491:
1073:
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947:
959:
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1025:
1001:
279:
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1089:
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66:
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54:
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490:
413:. Fearing that neighboring tribes would attack them in the absence of their men, the tribe of Julan rebelled against the Han and killed the governor of Jianwei Commandery. After Nanyue was defeated, Han forces turned north and subjugated the various tribes of Yelang, Julan, Toulan, Qiong, Zuo, Ran, and Mang.
428:
to persuade the king of Dian to submit, pointing out that many of the neighboring tribes had already been defeated. The king of Dian was initially reluctant to accept the offer for he still possessed some 30,000 troops as well as the allegiance of the nearby Laojin and Mimo tribes. However, in 109
374:
berry sauce. large quantities of it are exported in secret to the markets of Yelang, which is situated on the Zangke. The Zangke at that point is over 100 paces across, wide enough to allow boats to move up and down it. The king of
Southern Yue sends money and goods in an effort to gain control of
986:
The bronze lids were covered with miniature figurines and structures, depicting various scenes from the life of the Dian people. The bronze lids depicted the Dian people engaged in everyday activities such as hunting, farming and weaving. Other scenes depicted the leisurely pursuits of the Dian
389:
In 135 BCE, the Han envoy Tang Meng brought gifts to
Duotong, the king of Yelang, which bordered Dian, and convinced him to submit to the Han. The Jianwei Commandery was established in the region. In 122 BCE, Emperor Wu dispatched four groups of envoys to the southwest in search of a route to
990:
Many scenes depicted the Dian at war, often riding horses. Archaeological evidence shows that horses had been domesticated by the Dian people as early as the sixth century BCE. The bronze lids also depicted the Dian decapitating their enemies (who wore their hair in long plaits).
345:
was the most powerful. To the west of Yelang were the Mimo and the most powerful among them was the ruler of Dian. North of Dian was
Qiongdu. All these people styled their hair in a mallet-shaped fashion. These were settled peoples who worked the fields and lived in settlements.
1133:
946:
1114:
At Dabona, a site connected with the Dian culture, archaeologists discovered a large double coffin burial; The outer coffin was made of wood and the inner coffin was made of bronze. The inner coffin was shaped like a house and weighs over 157 kg.
420:
in 109 BCE and the Yizhou commandery established. The Dian King willingly received the
Chinese invasion in the hopes of assistance against rival tribes. It was at this time he received his seal from the Chinese, and became a tributary.
514:
Large bronze drums were employed by the Dian to communicate in battle; ritual burials of Dian elites were accompanied by large bronze drums filled with cowrie shells. The tops of the drums were removed and replaced by a bronze lid.
361:
tribes who braided their hair and moved from place to place with their herds. They had no fixed abodes or rulers. Northeast of the Sui were the Xi and Zuodu. The most powerful of the Zuodu were the Ran and Mang, who lived west of
987:
people, such as bullfighting, dancing and music-making. The Dian people dressed in tunics over short pants and wore their hair in topknots. The bronze lids corroborated Sima Qian's description of the Dian hairstyle.
1072:
510:
bronze objects using both the piece mould method and the lost wax method. Dian elite burials contained an impressive array of bronze objects, although late Dian burials also contained locally cast iron objects.
1217:
1181:
53:
262:. The Han Empire's annexation of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BCE eventually led to the establishment of the Yizhou commandery. Dian culture started from at least the 8th century BCE, until it fell
506:
The largest tin deposits on the
Eurasian continent are located on the Malay peninsula, and as such, the Dian people were sophisticated metal workers, casting both bronze and iron. The Dian
1139:
Bronze sword with a head-hunting theme from the Dian culture of ancient Yunnan (circa 100 BCE) unearthed at
Jiancheng and displayed at Yunnan Provincial Museum, Guandu, Kunming, 2016.
2822:
394:
in
Central Asia. One group was welcomed by the king of Dian but none of them were able to make it any further as they were blocked in the north by the Sui and Kunming tribes of the
465:
on a gold imperial seal of investiture given by the Han
Emperor. Sima Qian noted that the Dian were one of only two local groups to have received an imperial seal, the other being
958:
2174:
402:
and Zuo tribes. However they learned that further west there was a kingdom called
Dianyue where the people rode elephants and traded with the merchants from Shu in secret.
1308:
According to current archaeological evidence, the Dian were present in Yunnan from at least the eighth century BC, until they were conquered by the Han
Dynasty in 109 BC
195:
1036:
2146:
970:
1169:
366:. Some of them moved from place and place but others lived in fixed abodes. Northeast of the Ran and Mang were the Baima, who belonged to the Di tribe.
2797:
1254:"Two-season agriculture and irrigated rice during the Dian: radiocarbon dates and archaeobotanical remains from Dayingzhuang, Yunnan, Southwest China"
2167:
1000:
2802:
1024:
932:
artwork depicting horsemen in Central Asian clothing. Horsemen practicing hunting are depicted in circular arrangement on top of drums, a design
65:
1205:
928:
in the 2nd century BCE. Excavations of the prehistoric art of the Dian civilization of Yunnan have revealed hunting scenes similar to that of
1581:
1012:
2812:
2160:
437:. The Han proceeded with colonization and conquered the people of Kunming in 86 and 82 BCE, reaching all the way to what is now modern day
425:
1060:
952:
The ox is featured heavily in Dian artwork. This bronze belt buckle for example shows Dian armoured warriors around an ox and its calves.
375:
Yelang, extending his efforts as far west as Tongshi, but so far he has not succeeded in getting Yelang to acknowledge his sovereignty.
526:
350:
880:
994:
The Kingdom was based on agriculture, the bronzes also showed head hunting, human sacrifice, and slaves as part of Dian society.
86:
354:
58:
Dian and the southwestern peoples in the early Han period. Red means nomadic, yellow is semi-nomadic, and purple is sedentary.
2091:
1890:
1769:
1735:
1691:
1674:
1591:
1157:
2475:
1793:
1504:
1725:
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BCE, Han troops from Ba and Shu wiped out the Laojin and Mimo, leading the king of Dian to surrender. While Dian became
2028:
2009:
1968:
2807:
2118:
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2049:
1990:
1938:
1911:
1869:
1803:
1701:
1554:
1514:
278:
1978:
1102:
Archaeologists recently discovered the inundated remains of Dian-period buildings and pottery fragments under
1145:
332:
was subsequently overthrown by the Han, and the commanderies of the new dynasty, Ba and Shu, bordered Dian.
1088:
286:
2817:
295:
150:
328:, Zhuang Qiao decided to stay in Yunnan and adopt the native ways, establishing the Dian kingdom. The
2327:
263:
2147:"Rediscovering the settlement system of the 'Dian' kingdom, in Bronze Age southern China. Antiquity"
2126:
1119:
430:
251:
1880:
1759:
2083:
Culture Contact and Social Change Along China's Ancient Southwestern Frontier, 900 B.C.--100 A.D.
259:
17:
1546:
449:
The Dian buried their kings at Shizhaishan, which was uncovered in 1954 near Shizhai Village in
557:
410:
1985:(Transferred to digital reprinting ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
2081:
2039:
1958:
1930:
1901:
1664:
1048:
313:
258:. The Dian buried their dead in vertical pit graves. The Dian language was likely one of the
2060:
2021:
The Tarim mummies : ancient China and the mystery of the earliest peoples from the West
2322:
1265:
399:
8:
2628:
933:
909:
634:
434:
1269:
1848:
1539:
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282:
A bronze vessel showing seven oxen being hunted by two tigers, made by the Dian people.
2152:
2703:
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2502:
2274:
2114:
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2005:
1986:
1964:
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both in theme and in composition. These objects reflect the influence of steppe art.
588:
417:
406:
255:
2242:
1840:
1289:
1273:
829:
647:
225:
80:
1579:
433:, the king was allowed to continue his rule until a rebellion during the reign of
1862:
The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics
787:
763:
686:
610:
568:
2765:
2734:
2596:
2565:
1954:
1277:
976:
Dian vessel depicting a horseman surrounded by four oxen being hunted by tigers
913:
673:
599:
450:
324:
as part of the Chu military campaign. When the Chu homeland was invaded by the
2232:
1844:
2791:
2637:
2613:
2603:
2581:
2527:
2522:
2407:
1903:
Beyond the Great Wall: urban form and transformation on the Chinese frontiers
1580:
David Leffman; Simon Lewis; Jeremy Atiyah; Simon Farnham; Mark South (2008).
1285:
929:
798:
719:
699:
660:
621:
363:
101:
88:
2227:
2124:
Yang, Bin, 2004, Horses, silver, and cowries: Yunnan in global perspective.
2103:
Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian: Han Dynasty II (Revised Edition
2744:
2642:
2289:
2002:
Les Saces: les Scythes d'Asie, VIIIe siècle av. J.-C., IVe siècle apr. J.-C
1303:
937:
936:. Animal scenes of felines attacking oxen are also at times reminiscent of
409:
ordered the barbarian tribes of Jianwei Commandery to raise troops for the
2141:
2708:
2591:
2517:
2512:
2284:
2267:
2184:
1831:
Allard, Francis (1999). "The archaeology of Dian: trends and tradition".
1103:
1097:
809:
499:
470:
462:
329:
325:
317:
267:
235:
188:
154:
2718:
2713:
2550:
2497:
2434:
2342:
2237:
1791:
1663:
Howard, Angela Falco; Hung, Wu; Song, Li; Hong, Yang (1 January 2006).
1325:
864:
230:
2652:
2534:
2306:
851:
341:, the southwest was dominated by barbarians, among whom the ruler of
321:
309:
305:
239:
1252:
Dal Martello, Rita; Li, Xiaorui; Fuller, Dorian Q. (13 March 2021).
2439:
2412:
2357:
708:
532:
1960:
Marco Polo's China : a Venetian in the realm of Khubilai Khan
840:
316:
sent a military force to the southwest. Zhuang Qiao, a general of
2770:
2647:
2623:
2618:
2586:
2555:
2507:
2456:
2429:
2422:
2400:
2395:
2362:
2262:
2257:
1696:(illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 139.
820:
548:
507:
474:
438:
358:
2760:
2739:
2674:
2669:
2444:
2417:
2374:
2352:
2301:
2296:
2252:
2247:
2222:
2206:
1723:
1192:
925:
921:
754:
495:
477:, claiming to be the Yelang King's 75th generation descendant.
466:
454:
342:
301:
243:
234:) was an ancient kingdom established by the Dian people, a non-
1860:
Blench, Roger; Sagart, Laurent; Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia (2015).
1644:
2664:
2657:
2461:
2449:
2390:
2367:
2347:
2337:
1196:
886:
776:
579:
469:. Both have survived: the Yelang Seal emerged in 2007 from a
395:
391:
381:
337:
247:
213:
2608:
2332:
1730:(2, illustrated ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. p. 6.
1187:
Bronze sculpture of the Dian Kingdom (felines attacking an
917:
416:
The Dian Kingdom was annexed by the Han under the reign of
1859:
1509:(illustrated ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 93.
1412:
1331:
2823:
States and territories established in the 4th century BC
1632:
2182:
1764:(3, illustrated ed.). Passport Books. p. 11.
1390:
1388:
1188:
70:
Dian Kingdom horserider, from a bronze cowry container.
1798:(2, illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 52.
1460:
1122:
holds many archaeological relics of the Dian culture.
1106:
and were able to verify their age with carbon dating.
1484:
1436:
1424:
885:
The Dian Kingdom, with contemporary polities and the
1792:
Bradley Mayhew; Korina Miller; Alex English (2002).
1400:
1385:
1361:
1349:
1251:
238:
metalworking civilization that inhabited around the
1906:(illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press.
1373:
924:in southern China following their expulsion by the
2023:(1st pbk. ed.). London: Thames & Hudson.
1922:
1662:
1538:
1472:
1448:
457:. The burials were identified by the inscription
2789:
1337:
1757:
304:, southwestern China, in the region around the
300:Dian was an ancient kingdom situated in modern
2062:Archaeological approaches to cultural identity
1689:
1536:
1502:
964:Dian bronze lid depicting a horseman in battle
2168:
1885:(3rd, illustrated ed.). Passport Books.
494:Bronze helmet piece and lamellar armour from
37:
2041:World history: global and local interactions
981:
2018:
1650:
1506:Encyclopedia of ancient Asian civilizations
1258:Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
1078:Dian bronze lid depicting a human sacrifice
290:Bronze vessel featuring tiger, deer, and ox
2175:
2161:
1999:
1724:Stephen Mansfield; Martin Walters (2007).
1638:
64:
52:
2798:2nd-century BC disestablishments in China
1293:
1223:Dian bronze coffin in the shape of house
1087:
489:
285:
277:
2058:
2037:
2019:Mallory, J.P.; Mair, Victor H. (2008).
1899:
1466:
1406:
1355:
1332:Blench, Sagart & Sanchez-Mazas 2015
1092:Bronze sword hilt from the Dian Kingdom
14:
2803:4th-century BC establishments in China
2790:
2100:
1977:
1929:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1920:
1830:
1545:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1490:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1394:
1379:
1367:
920:may also have migrated to the area of
796:
730:
2156:
2065:(illustrated ed.). Unwin Hyman.
1669:. Yale University Press. p. 81.
1247:
1245:
1243:
838:
827:
818:
807:
774:
761:
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743:
717:
706:
697:
684:
671:
658:
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632:
619:
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597:
586:
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312:, it was established in 279 BCE when
1878:
1586:(5, illustrated ed.). Penguin.
1478:
862:
785:
566:
555:
540:
2813:Former countries in Chinese history
2079:
1953:
1454:
1343:
1083:
1018:Dian lamp in the shape of a servant
849:
24:
1615:"Seal of ancient king made public"
1240:
1109:
518:
25:
2834:
2135:
1925:A history of Chinese civilization
1541:A history of Chinese civilization
1066:Dian female musicians and dancers
934:often encountered in Scythian art
485:
461:. The inscription was written in
370:Shu is the only place that makes
2474:
1983:The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia
1693:The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia
1216:
1204:
1180:
1168:
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1144:
1132:
1071:
1059:
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1035:
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945:
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193:
1785:
1751:
1717:
1683:
1656:
1607:
1573:
1530:
1496:
891:
398:region and in the south by the
1568:tien kingdom 1956 seal yunnan.
1313:
308:. According to Han historian,
38:
13:
1:
2000:Lebedynsky, Iaroslav (2006).
1228:
898:
2044:. Markus Wiener Publishers.
1233:
1006:Dian bronze model of a house
242:plateau of central northern
7:
2142:Pictures of Dian Bronzeware
2105:, Columbia University Press
1963:. New York, NY: Routledge.
1900:Gaubatz, Piper Rae (1996).
1151:Seal of the Kingdom of Dian
1042:Dian servant with a parasol
10:
2839:
1823:
1278:10.1007/s12520-020-01268-y
1125:
1095:
480:
296:Han campaigns against Dian
293:
273:
2753:
2727:
2696:
2689:
2574:
2543:
2490:
2483:
2472:
2383:
2315:
2215:
2199:
2192:
2059:Shennan, Stephen (1989).
2038:Manning, Patrick (2006).
1879:Booz, Patrick R. (2007).
1845:10.1017/S0003598X00087858
1163:Dian people tending an ox
982:Depiction of Dian society
229:
209:
168:
164:
147:
137:
133:
125:
117:
75:
63:
51:
46:
32:
2808:Ancient peoples of China
2127:Journal of World History
1921:Gernet, Jacques (1996).
1758:Patrick R. Booz (2007).
1583:The Rough Guide to China
1120:Yunnan Provincial Museum
538:
252:Spring and Autumn period
102:24.666667°N 102.591667°E
2109:Stark, Miriam T. (ed),
2101:Watson, Burton (1993),
1690:Charles Higham (1996).
1651:Mallory & Mair 2008
1537:Jacques Gernet (1996).
1503:Charles Higham (2004).
411:campaign against Nanyue
260:Tibeto-Burman languages
47:8th century BCE–109 BCE
1727:China: Yunnan Province
1175:Dian people with an ox
1093:
503:
387:
291:
283:
1091:
1030:Face of a Dian person
493:
368:
314:King Qingxiang of Chu
289:
281:
107:24.666667; 102.591667
1191:), 3rd century BCE,
916:speculate that some
881:class=notpageimage|
2111:Archaeology of Asia
2080:Yao, Alice (2008).
1653:, pp. 329–330.
1320:Archaeology of Asia
1270:2021ArAnS..13...62D
910:Iaroslav Lebedynsky
435:Emperor Zhao of Han
256:Eastern Han dynasty
139:• Established
98: /
2004:. Paris: Errance.
1421:, p. 224-225.
1094:
504:
292:
284:
2818:History of Yunnan
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2685:
2684:
2470:
2469:
2093:978-0-549-51256-1
1892:978-962-217-210-4
1771:978-962-217-210-4
1737:978-1-84162-169-2
1676:978-0-300-10065-5
1666:Chinese Sculpture
1593:978-1-84353-872-1
896:
431:Yizhou Commandery
418:Emperor Wu of Han
407:Emperor Wu of Han
357:were the Sui and
349:In the area from
335:According to the
264:under the control
219:
218:
205:
204:
201:
200:
16:(Redirected from
2830:
2694:
2693:
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2187:peoples in China
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2015:
1996:
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1947:
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1795:South-West China
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1084:Underwater ruins
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459:King Dian's Seal
424:Emperor Wu sent
385:
233:
197:
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185:
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170:
169:
113:
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110:
109:
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103:
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81:Jinning District
68:
56:
41:
40:
30:
29:
21:
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2829:
2828:
2827:
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2777:
2749:
2723:
2681:
2570:
2539:
2479:
2466:
2379:
2311:
2211:
2188:
2183:Historical non-
2181:
2138:
2133:
2130:15(3): 281-322.
2094:
2073:
2052:
2031:
2012:
1993:
1979:Higham, Charles
1971:
1955:Haw, Stephen G.
1945:
1943:
1941:
1914:
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1718:
1708:
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1649:
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1639:Lebedynsky 2006
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2690:Early Modern
2279:
2149:by Alice Yao
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2020:
2001:
1982:
1959:
1944:. Retrieved
1924:
1902:
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1809:. Retrieved
1794:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1760:
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1726:
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1707:. Retrieved
1692:
1685:
1665:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1623:. Retrieved
1621:. 2007-11-01
1618:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1582:
1575:
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1560:. Retrieved
1540:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1505:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1467:Shennan 1989
1462:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1407:Gaubatz 1996
1402:
1375:
1363:
1356:Manning 2006
1351:
1339:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1261:
1257:
1117:
1113:
1101:
993:
989:
985:
938:Scythian art
908:
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405:In 111 BCE,
404:
388:
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371:
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348:
336:
334:
299:
270:in 109 BCE.
221:
220:
176:Succeeded by
175:
1491:Gernet 1996
1443:Watson 1993
1431:Watson 1993
1419:Watson 1993
1395:Watson 1993
1380:Gernet 1996
1368:Gernet 1996
1104:Fuxian Lake
1098:Fuxian Lake
500:Western Han
463:seal script
330:Qin dynasty
268:Han dynasty
189:Han dynasty
155:Han dynasty
105: /
93:102°35′30″E
2792:Categories
2551:Karakhanid
1946:2011-05-08
1625:2010-08-19
1229:References
1054:Dian woman
426:Wang Ranyu
254:until the
118:Government
90:24°40′00″N
2653:Xueyantuo
2561:Khotanese
2343:Tocharian
1853:162441877
1833:Antiquity
1479:Booz 2007
1322:, pp. 247
1286:1866-9565
1264:(4): 62.
1234:Citations
855:Scythians
591:Korgantas
561:BACTRIANS
322:Dian Lake
310:Sima Qian
306:Dian Lake
240:Dian Lake
2728:Northern
2697:Southern
2575:Northern
2491:Southern
2484:Medieval
2440:Shanrong
2413:Dingling
2384:Northern
2358:Quanrong
2243:Lạc Việt
2216:Southern
1981:(1996).
1957:(2005).
1455:Haw 2005
1344:Yao 2008
1304:33786071
789:SELEUCID
651:Chandman
378:—
353:east to
121:Monarchy
79:Today's
2771:Khoshut
2766:Dzungar
2754:Western
2619:Khereid
2597:Jurchen
2587:Kumo Xi
2566:Tibetan
2544:Western
2508:Cuanman
2457:Xianyun
2430:Guifang
2423:Xianbei
2401:Xiongnu
2396:Chunwei
2363:Xianyun
2316:Western
2263:Yangyue
2258:Shanyue
2238:Dong'ou
2233:Âu Việt
2200:Eastern
2193:Ancient
1824:Sources
1295:7956011
1266:Bibcode
1126:Gallery
893:
889:realm (
822:XIONGNU
813:DYNASTY
767:Subeshi
737:culture
724:culture
711:SABEANS
613:Pazyryk
481:Culture
475:Guizhou
473:man in
439:Myanmar
359:Kunming
351:Tongshi
274:History
266:of the
226:Chinese
160:109 BCE
153:by the
151:Annexed
149:•
126:History
76:Capital
18:Dianyue
2761:Oirats
2740:Manchu
2675:Shatuo
2670:Yueban
2648:Uyghur
2638:Tangut
2624:Naiman
2604:Shiwei
2582:Khitan
2556:Karluk
2528:Zhuang
2523:Bouyei
2445:Sushen
2418:Wuhuan
2408:Donghu
2375:Yuezhi
2353:Xirong
2302:Yelang
2297:Nanman
2253:Nanyue
2248:Minyue
2228:Âu Lạc
2223:Baiyue
2207:Dongyi
2117:
2090:
2069:
2048:
2027:
2008:
1989:
1967:
1937:
1910:
1889:
1882:Yunnan
1868:
1851:
1811:15 May
1802:
1777:15 May
1768:
1761:Yunnan
1743:15 May
1734:
1709:15 May
1700:
1673:
1619:CRI.cn
1599:15 May
1590:
1562:15 May
1553:
1522:15 May
1513:
1302:
1292:
1284:
1193:Yunnan
926:Yuezhi
922:Yunnan
868:Sarma-
831:PTOLE-
802:EMPIRE
800:MAURYA
791:EMPIRE
756:YUEZHI
701:DONGHU
677:Khotan
602:Sargat
502:period
496:Yunnan
467:Yelang
455:Yunnan
343:Yelang
302:Yunnan
244:Yunnan
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