:
Nicholas, Thomas; Hall, Galen; Schmidt, Colleen (14 July 2020).
515: – Belief in a coming fundamental transformation of society
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374:, critics called Kingsnorth and his sympathizers "doomers", "
210:
206:
85:
are people who are extremely pessimistic or fatalistic about
282:
The term "doomer" was popularized in commentary surrounding
989:
837:"The 'climate doomers' preparing for society to fall apart"
740:"The Misogynistic Joke That Became a Goth-Meme Fairy Tale"
300:
342:'s framing of the climate crisis, which he presents in "
1162:– A journal article discussing peak oil and "Doomsters"
523:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
484:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1560:
International
Conference on Population and Development
790:"Meet 'Doomer Girl,' the new voice of a classic meme"
352:, as being among "the prominent doomist narratives."
306:
Deep
Adaptation: A Map for Navigating Climate Tragedy
1100:
857:
783:
781:
547: – Concept articulated by Michael Dowd in 2019
491: – Process of reduction of industrial activity
430:Alternatives to doomerism include radical hope and
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943:"The Hottest New Literary Genre Is 'Doomer Lit'"
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497: – Anguish in response to ecological loss
2049:
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691:
1046:
970:Yale Program on Climate Change Communication
644:
225:and despair, with a belief in the incipient
1585:United Nations world population conferences
1106:
1078:Rojas Solorio, Luis Gerardo (8 July 2022).
1053:Current Directions in Psychological Science
630:"Only 2020 could bring us words like these"
557:What a Way to Go: Life at the End of Empire
357:Uncivilization: The Dark Mountain Manifesto
349:The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming
186:, as well as more contemporary feelings of
2056:
2042:
1704:
1690:
1498:Population and housing censuses by country
1188:
1174:
683:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
470: – Anarchist critique of civilization
446:by instead imagining and working toward a
1132:"What does a solarpunk future look like?"
1023:
539:Pessimism#Technological and environmental
476: – Political and economic think tank
403:Doomerism has been alleged to be used by
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
1221:Estimates of historical world population
787:
650:
482: – Ideological position in futurism
815:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
810:
761:
736:
553: – Fall of a complex human society
2756:
1129:
939:
834:
804:
762:Keating, Shannon (11 September 2019).
640:from the original on 28 December 2020.
410:to sow doubt about the feasibility of
2545:Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral
2037:
1897:Permaculture Institute of El Salvador
1685:
1169:
929:from the original on 25 January 2021.
903:
880:
870:from the original on 26 January 2021.
847:from the original on 11 January 2021.
702:
163:
2008:
1654:
1047:Slovic, Paul; Peters, Ellen (2006).
881:Watts, Jonathan (27 February 2021).
788:Martinez, Ignacio (7 January 2020).
737:Tiffany, Kaitlyn (3 February 2020).
717:from the original on 5 January 2021.
117:. The term, and its associated term
20:
1590:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
1130:Houser, Kristin (5 December 2020).
13:
893:from the original on 14 June 2022.
819:from the original on 4 March 2020.
811:Purtill, James (7 November 2019).
14:
2790:
2774:Internet memes introduced in 2018
2063:
1877:Centre for Alternative Technology
1482:Population and Development Review
1153:
996:Translational Behavioral Medicine
954:from the original on 4 June 2020.
940:Knibbs, Kate (17 February 2020).
800:from the original on 4 June 2020.
774:from the original on 4 June 2020.
751:from the original on 4 June 2020.
655:. White River Junction, Vermont.
2017:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1711:
1666:
1665:
1653:
1530:Population concern organizations
1236:Projections of population growth
1065:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00461.x
541: – Negative mental attitude
378:", and "crazy collapsitarians".
200:
147:, leading to societal collapse,
25:
1631:Human impact on the environment
1565:Population Action International
1107:BrightFlame (20 January 2022).
1040:
983:
958:
703:White, Patrick (7 March 2008).
425:
115:runaway artificial intelligence
1892:Permaculture College Australia
1580:United Nations Population Fund
1195:
835:Hunter, Jack (16 March 2020).
596:
570:
1:
2566:The Moon and the Sledgehammer
563:
559: – 2007 documentary film
450:future where climate change,
338:Michael Mann has also listed
241:. Kaitlyn Tiffany writes in
1049:"Risk Perception and Affect"
398:
145:exceed resource availability
7:
1907:Pomona College Organic Farm
1887:Permaculture Action Network
1849:Three Sisters (agriculture)
1605:World Population Foundation
1595:World Population Conference
1508:World population milestones
1109:"Towards Solarpunk Futures"
915:The New York Times Magazine
461:
277:
45:. The specific problem is:
10:
2795:
1477:Population and Environment
706:"Life after the oil crash"
167:
158:
2603:
2536:
2485:
2379:
2323:
2315:Twelve Tribes communities
2222:
2071:
1993:
1915:
1862:
1816:
1760:
1719:
1649:
1613:
1538:
1490:
1469:
1387:Human population planning
1352:
1298:
1249:
1211:Demographics of the world
1203:
917:. pp. 28–33, 46–47.
329:". An essay published on
315:effects of climate change
209:users had begun creating
2779:Internet meme characters
1882:Permaculture Association
1392:Compulsory sterilization
651:Holmgren, David (2009).
381:Kate Knibbs, writing in
170:Peak oil § Peakists
2305:Testimony of simplicity
2223:Religious and spiritual
2184:Subsistence agriculture
2179:Slow movement (culture)
1334:Malthusian growth model
393:Chicago Review of Books
360:, published in 2009 by
344:The Uninhabitable Earth
229:to causes ranging from
195:lower on the food chain
2636:Appropriate technology
2194:Sustainable sanitation
2139:Low-impact development
1925:People in permaculture
1844:Spent mushroom compost
1461:Zero population growth
1456:Sustainable population
1380:Malthusian catastrophe
1339:Overshoot (population)
1216:Demographic transition
1084:Times Higher Education
528:Overshoot (population)
188:resignation and defeat
2552:Escape from Affluenza
2129:Intentional community
1752:Synergistic gardening
1570:Population Connection
1434:Mere addition paradox
1273:Physiological density
327:climate change denial
217:suffix, derived from
213:caricatures with the
2676:Front Porch Republic
2666:Ecological footprint
2486:Modern-day adherents
1798:Raised-bed gardening
1600:World Population Day
1555:Church of Euthanasia
1444:Non-identity problem
1419:Political demography
1375:Human overpopulation
636:. 28 December 2020.
458:have been overcome.
294:climatic catastrophe
103:ecological overshoot
52:improve this article
41:to meet Knowledge's
2743:Work–life interface
2626:Anarcho-primitivism
2467:Henry David Thoreau
2351:Open Source Ecology
1902:Plants for a Future
1783:Holzer Permaculture
1449:Reproductive rights
1280:Population dynamics
1231:Population momentum
1008:10.1093/tbm/ibac029
489:Deindustrialization
468:Anarcho-primitivism
443:The Handmaid's Tale
340:David Wallace Wells
2701:Intentional living
2587:Small Is Beautiful
2462:George Skene Keith
2310:Tolstoyan movement
2209:War tax resistance
2189:Sustainable living
1960:Patrick Whitefield
1872:Beacon Food Forest
1768:Companion planting
1575:Population Matters
1290:Population pyramid
1268:Population density
1263:Population decline
764:"Against Nihilism"
711:The Globe and Mail
371:The New York Times
320:Climate scientist
237:to (more locally)
231:climate apocalypse
164:Peaknik subculture
153:population decline
2751:
2750:
2711:Rainbow Gathering
2580:The Power of Half
2573:Mother Earth News
2392:Ernest Callenbach
2324:Secular movements
2031:
2030:
1917:Permaculturalists
1824:Composting toilet
1679:
1678:
1550:7 Billion Actions
1424:Population ethics
1317:Carrying capacity
1226:Population growth
907:(20 April 2014).
662:978-1-60358-206-3
610:. 20 January 2023
584:. 2 December 2014
551:Societal collapse
452:income inequality
286:'s 2019 essay in
184:doomsday prepping
180:societal collapse
80:
79:
72:
43:quality standards
34:This article may
2786:
2651:Critique of work
2631:Anti-consumerism
2498:Robin Greenfield
2457:E. F. Schumacher
2397:G. K. Chesterton
2331:Back-to-the-land
2169:Self-sufficiency
2109:Forest gardening
2058:
2051:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1778:Grassed waterway
1773:Forest gardening
1706:
1699:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1669:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1626:Green Revolution
1407:Two-child policy
1402:One-child policy
1325:
1285:Population model
1241:World population
1190:
1183:
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524:
519:Myth of Progress
501:Internet culture
495:Ecological grief
485:
416:Yale Climate 360
408:public relations
312:
284:Jonathan Franzen
239:opioid addiction
227:end of the world
123:human extinction
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
29:
28:
21:
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2681:Green anarchism
2599:
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2380:Notable writers
2375:
2371:Transition town
2319:
2275:New Monasticism
2218:
2067:
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2032:
2027:
1989:
1911:
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1715:
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1414:Overconsumption
1397:Family planning
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389:climate fiction
362:Paul Kingsnorth
322:Michael E. Mann
310:
280:
203:
176:internet forums
172:
166:
161:
141:Michael Ruppert
133:Paul R. Ehrlich
111:nuclear weapons
87:global problems
76:
65:
59:
56:
49:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2792:
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2738:Sustainability
2735:
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2723:Low-technology
2720:
2715:
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2713:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2691:Global warming
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149:social unrest
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2696:Hedonophobia
2656:Deep ecology
2592:
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2571:
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2557:
2550:
2427:Satish Kumar
2285:Plain people
2250:Distributism
2164:Sattvic diet
2154:Permaculture
2149:Off-the-grid
2124:Gift economy
2094:Downshifting
2084:Cord-cutting
1970:Paul Wheaton
1965:Paul Stamets
1950:Geoff Lawton
1737:Mycoforestry
1732:Ecosynthesis
1713:Permaculture
1658:
1470:Publications
1429:Antinatalism
1367:
1344:World3 model
1204:Major topics
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1102:
1094:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1073:
1056:
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999:
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973:. Retrieved
969:
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887:The Guardian
886:
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853:
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793:
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745:The Atlantic
744:
710:
652:
646:
633:
624:
612:. Retrieved
607:
598:
586:. Retrieved
581:
572:
474:Club of Rome
442:
437:Black Mirror
435:
429:
426:Alternatives
420:
405:oil industry
402:
392:
382:
380:
369:
366:Dougald Hine
355:
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337:
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268:image macros
264:The Atlantic
263:
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244:The Atlantic
242:
214:
204:
192:
173:
127:
118:
82:
81:
66:
57:
50:Please help
46:
35:
18:
2764:Survivalism
2728:Nonviolence
2646:Consumerism
2641:Bohemianism
2616:Agrarianism
2472:Leo Tolstoy
2402:Duane Elgin
2361:Small house
2280:Plain dress
2270:Monasticism
2265:Mindfulness
2174:Slow living
1985:Sepp Holzer
1955:Ianto Evans
1940:David Blume
1747:Polyculture
1727:Agroecology
1353:Society and
1312:Biocapacity
713:. Toronto.
608:BizNews.com
507:Meteorology
480:Cornucopian
448:sustainable
272:rage comics
129:Malthusians
54:if you can.
2758:Categories
2671:Food miles
2621:Amateurism
2513:Jim Merkel
2493:Mark Boyle
2447:Nick Rosen
2366:Tiny house
2300:Temperance
2245:Detachment
2240:Asceticism
2235:Aparigraha
2114:Freeganism
2099:Dry toilet
2023:Wiktionary
1980:Ruth Stout
1817:Components
1761:Techniques
1540:Events and
1355:population
1301:Population
1252:Population
1197:Population
1141:18 October
1115:18 October
1089:18 October
671:1021809104
614:20 October
588:20 October
564:References
168:See also:
2718:Itinerant
2611:Affluenza
2295:Rastafari
2260:Mendicant
2144:No frills
2119:Frugality
2089:DIY ethic
2072:Practices
1834:Leaf mold
1829:Folkewall
1808:Waru Waru
1636:Migration
1513:6 billion
1136:Freethink
1016:1869-6716
923:0028-7822
679:cite book
545:Post-doom
432:solarpunk
399:Criticism
376:nihilists
205:By 2018,
119:doomerism
107:pollution
60:June 2024
2769:Nihilism
2733:Peak oil
2661:Degrowth
2477:Valluvar
2336:Car-free
2199:Veganism
2003:Category
1854:Tree bog
1720:Sciences
1671:Category
1439:Natalism
1362:Eugenics
1034:35613000
952:Archived
927:Archived
891:Archived
868:Archived
845:Archived
841:BBC News
817:Archived
798:Archived
772:Archived
749:Archived
715:Archived
638:Archived
582:BBC News
462:See also
278:In media
235:peak oil
223:nihilism
219:"boomer"
95:peak oil
89:such as
36:require
2706:commune
2604:Related
2290:Quakers
2104:Fasting
2013:Commons
1660:Commons
1303:ecology
1254:biology
1025:9274986
975:26 June
256:Twitter
159:History
83:Doomers
38:cleanup
2594:Walden
2528:Thomas
2346:Hippie
2159:Regift
2079:Barter
1370:genics
1032:
1022:
1014:
921:
669:
659:
454:, and
346:" and
260:Tumblr
258:, and
252:Reddit
215:-oomer
113:, and
2537:Media
2523:Suelo
2230:Amish
2214:WWOOF
1839:Mulch
1491:Lists
948:Wired
634:Grist
384:Wired
211:Wojak
207:4chan
151:, or
131:like
2356:Slow
1143:2022
1117:2022
1091:2022
1030:PMID
1012:ISSN
977:2024
919:ISSN
685:link
667:OCLC
657:ISBN
616:2023
590:2023
440:and
364:and
299:The
139:and
1368:Dys
1061:doi
1020:PMC
1004:doi
301:BBC
233:to
2760::
1134:.
1093:.
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1055:.
1051:.
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1010:.
1000:12
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