905:
889:
825:
857:
31:
841:
53:
809:
1946:
873:
1915:
1207:
314:
When only these families are recognized, one possible phylogenetic relationship among them is shown below. Support for some of the nodes is weak, and at least two families, Olacaceae
266:
but new family limits were not proposed as relationships were considered uncertain. As of July 2021, this seven-family division of the
Santalales was explicitly accepted by the
911:
223:
within their shoots (1/5 to 1/10 of that found in their host's foliage), and derive the majority of their sustenance from their hosts' vascular tissues (water,
831:
904:
967:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV".
879:
863:
2104:
2143:
1234:
888:
2078:
1282:
969:
2117:
544:
A summary of the circumscription and phylogeny of the
Santalales published in 2020 used 20 rather than seven families. Olacaceae
1193:
1120:
2122:
824:
1000:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
2241:
2220:
2148:
1227:
1047:
2215:
2130:
1261:
1287:
1277:
856:
557:
840:
2031:
2026:
2013:
2279:
1949:
1220:
271:
52:
274:, in that it accepted none of the extra families recognized by other sources. The seven families are:
2246:
2158:
1136:
1112:
177:
1272:
1202:
808:
847:
2274:
2184:
1966:
2179:
180:, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its
2171:
2109:
872:
2052:
2004:
209:, but tapping the stems or roots of other plants to obtain water and minerals; some (e.g.
8:
2269:
815:
39:
30:
2228:
1933:
1267:
1105:
936:
267:
149:
47:
1212:
2166:
2039:
1927:
1742:
1189:
1173:
1116:
1016:
999:
2233:
1939:
1524:
1353:
1323:
1181:
1177:
1085:
1021:
1011:
978:
729:
698:
2018:
2044:
1827:
1685:
1335:
1298:
1244:
792:
781:
686:
367:
278:
202:
173:
169:
90:
2135:
1850:
1807:
1752:
1424:
1348:
895:
758:
421:
288:
255:
239:
206:
77:
2207:
1076:
Nickrent, Daniel L. (2020). "Parasitic angiosperms: How often and how many?".
2263:
1729:
1690:
1622:
1540:
1400:
1248:
719:
690:
436:
308:
251:
228:
224:
116:
2197:
1989:
1797:
1652:
1632:
1582:
1514:
1482:
1477:
1430:
764:
723:
399:
283:
211:
2091:
1998:
1865:
1860:
1789:
1705:
1627:
1569:
1558:
1459:
1448:
1418:
1390:
1317:
752:
491:
303:
220:
1845:
1822:
1700:
1695:
1675:
1637:
1553:
1436:
1375:
1367:
1026:
746:
733:
714:
694:
476:
298:
181:
1089:
983:
193:
is the common name for a number of parasitic plants within the order.
2096:
2065:
1875:
1855:
1812:
1802:
1519:
1380:
1311:
770:
740:
342:
293:
263:
190:
1960:
2192:
2083:
1983:
1870:
1779:
1774:
1762:
1710:
1680:
1604:
1501:
1467:
1442:
1385:
216:
185:
103:
2070:
1914:
1837:
1817:
1667:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1529:
1880:
1614:
1592:
1472:
1412:
560:
accepted the families resulting from the division of
Olacaceae
2057:
316:
64:
1166:
Dwarf mistletoes : biology, pathology, and systematics
235:
1107:
An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
997:
966:
1172:
1242:
205:, mostly hemiparasites, able to produce sugars through
1203:
Santalales on the
Parasitic Plant Connection web page
242:(seed coats), which is unusual for flowering plants.
254:of 2016 includes seven families. As in the earlier
1104:
579:Santalales families according to Nickrent (2020)
548:was divided into seven families, Balanophoraceae
2261:
568:but not those from the division of Santalaceae
1228:
1168:. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. p. 409.
697:Santaliflorae (also called Santalanae). The
1129:
937:"Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl"
1235:
1221:
1163:
29:
1102:
1025:
1015:
982:
800:
1186:Phylogeny & Evolution of Angiosperms
1075:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1004:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
970:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1041:
1039:
1037:
962:
960:
958:
956:
2262:
556:into seven. As of July 2021, the
552:was divided into two, and Santalaceae
1965:
1964:
1216:
1096:
1064:
991:
931:
929:
201:Many of the members of the order are
2221:0fb40df1-8798-48bd-a6bd-de71c997c689
2159:212aa404-dfcb-4d8b-ab4e-f2f9b6bc30db
1034:
953:
1188:. Sinauer Associates. p. 370.
1045:
998:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
712:family Medusandraceae – sole genus
13:
926:
701:(1981) used this circumscription:
680:
14:
2291:
258:, it was accepted that Olacaceae
245:
1945:
1944:
1913:
1017:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
903:
887:
871:
855:
839:
823:
807:
51:
131:R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
1:
919:
693:, the Santalales were in the
219:, have low concentrations of
1147:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1052:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
558:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
7:
196:
10:
2296:
1145:Plants of the World Online
788:in the seven-family system
777:in the seven-family system
272:Plants of the World Online
1973:
1922:
1911:
1836:
1788:
1770:
1761:
1738:
1727:
1666:
1613:
1600:
1591:
1578:
1567:
1549:
1538:
1510:
1499:
1458:
1408:
1399:
1366:
1362:
1344:
1333:
1307:
1296:
1256:
1113:Columbia University Press
489:
474:
467:
434:
419:
412:
397:
390:
383:
365:
358:
340:
333:
324:, are not monophyletic:
178:cosmopolitan distribution
155:
148:
141:
136:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
16:Order of flowering plants
784:- sunk into Santalaceae
773:- sunk into Santalaceae
1164:Hawksworth, FG (1996).
848:Misodendrum punctulatum
1103:Cronquist, A. (1981).
912:Schoepfia brasiliensis
801:Gallery of type genera
2180:Paleobiology Database
1208:NCBI Taxonomy Browser
1180:; Endress, Peter K.;
687:classification system
564:and Balanophoraceae
320:and Balanophoraceae
270:, and implicitly by
832:Loranthus europaeus
816:Balanophora fungosa
580:
40:Santalum haleakalae
1174:Soltis, Douglas E.
941:World Flora Online
574:
268:World Flora Online
2280:Angiosperm orders
2257:
2256:
2167:Open Tree of Life
1967:Taxon identifiers
1958:
1957:
1928:Basal angiosperms
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1743:Berberidopsidales
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1195:978-0-87893-817-9
1178:Soltis, Pamela S.
1122:978-0-231-03880-5
1090:10.1002/tax.12195
984:10.1111/boj.12385
678:
677:
541:
540:
532:
531:
523:
522:
514:
513:
505:
504:
456:
455:
447:
446:
162:
161:
132:
2287:
2250:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2139:
2138:
2136:NHMSYS0000066693
2126:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2099:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2047:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2021:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1962:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1917:
1768:
1767:
1736:
1735:
1598:
1597:
1576:
1575:
1547:
1546:
1508:
1507:
1406:
1405:
1364:
1363:
1342:
1341:
1324:Austrobaileyales
1305:
1304:
1283:Acrogymnospermae
1245:flowering plants
1237:
1230:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1199:
1169:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1110:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1073:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1043:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1019:
995:
989:
988:
986:
964:
951:
950:
948:
947:
933:
907:
891:
880:Opilia amentacea
875:
859:
843:
827:
811:
730:Dipentodontaceae
705:order Santalales
699:Cronquist system
634:Mystropetalaceae
628:Balanophoraceae
622:Balanophoraceae
581:
575:Division of the
573:
470:
469:
415:
414:
393:
392:
386:
385:
361:
360:
336:
335:
328:
327:
231:, and sucrose).
203:parasitic plants
174:flowering plants
130:
56:
55:
33:
21:
20:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2134:
2129:
2121:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1969:
1959:
1954:
1918:
1885:
1832:
1784:
1757:
1732:
1715:
1686:Crossosomatales
1662:
1609:
1587:
1572:
1563:
1543:
1534:
1525:Trochodendrales
1504:
1487:
1454:
1395:
1358:
1354:Ceratophyllales
1338:
1329:
1301:
1292:
1273:Marchantiophyta
1252:
1241:
1196:
1160:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1101:
1097:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1044:
1035:
996:
992:
965:
954:
945:
943:
935:
934:
927:
922:
915:
908:
899:
892:
883:
876:
867:
860:
851:
844:
835:
828:
819:
812:
803:
793:Balanophoraceae
782:Eremolepidaceae
732:– now in order
683:
681:Earlier systems
652:Cervantesiaceae
649:Amphorogynaceae
598:Erythropalaceae
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
457:
448:
368:Balanophoraceae
279:Balanophoraceae
248:
215:) are obligate
199:
157:Balanophorales
129:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2293:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2238:
2234:wfo-9000000477
2225:
2212:
2202:
2189:
2176:
2163:
2153:
2140:
2127:
2114:
2101:
2088:
2075:
2062:
2049:
2036:
2023:
2010:
1995:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1828:Paracryphiales
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1753:Caryophyllales
1750:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1336:Mesangiosperms
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Polypodiophyta
1275:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1184:(2005-06-15).
1182:Chase, Mark W.
1170:
1158:
1157:
1128:
1121:
1095:
1063:
1046:Stevens, P.F.
1033:
1010:(2): 105–121.
990:
952:
924:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
909:
902:
900:
896:Santalum album
893:
886:
884:
877:
870:
868:
864:Olax imbricata
861:
854:
852:
845:
838:
836:
829:
822:
820:
813:
806:
802:
799:
798:
797:
796:
795:
789:
778:
767:
761:
759:Misodendraceae
755:
749:
743:
737:
726:
718:now in family
707:
706:
682:
679:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
671:
668:
665:
659:
656:
653:
650:
639:
638:
637:
636:
635:
632:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
611:
610:Strombosiaceae
608:
602:
599:
596:
593:
539:
538:
535:
534:
530:
529:
526:
525:
521:
520:
517:
516:
512:
511:
508:
507:
503:
502:
499:
498:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
473:
468:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
454:
453:
450:
449:
445:
444:
441:
440:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:Misodendraceae
418:
413:
411:
408:
407:
404:
403:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
364:
359:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
339:
334:
332:
326:
312:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
289:Misodendraceae
286:
281:
256:APG III system
247:
246:Classification
244:
229:macronutrients
207:photosynthesis
198:
195:
189:(sandalwood).
160:
159:
153:
152:
146:
145:
139:
138:
134:
133:
124:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2292:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:Superasterids
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:Metteniusales
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Escalloniales
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1730:Superasterids
1726:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Zygophyllales
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:Core eudicots
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1425:Petrosaviales
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:Chloranthales
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
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1295:
1289:
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1197:
1191:
1187:
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1023:
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748:
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742:
738:
735:
731:
727:
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721:
720:Peridiscaceae
717:
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709:
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633:
631:
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621:
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619:
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601:Octoknemaceae
600:
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584:
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451:
443:
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438:
437:Schoepfiaceae
432:
431:
428:
427:
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423:
417:
416:
410:
409:
406:
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402:
401:
395:
394:
388:
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348:
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344:
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330:
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318:
310:
309:Schoepfiaceae
307:
305:
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297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:APG IV system
243:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
194:
192:
188:
187:
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147:
144:
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135:
128:
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118:
117:Superasterids
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
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92:
89:
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83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1974:
1798:Aquifoliales
1747:
1691:Picramniales
1653:Cucurbitales
1633:Malpighiales
1583:Saxifragales
1515:Ranunculales
1483:Zingiberales
1478:Commelinales
1431:Dioscoreales
1312:Amborellales
1288:Angiospermae
1185:
1165:
1149:. Retrieved
1144:
1138:
1131:
1111:. New York:
1106:
1098:
1081:
1077:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1048:"Santalales"
1007:
1003:
993:
974:
968:
944:. Retrieved
940:
910:
894:
878:
862:
846:
830:
814:
785:
774:
765:Loranthaceae
724:Saxifragales
713:
684:
662:
661:Santalaceae
655:Comandraceae
644:
643:Santalaceae
629:
623:
605:
592:Aptandraceae
587:
576:
569:
565:
561:
553:
549:
545:
543:
494:
490:
475:
435:
420:
400:Loranthaceae
398:
370:
366:
345:
341:
321:
315:
313:
284:Loranthaceae
264:paraphyletic
259:
249:
233:
212:Arceuthobium
210:
200:
184:
165:
163:
156:
142:
126:
110:
97:
84:
71:
38:
18:
2092:iNaturalist
1999:Wikispecies
1866:Gentianales
1861:Boraginales
1790:Campanulids
1706:Brassicales
1628:Celastrales
1570:Superrosids
1559:Dilleniales
1460:Commelinids
1449:Asparagales
1419:Alismatales
1391:Magnoliales
1318:Nymphaeales
1299:Angiosperms
1260:Supergroup
1084:(1): 5–27.
1027:10654/18083
977:(1): 1–20.
753:Santalaceae
658:Nanodeaceae
613:Ximeniaceae
492:Santalaceae
331:Santalales
304:Santalaceae
221:chlorophyll
91:Angiosperms
24:Santalales
2270:Santalales
2264:Categories
2005:Santalales
1975:Santalales
1934:Alismatids
1846:Icacinales
1823:Dipsacales
1748:Santalales
1701:Huerteales
1696:Sapindales
1676:Geraniales
1638:Oxalidales
1554:Gunnerales
1437:Pandanales
1376:Canellales
1368:Magnoliids
1243:Orders of
1151:2021-07-20
1139:Medusandra
1057:2021-07-20
946:2021-07-20
920:References
747:Opiliaceae
734:Huerteales
715:Medusandra
695:superorder
667:Thesiaceae
604:Olacaceae
586:Olacaceae
577:sensu lato
477:Opiliaceae
299:Opiliaceae
260:sensu lato
234:Most have
182:type genus
166:Santalales
127:Santalales
1881:Vahliales
1876:Solanales
1856:Garryales
1813:Bruniales
1803:Asterales
1520:Proteales
1381:Piperales
1268:Bryophyta
771:Viscaceae
741:Olacaceae
736:in APG IV
670:Viscaceae
595:Coulaceae
343:Olacaceae
294:Olacaceae
217:parasites
191:Mistletoe
143:See text
137:Families
61:Kingdom:
2216:VicFlora
2205:VASCAN:
2198:43000061
2193:Tropicos
1984:Wikidata
1950:Category
1940:Lilioids
1871:Lamiales
1780:Ericales
1775:Cornales
1763:Asterids
1711:Malvales
1681:Myrtales
1502:Eudicots
1468:Arecales
1443:Liliales
1413:Acorales
1401:Monocots
1386:Laurales
722:, order
691:Dahlgren
238:without
197:Overview
186:Santalum
150:Synonyms
104:Eudicots
1838:Lamiids
1818:Apiales
1668:Malvids
1658:Fagales
1648:Rosales
1643:Fabales
1605:Vitales
1530:Buxales
1141:Brenan"
791:family
780:family
769:family
763:family
757:family
751:family
745:family
739:family
728:family
685:In the
176:with a
168:are an
123:Order:
65:Plantae
2247:425969
2172:648888
2156:NZOR:
2032:124522
2019:214982
1990:Q21851
1615:Fabids
1593:Rosids
1473:Poales
1249:APG IV
1192:
1119:
240:testae
225:micro-
2242:WoRMS
2185:54929
2149:41947
2123:27840
2110:12388
2105:IRMNG
2097:49669
2071:1SANO
1262:Plant
1078:Taxon
236:seeds
170:order
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
2144:NCBI
2118:ITIS
2079:GBIF
2066:EPPO
2058:4401
2027:BOLD
2014:APNI
1190:ISBN
1117:ISBN
786:s.l.
775:s.l.
663:s.s.
645:s.l.
630:s.s.
624:s.l.
606:s.s.
588:s.l.
570:s.l.
566:s.l.
562:s.l.
554:s.l.
550:s.l.
546:s.l.
495:s.l.
371:s.l.
346:s.l.
322:s.l.
317:s.l.
262:was
250:The
227:and
164:The
2229:WFO
2131:NBN
2084:934
2053:EoL
2045:3ZX
2040:CoL
1086:doi
1022:hdl
1012:doi
1008:161
979:doi
975:181
689:of
172:of
2266::
2244::
2231::
2218::
2208:63
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2068::
2055::
2042::
2029::
2016::
2001::
1986::
1176:;
1143:.
1115:.
1082:69
1080:.
1066:^
1050:.
1036:^
1020:.
1006:.
1002:.
973:.
955:^
939:.
928:^
113::
100::
87::
74::
1938:³
1932:²
1926:¹
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1326:¹
1320:¹
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1264::
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1229:t
1222:v
1198:.
1154:.
1137:"
1125:.
1092:.
1088::
1060:.
1030:.
1024::
1014::
987:.
981::
949:.
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