658:
603:
622:
33:
646:
634:
54:
377:(where both the mistletoes and the flowerpeckers occur predominantly), which parallel the western coast of India infer that the flowerpecker pollinated mistletoes have particularly developed features specialized to attract a unique vector both to facilitate pollination and seed dispersal: the fruit and flowers have similar resemblance and more significantly, the fruiting time overlap with the next flowering season (Davidar, 1983). The
763:
Mallavadhani, UV, Narasimhan, K, Sudhakar, AVS, Mahapatra, A, Li, W, Breemen, RBV. “Three New
Pentacyclic Triterpenes and Some Flavonoids from the Fruits of an Indian Ayurvedic Plant Dendrophthoe falcata and Their Estrogen Receptor Binding Activity”, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 54:740-744
794:
Shihab, HM, Iqbal, AM, Sukla, M, Methedi, MM, Kumar, SS, Masami, I, Jamal, US. Antioxidant, antinociceptive activity and general toxicity study of
Dendrophthoe falcata and isolation of quercitrin as the major component. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 6:355-360
335:
show a gradual reduction in growth and diameter as compared to other healthy uninfected branches (Karunaichamy et al., 1999). This mistletoe does not have an indigenous rooting system and is dependent on the host for water and minerals.
602:
294:
linkages is known to be widespread (Wilson and Calvin, 2006). In general, haustorial connections among 72 (of the 75) aerial parasitic genera may belong to either of the four types viz., epicortical roots (ERs), clasping unions,
299:, and bark strands (Calvin and Wilson, 1998). ERs may run along the host branches in either direction forming haustorial structures at variable intervals while “unions” occur as single points of attachment of individual
424:
extracts (Pattanayak and Sunita, 2008, Shihab et al., 2006). Medicinal properties of this hemiparasite may vary in effects respective to different hosts it establishes a relation with (Mallavadhani et al., 2006).
340:
dynamics have shown that a higher titre of N, P, K, Mg and Na in the leaves of mistletoe than the leaves of uninfected and infected hosts which may be due to differential translocation of elements within the host
590:
birds, they continue to pose serious losses to economically valuable fruit trees, flowering plants and those with medicinal properties whether growing in forests, orchards or gardens (Sridhar and Rao, 1978).
804:
The Wealth of India. 2002. Raw materials, Vol- III, 4th edition, Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research New Delhi, *Reprinted by the Publication of Information Directorate, New Delhi, p. 588.
621:
757:
Karunaichamy, Kstk; Arp, K. Paliwal and P. A (1999). "Biomass and nutrient dynamics of mistletoe (Dendrophthoe falcata) and neem (Azadirachta indica) seedlings.". Current
Science 76 (6): 840–843.
345:(Surya Prakash et al., 1967; Karunaichamy et al., 1999). The haustorial connections of the parasite with the plant are devoid of any efficient retranslocation system (Smith and Stewart, 1990).
739:
Anarthe SJ, Bhalke RD, Jadhav RB, Surana SJ: In vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extract of
Dendrophthoe falcata Linn. Stem. Biomed 3(2) July–September 2008. pp. 182–189.
742:
Calvin, C. L., And C. A. Wilson. 1998. The
Haustorial System In African Loranthaceae. In R. Polhill and D. Wiens , The mistletoes of Africa, 17–36. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.
776:
Pattanayak S.P. and Sunita P.; Wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant potential of
Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f) Ettingsh. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120:241-247 (2008).
657:
331:) have been known. It is unknown about what factors decide formation of different haustorial types by the leafy mistletoe on different hosts. The host branches infected with
645:
785:
Pundir, Y.P.S. !979. A note on the biological control of
Scurrula cordifolia (Wall.) G. Don by another mistletoe in Sivalik Hills (India). Weed Research, 21:233 - 234
468:(Anarthe et al., 2008; Sastry, 1952; Pattanayak et al., 2008 ). Also, the decoction of plant used by women as an anti-fertility agent has been evidenced to possess
736:
Alekutty NA, Srinivasan KK, Gundu Rao P, Udupa AC, Keshavamurthy KR. Diuretic and antilithiatic activity of
Dendrophthoe falcata. Fitoterapia 1993;64:325-31.
539:
586:
agent. Besides, a farmer’s perspective entails that they are notorious and devastating parasitic plants. Being backed by easy seed dispersal mediated by
773:
Nath, V.R., Indira, S. 1975. Cuscuta-Reflexa a Rival to
Dendrophthoe falcata in Home Gardens. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 72:607-608.
545:
810:
Wilson, CA, Calvin, CL (2006) An Origin Of Aerial Branch Parasitism In The Mistletoe Family, Loranthaceae. American Journal of Botany 93(5): 787–796.
782:
Pundir, Y. P. S: On the cauliflorous mode of flowering cauliflory in Dendrophthoe falcata Lf Ettingsh Loranthaceae. World Weeds 3(1/2): 87-106 1996.
754:
Hambali, G. G. (1977) On mistletoe parasitism. Proceedings of the 6th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, Indonesia, 1977. pp. 58–66
760:
Kunwar, R.M., Adhikari, N., Devkota, M.P. Indigenous use of mistletoes in tropical and temperate region of Nepal, Banko Janakari 15:38-42 (2005).
751:
Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 227. June 1, 2003 Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at www.EFloras.org.
971:
239:
was described formerly as axillary or as developing from the scars of fallen leaves, but Y.P.S Pundir (1996) determined it to be of strictly
1056:
919:
932:
779:
Pattanayak, SP; Mazumder PM, Sunita P., 2008. Dendrophthoe falcata (Lf): a consensus review. Pharmacognosy Reviews 8: 359-368.
748:
Davidar, P. Similarity between Flowers and Fruits in some Flowerpecker Pollinated Mistletoes. Biotropica 15:32-37 (1983).
807:
Watson, D. 2001. Mistletoe - a keystone resource in forests and woodlands worldwide. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32: 219-249.
484:
lethality assays. Besides, a more recent work by Pattanayak et al. (2008) shows significant tumor reduction in induced
357:
are usually mediated by the birds that thrive on fruits from the parasite and/or host. Particularly in southern India,
745:
Calvin, C.L., Wilson, C.A. 2009. Epiparasitism in Phoradendron durangense and P. falcatum (Viscaceae). Aliso, 27:1–12.
278:(Calvin and Wilson, 2009) - a range which is continuously and rapidly widening to include more and more host species.
1061:
373:(Karunaichamy et al., 1999; Hambali, 1977 and references therein). Studies conducted at the higher altitudes of the
976:
958:
791:
Saxena, H.O. 1971 A parasite Viscum orientale on another Dendrophthoe falcata. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 68: 502
633:
858:
1015:
801:
Sridhar, T.S., and Rao, V.R. 1978. Dendrophthoe falcata, a menace to fruit orchards. Current Science 38: 908.
767:
Mohamed Ali, M.I., and Florence, E.J.M., 1987. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 88:275-277.
307:
on different hosts two of the haustorial kinds have been observed viz., solitary unions as on Sugar apple (
885:
880:
867:
53:
937:
788:
Sastry B. N., “The Wealth of India (Raw Materials),” Vol. III, CSIR, New Delhi, India, 1952, p. 34.
1010:
400:
is used as traditional medicine through South and Central Asia. It possesses remarkable potential as a
472:
activity (Nadkarni, 1993). The leaf ethanolic extract significantly and dose dependently inhibits the
370:
174:
270:) distinguishable by their bearing white and red flowers respectively. (Flowers of India). To date,
32:
358:
820:
445:
1051:
989:
157:
563:
522:
651:
Buds and flower mouths of red variety, showing texture of green corolla limb and bud tips.
8:
627:
Close-up of flower mouths showing reflexed corolla lobes and exserted pistil and stamens.
378:
1002:
1023:
714:
687:
453:
361:(also called the pale-billed flowerpecker) is reported to facilitate seed dispersal of
48:
984:
893:
719:
243:
nature and noted also that it bears a certain similarity to those of the fig species
1028:
898:
709:
699:
389:
flowers adding to the list of pollinators to this mistletoe (Kunwar et al., 2005).
770:
Nadkarni K.M. 1993. Indian Materia Medica, vol. I, Popular Prakashan, pp. 750
872:
688:"An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya"
559:
has been shown to act as a rival to the leafy mistletoe (Nath and Indira, 1975).
555:
417:
401:
327:
321:
309:
245:
91:
997:
843:
516:
488:
485:
409:
78:
704:
1045:
579:
476:
induced writhing in mice (Shihab et al., 2006) and has indicated a low level
428:
The whole plant is used in indigenous system of medicine as cooling, bitter,
405:
374:
315:
274:
bears the distinction of being the mistletoe species with the largest global
232:
723:
575:
571:
567:
481:
461:
413:
198:
190:
134:
124:
205:. At the moment reports say that it has around 401 plant hosts. The genus
945:
852:
511:
473:
433:
354:
231:
leaves variable in shape with stout flowers (Wealth of India. 2002). The
924:
612:
583:
492:
469:
429:
291:
287:
275:
240:
228:
114:
950:
906:
587:
296:
218:
194:
814:
837:
477:
465:
441:
437:
337:
300:
104:
963:
911:
798:
Smith, S. and Stewart, G. R., Plant Physiol., 1990, 94, 1472–1476.
421:
382:
221:(Flora of China, 2003) among which 7 species are found in India.
582:
assets with prospects extending to promises even for use as an
449:
342:
210:
566:
viewpoint mistletoes are considered as a keystone resource of
457:
202:
65:
679:
254:. Two of its varieties are widespread in India namely, var.
201:. It is the most common of all the mistletoes that occur in
366:
214:
611:(pale / 'white' variety) exhibiting its characteristic
290:, parasitic relationship through the formation of
209:comprises about 31 species spread across tropical
578:(Pattanayak et al., 2008), they possess numerous
444:(Alekutty e al., 1993) and is useful in treating
348:
1043:
686:O'Neill, Alexander; Rana, Santosh (2017-07-16).
685:
543:(another mistletoe) (Pundir, 1979). Similarly,
464:and vesical calculi and vitiated conditions of
385:are also known to feed on the nectar from the
381:(sometimes called the spangled drongo) and
281:
31:
713:
703:
692:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
495:when fed with hydroalcoholic extracts of
313:), and epicortical roots as on Sapota (
1044:
819:
818:
553:(Saxena, 1971). In another instance
570:(Watson, 2001) and from that of an
529:
510:is susceptible to diseases such as
13:
549:has also been reported to grow on
526:(Mohamed Ali and Florence, 1987).
14:
1073:
392:
303:hence pronounced as solitary. In
1057:Flora of the Indian subcontinent
1016:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:112395-3
656:
644:
632:
620:
601:
52:
349:Seed dispersal and pollination
1:
672:
639:Elongate buds of red variety.
369:through fecal excretions or
7:
502:
10:
1078:
594:
193:plants that belong to the
827:
705:10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y
404:, as is evident from the
268:red honeysuckle mistletoe
163:
156:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
1062:Medicinal plants of Asia
564:conservation biologists’
282:Host-parasite interface
227:bears grey bark, thick
537:can be parasitised by
446:pulmonary tuberculosis
359:Tickel’s flowerpecker
260:honeysuckle mistletoe
859:Dendrophthoe falcata
829:Dendrophthoe falcata
665:Dendrophthoe falcata
609:Dendrophthoe falcata
535:Dendrophthoe falcata
523:Glomerella cingulata
508:Dendrophthoe falcata
398:Dendrophthoe falcata
186:Dendrophthoe falcata
167:Dendrophthoe falcata
43:in Hyderabad, India
41:Dendrophthoe falcata
25:Dendrophthoe falcata
16:Species of mistletoe
540:Scurrula cordifolia
456:, swelling wounds,
454:menstrual disorders
379:hair-crested drongo
353:Seed dispersal and
493:Wistar female rats
420:properties of its
1039:
1038:
985:Open Tree of Life
821:Taxon identifiers
182:
181:
1069:
1032:
1031:
1019:
1018:
1006:
1005:
993:
992:
980:
979:
967:
966:
954:
953:
941:
940:
928:
927:
915:
914:
902:
901:
889:
888:
876:
875:
863:
862:
861:
848:
847:
846:
816:
815:
728:
727:
717:
707:
683:
660:
648:
636:
624:
605:
576:pharmacologist’s
572:ethnobiologist’s
546:Viscum orientale
530:Hyper-parasitism
325:), pomegranate (
169:
57:
56:
35:
21:
20:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1001:
996:
988:
983:
975:
970:
962:
957:
949:
944:
936:
931:
923:
918:
910:
905:
897:
892:
884:
879:
871:
866:
857:
856:
851:
842:
841:
836:
823:
813:
732:
731:
684:
680:
675:
668:
661:
652:
649:
640:
637:
628:
625:
616:
606:
597:
556:Cuscuta reflexa
532:
505:
466:kapha and pitta
418:antinociceptive
402:medicinal plant
395:
351:
328:Punica granatum
322:Psidium guajava
310:Annona squamosa
284:
246:Ficus glomerata
178:
171:
165:
152:
149:D. falcata
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1075:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:wfo-0000641204
1020:
1007:
994:
981:
968:
955:
942:
929:
916:
903:
890:
877:
864:
849:
833:
831:
825:
824:
812:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
733:
730:
729:
677:
676:
674:
671:
670:
669:
662:
655:
653:
650:
643:
641:
638:
631:
629:
626:
619:
617:
607:
600:
596:
593:
580:ethnomedicinal
531:
528:
517:Colletotrichum
504:
501:
489:carcinogenesis
410:anti-microbial
394:
393:Medicinal uses
391:
371:regurgitations
350:
347:
283:
280:
189:is one of the
180:
179:
172:
161:
160:
154:
153:
146:
144:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
76:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1074:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
973:
969:
965:
960:
956:
952:
947:
943:
939:
934:
930:
926:
921:
917:
913:
908:
904:
900:
895:
891:
887:
882:
878:
874:
869:
865:
860:
854:
850:
845:
839:
835:
834:
832:
830:
826:
822:
817:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
734:
725:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
697:
693:
689:
682:
678:
666:
659:
654:
647:
642:
635:
630:
623:
618:
614:
610:
604:
599:
598:
592:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
557:
552:
548:
547:
542:
541:
536:
527:
525:
524:
519:
518:
513:
509:
500:
498:
494:
490:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:wound healing
403:
399:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Western Ghats
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
346:
344:
339:
334:
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
317:
316:Achras zapota
312:
311:
306:
302:
298:
293:
289:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:, F. pomifera
247:
242:
238:
234:
233:inflorescence
230:
226:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:hemiparasitic
188:
187:
176:
170:
168:
162:
159:
158:Binomial name
155:
151:
150:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:Tracheophytes
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1052:Dendrophthoe
828:
695:
691:
681:
664:
608:
568:biodiversity
561:
554:
550:
544:
538:
534:
533:
521:
515:
507:
506:
496:
482:brine shrimp
427:
414:anti-oxidant
397:
396:
386:
362:
352:
332:
326:
320:
314:
308:
304:
285:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
244:
241:cauliflorous
236:
224:
223:
207:Dendrophthoe
206:
199:Loranthaceae
185:
184:
183:
166:
164:
148:
147:
136:Dendrophthoe
135:
125:Loranthaceae
98:
85:
72:
40:
24:
18:
1003:kew-2760884
946:iNaturalist
853:Wikispecies
588:frugivorous
512:leaf blight
474:acetic acid
434:aphrodisiac
355:pollination
288:angiosperms
262:) and var.
92:Angiosperms
1046:Categories
998:Plant List
698:(14): 14.
673:References
663:Fruits of
613:cauliflory
584:anti-tumor
551:D. falcata
514:caused by
497:D. falcata
470:anticancer
430:astringent
363:D. falcata
319:), guava (
297:wood roses
292:haustorial
276:host range
252:F. hispida
229:coriaceous
177:) Ettingsh
115:Santalales
520:stage of
422:ethanolic
387:D.falcata
333:D.falcata
305:D.falcata
301:parasites
272:D.falcata
237:D.falcata
225:D.falcata
219:Australia
195:mistletoe
143:Species:
62:Kingdom:
964:548263-1
844:Q5256810
838:Wikidata
724:26912113
503:Diseases
478:toxicity
442:diuretic
438:narcotic
383:sunbirds
338:Nutrient
264:coccinea
121:Family:
105:Eudicots
990:1031064
925:7288062
795:(2006).
764:(2006).
715:4765049
595:Gallery
574:and/or
562:From a
486:mammary
480:in the
256:falcata
197:family
131:Genus:
111:Order:
66:Plantae
977:160049
951:427493
938:423381
886:494449
722:
712:
458:ulcers
450:asthma
365:among
343:phloem
286:Among
217:, and
211:Africa
912:DNDFA
899:34RMS
873:87056
462:renal
203:India
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
1011:POWO
972:NCBI
959:IPNI
933:GRIN
920:GBIF
907:EPPO
881:BOLD
868:APNI
720:PMID
440:and
416:and
367:Neem
250:and
215:Asia
175:L.f.
1024:WFO
894:CoL
710:PMC
700:doi
491:in
235:of
1048::
1026::
1013::
1000::
987::
974::
961::
948::
935::
922::
909::
896::
883::
870::
855::
840::
718:.
708:.
696:12
694:.
690:.
499:.
460:,
452:,
448:,
436:,
432:,
412:,
408:,
213:,
101::
88::
75::
726:.
702::
667:.
615:.
266:(
258:(
173:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
