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Darknet

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because of Tor's history as a platform that could not be search-indexed. Mixing uses of both these terms has been described as inaccurate, with some commentators recommending the terms be used in distinct fashions.
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is a government, client-server darknet system that simultaneously provides secure anonymity (as long as at least one server remains uncompromised), efficient computation, and minimal bandwidth burden.
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are intended to defend digital rights by providing security, anonymity, or censorship resistance and are used for both illegal and legitimate reasons. Anonymous communication between
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inevitable. This paper described "darknet" more generally as any type of parallel network that is encrypted or requires a specific protocol to allow a user to connect to it.
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Tor is the most popular instance of a darknet, and it is often mistakenly thought to be the only online tool that facilitates access to darknets.
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that were hidden, programmed to receive messages but not respond to or acknowledge anything, thus remaining invisible and in the dark.
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that can only be accessed with specific software, configurations, or authorization, and often uses a unique customized
2420: 2060: 1266: 1241: 1090: 781: 756: 669: 330: 2113: 96:, activists, journalists and news organisations is also facilitated by darknets through use of applications such as 1894: 1765: 1618: 1283: 831: 511: 155: 73: 2470: 2236: 2035: 1845: 1628: 963: 424: 925: 2450: 2440: 1748: 1195: 2030: 2465: 2359: 2070: 227: 353:
All darknets require specific software installed or network configurations made to access them, such as
1738: 1477: 1357: 590: 477: 457: 798: 226:, described the darknet's reach encompassing file sharing networks. Subsequently, in 2014, journalist 2460: 2435: 1401: 1373: 203: 184: 2425: 2272: 2184: 2105: 1953: 1875: 1730: 1337: 1233: 406: 337: 20: 1725: 1189:"Anticounterfeiting on the Dark Web – Distinctions between the Surface Web, Dark Web and Deep Web" 2321: 631: 541: 503: 354: 159: 81: 77: 66: 202:
who argued the presence of the darknet was the primary hindrance to the development of workable
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is a peer-to peer communication protocol, mesh network, and self-hosted social media ecosystem
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Drugs on the Dark Net: How Cryptomarkets are Transforming the Global Trade in Illicit Drugs
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The term gained public acceptance following publication of "The Darknet and the Future of
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Cyberspace Safety and Security: 4th International Symposium : Proceedings (CSS 2012)
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illustrating the average number of Tor users per day between August 2012 and July 2013
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messenger communication and file transfer platform. It may be used as a darknet if
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Biddle, Peter; England, Paul; Peinado, Marcus; Willman, Bryan (18 November 2002).
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The term "darknet" was popularized by major news outlets and was associated with
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is a federated system of personal servers in a peer-to-peer overlay network.
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Xiang, Yang; Lopez, Javier; Jay Kuo, C.-C.; Zhou, Wanlei, eds. (2012).
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is an anonymous BitTorrent client with built in search engine, and non-
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Privacy Enhancing Technologies Third International Workshop (PET 2003)
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used it, despite the terminology being unofficial. Technology such as
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Private network where connections are made only between trusted peers
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Darknets in general may be used for various reasons, such as:
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used the term to describe a range of underground and emergent
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This article is about network technology. For other uses, see
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Bennett, Krista; Grothoff, Christian; Kügler, Dennis (2003).
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networks such as Tor. The reciprocal term for a darknet is a
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forums over the anonymous networks of I2P, Tor and Freenet.
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has a browser extension that may backup popular webpages.
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Darknets: Hollywood's War Against the Digital Generation
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is a decentralized friend-to-friend network built using
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Purchase or sale of illicit or illegal goods or services
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Mansfield-Devine, Steve (1 December 2009). "Darknets".
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Darknet: Hollywood's War Against the Digital Generation
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when referring to content indexable by search engines.
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Mansfield-Devine, Steve (December 2009). "Darknets".
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Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
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proxy network that features hidden services called "
1078: 1041:The Darknet and the Future of Content Distribution 2407: 1307:Larry Hardesty, MIT News Office (11 July 2016). 896: 719: 119:, the usage of dark net has expanded to include 1281: 956:"Clearing Up Confusion – Deep Web vs. Dark Web" 510:network that also features a darknet – via its 986:"Going Dark: The Internet Behind The Internet" 749:The Darkest Web: The Dark Side of the Internet 1902: 1372: 1358: 858:"The Darknet: A Digital Copyright Revolution" 687:"The Darknet: A Digital Copyright Revolution" 796: 776:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 2. 419:file hosting darknet platform. It supports 108:The term originally described computers on 1909: 1895: 1365: 1351: 1261:. Springer (Heidelberg). pp. 89, 90. 409:(not for anonymity but research purposes). 1232:. Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg). pp.  1010: 983: 926:"A Discussion About Dark Net Terminology" 365:configured to perform the same function. 69:via an anonymized series of connections. 948: 691:Richmond Journal of Law & Technology 524:, worldwide publishing through channels. 375: 1916: 1013:"Hacker Lexicon: What Is the Dark Web?" 923: 746: 2408: 1764: 1132: 1076: 865:Richmond Journal of Law and Technology 771: 655: 548: 1949:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1890: 1346: 701:from the original on 24 November 2020 433:can be utilized as a darknet if the " 1181: 1085:. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons. 1011:Greenberg, Andy (19 November 2014). 855: 826: 824: 747:Pradhan, Sayam (2020). "Anonymous". 684: 651: 649: 474:and Discovery features are disabled. 2066:United States Department of Defense 1105: 924:Barratt, Monica (15 January 2015). 849: 805:. Freedom of the Press Foundation. 446:(Invisible Internet Project) is an 13: 2456:Distributed computing architecture 809:from the original on 16 April 2022 797:Press Foundation, Freedom of the. 14: 2482: 2061:United States Department of State 1315:from the original on 12 July 2016 1147:from the original on 13 June 2018 1114:from the original on 20 June 2015 821: 646: 292:(cracking, file corruption, etc.) 146:The term "darknet" is often used 1331: 1019:from the original on 7 June 2015 992:from the original on 27 May 2015 878:from the original on 16 May 2013 1300: 1282:Young Hyun Kwon (20 May 2015). 1275: 1250: 1213: 1194:. 13 April 2015. Archived from 1159: 1133:Taylor, Harriet (19 May 2016). 1126: 1106:Ian, Burrell (28 August 2014). 1099: 1070: 1031: 1004: 977: 917: 213: 2036:Electronic Frontier Foundation 1846:BitTorrent protocol encryption 1309:"How to stay anonymous online" 890: 790: 765: 740: 713: 678: 103: 76:when the infamous drug bazaar 1: 911:10.1016/S1361-3723(09)70150-2 899:Computer Fraud & Security 734:10.1016/S1361-3723(09)70150-2 722:Computer Fraud & Security 658:Darknet: Geopolitics and Uses 639: 154:" because of the quantity of 2031:U.S. Agency for Global Media 834:. 2010-08-12. Archived from 832:"Darknet.se - About darknet" 685:Wood, Jessica (July 2010) . 312:Sale of restricted goods on 206:(DRM) technologies and made 7: 2071:National Science Foundation 751:. India: Pothi. p. 9. 583: 348: 340:, or bypassing restrictive 123:networks (usually used for 10: 2489: 2353:Law Enforcement Operations 591:BlackBook (social network) 566: 170: 18: 2352: 2320: 2289: 2271: 2248: 2206: 2161: 2130: 2104: 2086: 2079: 2023: 1962: 1928: 1816: 1757: 1678: 1652: 1601: 1546: 1420: 1394: 1380: 1374:Peer-to-peer file sharing 984:NPR Staff (25 May 2014). 506:(The onion router) is an 368: 338:content-filtering systems 204:digital rights management 2421:Virtual private networks 2322:Pseudo-top-level domains 2273:Peer-to-peer web hosting 2106:Graphical user interface 1954:Office of Naval Research 1876:Micro Transport Protocol 930:Drugs, Internet, Society 656:Gayard, Laurent (2018). 407:Decentralized network 42 278:rights of citizens from 21:Darknet (disambiguation) 1614:Advanced Direct Connect 632:Virtual private network 299:from political reprisal 265: 1826:Distributed hash table 1701:Game and video sharing 1077:Lasica, J. D. (2005). 856:Wood, Jessica (2010). 772:Martin, James (2014). 385: 274:To better protect the 208:copyright infringement 48:communication protocol 2471:Internet architecture 2365:Operation Dark Huntor 2312:Wireless onion router 1340:at Wikimedia Commons 1049:Microsoft Corporation 662:John Wiley & Sons 540:Web 2.0 hosting with 379: 2451:Network architecture 2441:Internet terminology 1964:The Tor Project, Inc 621:Private peer-to-peer 440:" option is enabled. 248:darknet drug markets 192:Content Distribution 187:or other inquiries. 2291:Computer appliances 549:No longer supported 388:Alphabetical list: 222:, in his 2005 book 194:", a 2002 paper by 2466:Anonymity networks 2380:Operation Pacifier 2145:Tor Browser Bundle 2114:Nyx status monitor 2046:Mozilla Foundation 1866:BitTorrent tracker 936:on 18 January 2016 484:Secure Scuttlebutt 438:(network) topology 386: 334:network censorship 74:Tor Onion services 2403: 2402: 2395:Project Habitance 2390:Operation Lobos 1 2385:Operation Torpedo 2375:Operation Onymous 2360:Operation Bayonet 2348: 2347: 2308: 2241: 2233: 2225: 2208:Instant messaging 2199: 2181: 2175: 2163:Operating systems 2154: 2123: 2056:SRI International 2041:Knight Foundation 2016: 1992:Gabriella Coleman 1884: 1883: 1871:UDP hole punching 1812: 1811: 1597: 1596: 1336:Media related to 1222:Dingledine, Roger 58:connection), and 2478: 2461:1970s neologisms 2436:Internet culture 2306: 2239: 2231: 2223: 2197: 2179: 2173: 2152: 2121: 2084: 2083: 2014: 1987:Roger Dingledine 1911: 1904: 1897: 1888: 1887: 1794:Open music model 1789:Friend-to-friend 1762: 1761: 1726:Sharing software 1392: 1391: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1344: 1343: 1335: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1288: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1231: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1200: 1193: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1130: 1124: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1084: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1063: 1057: 1051:. 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Archived from 921: 915: 914: 894: 888: 887: 885: 883: 877: 862: 853: 847: 846: 844: 843: 828: 819: 818: 816: 814: 794: 788: 787: 769: 763: 762: 744: 738: 737: 717: 711: 710: 708: 706: 682: 676: 675: 653: 596:Crypto-anarchism 496:used to publish 468:friend-to-friend 421:friend-to-friend 244:cryptoanarchists 131:connection) and 121:friend-to-friend 2488: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2426:Darknet markets 2406: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2344: 2316: 2285: 2267: 2244: 2202: 2157: 2126: 2100: 2075: 2019: 2012:Jacob Appelbaum 1958: 1924: 1915: 1885: 1880: 1818: 1808: 1753: 1674: 1648: 1603: 1593: 1542: 1416: 1385: 1376: 1371: 1329: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1305: 1301: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1280: 1276: 1269: 1255: 1251: 1244: 1218: 1214: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1172: 1170: 1167:"Who uses Tor?" 1165: 1164: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1131: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1104: 1100: 1093: 1075: 1071: 1061: 1059: 1058:on 17 July 2012 1055: 1044: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1009: 1005: 995: 993: 982: 978: 969: 967: 954: 953: 949: 939: 937: 922: 918: 895: 891: 881: 879: 875: 860: 854: 850: 841: 839: 830: 829: 822: 812: 810: 795: 791: 784: 770: 766: 759: 745: 741: 718: 714: 704: 702: 683: 679: 672: 664:. p. 158. 660:. Hoboken, NJ: 654: 647: 642: 637: 586: 569: 551: 371: 351: 314:darknet markets 268: 216: 173: 156:hidden services 148:interchangeably 106: 94:whistle-blowers 40:overlay network 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2486: 2485: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2326: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2301: 2295: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2242: 2234: 2226: 2218: 2212: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2200: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2176: 2167: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2155: 2147: 2142: 2136: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2124: 2116: 2110: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2092: 2090: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2017: 2009: 2007:Bruce Schneier 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1960: 1959: 1957: 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Tor Project 1168: 1162: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1129: 1113: 1109: 1102: 1094: 1092:0-471-68334-5 1088: 1083: 1082: 1073: 1054: 1050: 1043: 1042: 1034: 1018: 1014: 1007: 991: 987: 980: 966:on 2015-05-16 965: 961: 957: 951: 935: 931: 927: 920: 912: 908: 904: 900: 893: 874: 870: 866: 859: 852: 838:on 2010-08-12 837: 833: 827: 825: 808: 804: 800: 793: 785: 783:9781349485666 779: 775: 768: 760: 758:9798561755668 754: 750: 743: 735: 731: 727: 723: 716: 700: 696: 692: 688: 681: 673: 671:9781786302021 667: 663: 659: 652: 650: 645: 633: 630: 628: 625: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 579: 576: 574: 571: 570: 562: 559: 556: 553: 552: 543: 539: 535: 532: 529: 526: 523: 519: 516: 513: 509: 505: 502: 499: 495: 491: 488: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 469: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 449: 445: 442: 439: 436: 432: 429: 426: 422: 418: 415:is a popular 414: 411: 408: 405: 402: 399:and software 398: 394: 391: 390: 389: 383: 378: 374: 366: 364: 360: 356: 343: 339: 335: 332: 331:Circumventing 329: 326: 324: 320: 317: 315: 311: 308: 304: 301: 298: 294: 291: 288: 285: 281: 277: 273: 272: 271: 263: 261: 258:racists, and 257: 254:communities, 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 188: 186: 182: 178: 168: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 144: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 113: 111: 101: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 70: 68: 64: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 26: 22: 2416:File sharing 2250:File sharing 2132:Web browsers 2080:Realisations 1982:Ian Goldberg 1819:technologies 1778: 1696:Disk sharing 1503:Perfect Dark 1330: 1317:. 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Index

Darknet (disambiguation)
dark web
overlay network
Internet
communication protocol
file hosting
peer-to-peer
anonymity
proxy networks
Tor
Tor Onion services
Silk Road
Tor
I2P
Freenet
whistle-blowers
SecureDrop
ARPANET
ARPANET
friend-to-friend
file sharing
peer-to-peer
privacy
clearnet
surface web
interchangeably
dark web
hidden services
Tor
deep web

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