Human overpopulation

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perceiving continued rapid population growth as a primary driver behind many ecological and even societal threats," they wrote. "By failing to adequately limit population growth, reassess the role of an economy rooted in growth, reduce greenhouse gases, incentivize renewable energy, protect habitat, restore ecosystems, curb pollution, halt defaunation, and constrain invasive alien species, humanity is not taking the urgent steps needed to safeguard our imperilled biosphere." This second scientists’ warning urged attention to both excessive consumption and continued population growth. Like its predecessor, it did not specify a definite global human carrying capacity. But its call to action included "estimating a scientifically defensible, sustainable human population size for the long term while rallying nations and leaders to support that vital goal."

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change the sources, uses, and distribution of energy forms, including the release of geologically trapped energy (i.e. coal, petroleum, uranium). In total, humans have altered nature at the planetary scale, given modern levels of human-contributed aerosols and gases, the global distribution of radionuclides, organic pollutants and mercury, and ecosystem disturbances of terrestrial and marine environments. Approximately 17,000 monitored populations of 4005 vertebrate species have suffered a 60% decline between 1970 and 2014, and ~1 million species face extinction, many within decades. Humans' extensive 'technosphere', now reaches ~30 Tt, including waste products from non-renewable resources.

2073:"in a world in which everybody had many children, extreme scarcity would arise and stable institutions could prove unsustainable. This would lead to violation of (rather uncontroversial) rights such as the right to life and to health and subsistence." In the actual world today, excessive procreation could also undermine our descendants' right to have children, since people are likely to refrain (and perhaps should refrain) from bringing children into an insecure and dangerous world. Meijers, Sarah Conly, Diana Coole, and other ethicists conclude that people have a right to found a family, but not to unlimited numbers of children. 323: 1742: 1952: 331: 350: 884: 2216:

commitment to enlarging the moral community to include nonhuman beings logically entails people’s willingness to limit their numbers and make room for them. Ecological economists like Herman Daly and Joshua Farley believe that reducing populations will make it easier to achieve steady-state economies that decrease total consumption and pollution to manageable levels. Finally, as Karin Kuhlemann observes, "that a population's size is stable in no way entails sustainability. It may be sustainable, or it may be far too large."

15476: 1424: 656: 15545: 511:, during the 18th century, the rate of population growth began to increase. By the end of the century, the world's population was estimated at just under 1 billion. At the turn of the 20th century, the world's population was roughly 1.6 billion. By 1940, this figure had increased to 2.3 billion. Even more dramatic growth beginning in 1950 (above 1.8% per year) coincided with greatly increased food production as a result of the industrialization of agriculture brought about by the 692: 15488: 14010: 13123: 11308: 519: 13221: 13135: 14021: 1862:. If the resources of space were opened to use and viable life-supporting habitats were built, Earth would no longer define the limitations of growth. Although many of Earth's resources are non-renewable, off-planet colonies could satisfy the majority of the planet's resource requirements. With the availability of extraterrestrial resources, demand on terrestrial ones would decline. Proponents of this idea include 11296: 2069:(ICPD) defines reproductive rights as "the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing, and timing of their children and to have the information to do so." This oversimplification of human overpopulation leads individuals to believe there are simple solutions and the creation of population policies that limit reproductive rights. 515:. The rate of human population growth peaked in 1964, at about 2.1% per year. Recent additions of a billion humans happened very quickly: 33 years to reach three billion in 1960, 14 years for four billion in 1974, 13 years for five billion in 1987, 12 years for six billion in 1999, 11 years for seven billion in 2010, and 12 years for 8 billion toward the end of 2022. 1689:," including a majority of the living Nobel prize-winners in the sciences. "The earth is finite," they wrote. "Its ability to absorb wastes and destructive effluent is finite. Its ability to provide food and energy is finite. Its ability to provide for growing numbers of people is finite. And we are fast approaching many of the earth's limits." The warning noted: 504:. Farming allowed for the growth of populations in many parts of the world, including Europe, the Americas and China through the 1600s, occasionally disrupted by plagues or other crises. For example, the Black Death is thought to have reduced the world's population, then at an estimated 450 million in 1350, to between 350 and 375 million by 1400. 1793:(some 80 million unintended pregnancies each year). An estimated 350 million women in the poorest countries of the world either did not want their last child, do not want another child or want to space their pregnancies, but they lack access to information, affordable means and services to determine the size and spacing of their families. In the 745:, criticized population at the time: "Our numbers are burdensome to the world, which can hardly support us... In very deed, pestilence, and famine, and wars, and earthquakes have to be regarded as a remedy for nations, as the means of pruning the luxuriance of the human race." Despite those concerns, scholars have not found historic 907:, Ehrlich stated, "In the 1970s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now," with later editions changing to "in the 1980s". Despite admitting some of his earlier predictions did not come to pass, Ehrlich continues to advocate that overpopulation is a major issue. 6833:

Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Beattie, Andrew; Ceballos, Gerardo; Crist, Eileen; Diamond, Joan; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Ehrlich, Anne H.; Harte, John; Harte, Mary Ellen; Pyke, Graham; Raven, Peter H.; Ripple, William J.; Saltré, Frédérik; Turnbull, Christine; Wackernagel, Mathis; Blumstein, Daniel

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asserts that a nation's population growth rapidly declines - even within a single generation - when policies relating to women's health and reproductive rights, children's health (to ensure parents they will survive to adulthood), and expanding education and economic opportunities for girls and women

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A follow-up scientists’ warning on climate change in 2021 reiterated the need to plan and limit human numbers to achieve sustainability, proposing as a goal "stabilizing and gradually reducing the population by providing voluntary family planning and supporting education and rights for all girls and

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for humans; the maximum population the world can host. A 2004 meta-analysis of 69 such studies from 1694 until 2001 found the average predicted maximum number of people the Earth would ever have was 7.7 billion people, with lower and upper meta-bounds at 0.65 and 98 billion people, respectively. They

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Scholar Heather Alberro rejects the overpopulation argument, stating that the human population growth is rapidly slowing down, the underlying problem is not the number of people, but how resources are distributed and that the idea of overpopulation could fuel a racist backlash against the population

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projects the world population, which is 7.8 billion as of 2020, to level out around 2100 at 10.9 billion with other models proposing similar stabilization before or after 2100. Some experts believe that a combination of factors (including technological and social change) would allow global resources

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On the contrary, we devoted an entire section to the interacting and inter-dependent components of overpopulation and overconsumption, which are, for instance, also central tenets of the recent Economics of Biodiversity review (Dasgupta, 2021). Therein, the dynamic socio-ecological model shows that

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In response, philosopher Tim Meijers asks the question: "To what extent is it fair to require people to refrain from procreating as part of a strategy to make the world more sustainable?" Meijers rejects the idea that the right to reproduce can be unlimited, since this would not be universalizable:

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emissions from fossil fuel combustion." "Therefore," the study noted: "we need bold and drastic transformations regarding economic and population policies." "The world population must be stabilized—and, ideally, gradually reduced," it concluded, implying that humanity is overpopulated given current

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When is an area overpopulated? When its population cannot be maintained without rapidly depleting nonrenewable resources (or converting renewable resources into nonrenewable ones) and without decreasing the capacity of the environment to support the population. In short, if the long-term carrying

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that rhetoric supporting the increase of city density is a means of avoiding dealing with what he views as the root problem of overpopulation and has been promoted by what he views as the same interests that have allegedly profited from population increase (such as property developers, the banking

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stated that in order for all humans to live with the current consumption patterns of Europeans, we would be spending three times more than what the planet can renew. According to these calculations, humanity as a whole was using by 2006 40% more than what Earth can regenerate. Another study by the

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signed by 11,000 scientists from 153 nations said that human population growth adds 80 million humans annually, and "the world population must be stabilized—and, ideally, gradually reduced—within a framework that ensures social integrity" to reduce the impact of "population growth on GHG emissions

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Human population has exceeded historical natural limits, with 1) the development of new energy sources, 2) technological developments in aid of productivity, education and health, and 3) an unchallenged position on top of food webs. Humans remain Earth's only species to employ technology so as to

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Population growth can end and numbers can be gradually lowered within a human-rights framework. Lowering human numbers is achievable by expanding and protecting human rights, especially for children and women . . . A smaller human population will facilitate the conservation of a biodiverse planet

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was one such proponent, saying "with the imbalance growing between population numbers and vital life sustaining resources, humans must actively conserve cropland, freshwater, energy, and biological resources. There is a need to develop renewable energy resources. Humans everywhere must understand

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Much less frequently mentioned are, however, the ultimate drivers of those immediate causes of biotic destruction, namely, human overpopulation and continued population growth, and overconsumption, especially by the rich. These drivers, all of which trace to the fiction that perpetual growth can

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In response, population activists argue that overpopulation is a problem in both rich and poor countries, and arguably a worse problem in rich countries, where residents’ higher per capita consumption ratchets up the impacts of their excessive numbers. Feminist scholar Donna Haraway notes that a

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state policies to prevent women from practicing family planning" in order to grow the size of their workforce. Hickel has however argued that the cause of negative environmental impacts is resource extraction by wealthy countries. He concludes that "we should not ignore the relationship between

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and colleagues issued the "World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice." This time more than 15,000 scientists from around the world signed on. "We are jeopardizing our future by not reining in our intense but geographically and demographically uneven material consumption and by not

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And of course capitalism itself creates pressures for population growth: more people means more labour, cheaper labour, and more consumers. These pressures filter into our culture, and even into national policy: countries like France and Japan are offering incentives to get women to have more

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level for the first time in human history, and that the global population will peak at approximately 9.5 billion by 2061. The 2024 UN projections report estimated that world population would peak at 10.29 billion in 2084 and decline to 10.18 billion by 2100, which was 6% lower than the UN had

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concluded that "continued trends in female educational attainment and access to contraception will hasten declines in fertility and slow population growth", with projections suggesting world population would peak at 9.73 billion in 2064 and fall by 2100. Media commentary interpreted this as

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Critics of the belief note that human population growth is decreasing and the population will likely peak, and possibly even begin to decrease, before the end of the century. They argue the concerns surrounding population growth are overstated, noting that quickly declining birth rates and

1884:, have argued that shipping any excess population into space is not a viable solution to human overpopulation. According to Clarke, "the population battle must be fought or won here on Earth". The problem for these authors is not the lack of resources in space (as shown in books such as 671:, and more than half will come from just 8 African countries. It is predicted that the population of sub-Saharan Africa will double by 2050. The Pew Research Center predicts that 50% of births in the year 2100 will be in Africa. As an example of uneven prospects, the UN projects that 6955:

Twenty-nine members of the AWG supported the Anthropocene designation and voted in favour of starting the new epoch in the mid-twentieth century, when a rapidly rising human population accelerated the pace of industrial production, the use of agricultural chemicals and other human

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and Betsy Hartmann, refer to overpopulation as a myth. Predicted exponential population growth or any "population explosion" did not materialise; instead, population growth slowed. Critics suggest that enough resources are available to support projected population growth, and that

1990:, both the idea of overpopulation and the alleged depletion of resources are myths; most resources are now more abundant than a few decades ago, thanks to technological progress. The institute also questions the sincerity of advocates of population control in poor countries. 1295:. However, even in countries that have both large population growth and major ecological problems, it is not necessarily true that curbing the population growth will make a major contribution towards resolving all environmental problems that can be solved simply with an 3328:

mutual causation drives modern socio-ecological systems. Just as it is incorrect to insist that a large global population is the sole underlying cause of biodiversity loss, so too is it naïve and incorrect to claim that high consumption alone is the cause, and so forth.

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Human overpopulation is an animal rights issue as well as an environmental issue and a human rights issue. Human activities, including mining, transportation, pollution, agriculture, development, and logging, take habitat away from wild animals as well as kill animals

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in 2019, states that human population growth is a factor in biodiversity loss. IGI Global has uncovered the growth of the human population caused encroachment in wild habitats which have led to their destruction, "posing a potential threat to biodiversity components".

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has said "when affluent white people wrongly transfer the blame for their environmental impacts on to the birthrate of much poorer brown and black people, their finger-pointing reinforces narratives. It is inherently racist." Overpopulation is a common component of

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Data Corp. states in its reports that urbanization may be the best compromise in the face of global population growth. Cities concentrate human activity within limited areas, limiting the breadth of environmental damage. UN Habitat says this is only possible if

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and technology that better conserves and more efficiently uses natural resources, produces greater agricultural output with less land and less water, and addresses human impacts on the environment due to there being greater numbers of scientists, engineers, and

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Large populations and their continued growth are also drivers of soil degradation and biodiversity loss. More people means that more synthetic compounds and dangerous throw-away plastics are manufactured, many of which add to the growing toxification of the

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issued in 2022 (see chart) projects that global population will peak around the year 2086 at about 10.4 billion, and then start a slow decline (the median line on the chart). As with earlier projections, this version assumes that the global average

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Crist, Eileen; Kopnina, Helen; Cafaro, Philip; Gray, Joe; Ripple, William J.; Safina, Carl; Davis, John; DellaSala, Dominick A.; Noss, Reed F.; Washington, Haydn; Rolston, Holmes; Taylor, Bron; Orlikowska, Ewa H.; Heister, Anja; Lynn, William S. (2021).

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warned in 2000 that overpopulation and the development of technology are the two major causes of the diminution of democracy. However, over the last 200 years of population growth, the actual level of personal freedom has increased rather than declined.

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Pressures resulting from unrestrained population growth put demands on the natural world that can overwhelm any efforts to achieve a sustainable future. If we are to halt the destruction of our environment, we must accept limits to that growth.

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Subsequent scientists' calls to action have also included calls for population planning. The 2020 "World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency" stated: "Economic and population growth are among the most important drivers of increases in

1835:, expanding family planning services and reforms that improve education for women and girls) and at the same time mitigate the impact of population growth on climate change and biodiversity loss. In a 2022 warning on population published by 75:

data from 2022 and 2023 that cover half the world's population indicate that the 2022 UN projections overestimated fertility rates by 10 to 20% and are already outdated, that the global fertility rate has possibly already fallen below the

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predicted that humankind would outgrow its available resources because a finite amount of land would be incapable of supporting a population with limitless potential for increase. During the 19th century, Malthus' work, particularly

962:, signed by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries, indicated that rapid human population growth is "a primary driver behind many ecological and even societal threats." Ehlrich and other scientists at a conference in the Vatican on 1841:, Ripple, Ehrlich and other scientists appealed to families around the world to have no more than one child and also urged policy-makers to improve education for young females and provide high-quality family-planning services. 1047:

and its partner organizations have engaged with national governments and international agencies to test the results—reviews have been produced by France, Germany, the European Commission, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Japan and the

380:, eight billion as of November 2022. Some researchers have analyzed this growth in population like other animal populations, human populations predictably grow and shrink according to their available food supply as per the 2022:

strategies advocated by proponents of overpopulation are controversial for ethical reasons. Those concerned with overpopulation, including Paul Ehrlich, have been accused of influencing human rights abuses including

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Ripple, William J; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M; Gregg, Jillian W; Lenton, Timothy M; Palomo, Ignacio; Eikelboom, Jasper A J; Law, Beverly E; Huq, Saleemul; Duffy, Philip B; Rockström, Johan (28 July 2021).

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Modern proponents of the concept have suggested that overpopulation, population growth and overconsumption are interdependent and collectively are the primary drivers of human-caused environmental problems such as

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Engelman, R., 2012. Trusting women to end population growth. In: Cafaro, P., Crist, E. (Eds.), Life on the Brink: Environmentalists Confront Overpopulation. The University of Georgia Press, Athens and London, pp.

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in 1972, which used computer modeling to similarly argue that continued population growth trends would lead to global system collapse. The idea of overpopulation was also a topic of some works of English-language

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Calculations show that, maintaining the actual rate of population growth and resource consumption, in particular forest consumption, we have a few decades left before an irreversible collapse of our civilisation.

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and Christopher Wolf, stated that environmental analysts put the sustainable level of human population at between 2 and 4 billion people. Geographer Chris Tucker estimates that 3 billion is a sustainable number.

1632:) proposed that humanity should work at stabilizing its absolute numbers, as a starting point towards beginning the process of reducing the total numbers. They suggested several possible approaches, including: 198:. Many scientists have expressed concern about population growth, and argue that creating sustainable societies will require decreasing the current global population. Advocates have suggested implementation of 8983: 3649: 2841: 136:

The belief that global population levels will become too large to sustain is a point of contentious debate. Those who believe global human overpopulation to be a valid concern, argue that increased levels of

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The notion that space is limited has been decried by skeptics, who point out that the Earth's population of roughly 6.8 billion people could comfortably be housed an area comparable in size to the state of

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Vollset, Stein Emil; Goren, Emily; Yuan, Chun-Wei; Cao, Jackie; Smith, Amanda E.; Hsiao, Thomas; Bisignano, Catherine; Azhar, Gulrez S.; Castro, Emma; Chalek, Julian; Dolgert, Andrew J. (17 October 2020).

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However, other estimates predict additional downward pressure on fertility (such as more education and family planning) which could result in peak population during the 2060–2070 period rather than later.

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Engelman, R., 2016. Nine population strategies to stop short of 9 billion. In: Washington, H., Twomey, P. (Eds.), A Future beyond Growth: Toward a Steady State Economy. Routledge, London, pp. 32–42.

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Gerland, P.; Raftery, A. E.; Ev Ikova, H.; Li, N.; Gu, D.; Spoorenberg, T.; Alkema, L.; Fosdick, B. K.; Chunn, J.; Lalic, N.; Bay, G.; Buettner, T.; Heilig, G. K.; Wilmoth, J. (14 September 2014).

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Two of the five areas where the signatories requested immediate action were "stabilize population" and "ensure sexual equality, and guarantee women control over their own reproductive decisions."

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states the view: "the poor want to get rich, and I want them to get rich," with a later addition, "of course we have to change consumption habits,... but we've also got to stabilize our numbers".

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while also supporting a higher quality of life for people by lowering pollution levels, preempting resource conflicts, ameliorating overcrowding in urban centers, and empowering girls and women

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can be achieved more rapidly with a short term focus on technological and social innovations, along with reducing consumption rates, while treating population planning as a long-term goal.

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Driving these threats are the growing human population, which has doubled since 1970 to 7.6 billion, and consumption. (Per capita of use of materials is up 15% over the past 5 decades.)

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However, most scientists believe that achieving genuine sustainability is a long-term project, and that addressing population and consumption levels are both essential to achieving it.

1439:, global food production exceeds increasing demand from global population growth. Food insecurity in some regions is attributable to the globally unequal distribution of food supplies. 1586:. While they can leave a temporary loss of population, it is followed by significant loss and suffering. These events are not the sole reason for overpopulation, but lack of access to 11466: 3706: 2103:

that "various forms of coercion", such as removing tax benefits for having additional children, be used in cases when voluntary population planning policies fail. Some nations, like

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stated in 2018 that the optimum population is between 1.5 and 2 billion. In 2022 Ehrlich and other contributors to the "Scientists' warning on population", including Eileen Crist,

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connected to attempts to blame environmental issues on overpopulation, oversimplify complex social or economic systems, or place blame on developing countries and poor populations—

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World population prospects (2022). Note that half a child more or less per woman would cause a difference of about 8 billion people by the end of the century (blue dotted lines).

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Ripple, William J; Wolf, Christopher; Galetti, Mauro; Newsome, Thomas M; Green, Tom L; Alamgir, Mohammed; Crist, Eileen; Mahmoud, Mahmoud I; Laurance, William F (7 March 2018).

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There is good evidence from many parts of the world that when women and couples have the freedom to choose how many children to have, they tend to have smaller families.

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was often interpreted in a way that blamed the poor alone for their condition and helping them was said to worsen conditions in the long run. This resulted, for example, in the

1538:: "more people means more labour, cheaper labour, and more consumers." He and his colleagues have also demonstrated that capitalist elites throughout recent history have "used 1370:, that "we need to understand that the more people there are, the more we put the Earth under heavy pressure. As far as biodiversity is concerned, we are at war with nature." 2119:

or semi-compulsory sterilization, such as for token material compensation or easing of penalties, has also been implemented in many countries as a form of population control.

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technological innovation make it possible to sustain projected population sizes. Other critics claim that overpopulation concerns ignore more pressing issues, like poverty or

10009:"Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study" 9929:"Dominic Lawson: The population timebomb is a myth The doom-sayers are becoming more fashionable just as experts are coming to the view it has all been one giant false alarm" 2527:"Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study" 9213:

Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M.; Galetti, Mauro; Alamgir, Mohammed; Crist, Eileen; Mahmoud, Mahmoud I.; Laurance, William F. (13 November 2017).

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Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M.; Galetti, Mauro; Alamgir, Mohammed; Crist, Eileen; Mahmoud, Mahmoud I.; Laurance, William F. (13 November 2017).

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Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M.; Galetti, Mauro; Alamgir, Mohammed; Crist, Eileen; Mahmoud, Mahmoud I.; Laurance, William F. (13 November 2017).

7939: 11395: 6905: 364:, around the year 1350. The fastest doubling of the world population happened between 1950 and 1986: a doubling from 2.5 to 5 billion people in 37 years, mainly due to 11886: 7032: 5786:

The power of population is so superior to the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race

5700: 11538: 11337: 9766: 11916: 11876: 11631: 10309: 6296: 1262: 644: 9928: 1174:, and pollution. Indeed, some analysts claim that overpopulation's most serious impact is its effect on the environment. Some scientists suggest that the overall 5997: 67:, the global human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion in 2050 and would peak at around 10.4 billion people in the 2080s, before decreasing, noting that 8788: 11200: 6054: 5056:

Hayami, Yujiro, and Vernon W. Ruttan. "Population growth and agricultural productivity." Technological Prospects and Population Trends. Routledge, 2020. 11–69.

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The following organizations advocate for a limit to human population growth, although their focus may be on related issues such as environmental protection:

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in the United States (about 269,000 square miles or 696,706.80 square kilometres). Critics and agricultural experts suggest changes to policies relating to

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and others suggested in a 2017 paper that since the Second World War, countries with higher population growth rates experienced the most social conflict.

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Influential advocates such as Betsy Hartmann consider the "myth of overpopulation" to be destructive as it "prevents constructive thinking and action on

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facing humanity increased during the end of the 20th and the early 21st centuries, some have looked to population growth as a root cause. In the 2000s,

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Gregory Claeys: The "Survival of the Fittest" and the Origins of Social Darwinism, in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 61, No. 2, 2002, p. 223–240

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Some scientists, such as Corey Bradshaw and Barry Brook, suggest that, given the "inexorable demographic momentum of the global human population,"

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Pimm, S. L.; Jenkins, C. N.; Abell, R.; Brooks, T. M.; Gittleman, J. L.; Joppa, L. N.; Raven, P. H.; Roberts, C. M.; Sexton, J. O. (30 May 2014).

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Annual world population growth peaked at 2.1% in 1968, has since dropped to 1.1%, and could drop even further to 0.1% by 2100. Based on this, the

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are falling worldwide. Other models agree that the population will stabilize before or after 2100. Conversely, other researchers have found that

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conclude: "recent predictions of stabilized world population levels for 2050 exceed several of our meta-estimates of a world population limit".

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became a bestseller upon its release in 1968 and created renewed interest in overpopulation. The book predicted population growth would lead to

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and environmentalists disputing the core premise that the world cannot sustain the current trajectory of human population. Additionally, many

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All of these are related to human population size and growth, which increases consumption (especially among the rich), and economic inequity.

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Human overpopulation and continued population growth are also considered by some, including animal rights attorney Doris Lin and philosopher

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WWF in 2014 found that it would take the equivalent of 1.5 Earths of bio-capacity to meet humanity's current levels of consumption. However,

7827: 6970:"Extraordinary human energy consumption and resultant geological impacts beginning around 1950 CE initiated the proposed Anthropocene Epoch" 2680: 12046: 11720: 7490: 6696: 5007: 2303: 3733: 14272: 12974: 12098: 12093: 11657: 11225: 9818: 5467: 5338: 2405: 1946: 1465:, which threatens agricultural productivity, represents a global issue that some have linked to population growth. Colin Butler wrote in 1367: 286:

to meet this increased demand, avoiding global overpopulation. Additionally, some critics dismiss the idea of human overpopulation as a

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Growing human populations have significant implications for our demands on Nature, including for future patterns of global consumption.

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by citing the risks of a "population explosion" although demographers have criticized that basis, with India thought to be undergoing

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Outgrowing the Earth: The Food Security Challenge in an Age of Falling Water Tables and Rising Temperatures: Books: Lester R. Brown

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The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century's Sustainability Crises, "Ch.12: Population: The Multiplier of Everything Else"

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Another choice-based approach is financial compensation or other benefits by the state offered to people who voluntarily undergo

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Young, A. (1999). "Is there Really Spare Land? A Critique of Estimates of Available Cultivable Land in Developing Countries".

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Although proponents of human overpopulation have expressed concern that growing population will lead to an increase in global

14457: 13090: 11848: 11789: 11677: 11672: 11662: 11413: 10536: 10226: 8930: 8477: 8155: 7767: 7267:"8 billion humans: How population growth and climate change are connected as the 'Anthropocene engine' transforms the planet" 7172: 6913: 6532: 6415: 6155: 5814: 4113: 3943: 3619: 2757: 1933:

as driving governments seek city growth and expansion at any cost, disregarding the impact it might have on the environment.

6005: 752: 15585: 14395: 13557: 12078: 12031: 11926: 11715: 11548: 11461: 10828: 8364: 3542:"Overpopulation is a major cause of biodiversity loss and smaller human populations are necessary to preserve what is left" 3541: 1997:, has criticised the idea of overpopulation, saying that "overpopulation is not really overpopulation. It is a question of 1363: 9770: 8433:"Capitalism and extreme poverty: A global analysis of real wages, human height, and mortality since the long 16th century" 1797:, some 514,000 women die annually of complications from pregnancy and abortion, with 86% of these deaths occurring in the 1314:, with some researchers and environmentalists specifically suggesting this indicates a human overpopulation scenario. The 1166:

in 1994, states that "unprecedented" population growth aggravates many environmental problems, including rising levels of

1043:

Critics have questioned the simplifications and statistical methods used in calculating ecological footprints. Therefore,

667:

According to the UN, of the predicted growth in world population between 2020 and 2050, all of that change will come from

14950: 14390: 14289: 13562: 11687: 11230: 8786: 5433: 5411: 5382: 5002: 3470:

O'Neill, Brian C.; Dalton, Michael; Fuchs, Regina; Jiang, Leiwen; Pachauri, Shonali; Zigova, Katarina (12 October 2010).

2283: 1456: 1366:, stated in December 2022 as the human population reached a milestone of 8 billion and as delegates were meeting for the 1261:. Critics have stated that population growth alone may have less influence on climate change than other factors, such as 1141: 986:

about how humans have "overrun the planet" was shared widely online and became his most popular comment on the internet.

675:

will gain about 340 million people, about the present population of the US, to become the 3rd most populous country, and

376:

enabled the global population to increase from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion by November 2018 and, according to the

10301: 10125:"Neo-Malthusianism and Coercive Population Control in China and India: Overpopulation Concerns Often Result in Coercion" 5547:(Report). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022. UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO.3. 4948: 3769: 2471:(Report). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022. UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO.3. 1082:

sizes and the most common estimate was 8 billion. Advocates of reduced population often put forward much lower numbers.

833:, and other social, environmental and economic strife in the coming decades, and advocated for policies to curb it. The 15350: 14044: 13903: 13803: 13073: 12951: 12871: 12711: 12686: 11963: 11804: 11784: 11300: 10744: 10731: 10400:"At the Intersection of Eco-Crises, Eco-Anxiety, and Political Turbulence: A Primer on Twenty-First Century Ecofascism" 9909: 9538: 8771: 8635: 8408: 8182: 7664: 7355: 5725: 5525: 4491: 4438: 4410: 4368: 4284: 4246: 4206: 4177: 4127: 4093: 4060: 4016: 3983: 3081: 3002: 1269:

is projected to rise by as much as 76% by 2050 as the global population increases, with this projected to have further

652:

will continue to fall, but even further from 2.5 births per woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.8 by the year 2100.

10151:

Programme of Action: Adopted at the International Conference of Population and development, Cairo, 5–13 September 1994

6345: 14370: 13656: 13547: 13408: 12620: 12083: 11911: 11896: 11122: 10714: 10200: 10158: 9705: 9659: 7999: 7130: 6652: 6132: 6108: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5370: 5235: 4583: 3549: 2837:"Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines" 1436: 1359: 869: 6879: 1888:), but the physical impracticality of shipping vast numbers of people into space to "solve" overpopulation on Earth. 868:

policies were adopted by some nations in the late 20th century in an effort to curb population growth, including in

624:

the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-being. Models of population growth take trends in

63:. Annual world population growth peaked at 2.1% in 1968 and has since dropped to 1.1%. According to the most recent 15590: 14935: 14631: 12999: 12956: 12196: 10876: 9958: 9446: 7798: 1837: 1782: 1523:

Some advocates have suggested societal problems such as hunger and mass unemployment are linked to overpopulation.

608: 64: 10446: 5645: 5067: 14982: 14479: 14452: 14083: 13649: 12994: 12676: 12605: 12544: 12337: 12229: 11838: 11819: 11682: 11271: 11205: 9745:"National Geographic Magazine; Special report 2008: Changing Climate (Village Green-article by Michelle Nijhuis)" 8787:

Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Greguš, Jan (21 June 2023).

8131: 7240: 2368: 1980: 1175: 1147: 1135: 353:

Human population growth rate in percent, with the variables of births, deaths, immigration, and emigration – 2018

166: 129:, arguing that overpopulation should be defined by a population being unable to sustain itself without depleting 6589: 6572: 6073: 1963:

The concept of human overpopulation, and its attribution as a cause of environmental issues, are controversial.

1769:

reduces the number of children they have. One option according to some activists is to focus on education about

14340: 12916: 12814: 12349: 12132: 11958: 11843: 11220: 10769: 10574:

Kuhlemann, K. (2018). Any size population will do?’: The fallacy of aiming for stabilization of human numbers.

6671: 6171: 4558: 4470: 1496: 1283: 949: 7568:

The overarching driver of species extinction is human population growth and increasing per capita consumption.

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system which invests in property development, industry, and municipal councils). Subsequent authors point to

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population growth and ecology, but we must not treat these as operating in a social and political vacuum."

1381:

issue, as more human activity means the destruction of animal habitats and more direct killing of animals.

857: 703: 381: 9045: 6611: 5273: 3705:

Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF (13 November 2017).

2219:

According to the writer and journalist Krithika Varagur, myths and misinformation about overpopulation of

149:. The population overshoot hypothesis is often discussed in relation to other population concerns such as 15570: 15514: 15263: 14462: 14412: 13703: 13275: 13250: 13187: 13004: 12936: 12312: 11245: 11235: 11148: 11054: 8437: 7656: 7401: 4823:"World Population Prospects 2019, Population Data, File: Total Population Both Sexes, Medium Variant tab" 4402: 4159: 3277:"Population panic lets rich people off the hook for the climate crisis they are causing | George Monbiot" 3017:

capacity of an area is clearly being degraded by its current human occupants, that area is overpopulated.

797: 365: 311: 295: 174: 126: 52: 9483: 6323: 5609: 2163:

The concept of human overpopulation has been criticized by some scholars and environmentalists as being

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An argument for space colonization is to mitigate proposed impacts of overpopulation of Earth, such as

1416: 1167: 1010: 389: 8711:"Scientists' Warning: Remove the Barriers to Contraception Access, for Health of Women and the Planet" 6462: 5564:. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2017. Archived from 5272:. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2019. Archived from 4977: 2958: 1471:

in 1994 that overpopulation also has economic consequences for certain countries due to resource use.

15575: 15393: 15326: 15169: 14901: 14896: 14770: 14600: 14442: 14229: 13423: 13386: 12906: 12701: 12539: 12191: 11385: 11027: 10851: 10761: 2735:(Report). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 11 July 2024 2653: 2343: 2019: 1956: 1615: 1291:

is to have fewer children, followed by living without a vehicle, forgoing air travel, and adopting a

967: 953: 861: 668: 369: 199: 77: 60: 44:

by their environment or resources in the long term. The topic is usually discussed in the context of

9311:

Ripple, William J; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R (2020).

9262:

Ripple, William J; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R (2020).

15499: 15388: 15283: 15209: 15036: 14665: 14365: 14067: 13644: 13322: 13265: 13224: 12839: 12716: 12681: 12430: 12420: 12394: 11032: 10821: 9508: 7905: 4677: 4500: 4169: 4165: 3904: 2249: 2138: 2134: 2123: 2116: 2082: 1044: 1014: 873: 322: 10643: 10278: 9839: 15494: 15063: 14918: 14214: 13948: 13500: 13344: 13292: 13127: 12901: 12744: 12554: 12526: 12249: 12239: 12157: 12041: 11953: 11853: 10974: 7497: 5513: 5308: 4804: 4052: 4008: 3080:

Crist, Eileen; Ripple, William J.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Rees, William E.; Wolf, Christopher (2022).

2444: 2288: 2062: 2044: 1650:, so that parents do not need to have many children to ensure at least some survive to adulthood. 1415:, to overpopulation and suggested it could lead to a diminished quality of human life. Ecologist 1033: 939: 275: 10399: 6700: 5941:"To inherit the Earth. Imagining world population, from the yellow peril to the population bomb" 5517: 5507: 4997: 1765:

and contraception have a demonstrated impact on reducing birthrates. Many studies conclude that

496:

period, around 10,000 BCE. The beginning of civilization roughly coincides with the receding of

15509: 15343: 15290: 15184: 15007: 14852: 14210: 14013: 13888: 13530: 13520: 13403: 13339: 13270: 13255: 13180: 13153: 13146: 12966: 12921: 12876: 12691: 12655: 12645: 12440: 12415: 12399: 12384: 12366: 11507: 11357: 11143: 11101: 11096: 10979: 10856: 9994:

A Reverse ‘Handmaid's Tale’ Is Just as Horrifying — Get the Facts Straight on Population Growth

7581: 7362:

By 2050 the human population will top 9 billion, and world meat consumption will likely double.

4916: 4119: 2681:"Global population to peak within this century as birth rates fall, United Nations report says" 2378: 2353: 2348: 2326: 2142: 2048: 1758: 1501: 1109: 1079: 1065: 944: 911: 880:

gave more than 1,742 lectures on the threat of exponential population growth starting in 1969.

790: 572: 552: 203: 146: 130: 11322: 10618: 8571: 7110: 6098: 4822: 3768:; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R (5 November 2019). 1052:. Some point out that a more refined method of assessing Ecological Footprint is to designate 14913: 14725: 14187: 14148: 13828: 13666: 13398: 13327: 13044: 12989: 12946: 12829: 12804: 12769: 12445: 12006: 11210: 11074: 10913: 8922: 8828: 8615: 8515:

Spernovasilis, N.; Markaki, I.; Papadakis, M.; Tsioutis, C.; Markaki, L. (19 December 2021).

8278: 7650: 6443: 5361: 4841:"World Population Prospects 2019, Dept of Economic and Social Affairs, File: Total Fertility" 4840: 4356: 4345: 4276: 4266: 4226: 2994: 2988: 2146: 1492: 1420:

that rapid population growth damages the Earth's resources and diminishes human well-being."

877: 508: 263: 234: 89: 8912: 7459:"The best way to reduce your carbon footprint is one the government isn't telling you about" 6297:"David Attenborough's claim that humans have overrun the planet is his most popular comment" 5763: 1955:

Global fertility rates as of 2020. About half of the world population lives in nations with

1907:

Despite the increase in population density within cities (and the emergence of megacities),

922:

and Ron Nielsen discussed overpopulation as a threat to the quality of human life. In 2011,

901:

However, many predictions of overpopulation during the 20th century did not materialize. In

15278: 15075: 14977: 14842: 14804: 14358: 14252: 13953: 13858: 13671: 13639: 13629: 13614: 13515: 13510: 13453: 13009: 12979: 12931: 12926: 12849: 12754: 12650: 12473: 12332: 12317: 12292: 12277: 12234: 11240: 11195: 11163: 11158: 11084: 11059: 9457: 8992: 7991: 7599: 7413: 7216: 7070: 6981: 6777: 6499: 6485:"Spatial sustainability, trade and indicators: an evaluation of the 'ecological footprint'" 5887: 5082: 4861: 4752: 3658: 3558: 3483: 3416: 2850: 2600: 2412: 2373: 2358: 2337: 2293: 1902: 1867: 1790: 1151: 1113: 1049: 1027: 1022: 1000: 915: 839: 629: 562: 335: 238: 138: 32: 10777:

The Malthusian Moment: Global Population Growth and the Birth of American Environmentalism

8256: 4143: 1741: 8: 15419: 15199: 15070: 14992: 14590: 14536: 14484: 14447: 14437: 14143: 13490: 13480: 13475: 13458: 13349: 13332: 13245: 12941: 12824: 12819: 12564: 12483: 12302: 12282: 12272: 12063: 11311: 11089: 10920: 10871: 10814: 10704: 8318:

Harte, John (2007). "Human population as a dynamic factor in environmental degradation".

7947: 7524:"The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection" 6189: 4155: 2391: 2331: 2257: 2058: 2015:

represents a greater environmental threat as an overpopulation scenario may never occur.

1924: 1815:

in particular are issues regarded to have vital importance in the debate. Anthropologist

1812: 1786: 1732: 1311: 963: 931: 903: 893: 821: 501: 150: 121: 13733: 9509:"Q: should the United Nations support more family-planning services for poor countries?" 9114:"The Role of Scientists' Warning in Shifting Policy from Growth to Conservation Economy" 8996: 8955: 7603: 7417: 7220: 7074: 6985: 6781: 6503: 5891: 5086: 5047:

Pimentel, David. "Overpopulation and sustainability." Petroleum Review 59 (2006): 34–36.

4949:""I'm an environmental journalist, but I never write about overpopulation. Here's why."" 4756: 3679: 3662: 3644: 3562: 3487: 3420: 2854: 2604: 294:

or racist assumptions and leading to discriminatory policy. These critics often suggest

16:

Proposed condition wherein human numbers exceed the carrying capacity of the environment

15549: 15122: 15117: 15095: 15080: 14972: 14760: 14740: 14690: 14653: 14643: 14494: 14331: 13798: 13624: 13572: 13535: 13280: 12886: 12881: 12516: 12478: 12435: 12354: 11794: 11623: 11215: 11153: 10941: 10930: 10908: 10903: 10892: 10427: 10041: 10008: 9867: 9825:. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2011) 9015: 8978: 8936: 8871: 8816: 8598: 8573: 8549: 8516: 8495: 8337: 8300: 8227: 8087: 8052: 7620: 7585: 7559: 7439: 7339: 7232: 7009: 6857: 6798: 6767: 6758: 6753: 5968: 5921: 5916: 5875: 5856: 5777: 5590: 5098: 4786: 4703: 4672: 4617:"Yields vs. Land Use: How the Green Revolution enabled us to feed a growing population" 4524: 4516: 4238: 4151: 4037: 3625: 3582: 3514: 3471: 3447: 3405:"Plausible reductions in future population growth and implications for the environment" 3404: 3255: 3196: 3179:

Daily, Gretchen; Ehrlich, Anne; Ehrlich, Paul (1994). "Optimum human population size".

3156: 3131: 3112: 2939: 2926: 2901: 2873: 2836: 2814: 2787:"Barbarian hordes: the overpopulation scapegoat in international development discourse" 2629: 2588: 2561: 2526: 2278: 2262: 2094: 1967: 1859: 1798: 1595: 1400: 1390: 1341: 1179: 1037: 983: 393: 242: 162: 72: 10250: 10024: 9554:

Vajk, J.Peter (1 January 1976). "The impact of space colonization on world dynamics".

8215: 7523: 6511: 6166:

Pentti Linkola, "Can Life Prevail?", Arktos Media, 2nd Revised ed. 2011. pp. 120–121.

5634: 5115:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022).

4892:"What fewer people on the planet would mean for the environment | DW | 31 August 2020" 4459: 2543: 2195:

begins with him describing first knowing the "feel of overpopulation" from a visit to

1951: 1306:

and overconsumption, particularly by the wealthy, have been posited as key drivers of

330: 15355: 15256: 15051: 14859: 14824: 14785: 14735: 14626: 14610: 14353: 14316: 14294: 14279: 14262: 14180: 13986: 13853: 13738: 13619: 13525: 13391: 13297: 13095: 13078: 13049: 12844: 12728: 12534: 12287: 12224: 11190: 11064: 10957: 10866: 10765: 10740: 10727: 10710: 10542: 10532: 10431: 10419: 10369: 10355: 10232: 10222: 10196: 10154: 10046: 10028: 9905: 9871: 9859: 9802:"David Suzuki fires off from the 'death zone' at Trudeau, Weaver and a broken system" 9701: 9655: 9571: 9567: 9534: 9421: 9392: 9342: 9293: 9244: 9195: 9143: 9094: 9020: 8940: 8926: 8875: 8820: 8808: 8767: 8732: 8603: 8554: 8536: 8483: 8473: 8404: 8304: 8219: 8178: 8151: 8091: 8056: 8044: 8036: 7995: 7937:

Another Inconvenient Truth: The World's Growing Population Poses a Malthusian Dilemma

7773: 7763: 7719: 7660: 7625: 7586:"Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction" 7563: 7551: 7543: 7463: 7431: 7351: 7236: 7126: 7088: 7013: 6936: 6861: 6803: 6594: 6515: 6244:"Biologists think 50% of species will be facing extinction by the end of the century" 6167: 6151: 6128: 6104: 5972: 5960: 5903: 5848: 5810: 5521: 5483: 5366: 5231: 5154: 5030: 4982: 4778: 4770: 4708: 4648: 4597: 4578: 4554: 4547: 4528: 4466: 4434: 4406: 4364: 4337: 4310: 4280: 4242: 4202: 4195: 4173: 4123: 4089: 4056: 4012: 3979: 3949: 3939: 3838: 3765: 3684: 3629: 3615: 3586: 3574: 3519: 3501: 3452: 3434: 3247: 3200: 3161: 3116: 3104: 2998: 2931: 2878: 2818: 2806: 2634: 2616: 2566: 2548: 2316: 2228: 1994: 1942: 1824: 1808: 1702: 1583: 1556: 1535: 1307: 1303: 1274: 1205: 1087: 1071: 849: 830: 801: 786: 746: 637: 317: 299: 195: 154: 142: 20: 8341: 8231: 7980: 7880:"'We are at war with nature': UN environment chief warns of biodiversity apocalypse" 7759: 7443: 4262: 3100: 1574:

They both play a significant role impacting human populations, including widespread

883: 349: 15504: 15439: 15268: 15246: 15090: 15058: 15046: 15022: 14648: 14595: 14585: 14544: 14474: 14469: 14198: 14106: 13893: 13873: 13788: 13713: 13542: 13413: 13312: 13019: 12891: 12866: 12759: 12585: 12559: 12511: 12506: 12488: 12425: 12376: 12297: 12267: 12262: 12219: 12137: 11365: 11266: 11261: 11047: 11042: 10925: 10881: 10700: 10411: 10188: 10036: 10020: 9851: 9651: 9563: 9382: 9374: 9332: 9324: 9283: 9275: 9234: 9226: 9185: 9177: 9133: 9125: 9084: 9076: 9010: 9000: 8918: 8861: 8800: 8722: 8593: 8585: 8572:

Spernovasilis N, Markaki I, Papadakis M, Tsioutis C, Markaki L (19 December 2021).

8544: 8528: 8451: 8446: 8432: 8369: 8329: 8292: 8211: 8079: 8026: 7981:

Worldwatch Paper #143: Beyond Malthus: Sixteen Dimensions of the Population Problem

7755: 7615: 7607: 7590: 7535: 7421: 7343: 7224: 7105: 7078: 6999: 6989: 6941: 6847: 6793: 6785: 6584: 6507: 6389: 5952: 5925: 5911: 5895: 5840: 5759: 5294: 5102: 5090: 4790: 4760: 4698: 4690: 4592: 4574: 4508: 3828: 3817:"Protecting Half the Planet and Transforming Human Systems Are Complementary Goals" 3787: 3779: 3723: 3674: 3666: 3607: 3566: 3509: 3491: 3442: 3424: 3316: 3305:"Response: Commentary: Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future" 3188: 3151: 3143: 3096: 2943: 2921: 2913: 2868: 2858: 2798: 2624: 2608: 2556: 2538: 2321: 2112: 2090: 2086: 2028: 1987: 1877: 1794: 1766: 1647: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1163: 1123: 617: 512: 357: 267: 45: 10447:"How American Environmentalism's Racist Roots Shaped Our Thoughts on Conservation" 9718: 6672:"The short history of global living conditions and why it matters that we know it" 6536: 5454: 5129: 4268:

Mao's Great Famine: The History of China's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–1962

2149:. The policies have also received criticism from human and women's rights groups. 488:

World population has gone through a number of periods of growth since the dawn of

15333: 15174: 14745: 14605: 14521: 14509: 14489: 14385: 14175: 14155: 14078: 14025: 13976: 13908: 13883: 13848: 13763: 13634: 13552: 13470: 13379: 13307: 13260: 12854: 12764: 12749: 12615: 12580: 12389: 11948: 11707: 11276: 11037: 10776: 10338: 9901: 9490: 9453: 8687: 8683: 8665: 8661: 8145: 7987: 7967: 7943: 7117: 6573:"Reconsidering the Limits to World Population: Meta-analysis and Meta-prediction" 6061: 5675: 5180: 4341: 3570: 3343: 3055: 3051: 3033: 3029: 2802: 2220: 2188: 2180: 2172: 2012: 1930: 1919: 1863: 1805:

or preventable diseases, especially from lack of access to clean drinking water.

1770: 1762: 1746: 1728: 1660: 1654: 1621: 1587: 1394: 1191: 1183: 1091: 1083: 1004: 971: 888: 865: 845: 816: 805: 287: 250: 230: 116: 68: 56: 15475: 9607:"Stephen Hawking: mankind must move to outer space within a century - Telegraph" 8589: 8532: 7748:

Uniyal, Shivani; Paliwal, Rashmi; Kaphaliya, Bhumija; R.K., Sharma (2017). "1".

6074:"United Nations Population Division | Department of Economic and Social Affairs" 4489:(1993). "Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990". 15311: 15251: 15236: 15189: 15085: 15031: 14891: 14549: 14526: 14499: 14417: 14407: 14309: 14304: 14170: 14121: 13878: 13743: 13718: 13589: 13435: 13374: 13229: 12779: 12696: 12630: 12625: 12344: 12322: 12257: 12180: 11281: 10788:

The Great Acceleration: An Environmental History of the Anthropocene since 1945

10648: 10498:"'Eco-fascist' Arm of Neo-Nazi Terror Group, The Base, Linked to Swedish Arson" 8984:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

8691: 8355: 7228: 6994: 6969: 6789: 5419: 5386: 4612: 4486: 3967: 3871:"We've worried about overpopulation for centuries. And we've always been wrong" 3650:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2786: 2200: 1975: 1913: 1832: 1828: 1827:

and other scientists argued in favor of population policies that could advance

1753:. It depicts negative effects of having more children than people can care for. 1711: 1676: 1625: 1517: 1513: 1462: 1412: 1278: 1258: 1190:, and proliferation of technology, has pushed the planet into a new geological 1171: 1053: 975: 923: 853: 774: 763: 649: 633: 377: 291: 282: 259: 226: 191: 103:, a hypothetical event where population exceeds agricultural capacity, causing 93: 85: 41: 10748: 10546: 10415: 10180: 9855: 8866: 8849: 8487: 8333: 8296: 8147:

When the Rivers Run Dry: Water—The Defining Crisis of the Twenty-first Century

8083: 7033:"Humans just 0.01% of all life but have destroyed 83% of wild mammals – study" 6852: 6835: 5956: 3953: 3833: 3816: 3321: 3304: 3132:"Human demography and reserve size predict wildlife extinction in West Africa" 1657:

in order to facilitate a departure from traditional sexual division of labour.

1504:

has argued population growth is a factor in numerous social issues, including

1126:, both indicators have declined over the last 200 years of population growth. 115:

and depopulation. More recent discussion of overpopulation was popularized by

15559: 15544: 15454: 15338: 15295: 15241: 15229: 15214: 15204: 15127: 15041: 15017: 15012: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14792: 14380: 14321: 14284: 14236: 13991: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13913: 13823: 13793: 13753: 13661: 13428: 13302: 13203: 13084: 12809: 12794: 12789: 12774: 12595: 12549: 12307: 11020: 10969: 10719: 10423: 10236: 10192: 10032: 9863: 9840:"Overpopulation Discourse: Patriarchy, Racism, and the Specter of Ecofascism" 9697: 9575: 9425: 9396: 9378: 9346: 9297: 9248: 9199: 9147: 9098: 8749:

Lifeblood: How to Change the World One Dead Mosquito at a Time, Alex Perry p9

8736: 8540: 8252: 8040: 7547: 6626:"Paul Ehrlich: 'Collapse of civilisation is a near certainty within decades'" 6598: 5964: 5907: 5852: 5503: 4774: 4333: 4147: 4109: 4000: 3975: 3842: 3578: 3505: 3438: 3251: 2810: 2620: 2552: 2130: 2052: 1774: 1736: 1641: 1637: 1568: 1480: 1432: 1423: 1408: 1378: 1329: 956:

are the two greatest threats facing mankind. In November that same year, the

767: 728: 655: 373: 97: 14036: 10793: 9362: 9328: 9279: 9230: 9181: 9129: 9080: 9046:"1992 World Scientists' Warning to Humanity | Union of Concerned Scientists" 9005: 8574:"Epidemics and pandemics: Is human overpopulation the elephant in the room?" 8517:"Epidemics and pandemics: Is human overpopulation the elephant in the room?" 7853:"David Attenborough warns 'human beings have overrun the world' in new film" 7539: 7426: 7083: 7058: 6754:"Deforestation and world population sustainability: a quantitative analysis" 6482: 3783: 3728: 3670: 3496: 3429: 2863: 2612: 1801:

region and South Asia. Additionally, 8 million infants die, many because of

1455:

to make them more efficient would be more likely to resolve land issues and

15480: 15414: 15146: 15132: 14987: 14797: 14765: 14755: 14658: 14504: 14402: 14348: 14257: 14116: 13971: 13898: 13868: 13813: 13723: 13495: 13057: 12455: 12214: 11069: 10783: 10754: 10050: 9675: 9526: 9214: 9165: 9113: 9064: 9024: 8812: 8607: 8558: 8467: 8396: 8048: 7686: 7629: 7611: 7555: 7435: 7092: 6807: 6630: 6420: 6267: 5246: 4782: 4712: 4426: 4222: 4078:

Drastic Measures: A History of Wage and Price Controls in the United States

3688: 3601: 3523: 3456: 3381: 3236:"An Imagined Reality: Malthusianism, Neo-Malthusianism and Population Myth" 3165: 3147: 3108: 2935: 2917: 2882: 2638: 2570: 2363: 2184: 2176: 1898: 1881: 1816: 1802: 1629: 1539: 1527: 1509: 1505: 1488: 1350: 1345: 1337: 1333: 1195: 919: 834: 628:, and apply projections into the future to understand how they will affect 489: 229:, political instability, and repressive political regimes (often employing 178: 125:

and subsequent writings. Ehrlich described overpopulation as a function of

10187:, Abingdon, Oxon; New York : Routledge: Routledge, pp. 181–194, 8979:"Human population reduction is not a quick fix for environmental problems" 8223: 7828:"Why we should be wary of blaming 'overpopulation' for the climate crisis" 7347: 6937:"Anthropocene now: influential panel votes to recognize Earth's new epoch" 5809:

Cormac Ó Gráda: Famine. A Short History, Princeton University Press 2009,

3611: 2175:, since control and reduction of human population is often focused on the 1287:

argued that the most significant way individuals could mitigate their own

15459: 15002: 14997: 14834: 14819: 14695: 14670: 14299: 14219: 14126: 14111: 13981: 13863: 13818: 13808: 13758: 13748: 13698: 13505: 12640: 12635: 12600: 12463: 11522: 10952: 9890:

Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control

9680: 8804: 8727: 8710: 7331: 6883: 4694: 4384: 4234: 4032: 3136:

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences

2419: 2168: 1971: 1452: 1374: 1018: 621: 497: 361: 246: 15141: 10094:"The forgotten roots of India's mass sterilization program – The Washi…" 9387: 9312: 9263: 9138: 6148:

The Little Green Handbook: Seven Trends Shaping the Future of Our Planet

1685:

In 1992, more than 1700 scientists from around the world signed onto a "

938:

were concerned about population growth. In 2017, more than one-third of

691: 15409: 15224: 15194: 15179: 14967: 14955: 14715: 14577: 14203: 13923: 13918: 13783: 13708: 13567: 13485: 13465: 12799: 12784: 12610: 12590: 11766: 10837: 9414:"Thanks to education, global fertility could fall faster than expected" 9337: 9288: 9239: 9190: 9089: 7004: 5860: 5828: 4671:

Azoulay, Pierre; Fons-Rosen, Christian; Graff Zivin, Joshua S. (2019).

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O’Neill, Brian C.; Jiang, Leiwen; Gerland, Patrick (10 February 2015).

3259: 3235: 3192: 2205: 2158: 2006: 1908: 1873: 1531: 1467: 1078:

A 2012 United Nations report summarized 65 different estimated maximum

742: 734: 518: 385: 268:

social scientists argue that disputes between themselves and biologists

210: 37: 10526: 6216:"Overpopulation is the biggest threat to mankind, Nobel laureates say" 6185:"Scientists more worried than public about world's growing population" 6100:

Leaders from the 1960s: A Biographical Sourcebook of American Activism

5610:"Understanding Population Projections: Assumptions Behind the Numbers" 4643: 4005:

Forty Centuries of Wage and Price Controls: How Not to Fight Inflation

3933: 3792: 3348:"The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review Headline Messages" 1435:

have been warned as a consequence of overpopulation, according to the

15151: 14940: 14869: 14814: 14809: 14675: 14516: 14422: 14165: 13594: 13418: 13317: 13068: 13014: 12468: 11007: 10502: 10216: 8514: 8359: 7910: 7682:"Human society under urgent threat from loss of Earth's natural life" 6220: 5998:"The Unrealized Horrors of Population Explosion – The New York Times" 5899: 5130:"World Population Clock: 8 Billion People (LIVE, 2022) - Worldometer" 4504: 4305: 4301: 4081: 3645:"Mutilation of the tree of life via mass extinction of animal genera" 3060:

Healing the Planet: Strategies for Resolving the Environmental Crisis

2445:"Two centuries of rapid global population growth will come to an end" 1484: 1356:

biomass exceeded that of any other large land dwelling animal species

1220: 1187: 1155: 927: 271: 255: 214: 9471:

Netherlands Again Number One Donor to United Nations Population Fund

8031: 8014: 6416:"Earth has lost half of its wildlife in the past 40 years, says WWF" 5844: 4765: 4740: 4512: 3216:

Time and the Generations: Population Ethics for a Diminishing Planet

15444: 15429: 14960: 14945: 14847: 14685: 14133: 12861: 11517: 11079: 11002: 10963: 10065:"The best news of 2020? Humanity may never hit the 10 billion mark" 9897: 9643: 9641: 8374: 7715:"Landmark analysis documents the alarming global decline of nature" 6772: 5750:

Joseph A. Tainter (2006). "Archaeology of Overshoot and Collapse".

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Space colonization § Alleviating overpopulation and resource demand

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One Planet, How Many People? A Review of Earth's Carrying Capacity

5267:"World Population Prospects 2019, Volume II: Demographic Profiles" 5094: 2835:

Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R; Dirzo, Rodolfo (23 May 2017).

2785:

Fletcher, Robert; Breitling, Jan; Puleo, Valerie (9 August 2014).

1606:

Several strategies have been proposed to mitigate overpopulation.

1427:

Growth in food production has been greater than population growth.

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The Politics of Total Liberation: Revolution for the 21st Century

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Syvitski, Jaia; Waters, Colin N.; Day, John; et al. (2020).

6034:"The population debate: Are there too many people on the planet?" 5029:

Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban (9 May 2013).

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Cafaro, Philip; Hansson, Pernilla; Götmark, Frank (August 2022).

3377:"Economics of biodiversity review: what are the recommendations?" 2654:"Suddenly There Aren't Enough Babies. The Whole World Is Alarmed" 2299:

Organization advocate against limits to human population growth.

2224: 2126:. Such policies have been introduced by the government of India. 1998: 1778: 1591: 1575: 1355: 1119: 966:

linked the issue to population growth in 2017, and advocated for

672: 112: 48:, though it may concern individual nations, regions, and cities. 13172: 11969:

Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies

10472:"Is the way we think about overpopulation racist? | Fred Pearce" 9638: 7960: 7483: 5447: 2199:, which some critics have accused of having racial undertones. 926:

argued that human overpopulation represents a threat to Earth's

522:

Map of population density by country, per square kilometer (See

274:(and often devolve into social scientists and biologists simply 15434: 15360: 14020: 12498: 11863: 11352: 10984: 7979:

Lester R. Brown, Gary Gardner, Brian Halweil (September 1998).

4433:(Reprint ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 4272: 4044: 2780: 2778: 2164: 1317:

Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

1224: 1209: 891:

generated renewed interest in the topic of overpopulation with

826: 733:

Concerns about population size or density have a long history:

222: 158: 104: 10666: 10644:"Population Research Institute Inc - Company Profile and News" 10370:"Uttar Pradesh bill: The myth of India's population explosion" 8696:

The Stork and the Plow: The Equity Answer to the Human Dilemma

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young women, which has been proven to lower fertility rates."

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Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population

10528:

Staying with the trouble : making kin in the Chthulucene

8672:, Island Press/Shearwater Books, pp. 181–205 (chapter 6) 8670:

One with Nineveh: Politics, Consumption, and the Human Future

7961:"Will Limits of the Earth's Resources Control Human Numbers?" 7579: 7376:"Rising global meat consumption 'will devastate environment'" 6836:"Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future" 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 5331:"Plague, Plague Information, Black Death Facts, News, Photos" 3038:

One with Nineveh: Politics, Consumption, and the Human Future

2196: 2104: 1601: 1579: 1444: 1321: 1238: 676: 7652:

Life on the Brink: Environmentalists Confront Overpopulation

6533:"Planning and Markets: Peter Gordon and Harry W. Richardson" 5701:"World population growth is expected to nearly stop by 2100" 5509:

Better Never to Have Been: The Harm of Coming into Existence

5172:"Human Carrying Capacity is Determined by Food Availability" 4670: 4142: 4039:

Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation

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occur on a finite planet, are themselves increasing rapidly.

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Godfray, H. Charles J.; Aveyard, Paul; et al. (2018).

6590:

10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0195:RTLTWP]2.0.CO;2

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1994 International Conference on Population and Development

1266: 372:. Due to its impact on the human ability to grow food, the 177:, are motivated by racism, or place an undue burden on the 10302:"The legacy of India's quest to sterilise millions of men" 9447:

Population growth driving climate change, poverty: experts

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Population Outrunning Water Supply as World Hits 6 Billion

7747: 6564: 6282: 4201:(2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 2495:"The Book That Incited a Worldwide Fear of Overpopulation" 1715:

and expected levels of resource use and waste generation.

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Brown, Lester R. and Halweil, Brian (23 September 1999).

1228: 1103: 233:) rather than overpopulation, and that population growth 108: 9923: 9921: 9484:

Maternal mortality ratio falling too slowly to meet goal

9310: 9261: 9215:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice" 9212: 9166:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice" 9163: 9111: 9065:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice" 9062: 8354: 5247:

Max Roser; Hannah Ritchie; Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2013).

5028: 3764: 3707:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice" 3704: 2586: 1487:

is threatened by overpopulation, and could give rise to

1474: 1257:

Some studies and commentary link population growth with

1182:, particularly due to human population size and growth, 13039:

UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)

10724:

Man Swarm: How Overpopulation is Killing the Wild World

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Van Den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M.; Rietveld, Piet (2004).

6483:

Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh; Harmen Verbruggen (1999).

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Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history

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The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression

3472:"Global demographic trends and future carbon emissions" 2906:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

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Overpopulation hypotheses are controversial, with many

11201:

International Conference on Population and Development

10684: 10678: 10672: 9625: 9408: 9406: 9359: 7644: 7642: 7521: 7202:"Human population, social justice, and climate policy" 7173:"Population control 'vital' to curbing climate change" 6906:"Overpopulation's Real Victim Will Be the Environment" 4856: 4854: 4573: 4353:

Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries

3813: 3079: 2784: 2752: 2750: 2589:"World population stabilization unlikely this century" 959:

World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice

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might change in the future. These projections help to

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Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal

11986:

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

10759:

Countdown: Our Last, Best Hope for a Future on Earth?

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Environmental issues surrounding human overpopulation

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Human Population Numbers as a Function of Food Supply

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Brashares, Justin; Arcese, Peter; Sam, Moses (2001).

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Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments

10594:"The Muslim Overpopulation Myth That Just Won't Die" 9947: 9819:"Figure 8: Population by Total Fertility (millions)" 8789:"Sustainability, population and reproductive ethics" 8426: 8424: 3539: 2834: 10088: 10086: 10005: 9403: 8709:Greguš, Jan; Guillebaud, John (11 September 2023). 8682: 8281:(2000). "Democracy Cannot Survive Overpopulation". 7639: 6444:"Stopping at two children is better for the planet" 5658:

World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results

5542:

World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results

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World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results

4862:"Does population growth lead to hunger and famine?" 4851: 4809:

United Nations, Dept of Economic and Social Affairs

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World Population Prospects 2024: Summary of Results

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World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results

1344:, contend that population growth is devastating to 936:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

934:reports that 82% of scientists associated with the 756:Table of population growth in England 1780–1810 in 341:

List of countries and territories by fertility rate

51:Since 1804, the global living human population has 11907:Health expenditure by country by type of financing 9838:Dyett, Jordan; Thomas, Cassidy (18 January 2019). 9313:"World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency" 9264:"World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency" 9040: 9038: 9036: 9034: 7195: 7193: 6661: 5979: 4546: 4458: 4231:The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931–1933 4194: 4036: 3998: 3770:"World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency" 3129: 2758:"Human Overpopulation: Still an Issue of Concern?" 2455: 2268:Millennium Alliance for Humanity and the Biosphere 2061:," which acutely affects women and communities of 360:has been rising continuously since the end of the 10562:Ecological economics: principles and applications 10404:Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 9844:Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 8421: 7304:"Why you shouldn't obsess about "overpopulation"" 7166: 7164: 6967: 5749: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4579:"Peak Farmland and the Prospect for Land Sparing" 2035:birth control measures taken in other countries. 1348:. Wilson for example, has expressed concern when 1328:Some scientists and environmentalists, including 1160:InterAcademy Panel Statement on Population Growth 773:By the early 19th century, intellectuals such as 766:, which would go on to be an influential text on 15557: 15322:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction 11980:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 10398:Thomas, Cassidy; Gosink, Elhom (25 March 2021). 10251:The moral imperative to reduce global population 10174: 10172: 10170: 10083: 8757: 8755: 8708: 8200:"Overpopulation, overconsumption, and economics" 6828: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6820: 5488:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5401: 5309:"A Brief Introduction to the History of Climate" 4719: 4221: 4164:. Translated by Murphy, Jonathan; Kramer, Mark. 1777:methods, and to make birth-control devices like 1070:Attempts have been made to estimate the world's 326:UN population estimates and projection 1950–2100 10393: 10391: 9719:"UN Habitat calling urban living 'a good thing" 9159: 9157: 9031: 8977:Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Brook, Barry W. (2014). 8009: 8007: 7402:"Meat consumption, health, and the environment" 7199: 7190: 5559:"World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision" 3642: 3476:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3409:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3271: 3269: 2987:Ehrlich, Paul R. Ehrlich & Anne H. (1990). 2982: 2980: 2957:Paul Ehrlich; Anne H. 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(2013). 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3050: 3028: 2899: 2519: 2517: 2515: 1844: 749:because of overpopulation or overconsumption. 305: 14225:Existential risk from artificial intelligence 14066: 14052: 13188: 12165: 11338: 10822: 10798: 10167: 9823:World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision 8976: 8752: 7706: 6817: 6751: 6561:W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY, USA. 6209: 6207: 5826: 4998:"Black death 'discriminated' between victims" 4673:"Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time?" 4553:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 4540: 4538: 4465:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 4452: 4450: 3927: 3925: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3700: 3698: 3535: 3533: 1021:of Earth has exceeded, as measured using the 800:was held in 1927 in Geneva, organized by the 11877:Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza 10397: 10388: 10218:One child : do we have a right to more? 10153:. 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(2021). 7057:Baillie, Jonathan; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2018). 7030: 6898: 6623: 6413: 6260: 6204: 5796: 5794: 5383:"Historical Estimates of World Population" 5153:Hopfenberg, Russell and Pimentel, David, " 4738: 4535: 4447: 3972:An Economic History of the USSR, 1917–1991 3922: 3853: 3695: 3530: 3374: 2438: 2436: 1602:Proposed solutions and mitigation measures 1546: 1354:reached a population of six billion their 1281:emissions. A July 2017 study published in 13074:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) 10277:. London. 31 January 2007. Archived from 10040: 9996:cato.org, Chelsea Follett, 24 April 2018. 9878: 9386: 9336: 9287: 9238: 9189: 9137: 9088: 9014: 9004: 8865: 8726: 8597: 8548: 8450: 8373: 8030: 7619: 7425: 7321: 7082: 7003: 6993: 6851: 6797: 6771: 6588: 6463:"Publications – Global Footprint Network" 5915: 5311:. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories 5184:. Population media center. 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(9 June 2022). 2678: 2077:Coercive population control policies 1401:depletion of non-renewable resources 1364:United Nations Environment Programme 1059: 686: 683:History of overpopulation hypotheses 334:Map of countries and territories by 96:follow a similar line of inquiry as 14391:Extinction risk from climate change 14290:New World Order (conspiracy theory) 12099:Number of billionaires (US dollars) 12094:Number of millionaires (US dollars) 11917:Total health expenditure per capita 11800:Ethnic and cultural diversity level 11231:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement 10352:"'Cars for sterilisation' campaign" 9507:Fornos, Werner (10 December 2001). 8521:Ethics, Medicine, and Public Health 7903: 6182: 5939:Connelly, Matthew (November 2006). 5673: 5251:. Our World in Data. Archived from 5003:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4833: 4815: 4192: 4031: 3935:Should we control world population? 3233: 3082:"Scientists' warning on population" 2284:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement 1665:Creating small family "role models" 1263:greenhouse gas emissions per capita 1142:Environmental impact of agriculture 1098: 952:said that human overpopulation and 811: 243:advancement of scientific knowledge 13: 15351:List of fictional doomsday devices 12687:Environmental full-cost accounting 12179: 11637:Past and future population density 10709:. 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Archived from 9599: 9582: 9547: 9519: 9500: 9476: 9463: 9439: 9353: 9304: 9255: 9206: 9105: 9056: 8970: 8947: 8892: 8882: 8780: 8743: 8702: 8676: 8654: 8628: 8565: 8508: 8459: 8389: 8348: 8311: 8271: 8245: 8191: 8164: 8137: 8124: 8098: 8063: 7973: 7953: 7929: 7897: 7871: 7845: 7791: 7741: 7694:from the original on 18 May 2019 7673: 7573: 7515: 7450: 7393: 7367: 7286: 7258: 7135: 7099: 7050: 7024: 6961: 6928: 6872: 6752:Bologna, M.; Aquino, G. (2020). 6745: 6723:"Planetary Boundaries: Specials" 6715: 6689: 6645: 6617: 6605: 6551: 6525: 6476: 6455: 6435: 6407: 6382: 6360: 6338: 6315: 6254: 6242:McKie, Robin (25 January 2017). 6235: 6214:Moody, Oliver (31 August 2017). 6160: 6066: 6031: 6004:. 8 January 2020. Archived from 5932: 5874:C. -S., A. M. (1 October 1927). 5867: 5820: 5803: 5770: 5743: 5718: 5693: 5667: 4598:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00561.x 3869:Piper, Kelsey (20 August 2019). 3089:Science of the Total Environment 2965:. Yale School of the Environment 2492: 2227:is thought to have driven their 1981:human impacts on the environment 1850:This section is an excerpt from 1838:Science of the Total Environment 1362:, the executive director of the 1148:human impacts on the environment 989: 690: 643:The most recent report from the 609:Projections of population growth 260:overturning scientific paradigms 14983:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse 14480:Land surface effects on climate 14453:Human impact on the environment 14084:Future of an expanding universe 13220: 12677:Corporate social responsibility 12606:Ocean thermal energy conversion 12545:Community-supported agriculture 12230:Human impact on the environment 11272:Human impact on the environment 11206:Population Action International 10560:Daly, H. E.; Farley, J (2011). 10185:Human Rights and Sustainability 9769:. Unhabitat.org. Archived from 9648:Greetings, Carbon-Based Bipeds! 9533:. Windmill Books. p. 111. 8917:. 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London: Hutchinson. pp. 2950: 2893: 2679:Shan, Lee Ying (11 July 2024). 2369:Overpopulation in domestic pets 1892: 1668:Secular cultures and societies. 1590:and reproductive contraptions, 1399:Some commentary has attributed 1312:contemporary species extinction 1176:human impact on the environment 1136:Human impact on the environment 964:contemporary species extinction 167:human impact on the environment 12917:Socially responsible marketing 12133:List of international rankings 11959:International Innovation Index 11882:HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate 11221:United Nations Population Fund 10836: 10525:Haraway, Donna Jeanne (2016). 8452:10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106026 8025:(7306): 546–547. 1 July 2010. 7680:Watts, Jonathan (6 May 2019). 5726:"Population explosion is over" 5434:"modelling exponential growth" 3932:Coole, Diana (8 August 2018). 3606:. Cambridge University Press. 2722: 2695: 2672: 2645: 1620:Several scientists (including 1497:University of Colorado Boulder 1284:Environmental Research Letters 950:Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings 200:population planning strategies 1: 15581:Demographic economic problems 14929:Interpretations of Revelation 14731:Cosmological phase transition 14637:Decline in insect populations 14089:Ultimate fate of the universe 13108:Sustainable Development Goals 12912:Socially responsible business 11992:Tertiary education attainment 10564:(2nd ed.). Island press. 10354:. 1 July 2011. Archived from 10100:. 17 May 2020. Archived from 10025:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30677-2 8216:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91526-1 7713:Stokstad, Erik (5 May 2019). 7457:Perkins, Sid (11 July 2017). 6535:. Pam.usc.edu. Archived from 6512:10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00032-4 5827:Carr-Saunders, A. M. 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Columbia University Press. 2803:10.1080/01436597.2014.926110 1936: 1876:and science fiction writers 1526:According to anthropologist 1457:pressures on the environment 1265:. The global consumption of 1017:have argued that the annual 858:World Population Conferences 737:, a resident of the city of 7: 15586:Environmental controversies 15264:Nemesis (hypothetical star) 14413:Global terrestrial stilling 13276:Environmental globalization 13251:Anti-globalization movement 12937:Sustainability organization 12722:Standards and certification 12313:Social return on investment 11642:Person-to-arable land ratio 11246:World Population Foundation 11236:World Population Conference 11149:World population milestones 10747:(published November 2015). 10221:. Oxford University Press. 10069:Mongabay Environmental News 9957:Peron, Jim (October 1995). 8590:10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100728 8533:10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100728 8015:"Food: The growing problem" 7657:University of Georgia Press 7171:Agencies (6 January 2006). 6935:Subramanian, Meera (2019). 6183:Gao, George (8 June 2015). 6150:, Picador, New York (2006) 5617:Population Reference Bureau 5595:United States Census Bureau 5457:". BBC News. 29 March 2007. 4403:University of Chicago Press 2443:Roser, Max (18 June 2019). 2309: 2256:that calculates the annual 1916:is significantly improved. 1845:Extraterrestrial settlement 1056:categories of consumption. 798:World Population Conference 312:World population milestones 306:History of world population 184: 65:United Nations' projections 40:may become too large to be 10: 15607: 14776:Asteroid impact prediction 14751:Heat death of the universe 14161:Mutual assured destruction 13424:Offshore financial centres 12362:Systemic change resistance 11944:Bloomberg Innovation Index 11872:Antidepressant consumption 11544:World population estimates 11539:Past and future population 11118:Population and Environment 8360:"Population and Civil War" 8321:Population and Environment 8284:Population and Environment 7904:Lin, Doris (3 July 2019). 7229:10.1007/s11625-021-00951-w 7123:Cambridge University Press 6995:10.1038/s43247-020-00029-y 6790:10.1038/s41598-020-63657-6 6368:"WWF Living planet report" 5635:"Future Population Growth" 4361:Princeton University Press 4118:(2nd ed.). New York: 4086:Cambridge University Press 3974:(3rd ed.). New York: 3353:. UK government. p. 3 3181:Population and Environment 2274:Negative Population Growth 2238: 2156: 2080: 2042: 2031:, as well as mandatory or 1940: 1896: 1849: 1791:pregnancies are unintended 1726: 1613: 1388: 1168:atmospheric carbon dioxide 1139: 1133: 1107: 1063: 1011:World Wide Fund for Nature 998: 726: 606: 544:Projected 2050 population 315: 309: 18: 15468: 15402: 15394:Nuclear Threat Initiative 15371: 15327:List of apocalyptic films 15304: 15170:2011 end times prediction 15162: 14902:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks 14897:Abomination of desolation 14833: 14771:Asteroid impact avoidance 14708: 14619: 14601:List of extinction events 14576: 14569: 14535: 14443:Environmental degradation 14339: 14330: 14245: 14230:Technological singularity 14099: 14074: 14068:Global catastrophic risks 14004: 13962: 13837: 13772: 13689: 13680: 13607: 13444: 13365: 13358: 13238: 13210: 13117: 13028: 12965: 12737: 12664: 12573: 12540:Climate-smart agriculture 12525: 12497: 12454: 12408: 12375: 12248: 12205: 12187: 12127: 12089:Share of income of top 1% 12005: 11936: 11862: 11764: 11706: 11650: 11622: 11531: 11500: 11449: 11394: 11386:Demographics of the world 11364: 11290: 11254: 11179: 11131: 11110: 11028:Human population planning 10993: 10939: 10890: 10852:Demographics of the world 10844: 10804: 10799:Links to related articles 10762:Little, Brown and Company 10531:. 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Taylor & Francis. 7942:25 December 2013 at the 5591:"Population Projections" 5412:"International Programs" 4678:American Economic Review 4652:. Global Change Data Lab 4623:. Global Change Data Lab 4314:. Global Change Data Lab 4170:Harvard University Press 2990:The population explosion 2250:Global Footprint Network 2083:Compulsory sterilization 2029:China's one-child policy 1966:Some critics, including 1045:Global Footprint Network 1015:Global Footprint Network 979:and biodiversity loss." 974:. In 2019, a warning on 968:human population control 856:held the first of three 669:less developed countries 382:Lotka–Volterra equations 145:, leading to population 19:Not to be confused with 15591:Political controversies 14215:Artificial intelligence 13548:Investor-state disputes 13501:Illicit financial flows 13345:Political globalization 13293:Global financial system 12555:Sustainable agriculture 12042:Human Development Index 11954:Global Innovation Index 11892:Maternal mortality rate 11467:Commonwealth of Nations 10975:Malthusian growth model 9672:The Good Earth Is Dying 9489:31 October 2013 at the 9006:10.1073/pnas.1410465111 8297:10.1023/A:1006681515521 8134:. Worldwatch Institute. 8084:10.1023/A:1010055012699 7959:David Pimentel, et al. 7540:10.1126/science.1246752 7427:10.1126/science.aam5324 7084:10.1126/science.aau1397 6060:21 October 2021 at the 5514:Oxford University Press 4921:Transnational Institute 4549:The Ultimate Resource 2 4076:Rockoff, Hugh (2004) . 4053:Oxford University Press 4009:The Heritage Foundation 3671:10.1073/pnas.2306987120 3550:Biological Conservation 3497:10.1073/pnas.1004581107 3430:10.1073/pnas.1421989112 2864:10.1073/pnas.1704949114 2708:The Wall Street Journal 2658:The Wall Street Journal 2613:10.1126/science.1257469 2289:Population Media Center 2115:to reduce birth rates. 2045:Feminization of poverty 1831:(such as by abolishing 1555:argued in light of the 1547:Epidemics and pandemics 507:After the start of the 276:talking past each other 159:hunger and malnutrition 131:non-renewable resources 15344:List of disaster films 15185:Apocalyptic literature 14285:Malthusian catastrophe 14211:Synthetic intelligence 13889:Christopher Chase-Dunn 13657:Primitive accumulation 13340:Military globalization 13271:Economic globalization 13256:Cultural globalization 13098:(Rio+10, Johannesburg) 12967:Sustainable management 12952:Urban drainage systems 12692:Environmental planning 12656:Water recycling shower 12646:Tidal stream generator 12441:Sustainable industries 12400:Sustainable population 12385:Demographic transition 12367:Tragedy of the commons 12020:Development aid donors 11658:Population growth rate 11102:Zero population growth 11097:Sustainable population 11021:Malthusian catastrophe 10980:Overshoot (population) 10857:Demographic transition 10749:Discussion of the book 10576:The Ecological Citizen 10255:The Ecological Citizen 9379:10.1093/biosci/biab079 8911:Crist, Eileen (2019). 8698:, Grosset/Putnam Books 8466:Hickel, Jason (2021). 7906:"Human Overpopulation" 7612:10.1126/sciadv.1400253 7209:Sustainability Science 6880:"IAP (login required)" 6442:Martin, Roger (2010). 6390:"Data and Methodology" 4227:Wheatcroft, Stephen G. 4197:Development As Freedom 4193:Sen, Amartya (2001) . 4120:Henry Holt and Company 4080:(Paperback ed.). 3999:Schuettinger, Robert; 3148:10.1098/rspb.2001.1815 2918:10.1098/rspb.2012.2845 2379:Zero population growth 2354:Overshoot (population) 2349:Malthusian catastrophe 2327:Demographic transition 2235:Advocacy organizations 2147:fertility rate falling 2143:demographic transition 2107:, have used strict or 2049:Sex-selective abortion 1993:Nicholas Eberstadt, a 1960: 1754: 1696: 1428: 1154:threatens the world's 1110:Demographic transition 1080:sustainable population 1066:Sustainable population 982:In 2020, a quote from 945:Times Higher Education 898: 770: 741:in the second century 660: 614:Population projections 530: 354: 346: 327: 204:sustainable population 100:Malthusian catastrophe 98:Malthusianism and its 14726:Coronal mass ejection 14188:Electromagnetic pulse 14149:Kinetic energy weapon 12990:Humanistic capitalism 12805:Environmental finance 12446:Sustainable packaging 11780:Age at first marriage 11668:Net reproduction rate 11614:Population milestones 11396:Continents/subregions 11358:population statistics 11211:Population Connection 11075:Mere addition paradox 10914:Physiological density 10215:Conly, Sarah (2016). 10179:Meijers, Tim (2016), 9935:. UK. 18 January 2011 9329:10.1093/biosci/biz088 9280:10.1093/biosci/biz088 9231:10.1093/biosci/bix125 9182:10.1093/biosci/bix125 9130:10.1093/biosci/biy009 9081:10.1093/biosci/bix125 7348:10.1057/9781137440723 6729:. 23 September 2009. 6697:"Ecological Debt Day" 6123:Wilson, E.O. (2002). 5227:Abernathy, Virginia, 5134:www.worldometers.info 5066:Smil, Vaclav (1999). 4461:The Ultimate Resource 4150:; Panné, Jean-Louis; 3784:10.1093/biosci/biz088 3729:10.1093/biosci/bix125 3612:10.1017/9781108985260 2791:Third World Quarterly 2599:(6206). AAAS: 234–7. 2111:measures such as the 2099:Ehrlich advocated in 1954: 1897:Further information: 1761:and giving access to 1744: 1691: 1493:Albert Allen Bartlett 1479:It was speculated by 1426: 1271:environmental impacts 1130:Environmental impacts 930:. A 2015 survey from 886: 878:Albert Allen Bartlett 755: 658: 521: 509:Industrial Revolution 388:and insect ecologist 352: 333: 325: 292:reinscribing colonial 245:that has enabled the 84:Early discussions of 15566:Human overpopulation 15128:War of Gog and Magog 14805:Near-Earth supernova 14555:Human overpopulation 14359:Mass mortality event 14253:Anthropogenic hazard 13954:Immanuel Wallerstein 13615:Capital accumulation 13481:Endangered languages 12957:Urban infrastructure 12651:Water heat recycling 12474:Conservation biology 12318:Steady-state economy 12293:Micro-sustainability 12278:Ecological footprint 12235:Planetary boundaries 11830:Number of households 11815:Linguistic diversity 11810:Immigrant population 11756:past life expectancy 11241:World Population Day 11196:Church of Euthanasia 11085:Non-identity problem 11060:Political demography 11016:Human overpopulation 10337:29 July 2016 at the 10019:(10258): 1285–1306. 9966:frasterinstitute.org 9460:(21 September 2009). 9458:Agence France-Presse 8805:10.48095/cccg2023190 8728:10.3390/world4030036 8144:Fred Pearce (2007). 7992:Worldwatch Institute 7986:3 March 2016 at the 7966:10 July 2016 at the 7582:Barnosky, Anthony D. 6703:on December 17, 2008 6557:Cohen, J.E. (1995). 6492:Ecological Economics 6394:footprintnetwork.org 6301:www.newstatesman.com 5833:The Economic Journal 5255:on 22 November 2021. 5210:Hopfenberg, Russel. 5191:on 21 September 2020 4695:10.1257/aer.20161574 4363:. pp. 324–351. 4355:(Reprint ed.). 4156:Margolin, Jean-Louis 4043:(Reprint ed.). 2963:Yale Environment 360 2537:(10258): 1285–1306. 2499:Smithsonian Magazine 2413:Planet of the Humans 2374:Steady-state economy 2359:Planetary boundaries 2338:The Limits to Growth 2294:Church of Euthanasia 2167:and having roots in 1903:Sustainable urbanism 1787:intrauterine devices 1759:empowerment of women 1152:resource consumption 1114:Income and fertility 1050:United Arab Emirates 1028:Living Planet Report 1023:ecological footprint 1001:Planetary boundaries 916:environmental issues 840:The Limits to Growth 366:medical advancements 202:to reach a proposed 139:resource consumption 57:medical advancements 33:population overshoot 27:Human overpopulation 15200:Blood moon prophecy 14993:Number of the Beast 14591:Holocene extinction 14537:Earth Overshoot Day 14485:Ocean acidification 14448:Habitat destruction 14438:Ecological collapse 14144:Kinetic bombardment 14079:Future of the Earth 14026:Business portal 13585:Transnational crime 13491:Forced displacement 13476:Economic inequality 13350:Trade globalization 13246:Alter-globalization 13058:Earth Summit (1992) 12712:Metrics and indices 12565:Sustainable fishery 12484:Holocene extinction 12303:Product stewardship 12273:Earth Overshoot Day 12064:Human Poverty Index 12052:inequality-adjusted 12037:Irrigated land area 11775:Age at childbearing 11698:Past fertility rate 11090:Reproductive rights 10921:Population dynamics 10872:Population momentum 10623:Earth Overshoot Day 10071:. 10 September 2020 9513:Insight on the News 9452:23 May 2012 at the 9420:. 2 February 2019. 8997:2014PNAS..11116610B 8991:(46): 16610–16615. 8279:Bartlett, Albert A. 7948:Scientific American 7604:2015SciA....1E0253C 7418:2018Sci...361M5324G 7221:2021SuSc...16.1753W 7075:2018Sci...361.1051B 6986:2020ComEE...1...32S 6916:on 18 February 2013 6886:on 10 February 2010 6782:2020NatSR..10.7631B 6504:1999EcoEc..29...61V 6190:Pew Research Center 5892:1927Natur.120..465C 5705:Pew Research Center 5422:on 13 October 2013. 5341:on 28 November 2007 5335:National Geographic 5291:"Population, total" 5229:Population Politics 5179:Russel Hopfenberg, 5087:1999Natur.400..415S 5006:. 29 January 2008. 4757:2015Natur.528..322S 4304:(7 December 2017). 4154:; Bartošek, Karel; 4152:Paczkowski, Andrzej 3739:on 15 December 2019 3663:2023PNAS..12006987C 3657:(39): e2306987120. 3563:2022BCons.27209646C 3488:2010PNAS..10717521O 3482:(41): 17521–17526. 3421:2015PNAS..112E.506O 3234:Rao, Mohan (1994). 3142:(1484): 2473–2478. 2855:2017PNAS..114E6089C 2849:(30): E6089–E6096. 2762:Scientific American 2605:2014Sci...346..234G 2392:Fatal Misconception 2385:Documentary and art 2332:Earth Overshoot Day 2258:Earth Overshoot Day 2212:of poor countries. 2187:, where it occurs. 2135:population policies 2101:The Population Bomb 2059:reproductive rights 1995:political economist 1925:The Population Bomb 1813:reproductive rights 1783:contraceptive pills 1733:Reproductive rights 1636:Improved access to 1610:Population planning 1186:, overconsumption, 932:Pew Research Center 904:The Population Bomb 894:The Population Bomb 887:American biologist 822:The Population Bomb 502:Last Glacial Period 401: 237:has led to greater 151:population momentum 122:The Population Bomb 81:estimated in 2014. 15571:Population ecology 15515:Doomsday scenarios 15081:Beast of the Earth 14973:Book of Revelation 14761:Virtual black hole 14741:False vacuum decay 14691:Pollinator decline 14654:Biological warfare 14644:Biotechnology risk 14495:Resource depletion 13799:Andre Gunder Frank 13573:Race to the bottom 13563:North–South divide 13281:Global citizenship 12517:Sustainable energy 12479:Endangered species 12436:Sustainable design 12350:Consumer behaviour 11825:Net migration rate 11805:Ethnic composition 11624:Population density 11501:Cities/urban areas 11374:Current population 11354:Lists of countries 11216:Population Matters 10931:Population pyramid 10909:Population density 10904:Population decline 10774:Thomas Robertson, 10660:Bundled references 10281:on 19 January 2008 9700:. Addison Wesley. 9698:John S. Lewis 9594:A Step Farther Out 9497:(12 October 2007). 8692:Daily, Gretchen C. 8642:. 19 November 2009 7779:on 29 January 2022 7340:Palgrave Macmillan 7246:on 26 October 2021 7116:3 May 2016 at the 7059:"Space for nature" 6759:Scientific Reports 6521:on 9 October 2007. 6125:The Future of Life 5571:on 3 December 2018 5389:on 13 October 2013 5297:on 3 January 2022. 4615:(22 August 2017). 4338:Quandt, Richard E. 4239:Palgrave Macmillan 4144:Courtois, Stéphane 4007:. Washington, DC: 3766:Ripple, William J. 3193:10.1007/BF02211719 2912:(1754): 20122845. 2279:Population Matters 2263:Population Balance 2095:Three-child policy 1968:Nicholas Eberstadt 1961: 1860:resource depletion 1799:sub-Saharan Africa 1755: 1596:resource depletion 1551:A 2021 article in 1429: 1391:Resource depletion 1385:Resource depletion 1342:David Attenborough 1180:Great Acceleration 1164:national academies 1038:Population Matters 984:David Attenborough 899: 791:Irish Great Famine 771: 702:. You can help by 661: 534:Future projections 531: 399: 394:Virginia Abernethy 355: 347: 328: 165:, and the overall 163:resource depletion 15531: 15530: 15525: 15524: 15356:Zombie apocalypse 15257:Postmillennialism 15052:Great Tribulation 14825:Stellar collision 14786:Near-Earth object 14736:Geomagnetic storm 14704: 14703: 14627:Biodiversity loss 14611:Genetic pollution 14565: 14564: 14354:Biodiversity loss 14317:Societal collapse 14295:Nuclear holocaust 14280:Economic collapse 14263:Doomsday argument 14181:Antimatter weapon 14034: 14033: 14000: 13999: 13859:K. Anthony Appiah 13854:Daniele Archibugi 13603: 13602: 13392:COVID-19 pandemic 13298:Global governance 13170: 13169: 13096:Earth Summit 2002 13079:Lisbon Principles 13051:Our Common Future 12729:Sustainable yield 12535:Civic agriculture 12288:Green consumption 12225:Global governance 12147: 12146: 12119:Wealth inequality 12114:Unemployment rate 11651:Growth indicators 11513:National capitals 11320: 11319: 11191:7 Billion Actions 11065:Population ethics 10958:Carrying capacity 10867:Population growth 10786:, Peter Engelke, 10538:978-0-8223-6224-1 10506:. 29 January 2020 10249:Hedberg T (2021) 10228:978-0-19-020343-6 9806:National Observer 9613:on 17 August 2014 9590:Colonies in Space 9075:(12): 1026–1028. 8932:978-0-226-59680-8 8793:Česká gynekologie 8479:978-1-78609-121-5 8438:World Development 8210:(8897): 582–584. 8157:978-0-8070-8573-8 7950:(2 October 2009). 7859:. 15 January 2020 7769:978-1-5225-1684-2 7149:. 5 December 2009 6676:Our World in Data 6303:. 4 November 2020 6156:978-0-312-42581-4 6008:on 8 January 2020 5886:(3022): 465–466. 5817:(pp. 20, 203–206) 5815:978-0-691-12237-3 5674:Nations, United. 5639:Our World in Data 5035:Our World in Data 4983:Prospect Magazine 4923:. 7 December 2009 4866:Our World in Data 4751:(7582): 322–325. 4649:Our World in Data 4621:Our World in Data 4575:Ausubel, Jesse H. 4311:Our World in Data 3945:978-1-5095-2344-3 3722:(12): 1026–1028. 3621:978-1-108-98526-0 2493:Mann, Charles C. 2449:Our World in Data 2317:Biodiversity loss 2252:, a coalition of 1943:Population ethics 1868:Gerard K. O'Neill 1825:William J. Ripple 1820:are implemented. 1584:social disruption 1557:COVID-19 pandemic 1536:population growth 1308:biodiversity loss 1304:population growth 1299:policy approach. 1275:biodiversity loss 1088:William J. Ripple 1072:carrying capacity 1060:Carrying capacity 1025:. In 2006, WWF's 850:dystopian fiction 831:societal collapse 802:League of Nations 787:English poor laws 720: 719: 638:population growth 626:human development 605: 604: 486: 485: 368:and increases in 318:Population growth 300:population growth 196:biodiversity loss 155:biodiversity loss 143:carrying capacity 119:in his 1968 book 92:. Discussions of 21:Population growth 15598: 15576:World population 15548: 15547: 15539: 15490: 15489: 15481:World portal 15479: 15478: 15440:Financial crisis 15269:Nibiru cataclysm 15247:Premillennialism 15091:Dhul-Suwayqatayn 15059:Son of perdition 15047:Olivet Discourse 15023:Whore of Babylon 14649:Biological agent 14596:Human extinction 14586:Extinction event 14574: 14573: 14545:Overexploitation 14475:Land consumption 14470:Land degradation 14337: 14336: 14199:Micro black hole 14107:Chemical warfare 14061: 14054: 14047: 14038: 14037: 14024: 14023: 14012: 14011: 13965: 13874:Jean Baudrillard 13842: 13789:Giovanni Arrighi 13777: 13734:Branko Milanović 13714:Jagdish Bhagwati 13692: 13687: 13686: 13578:pollution havens 13543:Invasive species 13447: 13368: 13363: 13362: 13313:Global workforce 13223: 13222: 13197: 13190: 13183: 13174: 13173: 13137: 13136: 13125: 13124: 13069:Agenda 21 (1992) 13040: 13005:Natural resource 12892:Organic movement 12867:Impact investing 12586:Hydroelectricity 12560:Sustainable diet 12512:Renewable energy 12507:Carbon footprint 12489:Invasive species 12426:Natural building 12377:World population 12338:Marketing myopia 12298:Over-consumption 12268:Circular economy 12263:Anti-consumerism 12220:Environmentalism 12174: 12167: 12160: 12151: 12150: 12138:Lists by country 11849:Urban population 11790:Dependency ratio 11678:Number of deaths 11673:Number of births 11663:Natural increase 11450:Intercontinental 11347: 11340: 11333: 11324: 11323: 11310: 11309: 11298: 11297: 11267:Green Revolution 11048:Two-child policy 11043:One-child policy 10966: 10926:Population model 10882:World population 10831: 10824: 10817: 10808: 10807: 10795: 10794: 10701:Matthew Connelly 10688: 10682: 10676: 10670: 10654: 10653: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10615: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10589: 10583: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10557: 10551: 10550: 10522: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10511: 10494: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10483: 10468: 10462: 10461: 10459: 10457: 10451:The Wire Science 10442: 10436: 10435: 10395: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10366: 10360: 10359: 10348: 10342: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10267: 10261: 10247: 10241: 10240: 10212: 10206: 10205: 10176: 10165: 10164: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10120: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10109: 10090: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10061: 10055: 10054: 10044: 10003: 9997: 9991: 9985: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9974: 9963: 9954: 9945: 9944: 9942: 9940: 9925: 9916: 9915: 9892:(3rd ed.). 9885: 9876: 9875: 9850:(1–2): 205–224. 9835: 9826: 9816: 9810: 9809: 9798: 9792: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9773:on 7 August 2011 9763: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9741: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9730: 9715: 9709: 9691: 9685: 9678:, (published in 9669: 9663: 9652:Arthur C. Clarke 9645: 9636: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9603: 9597: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9551: 9545: 9544: 9523: 9517: 9516: 9504: 9498: 9480: 9474: 9467: 9461: 9443: 9437: 9436: 9434: 9432: 9410: 9401: 9400: 9390: 9357: 9351: 9350: 9340: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9291: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9242: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9193: 9161: 9152: 9151: 9141: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9092: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9042: 9029: 9028: 9018: 9008: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8908: 8899: 8896: 8890: 8886: 8880: 8879: 8869: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8832: 8824: 8784: 8778: 8777: 8759: 8750: 8747: 8741: 8740: 8730: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8688:Ehrlich, Anne H. 8684:Ehrlich, Paul R. 8680: 8674: 8673: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8632: 8626: 8625: 8619: 8611: 8601: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8552: 8512: 8506: 8505: 8499: 8491: 8463: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8428: 8419: 8418: 8393: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8377: 8352: 8346: 8345: 8328:(4–5): 223–236. 8315: 8309: 8308: 8275: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8168: 8162: 8161: 8150:. Beacon Press. 8141: 8135: 8128: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8108:. Archived from 8102: 8096: 8095: 8067: 8061: 8060: 8034: 8011: 8002: 7977: 7971: 7957: 7951: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7920: 7918: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7832:The Conversation 7823: 7810: 7809: 7803: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7778: 7772:. Archived from 7745: 7739: 7738: 7733: 7731: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7646: 7637: 7636: 7623: 7591:Science Advances 7577: 7571: 7570: 7519: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7502: 7495: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7429: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7328: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7299: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7272:The Conversation 7262: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7245: 7239:. Archived from 7215:(5): 1753–1756. 7206: 7197: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7168: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7139: 7133: 7106:John T. Houghton 7103: 7097: 7096: 7086: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7007: 6997: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6952: 6950: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6855: 6830: 6815: 6814: 6801: 6775: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6699:. Archived from 6693: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6668: 6659: 6658: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6621: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6592: 6568: 6562: 6555: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6514:. 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Archived from 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5279:on 13 July 2021. 5278: 5271: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5244: 5238: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5190: 5176: 5168: 5162: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5126: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5072: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5048: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4973: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4944: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4888: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4768: 4736: 4717: 4716: 4706: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4552: 4542: 4533: 4532: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4464: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4427:Simon, Julian L. 4423: 4417: 4416: 4393:(4th ed.). 4381: 4375: 4374: 4350: 4342:Friedman, Milton 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4200: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4042: 4029: 4023: 4022: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3929: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3901: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3866: 3851: 3850: 3836: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3795: 3762: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3738: 3732:. Archived from 3731: 3711: 3702: 3693: 3692: 3682: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3546: 3537: 3528: 3527: 3517: 3499: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3450: 3432: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3358: 3352: 3344:Dasgupta, Partha 3340: 3331: 3330: 3324: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3283:. 26 August 2020 3273: 3264: 3263: 3246:(5): PE40–PE52. 3231: 3220: 3219: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3159: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3086: 3077: 3064: 3063: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3013: 3011: 2984: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2929: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2876: 2866: 2832: 2823: 2822: 2797:(7): 1195–1215. 2782: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2754: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2734: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2632: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2564: 2546: 2521: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2490: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2462: 2453: 2452: 2440: 2322:Demographic trap 2179:, instead of on 2113:one-child policy 2091:Two-child policy 2087:One-child policy 2063:women in poverty 2004:A 2020 study in 1988:Fraser Institute 1931:growth economics 1878:Arthur C. Clarke 1823:A 2020 paper by 1795:developing world 1648:infant mortality 1297:environmentalist 1293:plant-based diet 1289:carbon footprint 1246: 1236: 1218: 1124:infant mortality 1099:Proposed impacts 942:surveyed by the 862:Human population 812:Contemporary use 715: 712: 694: 687: 618:human population 538: 537: 513:Green Revolution 402: 398: 358:World population 251:substitute goods 231:central planning 46:world population 15606: 15605: 15601: 15600: 15599: 15597: 15596: 15595: 15556: 15555: 15554: 15542: 15534: 15532: 15527: 15526: 15521: 15500:Future problems 15473: 15464: 15398: 15367: 15334:Climate fiction 15300: 15175:2012 phenomenon 15158: 15064:Sheep and Goats 14951:2 Thessalonians 14829: 14746:Gamma-ray burst 14700: 14615: 14606:Genetic erosion 14561: 14531: 14522:Water pollution 14490:Ozone depletion 14386:Desertification 14326: 14241: 14176:Doomsday device 14156:Nuclear warfare 14095: 14070: 14065: 14035: 14030: 14018: 13996: 13977:Thomas Friedman 13963: 13958: 13909:Anthony Giddens 13884:Manuel Castells 13849:Arjun Appadurai 13840: 13838: 13833: 13775: 13773: 13768: 13764:Joseph Stiglitz 13704:Richard Baldwin 13690: 13682: 13676: 13635:Fiscal localism 13599: 13553:McDonaldization 13471:Development aid 13445: 13440: 13409:Multilingualism 13404:Labor arbitrage 13380:Climate justice 13366: 13354: 13308:Global politics 13261:Deglobalization 13234: 13206: 13201: 13171: 13166: 13113: 13038: 13030: 13029:Agreements and 13024: 12961: 12765:Climate finance 12733: 12660: 12616:Reclaimed water 12569: 12521: 12493: 12450: 12404: 12390:Family planning 12371: 12244: 12201: 12183: 12178: 12148: 12143: 12142: 12123: 12079:Income equality 12032:Employment rate 12001: 11949:Education Index 11932: 11927:Body mass index 11858: 11760: 11708:Life expectancy 11702: 11646: 11632:Current density 11618: 11532:Past and future 11527: 11496: 11445: 11390: 11360: 11351: 11321: 11316: 11286: 11250: 11184: 11182: 11175: 11127: 11106: 11055:Overconsumption 11038:Family planning 10995: 10989: 10962: 10946: 10943: 10935: 10897: 10894: 10886: 10840: 10835: 10800: 10697: 10695:Further reading 10692: 10691: 10685: 10679: 10673: 10667: 10657: 10642: 10641: 10637: 10627: 10625: 10617: 10616: 10612: 10602: 10600: 10590: 10586: 10573: 10569: 10558: 10554: 10539: 10523: 10519: 10509: 10507: 10496: 10495: 10491: 10481: 10479: 10478:. 19 March 2018 10470: 10469: 10465: 10455: 10453: 10443: 10439: 10396: 10389: 10379: 10377: 10368: 10367: 10363: 10350: 10349: 10345: 10339:Wayback Machine 10329: 10325: 10315: 10313: 10298: 10294: 10284: 10282: 10275:The Independent 10269: 10268: 10264: 10248: 10244: 10229: 10213: 10209: 10203: 10177: 10168: 10161: 10147: 10143: 10133: 10131: 10121: 10117: 10107: 10105: 10092: 10091: 10084: 10074: 10072: 10063: 10062: 10058: 10004: 10000: 9992: 9988: 9978: 9976: 9972: 9961: 9955: 9948: 9938: 9936: 9933:The Independent 9927: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9902:Haymarket Books 9886: 9879: 9836: 9829: 9817: 9813: 9808:. 5 March 2018. 9800: 9799: 9795: 9790: 9786: 9776: 9774: 9765: 9764: 9760: 9750: 9748: 9743: 9742: 9738: 9728: 9726: 9717: 9716: 9712: 9692: 9688: 9670: 9666: 9646: 9639: 9635:. Morrow, 1977. 9631:G. K. O'Neill. 9630: 9626: 9616: 9614: 9605: 9604: 9600: 9587: 9583: 9552: 9548: 9541: 9524: 9520: 9505: 9501: 9491:Wayback Machine 9481: 9477: 9468: 9464: 9454:Wayback Machine 9444: 9440: 9430: 9428: 9412: 9411: 9404: 9358: 9354: 9309: 9305: 9260: 9256: 9211: 9207: 9162: 9155: 9110: 9106: 9061: 9057: 9044: 9043: 9032: 8975: 8971: 8961: 8959: 8952: 8948: 8933: 8909: 8902: 8897: 8893: 8887: 8883: 8846: 8842: 8826: 8825: 8785: 8781: 8774: 8760: 8753: 8748: 8744: 8707: 8703: 8681: 8677: 8666:Ehrlich, Anne H 8662:Ehrlich, Paul R 8659: 8655: 8645: 8643: 8634: 8633: 8629: 8613: 8612: 8570: 8566: 8513: 8509: 8493: 8492: 8480: 8464: 8460: 8429: 8422: 8411: 8394: 8390: 8380: 8378: 8356:Acemoglu, Daron 8353: 8349: 8316: 8312: 8276: 8272: 8261: 8259: 8250: 8246: 8236: 8234: 8196: 8192: 8185: 8169: 8165: 8158: 8142: 8138: 8129: 8125: 8115: 8113: 8112:on 11 July 2017 8104: 8103: 8099: 8068: 8064: 8032:10.1038/466546a 8013: 8012: 8005: 7988:Wayback Machine 7978: 7974: 7968:Wayback Machine 7958: 7954: 7944:Wayback Machine 7934: 7930: 7916: 7914: 7902: 7898: 7888: 7886: 7876: 7872: 7862: 7860: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7836: 7834: 7824: 7813: 7801: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7746: 7742: 7729: 7727: 7711: 7707: 7697: 7695: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7647: 7640: 7598:(5): e1400253. 7578: 7574: 7520: 7516: 7506: 7504: 7503:on 3 April 2003 7500: 7493: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7455: 7451: 7398: 7394: 7384: 7382: 7372: 7368: 7358: 7342:. p. 160. 7329: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7300: 7293: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7263: 7259: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7204: 7198: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7169: 7162: 7152: 7150: 7147:The Independent 7141: 7140: 7136: 7118:Wayback Machine 7104: 7100: 7055: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7029: 7025: 6966: 6962: 6948: 6946: 6933: 6929: 6919: 6917: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6831: 6818: 6750: 6746: 6736: 6734: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6695: 6694: 6690: 6680: 6678: 6670: 6669: 6662: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6622: 6618: 6610: 6606: 6569: 6565: 6556: 6552: 6542: 6540: 6539:on 27 June 2010 6531: 6530: 6526: 6518: 6487: 6481: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6460: 6456: 6440: 6436: 6426: 6424: 6412: 6408: 6398: 6396: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6351: 6349: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6329: 6327: 6320: 6316: 6306: 6304: 6295: 6294: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6259: 6255: 6240: 6236: 6226: 6224: 6212: 6205: 6195: 6193: 6181: 6177: 6165: 6161: 6145: 6138: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6082: 6080: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6062:Wayback Machine 6047: 6045: 6032:Webb, Richard. 6030: 6021: 6011: 6009: 5996: 5995: 5980: 5937: 5933: 5872: 5868: 5845:10.2307/2223628 5825: 5821: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5792: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5709: 5707: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5672: 5668: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5646: 5631: 5624: 5612: 5606: 5602: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5561: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5528: 5501: 5497: 5481: 5480: 5473: 5471: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5452: 5448: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5427: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5381: 5380: 5376: 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5276: 5269: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5245: 5241: 5226: 5222: 5214: 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5181:Duke University 5174: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5152: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5114: 5110: 5070: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4974: 4967: 4957: 4955: 4945: 4936: 4926: 4924: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4900: 4898: 4890: 4889: 4880: 4870: 4868: 4860: 4859: 4852: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4766:10.1038/528322a 4737: 4720: 4669: 4665: 4655: 4653: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4613:Ritchie, Hannah 4610: 4606: 4591:(s1): 221–242. 4572: 4568: 4561: 4543: 4536: 4513:10.2307/2118405 4487:Kremer, Michael 4484: 4480: 4473: 4455: 4448: 4441: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4348: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4263:Dikötter, Frank 4260: 4256: 4249: 4220: 4216: 4209: 4191: 4187: 4180: 4141: 4137: 4130: 4107: 4103: 4096: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4030: 4026: 4019: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3965: 3961: 3946: 3930: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3903: 3902: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3867: 3854: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3763: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3709: 3703: 3696: 3641: 3637: 3622: 3598: 3594: 3544: 3538: 3531: 3468: 3464: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3373: 3369: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3341: 3334: 3300: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3275: 3274: 3267: 3232: 3223: 3212: 3208: 3177: 3173: 3128: 3124: 3084: 3078: 3067: 3056:Ehrlich, Anne H 3052:Ehrlich, Paul R 3049: 3045: 3034:Ehrlich, Anne H 3030:Ehrlich, Paul R 3027: 3023: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2985: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2955: 2951: 2898: 2894: 2833: 2826: 2783: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2700: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2650: 2646: 2585: 2578: 2522: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2491: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2456: 2441: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2387: 2312: 2243: 2237: 2221:Rohingya people 2193:Population Bomb 2181:overconsumption 2173:white supremacy 2161: 2155: 2097: 2079: 2055: 2041: 2013:overconsumption 1949: 1939: 1920:Paul R. Ehrlich 1905: 1895: 1890: 1889: 1864:Stephen Hawking 1855: 1847: 1771:family planning 1767:educating girls 1763:family planning 1747:family planning 1739: 1729:Family planning 1727:Main articles: 1725: 1723:Family planning 1661:Family planning 1655:status of women 1618: 1612: 1604: 1588:family planning 1549: 1477: 1397: 1395:overconsumption 1389:Main articles: 1387: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1244: 1242: 1234: 1232: 1216: 1184:economic growth 1144: 1138: 1132: 1116: 1108:Main articles: 1106: 1101: 1092:William E. Rees 1084:Paul R. Ehrlich 1068: 1062: 1007: 1005:Overconsumption 997: 995:Overconsumption 992: 972:Catholic church 889:Paul R. Ehrlich 866:family planning 846:science fiction 817:Paul R. Ehrlich 814: 806:Margaret Sanger 731: 725: 716: 710: 707: 700:needs expansion 685: 611: 536: 320: 314: 308: 296:overconsumption 187: 175:overconsumption 127:overconsumption 69:fertility rates 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15604: 15594: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15553: 15552: 15529: 15528: 15523: 15522: 15520: 15519: 15518: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15495:Apocalypticism 15484: 15469: 15466: 15465: 15463: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15406: 15404: 15400: 15399: 15397: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15375: 15373: 15369: 15368: 15366: 15365: 15364: 15363: 15353: 15348: 15347: 15346: 15339:Disaster films 15336: 15331: 15330: 15329: 15324: 15314: 15312:Alien invasion 15308: 15306: 15302: 15301: 15299: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15287: 15286: 15281: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15260: 15259: 15254: 15252:Amillennialism 15249: 15239: 15237:Millenarianism 15234: 15233: 15232: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15190:Apocalypticism 15187: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15166: 15164: 15160: 15159: 15157: 15156: 15155: 15154: 15144: 15139: 15138: 15137: 15136: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15115: 15114: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15086:Dhu al-Qarnayn 15083: 15078: 15068: 15067: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15055: 15054: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15032:Great Apostasy 15029: 15028: 15027: 15026: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14970: 14965: 14964: 14963: 14958: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14932: 14931: 14921: 14911: 14906: 14905: 14904: 14899: 14889: 14879: 14877:Last Judgement 14874: 14873: 14872: 14867: 14857: 14856: 14855: 14850: 14839: 14837: 14835:Eschatological 14831: 14830: 14828: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14801: 14800: 14795: 14790: 14789: 14788: 14778: 14773: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14712: 14710: 14706: 14705: 14702: 14701: 14699: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14662: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14641: 14640: 14639: 14634: 14623: 14621: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14582: 14580: 14571: 14567: 14566: 14563: 14562: 14560: 14559: 14558: 14557: 14550:Overpopulation 14547: 14541: 14539: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14529: 14527:Water scarcity 14524: 14519: 14514: 14513: 14512: 14502: 14500:Sea level rise 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14466: 14465: 14463:on marine life 14460: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14418:Global warming 14415: 14410: 14408:Global dimming 14405: 14400: 14399: 14398: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14366:Cascade effect 14363: 14362: 14361: 14351: 14345: 14343: 14341:Climate change 14334: 14328: 14327: 14325: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14313: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14276: 14275: 14270: 14260: 14255: 14249: 14247: 14243: 14242: 14240: 14239: 14234: 14233: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14208: 14207: 14206: 14201: 14191: 14185: 14184: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14171:Doomsday Clock 14168: 14163: 14153: 14152: 14151: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14130: 14129: 14124: 14122:Cyberterrorism 14119: 14109: 14103: 14101: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14092: 14091: 14081: 14075: 14072: 14071: 14064: 14063: 14056: 14049: 14041: 14032: 14031: 14029: 14028: 14016: 14005: 14002: 14001: 13998: 13997: 13995: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13968: 13966: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13879:Zygmunt Bauman 13876: 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13845: 13843: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13780: 13778: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13744:Thomas Piketty 13741: 13739:Kevin O'Rourke 13736: 13731: 13729:Michael Hudson 13726: 13721: 13719:Robert Brenner 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13695: 13693: 13684: 13678: 13677: 13675: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13653: 13652: 13647: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13611: 13609: 13605: 13604: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13597: 13592: 13590:Westernization 13587: 13582: 13581: 13580: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13539: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13462: 13461: 13450: 13448: 13442: 13441: 13439: 13438: 13433: 13432: 13431: 13429:Tax inversions 13426: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13399:Digital divide 13396: 13395: 13394: 13384: 13383: 13382: 13375:Climate change 13371: 13369: 13360: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13336: 13335: 13330: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13289: 13288: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13242: 13240: 13236: 13235: 13233: 13232: 13227: 13217: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13200: 13199: 13192: 13185: 13177: 13168: 13167: 13165: 13164: 13157: 13150: 13143: 13131: 13118: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13111: 13105: 13104:(Rio+20, 2012) 13099: 13093: 13088: 13082: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13060: 13055: 13047: 13042: 13034: 13032: 13026: 13025: 13023: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12971: 12969: 12963: 12962: 12960: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12858: 12857: 12852: 12850:Infrastructure 12847: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12780:Eco-capitalism 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12741: 12739: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12731: 12726: 12725: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12697:Sustainability 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12668: 12666: 12665:Accountability 12662: 12661: 12659: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12577: 12575: 12571: 12570: 12568: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12531: 12529: 12523: 12522: 12520: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12503: 12501: 12495: 12494: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12460: 12458: 12452: 12451: 12449: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12412: 12410: 12406: 12405: 12403: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12381: 12379: 12373: 12372: 12370: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12358: 12357: 12352: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12323:Sustainability 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12258:Anthropization 12254: 12252: 12246: 12245: 12243: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12211: 12209: 12203: 12202: 12200: 12199: 12194: 12188: 12185: 12184: 12181:Sustainability 12177: 12176: 12169: 12162: 12154: 12145: 12144: 12141: 12140: 12135: 12129: 12128: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12060: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12028: 12027: 12017: 12011: 12009: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11983: 11977: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11940: 11938: 11934: 11933: 11931: 11930: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11868: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11857: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11771: 11769: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11712: 11710: 11704: 11703: 11701: 11700: 11695: 11693:Fertility rate 11690: 11688:Mortality rate 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11654: 11652: 11648: 11647: 11645: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11628: 11626: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11535: 11533: 11529: 11528: 11526: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11504: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11477:European Union 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11453: 11451: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11432: 11431: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11400: 11398: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11388: 11383: 11382: 11381: 11379:United Nations 11370: 11368: 11362: 11361: 11350: 11349: 11342: 11335: 11327: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11314: 11304: 11291: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11284: 11282:Sustainability 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11258: 11256: 11255:Related topics 11252: 11251: 11249: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11187: 11185: 11180: 11177: 11176: 11174: 11173: 11168: 11167: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11146: 11144:Largest cities 11141: 11135: 11133: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11125: 11120: 11114: 11112: 11108: 11107: 11105: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11093: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11051: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11025: 11024: 11023: 11013: 11005: 10999: 10997: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10964:I = P × A × T 10960: 10955: 10949: 10947: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10917: 10916: 10906: 10900: 10898: 10891: 10888: 10887: 10885: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10848: 10846: 10842: 10841: 10834: 10833: 10826: 10819: 10811: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10792: 10791: 10781: 10772: 10752: 10745:978-0988493834 10736:Karen Shragg, 10734: 10732:978-0986383205 10717: 10696: 10693: 10690: 10689: 10683: 10677: 10671: 10664: 10663: 10662: 10661: 10656: 10655: 10649:Bloomberg News 10635: 10610: 10584: 10567: 10552: 10537: 10517: 10489: 10463: 10437: 10410:(1–2): 30–54. 10387: 10376:. 13 July 2021 10361: 10343: 10323: 10292: 10262: 10242: 10227: 10207: 10201: 10166: 10159: 10149:UNFPA (1994). 10141: 10129:CATO Institute 10115: 10104:on 17 May 2020 10082: 10056: 9998: 9986: 9946: 9917: 9911:978-1608467334 9910: 9904:. p. 26. 9877: 9827: 9811: 9793: 9784: 9758: 9736: 9725:. 27 June 2007 9710: 9694:Mining the Sky 9686: 9664: 9637: 9624: 9598: 9581: 9546: 9540:978-1786091215 9539: 9518: 9499: 9475: 9462: 9438: 9402: 9373:(9): 894–898. 9352: 9303: 9254: 9205: 9153: 9124:(4): 239–240. 9104: 9055: 9050:www.ucsusa.org 9030: 8969: 8946: 8931: 8914:Abundant Earth 8900: 8891: 8881: 8840: 8799:(3): 190–199. 8779: 8773:978-0970950062 8772: 8751: 8742: 8721:(3): 589–597. 8701: 8675: 8653: 8640:www.abc.net.au 8627: 8564: 8507: 8478: 8458: 8420: 8410:978-1786091215 8409: 8388: 8375:10.3386/w23322 8347: 8310: 8270: 8253:Huxley, Aldous 8244: 8190: 8184:978-0393060706 8183: 8163: 8156: 8136: 8123: 8097: 8062: 8003: 7972: 7952: 7928: 7896: 7870: 7844: 7811: 7790: 7768: 7740: 7705: 7672: 7666:978-0820343853 7665: 7659:. p. 83. 7638: 7572: 7514: 7482: 7449: 7392: 7366: 7357:978-1137471116 7356: 7320: 7291: 7285: 7257: 7189: 7160: 7134: 7098: 7069:(6407): 1051. 7049: 7023: 6960: 6927: 6897: 6871: 6816: 6766:(7631): 7631. 6744: 6714: 6688: 6660: 6644: 6616: 6604: 6563: 6550: 6524: 6475: 6454: 6434: 6406: 6381: 6359: 6337: 6314: 6281: 6253: 6234: 6203: 6175: 6159: 6136: 6116: 6109: 6090: 6065: 6019: 5978: 5951:(3): 299–319. 5931: 5866: 5819: 5802: 5790: 5769: 5742: 5717: 5692: 5680:United Nations 5666: 5644: 5622: 5600: 5582: 5550: 5533: 5527:978-0199549269 5526: 5504:Benatar, David 5495: 5459: 5446: 5425: 5400: 5374: 5352: 5322: 5300: 5282: 5258: 5239: 5220: 5202: 5163: 5146: 5121: 5108: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5021: 4989: 4965: 4934: 4908: 4896:Deutsche Welle 4878: 4850: 4832: 4814: 4796: 4718: 4663: 4634: 4604: 4566: 4559: 4534: 4478: 4471: 4446: 4440:978-0691656298 4439: 4418: 4412:978-0226458120 4411: 4376: 4370:978-0870143021 4369: 4334:Kuznets, Simon 4325: 4292: 4286:978-1408886366 4285: 4254: 4248:978-0230238558 4247: 4214: 4208:978-0192893307 4207: 4185: 4179:978-0674076082 4178: 4148:Werth, Nicolas 4135: 4129:978-0805056686 4128: 4110:Becker, Jasper 4101: 4095:978-0521522038 4094: 4068: 4062:978-0198284635 4061: 4024: 4018:978-0891950257 4017: 4001:Butler, Eamonn 3991: 3985:978-0140157741 3984: 3959: 3944: 3921: 3887: 3852: 3806: 3750: 3694: 3635: 3620: 3592: 3529: 3462: 3395: 3367: 3332: 3294: 3265: 3221: 3206: 3187:(6): 469–475. 3171: 3122: 3065: 3043: 3021: 3004:978-0091745516 3003: 2976: 2949: 2892: 2824: 2774: 2746: 2721: 2694: 2671: 2644: 2576: 2511: 2474: 2454: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2423: 2416: 2409: 2402: 2395: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2265: 2260: 2239:Main article: 2236: 2233: 2231:in the 2010s. 2201:George Monbiot 2154: 2151: 2078: 2075: 2040: 2039:Women's rights 2037: 1976:Dominic Lawson 1938: 1935: 1914:urban planning 1894: 1891: 1886:Mining the Sky 1856: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1833:child marriage 1829:social justice 1809:Women's rights 1757:Education and 1724: 1721: 1703:William Ripple 1677:sustainability 1670: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1658: 1653:Improving the 1651: 1644: 1626:Gretchen Daily 1614:Main article: 1611: 1608: 1603: 1600: 1548: 1545: 1518:Daron Acemoglu 1514:bad governance 1476: 1473: 1463:Water scarcity 1433:food shortages 1417:David Pimentel 1386: 1383: 1360:Inger Andersen 1320:, released by 1279:greenhouse gas 1277:and increased 1259:climate change 1243: 1233: 1215: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1172:global warming 1134:Main article: 1131: 1128: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1064:Main article: 1061: 1058: 996: 993: 991: 988: 976:climate change 924:Pentti Linkola 854:United Nations 813: 810: 775:Thomas Malthus 764:Thomas Malthus 724: 723:Historical use 721: 718: 717: 697: 695: 684: 681: 650:fertility rate 607:Main article: 603: 602: 599: 593: 592: 589: 579: 578: 575: 569: 568: 565: 559: 558: 555: 549: 548: 546:by UN in 2017 542: 535: 532: 484: 483: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 443: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 421: 418: 415: 412: 409: 406: 390:David Pimentel 378:United Nations 336:fertility rate 310:Main article: 307: 304: 283:United Nations 262:maintained by 227:price controls 192:climate change 186: 183: 94:overpopulation 90:Thomas Malthus 86:overpopulation 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15603: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15540: 15537: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15510:Risk analysis 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15492: 15485: 15483: 15482: 15477: 15471: 15470: 15467: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15455:Social crisis 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15407: 15405: 15401: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15376: 15374: 15372:Organizations 15370: 15362: 15359: 15358: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15345: 15342: 15341: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15309: 15307: 15303: 15297: 15296:World to come 15294: 15292: 15289: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15276: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15244: 15243: 15242:Millennialism 15240: 15238: 15235: 15231: 15230:Messianic Age 15228: 15227: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15215:Gog and Magog 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15205:Earth Changes 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15167: 15165: 15161: 15153: 15150: 15149: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15120: 15119: 15116: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15073: 15072: 15069: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15053: 15050: 15049: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15042:New Jerusalem 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15018:War in Heaven 15016: 15014: 15013:Two witnesses 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14980: 14979: 14976: 14975: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14953: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14930: 14927: 14926: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14916: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14894: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14884: 14883: 14882:Second Coming 14880: 14878: 14875: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14862: 14861: 14858: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14845: 14844: 14841: 14840: 14838: 14836: 14832: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14787: 14784: 14783: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14768: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14713: 14711: 14707: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14646: 14645: 14642: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14629: 14628: 14625: 14624: 14622: 14618: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14583: 14581: 14579: 14575: 14572: 14568: 14556: 14553: 14552: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14542: 14540: 14538: 14534: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14511: 14508: 14507: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14455: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14397: 14394: 14393: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14381:Deforestation 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14360: 14357: 14356: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14329: 14323: 14322:World War III 14320: 14318: 14315: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14265: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14250: 14248: 14244: 14238: 14237:Transhumanism 14235: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14217: 14216: 14212: 14209: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14196: 14195: 14192: 14189: 14186: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14158: 14157: 14154: 14150: 14147: 14146: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14114: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14100:Technological 14098: 14090: 14087: 14086: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14076: 14073: 14069: 14062: 14057: 14055: 14050: 14048: 14043: 14042: 14039: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14015: 14007: 14006: 14003: 13993: 13992:Vandana Shiva 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13969: 13967: 13961: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13944:Saskia Sassen 13942: 13940: 13939:George Ritzer 13937: 13935: 13934:Antonio Negri 13932: 13930: 13929:L. H. M. Ling 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13914:Michael Hardt 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13894:Alfred Crosby 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13836: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13824:Susan Strange 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13794:Robert W. Cox 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13781: 13779: 13771: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13754:Jeffrey Sachs 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13696: 13694: 13688: 13685: 13679: 13673: 13672:World-systems 13670: 13668: 13667:World history 13665: 13663: 13662:Social change 13660: 13658: 13655: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13641: 13640:Modernization 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13612: 13610: 13606: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13579: 13576: 13575: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13460: 13457: 13456: 13455: 13452: 13451: 13449: 13443: 13437: 13434: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13421: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13393: 13390: 13389: 13388: 13385: 13381: 13378: 13377: 13376: 13373: 13372: 13370: 13364: 13361: 13357: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13325: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13303:Global health 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13287: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13243: 13241: 13237: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13209: 13205: 13204:Globalization 13198: 13193: 13191: 13186: 13184: 13179: 13178: 13175: 13163: 13162: 13158: 13156: 13155: 13151: 13149: 13148: 13144: 13142: 13141: 13132: 13130: 13129: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13109: 13106: 13103: 13100: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13086: 13085:Earth Charter 13083: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13052: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13036: 13035: 13033: 13027: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12975:Environmental 12973: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12964: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12907:Refurbishment 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12897:Organizations 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12842: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12810:Green economy 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12795:Eco-socialism 12793: 12791: 12790:Eco-investing 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12775:Disinvestment 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12730: 12727: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12699: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12663: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12596:Marine energy 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12578: 12576: 12572: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12550:Cultured meat 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12528: 12524: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12504: 12502: 12500: 12496: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12461: 12459: 12457: 12453: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12407: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12382: 12380: 12378: 12374: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12346: 12343: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12325: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12308:Simple living 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12255: 12253: 12251: 12247: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12212: 12210: 12208: 12204: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12189: 12186: 12182: 12175: 12170: 12168: 12163: 12161: 12156: 12155: 12152: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12130: 12126: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12109:Public sector 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12026: 12023: 12022: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12008: 12004: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11987: 11984: 11981: 11978: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11964:Literacy rate 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11935: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11865: 11861: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11785:Age structure 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11768: 11763: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11751:world regions 11749: 11747: 11746:South America 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11736:North America 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11709: 11705: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11649: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11621: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11536: 11534: 11530: 11524: 11523:Megalopolises 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11487:Latin America 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11448: 11442: 11441:South America 11439: 11437: 11434: 11430: 11427: 11426: 11425: 11424:North America 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11393: 11387: 11384: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11369: 11367: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11348: 11343: 11341: 11336: 11334: 11329: 11328: 11325: 11313: 11305: 11303: 11302: 11293: 11292: 11289: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11262:Bennett's law 11260: 11259: 11257: 11253: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11183:organizations 11178: 11172: 11169: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11151: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11130: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11109: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11067: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11030: 11029: 11026: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11006: 11004: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10992: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10970:Kaya identity 10968: 10965: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10938: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10915: 10912: 10911: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10889: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10832: 10827: 10825: 10820: 10818: 10813: 10812: 10809: 10803: 10796: 10789: 10785: 10782: 10779: 10778: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10760: 10756: 10753: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10739: 10735: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10720:David Foreman 10718: 10716: 10715:9780674034600 10712: 10708: 10707: 10702: 10699: 10698: 10687: 10681: 10675: 10669: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10651: 10650: 10645: 10639: 10624: 10620: 10614: 10599: 10595: 10588: 10582:(2), 181-189. 10581: 10577: 10571: 10563: 10556: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10530: 10529: 10521: 10505: 10504: 10499: 10493: 10477: 10473: 10467: 10452: 10448: 10441: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10409: 10405: 10401: 10394: 10392: 10375: 10371: 10365: 10357: 10353: 10347: 10340: 10336: 10333: 10332:Indira Gandhi 10327: 10311: 10308:. G/O Media. 10307: 10303: 10296: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10259: 10256: 10252: 10246: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10224: 10220: 10219: 10211: 10204: 10202:9781315665320 10198: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10162: 10160:0-89714-696-4 10156: 10152: 10145: 10130: 10126: 10119: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10089: 10087: 10070: 10066: 10060: 10052: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10014: 10010: 10002: 9995: 9990: 9971: 9967: 9960: 9953: 9951: 9934: 9930: 9924: 9922: 9913: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9884: 9882: 9873: 9869: 9865: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9834: 9832: 9824: 9820: 9815: 9807: 9803: 9797: 9788: 9772: 9768: 9762: 9746: 9740: 9724: 9720: 9714: 9707: 9706:0-201-47959-1 9703: 9699: 9695: 9690: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9673: 9668: 9661: 9660:0-00-224698-8 9657: 9653: 9649: 9644: 9642: 9634: 9628: 9612: 9608: 9602: 9595: 9592:; Pournelle, 9591: 9585: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9562:(4): 361–99. 9561: 9557: 9550: 9542: 9536: 9532: 9528: 9527:Hickel, Jason 9522: 9514: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9479: 9472: 9466: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9448: 9442: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9418:The Economist 9415: 9409: 9407: 9398: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9356: 9348: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9307: 9299: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9258: 9250: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9209: 9201: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9160: 9158: 9149: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9108: 9100: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9059: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9026: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8973: 8957: 8950: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8915: 8907: 8905: 8895: 8885: 8877: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8844: 8836: 8830: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8783: 8775: 8769: 8765: 8758: 8756: 8746: 8738: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8705: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8671: 8667: 8663: 8657: 8641: 8637: 8631: 8623: 8617: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8568: 8560: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8511: 8503: 8497: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8462: 8453: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8439: 8434: 8427: 8425: 8417: 8412: 8406: 8402: 8398: 8397:Hickel, Jason 8392: 8376: 8371: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8357: 8351: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8314: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8274: 8258: 8254: 8248: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8194: 8186: 8180: 8176: 8175: 8167: 8159: 8153: 8149: 8148: 8140: 8133: 8127: 8111: 8107: 8101: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8066: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8010: 8008: 8001: 8000:1-878071-45-9 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7976: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7956: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7938: 7932: 7925: 7913: 7912: 7907: 7900: 7885: 7881: 7874: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7807: 7800: 7794: 7775: 7771: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7752: 7744: 7737: 7726: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7709: 7693: 7689: 7688: 7683: 7676: 7668: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7645: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7592: 7587: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7518: 7499: 7492: 7486: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7460: 7453: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7396: 7381: 7377: 7370: 7363: 7359: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7325: 7309: 7305: 7298: 7296: 7289: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7194: 7178: 7174: 7167: 7165: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7131:0-521-52874-7 7128: 7124: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7094: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7053: 7038: 7034: 7027: 7020: 7015: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6964: 6957: 6945: 6943: 6938: 6931: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6868: 6863: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6748: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6665: 6656: 6655: 6648: 6633: 6632: 6627: 6620: 6613: 6608: 6600: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6554: 6538: 6534: 6528: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6486: 6479: 6464: 6458: 6449: 6445: 6438: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6410: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6369: 6363: 6347: 6341: 6325: 6318: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6257: 6249: 6245: 6238: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6210: 6208: 6192: 6191: 6186: 6179: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6146:Ron Nielsen, 6143: 6141: 6134: 6133:0-679-76811-4 6130: 6126: 6120: 6112: 6110:9780313274145 6106: 6102: 6101: 6094: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6056: 6043: 6039: 6038:New Scientist 6035: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5797: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5731: 5727: 5721: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5659: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5627: 5618: 5611: 5604: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5567: 5560: 5554: 5543: 5537: 5529: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5499: 5491: 5485: 5469: 5463: 5456: 5450: 5442: 5441:esrl.noaa.gov 5435: 5429: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5371:1-85109-658-2 5368: 5364: 5363: 5356: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5310: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5275: 5268: 5262: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5237: 5236:0-7658-0603-7 5233: 5230: 5224: 5213: 5206: 5187: 5183: 5182: 5173: 5167: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5118: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5095:10.1038/22672 5092: 5088: 5084: 5081:(6743): 415. 5080: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5053: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5009: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4993: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4972: 4970: 4954: 4950: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4922: 4918: 4912: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4855: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4689:: 2889–2920. 4688: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4667: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4638: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4562: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4541: 4539: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4501:Cambridge, MA 4498: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4482: 4474: 4468: 4463: 4462: 4453: 4451: 4442: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4422: 4414: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4380: 4372: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4357:Princeton, NJ 4354: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4300:Hasell, Joe; 4296: 4288: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4258: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4223:Davies, R. W. 4218: 4210: 4204: 4199: 4198: 4189: 4181: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4166:Cambridge, MA 4163: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4131: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4105: 4097: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4072: 4064: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4020: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3995: 3987: 3981: 3977: 3976:Penguin Books 3973: 3969: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3928: 3926: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3708: 3701: 3699: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3639: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3543: 3536: 3534: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3371: 3364: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3329: 3323: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3270: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3217: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3018: 3006: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2983: 2981: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2831: 2829: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2781: 2779: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2751: 2731: 2725: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2682: 2675: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2581: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2467: 2461: 2459: 2450: 2446: 2439: 2437: 2432: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2139:sterilization 2136: 2132: 2131:Narendra Modi 2127: 2125: 2124:sterilization 2120: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2074: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2053:Birth control 2050: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2009: 2008: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1900: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775:birth control 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1737:Birth control 1734: 1730: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1673: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1643: 1642:sex education 1639: 1638:contraception 1635: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1607: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1569:globalization 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1530:, the global 1529: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483:in 1958 that 1482: 1481:Aldous Huxley 1472: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1392: 1382: 1380: 1379:animal rights 1376: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330:Jared Diamond 1326: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1250: 1240: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1199: 1197: 1194:known as the 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1137: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1115: 1111: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1006: 1002: 990:Key arguments 987: 985: 980: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 960: 955: 951: 947: 946: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 906: 905: 896: 895: 890: 885: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 842: 841: 836: 832: 828: 824: 823: 818: 809: 807: 803: 799: 794: 792: 788: 784: 782: 776: 769: 768:Malthusianism 765: 761: 760: 754: 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 730: 729:Malthusianism 714: 705: 701: 698:This section 696: 693: 689: 688: 680: 678: 674: 670: 665: 657: 653: 651: 646: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 600: 598: 597:North America 595: 594: 590: 588: 584: 583:Latin America 581: 580: 576: 574: 571: 570: 566: 564: 561: 560: 556: 554: 551: 550: 547: 543: 540: 539: 528: 526: 520: 516: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 481: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 444: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 422: 419: 416: 413: 410: 407: 404: 403: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 374:Haber process 371: 367: 363: 359: 351: 344: 342: 337: 332: 324: 319: 313: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 284: 279: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 207: 205: 201: 197: 193: 182: 180: 176: 170: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 134: 132: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 101: 95: 91: 87: 82: 79: 74: 70: 66: 62: 59:and improved 58: 54: 49: 47: 43: 39: 35: 34: 28: 22: 15472: 15415:Cyberwarfare 15133:Third Temple 14988:Lake of fire 14798:Rogue planet 14766:Impact event 14756:Proton decay 14709:Astronomical 14659:Bioterrorism 14554: 14505:Supervolcano 14403:Flood basalt 14349:Anoxic event 14258:Collapsology 14246:Sociological 14117:Cyberwarfare 13987:John R. Saul 13972:Noam Chomsky 13964:Non–academic 13904:Susan George 13899:Nancy Fraser 13869:Walden Bello 13814:David Harvey 13804:Stephen Gill 13724:Jayati Ghosh 13630:Earth system 13496:Human rights 13436:Water crisis 13333:early modern 13159: 13152: 13145: 13138: 13126: 13050: 12815:Construction 12738:Applications 12456:Biodiversity 12215:Anthropocene 12084:Labour force 11912:Suicide rate 11897:Obesity rate 11854:Urbanization 11795:Divorce rate 11767:demographics 11508:World cities 11299: 11111:Publications 11070:Antinatalism 11015: 11008: 10985:World3 model 10845:Major topics 10787: 10784:J.R. McNeill 10775: 10758: 10755:Alan Weisman 10737: 10723: 10705: 10686: 10680: 10674: 10668: 10647: 10638: 10626:. Retrieved 10622: 10613: 10601:. Retrieved 10598:The Atlantic 10597: 10587: 10579: 10575: 10570: 10561: 10555: 10527: 10520: 10508:. Retrieved 10501: 10492: 10480:. Retrieved 10476:The Guardian 10475: 10466: 10454:. Retrieved 10450: 10440: 10407: 10403: 10378:. 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(2021). 6737:18 February 6543:30 November 6374:30 November 6370:. Panda.org 6352:30 November 6348:. Panda.org 6330:30 November 6326:. Bloomberg 6227:2 September 6083:11 February 5139:23 November 4507:: 681–716. 4275:, England: 4237:, England: 4235:Basingstoke 4084:, England: 3415:(6): E506. 3388:15 December 3357:15 December 3303:T. (2021). 2710:. News Corp 2660:. News Corp 2420:Ten Billion 2169:colonialism 2133:introduced 2011:suggesting 1972:Fred Pearce 1749:placard in 1453:agriculture 1377:, to be an 1375:Steven Best 1178:during the 1019:biocapacity 636:, and thus 498:glacial ice 362:Black Death 266:. Instead, 247:engineering 38:populations 15560:Categories 15420:Depression 15410:Ransomware 15225:Messianism 15195:Armageddon 15180:Apocalypse 14968:Antichrist 14956:Man of sin 14853:Three Ages 14716:Big Crunch 14578:Extinction 14570:Biological 14332:Ecological 14204:Strangelet 13924:Paul Hirst 13919:David Held 13784:Samir Amin 13774:Political 13709:Ravi Batra 13650:history of 13645:ecological 13620:Dependency 13568:Offshoring 13531:scientific 13521:linguistic 13486:Fair trade 13466:Care drain 13419:Tax havens 13414:Population 13323:History of 12922:Sanitation 12877:Livelihood 12800:Ecovillage 12785:Eco-cities 12702:Accounting 12611:Pico hydro 12591:Hydropower 12409:Technology 12207:Principles 12047:by country 11839:Irreligion 11820:Median age 11683:Birth rate 11518:Megacities 11462:Arab world 11409:Antarctica 11181:Events and 10996:population 10942:Population 10893:Population 10838:Population 10770:0316097756 10603:20 October 10547:1027121011 10510:6 December 10482:21 October 10380:21 October 10316:19 October 10098:archive.is 10013:The Lancet 9979:19 October 9367:BioScience 9317:BioScience 9268:BioScience 9219:BioScience 9170:BioScience 9118:BioScience 9069:BioScience 8584:: 100728. 8527:: 100728. 8488:1154101160 8472:. London. 8445:: 106026. 8237:19 October 8204:The Lancet 7917:20 October 7783:20 October 7475:9 December 7278:6 November 7250:26 October 6980:(32): 32. 6773:2006.12202 6583:(3): 195. 6577:BioScience 6274:8 November 6172:1907166637 6078:www.un.org 6048:21 October 6002:archive.is 5735:22 October 5575:2 December 5516:. p. 5416:census.gov 5393:3 November 5345:3 November 5014:3 November 4644:"Land Use" 4560:0691042691 4472:069109389X 4302:Roser, Max 4277:Bloomsbury 3968:Nove, Alec 3954:1162049054 3914:20 October 3799:8 November 3793:1808/30278 3775:BioScience 3715:BioScience 3557:. 109646. 3095:: 157166. 2531:The Lancet 2428:References 2208:ideology. 2206:ecofascist 2159:Ecofascism 2157:See also: 2117:Compulsory 2081:See also: 2043:See also: 2027:and under 2007:The Lancet 1941:See also: 1909:UN Habitat 1874:Carl Sagan 1811:and their 1532:capitalist 1502:John Harte 1468:The Lancet 1403:, such as 1302:Continued 1156:ecosystems 1140:See also: 1013:(WWF) and 999:See also: 796:The first 762:(1826) by 735:Tertullian 727:See also: 711:March 2021 386:agronomist 316:See also: 215:economists 15305:Fictional 15152:Saoshyant 15037:New Earth 15008:The Beast 14941:Preterism 14914:Christian 14870:Kali Yuga 14815:Micronova 14810:Hypernova 14676:Dysgenics 14517:Verneshot 14423:Hypercane 14166:Dead Hand 13949:John Urry 13841:sociology 13691:Economics 13595:World war 13318:Globality 13286:education 13015:Recycling 13010:Planetary 13000:Materials 12995:Landscape 12980:Fisheries 12947:Transport 12872:Landscape 12855:Marketing 12830:Gardening 12770:Community 12717:Reporting 12581:Footprint 12469:Biosphere 11844:Sex ratio 11429:Caribbean 11277:Migration 11154:6 billion 10764:, (2013) 10503:Vice News 10432:233663634 10424:1569-1500 10237:969537327 10033:0140-6736 9872:159217740 9864:1569-1500 9588:O'Neill, 9576:0040-1625 9426:0013-0613 9397:0006-3568 9347:0006-3568 9323:(1): 11. 9298:0006-3568 9274:(1): 10. 9249:0006-3568 9200:0006-3568 9148:0006-3568 9099:0006-3568 8941:134956670 8876:237720715 8821:259222327 8737:2673-4060 8646:24 August 8541:2352-5525 8496:cite book 8305:154695448 8092:153970029 8057:205057552 8041:1476-4687 7924:directly. 7911:ThoughtCo 7889:5 January 7730:11 August 7564:206552746 7548:0036-8075 7237:233404010 7182:24 August 7125:. p.326. 7014:222415797 6862:231589034 6599:0006-3568 6427:3 January 6221:The Times 6196:6 October 5973:154909241 5965:1740-0236 5908:1476-4687 5853:0013-0133 5758:: 59–74. 4775:1476-4687 4529:139085606 4505:MIT Press 4429:(2019) . 4387:(2012) . 4306:"Famines" 4265:(2017) . 4158:(1999) . 4112:(1998) . 4082:Cambridge 4035:(1982) . 3970:(1992) . 3843:2673-611X 3630:249562874 3587:250185617 3579:0006-3207 3506:0027-8424 3439:0027-8424 3252:0012-9976 3201:153761569 3117:250387801 2969:9 January 2819:144569008 2811:0143-6597 2621:1095-9203 2553:0140-6736 1937:Criticism 1646:Reducing 1565:pandemics 1561:epidemics 1485:democracy 1431:Although 1223:, mostly 1221:Livestock 1188:pollution 928:biosphere 860:in 1974. 634:mortality 630:fertility 587:Caribbean 541:Continent 446:Billions 256:inventors 219:shortages 147:overshoot 42:sustained 15445:Pandemic 15430:Epidemic 15425:Droughts 15279:Prewrath 15210:End time 15076:Al-Qa'im 14961:Katechon 14946:2 Esdras 14936:Idealism 14919:Futurism 14848:Maitreya 14843:Buddhist 14686:Pandemic 14134:Gray goo 14014:Category 13683:scholars 13608:Theories 13516:cultural 13511:academic 13215:Journals 13128:Category 12927:Sourcing 12862:Greening 12755:Business 12631:Security 12626:Scarcity 12007:Economic 11835:Religion 11457:Americas 11312:Category 11080:Natalism 11003:Eugenics 10374:BBC News 10335:Archived 10310:Archived 10134:5 August 10108:4 August 10051:32679112 9970:Archived 9723:BBC News 9696:(1996), 9674:(1971), 9650:(1999), 9617:9 August 9529:(2021). 9487:Archived 9450:Archived 9431:4 August 9025:25349398 8889:223–239. 8860:: 1–18. 8813:37344185 8694:(1995), 8668:(2004), 8608:34703871 8559:34703871 8399:(2021). 8342:18611090 8232:30246584 8078:: 3–18. 8049:20671687 7984:Archived 7964:Archived 7940:Archived 7692:Archived 7630:26601195 7556:24876501 7534:(6187). 7469:Archived 7444:49895246 7436:30026199 7412:(6399). 7334:(2014). 7153:3 August 7114:Archived 7108:(2004)." 7093:30213888 6808:32376879 6731:Archived 6637:8 August 6324:"Canada" 6307:3 August 6058:Archived 6042:Archived 6012:5 August 5506:(2008). 5484:cite web 5008:Archived 4927:13 March 4783:26672537 4713:31656315 4344:(1960). 4229:(2004). 4003:(1979). 3909:The Wire 3689:37722053 3680:10523489 3524:20937861 3457:25617373 3346:(2021). 3166:11747566 3109:35803428 3058:(1991), 3036:(2004), 2936:23303549 2883:28696295 2767:13 March 2639:25301627 2571:32679112 2504:4 August 2310:See also 2229:genocide 2183:and the 2145:and its 2109:coercive 2033:coercive 1751:Ethiopia 1449:land use 1273:such as 1212:on Earth 819:'s book 739:Carthage 622:forecast 494:Holocene 185:Overview 15505:Hazards 15403:General 15274:Rapture 15123:Messiah 15111:Sufyani 15101:Israfil 15071:Islamic 14909:Messiah 14887:1 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