38:
123:
20:
1774:
48:
is an archaic term applied during the 1800s to widespread surficial deposits of sediments that could not be explained by the historic action of rivers and seas. Diluvium was initially argued to have been deposited by the action of extraordinary floods of vast extent, specifically the
88:
to be one of these geological processes no longer in existence. "Diluvium" eventually became widely used in Europe, and was retained even into the 20th century for glacial deposits, long after the
Noachian Flood explanation was quietly abandoned. Buckland defined
184:, to designate products of weathered and altered rocks carried by slopewash and deposited on slopes and plains. Currently, "deluvium" is used in Eastern and Central European countries like Lithuania and Poland to describe slopewash deposits.
371:
Wells, D.A., Cross, C.R., Nichols, W.R., Trowbridge, J., Kneeland, S. and Bliss, G., 1860. "The Annual of
Scientific Discovery, Or, Year-book of Facts in Science and Art." Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln, New York. 430
158:. The largest of these lakes, Chuya and Kuray, had volumes of water in the hundreds of cubic kilometers, and their discharge in peak hydrograph flow rate exceeded the maximum rates of the well-known Pleistocene
95:
as surficial sediments laid down by processes currently active and observable, such as those associated with existing streams and coastal environments. In
Germany, diluvium was also known as the
285:
Reliquiae
Diluvianae, or Observations on the Organic Remains Contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvial Gravel, and on Other Geological Phenomena, Attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge.
381:
von Cotta, B., Noel, R.R., 1865. "Geology and
History: A Popular Exposition of all that Is Known of the Earth and its Inhabitants in Pre-Historic Times." Trübner & Co., London.
1114:
1560:
1554:
1488:
1464:
1452:
172:, a slightly different spelling of diluvium, was sometimes used to designate diluvial sediments (diluvium). However, in 1888,
1107:
327:
Glacier-dammed lakes and geological work of glacial superfloods in the Late
Pleistocene, Southern Siberia, Altai Mountains
1494:
476:
37:
1734:
269:
246:
122:
1724:
1427:
1100:
1081:
359:
27:
1421:
731:
1155:
427:
Colluvium: Definition, differentiation, and possible suitability for reconstructing
Holocene climate data.
1518:
711:
143:
344:
Sedimentary effects of cataclysmic late
Pleistocene glacial outburst flooding, Altay Mountains, Siberia.
1664:
1391:
650:
1729:
1385:
1160:
19:
1684:
1476:
1415:
686:
1433:
736:
173:
16:
Deposits created as a result of catastrophic outbursts of
Pleistocene giant glacier-dammed lakes
1808:
1803:
1566:
1470:
1409:
1397:
1195:
996:
645:
469:
443:
Properties of deluvial soils in Poland and
Lithuania and propositions for their classification.
84:, laid down by geological processes that could no longer be observed. Buckland considered the
1709:
1644:
1542:
1320:
1274:
1135:
1019:
726:
211:
1798:
1719:
1674:
1512:
1190:
1145:
1140:
762:
8:
1813:
1669:
1458:
1369:
956:
783:
701:
1749:
1744:
1679:
788:
585:
411:
The colluvium and alluvium problem: Historical review and current state of definitions.
1233:
883:
1777:
1754:
1649:
1335:
1223:
1071:
1034:
858:
575:
462:
265:
242:
196: – Loose soil or sediment that is eroded and redeposited in a non-marine setting
116:
262:
Elsevier's dictionary of geography: in English, Russian, French, Spanish and German.
68:
and in G. A. Mantel’s monograph about the geology and paleontology of the county of
1284:
1076:
976:
873:
803:
665:
544:
57:
1623:
1592:
1524:
1506:
1264:
1243:
1165:
1150:
971:
946:
828:
741:
630:
392:
Geneticheskie tipy materikovykh obrazovanii lednikovoi i pozdnelednikovoi epokhi.
155:
127:
138:
In the late 20th century Russian geologist Alexei Rudoy proposed that the term "
1759:
1628:
1587:
913:
863:
848:
721:
706:
635:
620:
554:
539:
85:
50:
31:
1792:
1739:
1704:
1536:
1530:
1500:
1482:
1403:
1345:
1294:
1279:
1238:
1044:
986:
966:
961:
908:
903:
888:
833:
716:
691:
570:
163:
159:
778:
202: – Loose, unconsolidated sediments deposited at the base of a hillslope
1689:
1654:
1175:
1170:
924:
853:
610:
605:
549:
81:
1092:
72:. Buckland divided the surficial deposits overlying regional bedrock into
1714:
1699:
1694:
1548:
1340:
1228:
1185:
1039:
918:
898:
893:
878:
838:
696:
580:
298:
The fossils of the South Downs, or illustrations of the geology of Sussex
151:
147:
131:
24:
241:(5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp.
1618:
1597:
1330:
1289:
1180:
1066:
1049:
1029:
981:
615:
529:
655:
595:
524:
519:
514:
199:
1602:
1004:
757:
681:
590:
217:
193:
142:" be redefined to solely designate deposits created as a result of
91:
818:
1659:
1269:
1259:
951:
941:
868:
640:
625:
534:
509:
485:
237:
Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, eds. (2005)
205:
823:
504:
499:
69:
1315:
1218:
1014:
843:
660:
1325:
1024:
793:
600:
454:
41:
Giant current ripples in the Kuray Basin, Altai, Russia
256:
254:
405:
403:
441:Baužienė, I., Świtoniak, M., Charzyński, P., 2008.
435:
375:
264:New York, Elsevier Scientific Publishing. 1072 pp.
251:
231:
419:
362:Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado. 12 pp.
400:
384:
214: – Depositional forms in channeled scablands
1790:
220: – Material displaced across a soil profile
365:
279:
277:
80:. Diluvium was defined as sediments, including
1561:Withrow Moraine and Jameson Lake Drumlin Field
1108:
470:
300:. London, England, L. Relfe. 327 pp. (p. 274)
287:1st ed. John Murray, London, England. 303 pp.
308:
306:
274:
1555:Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area
1122:
1115:
1101:
477:
463:
314:Glacial geology and the Pleistocene epoch.
290:
336:
319:
303:
121:
36:
18:
352:
150:giant glacier-dammed lakes such as the
1791:
1489:Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail
1453:Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area
409:Miller, B.A. and Juilleret, J., 2020.
316:New York, John Wiley and Sons. 589 pp.
260:Kotlyakov, V. and Komarova, A., 2006.
208: – End product of rock weathering
1096:
458:
107:. Both were grouped together in the
1495:Ice Age National Scientific Reserve
342:Rudoy, A.N. and Baker, V.R., 1993.
134:, Little Yaloman Village, July 2011
13:
425:Leopold, M. and Völkel, J., 2007.
395:Izvestiia Geologicheskogo komiteta
14:
1825:
1483:Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area
126:Diluvial terraces in the central
1773:
1772:
1428:Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine
1082:Template:Periglacial environment
1491:, Idaho, Oregon and Washington
103:and alluvium was known as the
1:
1735:Huelmo–Mascardi Cold Reversal
224:
115:, which is equivalent to the
1156:Glacial history of Minnesota
484:
7:
1519:Kettle Moraine State Forest
1422:Lion's Head Provincial Park
187:
10:
1830:
1665:Penultimate Glacial Period
1392:Big Rock (glacial erratic)
1768:
1730:Late Glacial Interstadial
1637:
1611:
1580:
1509:, Minnesota and Wisconsin
1443:
1386:Arrowhead Provincial Park
1378:
1362:
1303:
1252:
1211:
1204:
1161:List of prehistoric lakes
1128:
1062:
995:
934:
811:
802:
771:
750:
674:
563:
492:
1685:Holocene glacial retreat
1477:Glacial Lakes State Park
1416:Foothills Erratics Train
430:Quaternary International
331:Quaternary International
1725:Bølling–Allerød warming
1465:Devil's Lake State Park
1434:Ovayok Territorial Park
1123:Continental glaciations
1567:Yosemite National Park
1471:Glacial Lake Wisconsin
1410:Eskers Provincial Park
1398:Cypress Hills (Canada)
1196:Timeline of glaciation
144:catastrophic outbursts
135:
42:
34:
1710:Quaternary glaciation
1645:Quaternary glaciation
1543:Mill Bluff State Park
1507:Interstate State Park
1321:Giant current ripples
1136:Cordilleran ice sheet
1020:Giant current ripples
414:Earth-Science Reviews
212:Giant current ripples
125:
113:Quartäre Eiszeitalter
40:
23:Diluvial terraces on
22:
1720:Wisconsin glaciation
1675:Last Glacial Maximum
1191:Post-glacial rebound
1146:Last Glacial Maximum
1141:Laurentide ice sheet
390:Pavlov, A.P., 1888.
349:, 85(1-4), pp.53-62.
333:, 87(1), pp.119-140.
296:Mantell, G.A.,1822.
283:Buckland, W., 1823.
66:Reliquiae Diluvianae
1705:Pre-Illinoian Stage
1670:Last Glacial Period
1459:Coteau des Prairies
1370:Greenland ice sheet
957:Moraine-dammed lake
784:Subglacial eruption
445:Žemės Ūkio Mokslai.
358:Lee, Keenan, 2004.
347:Sedimentary Geology
325:Rudoy, A.N., 2002.
312:Flint, R F., 1947.
239:Glossary of Geology
60:published the term
1750:4.2 kiloyear event
1745:8.2 kiloyear event
1680:Mousterian Pluvial
1412:, British Columbia
789:Subglacial volcano
772:Volcanic relations
432:, 162, pp.133-140.
397:, 7(7), pp. 78-96.
136:
56:In 1822 and 1823,
43:
35:
1786:
1785:
1755:Piora Oscillation
1715:Sangamonian Stage
1576:
1575:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1090:
1089:
1058:
1057:
576:Accumulation zone
447:15(3), pp. 29–35.
416:, 209, no. 103316
117:Quaternary Period
64:in his monograph
1821:
1776:
1775:
1376:
1375:
1301:
1300:
1285:Terminal moraine
1209:
1208:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1094:
1093:
977:Terminal moraine
809:
808:
545:Piedmont glacier
479:
472:
465:
456:
455:
449:
439:
433:
423:
417:
407:
398:
388:
382:
379:
373:
369:
363:
360:The Altai Flood.
356:
350:
340:
334:
323:
317:
310:
301:
294:
288:
281:
272:
258:
249:
235:
176:coined the term
58:William Buckland
1829:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1764:
1650:Illinoian Stage
1633:
1624:Lambert Glacier
1607:
1593:Killary Harbour
1572:
1525:Lake Bonneville
1445:
1439:
1374:
1350:
1299:
1248:
1244:U-shaped valley
1234:Roche moutonnée
1200:
1166:Proglacial lake
1151:Canadian Shield
1124:
1121:
1091:
1086:
1054:
991:
972:Sevetti moraine
930:
884:Roche moutonnée
829:Cirque stairway
798:
767:
746:
670:
631:Lateral moraine
559:
488:
483:
453:
452:
440:
436:
424:
420:
408:
401:
389:
385:
380:
376:
370:
366:
357:
353:
341:
337:
324:
320:
311:
304:
295:
291:
282:
275:
259:
252:
236:
232:
227:
190:
156:Altai Mountains
128:Altai Mountains
105:Postglazialzeit
17:
12:
11:
5:
1827:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1760:Little Ice Age
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1629:Ross Ice Shelf
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:Hardangerfjord
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1513:Kelleys Island
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1461:, South Dakota
1456:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1400:, Saskatchewan
1395:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1224:Glacial striae
1221:
1215:
1213:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1001:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
938:
936:
932:
931:
929:
928:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
864:Hanging valley
861:
859:Glacial striae
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
815:
813:
806:
800:
799:
797:
796:
791:
786:
781:
775:
773:
769:
768:
766:
765:
760:
754:
752:
748:
747:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
722:Periglaciation
719:
714:
712:Outburst flood
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
678:
676:
672:
671:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
636:Medial moraine
633:
628:
623:
621:Glacier tongue
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
567:
565:
561:
560:
558:
557:
555:Valley glacier
552:
547:
542:
540:Outlet glacier
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
496:
494:
490:
489:
482:
481:
474:
467:
459:
451:
450:
434:
418:
399:
383:
374:
364:
351:
335:
318:
302:
289:
273:
250:
229:
228:
226:
223:
222:
221:
215:
209:
203:
197:
189:
186:
86:Noachian Flood
51:Noachian Flood
32:Altai Republic
28:Altai Scabland
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1826:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Geomorphology
1807:
1805:
1804:Sedimentology
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Younger Dryas
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:Lake Missoula
1535:
1532:
1531:Lake Lahontan
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:Ice Age Trail
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:Eramosa River
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:North America
1361:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1295:Veiki moraine
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Rogen moraine
1278:
1276:
1275:Pulju moraine
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:Erratic block
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:Tunnel valley
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
997:Glaciofluvial
994:
988:
987:Veiki moraine
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
967:Rogen moraine
965:
963:
962:Pulju moraine
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
947:Erratic block
945:
943:
940:
939:
937:
933:
927:
926:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:Tunnel valley
907:
905:
904:Trough valley
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
834:Crag and tail
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
814:
810:
807:
805:
801:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
774:
770:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
753:
749:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
717:Overdeepening
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
692:Basal sliding
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
673:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
571:Ablation zone
569:
568:
566:
562:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
495:
491:
487:
480:
475:
473:
468:
466:
461:
460:
457:
448:
444:
438:
431:
428:
422:
415:
412:
406:
404:
396:
393:
387:
378:
368:
361:
355:
348:
345:
339:
332:
328:
322:
315:
309:
307:
299:
293:
286:
280:
278:
271:
270:9780444510426
267:
263:
257:
255:
248:
247:0-922152-76-4
244:
240:
234:
230:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
165:
164:North America
161:
160:Lake Missoula
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
133:
129:
124:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:
87:
83:
82:boulder clays
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
47:
39:
33:
29:
26:
21:
1690:Oldest Dryas
1660:Interstadial
1655:Interglacial
1638:Time periods
1569:, California
1563:, Washington
1310:
1304:Glacifluvial
1253:Depositional
1176:Lake Chicago
1171:Lake Agassiz
1009:
935:Depositional
925:Zungenbecken
923:
854:Glacial lake
849:Glacial horn
763:Mass balance
751:Measurements
687:Accumulation
611:Glacier head
606:Glacier cave
550:Rock glacier
446:
442:
437:
429:
426:
421:
413:
410:
394:
391:
386:
377:
367:
354:
346:
343:
338:
330:
326:
321:
313:
297:
292:
284:
261:
238:
233:
181:
177:
169:
168:
152:Altai floods
139:
137:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
90:
77:
73:
65:
61:
55:
45:
44:
1799:Pleistocene
1700:Pleistocene
1695:Older Dryas
1557:, Wisconsin
1549:Oneida Lake
1545:, Wisconsin
1521:, Wisconsin
1503:, Wisconsin
1497:, Wisconsin
1485:, Wisconsin
1479:, Minnesota
1473:, Wisconsin
1467:, Wisconsin
1455:, Wisconsin
1341:Outwash fan
1336:Kettle hole
1229:Ribbon lake
1186:Teays River
1040:Outwash fan
1035:Kettle hole
919:Valley step
899:Trough lake
879:Ribbon lake
839:Finger lake
581:Bergschrund
148:Pleistocene
132:Katun River
101:Glazialzeit
25:Katun River
1814:Megafloods
1793:Categories
1619:Antarctica
1612:Antarctica
1598:Monte Rosa
1551:, New York
1331:Kame delta
1290:Till plain
1181:Lake Tight
1067:Glaciology
1050:Urstromtal
1030:Kame delta
982:Till plain
779:Jökulhlaup
737:Starvation
616:Ice divide
530:Ice stream
225:References
180:, with an
162:floods in
1539:, Montana
1436:, Nunavut
1430:, Ontario
1424:, Ontario
1418:, Alberta
1406:, Ontario
1394:, Alberta
1388:, Ontario
1212:Erosional
1205:Landforms
812:Erosional
804:Landforms
675:Processes
656:Randkluft
651:Penitente
596:Dirt cone
525:Ice shelf
520:Ice sheet
515:Ice field
200:Colluvium
1778:Category
1603:Svalbard
1533:, Nevada
1311:Diluvium
1072:Category
1010:Diluvium
1005:Alpentor
914:U-valley
758:Ice core
727:Plucking
682:Ablation
666:Terminus
591:Crevasse
586:Blue ice
486:Glaciers
218:Illuvium
194:Alluvium
188:See also
178:deluvium
170:Deluvium
140:diluvium
92:alluvium
78:alluvium
74:diluvium
62:diluvium
46:Diluvium
1581:Eurasia
1270:Moraine
1260:Drumlin
1129:General
952:Moraine
942:Drumlin
869:Nunatak
732:Retreat
697:Calving
641:Moraine
626:Icefall
564:Anatomy
535:Ledoyom
510:Ice cap
206:Eluvium
154:in the
109:Quartär
97:Eiszeit
1527:, Utah
1515:, Ohio
1446:States
1444:United
1379:Canada
1346:Sandur
1045:Sandur
889:Suncup
874:P-form
824:Cirque
707:Motion
646:Moulin
505:Cirque
500:Aufeis
268:
245:
174:Pavlov
70:Sussex
1316:Esker
1219:Fjord
1015:Esker
844:Fjord
819:Arête
742:Surge
702:Creep
661:Sérac
493:Types
111:, or
1326:Kame
1077:List
1025:Kame
894:Tarn
794:Tuya
601:Firn
266:ISBN
243:ISBN
76:and
372:pp.
146:of
119:.
99:or
1795::
402:^
329:.
305:^
276:^
253:^
166:.
130:,
53:.
30:,
1116:e
1109:t
1102:v
478:e
471:t
464:v
182:e
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
