Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market

1480: 1488: 1332:", generated concerns that less information and fewer resources would be available through search engines. In their explanatory memorandum for Article 11, the Council describes existing rights enforcement for the online use of press publications as "complex and inefficient." They also draw particular attention to the use of news articles by "news aggregators or media-monitoring services" for commercial purposes, and the problems that would face press publishers in licensing their work to such services. After the European Commission analysed the implementation of similar laws in Germany and Spain, they found that newspapers actually benefited financially from the increased exposure to their online articles. 855: 1311:, argued that the proposal's reluctance to pin down precise obligations on content hosts created "significant legal uncertainty" inconsistent with the covenant's requirement that any restrictions on freedom of expression be "provided by law". He concluded that this could lead to "pressure on content sharing providers to err on the side of caution". Kaye also criticised the lack of "prior judicial review" inherent in the system, and the similarly extrajudicial nature of its appeals process. He acknowledges that while copyright law needs to be modernised in Europe it should not be done in a way that harms freedom of expression and that the current recommendations within article 13 are not needed. 314: 405:). In terms of countries, most votes in favour came from France (62), Italy (39), Germany (38), Spain (34) and the UK (31), while the most votes against it came from Germany (49), Poland (33), UK (30), Italy (27) and the Netherlands (17). While there had been an additional vote on an amendment to have a separate vote on the inclusion of the two controversial Articles (draft Articles 11 and 13, Directive Articles 15 and 17), the amendment narrowly failed to pass, with at least 13 MEPs stating they mistakenly voted the wrong way on this vote; if these had been voted as the MEP had intended, the amendment would have passed and required the additional vote. 544: 879: 8674: 453: 867: 8650: 8686: 8662: 1242:, a union, complained about late amendments which made remuneration of journalists dependent on "contractual arrangements" and "laws on ownership". While describing the proposals as "an achievement for authors overall" and "good news for the industry and for authors in some sectors", they described the amendments as "bad for journalism and bad for Europe" and called on the EU to "decide wisely and reject any discriminatory provisions". 8638: 52: 430: 1435:, warned that the legislation "poses a threat to both your livelihood and your ability to share your voice with the world", and that under Article 13, the site may — even on content it does have a license to host — be required to clear every possible copyright associated with a video or be prevented from streaming it within the EU, and do the same at scale for every piece of video uploaded by users. The CEO of 1707:

those being Germany, Hungary, Malta and Netherlands, with those missing out being Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. The deadline for the implementation having lapsed on 7 June 2021, the

1351:" on online expression, as it would force most web services to stop users uploading copyrighted content without authorization, or else the service would risk being held liable for infringements of its guidelines. And although the article requires only "best efforts" from providers, larger companies would need to use expensive content-matching technology similar to 394:, Sweden, Croatia, Luxembourg and Portugal. With the exclusion of Portugal and Croatia, the other nine countries rejected the compromised text for Articles 11 and/or 13 stating that the measures did not do enough to do to protect their citizens' copyright protections. Romania had the opportunity to revise their text to gain a majority vote, delaying the vote. 278:, and other sections within the EC to come up with the necessary legislative steps that would be required to implement a Digital Single Market. Initial plans for the legislative steps and their potential impact were announced by the EC in May 2015. Ansip stated that by the implementation of a Digital Single Market, they could increase the European 990:

Affairs and Chief Legal Officer at Google, "Companies that act reasonably in helping rights holders identify and control the use of their content shouldn’t be held liable for anything a user uploads, any more than a telephone company should be liable for the content of conversations." In 2018 the company encouraged news publishers in its

794:'s private vote to approve its negotiating position in March 2018 the ambassadors of Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Belgium and Hungary either abstained from voting or voted against the proposal. However, MEPs of each of those countries' governing parties went on to largely or wholly support the directive in parliament. 1454:(CETA), which states that its parties must provide "limitations or exceptions" on the liability of intermediary communications service providers in regards to copyright infringement, and that they must not be "conditioned on the service provider monitoring its service, or affirmatively seeking facts indicating infringing activity." 1150:, another leading opponent, and was seen asking its partners to lobby against the reform. These estimates have been called "flawed" and that how much Google has spent on lobbying on this issue is not possible to determine. These estimates were also released by the music industry as a press release just before the JURI voted. 401:, and then presented to the full European Parliament for a vote. The vote in Parliament was held on 26 March 2019, with the Directive passing by a vote of 348 MPs to 274 against. After corrections of mistaken votes, the result was a vote of 338 MPs to 284. The main support for the directive came from the centre-right ( 1380:

as we know it," as memes, video parodies and any other content containing copyrighted videos, photos and or sound would be effectively brought down. Also, collaborative projects like Knowledge and Gitlab would have very limited options because the users would need to pay for any source or image that is copyrighted.

305:, that identified several inadequacies of the 2001 Information Society Directive, affirmed support for the EC's goal of a Digital Single Market as well as supporting an initiative with the EP for similar copyright reform. The EC subsequently began working on establishing the legal framework by the end of 2015. 1657:

stated: "The deadline for implementing the EU Copyright Directive is 7 June 2021. The United Kingdom will leave the European Union on 31 January 2020 and the Implementation Period will end on 31 December 2020. The Government has committed not to extend the Implementation Period. Therefore, the United

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to warn that "Article 13 takes an unprecedented step towards the transformation of the Internet from an open platform for sharing and innovation, into a tool for the automated surveillance and control of its users." The organisation said that "online content filtering could be the end of the internet

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cent of the revenues that artists receive". Others newspapers focus on Article 11, arguing that the reform is a battle between European media pluralism and monopolistic foreign Internet giants. A variety of mainstream newspapers have reported that some Internet platforms are lobbying against the bill

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aggregation site which would be affected) has opposed the directive since its first inception in 2016, when they argued that the proposals would "turn the internet into a place where everything uploaded to the web must be cleared by lawyers". According to Kent Walker, Senior Vice President for Global

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Smaller prior EU-wide events occurred in August 2018 and January 2019. Organisers did not release their own figures, but supporters of the proposals based on photos from the August events estimated that there had been at most 800 participants across the continent, with an average of 30 per location.

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tried to move the vote on the directive ahead to circumvent the planned protests on 23 March 2019, demonstrations were organised at short notice in ten German cities, including Berlin, between 5 and 9 March 2019. Following public protests, the European People's Party claimed that they did not try to

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attracted a significant crowd despite having only been announced two days earlier. German news media gave reports of attendance, with one report describing "several hundred participants", another "over 1000", and a third "1500" based on police reports. A second protest in Cologne on 23 February 2019

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The reaction of YouTubers has been virtually unanimous against Article 13. The sad thing is that us YouTubers have no lobby groups or unions that can fight for us and speak to politicians directly for us. Most politicians have no idea about the troubles YouTubers face with copyright, or what type of

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Prior to the Trilogue negotiations, Article 12a proposed granting sports event organisers copyright over recordings of their events. The March 2019 version only says, on the last page, that the commission in the future will assess the challenges of illegal online transmissions of sports broadcasts.

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The article directs member states to consider the size of the provider, the amount of content uploaded, and the effectiveness of the measures imposed "in light of technological developments". It also mandates an appeals process, and requires content hosts to share "information on the use of content"

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There have been worries from the educational sector that the exception proposed in article 5 is too limiting. For example, the sector proposes to broaden the scope of "educational establishments" to include cultural heritage institutions. The most debated part of the article is 5(2), under which the

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Some commentators stated years of intense lobbying served to "crowd out other voices and successfully distort the public debate", and that "toxic" discussions were harming "healthy dialogue". Those in support of the directive, however, carried out negotiations without public oversight. And when the

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A number of public protests have been held in opposition to the proposed directive, mainly concerning Article 11 and 13. European wide protests on 23 March 2019 saw tens to hundreds of thousands of people marching. One estimate put the number at 40,000 people in Munich and 15,000 in Berlin. Another

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system, which cost Google about $ 100 million to develop. Others are concerned that due to the cost of filtering, only major U.S. technology firms would have sufficient resources to develop them, and that outsourcing the task by EU companies would then have privacy and data protection implications.

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in Spain and stopped using linked snippets of German articles completely. Experts predicted that such a link tax would lead to the Internet in Europe being more dominated by large media corporations, since it would be too time-consuming and costly for small online media companies to reach their own

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ruled that existing EU law "must be interpreted as precluding a national court from issuing an injunction against a hosting service provider which requires it to install a system for filtering...with a view to preventing works from being made available to the public in breach of copyright", arguing

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treaties), to strengthen intellectual property protection, to reduce conflicts in copyright laws between member states, and to assure adequate remuneration to content producers. While some parts of the 2001 Directive were effective, other parts of the directive were not satisfactory for the current

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published an analysis of traffic received by eight Spanish websites whose news articles had been redistributed by Google News until it ceased operations in 2014 in response to a similar regulation introduced by Spanish lawmakers. Alliance data covering the period from 2014 to 2019 has demonstrated

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Being an EU directive, the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market can not immediately be applied in jurisdiction but has to be implemented into national law by the parliaments of the EU member states. As of 26 July 2021, only 4 out of 27 member states have implemented respective laws,

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said that the proposal may "destroy the capacity for free speech on the internet and social media". Batten further noted that an international agreement, and not an EU directive, was needed to protect "the legitimate rights of creators, authors and innovators", whilst not stifling "free speech and

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Draft Article 11 (Article 15 of the directive) extends the 2001 Information Society Directive to grant publishers direct copyright over "online use of their press publications by information society service providers". Under current EU law, publishers instead rely on authors assigning copyright to

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issued a letter supporting the proposal, describing it as "key for the media industry, the consumer’s future access to news, and ultimately a healthy democracy". In the letter, they cite existing state support for struggling news media and argue that it should instead be provided by the "internet

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system was intended to help assure fair management and payments for copyright holders already without government intervention. Wojcicki later wrote that any company implementing the necessary protocols to meet the directive would have a significant financial burden, and for a company the scale of

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As a whole, draft articles 14-16 (Directive Articles 18–20) in the working version of the Directive, improve the bargaining position of authors and performers, even though it set out systems that were weaker than some existing ones in member states. Draft article 15 (Directive article 19) aims to

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and took office in November 2014. In his campaign position, Juncker saw the potential to "improve" the EU's financial status by harmonising the various digital marketplaces among member nations to create job opportunities and drive a knowledge-based society. Juncker appointed Estonian politician,

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The media lawyers Christian Solmecke and Anne-Christine Herr reported in their analysis of the negotiated compromise that it inherits the duty to use an upload filter because no other technique exists to fulfil the requirements of the law. They point out alternative solutions to extract enhanced

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The directive has generally been opposed by major tech companies and a vocal number of Internet users, as well as human rights advocates, but supported by media groups and conglomerates, including newspapers and publishers. Two of the Directive's articles have drawn significant discussion. Draft

1540:, disabled some or many of the features on their websites on 21 March 2019 as a means to protest and raise awareness of the pending vote and encourage users to contact their appropriate national body to affect the vote. This was similar to action taken on 18 January 2012 by numerous websites to 1042:

called for the removal of Article 11, arguing that it would "make the last two decades of news less accessible to researchers and the public, leading to a distortion of the public's knowledge and memory of past events", and if extended to academic publishing, would "in effect ask readers to pay

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for a decade without having ever sparked an "anti-censorship campaign", and accuses "big platforms" of mounting a "fake news campaign". Axel Voss's understanding of copyright was referred to as "absolutely lacking" in 2019 by Till Kreutzer, a copyright expert, after Voss stated that people are

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Initial trilogue meetings overseen by Romania were scheduled to start on 21 January 2019, however, on 19 January 2019, Romania cancelled these meetings following the rejection of Romania's proposed compromise text by eleven countries: Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Slovenia, Italy,

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editions, "blacked-out" its pages for readers on 3–5 July 2018, while the English Knowledge added a banner asking readers in Europe to contact their representatives in the European Parliament. The Wikimedia Foundation reiterated its concerns in February 2019. Four editions of Knowledge—German,

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providers" with a new, conditional exemption to liability. These conditions are an implementation of "effective and proportionate measures", as claimed by service providers, to "prevent the availability of specific works identified by rightsholders", acting "expeditiously" to remove them, and

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Before the vote on the directive, a vote was held on whether to consider amendments, which would have allowed the possibility of separating Articles 11 and 13 into separate votes. The proposal fell short by 5 votes. It was reported after the fact that 13 MEPs had requested that their votes be

7178:"Here is written proof that @EPPGroup tried to move the vote on #copyright & #Article13 ahead to next week. Apparently they're denying it now, so either your public outcry impressed them, or they figured out that the translations won't be ready in time. #SaveYourInternet [Repost]" 627:

Draft Article 13's provisions target commercial web hosts which "store and give the public access to a large number of works or other subject-matter uploaded by its users which organise and promote for profit-making purposes". The proposal makes explicit that this does not include private

3960:"Was bisher in #Brüssel & #Berlin nur gemunkelt wurde, lässt sich offensichtlich nun so belegen, dass es veröffentlicht wird. Es gab einen Deal auf höchster Ebene zwischen Deutschland & Frankreich. #Uploadfilter gegen #Gas. Ein Grund mehr morgen mit #Nein zu stimmen! #Artikel13" 8179: 737:, is German MEP and a member of the EPP. Voss rejects critics' arguments against the directive, and in particular describes talk of censorship as "unjustified, excessive, objectively wrong and dishonest". He points out that content filtering technology has been in use on 1652:

was scheduled to expire on 31 December 2020. The UK Government has therefore declared that, since the date for EU member states to transpose the directive into national law is in 2021, the UK will not be implementing the copyright directive in full. Government minister

2331:"European Parliament resolution of 9 July 2015 on the implementation of Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (2014/2256(INI))" 527:

Article 5 introduces a mandatory exception for the use of copyrighted works as part of "digital and cross-border teaching activities". This article clarifies that educational establishments can make non-commercial use of copyrighted works for illustrative purposes.

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claiming that a bomb had been placed at the office, and it would be detonated should the EU Parliament vote to back the proposed copyright reforms. The message had originally been posted on an obscure Finnish Linux Forum, before being brought to wider attention on

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that such an injunction "could potentially undermine freedom of information, since that system might not distinguish adequately between unlawful content and lawful content, with the result that its introduction could lead to the blocking of lawful communications".

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changed, since they voted incorrectly due to alleged confusion over the order of voting. The revised results added 10 votes in favour of amendments. However, these corrections are strictly for parliamentary records only, and do not change the result of the vote.

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had a reported attendance of more than 3000. Demonstrators attributed problems of the bill to Axel Voss and the CDU party. A protest in Berlin on 2 March attracted roughly 3,500. The protests are being organised by a grassroots movement and are raising funds by

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The proposal attaches several new conditions to the right, including expiry after two years and exemptions for either copying an "insubstantial" part of a work or for copying it in the course of academic or scientific research. It is derived from the

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More than 200 academics have criticised the directive, emphasising concerns about the effectiveness of Article 11's impact on the readership of online publication and of Article 13's obligations on service providers that will "benefit big players".

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As of 21 March 2019, 100 MEPs have signed in support of the directive, while 126 have agreed to vote against it. On 20 March 2019 74 MEPs asked for Article 13 to be deleted from the directive. In the end, 348 voted for and 274 voted against.

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describes their key goals with the Directive as protecting press publications; reducing the "value gap" between the profits made by Internet platforms and by content creators; encouraging collaboration between these two groups, and creating

344:(COREPER) approved of the EC's legislative directives on 25 May 2018 and prepared to bring the matter to vote in the EP, to reach a final text, without the support of Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Belgium, or Hungary. The 1499:

petition has gathered more than 5 million signatures as of 21 March 2019 which oppose the directive, of which roughly 1.3 million are from Germany. As of February 2019, it has gathered the most signatures in European history.

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Kingdom will not be required to implement the Directive, and the Government has no plans to do so. Any future changes to the UK copyright framework will be considered as part of the usual domestic policy process." UK Culture Minister

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to employ "effective and proportionate" measures to prevent users from violating copyright. Tech companies expressed concern that this would necessitate the need for upload filters. A broad concern with the Directive is on the use of

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demonstrating that "best efforts" have been made to prevent their future availability. The article also extends any licenses granted to content hosts to their users, as long as those users are not acting "on a commercial basis".

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Articles 11 and 13 of the draft Directive, prior to Trilogue negotiations and since moved to Articles 15 and 17 in the final, passed version, have drawn a great deal of attention and opposition. Article 11, referred to as the

5840: 1047:' terms". Twenty-five research centres common on concerns that the financial benefits from the proposed directive will occur to large rightsholders rather than creators, with creators simple being used as "frontmen/women". 781:

has been an outspoken opponent of the proposal. He describes the efforts behind the law as large media companies trying to force "platforms and search engines to use their snippets and to pay for them". UKIP leader and MEP

495:

Article numbers refer to the draft version of this copyright directive up through around 20 March 2019; the approved directive reorders several of the articles, such as draft Article 13 becoming the Directive's Article 17.

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A representative from a company that makes content filters states that their wide introduction as while result from article 13 will likely hurt new music artists by limiting their ability to share what they create.

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ban"). Supporters and third parties pointed out that YouTube has used Content ID for a decade and yet remains a successful host for content of all kinds. However, the system still suffers from false positives,

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Draft Article 13b requires websites which "automatically reproduce or refer to significant amounts of copyright-protected visual works" to "conclude fair and balanced licensing agreements with any requesting

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voted on 5 July 2018 not to proceed to the negotiation stage, but instead to reopen the directive for debate in September 2018. There were 318 votes to re-open the debate, 278 to proceed, and 31 abstentions.

5167: 3776: 2357:"Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Towards a modern, more European copyright framework" 1556:

claimed that "MEPs have rarely or even never been subject to a similar degree of lobbying", and that there have been prior "lobbying campaigns predicting catastrophic outcomes, which have never come true".

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said that, despite the Government supporting many of the overall aims of the directive, the UK's "imminent departure from the EU means we are not required to implement the Copyright Directive in full."

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Lobbying in favour of the proposed directive was directed toward the EU itself and was much less visible to the public. The large media groups and publishers have had much greater contact between their

8526: 7641: 817:, also stated that the effective endorsement of upload filters violates the coalition agreement, calling this copyright directive a "compromise between the interests of different large corporations" (" 1344:

separate legal agreements to allow a link or quotes. As a result, they felt, many small media companies in Europe would eventually be forced to shut down due to a lack of online exposure and revenue.

8498: 8211: 7081: 5033: 5029: 3076: 2697: 2334: 1054:. This group has nevertheless criticised the proposal for excluding scientific publishers from the provisions of Article 11, describing the exclusion as "unwarranted and potentially discriminatory". 1051: 2301:"Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe" 329:, and thus was to be approved by both the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. While the European Parliament had to pass the Directive with a simple majority, in the council a 5871: 1579:

and MEPs than the technology industry. Stunts pulled by those lobbying in favour include sending MEPs pamphlets with condoms attached with the phrase "We love tech giants, we love protection too".

1002:, urged content creators on the platform to take action to oppose the legislation, as it "poses a threat to both livelihood and ability to share voice with the world", and stressing that their 7269:"UPDATED! How do you pass the most unpopular measure in European history? With the most undemocratic dirty trick in EU history: stop the #Article13 vote from being moved ahead of day of protest!" 3716: 2809: 2172: 157:

Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC

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Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC

5643: 2537: 7711: 5756: 3661: 7045: 5932: 8549: 6922: 6319: 6155: 5290: 7432: 4556: 3254:"Amendments adopted by the European Parliament on 12 September 2018 on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market" 7680: 7587: 6718: 6349: 6113: 3901: 6983: 5612: 3683: 2760: 6687: 5260: 4727: 1465:, believing the law could "kill the internet." He also warned that all broadcasters could face censorship from automated bots. In 2019, he summarized the position most YouTubers held: 1314:

The letter also raised concerns regarding the lack of protection for non-profit groups, although such groups had been excluded from the proposal's provisions prior to its publication.

6022: 5733: 5520: 5134: 4855: 3313: 5832: 5327: 4672: 2861:"Joint statement on the Directive of the European Parliament and Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market - Policy document - The Netherlands at International Organisations" 1727:

that publishers had a relatively small drop in traffic without Google News. Contrary to the aforementioned effect, traffic nearly doubled for one of the biggest newspapers in Spain,

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While some publishers support the proposal, European Innovative Media Publishers, a publishing industry lobbying organisation, was founded in 2015 specifically to oppose Article 11.

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on 15 April 2019. 19 member states (representing 71% of the EU population in the countries that cast a vote) voted in favour of the Directive with six opposing and three abstaining.

250:(EC) announced that they would be reviewing the 2001 Directive and having stakeholder discussions in light of several issues raised with failed copyright proposals from those in the 5157:"The Society of Authors' Response to the Intellectual Property Office's Calls for Views on the European Commission's Draft Legislation to Modernise the European Copyright Framework" 3353: 4705: 2278: 8464: 6091: 2958:"DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/... OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC" 7013: 592:

which was introduced in Germany in 2013. Press publishing, "whose purpose is to inform the general public and which are periodically or regularly updated", is distinguished from

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The trilogue negotiations were completed on 13 February 2019, the final text still retaining the controversial Articles 11 and 13. At this point, the text was reviewed by the

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Article 11 (Article 15 of the directive), known as the "link tax", gives newspapers more direct control and re-use of their work, which may impact some Internet services like

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Critical accounts of the proposal were published in the summer of 2018 by major newspapers in Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Spain, and Slovakia.

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Some newspapers in support of the directive pejoratively label some of those opposed as "the largest, richest corporate entities in the world". In an editorial, the

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reported that "Google is helping to fund a website that encourages people to spam politicians and newspapers with automated messages backing its policy goals". MEP

382:, with an expected conclusion in early 2019. Should the three groups agree to the final language, then the directive will be sent to governments of the twenty-eight 8706: 6824: 5156: 3768: 1479: 4157: 4014: 7610: 3860: 2142: 7908: 4768: 1890: 7937: 6891: 4220: 2045: 1413: 254:

position. The EC took public comments from December 2013 through March 2014, and published its first report on the state of the EU copyright law in July 2014.

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move the vote forwards despite evidence to the contrary. Additionally, the request to move the vote forwards may not have been withdrawn as of 5 March 2019.

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The Directive entered into force on 7 June 2019. Member states had until 7 June 2021 to introduce laws within their own countries to support the Directive.

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on 20 June 2018, and a revised proposal was approved by the parliament on 12 September 2018. The final version, which resulted from negotiations during

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which has been adopted and came into force on 7 June 2019. It is intended to ensure "a well-functioning marketplace for copyright". It extends existing

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publishers for access to works for which authors, institutions or research funders had already paid publishers to make freely accessible to all under '

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Article 11 was moved to Article 15 in the final draft from the trilogue negotiations issued 26 March 2019 and approved by the Parliament and Council.

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estimate indicated 30,000 people in Berlin and more than 100,000 in Germany overall. A 16 February 2019 protest organised by German YouTube stars in

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member states to be passed as laws within those countries, with each country formalising certain processes as necessary to meet their existing laws.

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opposes the proposal on the grounds that Article 13's exemption for non-commercial groups does not cover all scientific repositories, and cites the

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organisations from the areas of human and digital rights, media freedom, publishing, libraries, educational institutions, software developers, and

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As of June 2023, Google had reached copyright licensing agreements with 1,500 publications in order to come into compliance with the Directive.

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Draft Article 13 was named Article 17 in the final trilogue draft issued in February 2019 and approved by the European Parliament and Council.

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Publishing trade bodies similarly claim that a "bad-faith" "misleading campaign", is being carried out. They specifically name Knowledge and

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to lobby MEPs on the proposals, members of the initiative are eligible for grants to support digital journalism from a €150m fund. YouTube's

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reported that Germany may have caved in to support the Directive at the last minute in exchange for France's approval of the controversial

3345: 1698:. On 26 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union announced its verdict and dismissed the Polish case against the directive. 5392: 4695: 2444: 2268: 1347:

Article 13, colloquially called the "upload filter" provision, has faced widespread criticism over the possibility that it could have a "

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said the directive "may result in adopting regulations that are analogous to preventive censorship, which is forbidden not only in the

1451: 6177: 4798: 3253: 754:, said, "we have got to secure for the workers the full fruits of their industry. Google are trying to prevent that from happening". 7798: 5802: 4884: 2986: 2245: 5414: 5185: 3837: 3811: 3738: 7276: 7141: 4256: 3017:"24 organisations urge Rapporteur Axel Voss MEP to strike a more ambitious deal on TDM – European Alliance for Research Excellence" 2075: 1336: 589: 242: 7302:"Supporters Of Article 13 Briefly Tried To Move Parliament Vote Up Before Scheduled Protests; Now Deny Plan That They Clearly Had" 5574: 4320: 2656: 8615: 8114: 6118: 5226: 1384:

license fees from an online provider without restricting the rights of private users by filtering all uploads—i.e., by according

1239: 1122: 505: 7485: 5785: 4446: 3314:"Our Views on the European Commission's Draft Legislation to Modernise the European Copyright Framework and Proposed Amendments" 773:. Other opponents include a large number of smaller parties at either end of the political spectrum. Notable among these is the 8721: 8563: 6648: 5222: 4906: 4578: 1676: 966:

Danish, Czech and Slovak—were blacked-out for 24 hours on 21 March 2019 to further protest the directive. Knowledge co-founder

535:

The COREPER version has changes to reflect the arguments of the education sector, but still includes the debated article 5(2).

341: 75: 7825:"Enough MEPs Say They Mistakenly Voted For Articles 11 & 13 That The Vote Should Have Flipped; EU Parliament Says Too Bad" 7391: 4608: 3933: 3169: 2300: 2215: 1339:

law) and Spain tested a link tax: it was considered a "complete disaster" which cost them millions of euros. Google shut down

3769:"Julia Reda discusses the current Proposal for a Directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market – Kluwer Copyright Blog" 747: 707: 4728:"European Parliament votes against 'publisher's right' copyright law changes as Facebook warns of 'unintended consequences'" 4351: 4192: 3982: 1011:

is also opposed, arguing that the proposal "could have serious, unintended consequences for an open and creative internet".

8404: 1740: 262: 5685: 4526: 3291: 3131: 2600: 2109: 1065:

project as an example of commercial work in the sector. They also generally agree with the claims of other opponents. The

846:, a member of the SDP and opponent of the Directive, claimed that this had been rumoured before the report was published. 8390: 8233: 7369: 4082: 3631: 3595: 2163: 1746: 1392: 168: 6859: 543: 237:

The European Union's (EU) first attempt to unify copyrights in light of digital technologies was adopted in 2001 as the

8741: 8286: 8065:"'Upload filters' and human rights: implementing Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market" 6948: 6546:"'Upload filters' and human rights: implementing Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market" 5294: 3077:"ETUCE urges the European Parliament to vote in favour of an open, broad and flexible EU copyright education exception" 2105: 1757: 1223: 802: 711: 612: 519:

status of facts and information, the TDM exception could increase or decrease restrictions compared to the status quo.

7868: 6514: 2134: 8539: 4549:"Over 50 Human Rights & Media Freedom NGOs ask EU to Delete Censorship Filter & to Stop © Madness – Copybuzz" 3403: 1882: 351: 298: 207:

on 15 April 2019. Member states have two years to pass appropriate legislation to meet the Directive's requirements.

7850: 6881: 6448: 1161:

are also negatively affected by the current copyright regime, which they say benefits user-driven platforms such as

8459: 8441: 8365: 5490: 3132:"Strengthening the Position of Press Publishers and Authors and Performers in the Copyright Directive – Think Tank" 1751: 1487: 1428:

by means of the requirement to include personal contact information when performing a counterclaim under this law.

1417: 699: 512:(TDM) for the purposes of scientific research. The COREPER version has both a mandatory and an optional extension. 402: 2720: 1804:"Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market" 1754:

of 1998 ("updates but does not replace the 11 directives which together comprise the EU’s copyright legislation.")

8716: 8534: 8510: 3016: 1614:

general public became involved in discussing the directive online the EU commission referred to them as a "mob".

854: 809:, has voiced opposition to Article 13, claiming that it violates the coalition agreement between the SPD and the 7642:"EU Commission Refuses To Explain Why It Published Medium Article Mocking The Public's Concerns Over Article 13" 7246: 6213: 2387:

Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Copyright in the Digital Single Market

2386: 1018:, a trade association that represents Google and other large technology companies, is a principal funder of the 348:

finalised their amendments to the directive on 20 June 2018 and put them toward the parliament for negotiation.

336:

The first draft of the proposed Directive from the EC was issued on 14 September 2016, Following revisions, the

8711: 8145: 8127: 7076: 5349: 3928: 3711: 3463: 3098: 2957: 1541: 1147: 903: 830: 743: 326: 241:. The Directive's major objectives were to harmonise EU legislation with international law (as set by the 1996 7963:"Bundesrat: Beschlüsse zu Urheberrechts-Novelle und Novelle des Wohnungseigentumsgesetzes (PK1510/22.12.2021)" 5446: 4938: 8454: 8415: 8292: 8262: 4049: 481: 375: 337: 238: 204: 176: 142: 20: 6278: 5513:"Our Op-ed as published in EurActiv: Small publishers: Take 'neighbouring right' out of EU copyright reform" 1007:

YouTube, "the potential liabilities could be so large that no company could take on such a financial risk".

576:

them and must prove rights ownership for each individual work. The version of the directive voted on by the

8328: 8280: 8268: 6242: 2461: 970:

raised concerns regarding the costs and effectiveness of upload filters and possible negative effects upon

662: 4116: 3192: 1803: 1602:, both deny authorizing its publication. The European Commission has also apologized for its publication. 8751: 8746: 8731: 8250: 2097:

Andrea Renda; Felice Simonelli; Giuseppe Mazziotti; Alberto Bolognini; Giacomo Luchetta (November 2015).

1948: 1830: 806: 8601:

Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations

8189: 6044: 4149: 3220: 567:

cannot be subject to copyright or related rights, unless the reproduction is an original creative work.

81: 8628: 8242: 7882: 2356: 2164:

Directorate General Internal Market and Services Directorate D – Intellectual property D1 (July 2014).

2099:

The Implementation, Application and Effects of the EU Directive on Copyright in the Information Society

1762: 1517: 1308: 164: 34: 6625:"Rechtliche Analyse der Pro- und Contra Argumente zu Artikel 13 der geplanten EU Urheberrechtsnovelle" 6407: 5097:"David Guetta and all three major labels are among industry giants pushing for copyright reform | TIO" 3441: 2072:"Commission welcomes adoption of the Directive on copyright in the information society by the Council" 902:

signed a letter opposing the proposed legislation on 26 April 2018. Some of those opposed include the

358:

On 12 September 2018, an updated position of the parliament was approved with the final vote being 438

8420: 4483: 1287: 899: 891: 313: 8020:"'Notice and staydown' and social media: amending Article 13 of the Proposed Directive on Copyright" 6472:"'Notice and staydown' and social media: amending Article 13 of the Proposed Directive on Copyright" 6423: 3495: 1567:

stated that he believed Google to be behind the email campaign because many of the emails came from

442: 270:, as vice-president for the Digital Single Market within the EC that year, tasked with working with 8375: 8355: 8350: 8316: 6015:"Będzie cenzura internetu? Ekspertka: To może uderzyć nawet w przeglądy prasy i portale typu Wykop" 5320:"UK Music chief slams Google as "corporate vultures" as figures show Google's €31m EU lobbying bid" 4385:"We do not support the EU Copyright Directive in its current form. Here's why you shouldn't either" 3046: 1019: 758: 661:

Associations of authors had proposed a "rights reversion mechanism" which would allow cancelling a

6976:"EU copyright bill: Protests across Europe highlight rifts over reform plans | DW | 23 March 2019" 6606: 5659: 5542: 4629: 4291:"Knowledge en español cierra de forma temporal en protesta por la propuesta de copyright de la UE" 2657:"EU approves controversial Copyright Directive, including internet 'link tax' and 'upload filter'" 2560: 706:, the parliament's two largest groups. Major national parties in support include Germany's ruling 409:

Voting results in the European Parliament without corrections on 26 March 2019 by political groups

8385: 8370: 8345: 8298: 5058: 3562:"'The industry is totally united on this issue': UK Music leads copyright delegation to Brussels" 1631:

According to German media reports, an online bomb threat was posted against Axel Voss' office in

1275: 995: 991: 911: 715: 367: 196: 4880: 1916: 1136:

as orchestrators, claiming that Knowledge and other platforms engaged in "inacceptable [

8380: 8360: 6391: 2096: 1731:, especially the most valuable direct traffic as compared to less profitable referral traffic. 1688: 1173:

flooding MEPs with so many anti-copyright emails that they can no longer carry out their work.

658:

allow authors to increase their remuneration in some cases where it is disproportionately low.

616: 279: 216: 42: 8138: 7529: 5419: 5384: 2437: 8642: 8610: 8425: 8310: 8220: 7704:"That German-French Deal to "Rescue" the EU Copyright Directive? Everyone Hates It. EVERYONE" 6749: 3806: 1022:

organisation, a coalition that led the "Save Your Internet" campaign opposing the directive.

770: 597: 172: 7962: 7335: 4221:"Italian, Spanish and Polish Knowledge pages shut down ahead of controversial copyright law" 2166:"Report on the responses to the Public Consultation on the Review of the EU Copyright Rules" 8475: 7181: 6886: 6799:"Malta's biggest Youtuber's impassioned plea on why EU copyright law 'could kill Internet'" 6773:"Could Article 13's Upload Filters Be Thrown Out Because Of The EU-Canada Trade Deal CETA?" 6594: 4986: 4389: 4356: 3963: 1385: 1215: 962: 927: 774: 757:

Opposition in the European Parliament is led by populist parties including Poland's ruling

584:

and "legitimate private and non-commercial use of press publications by individual users".

532:

exception would not be available if there are "adequate licenses" available in the market.

509: 185: 181: 8152: 7423:"European Wikipedias have been turned off for the day to protest dangerous copyright laws" 6392:"Google Is Being Criticized Over Its Copyright Stance In Europe. But the Company Is Right" 4117:"What developers need to do to save the internet from the EU's looming copyright disaster" 3707:"Italy Steps Up To Defend EU Internet Users Against Copyright Filters – Who Will Be Next?" 2237: 1026:

in November 2018 referred their European users to a website called "Don't Wreck the Net".

271: 8: 8470: 7458: 7006:"Was ist Artikel 13? Warum deutsche YouTube-Stars heute in Köln auf die Barrikaden gehen" 6274: 3834: 3801: 3657: 3257: 2964: 2393: 2241: 2067: 1799: 1723: 1708: 1603: 1553: 593: 379: 371: 294: 258: 247: 200: 7268: 6915:"The Worst Possible Version of the EU Copyright Directive Has Sparked a German Uprising" 6375: 4990: 2071: 1684: 878: 624:

with the content's owner, the lack of which has been a point of contention in the past.

8274: 7517: 6711:"YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki Warns Against "Unintended Consequences" Of EU's Article 13" 6247: 5163: 3197: 2833:"Ten European lawmakers say they voted against pivotal copyright amendment by accident" 1692: 1118: 946: 915: 887: 814: 762: 330: 199:, was presented to the parliament on 13 February 2019. The measure was approved by the 137: 4050:"Directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market 'destined to become a nightmare'" 1857:"Copyright rules for the digital environment: Council agrees its position – Consilium" 1395:

within such systems, and their inability to account for copyright limitations such as

8666: 8449: 8096: 8051: 7772: 7493: 6577: 6178:"Belgische Vereniging van Auteurs, Componisten en Uitgevers CVBA (SABAM) v Netlog NV" 6052: 5778: 5725: 5693: 5004: 4769:"Copyright Directive: how competing big business lobbies drowned out critical voices" 2927: 2191: 1649: 1640:. It has since been removed while an investigation by regional police was initiated. 1219: 1102: 1098: 950: 942: 938: 871: 751: 719: 8673: 7177: 6424:"Google Once Cited EU's Copyright Reforms as a Business Risk. Now They're a Reality" 333:

was needed: at least 55% of the countries, representing over 65% of the population.

8580: 8516: 8256: 8120: 8086: 8076: 8041: 8031: 7909:"EU top court upholds Copyright Directive's "upload filter" provision with caveats" 6567: 6557: 6493: 6483: 4994: 4264: 3959: 3161: 2500: 2211: 1680: 1533: 1436: 1409: 1126: 958: 954: 907: 859: 791: 215:. Draft Article 13 (Article 17 of the directive) tasks service providers that host 8081: 8064: 8036: 8019: 6562: 6545: 6488: 6471: 5447:"JURI's out, Euro copyright votes in: Whoa, did the EU just 'break the internet'?" 2038:"Digital Single Market Copyright Directive: EU to start dialogue with stakeholder" 1142:] misleading campaigns to influence MEPs" and pointing out that Google spent 798: 652: 438: 8690: 8678: 8605: 7336:"People are taking to the streets on August 26th to #SaveYourInternet – join in!" 7110:""Dieser Bot geht wählen" – 3000 demonstrieren in Köln gegen Urheberrechtsreform" 6825:"YouTube creators are still trying to fight back against European copyright vote" 5803:"EU-Pläne für Uploadfilter könnten Todesstoß für Memes bedeuten – derStandard.at" 5664: 5547: 4634: 4521: 4182: 3529:"Results of the 12th of September vote on Copyright in the Digital Single Market" 3381: 2565: 1779: 1768: 1364: 1348: 1263: 1186: 1094: 212: 3955: 1412:, and scammers leveraging YouTube's handling of copyright claims under the U.S. 843: 8480: 8224: 7990:"Google News Shutdown in Spain Was Not as Bad as Google Would Have You Believe" 7582: 6440: 4999: 4974: 4516: 3865: 3676:"EU-Urheberrechtsreform: Das "absolute Unverständnis" des Axel Voss - Golem.de" 2894:"Poland has filed a complaint against the European Union's copyright directive" 2592: 2098: 1981: 1714:

Austria amended its copyright law to implement the Directive in December 2021.

1654: 1595: 1432: 1267: 1114: 1106: 999: 723: 160: 7361: 7072:""Ich bin kein Bot": Tausende Menschen protestieren gegen Urheberrechtsreform" 2688:"What's in the sweeping copyright bill just passed by the European Parliament" 8700: 8590: 8161: 8100: 8055: 7938:"Commission starts legal action against 23 EU countries over copyright rules" 7776: 7734:"EU takes down strange, 'offensive' blog post attacking internet campaigners" 7547:"EU takes down strange, 'offensive' blog post attacking internet campaigners" 7497: 6851: 6581: 6342:"European MEPs vote to reopen copyright debate over 'censorship' controversy" 6056: 5729: 5697: 4828:

Google licenses content from news publishers under the EU Copyright Directive

4696:"YouTube CEO calls EU's proposed copyright regulation financially impossible" 4112: 3099:"Final text of the Directive as submitted to the Parliament on 26 March 2019" 2931: 1949:"Europe's controversial overhaul of online copyright receives final approval" 1607: 1591: 1583: 1404: 835: 783: 629: 564: 556: 516: 452: 5985:"Europa, stretta sul copyright: arriva la tassa sui link (e meme a rischio)" 5282: 3346:"European Parliament votes to improve access to digitised cultural heritage" 866: 563:

Article 14 states that reproductions of works of visual art that are in the

7114: 7040: 5451: 5008: 3162:"What's at stake in the July 5 #SaveYourInternet vote: The text, explained" 2692: 2532: 2273: 1599: 1564: 1440: 1396: 1090: 1062: 674: 581: 267: 221: 6622: 6515:"The EU's disastrous Copyright Reform, explained by its lovers and haters" 6214:"European Union draft directive on copyright in the digital single market" 5575:"Médias. Défendre le pluralisme en Europe contre les géants du Net !" 3411: 2721:"EU copyright laws face uncertain fate after 11 countries reject proposal" 2497:"Copyright rules for the digital environment: Council agrees its position" 1610:

declined after a direct request to answer who authorized its publication.

1052:

International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers

476:

have released a joint statement opposing the final draft of the directive.

8219: 7611:"Youtuber: Wie sich PietSmiet, RobBubble und Co. gegen Artikel 13 wehren" 6114:"New copyright directive makes a mockery of journalists' authors' rights" 5636:"YouTube and Facebook escape billions in copyright payouts after EU vote" 4121: 2628: 2528:"YouTube and Facebook escape billions in copyright payouts after EU vote" 1659: 1376: 1372: 1340: 1259: 1255: 1110: 1070: 1050:

The proposal is generally supported by academic publishers including the

1044: 986: 971: 967: 839: 469: 8685: 7142:"Demo gegen Urheberrechtsreform - Tausende wehren sich gegen Artikel 13" 5478: 3983:"Digital rights groups speak out against EU plan to scan online content" 3802:"UKIP opposes the EU's Copyright Directive in the Single Digital Market" 8654: 7883:"Poland files complaint with EU's top court over copyright rule change" 7455:"Questions and Answers on issues about the digital copyright directive" 7392:"Astroturf instead of grass roots: When clicktivism meets hard reality" 7331: 7173: 6408:"Tech Industry and Activists Still Hope to Sink New EU Copyright Rules" 3509: 3165: 3157: 2013:"Article 13: EU Council backs copyright law that could hit YouTube, FB" 1496: 1447: 1356: 1003: 778: 730: 465: 318: 302: 8091: 8046: 6572: 6498: 5223:"Copyright: say NO to scaremongering and YES to creators getting paid" 4663:"YouTube CEO urges YouTube creators to protest European copyright law" 2987:"Copyright Reform: Help Us Ensure an Effective TDM Exception! – LIBER" 1917:"The EU has passed Article 13, but Europe's meme war is far from over" 1491:

673:

Other passages of the proposal attempt to clarify the legal status of

437:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

19:

This article is about the 2019 Directive. For the 2001 Directive, see

8158: 7427: 7238: 6829: 6279:"Online News Aggregation and Neighbouring Rights for News Publishers" 5190: 5023:"STM response to Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market" 4700: 3377:"The EU Can Still Be Saved From Its Internet-Wrecking Copyright Plan" 2837: 1953: 1587: 1576: 1559: 1529: 1421: 1368: 1271: 931: 923: 894:

were among the signatories of an open letter opposing Article 13. 145

766: 734: 633: 297:, following up on a report on the state of European Copyright from a 8649: 7799:"Button-pushing errors affected copyright reform vote, record shows" 6607:"European Parliament approves controversial new copyright directive" 5925:"EU's attempt at internet copyright reform is a ridiculous own goal" 5605:"L'Europe doit défendre les médias contre la loi des Gafa" 3193:"EU Holds Online Platforms Liable for Users' Copyright Infringement" 2438:"Proposal for a directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market" 1648:

On 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom left the European Union. The

1363:

The controversy over Article 13 has led Internet pioneers including

7913: 7869:"UK Government "has no plans" to implement the Copyright Directive" 7009: 6150: 6084:"Bruselská smernica môže uškodiť otvorenému a slobodnému internetu" 5833:"Un projet de loi européen pourrait menacer les mèmes sur Internet" 5718:"Tech Companies Win Reprieve as EU Parliament Delays Copyright Law" 5323: 5059:"Eurodoc Open Letter to European Parliament on Copyright Directive" 4799:"The EU Copyright Directive: What Redditors in Europe need to know" 4187: 3987: 2725: 2269:"EU unveils plans to set up digital single market for online firms" 1695: 1510: 1458: 1329: 1166: 1008: 8661: 6597:, letter to the President of the European Parliament, 12 June 2018 3654:"Copyright directive: statement by Axel VOSS (EPP,DE), rapporteur" 3496:"Copyright in the Digital Single Market: European Parliament Vote" 224:

through the directive, and that it could quell freedom of speech.

7193: 6595:"Article 13 of the EU Copyright Directive Threatens the Internet" 5660:"MEPs reject EU copyright reforms in victory for internet giants" 5066: 3967: 2561:"MEPs reject EU copyright reforms in victory for internet giants" 1505: 1483:

Public protests against article 11 and 13 in Lisbon in July 2018.

1425: 1352: 1303:

raised concerns that the proposal was incompatible with the 1966

1170: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1058: 882:

The banner on the English Knowledge seen from a German IP address

810: 738: 570: 457: 8465:

Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions

7036:""Wir sind die Bots" – über 1000 demonstrieren gegen Artikel 13" 6649:"Censorship Machines are 'Destroying The Internet' As We Speak?" 4083:"Everything you need to know about Europe's new meme-ending war" 1590:, stated that those who opposed the directive were a "mob". The 6742:"Twitch CEO: Article 13 'Wrong Compromise' On Copyright Reform" 6376:"EU Lawmakers Are Still Considering This Failed Copyright Idea" 4150:"How the EU copyright proposal will hurt the web and Knowledge" 1672: 1637: 1537: 1400: 1301:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

1254:

Individuals who have publicly opposed the law include comedian

1133: 1059:

European Council for Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers

1023: 982: 919: 653:

Draft Articles 14 through 16 (Directive articles 18 through 20)

473: 391: 6680:"YouTube's copyright strikes have become a tool for extortion" 6273: 4845:"Copyright Reform: Open Letter from European Research Centres" 1528:

Several European websites, including the European versions of

6312:"Google News Spain to close in response to story links 'tax'" 6182: 5350:"ENPA reacts to Knowledge hostile campaign against Copyright" 5186:"This is what at stake with the EU's latest copyright reform" 5127:"Paul McCartney, James Blunt Back New European Copyright Law" 1568: 1227:

giants" which have been "siphoning off" advertising revenue.

1153:

The publishers argue that licensed content providers such as

1146:

lobbying in Europe during 2016, is among the sponsors of the

819:

Kompromiss zwischen den Interessen verschiedener Großkonzerne

461: 8146:

The text of the European Council proposal as of 3 March 2019

6623:

Christian Solmecke und Anne-Christine Herr (19 March 2019).

5253:"Tensions heighten ahead of crunch EU copyright reform vote" 4484:"Why Four Versions of Knowledge Have Deliberately Gone Dark" 4321:"Eesti Vikipeedia pani protesti märgiks oma lehekülje kinni" 4257:"Polish Knowledge shuts down in protest at EU copyright law" 3588:"Axel Voss appointed new Rapporteur for Copyright Directive" 3284:"Music creators call for EU-wide rights reversion mechanism" 1462: 813:. Petra Sitte, vice-chair of the democratic socialist party 8139:

The text of the European Council proposal as of 25 May 2018

4667: 4183:"Italy Knowledge shuts down in protest at EU copyright law" 3433: 3079:. European Trade Union Committee for Education. 4 July 2018 1774: 1632: 1322: 698:

In 2018, support in the European Parliament was led by the

456:

Voting in the council on 15 April. Besides voting against,

284: 246:

digital market long after its implementation. In 2012, the

8596:

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property

5955:"Ombre (più che luci) della riforma europea del copyright" 5895:"EU-Ausschuss stimmt für Leistungsschutz und Uploadfilter" 636:), nor non-profit educational or scientific repositories. 606: 7484:

Media Correspondent, Matthew Moore (6 August 2018).

7146: 6243:"Tech Giants Win a Battle Over Copyright Rules in Europe" 4350:

Dimitrov, Dimitar; Davenport, Allison (7 February 2019).

1138: 642: 615:" exemption from copyright infringement from for-profit " 5385:"European Parliament balks at copyright law reform vote" 4630:"Google criticised for push against EU copyright reform" 3861:"Kevin Kühnert fordert Abstimmung auf SPD-Parteikonvent" 1883:"EU reaches provisional deal on online copyright reform" 1675:

filed an action for annulment of the directive with the

8069:

International Review of Law, Computers & Technology

8024:

International Review of Law, Computers & Technology

6550:

International Review of Law, Computers & Technology

6476:

International Review of Law, Computers & Technology

5487:

European Grouping of Societies of Authors and Composers

4907:"Open letter by 40 scholars to the European Commission" 4417:"Why Knowledge will go offline for 24 hours in Germany" 3894:"Uploadfilter und Leistungsschutzrecht: Ewiges Déjà-Vu" 2859:

Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (20 February 2019).

2030: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1083:

European Grouping of Societies of Authors and Composers

203:

on 26 March 2019 and the directive was approved by the

8432:

Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. v. Cadbury UK Limited

7578:"Streit über Artikel 13: Wer braucht schon Argumente?" 6146:"Paul McCartney joins crowded fight over online rules" 4376: 3859:

Hickmann, Christoph; Medick, Veit (22 February 2019).

1450:

pointed out that Article 13 may violate the Canada/EU

1414:

Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act

1198:

cent of all streaming audio business, but pays only 11

547:

Article 14 has inspired and helped publish works like

317:

Approval of the measure by the European Parliament in

252:

European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services

8626: 5177: 4343: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 1067:

Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition

276:

European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society

8305:

Directive on the re-use of public sector information

2135:"Battle on EU copyright law re-opened by Commission" 1935: 1305:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

8323:

Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market

7765:"MEPs accidentally vote wrong way on copyright law" 7483: 7209:"EU-Urheberrechtsreform: Der Zorn der Übergangenen" 4939:""Copyright in the Digital Single Market" briefing" 4609:"Now is the time to fix the EU copyright directive" 4141: 2792: 2790: 2066: 1828: 1798: 1701: 1073:advocacy group, opposes the proposal in principle. 821:") and "a grave threat to freedom of expression" (" 153:

Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market

6882:"4,7 Millionen Unterschriften gegen Upload-Filter" 4839: 4837: 4835: 4250: 4248: 3404:"MEPs pro Manifesto for an open and fair internet" 2952: 2950: 2948: 2415: 1711:has started legal action against these countries. 1542:protest similar laws proposed in the United States 7673:"Winners and losers of Europe's copyright reform" 4349: 4177: 4175: 4077: 4075: 2552: 2519: 849: 8698: 7486:"Google funds website that spams for its causes" 7296: 7294: 4975:"EU copyright reforms draw fire from scientists" 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4352:"Problems remain with the EU's copyright reform" 4214: 4212: 4210: 3835:"The #copyright directive was approved today..." 3739:"MEPs rally against planned EU copyright reform" 2920:"MEPs approve sweeping changes to copyright law" 2797:voting results with corrections (end of page 53) 2787: 2462:"EU Council agrees Copyright Directive position" 1016:Computer and Communications Industry Association 874:. Other blocked Wikipedias had similar messages. 704:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats 8707:Intellectual property law of the European Union 7866: 6334: 5543:"The case for reforming the rules of copyright" 4832: 4245: 3221:"Royalty Dispute Stops Music Videos in Germany" 2945: 2238:"Questions and Answers: The Juncker Commission" 823:eine ernsthafte Gefahr für die Meinungsfreiheit 8174:European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs 6973: 6967: 5749:"Tech Giants Are Stronger Than Paul McCartney" 5634:Sweney, Mark; Rankin, Jennifer (5 July 2018). 4968: 4966: 4447:"Prepare for the shutdown of Slovak Knowledge" 4172: 4072: 3858: 2526:Sweney, Mark; Rankin, Jennifer (5 July 2018). 1910: 1908: 742:allowed to upload newspaper articles in full. 578:European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs 571:Draft Article 11 (Article 15 of the directive) 399:European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs 346:European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs 193:European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs 8564:German Law on the Protection of Trade Secrets 8205: 8062: 8017: 7291: 7207:Beuth, Ein Kommentar Patrick (5 March 2019). 6942: 6940: 6543: 6469: 6371: 6369: 6367: 4469: 4207: 2624:"EU-Parlament bremst Urheberrechtsreform aus" 1105:. Other supporters in 2018 include musicians 580:contained explicit exemptions for the act of 8558:Directive on the Protection of Trade Secrets 8505:Directive on the legal protection of designs 8128:"Final text of the Directive, 26 March 2019" 7070:Blazekovic, Jessica von (17 February 2019). 6433: 5864:"Upload-Filter: Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser" 5686:"Google searches for way round EU copyright" 5633: 4044: 4042: 2753:"Copyright: MEPs back provisional agreement" 2593:"EU's controversial copyright plan rejected" 2525: 1165:(owned by the parent company of Google) and 677:and certain common activities by libraries. 632:services, non-profit encyclopedias (such as 611:Draft Article 13 of the draft replaces the " 7541: 7539: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7065: 7063: 6906: 6708: 6588: 6441:"'Disastrous' copyright bill vote approved" 5275: 4972: 4963: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4015:"Letter by 145 civil society organisations" 3924:"Altmaier opfert Start-ups im Urheberrecht" 3704: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2196:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1905: 1470:content the typical YouTuber even produces. 1089:signatures in 2018 from creators including 8212: 8198: 8185:European Parliament Committee on Petitions 7172: 7069: 6949:"Dieser Protest könnte Artikel 13 stoppen" 6937: 6844: 6417: 6401: 6385: 6364: 5771: 5354:European Newspaper Publishers' Association 5089: 4660: 4579:"European copyright: there's a better way" 4511: 4509: 3932:(in German). 25 March 2019. Archived from 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 1643: 1452:Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement 1307:. In a public letter, special rapporteur, 1214:major European press publishers including 748:member of Parliament of the United Kingdom 8090: 8080: 8045: 8035: 6822: 6816: 6709:Chmielewski, Dawn C. (12 November 2018). 6600: 6571: 6561: 6497: 6487: 6463: 6240: 6207: 6205: 5715: 5479:"About the transfer of value / value gap" 4998: 4693: 4517:"Protests over Brussels copyright reform" 4382: 4147: 4039: 3091: 3021:European Alliance for Research Excellence 2090: 941:, later followed by others including the 515:Depending on whether it acknowledges the 8727:European Union telecommunications policy 7862: 7860: 7701: 7536: 7096: 7060: 6912: 6677: 6537: 6267: 6106: 5439: 4750: 4111: 3980: 2810:"Copyright in the Digital Single Market" 2484: 1979: 1849: 1594:technically responsible for such posts, 1486: 1478: 1337:ancillary copyright for press publishers 1323:Articles 11 and 13 (15 and 17 as passed) 1249: 877: 865: 853: 828:The day before the Parliament vote, the 590:ancillary copyright for press publishers 542: 451: 312: 243:World Intellectual Property Organization 239:Information Society Directive 2001/29/EC 8616:WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty 8063:Romero-Moreno, Felipe (17 March 2020). 7848: 7822: 7796: 7639: 7420: 6678:Wodinsky, Shoshana (11 February 2019). 6544:Romero-Moreno, Felipe (17 March 2020). 6119:International Federation of Journalists 5227:Independent Music Companies Association 5183: 4506: 4383:Davenport, Allison (28 February 2019). 4218: 3276: 3218: 3115: 2830: 2654: 2266: 1946: 1240:International Federation of Journalists 1123:Independent Music Companies Association 977: 607:Draft Article 13 (Directive Article 17) 8699: 7987: 7670: 7107: 6946: 6202: 5759:from the original on 17 September 2018 5505: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5314: 5312: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5198:from the original on 11 September 2018 4899: 4873: 4129:from the original on 11 September 2018 3954: 3832: 3796: 3794: 3731: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3248: 3246: 3047:"Educators ask for a better copyright" 2891: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2718: 2700:from the original on 12 September 2018 2667:from the original on 12 September 2018 2115:from the original on 13 September 2018 2010: 1982:"EU backs controversial copyright law" 1923:from the original on 12 September 2018 1914: 1829:European Commission (28 August 2015). 1743:(lists the EU directives on copyright) 1677:Court of Justice of the European Union 1207:to support their financial interests. 722:, and Poland's main opposition party, 342:Committee of Permanent Representatives 308: 8193: 8018:Romero-Moreno, Felipe (29 May 2018). 7988:Munter, Johannes (14 November 2019). 7857: 7683:from the original on 18 February 2019 7621:from the original on 24 February 2019 7608: 7590:from the original on 28 February 2019 7575: 7557:from the original on 24 February 2019 7465:from the original on 18 February 2019 7402:from the original on 18 February 2019 7342:from the original on 18 February 2019 7206: 7122:from the original on 24 February 2019 7084:from the original on 20 February 2019 7048:from the original on 17 February 2019 7016:from the original on 20 February 2019 6925:from the original on 23 February 2019 6894:from the original on 18 February 2019 6862:from the original on 13 February 2019 6796: 6770: 6739: 6690:from the original on 20 February 2019 6512: 6470:Romero-Moreno, Felipe (29 May 2018). 6309: 6255:from the original on 15 February 2019 6190:from the original on 21 November 2018 6126:from the original on 14 February 2019 5861: 5791:from the original on 8 February 2018. 5395:from the original on 5 September 2018 5342: 4779:from the original on 16 February 2019 4708:from the original on 12 November 2018 4694:Alexander, Julie (12 November 2018). 4624: 4622: 4364:from the original on 22 February 2019 4254: 3995:from the original on 20 February 2019 3981:Locklear, Mallory (17 October 2017). 3904:from the original on 23 February 2019 3891: 3873:from the original on 22 February 2019 3840:from the original on 19 February 2019 3814:from the original on 29 November 2018 3686:from the original on 23 February 2019 3617: 3615: 3613: 3556: 3554: 3264:from the original on 11 November 2018 3190: 2997:from the original on 28 February 2018 2858: 2763:from the original on 27 February 2019 2006: 2004: 2002: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1893:from the original on 14 February 2019 1792: 1391:Critics have also noted the issue of 790:It has been rumoured that during the 263:presidency of the European Commission 7935: 7851:"Copyright MEP in bomb threat scare" 7762: 7477: 7372:from the original on 15 January 2019 7108:Kleinz, Torsten (23 February 2019). 6211: 5892: 5683: 5657: 5184:Vincent, James (11 September 2018). 4973:Schiermeier, Quirin (5 April 2018). 4809:from the original on 7 December 2018 4675:from the original on 22 October 2018 4661:D'onfo, Julianne (22 October 2018). 3719:from the original on 23 October 2018 3621: 3539:from the original on 9 December 2018 3374: 2917: 2733:from the original on 20 January 2019 2655:Vincent, James (12 September 2018). 2621: 2558: 2218:from the original on 1 November 2018 1741:Copyright Directive (disambiguation) 1446:After its passing, Pirate Party MEP 423: 191:The directive was introduced by the 8737:Copyright law of the European Union 7867:William Wortley (24 January 2020). 7797:Vinocur, Nicholas (27 March 2019). 7576:Beuth, Patrick (28 February 2019). 7504:from the original on 10 August 2018 6913:Doctorow, Cory (18 February 2019). 6506: 6310:Rushe, Dominic (11 December 2014). 5372: 5309: 5291:European Magazine Media Association 5210: 5149: 5119: 4791: 3791: 3516: 3243: 3231:from the original on 11 August 2018 2911: 2878: 2685: 2403:from the original on 22 August 2018 2248:from the original on 27 August 2018 2212:"Profile: EU's Jean-Claude Juncker" 1747:Copyright law of the European Union 1233: 13: 8287:Electronic Commerce Directive 2000 8180:Petition against Artikel 11 and 13 8011: 7744:from the original on 16 March 2019 7714:from the original on 20 March 2019 7702:Doctorow, Cory (7 February 2019). 7671:Kayali, Laura (14 February 2019). 7652:from the original on 22 March 2019 7435:from the original on 21 March 2019 6986:from the original on 23 March 2019 6823:Alexander, Julia (17 March 2019). 6513:Maack, Már Másson (19 June 2018). 6230:from the original on 15 June 2018. 5905:from the original on 16 March 2019 5039:from the original on 10 April 2018 4619: 4529:from the original on 16 March 2019 4494:from the original on 22 March 2019 4457:from the original on 21 March 2019 4427:from the original on 19 March 2019 4148:Hershenov, Eileen (29 June 2018). 3705:O'Brein, Danny (23 October 2018). 3610: 3551: 3476:from the original on 21 March 2019 3444:from the original on 20 March 2019 3219:O’Brien, Kevin J. (2 April 2009). 2686:Lee, Timothy (12 September 2018). 2585: 2106:Centre for European Policy Studies 1999: 1968: 1717: 1666: 1474: 1443:, has also criticised Article 13. 1224:European Alliance of News Agencies 480:The Directive was approved by the 352:Members of the European Parliament 16:2019 EU copyright reform directive 14: 8763: 8540:Traditional speciality guaranteed 8108: 7849:Stolton, Samuel (19 March 2019). 7312:from the original on 8 March 2019 7279:from the original on 5 March 2019 7249:from the original on 6 March 2019 7219:from the original on 8 March 2019 7154:from the original on 3 March 2019 6740:Baran, Jonathan (27 March 2019). 6721:from the original on 6 March 2019 6659:from the original on 24 July 2018 6525:from the original on 20 June 2018 6451:from the original on 25 June 2018 6322:from the original on 21 July 2018 6291:from the original on 5 March 2018 6094:from the original on 23 June 2018 6063:from the original on 23 June 2018 6045:"Editorial | A digital agreement" 6025:from the original on 23 June 2018 5995:from the original on 23 June 2018 5965:from the original on 20 June 2018 5935:from the original on 21 June 2018 5874:from the original on 21 June 2018 5843:from the original on 21 June 2018 5813:from the original on 23 June 2018 5646:from the original on 24 July 2018 5523:from the original on 14 June 2018 5173:from the original on 4 July 2018. 5107:from the original on 21 July 2018 4951:from the original on 22 June 2018 4919:from the original on 12 June 2018 4861:from the original on 29 June 2018 4738:from the original on 11 July 2018 4397:from the original on 6 March 2019 4271:from the original on 29 July 2018 4233:from the original on 29 July 2018 4195:from the original on 29 July 2018 4093:from the original on 24 June 2018 4027:from the original on 12 June 2018 3892:Sitte, Petra (15 February 2019). 3664:from the original on 5 July 2018. 3568:from the original on 24 July 2018 3434:"Pledge 2019: Against Article 13" 3356:from the original on 22 June 2018 3326:from the original on 12 June 2018 3138:from the original on 12 June 2018 3027:from the original on 12 June 2018 2540:from the original on 24 July 2018 2507:from the original on 13 June 2018 2472:from the original on 23 June 2018 2450:from the original on 9 June 2018. 2367:from the original on 23 June 2018 2337:from the original on 12 June 2018 2311:from the original on 23 June 2018 2178:from the original on 23 June 2018 2145:from the original on 23 June 2018 2044:. 15 October 2019. Archived from 1863:from the original on 13 June 2018 1810:from the original on 23 June 2018 710:and their coalition partners the 668: 299:member of the European Parliament 8684: 8672: 8660: 8648: 8636: 7981: 7955: 7929: 7901: 7875: 7842: 7816: 7790: 7756: 7726: 7695: 7664: 7633: 7602: 7569: 7447: 7421:Vincent, James (21 March 2019). 7414: 7384: 7354: 7330: 7324: 7261: 7231: 7200: 7166: 7134: 7028: 6998: 6874: 6797:Vella, Matthew (23 March 2019). 6790: 6764: 6733: 6702: 6671: 6641: 6616: 6352:from the original on 5 July 2018 6303: 6234: 6170: 6158:from the original on 5 July 2018 6138: 6081: 6075: 6037: 6007: 5977: 5947: 5917: 5886: 5855: 5825: 5795: 5736:from the original on 7 July 2018 5704:from the original on 7 July 2018 5672:from the original on 5 July 2018 5627: 5615:from the original on 7 July 2018 5597: 5585:from the original on 7 July 2018 5567: 5555:from the original on 9 July 2018 5535: 5493:from the original on 3 July 2018 5471: 5459:from the original on 1 July 2018 5427:from the original on 4 July 2017 5407: 5360:from the original on 5 July 2018 5330:from the original on 4 July 2018 5297:from the original on 5 July 2018 5263:from the original on 1 July 2018 5245: 5233:from the original on 4 July 2018 5137:from the original on 4 July 2018 5077:from the original on 2 July 2018 5051: 5015: 4931: 4887:from the original on 5 July 2018 4642:from the original on 5 July 2018 4589:from the original on 9 July 2018 4559:from the original on 9 July 2018 4331:from the original on 4 July 2018 4301:from the original on 4 July 2018 4160:from the original on 1 July 2018 4060:from the original on 1 July 2018 3779:from the original on 1 July 2018 3749:from the original on 1 July 2018 3375:Bode, Karl (12 September 2018). 3172:from the original on 5 July 2018 3156: 3057:from the original on 5 July 2018 2831:Vincent, James (27 March 2019). 2636:from the original on 6 July 2018 2603:from the original on 5 July 2018 2573:from the original on 5 July 2018 2281:from the original on 4 July 2018 2078:from the original on 5 July 2018 1947:Vincent, James (26 March 2019). 1889:(in Swedish). 13 February 2019. 1837:from the original on 5 July 2018 1752:Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1702:Implementation into national law 1691:but also in the EU treaties" on 1617: 1418:Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1190:stated that "YouTube controls 60 428: 50: 8535:Protected designation of origin 8511:Regulation on Community designs 7823:Masnick, Mike (26 March 2019). 7640:Masnick, Mike (22 March 2019). 7366:stop ACTA2 — Save Your Internet 7044:(in German). 16 February 2019. 6890:(in German). 18 February 2019. 6241:Satariano, Adam (5 July 2018). 5862:Beuth, Patrick (18 June 2018). 5415:"Transparency Register: Google" 4821: 4720: 4687: 4654: 4601: 4571: 4541: 4439: 4409: 4313: 4283: 4105: 4007: 3974: 3948: 3916: 3885: 3852: 3826: 3761: 3698: 3668: 3646: 3580: 3488: 3456: 3426: 3396: 3368: 3338: 3306: 3212: 3184: 3150: 3069: 3039: 3009: 2979: 2865:www.permanentrepresentations.nl 2852: 2824: 2802: 2775: 2745: 2719:Fingas, Jon (19 January 2019). 2712: 2679: 2648: 2615: 2454: 2379: 2349: 2323: 2293: 2260: 2230: 2204: 2157: 2127: 2060: 1980:Kleinman, Zoe (26 March 2019). 1294: 171:and is a component of the EU's 8121:Copyright reform document pool 7936:Chee, Foo Yun (26 July 2021). 7708:Electronic Frontier Foundation 7077:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 6974:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. 6919:Electronic Frontier Foundation 6858:(in French). 31 January 2019. 6771:Moody, Moody (17 April 2019). 5716:Schechner, Sam (5 July 2018). 4219:Farrell, James (4 July 2018). 3929:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 3712:Electronic Frontier Foundation 3594:. 15 June 2017. Archived from 3191:Meyer, David (26 March 2019). 2892:Liptak, Andrew (25 May 2019). 2011:Browne, Ryan (15 April 2019). 1875: 1831:"The EU copyright legislation" 1822: 1626: 1457:Maltese YouTuber and musician 1317: 1148:Electronic Frontier Foundation 904:Electronic Frontier Foundation 850:Non-governmental organisations 831:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 714:, the United Kingdom's ruling 689: 665:proven to be disadvantageous. 617:online content sharing service 549:Postcards from Italian museums 327:ordinary legislative procedure 325:The directive fell within the 1: 8722:Economy of the European Union 8293:Information Society Directive 8263:Satellite and Cable Directive 8169:Proposed negotiating position 8082:10.1080/13600869.2020.1733760 8037:10.1080/13600869.2018.1475906 6563:10.1080/13600869.2020.1733760 6489:10.1080/13600869.2018.1475906 5658:Khan, Mehreen (5 July 2018). 3833:Kayali, Laura (25 May 2018). 2559:Khan, Mehreen (5 July 2018). 2307:. COM/2015/0192. 6 May 2015. 1785: 1758:Electronic Commerce Directive 1461:was an outspoken opponent of 1179: 1076: 801:, federal chairperson of the 750:and the deputy leader of the 700:European People's Party group 538: 482:Council of the European Union 376:Council of the European Union 338:Council of the European Union 232: 205:Council of the European Union 177:Council of the European Union 143:Information Society Directive 21:Information Society Directive 8329:Customs Regulation 1383/2003 8281:Conditional Access Directive 8269:Copyright Duration Directive 8164:, translated in 24 languages 7763:Hern, Alex (27 March 2019). 6947:Berlin, Simon Hurtz (2019). 6212:Kaye, David (13 June 2018). 5257:www.theparliamentmagazine.eu 4773:Corporate Europe Observatory 3051:Open Education Working Group 2918:Hern, Alex (26 March 2019). 2622:Böhm, Markus (5 July 2018). 1416:(OCILLA)—a component of the 1403:(leading, they state, to a " 1081:A campaign organised by the 1032: 930:(the parent organisation of 787:information dissemination". 684: 663:copyright transfer agreement 522: 499: 169:European Union copyright law 7: 8251:Computer Programs Directive 7969:(in German). 3 October 2023 7150:(in German). 2 March 2019. 5779:"Letter by 9 news agencies" 5684:Duke, Simon (1 July 2018). 5581:(in French). 20 June 2018. 3630:(in German). Archived from 3624:"Europäisches Urheberrecht" 3622:Voss, Axel (18 June 2018). 2443:. 25 May 2018. p. 26. 2267:Traynor, Ian (6 May 2015). 1734: 1547: 1281: 10: 8768: 8221:Intellectual property laws 6284:. Ref. Ares(2017)6256585. 5101:theindustryobserver.com.au 5000:10.1038/d41586-018-03837-7 3408:www.manifesto4copyright.eu 1763:News Media Bargaining Code 900:Internet service providers 842:pipeline from Russia. MEP 708:Christian Democratic Union 490: 227: 70:Articles 53(1), 62 and 114 18: 8742:European Union directives 8573: 8548: 8525: 8489: 8440: 8421:European Union trade mark 8403: 8338: 8241: 8232: 4881:"Letter by 169 academics" 1288:European Court of Justice 892:Reporters Without Borders 600:publishing (Recital 33). 421:DSM copyright directive) 133: 128: 120: 112: 104: 92: 87: 74: 66: 58: 49: 40: 33: 8527:Geographical indications 8317:Copyright Term Directive 5420:EU Transparency Register 4156:. Wikimedia Foundation. 3743:theparliamentmagazine.eu 1169:. They claim reports of 1020:Copyright for Creativity 197:formal trilogue meetings 93:European Parliament vote 35:European Union directive 8299:Resale Rights Directive 4297:(in European Spanish). 4229:. Silicon Angle Media. 4185:. World News (Europe). 3898:Die Linke. im Bundestag 3628:www.axel-voss-europa.de 3134:. European Parliament. 1859:. Europa (web portal). 1681:Deputy Foreign Minister 1644:United Kingdom position 1586:, in a since withdrawn 1518:European People's Party 1276:Internet protocol suite 1125:, and German publisher 996:chief executive officer 992:Digital News Initiative 912:European Digital Rights 803:Social Democratic Party 712:Social Democratic Party 504:Article 4 introduces a 8717:European Single Market 7871:. Bird & Bird LLP. 5131:The Hollywood Reporter 1492: 1484: 1472: 883: 875: 863: 761:party, Italy's ruling 640:rightholders [ 560: 477: 370:can start between the 366:against, meaning that 322: 280:gross domestic product 217:user-generated content 145:(Directive 2001/29/EC) 8712:Copyright legislation 8611:WIPO Copyright Treaty 8426:Trade Marks Directive 8311:Enforcement Directive 5893:WELT (20 June 2018). 5032:. 14 September 2016. 4585:. 14 September 2016. 4255:pg/st (4 July 2018). 4115:(11 September 2018). 3807:UK Independence Party 3773:Kluwer Copyright Blog 3260:. 12 September 2018. 2993:. 25 September 2017. 2396:. 14 September 2016. 2244:. 10 September 2014. 2214:. BBC. 15 July 2014. 2042:International Insider 1802:(14 September 2016). 1490: 1482: 1467: 1274:, co-inventor of the 1250:Prominent individuals 1085:collected over 32,000 881: 869: 857: 771:UK Independence Party 546: 455: 368:trilogue negotiations 316: 186:text- and data-mining 173:Digital Single Market 8476:Unified Patent Court 7967:Parlament Österreich 7740:. 19 February 2019. 7615:Games & Netzwelt 7553:. 19 February 2019. 7243:Savetheinternet.info 7012:. 16 February 2019. 6852:"Le choc des titans" 6186:. 16 February 2012. 6122:. 14 February 2019. 5784:. 14 December 2017. 5519:. 27 December 2017. 4805:. 28 November 2018. 4613:Google Official Blog 4390:Wikimedia Foundation 4357:Wikimedia Foundation 4191:. BBC. 3 July 2018. 3936:on 26 September 2019 2759:. 26 February 2019. 1431:The CEO of YouTube, 1420:(DMCA)—as a form of 1386:private copying levy 1216:Agence France-Presse 985:(which operates the 978:Technology companies 928:Wikimedia Foundation 870:The banner block on 775:Pirate Party Germany 510:text and data mining 182:copyright exceptions 8471:European patent law 7994:News Media Alliance 7609:Schmihing, Carina. 7461:. 1 November 2019. 7459:European Parliament 7362:"#stopACTA2 events" 6277:contractor (2017). 6275:European Commission 6082:a.s., Petit Press. 5722:Wall Street Journal 5489:. 31 January 2018. 5483:makeinternetfair.eu 4991:2018Natur.556...14S 4912:. 30 October 2016. 4555:. 16 October 2017. 4054:Index on Censorship 3658:European Parliament 3258:European Parliament 3053:. 16 January 2018. 2965:European Parliament 2394:European Commission 2242:European Commission 2141:. 5 December 2012. 2068:European Commission 1800:European Commission 1724:News Media Alliance 1689:Polish constitution 1604:Jean-Claude Juncker 1554:European Parliament 769:coalition, and the 506:copyright exception 380:European Parliament 372:European Commission 309:Legislative process 295:European Parliament 261:was elected to the 259:Jean-Claude Juncker 248:European Commission 201:European Parliament 140:(Directive 96/9/EC) 121:Implementation date 30: 8752:Juncker Commission 8747:2019 controversies 8732:2018 controversies 8275:Database Directive 7528:has generic name ( 7368:. 24 August 2018. 6414:, 14 February 2019 6248:The New York Times 6223:. OL OTH 41/2018. 5517:mediapublishers.eu 5287:publishersright.eu 5164:Society of Authors 4615:. 7 February 2019. 2812:. Votewatch Europe 2757:europarl.europa.eu 2048:on 15 October 2019 1915:Volpicelli, Gian. 1722:In November 2019, 1693:public broadcaster 1606:, the head of the 1493: 1485: 1335:Germany (with the 1119:Society of Authors 926:chapters, and the 916:Max Planck Society 888:Human Rights Watch 884: 876: 864: 807:youth organisation 797:German politician 763:Five Star Movement 716:Conservative Party 561: 478: 331:qualified majority 323: 138:Database Directive 82:L 130, 17 May 2019 29:Directive 2019/790 28: 8624: 8623: 8399: 8398: 6051:. 24 March 2017. 4883:. 24 April 2018. 4453:. 20 March 2019. 4423:. 14 March 2019. 4261:Poland in English 4056:. 26 April 2018. 3958:(25 March 2019). 2363:. COM/2015/0626. 2361:eur-lex.europa.eu 2305:eur-lex.europa.eu 2240:(Press release). 1650:transition period 1266:, creator of the 1220:Press Association 1144:€4.5 million 1099:Jean-Michel Jarre 939:Italian Knowledge 872:Italian Knowledge 777:, whose sole MEP 450: 449: 362:in favour and 226 272:Günther Oettinger 149: 148: 129:Other legislation 8759: 8689: 8688: 8677: 8676: 8665: 8664: 8653: 8652: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8632: 8586:Lisbon Agreement 8581:Berne Convention 8517:Community design 8257:Rental Directive 8239: 8238: 8214: 8207: 8200: 8191: 8190: 8182: 8171: 8156: 8148: 8141: 8134: 8132: 8123: 8104: 8094: 8084: 8059: 8049: 8039: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7985: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7959: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7864: 7855: 7854: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7820: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7606: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7543: 7534: 7533: 7527: 7523: 7521: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7418: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7308:. 5 March 2019. 7298: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7275:. 4 March 2019. 7265: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7191: 7189: 7176:(5 March 2019). 7170: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7105: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7067: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6944: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6878: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6820: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6748:. Archived from 6737: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6655:. 24 June 2018. 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6629: 6620: 6614: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6575: 6565: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6510: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6491: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6447:. 20 June 2018. 6437: 6431: 6421: 6415: 6405: 6399: 6389: 6383: 6373: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6290: 6283: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6218: 6209: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5783: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5690:The Sunday Times 5681: 5679: 5677: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5455:. 20 June 2018. 5443: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5381: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5316: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5219: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5161: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5076: 5063: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5038: 5027: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5002: 4970: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4950: 4944:. SPARC Europe. 4943: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4918: 4911: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4860: 4854:. 29 June 2018. 4849: 4841: 4830: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4765: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4638:. 26 June 2018. 4626: 4617: 4616: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4525:. 15 June 2018. 4513: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4480: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4451:spectator.sme.sk 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4265:Telewizja Polska 4252: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4216: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4179: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4089:. 22 June 2018. 4079: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4046: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4026: 4019: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3798: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3775:. 18 June 2018. 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3619: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3558: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3525: 3514: 3513: 3507: 3505: 3500: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3475: 3468: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3414:on 21 March 2019 3410:. 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8683: 8671: 8659: 8647: 8637: 8635: 8627: 8625: 8620: 8606:TRIPS Agreement 8569: 8544: 8521: 8499:Hague Agreement 8485: 8455:The Netherlands 8436: 8395: 8334: 8228: 8218: 8178: 8167: 8151: 8144: 8137: 8130: 8126: 8119: 8111: 8014: 8012:Further reading 8009: 8008: 7998: 7996: 7986: 7982: 7972: 7970: 7961: 7960: 7956: 7946: 7944: 7934: 7930: 7920: 7918: 7917:. 26 April 2022 7907: 7906: 7902: 7892: 7890: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7865: 7858: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7821: 7817: 7807: 7805: 7795: 7791: 7781: 7779: 7761: 7757: 7747: 7745: 7738:The Independent 7732: 7731: 7727: 7717: 7715: 7700: 7696: 7686: 7684: 7669: 7665: 7655: 7653: 7638: 7634: 7624: 7622: 7607: 7603: 7593: 7591: 7574: 7570: 7560: 7558: 7551:The Independent 7545: 7544: 7537: 7525: 7524: 7515: 7514: 7507: 7505: 7482: 7478: 7468: 7466: 7453: 7452: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7419: 7415: 7405: 7403: 7390: 7389: 7385: 7375: 7373: 7360: 7359: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7300: 7299: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7252: 7250: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7222: 7220: 7205: 7201: 7187: 7185: 7171: 7167: 7157: 7155: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7125: 7123: 7106: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7068: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7019: 7017: 7004: 7003: 6999: 6989: 6987: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6953:sueddeutsche.de 6945: 6938: 6928: 6926: 6911: 6907: 6897: 6895: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6865: 6863: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6821: 6817: 6807: 6805: 6795: 6791: 6781: 6779: 6769: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6752:on 1 April 2019 6738: 6734: 6724: 6722: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6621: 6617: 6613:, 26 March 2019 6605: 6601: 6593: 6589: 6542: 6538: 6528: 6526: 6511: 6507: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6430:, 26 March 2019 6422: 6418: 6406: 6402: 6390: 6386: 6382:, 24 March 2016 6374: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6281: 6272: 6268: 6258: 6256: 6239: 6235: 6227: 6216: 6210: 6203: 6193: 6191: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6161: 6159: 6154:. 4 July 2018. 6144: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6097: 6095: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6028: 6026: 6013: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5968: 5966: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5938: 5936: 5929:The Irish Times 5923: 5922: 5918: 5908: 5906: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5839:. 8 June 2018. 5831: 5830: 5826: 5816: 5814: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5762: 5760: 5747: 5746: 5739: 5737: 5714: 5707: 5705: 5682: 5675: 5673: 5665:Financial Times 5656: 5649: 5647: 5632: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5551:. 6 July 2018. 5548:Financial Times 5541: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5496: 5494: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5430: 5428: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5391:. 5 July 2018. 5383: 5382: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5356:. 3 July 2018. 5348: 5347: 5343: 5333: 5331: 5326:. 3 July 2018. 5318: 5317: 5310: 5300: 5298: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5221: 5220: 5211: 5201: 5199: 5182: 5178: 5170: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5133:. 4 July 2018. 5125: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5070:. 2 July 2018. 5061: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5025: 5021: 5020: 5016: 4985:(7699): 14–15. 4971: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4833: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4767: 4766: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4734:. 5 July 2018. 4726: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4659: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4635:Financial Times 4628: 4627: 4620: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4577: 4576: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4515: 4514: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4482: 4481: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4421:Washington Post 4415: 4414: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4327:(in Estonian). 4319: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4253: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4217: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4181: 4180: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4081: 4080: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4048: 4047: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3979: 3975: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3890: 3886: 3876: 3874: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3810:. 3 July 2018. 3800: 3799: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3660:. 2 July 2018. 3652: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3635: 3620: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3560: 3559: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3527: 3526: 3517: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3464:"Amendment 269" 3462: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3319:. August 2017. 3316: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3294:on 12 June 2018 3282: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3252: 3251: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3201: 3189: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3023:. 8 June 2018. 3015: 3014: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2967:. 26 March 2019 2960: 2956: 2955: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2890: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2795: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2684: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2599:. 5 July 2018. 2591: 2590: 2586: 2576: 2574: 2566:Financial Times 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2503:. 25 May 2018. 2495: 2494: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2468:. 29 May 2018. 2460: 2459: 2455: 2447: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2355: 2354: 2350: 2340: 2338: 2333:. 9 July 2015. 2329: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2221: 2219: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2189: 2188: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2101: 2095: 2091: 2081: 2079: 2070:(4 July 2018). 2065: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2021: 2019: 2009: 2000: 1990: 1988: 1978: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1945: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1913: 1906: 1896: 1894: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1866: 1864: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1840: 1838: 1827: 1823: 1813: 1811: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1780:Streaming media 1769:Online News Act 1737: 1720: 1718:Impact on media 1704: 1669: 1667:Legal challenge 1646: 1629: 1620: 1550: 1477: 1475:Public protests 1393:false positives 1365:Tim Berners-Lee 1349:chilling effect 1325: 1320: 1297: 1284: 1264:Tim Berners-Lee 1252: 1236: 1211: 1210:A group of nine 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187:Financial Times 1182: 1143: 1101:, and the band 1095:Ennio Morricone 1086: 1079: 1035: 980: 895: 862:- 21 March 2019 852: 759:Law and Justice 718:and opposition 692: 687: 671: 655: 609: 573: 541: 525: 502: 493: 446: 433: 429: 418: 414: 383: 363: 359: 321:, 26 March 2019 311: 288: 283: 235: 230: 155:, formally the 141: 100: 97: 51: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8765: 8755: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8694: 8693: 8681: 8669: 8657: 8645: 8643:European Union 8622: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8561: 8554: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8537: 8531: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8502: 8495: 8493: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8483: 8481:Unitary patent 8478: 8473: 8468: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8446: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8423: 8418: 8416:United Kingdom 8413: 8409: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8393: 8391:United Kingdom 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8342: 8340: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8326: 8320: 8314: 8308: 8302: 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