List of colonial governors of New Jersey

258: 2573: 2931: 3266: 2332: 748: 671: 2198: 1153: 881: 508: 2159: 2080: 1886: 1800: 2608: 2236:

considerable power through the retained control of land titles and sales. The relationship between many of the Royal Governors and the provincial assembly was often hostile. The assembly would simply respond to disagreements over legislation by using its appropriation power to withhold the governor's salary. Several historians point towards a factionalism which defined the colonial government, but the factions have been described as inchoate and characterized by shifting alliances between the colony's various ethnic, religious, proprietary, and landowning groups.

2436: 2023: 1730: 1636: 30: 2486: 2757: 567: 1474: 3056: 3136: 972: 1077: 1524:. On 17 April 1702, New Jersey was transformed into a crown colony. The proprietors would retain their land rights until the East Jersey proprietors dissolved their corporation (then New Jersey's oldest) in 1998. The West Jersey Proprietors, currently the second oldest corporation in North America, continues as an activity entity based in 1500:(1618–83). Fenwick rushed to the colony to establish a settlement, Fenwick's Colony, that would become Salem. Due to Byllynge's financial difficulties encountered in his attempts to assert his title to the colony, he sought investment from William Penn, and others. Title issues were settled in 1676 with the negotiation of the 2251:. Many of these German families eventually settled in New Jersey. West Jersey's colonists included Irish, English, Welsh and Scottish Quakers and the descendants of Swedish and Finnish colonists from the former New Sweden colony. Dutch and Huguenot families from New York settled in the valleys of the 3506:

The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New-Jersey. The acts passed during the proprietary governments, and other material transactions before the surrender thereof to Queen Anne. The instrument of surrender, and her formal acceptance thereof, Lord Cornbury's Commission

855:

sent an army to the Delaware River, which compelled the surrender of the Swedish forts and settlements in 1655. The Swedish settlers continued to enjoy local autonomy, retaining their own militia, religion, court, and lands, however, until the English conquest of the New Netherland colony on 24 June

2975:

Morris's tenure was marked with bitter disputes and deadlocks between himself and factions in the colonial legislature—so bitter that after his death when his widow requested the arrears on his salary, the legislature refused citing that the request was "a subject so universally disliked...there is

2235:

For the next four decades, New Jersey and New York shared one royal governor. Because the crown's representatives were generally incompetent or corrupt, and the royal governor often ignored New Jersey and its affairs, the colonists had substantial autonomy, and the proprietors continued to wield

2780:

tribes became increasingly hostile. During these years, colonists left the seacoast cities and settled the colony's northwestern wilderness. Much of the provincial government's actions during this time was organizing the wilderness into townships often named after English and colonial political

1508:

venture focused on the settlement of the lower Delaware River area, and was associated with William Penn and prominent figures in the colonization of the Pennsylvania. After Carteret's death, his heirs sold his interest in East Jersey to twelve investors, eleven of whom were members of the

5362:"Charter of a College to be erected in New-Jersey, by the Name of Queen's-College." (New York: John Holt, 1770); in the collection of Special Collections and University Archives, Alexander Library, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 1656:

In 1674, Andros was appointed to oversee the Duke of York's possessions in the Province of New York. Andros assumed that included his possessions in New Jersey as well. Carteret and proprietors in New Jersey resisted Andros's claim. He returned to England in 1678 for

4244:

The History of the Colony of Nova Cæsarea, Or New Jersey: Containing, an Account of Its First Settlement, Progressive Improvements, the Original and Present Constitution, and Other Events to the Year 1721. With Some Particulars Since and a Short View of Its Present

345:

New Netherland was conceived as a private business venture to exploit the North American fur trade. By the 1650s, the colony experienced dramatic growth and became a major port for trade in the North Atlantic. The leader of the Dutch colony was known by the title

2355:

Historians claim that he illustrated the worst form of the English aristocracy's "arrogance, joined to intellectual imbecility" and characterize him as a "degenerate and pervert who is said to have spent half of his time dressed in women's clothes", a "fop and a

2863:

to "educate the youth in language, liberal, the divinity, and useful arts and sciences" and for the training of future ministers for the Dutch Reformed Church. Franklin issued a second charter in 1770 after the college's trustees requested amendments.

150:

of Aberdeenshire Scotland (Ury served by proxy) was a leading Quaker theologian, the Quaker influence on the East Jersey government was insignificant. Many of East Jersey's early settlers came from other colonies in the Western Hemisphere, especially

4188:

Lewis, Clifford Lewis III. "Some Extracts Relating to Sir Edmund Plowden and Others from the Lost Minutes of the Virginia Council and General Court: 1642–45" and "Some Notes on Sir Edmund Plowden's Attempts to Settle His Province of New Albion" in

224:, and reorganized the province into an independent state. The constitution granted the vote to all inhabitants who had a certain level of wealth, including single women and blacks (until 1807). The newly formed State of New Jersey elected 2885:

in January 1776, he would not be formally deposed until June 1776 when the colony's Provincial Congress had him imprisoned. Franklin considered the Provincial Congress to be an "illegal assembly." Under the direction of its president

2201:

John Fenwick, the founder of New Salem (now Salem, New Jersey) the first Quaker settlement in West Jersey, signed a treaty with the Lenape beneath the "Salem Oak" in 1675. The oak tree is said to be approximately 600 years

1566:

in New York City deposed Nicholson in what amounted to an ethnic war between English newcomers and the Dutch who were old settlers. After these events, the colonies reverted to their previous forms of governance until 1702.

1117:) in the 1630s. Plowden took several years to raise funds, and recruit settlers and "adventurers." In 1642, Plowden and several men sailed from England with aim to settle the colony. This attempt ended in an unsuccessful 3093:(1755–57), the first since Richard Ingoldesby served under Lord Cornbury and Lord Lovelace, and the last until the state reinstated the office in 2010. Pownall assumed the governorship of Massachusetts on 3 August 1757. 3702:(Portland: Maine Historical Society / Bailey and Noyes, 1869–1916). Published online at the Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved 6 April 2013. 1491:

After the British regained New Jersey and New York, New Jersey was restored as a proprietary colony and was divided into two provinces—East Jersey and West Jersey. In 1674, Berkeley sold his interest in West Jersey to

4263:. Volume IV. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1909). Published online at the Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved 5 April 2013. 1391:". Evertsen returned to the Netherlands in July 1674, and was accused of disobeying his orders. Evertsen had been instructed not to retake New Amsterdam, but instead, to conquer the English and French colonies of 3529:

Volume IV. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1909). Published online at the Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved 5 April

5316:

Series 2: Trustees Charters and Bylaws, and other College Rules; 1746–2006; Board of Trustees Records, Princeton University Archives, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University

3639:

The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New-Jersey. The acts passed during the proprietary governments, and other material trnasactions before the surrender thereof to Queen

4135:

Charles Varlo (compiler). "The Grant of King Charles the First, to Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine of Albion, of the Province of New Albion, in America, June 21, A.D., 1634" (London: s.n., 1785) in the

4175:

Evelyn, Robert. "A direction for adventurers with small stock to get two for one, and good land freely and for gentlemen and all servants, labourers, and artificers to live plentifully." (London: s.n.,

1820:

Deposed by the Board of Trade on the instigation of Jeremiah Basse under the claim that "no other than a natural-born subject of England could serve in any public post of trust or profit" (Hamilton was

4257:"The Concession and Agreement of the Lords Proprietors of the Province of New Caesarea, or New Jersey, to and With All and Every the Adventurers and All Such as Shall Settle or Plant There – 1664" 2239:

During this period, the population of the colony began to expand, from 14,000 in 1700 to nearly 52,000 by 1740. It was a diverse colony, as Queen Anne and Royal Governor Hunter began to important

5646: 5616: 5516: 5499: 5139: 5122: 5076: 5039: 5019: 5002: 4736: 4719: 4702: 4592: 4575: 4545: 2827:, and the colony's governors were influential in their establishment. Governors John Hamilton, John Reading, and Jonathan Belcher aided the establishment of The College of New Jersey (now 3569:

East Jersey Under the Proprietary Governments: A Narrative of Events connected with the Settlement and Progress of the Province, until the Surrender of the Government to the Crown in 1703

1144:

for the colony, and labels the Delaware River as "this river the Lord Ployden hath a patten of and calls it New Albion but the Swedes are planted in it and have a great trade of Furrs."

1110:

and poorly defined the boundaries of the New Albion colony. It is believed that the colony would have covered territory within present-day New Jersey, New York, Delaware, and Maryland.

2224:, as the province's first Royal Governor. In 1702, the governments of the two proprietary colonies had surrendered their authority to the Crown which reorganized New Jersey into a 1477:

The provinces of West Jersey and East Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively, as divided by the Keith Line (in red) and the compromise Coxe and Barclay line (in orange)

2232:

appointed by the British monarch, and a twenty-four-member assembly whose members were elected by colonists who were qualified to vote by owning at least 1,000 acres of land.

4261:

The Federal and State Constitutions Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America

3527:

The Federal and State Constitutions Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America

3286:

Despite his reputation for arrogance, stubbornness and a fiery temper, Franklin is considered one of the more popular and successful chief executives in New Jersey history.

832:, Director of New Netherland, objected to the Swedish presence, but Minuit ignored his protests knowing that the Dutch were militarily impotent. The colony would establish 5346: 1666:

Andros was recalled to England in January 1681 under the pretense of facing financial corruption charges but more because he was a political liability to the Duke of York.

1520:

This arrangement lasted for approximately thirty years, but because of issues of administration, the proprietors of both colonies surrendered their right to government to

901:

Arrived to settle the colony in March 1638 and embarked on return voyage to Sweden in June to organize a second group of settlers; Minuit died during a hurricane in the

2068:

After being dissuaded by family and friends not to travel to West Jersey, Coxe sells part of his land holdings and the right to government to the West Jersey Society.

1660:

Andros returned with a mandate from the Duke of York to control both colonies and attempted to assert his authority. Governor Carteret continued to resist his claim.

1558:

Puritans in New England, and Dutch Calvinists in New York launched a revolt against Andros, arresting him and his officers out of fear that Andros sought to impose

76:(present-day New York, New Jersey, and Delaware), and the territory was divided into several newly defined English colonies. Despite one brief year when the Dutch 1191:

assumed the position as Deputy-Governor of New Netherland (including Dutch settlements in New Jersey). His first acts were to guarantee the Dutch colonists their

5155:

New Jersey Colonial Documents, Archives of the State of New Jersey, First Series, Vol. V. (Newark, New Jersey: Daily Advertiser Publishing House, 1882), 490–491.

1121:, and for the next seven years Plowden remained in Virginia managing the affairs of the intended colony, and selling land rights to adventurers and speculators. 41:, was the last residence for a Royal Governor of New Jersey. It is the only Provincial Governor's Mansion from the Thirteen Colonies that is still standing. 3238:

Son of Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Hardy (1680–1744), Lord commissioner of the Admiralty, brother to Sir Charles Hardy (1716–80), Royal Governor of New York.

4836:. (Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987); Gerlach, Larry R., "Quaker Politics in Eighteenth Century New Jersey: A Documentary Account" in 793:

and the Swedish government to create the first Swedish colony in the New World. The Swedes sought to expand their influence by creating an agricultural (

785:, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. After being dismissed as director of New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company (WIC), Peter Minuit was recruited by 2871:'s tenure, his power was diminished and he became marginalized by the rebellious sentiment rising in the colony's residents. The province was being run 17: 5073: 5036: 4542: 2271:. Because of its liberal grant of religious freedom, the colony's diversity was also reflected in its religious plurality, with a strong presence of 1517:

to serve as governor. The settlement of East Jersey, and its commercial and political development was chiefly connected to New England and New York.

1246:, the Lords Proprietor outlined the distribution of power in the province, offered religious freedom to all inhabitants, and established a system of 5232:

Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New Jersey: Extracts from American Newspapers, Relating to New Jersey, Volume IV. 1756–61

3601:

A History of Monmouth and Ocean Counties: Embracing a Genealogical Record of Earliest Settlers in Monmouth and Ocean Counties and Their Descendants.

4274:

A History of Monmouth and Ocean Counties: Embracing a Genealogical Record of Earliest Settlers in Monmouth and Ocean Counties and Their Descendants

3555:

Pomfret, John Edwin. The Province of West New Jersey, 1609–1702: A History of the Origins of an American Colony. (New York: Octagon Books, 1956).

1250:, annual fees paid by settlers in return for land. The two Lords Proprietor selected Carteret's brother Philip as the province's first governor. 1203:

and a legal code. Nicholls would remain governor until 1668, but the Duke of York granted part of the New Netherland territory (that between the

2071:

Edward Hunloke served as Dr. Coxe's deputy governor (1690–92) until his sale of the colony to the West Jersey Society, which appointed Hamilton.

3319: 3983:

Some account of Willem Usselinx and Peter Minuit: Two individuals who were instrumental in establishing the first permanent colony in Delaware

228:

as its first governor on 31 August 1776—a position to which he would be reelected until his death in 1790. New Jersey was one of the original

5812: 4378:

Snyder, John Parr. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968. (Trenton, New Jersey: Bureau of Geology and Topography, 1969), 9ff.

96: 5247:

Larrabee, Edward Conyers McMillan. "New Jersey and the Fortified Frontier System of the 1750s." PhD Dissertation, Columbia University, 1970.

1504:

between Carteret, Penn, Byllynge, Nicholas Lucas, and Gawen Lawrie dividing the colony into East and West Jersey. West Jersey was largely a

1156:

The two Lords Proprietor of the Province of New Jersey: John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (left) and Sir George Carteret (right)

5802: 4349: 3307: 191: 3201:

Appointed in 1759, but did not arrive in New Jersey until 10 May 1760, and did not meet with the colonial assembly until 30 October 1760.

5731:

McCreary, John Roger. "Ambition, Interest and Faction: Politics in New Jersey, 1702–38." PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska, 1971.

1211:

rivers, present day New Jersey), to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley for their devoted service to the Duke of York and his brother

4054:] and historical investigations at the site of FORT CASIMIR New Castle, Delaware. Prepared for Trustees of the New Castle Commons." 1874:

He returned to New Jersey in 1703 and later served as secretary for Lord Cornbury and Lord Lovelace, before his conviction for perjury.

5231: 4900:

History of Hunterdon and Somerset counties, New Jersey, with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers

5827: 5797: 5061:

History of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, New Jersey with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of its Prominent Men and Pioneers

4904:

Forty years at Raritan : eight memorial sermons with notes for a history of the Reformed Dutch churches in Somerset County, N.J.

3646:] The instrument of surrender, and her formal acceptance thereof, Lord Cornbury's Commission and Introduction consequent thereon. 2781:

figures. By the 1750s, violent raids against these settlers, and fears that the French were supporting these hostilities led to the

2387:

Lord Lovelace died in office, in a short tenure marked by prosecuting Governor Jeremiah Basse and other supporters of Lord Cornbury.

2150:

Chosen by the Provincial Council to serve as deputy governor during Basse's journey to England, and served until Hamilton's arrival.

5822: 2844: 1791:

Tatham may have been rejected because of suspicion of culpability in the death of James Budd; Dudley because of his ties to Andros.

5235:. Archives of the State of New Jersey, First Series, Volume 20. (Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Society, 1898), passim. 2855:. In 1756, the school moved to Princeton. In 1766, Governor William Franklin issued the charters to establish Queens College (now 1663:

After Sir George Carteret's death in 1680 and Philip Carteret's acquittal, Andros assumed authority over the colony for 10 months.

4369:

Prak, Maarten. The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century: The Golden Age. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 116.

3878:. (Gloucester City, New Jersey: Gloucester City American Revolution Bicentennial Committee, 1976), 17–33. Retrieved 8 June 2013. 2491: 1911: 1113:

Captain Thomas Young and his nephew, Robert Evelyn, explored and charted the valley of the Delaware River (which they called the

5343: 4020: 2441: 2211: 2008:

Dr. Coxe never left England and became Governor of West Jersey after purchasing the holdings of Edward Byllynge from his heirs.

1907: 1618: 2359:

He was recalled by Queen Anne who received several complaints from colonists of "numerous malpractices and misappropriations".

1539:. The Proprietors of East Jersey were angered by the revocation of their charters, but retained their property and petitioned 107:(1649–60). Carteret and Berkeley subsequently sold their interests to two groups of proprietors, thus creating two provinces: 3430: 3366: 2989: 2777: 2686: 2658: 2164: 2085: 1891: 1805: 1718: 1555: 146:

to escape religious persecution. Although a number of the East Jersey proprietors in England were Quakers and First Governor

81: 4304:

New York: A Sketch of the City's Social, Political, and Commercial Progress from the First Dutch Settlement to Recent Times

3346: 2607: 587:

Previously a Dutch West India Company warehouse clerk, used family connections to the Rensselaer family to gain appointment

5700:. PhD Dissertation, Rutgers University, 1964, Rutgers University Library, Special Collections (New Brunswick, New Jersey). 4948:. (New York: New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, 1913; reprinted Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, Inc., 1992). 5817: 3635:"Surrender from the Proprietors of East and West New Jersey, of Their Pretended Right of Government to Her Majesty; 1702" 3396: 3244:

Replaced in 1763 in an effort to impose greater imperial authority over the colonies following the French and Indian War.

1598: 1312: 5664:

History of Bergen and Passaic Counties, New Jersey: With Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men

5257: 4086: 3351: 3109: 3015: 2891: 2337: 2221: 1240:) As a result of this grant, Carteret and Berkeley became the two English Lords Proprietor of New Jersey. By the 1665 1099: 1095: 221: 4456: 5634:

Hardyston Memorial: A History of The Township and the North Presbyterian Church, Hardyston, Sussex County, New Jersey

3856: 3831:

The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America

3301: 3090: 2878: 2840: 2416: 2372: 233: 217: 5599:

History of Morris County, New Jersey with illustrations and biographical sketches of prominent citizens and pioneers

1327:

Appointed by Sir George Carteret (his brother) and Lord Berkeley of Stratton to be the first governor of New Jersey

5487:

Thomas Pownall, British Defender of American Liberty; a Study of Anglo-American Relations in the Eighteenth Century

4875:

Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigration: A British Government Redemptioner Project to Manufacture Naval Stores

3141: 2809: 2268: 1980: 1337: 2930: 2572: 4347:"Behouden of opgeven? Het lot van de nederlandse kolonie Nieuw-Nederland na de herovering op de Engelsen in 1673" 3337: 3037: 2804:) to defend this frontier and carry out punitive raids on Indian villages. Hostilities began to subside with the 363: 5437:. (1st Ed – Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1964; 2nd Ed. — New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1970). 4791: 4122:

Carter, Edward C., II, and Lewis, Clifford, III. "Sir Edmund Plowden and the New Albion Charter, 1632–1785" in

3450: 3247: 3033: 2715: 1380: 164: 5215:

Promised Land: Penn's Holy Experiment, The Walking Purchase, and the Dispossession of the Delawares, 1600–1763

3696:"Grant of Exclusive Trade to New Netherland by the States-General of the United Netherlands; October 11, 1614" 2702:

Lewis Morris is said to have served as acting governor during this time, although his authority was disputed.

2229: 257: 5181: 5409:

A History of Trenton, 1679–1929: Two Hundred and Fifty Years of a Notable Town with Links in Four Centuries

3484:"Berkeley, John, first Baron Berkeley of Stratton (bap. 1607, d. 1678), royalist army officer and courtier" 3386: 3041: 2471: 2352:

Lord Cornbury's tenure was marked with accusations of cross-dressing, corruption, arrogance, and decadence.

2217: 1521: 1457: 1408: 1373: 1291:

After the Dutch surrender, Nicolls assumed position of Deputy-Governor of New Amsterdam and New Netherland

432: 241: 187: 77: 4826:

Not For Filthy Lucre's Sake: Richard Saltar and the Antiproprietary Movement in East New Jersey, 1665–1707

4679:

Not for filthy Lucre's sake: Richard Saltar and the antiproprietary movement in East New Jersey, 1665–1707

3665:. (CMH Publication 71-25) (Washington D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, 1987), 103–105. 119:

was often a matter of dispute. The two provinces would be distinct political divisions from 1674 to 1702.

4332:. (Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1988), 73, 139–151; De Waard, Cornelis. 3170: 2969: 2424:

His commission for governorship was revoked in October 1709, but the news only reached him in April 1710.

2331: 1865:

Basse convinced the Board of Trade to depose Hamilton, and he advocated against the colonial proprietors.

659: 3795: 3541:

The history of New Jersey: from its discovery by Europeans, to the adoption of the Federal Constitution

3311: 3265: 2887: 2852: 1753:

Administration of East Jersey, West Jersey, and New York colonies during this brief period overseen by

1531:

For a brief period beginning in 1688, New York, East Jersey and West Jersey came under the short-lived

426: 281: 5726:

These Daring Disturbers of the Public Peace: The Struggle for Property and Power in Early New Jersey.

4108:

The Rise and Fall of New Sweden: Governor Johan Risingh's Journal 1654–1655 in Its Historical Context

3315: 3251: 3166: 2965: 2957: 2860: 2832: 2797: 2733:

Resigned before taking the governorship so that he could continue serving in the military and in the

1871:

The administration of the colony suffered under his governorship, he was recalled to England in 1699.

532: 5719:

East of Jersey: A History of the General Board of Proprietors for the Eastern Division of New Jersey

4830:

These Daring Disturbers of the Public Peace: The Struggle for Property and Power in Early New Jersey

2894:

and reorganize the province into an independent state. The newly formed State of New Jersey elected

1547:. The colony proved too large for a single governor to administer, and Andros was highly unpopular. 977: 240:

as a state on 18 December 1787. On 20 November 1789 New Jersey became the first state to ratify the

4944:. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1908); Vosburgh, Royden Woodword (editor). 4923:. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: The Daily Fredonian steam printing house, 1886); Van Valen, James M. 4881:. (Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press, 1995); Chambers, Theodore Frelinghuysen (Rev.). 3675: 1242: 295: 134:

and its prominent Quaker investors. Many of its early settlers were Quakers who came directly from

127: 5165: 4752:

Hunter, Michael. "Coxe, Daniel". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.

2645:, a newspaper publisher for libel after Zenger's newspaper severely criticized his administration. 1108:

Lord Earl Palatinate, Governor and Captain-General of the Province of New Albion in North America,

880: 670: 220:. In June 1776, the Provincial Congress formally deposed Franklin and had him arrested, adopted a 5807: 3784:. (Portland, Maine: Collections of the Maine Historical Society, 2nd Series. 1901–02), 7:311–314. 3391: 3361: 3186: 3157: 2936: 2801: 2699:

Acting governor in his role as President of Council, after the death of acting governor Anderson.

2578: 1699: 1532: 751:

The relative locations of New Netherland (magenta) and New Sweden (blue) in eastern North America

711: 637: 38: 5653:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 72–76. Retrieved 29 April 2013. 5146:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 52–54. Retrieved 29 April 2013. 5129:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 54–58. Retrieved 29 April 2013. 4709:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 33–35. Retrieved 29 April 2013. 4389:

A sketch of the life and character of John Fenwick, published by Friends Historical Association.

4346: 4060:

from the New Castle, Delaware Community History and Archaeology Program. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

3241:

Hardy gained "a reputation for promptness, attentiveness and openness" as New Jersey's governor.

3502:"The Duke of York's Release to John Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret, 24th of June, 1664" 2961: 2522: 1563: 1525: 1352:

Carteret left for England in 1672 and left his deputy, Captain Berry, to administer the colony

1152: 948: 707: 545: 402: 371: 367: 195: 61: 4202:

Farrar, John. "A mapp of Virginia discovered to ye hills" (1651) printed in Williams, Edward.

4898:

For Dutch settlement in the Raritan Valley: Snell, James P. and Ellis, Franklin (compilers).

3918:

History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey, from its earliest settlement to the present time

3846: 3080: 2836: 2782: 2284: 2272: 2197: 1497: 1369: 1212: 104: 5459:

Readington Township Historic Preservation Commission, Readington Township Museum Committee.

4058:"Where Was Fort Casimir? Historical And Archaeological Evidence From The 1986 Heite Report." 2220:(1665–1714) reunited East Jersey and West Jersey as a royal colony and appointed her cousin 915: 2828: 2765: 2207: 1535:. New York and New Jersey were largely overseen by a Lieutenant Governor and army captain, 1174: 1124:

Plowden returned to England in 1649 to raise funds, and promote the colony as a refuge for

1091: 848: 825: 199: 4613:

The Province of West New Jersey, 1609–1702: A History of the Origins of an American Colony

3695: 8: 5258:"Presidents, professors, and politics: the colonial colleges and the American revolution" 4523:

Lord Churchill's Coup: The Anglo-American Empire and the Glorious Revolution Reconsidered

3753:

Articles about the Transfer of New Netherland on the 27th of August, Old Style, Anno 1664

3207: 2631:

He rarely visited New Jersey and only met the provincial council or assembly eight times.

1754: 1551: 1295: 1196: 1184: 1085: 207: 88: 4844:. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press), 1986; and Newcomb, Benjamin H. 3931:

The Dutch-Munsee Encounter in America: The Struggle for Sovereignty in the Hudson Valley

2158: 2079: 1885: 1799: 5745:. New Jersey Historical Series, Volume 9. (Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1964). 4824:

For a discussion of the factionalism and early political issues, see: Weeks, Daniel J.

3290: 2895: 2856: 2526: 2468:

who encamped in the Hudson Valley, and then settled in upstate New York and New Jersey.

2400: 1501: 1170: 1133: 821: 572: 507: 339: 299: 225: 168: 116: 3845:

Gehring, Charles T. "Hodie Mihi, Cras Tibi" in Hoffecker, Carol E., et al. (editors)

2673:

Acting governor after the death of Governor Cosby, in his role as President of Council

2419:

under Lord Cornbury and Lord Lovelace, and acting governor upon the death of Lovelace.

4879:

Foreigners and Englishmen: The Controversy over Immigration and Population, 1660–1760

4442: 4014: 3852: 3767: 3726:

Cookies, Coleslaw and Stoops: The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages.

3648:(2nd Edition. Philadelphia: William Bradford, 1758) 600–618. Published online at the 2824: 2751: 2642: 2558: 1757: 1536: 1403:). In 1674, the Dutch agreed to relinquish New Orange to the English in exchange for 1216: 1192: 1129: 993: 837: 833: 440: 229: 100: 34: 3076:

Aided the early development of The College of New Jersey (now Princeton University).

2596:

Morris actively advocated to separate New Jersey from New York control from 1728–38.

1914:

ruled that the Navigation Act of 1696 did not prohibit Scotsmen from holding office.

604:

Pushed back encroaching Virginia settlers who tried to settle Delaware River valley

210:(1775–83), was marginalized in the last year of his tenure, as the province was run 5404: 5353:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Libraries. Retrieved 22 March 2013. 4443:

Final Report relating to Fair Resolution of Proprietary Title Claims Act, June 1999

4256: 3780:

Farnham, Mary Frances (compiler). "Farnham Papers (1603–88)" in Volumes 7 and 8 of

3634: 3522: 3509:(2nd Edition. Philadelphia: William Bradford, 1758), 8–11. Published online at the 3501: 3271: 3061: 2868: 2805: 2773: 2542: 2457: 2263:

region. New Englanders from Connecticut and Long Island, and English planters from

2256: 2240: 2022: 1729: 1635: 1180: 1166: 1053: 852: 790: 786: 770: 762: 676: 489: 307: 203: 5101:

New York Burning: Liberty, Slavery, and Conspiracy in Eighteenth-Century Manhattan

4842:

Proprietors, Patronage and Paper Money: Legislative Politics in New Jersey 1703–76

4317:

From New Amsterdam to New York: The Founding of New York by the Dutch in July 1625

3427: 747: 5776: 5350: 5080: 5043: 4792:"Public invited to gather acorns from the historic Salem Oak, start own saplings" 4549: 4353: 4285:

Grabas, Joseph A. "Land Speculation and Proprietary Beginnings of New Jersey" in

4151:

Historical Collections, considering of State Papers and other Authentic Documents

4090: 4024: 3468:"Carteret, Sir George, first baronet (1610?–80), naval officer and administrator" 3454: 3434: 2796:(i.e., the upper valley of the Delaware River), and mustered military units (the 2789: 2288: 1972: 1953: 1917:

By his death in April 1703, he had not been relieved of his position as governor.

1826: 1493: 1276: 1227: 1222:

This territory would be called the Province of New Caesaria, or New Jersey after

1188: 1125: 1061: 935: 463: 359: 92: 69: 5534:

The "Infamas Govener" Francis Bernard and the Origins of the American Revolution

5422:

Path to Freedom, The Struggle for Self Government in Colonial New Jersey 1703–76

5199:

The Great Law and the Longhouse: a political history of the Iroquois Confederacy

4140:, Rare Books and Manuscripts Collection, New York Public Library, New York City. 3876:

First Settlement on the Delaware River: A History of Gloucester City, New Jersey

1968:

Byllynge, a London brewer who never came to West Jersey died in England in 1687.

4919:

For Dutch and Huguenot settlement in the Hackensack Valley: Demarest, David D.

3086: 3079:

Fortified the upper Delaware River valley to prevent Indian attacks during the

2848: 2734: 2518: 2110: 2011: 1839: 1714: 1706: 1676: 1514: 1299: 1236: 1208: 1140:

in 1659. A notation on John Farrar's 1651 map of Virginia references Plowden's

1057: 1022: 1006: 778: 650: 641: 601:

Lost the colony's claim of the Connecticut River valley to New England settlers

493: 485: 291: 277: 176: 147: 73: 4979:. (Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000). 4334:

De Zeeuwsche expeditie naar de West onder Cornelis Evertsen den Jonge, 1672–74

3907:

Early American Series. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006).

3871: 1862:

Served as agent for the West Jersey Society to the Board of Trade from 1695–98

1132:. Despite further attempts to return to his colony, Plowden was confined in a 80:

the colony (1673–74), New Jersey would remain an English possession until the

5791: 5185: 4421: 4083: 3900: 3401: 3381: 2951:

Previously served in the Provincial Council, Assembly and as acting governor.

2813: 2792:

to colonists who killed Indians, established a line of fortifications in the

2613: 2593:

Acting governor after death of Governor Montgomerie, as President of Council.

2511: 2507: 2252: 2244: 2028: 1782: 1735: 1641: 1614: 1540: 1473: 1453: 1437: 1400: 1388: 1384: 1037: 902: 816: 722: 331: 202:. The Province of New Jersey was governed by appointed governors until 1776. 180: 29: 4936:

For Dutch and Huguenot settlement in the Minisink: Decker, Amelia Stickney.

4808: 3920:(New York: Kennard & Hay Stationery M'fg and Printing Co., 1874), 68–69. 2485: 4391:(Philadelphia: Henry S. Volkmar, 1875); Shourds, Thomas "John Fenwick." in 3799:

231 Volumes. (Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1969–81), 10:231.

3483: 3467: 3371: 3356: 3297: 3223: 2882: 2635: 2435: 2248: 2225: 2135: 1976: 1710: 1392: 1204: 886: 844: 829: 797:) and fur-trading colony, and thus bypassing French and English merchants. 614: 513: 422: 418: 327: 323: 298:. It claimed territories along the eastern coast of North America from the 236:

forming the United States of America. It thereby was admitted into the new

186:

In 1702, both divisions of New Jersey were reunited as one royal colony by

131: 4106:

Dahlgren, Stellan, and Norman, Hans; and Nelson, Marie Clark (translator)

3661:

Wright, Robert K., Jr., MacGregor, Morris J., Jr. "William Livingston" in

1452:

Colve's authority ended on 10 November 1674 with the transfer of power to

5096: 4940:. (Trenton, New Jersey: Privately printed, 1942); Hine, Charles Gilbert. 4883:

The Early Germans of New Jersey: their History, Churches and Genealogies.

4300:

IV. New Amsterdam becomes New York The Beginning of English Rule. 1664–74

4220:

History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth Century: New Amsterdam

3523:"Quintipartite Deed of Revision, Between E. and W Jersey: July 1st, 1676" 2817: 2761: 2296: 2276: 2053: 1993: 1691:

Barclay was leader of the Quaker movement and one of the foremost Quaker

1544: 1486: 1482: 1141: 718: 319: 270: 160: 156: 152: 112: 108: 91:(later King James II) divided New Jersey, granting a portion to two men, 50: 5736:

Narratives of Early Pennsylvania West New Jersey and Delaware: 1630–1707

5683:(Franklin Township, New Jersey: Franklin Township Public Library, 1998). 5274: 4861:. 3 volumes. (Boston: Richard G. Badger/The Gorham Press, 1921), 60, 67. 4640:

McCormick, John D. "John Tatham, New Jersey's First Catholic Governor".

2756: 1877:

He would remain involved in provincial politics until his death in 1725.

5623:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 69–72. 5523:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 62–65. 5506:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 58–62. 5178: 5087:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 46–48. 5050:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 40–43. 5026:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 39–40. 5009:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 36–38. 4834:

The New Jersey Assembly, 1738–75: The Making of a Legislative Community

4743:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 21–24. 4726:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 30–33. 4582:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 18–21. 4556:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 15–17. 4485:

Dunn, Randy. "Patronage and Governance in Francis Nicholson's Empire".

3905:

The Shame and the Sorrow: Dutch-Amerindian Encounters in New Netherland

3652:, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved 5 April 2013. 3513:, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved 5 April 2013. 3376: 1856: 1781:

The East Jersey Proprietors nominated two men, John Tatham and Colonel

1200: 931: 810: 756: 703: 528:

Purchased the island of Manhattan from Native Americans on 24 May 1626

311: 237: 46: 5705:

The Government of Sir Edmund Andros over New England, in 1688 and 1689

5378:. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1966), passim. 5281:(New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000). 4885:(Dover, New Jersey: Dover Printing Company, 1895); Otterness, Philip. 4525:. (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1998), 202, 522–523. 4408:. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1973), passim. 4289:(New Jersey Land Title Association) (December 2004) XVI(4): 3, 14, 20. 4057: 4049: 3933:. (Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books, 2006), 152; and Kraft, Herbert C. 3739:

Fur, Fortune, and Empire: The Epic History of the Fur Trade in America

3588:

The Province of East New Jersey, 1609–1702: The Rebellious Proprietary

1613:

Carteret refused to give up his position as governor when demanded by

731: 5679:(Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 1997), 106; and 4777:

Scull, G. D. "Biographical Notice of Doctor Daniel Coxe, of London".

4299: 3848:

New Sweden in America: Swedish-Dutch Relations in the Delaware Valley

3680:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 to present

3614:

New Aberdeen: Or the Scotch Settlement of Monmouth County, New Jersey

2768:

which was chartered by New Jersey's royal governor ten years earlier.

2280: 1692: 1624: 1247: 1137: 696: 654: 566: 366:

and demanded the surrender of New Netherland. This event sparked the

335: 4977:

Lord Cornbury Scandal: The Politics of Reputation in British America

4927:(New York: New Jersey Publishing & Engraving Co., 1900), passim. 4599:. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 26. 4436: 4434: 3489:. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2008). 3473:. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2008). 3447: 5782: 5536:. (Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press, 2000), 45. 5209: 5207: 4902:(Philadelphia: Everts & Peck, 1881), passim; Messler, Abraham. 2873: 2793: 2292: 2264: 2260: 1822: 1404: 1231: 1103: 1098:, to establish a colony in North America north of lands granted to 782: 595: 450: 315: 303: 266: 212: 172: 139: 4873:

For a history of Palatine emigration, see: Knittle, Walter Allen.

4003:

Annals of Pennsylvania from the Discovery of the Delaware, 1609–82

3752: 3055: 1106:

colony in 1633. The charter empowered Plowden to assume the title

5573:

The History of South Carolina Under the Royal Government, 1719–76

4431: 3985:(Wilmington, Delaware: The Historical Society of Delaware, 1881). 3937:. (Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Society, 1986), 241. 3135: 2465: 2192: 1510: 1505: 1396: 1377: 1160: 805: 801: 794: 355: 143: 135: 123: 65: 57: 5225: 5223: 5204: 5177:

New Jersey Department of State, Division of Travel and Tourism.

4910:. 3 volumes. (New York: Lewis Publishing Company, 1921), passim. 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4428:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). Retrieved 15 June 2013. 3765:

Versteer, Dingman (editor). "New Amsterdam Becomes New York" in

3577:] (Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Society, 1875). 3446:

New Jersey Department of State, Division of Travel and Tourism.

370:, which led to the transfer of the territory to England per the 5558:

Namier, L. B. (July 1939). "Charles Garth and his Connexions".

4846:

Political Partisanship in the American Middle colonies, 1700–76

4832:. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999); Batinski, Michael. 4166:

Volume I. (Philadelphia: L.J. Richards & Co., 1888), 57–61.

4118: 4116: 4048:

Heite, Edward F. and Heite, Louise B. (SOPA/Camden, Delaware).

3851:(Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press, 1995), 69–89. 1559: 1223: 1147: 1118: 971: 692: 630: 306:. Settled areas of New Netherland now constitute the states of 60:

in the early seventeenth century. In 1664, at the onset of the

54: 5757:

Princeton and Rutgers: The Two Colonial Colleges of New Jersey

5698:

The Last Lords Proprietors: The West Jersey Society, 1692–1703

5588:. (Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Daily Journal Office, 1873). 5405:"Chapter II: Trenton and Trentonians in the Revolutionary Era" 5201:. (Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998), 398. 4966:. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2012). 1076: 5220: 4982: 4492: 4472:

Godfrey, Carlos E. "When Boston was New Jersey's Capital" in

3872:"Chapter Two: English and Irish Quakers Arrive at Gloucester" 3713:

New Netherland: A Dutch Colony in Seventeenth-Century America

691:

Pavonia, New Amsterdam and other settlements attacked by the

5721:. (Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Society, 1995). 5463:. (Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2008), 9. 5168:

on the Princeton University website. Retrieved 29 June 2013.

4969: 4184: 4182: 4113: 2903: 2788:

During this time, the colonial government provided generous

2304: 1868:

Nominated to replace Hamilton by the Board of Trade in 1697.

5370: 5368: 4869: 4867: 4768:. (Camden, New Jersey: Keen & Chandler, 1848), 266–268. 2628:

Assumed office 7 August 1732 when he arrived at Sandy Hook.

1702:, Barclay claimed the governorship until his death in 1690. 1027:

was left in charge when Governor Printz returned to Sweden

800:

The New Sweden Company was chartered and included Swedish,

5651: