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Santalales

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When only these families are recognized, one possible phylogenetic relationship among them is shown below. Support for some of the nodes is weak, and at least two families, Olacaceae
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but new family limits were not proposed as relationships were considered uncertain. As of July 2021, this seven-family division of the Santalales was explicitly accepted by the
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within their shoots (1/5 to 1/10 of that found in their host's foliage), and derive the majority of their sustenance from their hosts' vascular tissues (water,
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Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV".
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A summary of the circumscription and phylogeny of the Santalales published in 2020 used 20 rather than seven families. Olacaceae
1193: 1120: 2122: 824: 1000:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" 2241: 2220: 2148: 1227: 1047: 2215: 2130: 1261: 1287: 1277: 856: 557: 840: 2031: 2026: 2013: 2279: 1949: 1220: 271: 52: 274:, in that it accepted none of the extra families recognized by other sources. The seven families are: 2246: 2158: 1136: 1112: 177: 1272: 1202: 808: 847: 2274: 2184: 1966: 2179: 180:, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its 2171: 2109: 872: 2052: 2004: 209:, but tapping the stems or roots of other plants to obtain water and minerals; some (e.g. 8: 2269: 815: 39: 30: 2228: 1933: 1267: 1105: 936: 267: 149: 47: 1212: 2166: 2039: 1927: 1742: 1189: 1173: 1116: 1016: 999: 2233: 1939: 1524: 1353: 1323: 1181: 1177: 1085: 1021: 1011: 978: 729: 698: 2018: 2044: 1827: 1685: 1335: 1298: 1244: 792: 781: 686: 367: 278: 202: 173: 169: 90: 2135: 1850: 1807: 1752: 1424: 1348: 895: 758: 421: 288: 255: 239: 206: 77: 2207: 1076:
Nickrent, Daniel L. (2020). "Parasitic angiosperms: How often and how many?".
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is the common name for a number of parasitic plants within the order.
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accepted the families resulting from the division of Olacaceae
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Dwarf mistletoes : biology, pathology, and systematics
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An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
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Santalales on the Parasitic Plant Connection web page
242:(seed coats), which is unusual for flowering plants. 254:of 2016 includes seven families. As in the earlier 1104: 579:Santalales families according to Nickrent (2020) 548:was divided into seven families, Balanophoraceae 2261: 568:but not those from the division of Santalaceae 1228: 1168:. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. p. 409. 697:Santaliflorae (also called Santalanae). The 1129: 937:"Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl" 1235: 1221: 1163: 29: 1102: 1025: 1015: 982: 800: 1186:Phylogeny & Evolution of Angiosperms 1075: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1004:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 970:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 1041: 1039: 1037: 962: 960: 958: 956: 2262: 556:into seven. As of July 2021, the 552:was divided into two, and Santalaceae 1965: 1964: 1216: 1096: 1064: 991: 931: 929: 201:Many of the members of the order are 2221:0fb40df1-8798-48bd-a6bd-de71c997c689 2159:212aa404-dfcb-4d8b-ab4e-f2f9b6bc30db 1034: 953: 1188:. Sinauer Associates. p. 370. 1045: 998:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). 712:family Medusandraceae – sole genus 13: 926: 701:(1981) used this circumscription: 680: 14: 2291: 258:, it was accepted that Olacaceae 245: 1945: 1944: 1913: 1017:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x 903: 887: 871: 855: 839: 823: 807: 51: 131:R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl 1: 919: 693:, the Santalales were in the 219:, have low concentrations of 1147:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1052:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website 558:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website 7: 196: 10: 2296: 1145:Plants of the World Online 788:in the seven-family system 777:in the seven-family system 272:Plants of the World Online 1973: 1922: 1911: 1836: 1788: 1770: 1761: 1738: 1727: 1666: 1613: 1600: 1591: 1578: 1567: 1549: 1538: 1510: 1499: 1458: 1408: 1399: 1366: 1362: 1344: 1333: 1307: 1296: 1256: 1113:Columbia University Press 489: 474: 467: 434: 419: 412: 397: 390: 383: 365: 358: 340: 333: 324:, are not monophyletic: 178:cosmopolitan distribution 155: 148: 141: 136: 48:Scientific classification 46: 37: 28: 23: 16:Order of flowering plants 784:- sunk into Santalaceae 773:- sunk into Santalaceae 1164:Hawksworth, FG (1996). 848:Misodendrum punctulatum 1103:Cronquist, A. (1981). 912:Schoepfia brasiliensis 801:Gallery of type genera 2180:Paleobiology Database 1208:NCBI Taxonomy Browser 1180:; Endress, Peter K.; 687:classification system 564:and Balanophoraceae 320:and Balanophoraceae 270:, and implicitly by 832:Loranthus europaeus 816:Balanophora fungosa 580: 40:Santalum haleakalae 1174:Soltis, Douglas E. 941:World Flora Online 574: 268:World Flora Online 2280:Angiosperm orders 2257: 2256: 2167:Open Tree of Life 1967:Taxon identifiers 1958: 1957: 1928:Basal angiosperms 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1743:Berberidopsidales 1723: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1195:978-0-87893-817-9 1178:Soltis, Pamela S. 1122:978-0-231-03880-5 1090:10.1002/tax.12195 984:10.1111/boj.12385 678: 677: 541: 540: 532: 531: 523: 522: 514: 513: 505: 504: 456: 455: 447: 446: 162: 161: 132: 2287: 2250: 2249: 2237: 2236: 2224: 2223: 2211: 2210: 2201: 2200: 2188: 2187: 2175: 2174: 2162: 2161: 2152: 2151: 2139: 2138: 2136:NHMSYS0000066693 2126: 2125: 2113: 2112: 2100: 2099: 2087: 2086: 2074: 2073: 2061: 2060: 2048: 2047: 2035: 2034: 2022: 2021: 2009: 2008: 2007: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1962: 1961: 1948: 1947: 1917: 1768: 1767: 1736: 1735: 1598: 1597: 1576: 1575: 1547: 1546: 1508: 1507: 1406: 1405: 1364: 1363: 1342: 1341: 1324:Austrobaileyales 1305: 1304: 1283:Acrogymnospermae 1245:flowering plants 1237: 1230: 1223: 1214: 1213: 1199: 1169: 1156: 1155: 1153: 1152: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1110: 1100: 1094: 1093: 1073: 1062: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1043: 1032: 1031: 1029: 1019: 995: 989: 988: 986: 964: 951: 950: 948: 947: 933: 907: 891: 880:Opilia amentacea 875: 859: 843: 827: 811: 730:Dipentodontaceae 705:order Santalales 699:Cronquist system 634:Mystropetalaceae 628:Balanophoraceae 622:Balanophoraceae 581: 575:Division of the 573: 470: 469: 415: 414: 393: 392: 386: 385: 361: 360: 336: 335: 328: 327: 231:, and sucrose). 203:parasitic plants 174:flowering plants 130: 56: 55: 33: 21: 20: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2253: 2245: 2240: 2232: 2227: 2219: 2214: 2206: 2204: 2196: 2191: 2183: 2178: 2170: 2165: 2157: 2155: 2147: 2142: 2134: 2129: 2121: 2116: 2108: 2103: 2095: 2090: 2082: 2077: 2069: 2064: 2056: 2051: 2043: 2038: 2030: 2025: 2017: 2012: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1969: 1959: 1954: 1918: 1885: 1832: 1784: 1757: 1732: 1715: 1686:Crossosomatales 1662: 1609: 1587: 1572: 1563: 1543: 1534: 1525:Trochodendrales 1504: 1487: 1454: 1395: 1358: 1354:Ceratophyllales 1338: 1329: 1301: 1292: 1273:Marchantiophyta 1252: 1241: 1196: 1160: 1159: 1150: 1148: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1123: 1101: 1097: 1074: 1065: 1056: 1054: 1044: 1035: 996: 992: 965: 954: 945: 943: 935: 934: 927: 922: 915: 908: 899: 892: 883: 876: 867: 860: 851: 844: 835: 828: 819: 812: 803: 793:Balanophoraceae 782:Eremolepidaceae 732:– now in order 683: 681:Earlier systems 652:Cervantesiaceae 649:Amphorogynaceae 598:Erythropalaceae 542: 533: 524: 515: 506: 457: 448: 368:Balanophoraceae 279:Balanophoraceae 248: 215:) are obligate 199: 157:Balanophorales 129: 50: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2293: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2251: 2238: 2234:wfo-9000000477 2225: 2212: 2202: 2189: 2176: 2163: 2153: 2140: 2127: 2114: 2101: 2088: 2075: 2062: 2049: 2036: 2023: 2010: 1995: 1979: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1952: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1830: 1828:Paracryphiales 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1753:Caryophyllales 1750: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1672: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1579: 1573: 1568: 1565: 1564: 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682: 679: 676: 675: 674: 673: 672: 671: 668: 665: 659: 656: 653: 650: 639: 638: 637: 636: 635: 632: 618: 617: 616: 615: 614: 611: 610:Strombosiaceae 608: 602: 599: 596: 593: 539: 538: 535: 534: 530: 529: 526: 525: 521: 520: 517: 516: 512: 511: 508: 507: 503: 502: 499: 498: 488: 485: 484: 481: 480: 473: 468: 466: 463: 462: 459: 458: 454: 453: 450: 449: 445: 444: 441: 440: 433: 430: 429: 426: 425: 422:Misodendraceae 418: 413: 411: 408: 407: 404: 403: 396: 391: 389: 384: 382: 379: 378: 375: 374: 364: 359: 357: 354: 353: 350: 349: 339: 334: 332: 326: 312: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 289:Misodendraceae 286: 281: 256:APG III system 247: 246:Classification 244: 229:macronutrients 207:photosynthesis 198: 195: 189:(sandalwood). 160: 159: 153: 152: 146: 145: 139: 138: 134: 133: 124: 120: 119: 114: 107: 106: 101: 94: 93: 88: 81: 80: 75: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 44: 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2292: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2275:Superasterids 2273: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1951: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1916: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1851:Metteniusales 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1808:Escalloniales 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1730:Superasterids 1726: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1623:Zygophyllales 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1541:Core eudicots 1537: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1498: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1425:Petrosaviales 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1349:Chloranthales 1347: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1332: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1132: 1124: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1108: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1053: 1049: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 994: 985: 980: 976: 972: 971: 963: 961: 959: 957: 942: 938: 932: 930: 925: 914: 913: 906: 901: 898: 897: 890: 885: 882: 881: 874: 869: 866: 865: 858: 853: 850: 849: 842: 837: 834: 833: 826: 821: 818: 817: 810: 805: 804: 794: 790: 787: 783: 779: 776: 772: 768: 766: 762: 760: 756: 754: 750: 748: 744: 742: 738: 735: 731: 727: 725: 721: 720:Peridiscaceae 717: 716: 711: 710: 709: 708: 704: 703: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 669: 666: 664: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 647: 646: 642: 641: 640: 633: 631: 627: 626: 625: 621: 620: 619: 612: 609: 607: 603: 601:Octoknemaceae 600: 597: 594: 591: 590: 589: 585: 584: 583: 582: 578: 572: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 537: 536: 528: 527: 519: 518: 510: 509: 501: 500: 497: 496: 493: 487: 486: 483: 482: 479: 478: 472: 471: 465: 464: 461: 460: 452: 451: 443: 442: 439: 438: 437:Schoepfiaceae 432: 431: 428: 427: 424: 423: 417: 416: 410: 409: 406: 405: 402: 401: 395: 394: 388: 387: 381: 380: 377: 376: 373: 372: 369: 363: 362: 356: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 344: 338: 337: 330: 329: 325: 323: 319: 318: 310: 309:Schoepfiaceae 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 276: 275: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 252:APG IV system 243: 241: 237: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 213: 208: 204: 194: 192: 188: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 158: 154: 151: 147: 144: 140: 135: 128: 125: 122: 121: 118: 117:Superasterids 115: 112: 109: 108: 105: 102: 99: 96: 95: 92: 89: 86: 83: 82: 79: 78:Tracheophytes 76: 73: 70: 69: 66: 63: 60: 59: 54: 49: 45: 42: 41: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 1974: 1798:Aquifoliales 1747: 1691:Picramniales 1653:Cucurbitales 1633:Malpighiales 1583:Saxifragales 1515:Ranunculales 1483:Zingiberales 1478:Commelinales 1431:Dioscoreales 1312:Amborellales 1288:Angiospermae 1185: 1165: 1149:. Retrieved 1144: 1138: 1131: 1111:. New York: 1106: 1098: 1081: 1077: 1055:. Retrieved 1051: 1048:"Santalales" 1007: 1003: 993: 974: 968: 944:. Retrieved 940: 910: 894: 878: 862: 846: 830: 814: 785: 774: 765:Loranthaceae 724:Saxifragales 713: 684: 662: 661:Santalaceae 655:Comandraceae 644: 643:Santalaceae 629: 623: 605: 592:Aptandraceae 587: 576: 569: 565: 561: 553: 549: 545: 543: 494: 490: 475: 435: 420: 400:Loranthaceae 398: 370: 366: 345: 341: 321: 315: 313: 284:Loranthaceae 264:paraphyletic 259: 249: 233: 212:Arceuthobium 210: 200: 184: 165: 163: 156: 142: 126: 110: 97: 84: 71: 38: 18: 2092:iNaturalist 1999:Wikispecies 1866:Gentianales 1861:Boraginales 1790:Campanulids 1706:Brassicales 1628:Celastrales 1570:Superrosids 1559:Dilleniales 1460:Commelinids 1449:Asparagales 1419:Alismatales 1391:Magnoliales 1318:Nymphaeales 1299:Angiosperms 1260:Supergroup 1084:(1): 5–27. 1027:10654/18083 977:(1): 1–20. 753:Santalaceae 658:Nanodeaceae 613:Ximeniaceae 492:Santalaceae 331:Santalales 304:Santalaceae 221:chlorophyll 91:Angiosperms 24:Santalales 2270:Santalales 2264:Categories 2005:Santalales 1975:Santalales 1934:Alismatids 1846:Icacinales 1823:Dipsacales 1748:Santalales 1701:Huerteales 1696:Sapindales 1676:Geraniales 1638:Oxalidales 1554:Gunnerales 1437:Pandanales 1376:Canellales 1368:Magnoliids 1243:Orders of 1151:2021-07-20 1139:Medusandra 1057:2021-07-20 946:2021-07-20 920:References 747:Opiliaceae 734:Huerteales 715:Medusandra 695:superorder 667:Thesiaceae 604:Olacaceae 586:Olacaceae 577:sensu lato 477:Opiliaceae 299:Opiliaceae 260:sensu lato 234:Most have 182:type genus 166:Santalales 127:Santalales 1881:Vahliales 1876:Solanales 1856:Garryales 1813:Bruniales 1803:Asterales 1520:Proteales 1381:Piperales 1268:Bryophyta 771:Viscaceae 741:Olacaceae 736:in APG IV 670:Viscaceae 595:Coulaceae 343:Olacaceae 294:Olacaceae 217:parasites 191:Mistletoe 143:See text 137:Families 61:Kingdom: 2216:VicFlora 2205:VASCAN: 2198:43000061 2193:Tropicos 1984:Wikidata 1950:Category 1940:Lilioids 1871:Lamiales 1780:Ericales 1775:Cornales 1763:Asterids 1711:Malvales 1681:Myrtales 1502:Eudicots 1468:Arecales 1443:Liliales 1413:Acorales 1401:Monocots 1386:Laurales 722:, order 691:Dahlgren 238:without 197:Overview 186:Santalum 150:Synonyms 104:Eudicots 1838:Lamiids 1818:Apiales 1668:Malvids 1658:Fagales 1648:Rosales 1643:Fabales 1605:Vitales 1530:Buxales 1141:Brenan" 791:family 780:family 769:family 763:family 757:family 751:family 745:family 739:family 728:family 685:In the 176:with a 168:are an 123:Order: 65:Plantae 2247:425969 2172:648888 2156:NZOR: 2032:124522 2019:214982 1990:Q21851 1615:Fabids 1593:Rosids 1473:Poales 1249:APG IV 1192:  1119:  240:testae 225:micro- 2242:WoRMS 2185:54929 2149:41947 2123:27840 2110:12388 2105:IRMNG 2097:49669 2071:1SANO 1262:Plant 1078:Taxon 236:seeds 170:order 111:Clade 98:Clade 85:Clade 72:Clade 2144:NCBI 2118:ITIS 2079:GBIF 2066:EPPO 2058:4401 2027:BOLD 2014:APNI 1190:ISBN 1117:ISBN 786:s.l. 775:s.l. 663:s.s. 645:s.l. 630:s.s. 624:s.l. 606:s.s. 588:s.l. 570:s.l. 566:s.l. 562:s.l. 554:s.l. 550:s.l. 546:s.l. 495:s.l. 371:s.l. 346:s.l. 322:s.l. 317:s.l. 262:was 250:The 227:and 164:The 2229:WFO 2131:NBN 2084:934 2053:EoL 2045:3ZX 2040:CoL 1086:doi 1022:hdl 1012:doi 1008:161 979:doi 975:181 689:of 172:of 2266:: 2244:: 2231:: 2218:: 2208:63 2195:: 2182:: 2169:: 2146:: 2133:: 2120:: 2107:: 2094:: 2081:: 2068:: 2055:: 2042:: 2029:: 2016:: 2001:: 1986:: 1176:; 1143:. 1115:. 1082:69 1080:. 1066:^ 1050:. 1036:^ 1020:. 1006:. 1002:. 973:. 955:^ 939:. 928:^ 113:: 100:: 87:: 74:: 1938:³ 1932:² 1926:¹ 1451:³ 1445:³ 1439:³ 1433:³ 1427:³ 1421:² 1415:² 1326:¹ 1320:¹ 1314:¹ 1264:: 1251:) 1247:( 1236:e 1229:t 1222:v 1198:. 1154:. 1137:" 1125:. 1092:. 1088:: 1060:. 1030:. 1024:: 1014:: 987:. 981:: 949:.

Index


Santalum haleakalae
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Plantae
Tracheophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superasterids
Santalales
Synonyms
order
flowering plants
cosmopolitan distribution
type genus
Santalum
Mistletoe
parasitic plants
photosynthesis
Arceuthobium
parasites
chlorophyll
micro-
macronutrients
seeds
testae
APG IV system
APG III system
paraphyletic
World Flora Online

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