Tor (network) - Knowledge

4342:"No adversary is truly global, but no adversary needs to be truly global," he says. "Eavesdropping on the entire Internet is a several-billion-dollar problem. Running a few computers to eavesdrop on a lot of traffic, a selective denial of service attack to drive traffic to your computers, that's like a tens-of-thousands-of-dollars problem." At the most basic level, an attacker who runs two poisoned Tor nodes—one entry, one exit—is able to analyse traffic and thereby identify the tiny, unlucky percentage of users whose circuit happened to cross both of those nodes. In 2016 the Tor network offers a total of around 7,000 relays, around 2,000 guard (entry) nodes and around 1,000 exit nodes. So the odds of such an event happening are one in two million ( 4660: 2715:

being relayed tagging them as "relay" or "relay early" cells differently to encode additional information and sent them back to the requesting user/operator. If the user's/operator's guard/entry node was also part of the attacking relays, the attacking relays might be able to capture the IP address of the user/operator along with the onion service information that the user/operator was requesting. The attacking relays were stable enough to be designated as "suitable as hidden service directory" and "suitable as entry guard"; therefore, both the onion service users and the onion services might have used those relays as guards and hidden service directory nodes.

2451:(AS), responsible for routing packets at least partly, is present on both path segments from a client to entry relay and from exit relay to destination, such an AS can statistically correlate traffic on the entry and exit segments of the path (i.e. traffic confirmation) and potentially infer the destination with which the client communicated. In 2012, LASTor proposed a method to predict a set of potential ASes on these two segments and then avoid choosing this path during the path selection algorithm on the client side. In this paper, they also improve latency by choosing shorter geographical paths between a client and destination. 4648: 3644: 7975:"...we assume were trying to deanonymize users. They appear to have been targeting people who operate or access Tor hidden services... users who operated or accessed hidden services from early February through July 4 should assume they were affected... We know the attack looked for users who fetched hidden service descriptors... The attack probably also tried to learn who published hidden service descriptors, which would allow the attackers to learn the location of that hidden service... Hidden service operators should consider changing the location of their hidden service." 13150: 4672: 3010: 2996: 2982: 2968: 208: 145: 2327: 2176: 356: 2926: 3659: 2917: 2142: 16682: 16078: 15117: 13799: 4384: 83: 1066: 2659: 2079: 4636: 13789: 3632: 8011:"Clients that upgrade (once new Tor Browser releases are ready) will take another step towards limiting the number of entry guards that are in a position to see their traffic, thus reducing the damage from future attacks like this one... 3) Put out a software update that will (once enough clients have upgraded) let us tell clients to move to using one entry guard rather than three, to reduce exposure to relays over time." 3339: 2521:

method, the attacker alters the timings of the packets of a flow according to a specific pattern and looks for that pattern on the other side of the network; therefore, the attacker can link the flows on one side to the other side of the network and break the anonymity of it. It is shown that, although timing noise is added to the packets, there are active traffic analysis methods that are robust against such a noise.

3718: 16088: 15127: 4089:. Given that the running of a Tor exit node is an unsettled area of Canadian law, and that in general institutions are more capable than individuals to cope with legal pressures, Alison Macrina of the Library Freedom Project has opined that in some ways she would like to see intelligence agencies and law enforcement attempt to intervene in the event that an exit node were established. 3872:'s 2010 Award for Projects of Social Benefit. The citation read, "Using free software, Tor has enabled roughly 36 million people around the world to experience freedom of access and expression on the Internet while keeping them in control of their privacy and anonymity. Its network has proved pivotal in dissident movements in both 2472:(TLS). While this may not inherently breach the anonymity of the source, traffic intercepted in this way by malicious Tor exit nodes operators can expose information about the source in either or both of payload and protocol data. Furthermore, Egerstad is circumspect about the possible subversion of Tor by intelligence agencies: 4196:

convention. Tor came out strongly against the raid on its support organization, which provides legal and financial aid for the setting up and maintenance of high-speed relays and exit nodes. According to torservers.net, on 23 August 2018 the German court at Landgericht München ruled that the raid and

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The best tactic of law enforcement agencies to de-anonymize users appears to remain with Tor-relay adversaries running poisoned nodes, as well as counting on the users themselves using the Tor browser improperly. For example, downloading a video through the Tor browser and then opening the same file

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Tor responded to earlier vulnerabilities listed above by patching them and improving security. In one way or another, human (user) errors can lead to detection. The Tor Project website provides the best practices (instructions) on how to properly use the Tor browser. When improperly used, Tor is not

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In his analysis published on 31 July, besides raising ethical issues, Felten also questioned the fulfillment of CERT/CC's purposes which were to prevent attacks, inform the implementers of vulnerabilities, and eventually inform the public. Because in this case, CERT/CC's staff did the opposite which

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released a briefing which stated that "There is widespread agreement that banning online anonymity systems altogether is not seen as an acceptable policy option in the U.K." and that "Even if it were, there would be technical challenges." The report further noted that Tor "plays only a minor role in

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also published a 2012 NSA classified slide deck, entitled "Tor Stinks", which said: "We will never be able to de-anonymize all Tor users all the time", but "with manual analysis we can de-anonymize a very small fraction of Tor users". When Tor users are arrested, it is typically due to human error,

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On 30 July 2014, the Tor Project issued the security advisory "relay early traffic confirmation attack" in which the project discovered a group of relays that tried to de-anonymize onion service users and operators. In summary, the attacking onion service directory node changed the headers of cells

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on security and privacy on traffic-analysis techniques that allow adversaries with only a partial view of the network to infer which nodes are being used to relay the anonymous streams. These techniques greatly reduce the anonymity provided by Tor. Murdoch and Danezis have also shown that otherwise

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Because onion services route their traffic entirely through the Tor network, connection to an onion service is encrypted end-to-end and not subject to eavesdropping. There are, however, security issues involving Tor onion services. For example, services that are reachable through Tor onion services

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The Tor Project states that Tor users include "normal people" who wish to keep their Internet activities private from websites and advertisers, people concerned about cyber-spying, and users who are evading censorship such as activists, journalists, and military professionals. In November 2013, Tor

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described Tor as a "part of an ecosystem of software that helps people regain and reclaim their autonomy. It helps to enable people to have agency of all kinds; it helps others to help each other and it helps you to help yourself. It runs, it is open and it is supported by a large community spread

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magazine has described it as "perhaps the most effective means of defeating the online surveillance efforts of intelligence agencies around the world". Other media have described Tor as "a sophisticated privacy tool", "easy to use" and "so secure that even the world's most sophisticated electronic

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Tor has been praised for providing privacy and anonymity to vulnerable Internet users such as political activists fearing surveillance and arrest, ordinary web users seeking to circumvent censorship, and people who have been threatened with violence or abuse by stalkers. The U.S. National Security

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the search warrant for an administrator of Silkroad 2.0 indicated that from January 2014 until July, the FBI received information from a "university-based research institute" with the information being "reliable IP addresses for Tor and onion services such as SR2" that led to the identification of

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source cited a "technical breakthrough" that allowed tracking physical locations of servers, and the initial number of infiltrated sites led to the exploit speculation. Andrew Lewman—a Tor Project representative—downplayed this possibility, suggesting that execution of more traditional police work

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In September 2007, Dan Egerstad, a Swedish security consultant, revealed he had intercepted usernames and passwords for email accounts by operating and monitoring Tor exit nodes. As Tor cannot encrypt the traffic between an exit node and the target server, any exit node is in a position to capture

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employees are pressuring or persuading public and private entities to discontinue or degrade services that protect the privacy and anonymity of U.S. citizens." In a 2016 interview, Kilton Library IT Manager Chuck McAndrew stressed the importance of getting libraries involved with Tor: "Librarians

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There are two methods of traffic-analysis attack, passive and active. In the passive traffic-analysis method, the attacker extracts features from the traffic of a specific flow on one side of the network and looks for those features on the other side of the network. In the active traffic-analysis

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The report may have generated a lot of clicks but is totally inaccurate. Comcast is not asking customers to stop using Tor, or any other browser for that matter. We have no policy against Tor, or any other browser or software. Customers are free to use their Xfinity Internet service to visit any

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In a groundbreaking development, Tor has unveiled a new defense mechanism to safeguard its onion services against crippling denial of service (DoS) attacks. With the release of Tor 0.4.8, this proof-of-work (PoW) defense promises to prioritize legitimate network traffic while deterring malicious

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Despite intelligence agencies' claims that 80% of Tor users would be de-anonymized within 6 months in the year 2013, that has still not happened. In fact, as late as September 2016, the FBI could not locate, de-anonymize and identify the Tor user who hacked into the email account of a staffer on

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warrant issued by a United States' court on 29 July. The FBI extradited Marques from Ireland to the state of Maryland on 4 charges: distributing; conspiring to distribute; and advertising child pornography, as well as aiding and abetting advertising of child pornography. The warrant alleged that

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were renewed. The Tor Project recommended Tor relay operators and onion service operators revoke and generate fresh keys after patching OpenSSL, but noted Tor relays use two sets of keys and Tor's multi-hop design minimizes the impact of exploiting a single relay. Five hundred eighty-six relays,

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Onion services were first specified in 2003 and have been deployed on the Tor network since 2004. Other than the database that stores the onion service descriptors, Tor is decentralized by design; there is no direct readable list of all onion services, although a number of onion services catalog

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Onion services, designed to protect user privacy by concealing IP addresses, have long been susceptible to DoS attacks. Traditional IP-based rate limits have proven inadequate in thwarting these threats. To counter this vulnerability, Tor has introduced a PoW mechanism that strengthens security

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Depending on individual user needs, Tor browser offers three levels of security located under the Security Level (the small gray shield at the top-right of the screen) icon > Advanced Security Settings. In addition to encrypting the data, including constantly changing an IP address through a

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users on the Tor network. The "bad apple attack" exploits Tor's design and takes advantage of insecure application used to associate the simultaneous use of a secure application with the IP address of the Tor user in question. One method of attack depends on control of an exit node or hijacking

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as it could map Tor users' routes inside the network, increasing risk of deanonymization. At some point there were about 900 nodes running and by November 2021 about 600 of them were purged. Although described as being a deanonymization attempt, the motives and the achievements of this possibly

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So yes, criminals could in theory use Tor, but they already have better options, and it seems unlikely that taking Tor away from the world will stop them from doing their bad things. At the same time, Tor and other privacy measures can fight identity theft, physical crimes like stalking, and so

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The project was originally developed on behalf of the U.S. intelligence community and continues to receive U.S. government funding, and has been criticized as "more resembl a spook project than a tool designed by a culture that values accountability or transparency". As of 2012, 80% of The Tor

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to periodically update its current operating parameters, which for Tor are network parameters like which nodes are good/bad relays, exits, guards, and how much traffic each can handle. Tor's architecture for deciding the consensus relies on a small number of directory authority nodes voting on

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In October 2014, The Tor Project hired the public relations firm Thomson Communications to improve its public image (particularly regarding the terms "Dark Net" and "hidden services," which are widely viewed as being problematic) and to educate journalists about the technical aspects of Tor.

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planned update for users' proxy software so that they could inspect if they received "relay early" cells from the relays (as they are not supposed to), along with the settings to connect to just one guard node instead of selecting randomly from 3 to reduce the probability of connecting to an

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For attackers attempting to flood an onion service, the PoW defense poses a formidable obstacle. As attack intensity increases, the computational effort required also escalates, leading to diminishing returns for attackers. In contrast, regular users, who typically make only a few requests,

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The PoW defense is like a ticket system that activates only during network stress. Before accessing an onion service, clients must solve a small computational puzzle, demonstrating their authenticity. The complexity of the puzzle correlates with the amount of computational "work" performed,

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provided under the top-ranked Chinese-language video actually pointed to a malware disguised as Tor Browser. Once installed, it saves browsing history and form data that genuine Tor forgot by default, and even downloads malicious components to computers with IP addresses in China. Kaspersky

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attack targeted at the Tor node software, as well as defenses against that attack and its variants. The attack works using a colluding client and server, and filling the queues of the exit node until the node runs out of memory, and hence can serve no other (genuine) clients. By attacking a

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the public Internet are susceptible to correlation attacks and thus not perfectly hidden. Other pitfalls include misconfigured services (e.g. identifying information included by default in web server error responses), uptime and downtime statistics, intersection attacks, and user error. The

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The results presented in the bad apple attack research paper are based on an attack launched against the Tor network by the authors of the study. The attack targeted six exit nodes, lasted for twenty-three days, and revealed a total of 10,000 IP addresses of active Tor users. This study is

4001:(DHS) had alerted New Hampshire authorities to the fact that Tor is sometimes used by criminals, the Lebanon Deputy Police Chief and the Deputy City Manager averred that no pressure to strong-arm the library was applied, and the service was re-established on 15 September 2015. U.S. Rep. 3726: 2718:

The attacking nodes joined the network early in the year on 30 January and the project removed them on 4 July. Although the attack's beginning is unclear, the project implied that between February and July, IP addresses of onion service users and operators might have been exposed.

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application pinging a user's IP address directly back to an FBI server, and resulted in revealing at least 25 US users as well as numerous users from other countries. McGrath was sentenced to 20 years in prison in early 2014, with at least 18 other users including a former Acting

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not to the core technology being hacked or cracked. On 7 November 2014, for example, a joint operation by the FBI, ICE Homeland Security investigations and European Law enforcement agencies led to 17 arrests and the seizure of 27 sites containing 400 pages. A late 2014 report by

3531:] discontinued support for their own software, limited resources and known metadata problems. The Tor Messenger developers explained that overcoming any vulnerabilities discovered in the future would be impossible due to the project relying on outdated software dependencies. 2109:

between relays, thereby providing users with anonymity in a network location. That anonymity extends to the hosting of censorship-resistant content by Tor's anonymous onion service feature. Furthermore, by keeping some of the entry relays (bridge relays) secret, users can evade

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with Tor, not to enable browser plugins, not to open documents downloaded through Tor while online, and to use safe bridges. Users are also warned that they cannot provide their name or other revealing information in web forums over Tor and stay anonymous at the same time.

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was its default). The Tor Browser automatically starts Tor background processes and routes traffic through the Tor network. Upon termination of a session the browser deletes privacy-sensitive data such as HTTP cookies and the browsing history. This is effective in reducing

4370:: if an attacker can watch the traffic coming out of the target computer, and also the traffic arriving at the target's chosen destination (e.g. a server hosting a .onion site), that attacker can use statistical analysis to discover that they are part of the same circuit. 3727: 1990:

and agencies that assist them, even though shelter workers may or may not have had professional training on cyber-security matters. Properly deployed, however, it precludes digital stalking, which has increased due to the prevalence of digital media in contemporary

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activity by preventing any single point on the Internet (other than the user's device) from being able to view both where traffic originated from and where it is ultimately going to at the same time. This conceals a user's location and usage from anyone performing

3269:(NIT) malware on the servers for retrieving information from the users of the three onion service sites that McGrath controlled. The technique, exploiting a Firefox/Tor browser's vulnerability that had been patched and targeting users that had not updated, had a 2481:

In October 2019, a Tor researcher revealed that since at least 2017, there were hundreds of highly suspicious entry, relay, and exit nodes, run by an unknown group, in an unprecedented scale. It was alleged that this number of servers could pose the risk of a

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If you actually look into where these Tor nodes are hosted and how big they are, some of these nodes cost thousands of dollars each month just to host because they're using lots of bandwidth, they're heavy-duty servers and so on. Who would pay for this and be

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have directed Russian audiences to Tor. The Russian government increased efforts to block access to Tor through technical and political means, while the network reported an increase in traffic from Russia, and increased Russian use of its anti-censorship

3997:, making it the first library in the U.S. to host a Tor node, was briefly put on hold when the local city manager and deputy sheriff voiced concerns over the cost of defending search warrants for information passed through the Tor exit node. Although the 4033:

In September 2015, Luke Millanta created OnionView (now defunct), a web service that plots the location of active Tor relay nodes onto an interactive map of the world. The project's purpose was to detail the network's size and escalating growth rate.

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threats. And in August 2017, according to reportage, cybersecurity firms which specialize in monitoring and researching the dark web (which relies on Tor as its infrastructure) on behalf of banks and retailers routinely share their findings with the

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claimed to have discovered a way to compromise the Tor network by decrypting communication passing over it. The technique they describe requires creating a map of Tor network nodes, controlling one-third of them, and then acquiring their encryption

2508:. Then, using these known keys and seeds, they claim the ability to decrypt two encryption layers out of three. They claim to break the third key by a statistical attack. In order to redirect Tor traffic to the nodes they controlled, they used a 4278:

Russian courts temporarily lifted the blockade on Tor's website (but not connections to relays) on May 24, 2022 due to Russian law requiring that the Tor Project be involved in the case. However, the blockade was reinstated on July 21, 2022.

4018:(the freedom to read). Surveillance has a very well-documented chilling effect on intellectual freedom. It is the job of librarians to remove barriers to information." The second library to host a Tor node was the Las Naves Public Library in 11777: 12732: 11321: 4239: 2808:

was to carry out a large-scale long-lasting attack, withhold vulnerability information from the implementers, and withhold the same information from the public. CERT/CC is a non-profit, computer security research organization

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A study showed "anonymization solutions protect only partially against target selection that may lead to efficient surveillance" as they typically "do not hide the volume information necessary to do target selection".

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in its Operation Notarise. At the same time, GCHQ has been using a tool named "Shadowcat" for "end-to-end encrypted access to VPS over SSH using the Tor network". Tor can be used for anonymous defamation, unauthorized

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file-sharing applications on Tor. BitTorrent may generate as much as 40% of all traffic on Tor. Furthermore, the bad apple attack is effective against insecure use of any application over Tor, not just BitTorrent.

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security research group, called "X-Force", put out a quarterly report that advised companies to block Tor on security grounds, citing a "steady increase" in attacks from Tor exit nodes as well as botnet traffic.

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Tor is not meant to completely solve the issue of anonymity on the web. Tor is not designed to completely erase tracking but instead to reduce the likelihood for sites to trace actions and data back to the user.

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and with other law enforcement agencies "when possible and necessary" regarding illegal content. The Russian-speaking underground offering a crime-as-a-service model is regarded as being particularly robust.

2364:, Tor cannot and does not attempt to protect against monitoring of traffic at the boundaries of the Tor network (i.e., the traffic entering and exiting the network). While Tor does provide protection against 12185:"German police raid homes of Tor-linked group's board members One board member described the police's justification for the raids as a "tenuous" link between the privacy group, a blog, and its email address" 5996: 5935: 4084:

Also in March 2016, the first Tor node, specifically a middle relay, was established at a library in Canada, the Graduate Resource Centre (GRC) in the Faculty of Information and Media Studies (FIMS) at the

2160:-aware applications can be configured to direct their network traffic through a Tor instance's SOCKS interface, which is listening on TCP port 9050 (for standalone Tor) or 9150 (for Tor Browser bundle) at 9298: 9274: 3289:

attack, as NoScript was not enabled by default. Attackers used this vulnerability to extract users' MAC and IP addresses and Windows computer names. News reports linked this to a FBI operation targeting

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unrelated streams can be linked back to the same initiator. This attack, however, fails to reveal the identity of the original user. Murdoch has been working with and has been funded by Tor since 2006.

10669: 3750:, including in countries where the Internet is censored, by protecting the privacy and anonymity of users. The mathematical underpinnings of Tor lead it to be characterized as acting "like a piece of 8903: 6190: 11769: 3840:

using a new cache of Snowden leaks revealed, however, that as of 2012 the NSA deemed Tor on its own as a "major threat" to its mission, and when used in conjunction with other privacy tools such as

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and human rights workers to communicate with journalists". EFF's Surveillance Self-Defense guide includes a description of where Tor fits in a larger strategy for protecting privacy and anonymity.

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Tor is also used for illegal activities. These can include privacy protection or censorship circumvention, as well as distribution of child abuse content, drug sales, or malware distribution.

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reported on the case of core Tor developer "isis agora lovecruft", who had fled to Germany under the threat of a subpoena by the FBI during the Thanksgiving break of the previous year. The

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and onion-route that traffic to its destination. Once inside a Tor network, the traffic is sent from router to router along the circuit, ultimately reaching an exit node at which point the

1982:, in 2012 about 14% of Tor's traffic connected from the United States, with people in "Internet-censoring countries" as its second-largest user base. Tor is increasingly used by victims of 12855: 2129:

at any hop along the way, anyone eavesdropping at any point along the communication channel cannot directly identify both ends. Furthermore, to the recipient, it appears that the last Tor

12699: 11421: 8186: 4246:. Russian ISPs unsuccessfully attempted to block Tor's main website as well as several bridges beginning on 1 December 2021. The Tor Project has appealed to Russian courts over this ban. 11474: 6769: 3941:

In 2014, the Russian government offered a $ 111,000 contract to "study the possibility of obtaining technical information about users and users' equipment on the Tor anonymous network".

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reminded users and onion service operators that Tor could not prevent de-anonymization if the attacker controlled or could listen to both ends of the Tor circuit, like in this attack.

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Operators of Internet sites have the ability to prevent traffic from Tor exit nodes or to offer reduced functionality for Tor users. For example, it is not generally possible to edit

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protocols do not need to reconstruct packet data nearly as much as a multi-hop service like Tor or JonDonym. Website fingerprinting yielded greater than 90% accuracy for identifying

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reported that the NSA had repeatedly tried to crack Tor and had failed to break its core security, although it had had some success attacking the computers of individual Tor users.

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into each Tor client. The authority nodes vote every hour to update the consensus, and clients download the most recent consensus on startup. A network congestion attack, such as a

11831: 5902: 11957: 11114: 7382: 2568: 11081: 10822: 7933:"On July 4, 2014 we found a group of relays that we assume were trying to deanonymize users. They appear to have been targeting people who operate or access Tor hidden services." 10951: 8330: 8149: 7465: 10524: 10339: 7999:"For expert users, the new Tor version warns you in your logs if a relay on your path injects any relay-early cells: look for the phrase 'Received an inbound RELAY_EARLY cell'" 2097:

Tor aims to conceal its users' identities and their online activity from surveillance and traffic analysis by separating identification and routing. It is an implementation of

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experience manageable computational demands, with solving times ranging from 5 to 30 milliseconds. Even during network stress, users can access Tor by proving their humanity.

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to clarify its procedures, stating that "While the Kilton Public Library's board ultimately voted to restore their Tor relay, I am no less disturbed by the possibility that

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Iran tried to block Tor at least twice in 2011. One attempt simply blocked all servers with 2-hour-expiry security certificates; it was successful for less than 24 hours.

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According to Lucian Armasu of Toms Hardware, in April 2018, the Tor Project shut down the Tor Messenger project for three reasons: the developers of "Instabird" [

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In November 2015 court documents on the matter addressed concerns about security research ethics and the right of not being unreasonably searched as guaranteed by the US

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Even years later, getting this wrong (by calling it The Onion Router, or writing TOR rather than Tor) remains a surefire way to get tripped up by the security community.

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and then called The Onion Routing project (which was later given the acronym "Tor"), was launched on 20 September 2002. The first public release occurred a year later.

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secure. For example, Tor warns its users that not all traffic is protected; only the traffic routed through the Tor browser is protected. Users are also warned to use

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Criminals can already do bad things. Since they're willing to break laws, they already have lots of options available that provide better privacy than Tor provides...

7909: 7695:. 8th International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5134. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. pp. 63–76. 2426:

current network parameters. Currently, there are eight directory authority nodes, and their health is publicly monitored. The IP addresses of the authority nodes are

12470: 12108: 10661: 10047: 9020: 6349: 5863: 11931: 7612: 7292: 5988: 5925: 3543:. It was meant as a direction for Tor on mobile. The project was called 'Mission Improbable'. Copperhead's then lead developer Daniel Micay welcomed the prototype. 16354: 12763: 10974: 6738: 4338:

explained that the problem of "Tor-relay adversaries" running poisoned nodes means that a theoretical adversary of this kind is not the network's greatest threat:

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seizures were illegal. The hardware and documentation seized had been kept under seal, and purportedly were neither analyzed nor evaluated by the Bavarian police.

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In June 2018, Venezuela blocked access to the Tor network. The block affected both direct connections to the network and connections being made via bridge relays.

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to establish exit nodes in public libraries. The pilot program, which established a middle relay running on the excess bandwidth afforded by the Kilton Library in

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Critics say that Tor is not as secure as it claims, pointing to U.S. law enforcement's investigations and shutdowns of Tor-using sites such as web-hosting company

2860:, announced they were taking the site offline in response to a recently discovered security vulnerability in Tor. They did not say what the vulnerability was, but 9423: 9266: 8422: 6831: 5456: 2610:

significant proportion of the exit nodes this way, an attacker can degrade the network and increase the chance of targets using nodes controlled by the attacker.

14629: 11686: 9295: 10370: 8280: 4143:, which was taken down in an international law enforcement operation in July 2017. Despite federal claims that Tor would not shield a user, however, elementary 7191: 6285: 6223: 5965: 12161: 8392: 5840: 3593:

Tor implementation (also available for iOS), Orweb (discontinued) privacy-enhanced mobile browser, Orfox, the mobile counterpart of the Tor Browser, ProxyMob

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confirming the user's legitimacy and deterring bot-based attacks. This dynamic system blocks attackers while ensuring a smooth experience for genuine users.

3786:. Some have proposed that the government values Tor's commitment to free speech, and uses the darknet to gather intelligence. Tor also receives funding from 3275: 2750:

This is something we want to keep for ourselves. The way we do this, we can't share with the whole world, because we want to do it again and again and again.

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introduced a bill allowing public libraries to run privacy software. The bill specifically referenced Tor. The text was crafted with extensive input from

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packet is available and is forwarded on to its original destination. Viewed from the destination, the traffic appears to originate at the Tor exit node.

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have been discovered and occasionally exploited. Attacks against Tor are an active area of academic research that is welcomed by The Tor Project itself.

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groups, and law enforcement agencies at cross purposes, sometimes simultaneously; likewise, agencies within the U.S. government variously fund Tor (the

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Our plan is to actively encourage users to move from Orweb to Orfox, and stop active development of Orweb, even removing to from the Google Play Store.

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Tor's executive director, Andrew Lewman, also said in August 2014 that agents of the NSA and the GCHQ have anonymously provided Tor with bug reports.

16289: 13248: 12500: 11900: 11717: 11596: 11176: 10620: 7245: 7005: 5489: 5089: 2532: 2101:, which encrypts and then randomly bounces communications through a network of relays run by volunteers around the globe. These onion routers employ 11390: 9173: 9042: 4934: 18334: 16546: 16485: 16374: 15176: 9762: 9736: 9060: 5385: 3975: 12847: 11351: 6651: 6441: 6050: 12245: 11413: 10072: 9575: 8480: 7987:"Relays should upgrade to a recent Tor release (0.2.4.23 or 0.2.5.6-alpha), to close the particular protocol vulnerability the attackers used..." 7714: 5111: 4226:, as the Chinese publisher had violated their agreement by expurgating all mentions of Tor and other matters deemed politically sensitive by the 3600: 2054:

Tor aims to provide protection for ordinary people who want to follow the law. Only criminals have privacy right now, and we need to fix that...

12689: 12635: 11207: 8178: 7658:. 4th USENIX Workshop on Large-Scale Exploits and Emergent Threats (LEET '11). National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control. 7120: 11505: 11466: 8749: 7659: 7386: 6761: 2512:

attack. A response to this claim has been published on the official Tor Blog stating these rumors of Tor's compromise are greatly exaggerated.

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Le Blond, Stevens; Manils, Pere; Chaabane, Abdelberi; Ali Kaafar, Mohamed; Castelluccia, Claude; Legout, Arnaud; Dabbous, Walid (March 2011).

16240: 12908: 8502: 6979: 4995: 4128:; downloading the Tor browser was mentioned. Also, in December 2016, Turkey has blocked the usage of Tor, together with ten of the most used 3998: 3643: 1834:, the National Science Foundation, and – through the Broadcasting Board of Governors, which itself partially funded Tor until October 2012 – 13038:

Lund, Brady; Beckstrom, Matt (2021). "The Integration of Tor into Library Services: An Appeal to the Core Mission and Values of Libraries".

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Soltani, Ramin; Goeckel, Dennis; Towsley, Don; Houmansadr, Amir (27 November 2017). "Towards provably invisible network flow fingerprints".

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Tor can also provide anonymity to websites and other servers. Servers configured to receive inbound connections only through Tor are called

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McCoy, Damon; Kevin Bauer; Dirk Grunwald; Tadayoshi Kohno; Douglas Sicker. "Shining light in dark places: Understanding the Tor network".

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Marques was "the largest facilitator of child porn on the planet". The FBI acknowledged the attack in a 12 September 2013 court filing in

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discovered the IP address of a Tor onion service site called "Pedoboard" from an unprotected administrator's account and gave it to the

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Tor (like all current practical low-latency anonymity designs) fails when the attacker can see both ends of the communications channel

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magazine named Dingledine, Mathewson, and Syverson among its Top 100 Global Thinkers "for making the web safe for whistleblowers".

3686: 2780: 12290: 10913: 9545: 9445: 6884: 5321: 1014:(EFF) began funding Dingledine and Mathewson to continue its development. In 2006, Dingledine, Mathewson, and five others founded 18374: 16091: 12977: 11770:"Library in FIMS joins global network fighting back against digital surveillance, censorship, and the obstruction of information" 10845:"Presentation from the SIGDEV Conference 2012 explaining which encryption protocols and techniques can be attacked and which not" 10721: 9140: 7321: 6679: 6493: 5545: 5408: 5184: 4401: 3779: 2840:

movements, provided the user has visited the same "fingerprinting" website with both the Tor browser and a regular browser. This

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virtual circuit comprising successive, randomly selected Tor relays, several other layers of security are at a user's disposal:

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website, use any app, and so forth. ... Comcast doesn't monitor our customer's browser software, web surfing or online history.

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as major contributors, aiming "to aid democracy advocates in authoritarian states". Other public sources of funding include

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the online viewing and distribution of indecent images of children" (due in part to its inherent latency); its usage by the

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Understanding the Usage of Anonymous Onion Services: Empirical Experiments to Study Criminal Activities in the Tor Network

12097: 10197: 10039: 9987: 9012: 6762:"A Tool to Check If Your Dark Web Site Really Is Anonymous: 'OnionScan' will probe dark web sites for security weaknesses" 6411: 6341: 5871: 5740:"Document from an internal GCHQ wiki lists tools and techniques developed by the Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group" 4159:

recommended intermittent Tor usage for politically active organizations and individuals as a defensive mitigation against

3518:, Tor Messenger supports multiple different instant messaging protocols; however, it accomplishes this without relying on 18324: 16541: 16349: 16339: 16299: 15451: 13405: 11923: 10855: 8590: 7620: 7284: 6975: 6728: 5685: 4785: 3803: 2229:). Rather than revealing a server's IP address (and thus its network location), an onion service is accessed through its 12755: 9239: 9043:"Former Acting HHS Cyber Security Director Sentenced to 25 Years in Prison for Engaging in Child Pornography Enterprise" 8642: 18329: 17288: 16281: 16255: 16215: 15870: 14453: 9413: 8415: 6823: 5446: 5028: 3250: 2844:

exploits the "time measurement via JavaScript" issue, which had been an open ticket on the Tor Project for ten months.

2784: 891: 827: 17090: 12154:"Venezuela is blocking access to the Tor network 16 Just days after new web blocks were placed on local media outlets" 11678: 10501: 10008: 9959: 7222: 7031: 6965:"Website Fingerprinting: Attacking Popular Privacy Enhancing Technologies with the Multinomial Naïve-Bayes Classifier" 42: 16458: 16379: 16364: 16260: 16124: 15925: 14652: 13400: 12207: 10984: 10362: 8276: 7181: 6939: 6645: 6471: 6213: 5224: 4583: 3971: 3678: 2701: 2644: 1831: 1039: 13453: 13000: 11528: 7143: 6277: 5654: 18289: 18264: 17085: 16727: 16147: 14583: 13760: 13234: 12153: 12104: 12071: 8384: 6701: 6246: 5957: 5832: 4464:

On sites where JavaScript is enabled, performance optimizations are disabled. Scripts on some sites may run slower.

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When properly used, odds of being de-anonymized through Tor are said to be extremely low. Tor project's co-founder

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was ranked as "catastrophic," leading to a "near-total loss/lack of insight to target communications, presence..."

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researchers noted that the malware was not stealing data to sell for profit, but was designed to identify users.

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packets on conventional VPN protocols versus Tor which yielded only 2.96% accuracy. However, some protocols like

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patched relay software to prevent relays from relaying cells with "relay early" headers that were not intended.

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utilizes the Tor infrastructure, at least in part, in conjunction with Bitcoin. It has also been used to brick

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Moore, Daniel; Rid, Thomas. "Cryptopolitik and the Darknet". Survival. Feb2016, Vol. 58 Issue 1, p7-38. 32p.

10157: 9709: 2769:"at least another seventeen black markets on Tor" and "approximately 78 IP addresses that accessed a vendor 18279: 18101: 17003: 16324: 15416: 15391: 15121: 14992: 14672: 13370: 13218:

A Presentation at the March 2017 BSides Vancouver Conference on security practices on Tor's hidden services

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on an unprotected hard drive while online can make the users' real IP addresses available to authorities.

18349: 18339: 17753: 17586: 17525: 16344: 16041: 15997: 15401: 14418: 13802: 13753: 13699: 13410: 13201: 12793: 12371: 12007:"Cops harpoon two dark net whales in megabust: AlphaBay and Hansa : Tor won't shield you, warn Feds" 11382: 3771: 3694: 3682: 3578: 3378: 2950: 2413:

developed a network scanner allowing the identification of 86% of live Tor "bridges" with a single scan.

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The project mentioned the following mitigations besides removing the attacking relays from the network:

2257:(NAT), while preserving the anonymity of both parties. Tor is necessary to access these onion services. 943: 18354: 18344: 18232: 17610: 17116: 14192: 13792: 11359: 11322:"Despite Law Enforcement Concerns, Lebanon Board Will Reactivate Privacy Network Tor at Kilton Library" 7285:"Someone Is Running Hundreds of Malicious Servers on the Tor Network and Might Be De-Anonymizing Users" 6618: 6433: 6061: 4626: 4243: 3582: 3502:

On 29 October 2015, the Tor Project released Tor Messenger Beta, an instant messaging program based on

3197: 3087: 2853: 2788: 2744:, resulting in 17 arrests internationally, that a Tor weakness had been exploited. A representative of 2648: 2580:

tracker responses, while a secondary attack method is based in part on the statistical exploitation of

2254: 2210: 1275: 9567: 7685: 5122: 3658: 2434:, can prevent the consensus nodes from communicating and thus prevent voting to update the consensus. 18364: 18146: 17995: 17842: 16704: 16576: 16520: 16500: 16225: 16185: 15795: 15431: 14796: 12627: 11199: 7112: 3731:

A very brief animated primer on Tor pluggable transports, a method of accessing the anonymity network

2383:(Java Anon Proxy, JAP) are considered more resilient to website fingerprinting techniques than other 2030: 1614: 822: 380: 38: 11497: 8741: 7650: 3009: 2995: 2981: 2967: 2633:

later found to be susceptible to the Heartbleed bug, were taken offline as a precautionary measure.

17877: 16743: 16031: 15935: 15905: 15600: 15378: 15277: 14393: 13947: 13612: 13524: 13445: 13293: 10885: 8306:(2009). "Experiences and challenges with using CERT data to analyze international cyber security". 8046: 8035:"...but remember that preventing traffic confirmation in general remains an open research problem." 6918: 5295: 4664: 3869: 3853: 3841: 3759: 3702: 3507: 3285:

browsers in many older versions of the Tor Browser Bundle were vulnerable to a JavaScript-deployed

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within Tor have begun to dwindle due to increased efforts to stop them by the Chinese government.

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issued a public statement that "We have no policy against Tor, or any other browser or software."

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services in Turkey, which were popular ways of accessing banned social media sites and services.

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Tor's application independence sets it apart from most other anonymity networks: it works at the

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In 2004, the Naval Research Laboratory released the code for Tor under a free license, and the

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This article is about the software and anonymity network. For the software's organization, see

12659:"VPN use skyrockets in Iran as citizens navigate internet censorship under Tehran's crackdown" 12006: 11435: 10880: 9853: 1564: 946:

from any such point, protecting the user's freedom and ability to communicate confidentially.

18299: 18227: 18196: 18121: 18111: 18071: 17460: 17216: 17109: 16591: 16162: 16117: 16058: 14816: 14722: 14519: 14498: 14357: 14327: 14207: 13704: 13651: 10549: 10094: 9061:"New York Man Sentenced to Six Years in Prison for Receiving and Accessing Child Pornography" 8557: 8108: 7775: 7740: 7383:"KAX17 threat actor is attempting to deanonymize Tor users running thousands of rogue relays" 7250: 4192:

in connection with a blog post there which apparently promised violence against the upcoming

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specifically mentioned Tor in the context of the debate in the U.S. about allowing so-called

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To allow download from places where accessing the Tor Project URL may be risky or blocked, a

3225: 2813: 2461: 2358: 1934: 1890: 817: 375: 339: 301: 8532: 7576: 6792: 3479: 2791:(CMU), and this concurred with the Tor Project's assessment and with an earlier analysis of 18237: 18161: 18131: 18091: 18081: 17782: 17723: 17571: 17509: 17355: 17236: 16945: 16923: 16821: 16410: 16195: 15266: 14943: 14717: 14351: 14345: 14262: 13638: 13303: 10457: 9510: 8449:"The Economics of Mass Surveillance and the Questionable Value of Anonymous Communications" 5590: 4394: 4287: 4283: 4272: 4160: 4144: 3979: 3959: 3783: 3736:

Agency (NSA) has called Tor "the king of high-secure, low-latency Internet anonymity", and

2796: 2787:, said in an interview that the institute which worked with the FBI was "almost certainly" 2465: 2275: 2250: 2249:

within the network. It can route data to and from onion services, even those hosted behind

1919: 1903: 1886: 1664: 751: 741: 370: 12216:"Police searches homes of "Zwiebelfreunde" board members as well as "OpenLab" in Augsburg" 10363:"Seated Between Pablo Escobar and Mahatma Gandhi: The Sticky Ethics of Anonymity Networks" 10175: 8448: 7652:

One Bad Apple Spoils the Bunch: Exploiting P2P Applications to Trace and Profile Tor Users

5989:"How a $ 3.85 latte paid for with a fake $ 100 bill led to counterfeit kingpin's downfall" 4878: 2683: 8: 18076: 18061: 18025: 17975: 17960: 17777: 17758: 17733: 17661: 17400: 17360: 17279: 16627: 16495: 16480: 16430: 16167: 15850: 15338: 15256: 15246: 15241: 15185: 14687: 14667: 14541: 13560: 12565: 12410: 10615: 10429: 9317:"Man branded 'largest facilitator of child porn on the planet' remanded in custody again" 8707: 8620: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8023:"Hidden service operators should consider changing the location of their hidden service." 5273: 4698: 4180:

On 20 June 2018, Bavarian police raided the homes of the board members of the non-profit

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is actively developing a free and open-source suite of applications and firmware for the

2809: 2188: 2164:. Tor periodically creates virtual circuits through the Tor network through which it can 2111: 1689: 1259: 9597: 8414:

Albert Kwon; Mashael AlSabah; David Lazar; Marc Dacier; Srinivas Devadas (August 2015).

8314: 5678:"Can you really be identified on Tor or is that just what the cops want you to believe?" 5594: 3539:

In 2016, Tor developer Mike Perry announced a prototype tor-enabled smartphone based on

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2187:(TCP) stream level. Applications whose traffic is commonly anonymized using Tor include 2133:(called the exit node), rather than the sender, is the originator of the communication. 1714: 207: 18066: 18030: 18010: 17965: 17892: 17827: 17822: 17666: 17651: 17605: 17455: 17380: 17171: 16667: 15840: 15645: 15635: 14900: 14493: 14267: 14013: 13962: 13719: 13630: 13484: 13458: 13385: 13283: 13149: 13113: 13055: 10752: 10650:

Inc., The Tor Project,. "Tor: Sponsors". www.torproject.org. Retrieved 28 October 2016.

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Data Hiding Techniques in Windows OS: A Practical Approach to Investigation and Defense

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and more than seven thousand volunteer-operated relays worldwide, users can have their

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McCoy, Damon; Bauer, Kevin; Grunwald, Dirk; Kohno, Tadayoshi; Sicker, Douglas (2008).

6671: 1787: 18294: 18186: 18156: 17901: 17646: 17350: 17176: 17028: 16864: 16829: 16637: 16420: 15608: 15489: 15236: 15221: 14775: 14677: 14508: 14257: 14237: 14202: 14174: 14039: 13904: 13812: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13714: 13547: 13395: 13380: 13331: 13221: 13120: 13094: 13072: 13059: 13024: 12291:"Gericht urteilt: Durchsuchung bei Zwiebelfreunden war rechtswidrig [Update]" 12239: 10393: 10066: 9859: 9446:"Someone is tricking Chinese YouTube users with a spyware version of the Tor Browser" 8672: 8474: 8279:. Freedom to Tinker, Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University. 7704: 7544: 6935: 6641: 5811: 5626: 5608: 4986:"The Inside Story of Tor, the Best Internet Anonymity Tool the Government Ever Built" 4844: 4807: 4417: 4201: 3511: 3262: 3254: 3189: 3173: 2741: 2509: 2361: 2279: 2192: 2175: 2146: 2130: 1983: 1911: 1291: 982: 261: 12818: 10579: 10494:"Almost everyone involved in developing Tor was (or is) funded by the US government" 8982: 8952: 8242: 6556: 6112: 5514: 4722: 4671: 1838:) and seek to subvert it. Tor was one of a dozen circumvention tools evaluated by a 17911: 17812: 17768: 17480: 17425: 17181: 16993: 16958: 16735: 16685: 16551: 16510: 16448: 16400: 16157: 16110: 15580: 14373: 14296: 14291: 14052: 14034: 13975: 13891: 13555: 13502: 13326: 13047: 12570: 11710:"New Hampshire bill allows for libraries' usage of encryption and privacy software" 11679:"House Bill 1508: An Act allowing public libraries to run certain privacy software" 11231:"U.N. report: Encryption is important to human rights — and backdoors undermine it" 10529: 9385: 9211: 8868: 8863: 7696: 7558: 7536: 7186: 6949: 6927: 6854: 6633: 6269: 5616: 5598: 5050: 4640: 4598: 4588: 4548: 3754:, and governments naturally fall into paying for infrastructure they want to use". 3650: 3622: 3568: 3438: 3141: 3063: 3056: 2862: 2841: 2365: 1907: 998: 927: 746: 544: 308: 236: 13051: 11383:"Democratic lawmaker wants to know if DHS is sabotaging plans for Tor exit relays" 4908: 3522:, implementing all chat protocols in the memory-safe language JavaScript instead. 3261:, who traced it to Aaron McGrath. After a year of surveillance, the FBI launched " 3172:

capable of accessing the Tor network. It was created as the Tor Browser Bundle by

2282:, comprehensively examines onion services for numerous flaws and vulnerabilities. 1970:

that "Tor's biggest problem is press. No one hears about that time someone wasn't

18136: 17990: 17970: 17365: 16834: 16776: 16415: 16405: 15830: 15760: 15689: 15655: 15640: 15552: 15519: 15494: 14982: 14811: 14152: 14129: 14018: 14008: 13927: 13885: 13351: 12260: 12067: 11739: 10944:"Iranian block on Tor traffic quickly foiled – The H Security: News and Features" 10783: 9302: 9206: 9079: 8804: 8553: 8077: 7116: 7085: 4676: 4451:

This level provides the most usable experience, and the lowest level of security.

4319: 4110: 4058: 4042: 4038: 3906: 3818: 3291: 3185: 3051: 3033: 2380: 1835: 1015: 915: 708: 587: 549: 486: 481: 289: 101: 87: 63: 10116: 9921: 8416:"Circuit Fingerprinting Attacks: Passive Deanonymization of Tor Hidden Services" 8413: 7700: 7693:

Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies

6629: 6309:"As domestic abuse goes digital, shelters turn to counter-surveillance with Tor" 3631: 2575:, INRIA), documented an attack that is capable of revealing the IP addresses of 2265:

that indexes pages to help find content in websites located on the Tor network.

2237:. The Tor network understands these addresses by looking up their corresponding 355: 17597: 17470: 17415: 17395: 17049: 16968: 16652: 16632: 16505: 15590: 15386: 14915: 14702: 14227: 14184: 14168: 14094: 14023: 13897: 13843: 13346: 13108: 13086: 12317:"LG München I: Hausdurchsuchungen bei Verein Zwiebelfreunde waren rechtswidrig" 10979: 10189: 10145: 9981: 9296:

Man behind world's biggest source of child abuse imagery is jailed for 27 years

8179:"Court Docs Show a University Helped FBI Bust Silk Road 2, Child Porn Suspects" 7540: 6403: 6185: 4335: 4213: 4185: 4181: 4105: 4074: 4054: 3914: 3893: 3807: 3751: 3594: 3585:

to improve the security of mobile communications. The applications include the

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by their abuser. They hear how somebody got away with downloading child porn."

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and illicit purposes. Tor has, for example, been used by criminal enterprises,

1470: 1451: 1435: 1323: 1097: 1002: 703: 521: 511: 13217: 13197: 13170: 12411:"The Chinese edition of my new book, #PermanentRecord, has just been censored" 11792: 11467:"Esta biblioteca valenciana es la segunda del mundo en unirse al proyecto Tor" 11414:"Congresswoman Asks Feds Why They Pressured a Library to Disable Its Tor Node" 11105:"Russian government offers huge reward for help unmasking anonymous Tor users" 10844: 8896:"Feds bust through huge Tor-hidden child porn site using questionable malware" 8650: 6181:"Not Even the NSA Can Crack the State Department's Favorite Anonymous Service" 4781: 4447:

Standard (default) – at this security level, all browser features are enabled.

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and announced in January 2008. The Tor Browser consists of a modified Mozilla

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in Canada: Tor's Circuit-Layer Cryptography: Attacks, Hacks, and Improvements

8777: 8303: 8243:"Tor Project claims FBI paid university researchers $ 1m to unmask Tor users" 8113: 6914: 6117: 5712: 5677: 5649: 5612: 4538: 4421: 4367: 4242:

announced it has banned Tor and six VPN services for failing to abide by the

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have always cared deeply about protecting privacy, intellectual freedom, and

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when using Tor or when using an IP address also used by a Tor exit node. The

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agencies, albeit with marginal success, and more successfully by the British

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Jansen, Rob; Tschorsch, Florian; Johnson, Aaron; Scheuermann, Björn (2014).

6931: 5603: 5020: 1878:, as being "a dark corner of the web". It has been targeted by the American 18206: 18086: 17985: 17921: 17916: 17906: 17857: 17852: 17797: 17404: 17054: 16998: 16756: 16662: 16443: 15775: 15567: 15396: 15330: 15193: 15100: 14801: 14765: 14755: 14747: 14692: 14458: 14232: 14212: 14090: 13994: 13990: 13940: 13825: 13589: 13321: 12351: 11832:"Canadian Librarians Must Be Ready to Fight the Feds on Running a Tor Node" 11076: 10016: 9951: 9418: 9321: 9145: 7873: 7027: 6733: 6313: 6218: 5930: 5630: 5451: 5189: 4608: 4492: 4413: 4147:

errors outside of the ambit of the Tor network led to the site's downfall.

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The Tor Project's FAQ offers supporting reasons for the EFF's endorsement:

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Tor enables its users to surf the Internet, chat and send instant messages

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Appelbaum J, Gibson A, Goetz J, Kabisch V, Kampf L, Ryge L (3 July 2014).

10493: 9763:"Tor phone is antidote to Google "hostility" over Android, says developer" 9737:"Tor phone is antidote to Google "hostility" over Android, says developer" 9174:"Tor Browser Bundle for Windows users susceptible to info-stealing attack" 8582: 8142:"Operation Onymous seizes hundreds of darknet sites, 17 arrested globally" 7742:

The Sniper Attack: Anonymously Deanonymizing and Disabling the Tor Network

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Herrmann, Dominik; Wendolsky, Rolf; Federrath, Hannes (13 November 2009).

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repository is maintained with links for releases hosted in other domains.

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address." One of these IP addresses led to the arrest of the administrator

1842:-funded report based on user experience from China in 2010, which include 18191: 18171: 18040: 18005: 17941: 17867: 17630: 17519: 17514: 17465: 17440: 17430: 17274: 17231: 17226: 17132: 16963: 16657: 16177: 15865: 15785: 15730: 15650: 15154: 14987: 14860: 14850: 14760: 14503: 14485: 14247: 14063: 13986: 13911: 13471: 13341: 13270: 7152: 5644: 5550: 4121: 4118: 4070: 4050: 4002: 3836: 3811: 3503: 3295: 3270: 3169: 3134: 3130: 2916: 2833: 2629: 2588:

significant because it is the first documented attack designed to target

2505: 2286: 2084: 1489: 1339: 1243: 1145: 660: 423: 293: 11823: 4963: 4005:(D-Calif) released a letter on 10 December 2015, in which she asked the 3982:

in encryption programs for law enforcement purposes in an interview for

2733:

recommended that onion services should consider changing their locations

2285:

Onion services can also be accessed from a standard web browser without

2141: 650: 18096: 17882: 17872: 17817: 17807: 17676: 17499: 17450: 17420: 17221: 16859: 16844: 16642: 15971: 15915: 15845: 15720: 15715: 15665: 15630: 15623: 15585: 15575: 15514: 15300: 15211: 15201: 15051: 15021: 14855: 14697: 14577: 14463: 14448: 14410: 14146: 14047: 13969: 13921: 13916: 13879: 13831: 13534: 13489: 13336: 13311: 12848:"Building a new Tor that can resist next-generation state surveillance" 10662:"The feds pay for 60 percent of Tor's development. Can users trust it?" 10462: 10239: 8951:

Miller, Matthew; Stroschein, Joshua; Podhradsky, Ashley (25 May 2016).

7584:

Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE CS

7322:"A mysterious threat actor is running hundreds of malicious Tor relays" 7177: 6637: 5577:

Jardine, Eric; Lindner, Andrew M.; Owenson, Gareth (15 December 2020).

5479:"Leaping Over the Firewall: A Review of Censorship Circumvention Tools" 4310: 4189: 3825:. In October 2013, after analyzing documents leaked by Edward Snowden, 3586: 3572: 3560: 3556: 3446: 3423: 3346: 3265:" which resulted in McGrath's arrest and allowed them to install their 3212: 3071: 2936: 2866:

speculated it was the "Circuit Fingerprinting Attack" presented at the

2829: 2619: 2576: 2427: 2238: 2118: 2102: 2012: 1996: 1827: 978: 655: 577: 539: 96: 13226: 13182: 8047:"Global Web Crackdown Arrests 17, Seizes Hundreds Of Dark Net Domains" 5926:"Feds shutter online narcotics store that used Tor to hide its tracks" 5447:"NSA and GCHQ target Tor network that protects anonymity of web users" 2776:

the chronology and nature of the attack fitted well with the operation

17931: 17926: 17787: 17620: 17615: 17576: 17545: 17540: 17504: 17445: 17298: 17023: 17013: 17008: 16953: 16849: 16811: 16607: 15802: 15790: 15780: 15745: 15710: 15705: 15618: 15524: 15426: 15358: 15295: 15206: 15077: 15072: 14910: 14884: 14873: 14469: 14363: 14308: 13745: 13643: 13510: 13427: 12501:"Tor Project appeals Russian court's decision to block access to Tor" 12471:"Russia Ratchets up Internet Control by Blocking Privacy Service Tor" 11290: 11043: 9178: 7151:. IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. Oakland, US. Archived from 7054: 5216: 4877:

Dingledine, Roger; Mathewson, Nick; Syverson, Paul (13 August 2004).

4618: 4383: 3857: 3698: 3608: 3452: 3286: 3126: 3097: 3077: 2836:

level which could potentially identify and correlate a user's unique

2825: 2548: 2535: 2406:

required a large amount of data before HTTP packets were identified.

2169: 2161: 2126: 1895: 1843: 1819: 1307: 1070: 1065: 1043: 1034:

in its early years, and early financial supporters included the U.S.

1023: 919: 645: 597: 559: 433: 418: 272: 241: 82: 12347:"China's clampdown on Tor pushes its hackers into foreign backyards" 9267:"Man sought in US on child porn charges further remanded in custody" 8864:"Visit the Wrong Website, and the FBI Could End Up in Your Computer" 7869:"Tor network's ranks of relay servers cut because of Heartbleed bug" 6972:

Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Cloud Computing Security Workshop (CCSW)

2679: 1030:

responsible for maintaining Tor. The EFF acted as The Tor Project's

18181: 18045: 17862: 17792: 17748: 17743: 17625: 17550: 17535: 17018: 16931: 16908: 16903: 16796: 16781: 16696: 15987: 15961: 15890: 15750: 15740: 15725: 15670: 15547: 15499: 15466: 15441: 15421: 15406: 15251: 15216: 14905: 14806: 14559: 14387: 14381: 14197: 14075: 13873: 12690:"Per Snowflake ins TOR-Netzwerk: Online-Gasse für Menschen in Iran" 12126: 11884: 11109: 9013:"Federal Cybersecurity Director Found Guilty on Child Porn Charges" 7748:. 21st Annual Network & Distributed System Security Symposium. 7613:"BBC iPlayer Help – Why does BBC iPlayer think I'm outside the UK?" 7531: 5246: 4558: 4543: 4140: 4019: 3849: 3690: 3314:

researchers found that when looking up "Tor Browser" in Chinese on

3303:; further technical details from a training presentation leaked by 3181: 2216: 2150: 1971: 1851: 1823: 1113: 1090: 934: 665: 630: 612: 602: 592: 461: 428: 14651: 13160: 10293: 10278: 8983:"The FBI Used the Web's Favorite Hacking Tool to Unmask Tor Users" 8708:"The Design and Implementation of the Tor Browser [DRAFT]" 7948:"Tor security advisory: "relay early" traffic confirmation attack" 7006:"Zmap's Fast Internet Scan Tool Could Spread Zero Days In Minutes" 2078: 18141: 18126: 18000: 17738: 17671: 17489: 17390: 16913: 16883: 16801: 16133: 16010: 16005: 15956: 15770: 15504: 15471: 15461: 15436: 15368: 15348: 15290: 15231: 15225: 15031: 15026: 15011: 14927: 14866: 14845: 14607: 14565: 14553: 14547: 14535: 14513: 14302: 14277: 14140: 14108: 14080: 14057: 13848: 13620: 13597: 13568: 12029: 11998: 9381:"FBI Admits It Controlled Tor Servers Behind Mass Malware Attack" 7738: 7352:"Over 25% Of Tor Exit Relays Spied On Users' Dark Web Activities" 6373:"U.K. Parliament says banning Tor is unacceptable and impossible" 5445:

Ball, James; Schneier, Bruce; Greenwald, Glenn (4 October 2013).

4613: 4603: 4568: 4553: 4136: 3949: 3945: 3564: 3419: 3315: 3282: 3177: 2800: 2745: 2622: 2556: 2403: 2399: 2302: 2290: 1871: 1403: 761: 675: 554: 476: 438: 67: 13155: 12909:"Aussie cops ran child porn site for months, revealed 30 US IPs" 11072:"Russia publicly joins war on Tor privacy with $ 111,000 bounty" 9891: 7648: 7523:

2017 51st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers

7142:

Akhoondi, Masoud; Yu, Curtis; Madhyastha, Harsha V. (May 2012).

6920:

Proceedings of the 2009 ACM workshop on Cloud computing security

4751: 4476:

Safest – at this security level, these additional changes apply:

3338: 3307:

revealed the code name for the exploit as "EgotisticalGiraffe".

2573:

Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique

2569:

French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation

2179:

A Tor non-exit relay with a maximum output of 239.69 kbit/s

1945:

acknowledged that Tor has "known legitimate uses". According to

977:

communications online. Onion routing is implemented by means of

18201: 18166: 18151: 18116: 18020: 17951: 17837: 17832: 17802: 17728: 17562: 17494: 17385: 17375: 17293: 17246: 17101: 16973: 16869: 16839: 16786: 16063: 15910: 15456: 15411: 15363: 15315: 14949: 14602: 14571: 14399: 14134: 14124: 14069: 14002: 13709: 13674: 13529: 8809: 7520: 7458:"Des chercheurs Francais cassent le reseau d'anonymisation Tor" 6705: 6144: 5864:"The Underground Website Where You Can Buy Any Drug Imaginable" 5322:"Study Claims Dark Web Sites Are Most Commonly Used for Crimes" 4573: 4139:) was fundamental to the operation of the dark web marketplace 3799: 3795: 3706: 3612: 3300: 3294:'s owner, Eric Eoin Marques, who was arrested on a provisional 3236: 2867: 2770: 2628:

disrupted the Tor network for several days in April 2014 while

2559:

service, although non-exit relays and bridges are not blocked.

2306: 2294: 2230: 2105:

in a multi-layered manner (hence the onion metaphor) to ensure

1992: 1195: 1055: 635: 395: 385: 15114:

indicates that maintenance of the tool has been discontinued.

13185:, a dynamic visualization of data flowing over the Tor network 12879:"FBI: An Account on Clinton's Private Email Server Was Hacked" 10784:"Dark net experts trade theories on 'de-cloaking' after raids" 8957:

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

7182:"Rogue Nodes Turn Tor Anonymizer Into Eavesdropper's Paradise" 6913:

Herrmann, Dominik; Wendolsky, Rolf; Federrath, Hannes (2009).

6626:

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy

5895:"How Your Teenage Son or Daughter May Be Buying Heroin Online" 2828:

demonstrated laboratory techniques using time measurement via

2278:

OnionScan program, written by independent security researcher

18106: 18015: 17269: 17241: 17204: 16647: 15966: 15940: 15880: 15855: 15613: 15557: 15542: 15446: 15353: 15310: 15305: 15285: 14791: 14102: 13854: 13837: 13820: 13669: 13435: 13278: 13143: 12135:"Shocked by gruesome crime, cyber execs help FBI on dark web" 11529:"Mapping How Tor's Anonymity Network Spread Around the World" 9822: 9792: 9207:"Feds Are Suspects in New Malware That Attacks Tor Anonymity" 9080:"Feds Are Suspects in New Malware That Attacks Tor Anonymity" 8385:"Agora, the Dark Web's Biggest Drug Market, Is Going Offline" 7902:"Tor begins blacklisting exit nodes vulnerable to Heartbleed" 7480: 4306: 3989:

In July 2015, the Tor Project announced an alliance with the

3877: 3775: 3590: 3515: 3456: 3278:

Cyber Security Director being sentenced in subsequent cases.

3201: 3193: 3081: 2555:

blocks the IP addresses of all known Tor exit nodes from its

2157: 1419: 1387: 1059: 990: 685: 640: 496: 456: 257: 249: 59:

Free and open-source anonymity network based on onion routing

11801:"Can You Be Arrested for Running a Tor Exit Node In Canada?" 11701: 10602: 10394:"WikiLeaks Was Launched With Documents Intercepted From Tor" 9414:"Attacking Tor: how the NSA targets users' online anonymity" 8706:

Perry, Mike; Clark, Erinn; Murdoch, Steven (15 March 2013).

4457:

Safer – at this security level, the following changes apply:

3948:

had been discouraging customers from using the Tor Browser,

18035: 17581: 17264: 17199: 17033: 16806: 16791: 16586: 15755: 15534: 13865: 13679: 13602: 13171:"How Tor Browser Protects Your Privacy and Identity Online" 11893:"Developer of anonymous Tor software dodges FBI, leaves US" 10914:"How the TOR Project defeated Iran filters inside 24 hours" 10547: 10332:"Domestic violence survivors turn to Tor to escape abusers" 10109: 9914: 9350:"Tor security advisory: Old Tor Browser Bundles vulnerable" 8345: 7428:"Tor anonymizing network compromised by French researchers" 6793:"New Service Makes Tor Anonymized Content Available to All" 4876: 4486:

Audio and video (HTML5 media), and WebGL are click-to-play.

4470:

Audio and video (HTML5 media), and WebGL are click-to-play.

4010: 4006: 3873: 3845: 3665: 3552: 2740:

In November 2014 there was speculation in the aftermath of

2606: 2431: 2395: 1946: 1883: 1371: 1227: 680: 516: 471: 400: 16102: 12785: 12628:"Tor GitLab – [Russia] Some ISPs are blocking Tor" 12532:"Russia Rolls Down Internet Iron Curtain, but Gaps Remain" 12441:"Russia Bans More VPN Products and TOR – December 8, 2021" 11649:"This is what a Tor Supporter looks like: Molly Crabapple" 11559:"This is What a Tor Supporter Looks Like: Daniel Ellsberg" 9341: 8950: 6962: 6912: 6619:"2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P'06)" 5833:"'Dark Net' Kiddie Porn Website Stymies FBI Investigation" 5274:"Dr Gareth Owen: Tor: Hidden Services and Deanonymisation" 4467:

Some mechanisms of displaying math equations are disabled.

4294:

China, with its highly centralized control of its internet

2638: 17681: 17211: 15825: 15735: 15343: 15016: 12252: 11619:"This is What a Tor Supporter Looks Like: Edward Snowden" 10079: 8487: 8354:"Tor Users Can Be Tracked Based On Their Mouse Movements" 8323:"Tor Users Can Be Tracked Based on Their Mouse Movements" 6877: 4966:

International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies

4578: 4483:

Some fonts, icons, math symbols, and images are disabled.

4267: 4263: 4165: 4129: 4093: 4026: 3604: 3527: 3431: 3319: 3258: 3157: 2753: 2552: 2391: 2261:

publicly known onion addresses. TorSearch is an internet

2145:

A visual depiction of the traffic between some Tor relay

1129: 607: 324: 265: 253: 12756:"Snowflake Makes It Easy For Anyone to Fight Censorship" 12176: 11879:

my name is isis agora lovecruft not Isis Agora Lovecruft

11589:"This is What a Tor Supporter Looks Like: Cory Doctorow" 11498:"IBM Tells Companies To Block Tor Anonymisation Network" 10815:"Prying Eyes: Inside the NSA's War on Internet Security" 10516: 9198: 9141:"Peeling back the layers of Tor with EgotisticalGiraffe" 7829: 6404:"NSA and GCHQ agents 'leak Tor bugs', alleges developer" 4493:

Introduction of Proof-of-Work Defense for Onion Services

12998: 11436:"Tor crusader discuss privacy, freedom with ExpressVPN" 10611:"Tor: an anonymous, and controversial, way to web-surf" 9655:"Tor 'sunsets' secure Messenger that never exited beta" 7683: 7575:

Murdoch, Steven J.; Danezis, George (19 January 2006).

6720: 6702:"TorSearch: a search engine specifically for Tor pages" 6342:"The Guardian introduces SecureDrop for document leaks" 6247:"Tor: An Anonymous, And Controversial, Way to Web-Surf" 5676:

Boiten, Eerke; Hernandez-Castro, Julio (28 July 2014).

4282:

Iran implemented rolling internet blackouts during the

4188:, which handles the European financial transactions of 2897:

The main implementation of Tor is written primarily in

2442: 1953:(EFF) and other civil liberties groups as a method for 17144: 13001:"Introducing Proof-of-Work Defense for Onion Services" 12970:"SECURITY SETTINGS | Tor Project | Tor Browser Manual" 10213:"Brave advances browser privacy with Tor-powered tabs" 10001: 9944: 9884: 8677:"New Tor distribution for testing: Tor Browser Bundle" 8635: 7941: 7939: 7767: 6824:"The Closest Thing to a Map of the Dark Net: Pastebin" 6549: 5675: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5185:"Tor developers vow to fix bug that can uncloak users" 4935:"ABOUT TOR BROWSER | Tor Project | Tor Browser Manual" 3184:

and the Tor proxy. Users can run the Tor Browser from

2368:, it cannot prevent traffic confirmation (also called 997:

of Tor, developed by Syverson and computer scientists

12786:"The Tor Project | Privacy & Freedom Online" 12145: 11954:"Turkey Partially Blocks Access to Tor and Some VPNs" 11854: 9629:"Tor Project Shuts Down Development Of Tor Messenger" 9372: 6926:. New York, New York, US: ACM Press. pp. 31–42. 6300: 6278:"Where Domestic Violence and Cybersecurity Intersect" 6214:"What is Tor? A beginner's guide to the privacy tool" 5576: 5444: 5409:"Hunting for child porn, FBI stymied by Tor undernet" 5400: 4624: 3712: 3672: 3410:

https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor-messenger-build.git

2379:

revealed that Tor and the alternative network system

13391:

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

12940:"Tor Browser Privacy Setting-How to Setup Properly?" 12598:"Russian court lifts block on Tor Project – for now" 12566:"How Tor Is Fighting—and Beating—Russian Censorship" 11915: 10722:"'Tor Stinks' presentation – read the full document" 10572: 10158:"Tor at the Heart: Onion Browser (and more iOS Tor)" 9231: 8699: 7489:"Rumors of Tor's compromise are greatly exaggerated" 7141: 6666: 6664: 6426: 2390:

The reason for this is that conventional single-hop

933:

Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace a user's

13179:—Presentation at the 31st Chaos Computer Conference 12842: 12840: 11762: 10966: 8212:"Did the FBI Pay a University to Attack Tor Users?" 8173: 8171: 8169: 8167: 7936: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7638: 6974:. Cloud Computing Security Workshop. New York, US: 6846: 6080:"In the Silk Road Case, Don't Blame the Technology" 5431: 5371: 5369: 3571:messenger routes all messaging via Tor by default. 2289:connection to the Tor network, using services like 1822:, and is used by a wide variety of people for both 16582:International Association of Privacy Professionals 14612:*Maintains additional presence on the surface web 13112: 8953:"Reverse Engineering a NIT That Unmasks Tor Users" 8735: 8733: 8234: 8078:"Huge raid to shut down 400-plus dark net sites –" 6456: 5917: 5824: 5546:"Egyptians turn to Tor to organise dissent online" 4238:On 8 December 2021, the Russian government agency 4069:In March 2016, New Hampshire state representative 4061:, amongst others, announced their support of Tor. 3603:is open-source, privacy-enhancing web browser for 1902:, distribution of illegal sexual content, selling 12877:Groll, Elias; Francis, David (2 September 2016). 11352:"Lofgren questions DHS policy towards Tor Relays" 11261:"Tor Exit Nodes in Libraries – Pilot (phase one)" 10040:"Orfox: Aspiring to bring Tor Browser to Android" 9405: 9165: 9133: 8705: 8038: 7402:"[tor-relays] Recent rejection of relays" 7170: 7082:"Introducing Bastet, Our New Directory Authority" 7052: 6661: 6058:United States of America v. Ross William Ulbricht 6042: 5637: 4782:"Announcing Arti, a pure-Rust Tor implementation" 3681:make or made extensive use of Tor. These include 2645:CERT Coordination Center § Operation Onymous 2567:In March 2011, researchers with the Rocquencourt 2421:Like many decentralized systems, Tor relies on a 973:Michael G. Reed and David Goldschlag, to protect 18256: 16547:Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility 12837: 10999: 10262: 10182: 8301: 8206: 8204: 8164: 7893: 7635: 7570: 7568: 7237: 6617:Øverlier, Lasse; Syverson, Paul (21 June 2006). 6616: 6525:"How Do Tor Users Interact With Onion Services?" 6434:"Doesn't Tor enable criminals to do bad things?" 5366: 3976:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 2847: 2490: 13204:in The Netherlands on anonymity systems in 2016 13011: 11740:"New Hampshire HB1508 – 2016 – Regular Session" 9815: 9308: 8730: 8533:"New Release: Tor Browser 13.5.3 | Tor Project" 8069: 7420: 7110: 5958:"Treasury Dept: Tor a Big Source of Bank Fraud" 5855: 5793: 5762: 5583:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4872: 4870: 4840:Tor: From the Dark Web to the Future of Privacy 4480:JavaScript is disabled by default on all sites. 3962:downloads of Tor Browser from the Tor Project. 3944:In September 2014, in response to reports that 3621:added support for Tor in its desktop browser's 1978:had about four million users. According to the 1949:, Tor's anonymity function is "endorsed by the 13189:Tor onion services: more useful than you think 12530:Schechner, Sam; Hagey, Keach (12 March 2022). 12529: 11030: 10425:"Five ways to stop the NSA from spying on you" 9710:"How to anonymize all of your apps on Android" 9533: 9063:. US Department of Justice. 17 December 2015. 8805:"This repository contains TorBrowser Releases" 8270: 8268: 7574: 6956: 6588:"Add first draft of rendezvous point document" 6179:Harris, Shane; Hudson, John (4 October 2014). 6020:"New Malware Intentionally Bricks IoT Devices" 5043: 5015: 5013: 2930:Tor Browser showing its start page – about:tor 2824:In March 2016, a security researcher based in 2748:was secretive about the method used, saying: " 2026:Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology 1077:Over the course of its existence, various Tor 930:routed via a random path through the network. 17117: 16712: 16118: 15170: 15146: 14637: 13761: 13242: 13037: 11405: 11005: 10812: 9264: 9005: 8446: 8201: 7860: 7732: 7677: 7565: 7450: 6855:"One cell is enough to break Tor's anonymity" 6632:. Oakland, Calif.: IEEE CS Press. p. 1. 6364: 6104: 6071: 5537: 3607:, which uses Tor. It is available in the iOS 3244: 3228:, and it also helps to prevent creation of a 3180:ESR web browser, the TorButton, TorLauncher, 2460:traffic passing through it that does not use 2149:from the open-source packet sniffing program 2114:that relies upon blocking public Tor relays. 892: 12876: 11708:O'Neill, Patrick Howell (18 February 2016). 10653: 9851: 9045:. US Department of Justice. 5 January 2015. 8764: 8665: 7798: 6178: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4867: 4800: 3868:In March 2011, The Tor Project received the 3743:spies haven't figured out how to crack it". 1999:, Tor is used by news organizations such as 1036:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 17091:National Security Agency#Software backdoors 12244:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 11707: 11166: 10973:Wittmeyer, Alicia P.Q. (26 November 2012). 10750: 10071:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 9845: 9480:"Tor Messenger Beta: Chat over Tor, Easily" 9111:"Firefox Zero-Day Used in Child Porn Hunt?" 8479:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 8265: 8107:O'Neill, Patrick Howell (7 November 2014). 8106: 7804: 7773: 7206: 7135: 7113:"10 years of collecting Tor directory data" 6610: 6370: 6174: 6172: 6137: 5010: 4081:. The bill was passed by the House 268–62. 4022:, implemented in the first months of 2016. 3758:Project's $ 2M annual budget came from the 3567:instant messenger include Tor support. The 3546: 3281:In August 2013, it was discovered that the 2893:Guardian Project (software) § Projects 1906:, weapons, and stolen credit card numbers, 23: 17124: 17110: 16719: 16705: 16125: 16111: 15184: 15177: 15163: 14644: 14630: 13788: 13768: 13754: 13249: 13235: 13191:in a 2016 presentation at the 32nd Annual 13166:Archived: Official List of mirror websites 13148: 12999:Pavel (Tor blog writer) (23 August 2023). 12813: 12811: 12650: 11924:"Trump Preparedness: Digital Security 101" 11319: 10873: 10751:O'Neill, Patrick Howell (2 October 2014). 9347: 8277:"Why were CERT researchers attacking Tor?" 8109:"The truth behind Tor's confidence crisis" 8032: 8020: 8008: 7996: 7984: 7972: 7945: 7930: 7807:"Rejecting 380 vulnerable guard/exit keys" 7586:. IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 6852: 6011: 5079: 4744: 4696: 4461:JavaScript is disabled on non-HTTPS sites. 3008: 2994: 2980: 2966: 2682:. Please do not remove this message until 2649:Operation Onymous § Tor 0-day exploit 2515: 2454: 2021:to protect the privacy of whistleblowers. 899: 885: 206: 143: 24: 17081:List of router and firewall distributions 12721:Schwarzer, Matthias (30 September 2022). 12720: 12688:Küchemann, Fridtjof (27 September 2022). 12687: 12559: 12557: 11982:. Justice.gov. 20 July 2017. p. 27. 11860: 11526: 11411: 11167:O'Neill, Patrick Howell (26 March 2015). 11135: 11096: 11069: 11063: 10972: 10837: 10806: 10487: 10485: 10210: 9952:"Orbot: Mobile Anonymity + Circumvention" 9785: 8382: 8351: 8075: 8044: 7866: 7530: 7145:LASTor: A Low-Latency AS-Aware Tor Client 6753: 6585: 5892: 5620: 5602: 4972: 4879:"Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router" 2702:Learn how and when to remove this message 866:Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients 13177:Tor: Hidden Services and Deanonymisation 13107: 13085: 12035: 11972: 11890: 11495: 11228: 11197: 11036: 10775: 10609:Fowler, Geoffrey A. (17 December 2012). 9652: 9598:"Sunsetting Tor Messenger | Tor Project" 9473: 9471: 9411: 8575: 7380: 6997: 6729:"Tor at heart of embassy passwords leak" 6371:O'Neill, Patrick Howell (9 March 2015). 6245:Fowler, Geoffrey A. (17 December 2012). 6169: 6110: 5543: 4983: 4901: 4366:Tor does not provide protection against 4126:2016 United States presidential election 3716: 3384:0.5.0-beta-1 / 28 September 2017 2781:International Computer Science Institute 2678:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2174: 2140: 2121:of the sender and the recipient are not 2033:, the utility of its onion services for 1064: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 18335:Internet properties established in 2002 13256: 12808: 12753: 12563: 12408: 12377: 12151: 12132: 12068:"Information Security Memo for Members" 11829: 11798: 11464: 10911: 10329: 9378: 9204: 9077: 8861: 8671: 8554:"Download Tor Browser in your language" 8320: 8100: 7381:Paganini, Pierluigi (3 December 2021). 7374: 6821: 6306: 6077: 6017: 5986: 4836: 4697:Dingledine, Roger (20 September 2002). 4690: 3575:allows users to share files using Tor. 2819: 2639:Relay early traffic confirmation attack 960:United States Naval Research Laboratory 14: 18257: 13775: 13018: 12858:from the original on 11 September 2016 12554: 12378:Stegner, Isabella (12 November 2019). 12258: 12182: 12098:"INFORMATION SECURITY RECOMMENDATIONS" 12004: 11986:from the original on 23 September 2020 11921: 11508:from the original on 10 September 2015 11424:from the original on 22 December 2015. 11380: 11320:Doyle-Burr, Nora (16 September 2015). 11301:from the original on 19 September 2015 11200:"When Is a Tor Block Not a Tor Block?" 11136:Livingood, Jason (15 September 2014). 11102: 10912:Lambert, Patrick (21 September 2011). 10608: 10491: 10482: 10455: 10391: 10360: 10219:from the original on 27 September 2018 10200:from the original on 17 November 2021. 10127:from the original on 24 September 2014 10050:from the original on 13 September 2015 10031: 9932:from the original on 24 September 2014 9626: 9171: 8817:from the original on 23 September 2020 8773:"Tor Browser Bundle-Tor Goes Portable" 8770: 8530: 8447:Danezis1, George; Wittneben, Bettina. 8274: 8139: 7899: 7486: 7399: 7215:"Tor hack proposed to catch criminals" 7176: 7055:"Getting Started with Tor Development" 6891:from the original on 16 September 2020 6865:from the original on 20 September 2010 6853:Dingledine, Roger (18 February 2009). 6790: 6741:from the original on 25 September 2007 6726: 6694: 6630:IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy 6401: 6321:from the original on 14 September 2014 6275: 6244: 6211: 6048: 5923: 5406: 5341: 5300:Survival: Global Politics and Strategy 5182: 2542: 2495:In October 2011, a research team from 2136: 17702: 17319: 17143: 17105: 16700: 16562:Electronic Privacy Information Center 16106: 15158: 15145: 14684:Censorship and blocking technologies 14625: 13749: 13289:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 13230: 13066: 12919:from the original on 8 September 2016 12638:from the original on 30 December 2022 12608:from the original on 30 December 2022 12421:from the original on 12 November 2019 12390:from the original on 15 November 2019 12327:from the original on 15 February 2021 12114:from the original on 7 September 2020 11960:from the original on 20 December 2016 11799:Pearson, Jordan (25 September 2015). 11527:Greenberg, Andy (14 September 2015). 11412:Kopfstein, Janus (12 December 2015). 11271:from the original on 8 September 2015 10881:"2010 Free Software Awards announced" 10794:from the original on 12 November 2014 10692:"Tor is Not as Safe as You May Think" 10672:from the original on 9 September 2013 10522: 10342:from the original on 2 September 2014 10273:[Make Tor go the whole hog]. 10268: 10237: 10146:Endless / Onion Browser License (OBL) 10037: 9760: 9734: 9578:from the original on 22 November 2015 9539: 9508: 9477: 9468: 9393:from the original on 21 December 2013 9121:from the original on 13 December 2020 9108: 9023:from the original on 23 February 2019 8993:from the original on 22 February 2019 8283:from the original on 5 September 2016 8253:from the original on 17 November 2015 8222:from the original on 18 November 2015 8189:from the original on 21 November 2015 8121:from the original on 10 November 2014 7835: 7516: 7514: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7225:from the original on 10 February 2019 7212: 7194:from the original on 31 December 2008 7092:from the original on 25 November 2020 7079: 7003: 6834:from the original on 22 December 2016 6682:from the original on 23 December 2018 6598:from the original on 15 November 2018 6567:from the original on 15 December 2018 6537:from the original on 28 December 2018 6504:from the original on 12 December 2018 6339: 6257:from the original on 19 February 2014 6125:from the original on 10 December 2010 6113:"Tor anonymity server admin arrested" 6111:Soghoian, Chris (16 September 2007). 6030:from the original on 19 February 2019 5905:from the original on 10 February 2015 5799: 5558:from the original on 13 December 2011 5459:from the original on 28 February 2019 5375: 5092:from the original on 13 February 2017 5080:Dingledine, Rogert (8 October 2003). 4762:from the original on 3 September 2014 4510:without compromising user anonymity. 4373: 2873: 2416: 1514: 16726: 16087: 15126: 12980:from the original on 6 February 2023 12950:from the original on 6 February 2023 12937: 12889:from the original on 31 October 2020 12796:from the original on 31 October 2019 12766:from the original on 10 October 2022 12747: 12735:from the original on 10 October 2022 12714: 12702:from the original on 10 October 2022 12681: 12669:from the original on 10 October 2022 12481:from the original on 8 December 2021 12451:from the original on 8 December 2021 12409:Snowden, Edward (11 November 2019). 12359:from the original on 10 October 2018 12297:from the original on 12 October 2019 12078:from the original on 20 January 2021 11934:from the original on 25 October 2020 11861:lovecruft, isis agora (7 May 2020). 11539:from the original on 3 February 2016 11496:Broersma, Matthew (26 August 2015). 11465:Gonzalo, Marilín (26 January 2016). 11210:from the original on 15 October 2022 11138:"Setting the Record Straight on Tor" 11018:from the original on 20 October 2014 10954:from the original on 18 October 2022 10924:from the original on 15 October 2022 10825:from the original on 24 January 2015 10659: 10541: 10164:from the original on 28 August 2017. 9986:, Guardian Project, 25 August 2022, 9852:Hassan, Nihad; Hijazi, Rami (2016). 9685:"Tor Mobile | Tor Project | Support" 9509:Singh, Sukhbir (28 September 2017). 9490:from the original on 30 October 2015 9456:from the original on 18 October 2022 9379:Poulsen, Kevin (13 September 2013). 9314: 8876:from the original on 11 January 2018 8843:. Free Law Project. 12 December 2013 8739: 8605: 8461:from the original on 25 October 2016 8240: 8152:from the original on 8 November 2014 7805:Dingledine, Roger (16 April 2014b). 7499:from the original on 30 January 2012 7468:from the original on 16 October 2011 7438:from the original on 7 December 2011 7408:from the original on 4 December 2021 7385:. cybersecurityworldconference.com. 7362:from the original on 5 December 2021 7332:from the original on 17 January 2023 7295:from the original on 5 December 2021 7243: 7061:from the original on 22 January 2021 7053:George Tankersley (4 October 2017). 7034:from the original on 12 January 2021 6657:from the original on 10 August 2013. 6557:"Configuring Onion Services for Tor" 6414:from the original on 2 February 2019 6092:from the original on 26 January 2014 6049:Turner, Serrin (27 September 2013). 5968:from the original on 3 February 2019 5893:Steinberg, Joseph (8 January 2015). 5861: 5830: 5781:from the original on 21 October 2013 5768: 5688:from the original on 1 February 2019 5657:from the original on 20 October 2013 5061:from the original on 17 January 2016 5031:from the original on 13 January 2023 4883:Proc. 13th USENIX Security Symposium 4818:from the original on 5 November 2018 4699:"Pre-alpha: run an onion proxy now!" 4377: 4329: 4299: 2652: 2443:Autonomous system (AS) eavesdropping 2320: 989:stack, nested like the layers of an 958:, was developed in the mid-1990s by 954:The core principle of Tor, known as 16542:Center for Democracy and Technology 14597: 13776: 13406:United States Department of Defense 12819:"Tor: Overview – Staying anonymous" 12213: 11446:from the original on 31 August 2017 11144:from the original on 4 January 2021 11103:Lucian, Constantin (25 July 2014). 10861:from the original on 8 October 2018 10781: 10732:from the original on 29 August 2014 10702:from the original on 27 August 2014 10550:"NSA targets the privacy-conscious" 10437:from the original on 4 October 2014 10422: 10404:from the original on 12 August 2014 10373:from the original on 6 October 2014 10311:from the original on 13 August 2016 10301:"Tor Project: Pluggable Transports" 10250:from the original on 6 October 2020 10211:Shankland, Stephen (28 June 2018). 9990:from the original on 25 August 2022 9833:from the original on 18 August 2013 9773:from the original on 13 August 2022 9521:from the original on 6 October 2017 9511:"Tor Messenger 0.5.0b1 is released" 9348:Dingledine, Roger (5 August 2013). 9265:O'Faolain, Aodhan (8 August 2013). 9153:from the original on 5 October 2013 8718:from the original on 15 August 2014 8395:from the original on 15 August 2016 8088:from the original on 21 August 2015 8076:Wakefield, Jane (7 November 2014). 8045:Greenberg, Andy (7 November 2014). 7774:Dingledine, Roger (7 April 2014a). 7030:. Consensus-health.torproject.org. 6976:Association for Computing Machinery 6822:Koebler, Jason (23 February 2015). 6772:from the original on 16 August 2017 6759: 6444:from the original on 17 August 2013 6352:from the original on 17 August 2014 6288:from the original on 10 August 2017 6226:from the original on 15 August 2014 5843:from the original on 14 August 2012 5388:from the original on 13 August 2012 5319: 3917:used Tor to send information about 3804:United States Department of Defense 3510:built in and used by default. Like 2795:, a computer security professor at 2562: 56: 12754:Quintin, Cooper (4 October 2022). 12656: 12578:from the original on 8 August 2022 12542:from the original on 17 March 2022 11842:from the original on 19 March 2016 11811:from the original on 23 March 2016 11780:from the original on 20 March 2016 11720:from the original on 11 March 2016 11689:from the original on 11 April 2017 11358:. 10 December 2015. Archived from 11179:from the original on 12 April 2015 11008:"Interview uncut: Jacob Appelbaum" 10813:SPIEGEL Staff (28 December 2014). 10623:from the original on 11 March 2015 10523:McKim, Jenifer B. (8 March 2012). 10504:from the original on 11 April 2016 9902:from the original on 16 April 2011 9803:from the original on 30 April 2013 9608:from the original on 22 April 2022 9478:Singh, Sukhbir (29 October 2015). 9426:from the original on 7 August 2017 9412:Schneier, Bruce (4 October 2013). 9360:from the original on 26 March 2014 9277:from the original on 9 August 2013 9219:from the original on 29 April 2014 9186:from the original on 29 April 2014 9090:from the original on 29 April 2014 8906:from the original on 24 March 2020 8785:from the original on 29 April 2014 8752:from the original on 21 April 2014 8593:from the original on 24 March 2019 8383:Greenberg, Andy (26 August 2015). 8364:from the original on 12 March 2016 8333:from the original on 11 March 2016 8321:Cimpanu, Catalin (10 March 2016). 8057:from the original on 9 August 2015 7946:Dingledine, Roger (30 July 2014). 7912:from the original on 19 April 2014 7848:from the original on 19 April 2014 7817:from the original on 19 April 2014 7665:from the original on 27 April 2011 7577:"Low-Cost Traffic Analysis of Tor" 7511: 7389:from the original on 23 June 2021. 7307: 7270: 7258:from the original on 18 April 2014 7244:Gray, Patrick (13 November 2007). 6985:from the original on 22 April 2011 6803:from the original on 18 March 2014 6522: 6276:Tveten, Julianne (12 April 2017). 6212:Dredge, Stuart (5 November 2013). 6078:Higgins, Parker (3 October 2013). 5999:from the original on 18 April 2015 5938:from the original on 19 April 2012 5750:from the original on 8 August 2014 5570: 5544:Cochrane, Nate (2 February 2011). 4984:Lawrence, Dune (23 January 2014). 4945:from the original on 19 April 2022 4889:from the original on 9 August 2011 4220:translation of his autobiography, 3746:Advocates for Tor say it supports 3713:Reception, impact, and legislation 3679:security-focused operating systems 3673:Security-focused operating systems 3611:, and source code is available on 2882: 2785:University of California, Berkeley 2584:tracking. According to the study: 2487:on-going event are still unknown. 57: 18386: 14653:Internet censorship circumvention 13401:United States Department of State 13173:—Animated introduction on YouTube 13135: 12938:Ajaz, Shigraf (26 January 2023). 12511:from the original on 8 March 2022 12164:from the original on 26 June 2018 12152:Brandom, Russell (25 June 2018). 12036:McCarthy, Kieren (20 July 2017). 11830:Pearson, Jordan (16 March 2016). 11750:from the original on 29 July 2016 11659:from the original on 16 June 2016 11629:from the original on 9 April 2016 11599:from the original on 16 June 2016 11569:from the original on 4 March 2016 11477:from the original on 7 March 2016 11393:from the original on 10 June 2016 11381:Geller, Eric (11 December 2015). 11241:from the original on 23 June 2015 11117:from the original on 26 July 2014 11084:from the original on 26 July 2014 11037:Gaertner, Joachim (1 July 2013). 10590:from the original on 27 July 2011 10456:Norton, Quinn (9 December 2014). 10269:Жуков, Антон (15 December 2009). 10087:"ProxyMob: Firefox Mobile Add-on" 9665:from the original on 15 July 2018 9548:from the original on 2 April 2020 9315:Best, Jessica (21 January 2014). 9067:from the original on 5 July 2018. 9049:from the original on 2 July 2018. 8771:Knight, John (1 September 2011). 8687:from the original on 5 March 2020 8505:from the original on 24 June 2022 8428:from the original on 9 April 2016 8241:Zorz, Zeljka (12 November 2015). 8140:Knight, Shawn (7 November 2014). 7900:Mimoso, Michael (17 April 2014). 7867:Gallagher, Sean (18 April 2014). 7838:"Tor Weekly News — 16 April 2014" 7786:from the original on 10 July 2017 7755:from the original on 30 June 2014 7593:from the original on 16 June 2007 7400:Koppen, Georg (9 November 2021). 7123:from the original on 20 June 2020 6727:Goodin, Dan (10 September 2007). 6494:"TorPCAP – Tor Network Forensics" 6383:from the original on 2 April 2015 6193:from the original on 20 July 2014 6157:from the original on 26 June 2014 6018:Cimpanu, Catalin (6 April 2017). 5720:from the original on 14 July 2014 5419:from the original on 16 June 2012 5354:from the original on 26 July 2014 5293: 5253:from the original on 26 June 2018 5227:from the original on 12 July 2018 4788:from the original on 10 July 2021 4710:from the original on 26 July 2011 4584:Internet censorship circumvention 3794:, and private sponsors including 2613: 2531:presented an article at the 2005 2204: 1040:International Broadcasting Bureau 18320:Free software programmed in Rust 17703: 17131: 17086:List of router firmware projects 16681: 16680: 16148:Right of access to personal data 16086: 16077: 16076: 15125: 15116: 15115: 13798: 13797: 13787: 13019:Bacard, Andre (1 January 1995). 12992: 12962: 12931: 12901: 12870: 12825:from the original on 6 June 2015 12778: 12620: 12590: 12523: 12493: 12463: 12433: 12402: 12339: 12309: 12283: 12271:from the original on 7 July 2018 12226:from the original on 4 July 2018 12195:from the original on 6 July 2018 12105:Democratic Socialists of America 12090: 12072:Democratic Socialists of America 12060: 12048:from the original on 23 May 2020 12017:from the original on 23 May 2020 11946: 11922:Weiner, Anna (2 December 2016). 11903:from the original on 17 May 2016 11869:from the original on 27 May 2021 11732: 11671: 11641: 11611: 11581: 11551: 11520: 11489: 11458: 11428: 11374: 11344: 11313: 11283: 11253: 11229:Peterson, Andrea (28 May 2015). 11222: 11191: 11160: 11129: 11070:Gallagher, Sean (25 July 2014). 10975:"The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers" 10936: 10905: 10763:from the original on 25 May 2019 10744: 10714: 10684: 10660:Fung, Brian (6 September 2013). 10644: 10635: 10560:from the original on 3 July 2014 10525:"Privacy software, criminal use" 10470:from the original on 25 May 2019 10449: 10423:Lee, Timothy B. (10 June 2013). 10416: 10385: 10354: 10323: 10231: 10204: 10176:"Onion Browser on the App Store" 10168: 10150: 10139: 9974: 9962:from the original on 11 May 2011 9872:from the original on 5 July 2022 9754: 9728: 9702: 9677: 9653:Sharwood, Simon (3 April 2018). 9646: 9620: 9590: 9560: 9502: 9438: 9329:from the original on 29 May 2014 9289: 9258: 9237: 9102: 9078:Poulsen, Kevin (5 August 2013). 9071: 9053: 9035: 8975: 8963:from the original on 2 July 2018 8944: 8932:from the original on 2 July 2018 8918: 8888: 8855: 8829: 8797: 8740:Alin, Andrei (2 December 2013). 8563:from the original on 3 June 2021 8546: 8440: 8407: 8376: 8295: 8133: 8026: 8014: 8002: 7990: 7978: 7966: 7954:from the original on 24 May 2019 7924: 7720:from the original on 15 May 2012 7686:"Privacy Enhancing Technologies" 6791:Zetter, Kim (12 December 2008). 6586:Mathewson, Nick (12 June 2003). 6474:from the original on 12 May 2012 6145:"Surveillance Self-Defense: Tor" 5645:"Bitcoin: Monetarists Anonymous" 5525:from the original on 6 June 2015 5376:Gregg, Brandon (30 April 2012). 5271: 5197:from the original on 8 July 2017 5051:"Tor FAQ: Why is it called Tor?" 4915:from the original on 7 June 2020 4670: 4658: 4646: 4634: 4382: 4157:Democratic Socialists of America 3657: 3642: 3630: 3563:anonymous messaging system, and 3337: 3326: 2924: 2915: 2657: 2596: 2437: 2325: 2234: 2077: 871:Comparison of Usenet newsreaders 851:Comparison of BitTorrent clients 779:Development and societal aspects 354: 81: 14340:Freedom of the Press Foundation 13934:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12728:Redaktions Netzwerk Deutschland 11198:Galperin, Eva (27 March 2014). 11039:"Darknet – Netz ohne Kontrolle" 11006:Sirius, R. U. (11 March 2013). 10893:from the original on 1 May 2015 10753:"The real chink in Tor's armor" 10361:Gurnow, Michael (1 July 2014). 10330:Brandom, Russell (9 May 2014). 9922:"ChatSecure: Private Messaging" 9761:Staff, Ars (22 November 2016). 9735:Staff, Ars (22 November 2016). 9627:Aemasu, Lucian (3 April 2018). 9568:"Tor Messenger Design Document" 9540:Singh, Sukhbir (2 April 2018). 9109:Krebs, Brian (13 August 2013). 8742:"Tor Browser Bundle Ubuntu PPA" 7881:from the original on 1 May 2014 7605: 7393: 7344: 7111:Karsten Loesing (15 May 2014). 7104: 7073: 7046: 7020: 7004:Judge, Peter (20 August 2013). 6906: 6815: 6784: 6579: 6516: 6486: 6395: 6333: 6238: 6205: 5987:Farivar, Cyrus (3 April 2015). 5980: 5950: 5886: 5732: 5700: 5669: 5507: 5471: 5407:Morisy, Michael (8 June 2012). 5378:"How online black markets work" 5335: 5320:Cox, Joseph (1 February 2016). 5313: 5296:"Cryptopolitik and the Darknet" 5287: 5265: 5239: 5209: 5176: 5140: 5104: 5073: 4957: 4296:, had effectively blocked Tor. 4100:legally represented lovecruft. 3999:Department of Homeland Security 3768:Broadcasting Board of Governors 3267:Network Investigative Technique 2852:In 2015, the administrators of 2799:, about researchers from CMU's 2037:, and its circumvention of the 1943:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1078: 18375:Software using the BSD license 16557:Electronic Frontier Foundation 16537:American Civil Liberties Union 16491:Privacy-enhancing technologies 15045:Physical circumvention methods 14334:Electronic Frontier Foundation 13376:Electronic Frontier Foundation 12760:Electronic Frontier Foundation 12695:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 12564:Burgess, Matt (28 July 2022). 12259:Stelle, Sharon (5 July 2018). 12133:Johnson, Tim (2 August 2017). 11891:Pagliery, Jose (17 May 2016). 11683:New Hampshire State Government 11204:Electronic Frontier Foundation 10492:Levine, Yasha (16 July 2014). 10117:"Obscura: Secure Smart Camera" 9305:, the guardian.com, 2021/09/16 8619:. 23 June 2014. Archived from 7213:Lemos, Robert (8 March 2007). 6402:Kelion, Leo (22 August 2014). 6307:LeVines, George (7 May 2014). 6150:Electronic Frontier Foundation 6085:Electronic Frontier Foundation 5217:"Selected Papers in Anonymity" 4927: 4837:Collier, Ben (16 April 2024). 4830: 4774: 4290:were used to circumvent them. 4216:called for a full, unabridged 4113:and security workshops in the 4098:Electronic Frontier Foundation 3780:U.S. Naval Research Laboratory 2904: 1951:Electronic Frontier Foundation 1012:Electronic Frontier Foundation 861:Comparison of eDonkey software 856:Comparison of BitTorrent sites 13: 1: 18315:Free software programmed in C 18305:Free network-related software 14584:Terms of Service; Didn't Read 14438:Distributed Denial of Secrets 14253:Russian Anonymous Marketplace 13198:A core Tor developer lectures 13052:10.1080/01616846.2019.1696078 12005:Leyden, John (20 July 2017). 10782:Lee, Dave (7 November 2014). 10458:"Clearing the air around Tor" 10271:"Включаем Tor на всю катушку" 9205:Poulsen, Kevin (8 May 2013). 9172:Samson, Ted (5 August 2013). 8862:Poulsen, Kevin (8 May 2014). 8302:Madnick, Stuart; Li, Xitong; 7326:The Record by Recorded Future 6672:"Tor: Onion Service Protocol" 6340:Ellis, Justin (5 June 2014). 5924:Goodin, Dan (16 April 2012). 5831:Chen, Adrian (11 June 2012). 5344:"Tor Torches Online Tracking" 5088:(Mailing list). Tor Project. 4843:. The MIT Press. p. 60. 4808:"LICENSE – Tor's source code" 4653:Free and open-source software 4523:Impact on Attackers and Users 4505:Why the Need for PoW Defense? 4309:versions of websites, not to 4087:University of Western Ontario 2848:Circuit fingerprinting attack 2491:Internal communication attack 2316: 2185:Transmission Control Protocol 924:free and open-source software 18285:Cross-platform free software 14709:Blocks on specific websites 14673:Internet censorship in China 13371:U.S. Agency for Global Media 13193:Chaos Communication Congress 13012:General and cited references 12475:U.S. News & World Report 12214:n/a, 46halbe (4 July 2018). 12183:Grauer, Yael (4 July 2018). 6760:Cox, Joseph (6 April 2016). 5862:Chen, Adrian (1 June 2011). 5769:Bode, Karl (12 March 2007). 5708:"JTRIG Tools and Techniques" 5183:Goodin, Dan (22 July 2014). 4683: 4393:may incorporate text from a 3913:In June 2013, whistleblower 3806:funds are more similar to a 3649:Orbot 16.6.3, running under 3534: 2889:The Tor Project § Tools 2527:and George Danezis from the 2068: 7: 18275:Application layer protocols 16282:Data protection authorities 16132: 16042:Cryptographic hash function 14419:Central Intelligence Agency 13411:National Science Foundation 13202:Radboud University Nijmegen 13067:Nurmi, Juha (24 May 2019). 11047:(in German). Archived from 10392:Zetter, Kim (1 June 2010). 10190:"OnionBrowser/OnionBrowser" 8531:morgan (4 September 2024). 8469:– via ecoinfosec.org. 8352:Anonymous (10 March 2016). 8275:Felten, Ed (31 July 2014). 7776:"OpenSSL bug CVE-2014-0160" 7701:10.1007/978-3-540-70630-4_5 5342:Zetter, Kim (17 May 2005). 5148:"Tor Project Form 990 2009" 5112:"Tor Project Form 990 2008" 4531: 4422:the project page about this 4260:Russian invasion of Ukraine 3910:across all walks of life." 3802:. Dingledine said that the 3772:National Science Foundation 3683:Hardened Linux From Scratch 2684:conditions to do so are met 2255:network address translators 10: 18391: 18325:Hash-based data structures 17320: 16486:Social networking services 13693:Law Enforcement Operations 12261:"In Support of Torservers" 10556:. Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 9542:"Sunsetting Tor Messenger" 8837:"United States v. McGrath" 8643:"Tor Project: Core People" 7541:10.1109/ACSSC.2017.8335179 7525:. IEEE. pp. 258–262. 7487:phobos (24 October 2011). 4244:Russian Internet blacklist 4202:Chinese online communities 3589:instant messaging client, 3245:Firefox/Tor browser attack 2886: 2789:Carnegie Mellon University 2642: 2214: 2211:List of Tor onion services 2208: 1898:of sensitive information, 1864:Tor has been described by 1088: 949: 61: 18330:Internet privacy software 18223: 18147:Internet Explorer for Mac 18054: 17950: 17891: 17767: 17713: 17709: 17698: 17639: 17595: 17561: 17479: 17330: 17326: 17315: 17257: 17190: 17164: 17160: 17139: 17068: 17042: 16986: 16944: 16922: 16894: 16882: 16820: 16767: 16755: 16734: 16676: 16600: 16577:Global Network Initiative 16529: 16521:Virtual assistant privacy 16501:Privacy-invasive software 16429: 16393: 16280: 16176: 16140: 16072: 16019: 15996: 15980: 15949: 15924: 15864: 15811: 15688: 15599: 15566: 15533: 15480: 15377: 15329: 15276: 15265: 15192: 15152: 15147:Links to related articles 15109: 15093: 15065: 15044: 15001: 14970: 14963: 14936: 14893: 14836: 14829: 14797:IPv6 transition mechanism 14784: 14745: 14738: 14660: 14593: 14528: 14484: 14428: 14409: 14372: 14318: 14276: 14183: 14161: 14089: 14033: 13985: 13864: 13811: 13783: 13692: 13660: 13629: 13611: 13588: 13546: 13501: 13470: 13444: 13426: 13419: 13363: 13302: 13268: 13021:Computer Privacy Handbook 12731:(in German). www.rnd.de. 11295:libraryfreedomproject.org 11291:"Library Freedom Project" 9858:. Syngress. p. 184. 7080:tommy (2 November 2017). 4911:. Tor Project – Metrics. 4885:. San Diego, California. 4730:"Stable release 0.4.8.12" 4368:end-to-end timing attacks 3974:from the United Nations' 3474: 3466: 3437: 3415: 3403: 3399: 3377: 3373: 3355: 3345: 3336: 3152: 3140: 3116: 3108: 3096: 3062: 3050: 3026: 3022: 3003: 2989: 2975: 2961: 2956: 2949: 2945: 2935: 2923: 2914: 2334:This section needs to be 2031:Internet Watch Foundation 1933:In its complaint against 1802: 1786: 1763: 1738: 1713: 1688: 1663: 1638: 1613: 1588: 1563: 1538: 1513: 1488: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1450: 1434: 1418: 1402: 1386: 1370: 1354: 1338: 1322: 1306: 1290: 1274: 1258: 1242: 1226: 1210: 1194: 1178: 1160: 1144: 1128: 1112: 1107: 1104: 319: 307: 283: 271: 235: 217: 180: 176: 164: 141: 129: 125: 107: 95: 80: 16032:Timeline of cryptography 14830:Anti-censorship software 13948:Independent Media Center 13662:Pseudo-top-level domains 13613:Peer-to-peer web hosting 13446:Graphical user interface 13294:Office of Naval Research 13208:A technical presentation 13040:Public Library Quarterly 12974:tb-manual.torproject.org 11440:Home of internet privacy 11169:"Tor's great rebranding" 10886:Free Software Foundation 10238:Brave (5 October 2020). 10009:"Orweb: Privacy Browser" 8308:MIT Sloan Research Paper 6915:"Website fingerprinting" 4939:tb-manual.torproject.org 3870:Free Software Foundation 3760:United States government 3583:Android operating system 3547:Third-party applications 2470:Transport Layer Security 2087:about how Tor works, by 1880:National Security Agency 1084: 1058:, and Netherlands-based 66:. For the magazine, see 39:latest accepted revision 18290:Cross-platform software 18265:Tor (anonymity network) 17076:Comparison of firewalls 16572:Future of Privacy Forum 16567:European Digital Rights 16027:Outline of cryptography 15998:Anti–computer forensics 14703:Great Firewall of China 14320:Nonprofit organizations 12536:The Wall Street Journal 8926:"FBI Tor busting 227 1" 7836:Lunar (16 April 2014). 6932:10.1145/1655008.1655013 6885:"TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ" 6251:The Wall Street Journal 5604:10.1073/pnas.2011893117 4249: 4233: 4228:Chinese Communist Party 4207: 4194:Alternative for Germany 4172: 4150: 4109:reported on burgeoning 4079:Library Freedom Project 4064: 3991:Library Freedom Project 3965: 3936: 3900: 3886: 3863: 3821:and online marketplace 3188:. It can operate under 2779:a senior researcher of 2529:University of Cambridge 2516:Traffic-analysis attack 2455:Exit node eavesdropping 2107:perfect forward secrecy 1052:University of Cambridge 920:anonymous communication 111:September 20, 2002 18:Tor (anonymity network) 16613:Cellphone surveillance 16530:Advocacy organizations 16153:Expectation of privacy 16054:Homomorphic encryption 16047:List of hash functions 15186:Cryptographic software 15066:Relevant organizations 14785:Without a proxy server 13212:University of Waterloo 13156:Anonymity Bibliography 11980:"Forfeiture Complaint" 10038:n8fr8 (30 June 2015). 9689:support.torproject.org 9301:5 October 2021 at the 9240:"FBI Malware Analysis" 8495:"Repository Analytics" 7246:"The hack of the year" 5800:Jones, Robert (2005). 5157:. 2010. Archived from 5121:. 2009. Archived from 4991:Bloomberg Businessweek 4564:Freedom of information 4544:Anonymous web browsing 4364: 4117:, particularly at the 4115:San Francisco Bay Area 4077:, the director of the 4057:, and artist-activist 3995:Lebanon, New Hampshire 3732: 3147:Mozilla Public License 2582:distributed hash table 2479: 2411:University of Michigan 2370:end-to-end correlation 2247:distributed hash table 2180: 2153: 2066: 2041:of China were touted. 1900:copyright infringement 1074: 1073:illustrating Tor usage 1028:nonprofit organization 987:communication protocol 731:Anonymous file sharing 150:; 3 months ago 113:; 21 years ago 18310:Free routing software 16592:Privacy International 16163:Right to be forgotten 16059:End-to-end encryption 14817:Refraction networking 14358:Privacy International 14328:Amnesty International 14208:Black Market Reloaded 13705:Operation Dark Huntor 13652:Wireless onion router 10696:Infosecurity magazine 8813:. 23 September 2020. 8558:The Tor Project, Inc. 7251:Sydney Morning Herald 7180:(10 September 2007). 6346:Nieman Journalism Lab 5653:. 29 September 2012. 4340: 4124:, in the wake of the 4016:access to information 3764:U.S. State Department 3748:freedom of expression 3730: 3386:; 6 years ago 3361:; 8 years ago 3226:canvas fingerprinting 3168:The Tor Browser is a 2870:security conference. 2814:US federal government 2643:Further information: 2474: 2462:end-to-end encryption 2409:Researchers from the 2377:Regensburg University 2293:. Popular sources of 2215:Further information: 2178: 2144: 2049: 1935:Ross William Ulbricht 1904:controlled substances 1891:National Crime Agency 1832:U.S. State Department 1089:Further information: 1068: 975:American intelligence 572:File sharing networks 413:Video on demand sites 376:Online video platform 371:File hosting services 302:Anonymity application 18132:IBM Home Page Reader 14894:Proprietary software 14352:La Quadrature du Net 14346:Front Line Defenders 13304:The Tor Project, Inc 13091:Applied Cryptography 11956:. 19 December 2016. 11625:. 30 December 2015. 11595:. 18 December 2015. 11565:. 26 December 2015. 11332:on 18 September 2015 10854:. 28 December 2014. 10698:. 2 September 2013. 10121:The Guardian Project 10091:The Guardian Project 10044:guardianproject.info 10013:The Guardian Project 9956:The Guardian Project 9926:The Guardian Project 9896:The Guardian Project 8989:. 16 December 2014. 8613:"Tor Browser Bundle" 8218:. 11 November 2015. 8185:. 11 November 2015. 7158:on 28 September 2013 6500:. 12 December 2018. 5806:. O'Reilly. p. 4418:copyright violations 4395:large language model 4284:Mahsa Amini protests 4200:Since October 2018, 4161:information security 4145:operational security 4103:On 2 December 2016, 3812:procurement contract 3784:Government of Sweden 3579:The Guardian Project 3359:29 October 2015 3215:(until version 4.5, 2820:Mouse fingerprinting 2797:Princeton University 2466:Secure Sockets Layer 1920:counterfeit currency 1918:and the exchange of 1887:signals intelligence 1740:Non-illicit+Unknown 1615:Illicit pornography 940:network surveillance 807:By country or region 314:BSD 3-clause license 18280:Computer networking 16628:Global surveillance 16496:Privacy engineering 16481:Personal identifier 16431:Information privacy 16168:Post-mortem privacy 14693:DNS cache poisoning 14688:IP address blocking 14668:Internet censorship 14223:The Farmer's Market 13631:Computer appliances 13111:(25 January 1995). 13089:(1 November 1995). 12634:. 2 December 2021. 12447:. 8 December 2021. 12220:Chaos Computer Club 11863:"May 7, 2020 Tweet" 11655:. 9 December 2015. 11235:The Washington Post 10987:on 30 November 2012 10668:. Washington Post. 10616:Wall Street Journal 10430:The Washington Post 10281:on 1 September 2013 9602:blog.torproject.org 9517:. The Tor Project. 9486:. The Tor Project. 8675:(30 January 2008). 7950:. The Tor Project. 7623:on 28 December 2017 7434:. 24 October 2011. 7328:. 3 December 2021. 7291:. 3 December 2021. 5964:. 5 December 2014. 5595:2020PNAS..11731716J 5589:(50): 31716–31721. 5495:on 28 December 2023 5247:"Tor Research Home" 4909:"Tor Server Status" 4256:Internet censorship 4025:In August 2015, an 3984:The Washington Post 3924:The Washington Post 3705:, Tor-ramdisk, and 3555:(formerly Azureus) 3333: 2911: 2671:of this section is 2543:Tor exit node block 2423:consensus mechanism 2385:tunneling protocols 2243:introduction points 2189:Internet Relay Chat 2137:Originating traffic 2112:Internet censorship 2024:In March 2015, the 1980:Wall Street Journal 1960:In 2014, the EFF's 1474: 1101: 1026:research-education 971:computer scientists 77: 29:Page version status 18350:Internet Standards 18340:Internet protocols 16924:Partly proprietary 16830:AirOS & EdgeOS 16822:Partly proprietary 16668:Personality rights 15646:Facebook Messenger 14971:Anonymous software 14937:Browser extensions 14268:White House Market 14014:Free Haven Project 13963:The New York Times 13777:Tor onion services 13720:Operation Pacifier 13485:Tor Browser Bundle 13454:Nyx status monitor 13386:Mozilla Foundation 13023:. Peachpit Press. 12915:. 16 August 2016. 12854:. 31 August 2016. 12415:Twitter (@Snowden) 12293:. 24 August 2018. 10728:. 4 October 2014. 9452:. 4 October 2022. 9149:. 4 October 2013. 9019:. 27 August 2014. 8673:Murdoch, Steven J. 8653:on 18 January 2011 8583:"Tor Project: FAQ" 8499:Tor Project GitLab 7028:"Consensus health" 7016:on 24 August 2013. 6638:10.1109/SP.2006.24 6067:on 2 October 2013. 5803:Internet forensics 5249:. torproject.org. 4374:Levels of security 4218:simplified Chinese 4212:In November 2019, 4037:In December 2015, 3972:special rapporteur 3970:In June 2015, the 3876:and more recently 3792:Human Rights Watch 3733: 3597:, and ObscuraCam. 3331: 3013:/ 4 September 2024 2999:/ 4 September 2024 2985:/ 4 September 2024 2971:/ 4 September 2024 2909: 2874:Volume information 2417:Consensus blocking 2362:anonymity networks 2233:, usually via the 2181: 2154: 1468: 1095: 1075: 1048:Human Rights Watch 698:Streaming programs 534:Academic/scholarly 166:Preview release(s) 75: 35: 18355:Key-based routing 18345:Internet security 18252: 18251: 18246: 18245: 18219: 18218: 18215: 18214: 17902:Internet Explorer 17694: 17693: 17690: 17689: 17311: 17310: 17307: 17306: 17099: 17098: 16982: 16981: 16940: 16939: 16878: 16877: 16694: 16693: 16638:Mass surveillance 16100: 16099: 15950:Service providers 15684: 15683: 15490:Check Point VPN-1 15139: 15138: 15040: 15039: 14959: 14958: 14825: 14824: 14678:National intranet 14619: 14618: 14374:Operating systems 14278:Document archives 14258:Tor Carding Forum 14238:Sheep Marketplace 14040:instant messaging 13905:The Daily Stormer 13743: 13742: 13735:Project Habitance 13730:Operation Lobos 1 13725:Operation Torpedo 13715:Operation Onymous 13700:Operation Bayonet 13688: 13687: 13648: 13581: 13573: 13565: 13548:Instant messaging 13539: 13521: 13515: 13503:Operating systems 13494: 13463: 13396:SRI International 13381:Knight Foundation 13356: 13332:Gabriella Coleman 13222:Sarah Jamie Lewis 13126:978-0-471-05318-7 13100:978-0-471-11709-4 13078:978-952-03-1091-2 13030:978-1-56609-171-8 11776:. 14 March 2016. 11685:. 10 March 2016. 11502:TechWeekEurope UK 11442:. 4 August 2016. 10537:on 12 March 2012. 9865:978-0-12-804496-4 9115:Krebs on Security 8841:Courtlistener.com 8247:Help Net Security 8033:Dingledine (2014) 8021:Dingledine (2014) 8009:Dingledine (2014) 7997:Dingledine (2014) 7985:Dingledine (2014) 7973:Dingledine (2014) 7931:Dingledine (2014) 7710:978-3-540-70629-8 7550:978-1-5386-1823-3 6708:. 12 October 2013 6523:Winter, Philipp. 6051:"Sealed compaint" 5962:Krebs on Security 5817:978-0-596-10006-3 5771:"Cleaning up Tor" 4850:978-0-262-37892-5 4665:Freedom of speech 4514:How Does it Work? 4439: 4438: 4362:), give or take." 4330:Odds of detection 4322:'s email server. 4300:Improved security 4155:In June 2017 the 3728: 3664:Onion Browser on 3500: 3499: 3263:Operation Torpedo 3255:child pornography 3190:Microsoft Windows 3174:Steven J. Murdoch 3166: 3165: 3017: 3016: 2951:Stable release(s) 2757:was more likely. 2742:Operation Onymous 2712: 2711: 2704: 2510:denial-of-service 2449:autonomous system 2357:Like all current 2355: 2354: 2280:Sarah Jamie Lewis 2193:instant messaging 1995:life. Along with 1984:domestic violence 1912:credit card fraud 1870:, in relation to 1816: 1815: 1473:in February 2016 1466: 1465: 1165: 1164:(not yet indexed) 983:application layer 909: 908: 795:BitTorrent issues 333: 332: 262:Microsoft Windows 131:Stable release(s) 47:18 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 18382: 18365:Overlay networks 17711: 17710: 17700: 17699: 17426:Samsung Internet 17328: 17327: 17317: 17316: 17162: 17161: 17141: 17140: 17126: 17119: 17112: 17103: 17102: 17069:Related articles 16892: 16891: 16765: 16764: 16753: 16752: 16728:Routing software 16721: 16714: 16707: 16698: 16697: 16684: 16683: 16552:Data Privacy Lab 16511:Privacy software 16158:Right to privacy 16127: 16120: 16113: 16104: 16103: 16090: 16089: 16080: 16079: 15928:operating system 15926:Security-focused 15874: 15699: 15274: 15273: 15179: 15172: 15165: 15156: 15155: 15143: 15142: 15129: 15128: 15119: 15118: 14968: 14967: 14834: 14833: 14743: 14742: 14646: 14639: 14632: 14623: 14622: 14520:Welcome to Video 14297:Internet Archive 14292:Doxbin (darknet) 13976:Voice of America 13892:Die Tageszeitung 13801: 13800: 13791: 13790: 13770: 13763: 13756: 13747: 13746: 13646: 13579: 13571: 13563: 13537: 13519: 13513: 13492: 13461: 13424: 13423: 13354: 13327:Roger Dingledine 13251: 13244: 13237: 13228: 13227: 13152: 13147: 13146: 13144:Official website 13130: 13118: 13104: 13082: 13063: 13034: 13005: 13004: 12996: 12990: 12989: 12987: 12985: 12966: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12935: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12924: 12905: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12874: 12868: 12867: 12865: 12863: 12844: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12830: 12815: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12782: 12776: 12775: 12773: 12771: 12751: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12740: 12718: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12685: 12679: 12678: 12676: 12674: 12654: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12643: 12624: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12613: 12594: 12588: 12587: 12585: 12583: 12561: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12547: 12527: 12521: 12520: 12518: 12516: 12505:BleepingComputer 12497: 12491: 12490: 12488: 12486: 12467: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12437: 12431: 12430: 12428: 12426: 12406: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12395: 12375: 12369: 12368: 12366: 12364: 12343: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12332: 12313: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12287: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12276: 12256: 12250: 12249: 12243: 12235: 12233: 12231: 12211: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12200: 12180: 12174: 12173: 12171: 12169: 12149: 12143: 12142: 12130: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12119: 12113: 12102: 12094: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12083: 12074:. 11 July 2017. 12064: 12058: 12057: 12055: 12053: 12033: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12022: 12002: 11996: 11995: 11993: 11991: 11976: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11939: 11919: 11913: 11912: 11910: 11908: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11876: 11874: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11847: 11827: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11816: 11796: 11790: 11789: 11787: 11785: 11766: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11736: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11725: 11705: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11694: 11675: 11669: 11668: 11666: 11664: 11645: 11639: 11638: 11636: 11634: 11615: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11604: 11585: 11579: 11578: 11576: 11574: 11555: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11524: 11518: 11517: 11515: 11513: 11493: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11462: 11456: 11455: 11453: 11451: 11432: 11426: 11425: 11409: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11378: 11372: 11371: 11369: 11367: 11348: 11342: 11341: 11339: 11337: 11328:. Archived from 11317: 11311: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11287: 11281: 11280: 11278: 11276: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11226: 11220: 11219: 11217: 11215: 11195: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11184: 11164: 11158: 11157: 11151: 11149: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11122: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11089: 11067: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11034: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11023: 11003: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10992: 10983:. Archived from 10970: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10948:www.h-online.com 10940: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10877: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10866: 10860: 10849: 10841: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10830: 10810: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10779: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10718: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10707: 10688: 10682: 10681: 10679: 10677: 10657: 10651: 10648: 10642: 10639: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10606: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10576: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10565: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10533:. Archived from 10530:The Boston Globe 10520: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10489: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10475: 10453: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10442: 10420: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10409: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10277:. Archived from 10266: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10235: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10208: 10202: 10201: 10196:. 30 June 2021. 10186: 10180: 10179: 10172: 10166: 10165: 10160:. The Tor Blog. 10154: 10148: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10113: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10093:. Archived from 10083: 10077: 10076: 10070: 10062: 10057: 10055: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10015:. Archived from 10005: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9948: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9918: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9888: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9838: 9823:"Bitmessage FAQ" 9819: 9813: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9732: 9726: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9716:. 8 October 2014 9706: 9700: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9681: 9675: 9674: 9672: 9670: 9650: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9624: 9618: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9594: 9588: 9587: 9585: 9583: 9574:. 13 July 2015. 9564: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9537: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9506: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9475: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9461: 9442: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9376: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9345: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9334: 9312: 9306: 9293: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9246:on 17 April 2014 9242:. Archived from 9235: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9224: 9202: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9039: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9009: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8979: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8948: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8922: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8902:. 16 July 2015. 8892: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8859: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8737: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8683:(Mailing list). 8669: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8649:. Archived from 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8579: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8528: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8478: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8460: 8453: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8427: 8420: 8411: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8349: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8272: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8208: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8175: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8073: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8042: 8036: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8006: 8000: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7943: 7934: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7833: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7813:(Mailing list). 7802: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7771: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7754: 7747: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7719: 7690: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7664: 7657: 7646: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7619:. Archived from 7609: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7592: 7581: 7572: 7563: 7562: 7534: 7518: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7424: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7318: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7281: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7157: 7150: 7139: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7077: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7012:. 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Archived from 6055: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6024:BleepingComputer 6015: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5870:. Archived from 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5744:documentcoud.org 5736: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5716:. 14 July 2014. 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5624: 5606: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5494: 5488:. Archived from 5486:freedomhouse.org 5483: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5442: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5373: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5163: 5152: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5127: 5116: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5017: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4998:on 29 March 2014 4994:. Archived from 4981: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4874: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4706:(Mailing list). 4694: 4675: 4674: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4630: 4599:Privacy software 4589:Internet privacy 4549:Crypto-anarchism 4434: 4431: 4425: 4412:claims that are 4386: 4378: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4223:Permanent Record 4092:On 16 May 2016, 4012: 4008: 3729: 3661: 3651:Samsung Internet 3646: 3634: 3623:private-browsing 3496: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3439:Operating system 3394: 3392: 3387: 3369: 3367: 3362: 3341: 3334: 3330: 3162: 3159: 3104: 3064:Operating system 3046: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3012: 2998: 2984: 2970: 2959: 2958: 2928: 2919: 2912: 2908: 2842:proof of concept 2762:Fourth Amendment 2707: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2687: 2661: 2660: 2653: 2563:Bad apple attack 2375:A 2009 study of 2366:traffic analysis 2350: 2347: 2341: 2329: 2328: 2321: 2081: 2064: 1908:money laundering 1882:and the British 1811: 1810: 1797: 1796: 1789: 1781: 1780: 1772: 1771: 1758: 1757: 1749: 1748: 1741: 1733: 1732: 1724: 1723: 1716: 1708: 1707: 1699: 1698: 1691: 1690:Illicit Finance 1683: 1682: 1674: 1673: 1666: 1658: 1657: 1649: 1648: 1641: 1633: 1632: 1624: 1623: 1616: 1608: 1607: 1599: 1598: 1591: 1583: 1582: 1574: 1573: 1566: 1558: 1557: 1549: 1548: 1541: 1533: 1532: 1524: 1523: 1516: 1508: 1507: 1499: 1498: 1491: 1475: 1467: 1461: 1460: 1445: 1444: 1429: 1428: 1413: 1412: 1397: 1396: 1381: 1380: 1365: 1364: 1349: 1348: 1333: 1332: 1317: 1316: 1301: 1300: 1285: 1284: 1269: 1268: 1253: 1252: 1237: 1236: 1221: 1220: 1205: 1204: 1189: 1188: 1173: 1172: 1163: 1155: 1154: 1139: 1138: 1123: 1122: 1102: 1100:in January 2015 1094: 999:Roger Dingledine 944:traffic analysis 928:Internet traffic 901: 894: 887: 747:Friend-to-friend 545:Internet Archive 451:BitTorrent sites 358: 335: 334: 329: 326: 279: 237:Operating system 210: 205: 202: 200: 198: 196: 194: 192: 172: 158: 156: 151: 147: 137: 121: 119: 114: 85: 78: 74: 21: 18390: 18389: 18385: 18384: 18383: 18381: 18380: 18379: 18255: 18254: 18253: 18248: 18247: 18242: 18211: 18137:IBM WebExplorer 18050: 17946: 17887: 17763: 17705: 17686: 17635: 17591: 17557: 17475: 17322: 17303: 17253: 17186: 17156: 17135: 17130: 17100: 17095: 17064: 17038: 16987:Routing daemons 16978: 16936: 16918: 16887: 16874: 16835:Alliedware Plus 16816: 16760: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16730: 16725: 16695: 16690: 16672: 16596: 16525: 16425: 16389: 16276: 16270:amended in 2020 16172: 16136: 16131: 16101: 16096: 16068: 16015: 15992: 15976: 15945: 15927: 15920: 15868: 15860: 15831:Java Anon Proxy 15807: 15693: 15692: 15690:Disk encryption 15680: 15656:Google Messages 15641:Signal Protocol 15595: 15562: 15529: 15476: 15373: 15325: 15268: 15261: 15188: 15183: 15148: 15140: 15135: 15105: 15089: 15061: 15036: 14997: 14955: 14932: 14889: 14821: 14812:Domain fronting 14780: 14734: 14656: 14650: 14620: 14615: 14589: 14524: 14480: 14424: 14405: 14368: 14314: 14272: 14185:Darknet markets 14179: 14157: 14153:The Hidden Wiki 14085: 14038: 14029: 14019:KickassTorrents 14009:Freedom Hosting 13993: 13981: 13928:Radio Free Asia 13886:Current Time TV 13860: 13807: 13779: 13774: 13744: 13739: 13684: 13656: 13625: 13607: 13584: 13542: 13497: 13466: 13440: 13415: 13359: 13352:Jacob Appelbaum 13298: 13264: 13255: 13142: 13141: 13138: 13133: 13127: 13109:Schneier, Bruce 13101: 13087:Schneier, Bruce 13079: 13031: 13014: 13009: 13008: 12997: 12993: 12983: 12981: 12968: 12967: 12963: 12953: 12951: 12936: 12932: 12922: 12920: 12913:arstechnica.com 12907: 12906: 12902: 12892: 12890: 12875: 12871: 12861: 12859: 12852:arstechnica.com 12846: 12845: 12838: 12828: 12826: 12817: 12816: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12784: 12783: 12779: 12769: 12767: 12752: 12748: 12738: 12736: 12719: 12715: 12705: 12703: 12686: 12682: 12672: 12670: 12655: 12651: 12641: 12639: 12626: 12625: 12621: 12611: 12609: 12604:. 24 May 2022. 12596: 12595: 12591: 12581: 12579: 12562: 12555: 12545: 12543: 12528: 12524: 12514: 12512: 12499: 12498: 12494: 12484: 12482: 12469: 12468: 12464: 12454: 12452: 12445:Daily NewsBrief 12439: 12438: 12434: 12424: 12422: 12407: 12403: 12393: 12391: 12376: 12372: 12362: 12360: 12345: 12344: 12340: 12330: 12328: 12315: 12314: 12310: 12300: 12298: 12289: 12288: 12284: 12274: 12272: 12257: 12253: 12237: 12236: 12229: 12227: 12212: 12208: 12198: 12196: 12181: 12177: 12167: 12165: 12150: 12146: 12139:Idaho Statesman 12131: 12127: 12117: 12115: 12111: 12100: 12096: 12095: 12091: 12081: 12079: 12066: 12065: 12061: 12051: 12049: 12034: 12030: 12020: 12018: 12003: 11999: 11989: 11987: 11978: 11977: 11973: 11963: 11961: 11952: 11951: 11947: 11937: 11935: 11920: 11916: 11906: 11904: 11889: 11885: 11872: 11870: 11859: 11855: 11845: 11843: 11828: 11824: 11814: 11812: 11797: 11793: 11783: 11781: 11768: 11767: 11763: 11753: 11751: 11738: 11737: 11733: 11723: 11721: 11706: 11702: 11692: 11690: 11677: 11676: 11672: 11662: 11660: 11647: 11646: 11642: 11632: 11630: 11617: 11616: 11612: 11602: 11600: 11587: 11586: 11582: 11572: 11570: 11557: 11556: 11552: 11542: 11540: 11525: 11521: 11511: 11509: 11494: 11490: 11480: 11478: 11463: 11459: 11449: 11447: 11434: 11433: 11429: 11410: 11406: 11396: 11394: 11379: 11375: 11365: 11363: 11350: 11349: 11345: 11335: 11333: 11318: 11314: 11304: 11302: 11289: 11288: 11284: 11274: 11272: 11265:Tor Project.org 11259: 11258: 11254: 11244: 11242: 11227: 11223: 11213: 11211: 11196: 11192: 11182: 11180: 11165: 11161: 11147: 11145: 11134: 11130: 11120: 11118: 11101: 11097: 11087: 11085: 11068: 11064: 11054: 11052: 11035: 11031: 11021: 11019: 11004: 11000: 10990: 10988: 10971: 10967: 10957: 10955: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10927: 10925: 10910: 10906: 10896: 10894: 10879: 10878: 10874: 10864: 10862: 10858: 10847: 10843: 10842: 10838: 10828: 10826: 10811: 10807: 10797: 10795: 10780: 10776: 10766: 10764: 10749: 10745: 10735: 10733: 10720: 10719: 10715: 10705: 10703: 10690: 10689: 10685: 10675: 10673: 10658: 10654: 10649: 10645: 10640: 10636: 10626: 10624: 10607: 10603: 10593: 10591: 10580:"Tor: Sponsors" 10578: 10577: 10573: 10563: 10561: 10546: 10542: 10521: 10517: 10507: 10505: 10490: 10483: 10473: 10471: 10454: 10450: 10440: 10438: 10421: 10417: 10407: 10405: 10390: 10386: 10376: 10374: 10367:Dissident Voice 10359: 10355: 10345: 10343: 10328: 10324: 10314: 10312: 10299: 10298: 10294: 10284: 10282: 10267: 10263: 10253: 10251: 10236: 10232: 10222: 10220: 10209: 10205: 10188: 10187: 10183: 10174: 10173: 10169: 10156: 10155: 10151: 10144: 10140: 10130: 10128: 10115: 10114: 10110: 10100: 10098: 10085: 10084: 10080: 10064: 10063: 10053: 10051: 10036: 10032: 10022: 10020: 10007: 10006: 10002: 9993: 9991: 9980: 9979: 9975: 9965: 9963: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9935: 9933: 9920: 9919: 9915: 9905: 9903: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9875: 9873: 9866: 9850: 9846: 9836: 9834: 9821: 9820: 9816: 9806: 9804: 9791: 9790: 9786: 9776: 9774: 9759: 9755: 9745: 9743: 9733: 9729: 9719: 9717: 9708: 9707: 9703: 9693: 9691: 9683: 9682: 9678: 9668: 9666: 9651: 9647: 9637: 9635: 9625: 9621: 9611: 9609: 9596: 9595: 9591: 9581: 9579: 9572:The Tor Project 9566: 9565: 9561: 9551: 9549: 9538: 9534: 9524: 9522: 9507: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9476: 9469: 9459: 9457: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9429: 9427: 9410: 9406: 9396: 9394: 9377: 9373: 9363: 9361: 9346: 9342: 9332: 9330: 9313: 9309: 9303:Wayback Machine 9294: 9290: 9280: 9278: 9271:The Irish Times 9263: 9259: 9249: 9247: 9236: 9232: 9222: 9220: 9203: 9199: 9189: 9187: 9170: 9166: 9156: 9154: 9139: 9138: 9134: 9124: 9122: 9107: 9103: 9093: 9091: 9076: 9072: 9059: 9058: 9054: 9041: 9040: 9036: 9026: 9024: 9011: 9010: 9006: 8996: 8994: 8981: 8980: 8976: 8966: 8964: 8949: 8945: 8935: 8933: 8924: 8923: 8919: 8909: 8907: 8894: 8893: 8889: 8879: 8877: 8860: 8856: 8846: 8844: 8835: 8834: 8830: 8820: 8818: 8803: 8802: 8798: 8788: 8786: 8769: 8765: 8755: 8753: 8738: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8704: 8700: 8690: 8688: 8670: 8666: 8656: 8654: 8641: 8640: 8636: 8626: 8624: 8623:on 23 June 2014 8611: 8610: 8606: 8596: 8594: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8566: 8564: 8552: 8551: 8547: 8537: 8535: 8529: 8518: 8508: 8506: 8493: 8492: 8488: 8472: 8471: 8464: 8462: 8458: 8451: 8445: 8441: 8431: 8429: 8425: 8418: 8412: 8408: 8398: 8396: 8381: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8350: 8346: 8336: 8334: 8319: 8315: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8273: 8266: 8256: 8254: 8239: 8235: 8225: 8223: 8210: 8209: 8202: 8192: 8190: 8177: 8176: 8165: 8155: 8153: 8138: 8134: 8124: 8122: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8074: 8070: 8060: 8058: 8043: 8039: 8031: 8027: 8019: 8015: 8007: 8003: 7995: 7991: 7983: 7979: 7971: 7967: 7957: 7955: 7944: 7937: 7929: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7898: 7894: 7884: 7882: 7865: 7861: 7851: 7849: 7834: 7830: 7820: 7818: 7803: 7799: 7789: 7787: 7772: 7768: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7745: 7737: 7733: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7711: 7688: 7682: 7678: 7668: 7666: 7662: 7655: 7647: 7636: 7626: 7624: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7590: 7579: 7573: 7566: 7551: 7519: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7485: 7481: 7471: 7469: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7441: 7439: 7432:The Hacker News 7426: 7425: 7421: 7411: 7409: 7398: 7394: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7358:. 10 May 2021. 7356:The Hacker News 7350: 7349: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7320: 7319: 7308: 7298: 7296: 7283: 7282: 7271: 7261: 7259: 7242: 7238: 7228: 7226: 7211: 7207: 7197: 7195: 7175: 7171: 7161: 7159: 7155: 7148: 7140: 7136: 7126: 7124: 7117:The Tor Project 7109: 7105: 7095: 7093: 7086:The Tor Project 7078: 7074: 7064: 7062: 7051: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7010:TechWeek Europe 7002: 6998: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6967: 6961: 6957: 6942: 6923: 6911: 6907: 6894: 6892: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6868: 6866: 6851: 6847: 6837: 6835: 6820: 6816: 6806: 6804: 6789: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6670: 6669: 6662: 6654: 6648: 6621: 6615: 6611: 6601: 6599: 6592:Tor Source Code 6584: 6580: 6570: 6568: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6527: 6521: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6492: 6491: 6487: 6477: 6475: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6417: 6415: 6400: 6396: 6386: 6384: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6338: 6334: 6324: 6322: 6305: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6210: 6206: 6196: 6194: 6177: 6170: 6160: 6158: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6076: 6072: 6064: 6053: 6047: 6043: 6033: 6031: 6016: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5985: 5981: 5971: 5969: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5922: 5918: 5908: 5906: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5829: 5825: 5818: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5767: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5746:. 5 July 2012. 5738: 5737: 5733: 5723: 5721: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5674: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5575: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5519:The Tor Project 5515:"Tor: Overview" 5513: 5512: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5481: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5443: 5432: 5422: 5420: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5374: 5367: 5357: 5355: 5340: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5294:Moore, Daniel. 5292: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5270: 5266: 5256: 5254: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5230: 5228: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5181: 5177: 5167: 5165: 5164:on 29 June 2017 5161: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5128:on 29 June 2017 5125: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5034: 5032: 5019: 5018: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4982: 4973: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4875: 4868: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4625: 4623: 4534: 4495: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4404:information or 4400:It may include 4399: 4387: 4376: 4358: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4332: 4320:Hillary Clinton 4302: 4254:In response to 4252: 4236: 4210: 4175: 4153: 4111:digital privacy 4067: 4059:Molly Crabapple 4043:Pentagon Papers 4039:Daniel Ellsberg 4020:Valencia, Spain 3968: 3939: 3907:Jacob Appelbaum 3903: 3889: 3866: 3819:Freedom Hosting 3717: 3715: 3675: 3668: 3662: 3653: 3647: 3638: 3635: 3549: 3537: 3478: 3462: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3356:Initial release 3351:The Tor Project 3329: 3292:Freedom Hosting 3251:Dutch authority 3247: 3186:removable media 3156: 3102: 3092: 3032: 3018: 2931: 2907: 2895: 2885: 2883:Implementations 2876: 2850: 2822: 2810:publicly funded 2730:attacking relay 2708: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2677: 2662: 2658: 2651: 2641: 2616: 2599: 2565: 2545: 2518: 2493: 2457: 2445: 2440: 2419: 2351: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2330: 2326: 2319: 2311:Internet forums 2227:hidden services 2219: 2213: 2207: 2139: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2082: 2071: 2065: 2063:Tor Project FAQ 2062: 1836:Radio Free Asia 1812: 1808: 1807: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540:Illicit Social 1534: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1398: 1394: 1393: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1162: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1093: 1087: 1060:Stichting NLnet 1016:The Tor Project 952: 916:overlay network 905: 876: 875: 846: 838: 837: 808: 800: 799: 780: 772: 771: 732: 724: 723: 699: 691: 690: 626: 618: 617: 573: 565: 564: 550:Library Genesis 535: 527: 526: 487:KickassTorrents 482:FitGirl Repacks 452: 444: 443: 414: 406: 405: 366: 323: 290:Overlay network 277: 213: 189: 168: 160: 154: 152: 149: 133: 117: 115: 112: 108:Initial release 102:The Tor Project 91: 88:The Tor Project 71: 64:The Tor Project 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18388: 18378: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18322: 18317: 18312: 18307: 18302: 18297: 18292: 18287: 18282: 18277: 18272: 18267: 18250: 18249: 18244: 18243: 18241: 18240: 18235: 18230: 18224: 18221: 18220: 18217: 18216: 18213: 18212: 18210: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18058: 18056: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18048: 18043: 18038: 18033: 18028: 18023: 18018: 18013: 18008: 18003: 17998: 17993: 17988: 17983: 17978: 17973: 17968: 17963: 17957: 17955: 17948: 17947: 17945: 17944: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17924: 17919: 17914: 17909: 17904: 17898: 17896: 17889: 17888: 17886: 17885: 17880: 17875: 17870: 17865: 17860: 17855: 17850: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17830: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17774: 17772: 17765: 17764: 17762: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17731: 17726: 17720: 17718: 17707: 17706: 17696: 17695: 17692: 17691: 17688: 17687: 17685: 17684: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17664: 17659: 17654: 17649: 17643: 17641: 17637: 17636: 17634: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17602: 17600: 17593: 17592: 17590: 17589: 17584: 17579: 17574: 17568: 17566: 17559: 17558: 17556: 17555: 17554: 17553: 17548: 17543: 17538: 17533: 17522: 17517: 17512: 17507: 17502: 17497: 17492: 17486: 17484: 17477: 17476: 17474: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17418: 17413: 17408: 17398: 17396:Microsoft Edge 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17337: 17335: 17324: 17323: 17313: 17312: 17309: 17308: 17305: 17304: 17302: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17285: 17284: 17283: 17282: 17272: 17261: 17259: 17255: 17254: 17252: 17251: 17250: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17208: 17207: 17196: 17194: 17188: 17187: 17185: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17168: 17166: 17158: 17157: 17155: 17154: 17151: 17148: 17137: 17136: 17129: 17128: 17121: 17114: 17106: 17097: 17096: 17094: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17072: 17070: 17066: 17065: 17063: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17050:Captive portal 17046: 17044: 17043:Other software 17040: 17039: 17037: 17036: 17031: 17026: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16990: 16988: 16984: 16983: 16980: 16979: 16977: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16950: 16948: 16942: 16941: 16938: 16937: 16935: 16934: 16928: 16926: 16920: 16919: 16917: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16900: 16898: 16889: 16880: 16879: 16876: 16875: 16873: 16872: 16867: 16862: 16857: 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16826: 16824: 16818: 16817: 16815: 16814: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16789: 16784: 16779: 16773: 16771: 16762: 16750: 16732: 16731: 16724: 16723: 16716: 16709: 16701: 16692: 16691: 16689: 16688: 16677: 16674: 16673: 16671: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16653:Search warrant 16650: 16645: 16640: 16635: 16633:Identity theft 16630: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16604: 16602: 16598: 16597: 16595: 16594: 16589: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16539: 16533: 16531: 16527: 16526: 16524: 16523: 16518: 16513: 16508: 16506:Privacy policy 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16467: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16446: 16441: 16435: 16433: 16427: 16426: 16424: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16397: 16395: 16391: 16390: 16388: 16387: 16385:United Kingdom 16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16300:European Union 16297: 16292: 16286: 16284: 16278: 16277: 16275: 16274: 16273: 16272: 16258: 16256:United Kingdom 16253: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16216:European Union 16213: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16182: 16180: 16174: 16173: 16171: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16155: 16150: 16144: 16142: 16138: 16137: 16130: 16129: 16122: 16115: 16107: 16098: 16097: 16095: 16094: 16084: 16073: 16070: 16069: 16067: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16050: 16049: 16044: 16037:Hash functions 16034: 16029: 16023: 16021: 16020:Related topics 16017: 16016: 16014: 16013: 16008: 16002: 16000: 15994: 15993: 15991: 15990: 15984: 15982: 15978: 15977: 15975: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15953: 15951: 15947: 15946: 15944: 15943: 15938: 15932: 15930: 15922: 15921: 15919: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15877: 15875: 15862: 15861: 15859: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15817: 15815: 15809: 15808: 15806: 15805: 15800: 15799: 15798: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15702: 15700: 15686: 15685: 15682: 15681: 15679: 15678: 15675: 15674: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15638: 15633: 15628: 15627: 15626: 15621: 15611: 15605: 15603: 15597: 15596: 15594: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15572: 15570: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15539: 15537: 15531: 15530: 15528: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15486: 15484: 15478: 15477: 15475: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15434: 15429: 15424: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15387:BBM Enterprise 15383: 15381: 15375: 15374: 15372: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15335: 15333: 15327: 15326: 15324: 15323: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15282: 15280: 15271: 15263: 15262: 15260: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15198: 15196: 15190: 15189: 15182: 15181: 15174: 15167: 15159: 15153: 15150: 15149: 15137: 15136: 15110: 15107: 15106: 15104: 15103: 15097: 15095: 15091: 15090: 15088: 15087: 15082: 15081: 15080: 15069: 15067: 15063: 15062: 15060: 15059: 15054: 15048: 15046: 15042: 15041: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15008: 15006: 14999: 14998: 14996: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14983:JAP (JonDonym) 14980: 14974: 14972: 14965: 14961: 14960: 14957: 14956: 14954: 14953: 14946: 14940: 14938: 14934: 14933: 14931: 14930: 14925: 14918: 14916:Hotspot Shield 14913: 14908: 14903: 14897: 14895: 14891: 14890: 14888: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14870: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14842: 14840: 14831: 14827: 14826: 14823: 14822: 14820: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14788: 14786: 14782: 14781: 14779: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14752: 14750: 14740: 14736: 14735: 14733: 14732: 14731: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14707: 14706: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14682: 14681: 14680: 14675: 14664: 14662: 14658: 14657: 14649: 14648: 14641: 14634: 14626: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14613: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14594: 14591: 14590: 14588: 14587: 14581: 14575: 14569: 14563: 14557: 14551: 14545: 14539: 14532: 14530: 14526: 14525: 14523: 14522: 14517: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14490: 14488: 14482: 14481: 14479: 14478: 14473: 14467: 14461: 14456: 14451: 14446: 14441: 14434: 14432: 14430:Whistleblowing 14426: 14425: 14423: 14422: 14415: 14413: 14407: 14406: 14404: 14403: 14397: 14391: 14385: 14378: 14376: 14370: 14369: 14367: 14366: 14361: 14355: 14349: 14343: 14337: 14331: 14324: 14322: 14316: 14315: 14313: 14312: 14306: 14300: 14294: 14289: 14282: 14280: 14274: 14273: 14271: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14235: 14230: 14225: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14189: 14187: 14181: 14180: 14178: 14177: 14172: 14169:Blockchain.com 14165: 14163: 14159: 14158: 14156: 14155: 14150: 14144: 14138: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14099: 14097: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14067: 14061: 14055: 14050: 14044: 14042: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14027: 14024:The Pirate Bay 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 13999: 13997: 13983: 13982: 13980: 13979: 13973: 13967: 13959: 13951: 13945: 13937: 13931: 13925: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13901: 13898:Deutsche Welle 13895: 13889: 13883: 13877: 13870: 13868: 13862: 13861: 13859: 13858: 13852: 13846: 13841: 13835: 13829: 13823: 13817: 13815: 13813:Search engines 13809: 13808: 13806: 13805: 13795: 13784: 13781: 13780: 13773: 13772: 13765: 13758: 13750: 13741: 13740: 13738: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13696: 13694: 13690: 13689: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13666: 13664: 13658: 13657: 13655: 13654: 13649: 13641: 13635: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13623: 13617: 13615: 13609: 13608: 13606: 13605: 13600: 13594: 13592: 13586: 13585: 13583: 13582: 13574: 13566: 13558: 13552: 13550: 13544: 13543: 13541: 13540: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13516: 13507: 13505: 13499: 13498: 13496: 13495: 13487: 13482: 13476: 13474: 13468: 13467: 13465: 13464: 13456: 13450: 13448: 13442: 13441: 13439: 13438: 13432: 13430: 13421: 13417: 13416: 13414: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13367: 13365: 13361: 13360: 13358: 13357: 13349: 13347:Bruce Schneier 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13308: 13306: 13300: 13299: 13297: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13275: 13273: 13266: 13265: 13254: 13253: 13246: 13239: 13231: 13225: 13224: 13215: 13205: 13195: 13186: 13180: 13174: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13137: 13136:External links 13134: 13132: 13131: 13125: 13115:Email Security 13105: 13099: 13083: 13077: 13064: 13035: 13029: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13007: 13006: 12991: 12961: 12930: 12900: 12883:Foreign Policy 12869: 12836: 12807: 12790:torproject.org 12777: 12746: 12713: 12680: 12657:Browne, Ryan. 12649: 12619: 12589: 12553: 12522: 12492: 12462: 12432: 12401: 12370: 12338: 12308: 12282: 12265:TorProject.org 12251: 12206: 12175: 12144: 12125: 12089: 12059: 12028: 11997: 11971: 11945: 11928:The New Yorker 11914: 11883: 11853: 11822: 11791: 11761: 11731: 11700: 11670: 11640: 11610: 11580: 11550: 11519: 11488: 11473:(in Spanish). 11457: 11427: 11404: 11373: 11362:on 3 June 2016 11343: 11312: 11282: 11252: 11221: 11190: 11159: 11128: 11095: 11062: 11051:on 4 July 2013 11029: 10998: 10980:Foreign Policy 10965: 10935: 10904: 10872: 10836: 10805: 10774: 10743: 10713: 10683: 10652: 10643: 10634: 10601: 10571: 10540: 10515: 10481: 10448: 10415: 10384: 10353: 10322: 10305:torproject.org 10292: 10261: 10230: 10203: 10181: 10167: 10149: 10138: 10108: 10097:on 11 May 2011 10078: 10030: 10019:on 11 May 2011 10000: 9973: 9943: 9913: 9883: 9864: 9844: 9814: 9784: 9753: 9727: 9701: 9676: 9645: 9633:Tom's Hardware 9619: 9589: 9559: 9532: 9515:sukhbir's blog 9501: 9467: 9437: 9404: 9371: 9340: 9307: 9288: 9257: 9238:Owen, Gareth. 9230: 9197: 9164: 9132: 9101: 9070: 9052: 9034: 9004: 8974: 8943: 8917: 8887: 8854: 8828: 8796: 8763: 8729: 8698: 8664: 8634: 8604: 8587:torproject.org 8574: 8545: 8516: 8486: 8439: 8406: 8375: 8344: 8313: 8304:Choucri, Nazli 8294: 8264: 8233: 8216:torproject.org 8200: 8163: 8132: 8099: 8068: 8037: 8025: 8013: 8001: 7989: 7977: 7965: 7935: 7923: 7892: 7859: 7828: 7797: 7766: 7731: 7709: 7676: 7634: 7604: 7564: 7549: 7510: 7479: 7449: 7419: 7392: 7373: 7343: 7306: 7269: 7236: 7205: 7169: 7134: 7103: 7072: 7045: 7019: 6996: 6955: 6940: 6905: 6876: 6845: 6814: 6783: 6752: 6719: 6693: 6660: 6646: 6609: 6578: 6548: 6515: 6485: 6464:"Tor: Bridges" 6455: 6425: 6394: 6363: 6332: 6299: 6268: 6237: 6204: 6186:Foreign Policy 6168: 6136: 6103: 6070: 6041: 6010: 5979: 5949: 5916: 5885: 5874:on 3 June 2011 5854: 5823: 5816: 5792: 5761: 5731: 5699: 5668: 5636: 5569: 5536: 5506: 5470: 5430: 5399: 5365: 5334: 5312: 5286: 5272:Owen, Gareth. 5264: 5238: 5208: 5175: 5139: 5103: 5072: 5042: 5009: 4971: 4956: 4926: 4900: 4866: 4849: 4829: 4799: 4773: 4743: 4721: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4473: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4437: 4436: 4430:September 2024 4390: 4388: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4336:Nick Mathewson 4331: 4328: 4301: 4298: 4286:, and Tor and 4273:Snowflake tool 4251: 4248: 4235: 4232: 4214:Edward Snowden 4209: 4206: 4186:torservers.net 4184:, a member of 4182:Zwiebelfreunde 4174: 4171: 4152: 4149: 4106:The New Yorker 4075:Alison Macrina 4066: 4063: 4055:Edward Snowden 3967: 3964: 3960:Turkey blocked 3938: 3935: 3915:Edward Snowden 3902: 3899: 3894:Foreign Policy 3888: 3885: 3865: 3862: 3808:research grant 3752:infrastructure 3714: 3711: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3663: 3656: 3654: 3648: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3629: 3595:Firefox add-on 3548: 3545: 3536: 3533: 3498: 3497: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3450: 3443: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3383: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3328: 3325: 3305:Edward Snowden 3253:investigating 3246: 3243: 3164: 3163: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3075: 3068: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2921: 2920: 2906: 2903: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2858:darknet market 2849: 2846: 2821: 2818: 2805: 2804: 2803:being involved 2777: 2774: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2710: 2709: 2665: 2663: 2656: 2640: 2637: 2615: 2614:Heartbleed bug 2612: 2598: 2595: 2564: 2561: 2544: 2541: 2525:Steven Murdoch 2517: 2514: 2504:and algorithm 2492: 2489: 2456: 2453: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2418: 2415: 2353: 2352: 2346:September 2020 2333: 2331: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2297:links include 2223:onion services 2206: 2205:Onion services 2203: 2197:World Wide Web 2138: 2135: 2083: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2060: 2039:Great Firewall 2035:whistleblowers 2008:The New Yorker 1988:social workers 1955:whistleblowers 1916:identity theft 1910:, bank fraud, 1848:Hotspot Shield 1814: 1813: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1792: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1776: 1774: 1767: 1765: 1764:Illicit total 1761: 1760: 1753: 1751: 1744: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1728: 1726: 1719: 1717: 1715:Illicit Drugs 1711: 1710: 1703: 1701: 1694: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1678: 1676: 1669: 1667: 1665:Illicit Other 1661: 1660: 1653: 1651: 1644: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1626: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1603: 1601: 1594: 1592: 1590:Illicit links 1586: 1585: 1578: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1553: 1551: 1544: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1519: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1501: 1494: 1492: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1471:onion services 1464: 1463: 1456: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1440: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1424: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1408: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1392: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1376: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1360: 1358: 1352: 1351: 1344: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1328: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1312: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1296: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1280: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1264: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1248: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1230: 1224: 1223: 1216: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1200: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1184: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1168: 1166: 1158: 1157: 1150: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1134: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1118: 1116: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1098:onion services 1086: 1083: 1032:fiscal sponsor 1003:Nick Mathewson 951: 948: 907: 906: 904: 903: 896: 889: 881: 878: 877: 874: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 847: 844: 843: 840: 839: 836: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 809: 806: 805: 802: 801: 798: 797: 792: 787: 781: 778: 777: 774: 773: 770: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 733: 730: 729: 726: 725: 722: 721: 716: 711: 706: 704:Butter Project 700: 697: 696: 693: 692: 689: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 627: 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 583:Direct Connect 580: 574: 571: 570: 567: 566: 563: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524: 522:YourBittorrent 519: 514: 512:The Pirate Bay 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 442: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 415: 412: 411: 408: 407: 404: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 367: 364: 363: 360: 359: 351: 350: 344: 343: 331: 330: 321: 317: 316: 311: 305: 304: 287: 281: 280: 275: 269: 268: 239: 233: 232: 219: 215: 214: 212: 211: 186: 184: 178: 177: 174: 173: 162: 161: 142:0.4.8.12 139: 138: 127: 126: 123: 122: 109: 105: 104: 99: 93: 92: 86: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18387: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18370:Proxy servers 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18360:Onion routing 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18291: 18288: 18286: 18283: 18281: 18278: 18276: 18273: 18271: 18270:2002 software 18268: 18266: 18263: 18262: 18260: 18239: 18236: 18234: 18231: 18229: 18226: 18225: 18222: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18190: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18059: 18057: 18053: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18027: 18024: 18022: 18019: 18017: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18007: 18004: 18002: 17999: 17997: 17996:Nokia Symbian 17994: 17992: 17989: 17987: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17974: 17972: 17969: 17967: 17964: 17962: 17959: 17958: 17956: 17953: 17949: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17923: 17920: 17918: 17915: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17890: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17848:PirateBrowser 17846: 17844: 17843:Mozilla suite 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17775: 17773: 17770: 17766: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17712: 17708: 17701: 17697: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17658: 17655: 17653: 17650: 17648: 17645: 17644: 17642: 17638: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17603: 17601: 17599: 17594: 17588: 17585: 17583: 17580: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17570: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17560: 17552: 17549: 17547: 17544: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17528: 17527: 17523: 17521: 17518: 17516: 17513: 17511: 17508: 17506: 17503: 17501: 17498: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17478: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17427: 17424: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17406: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17341:Google Chrome 17339: 17338: 17336: 17333: 17329: 17325: 17318: 17314: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17281: 17278: 17277: 17276: 17273: 17271: 17268: 17267: 17266: 17263: 17262: 17260: 17256: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17224: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17206: 17203: 17202: 17201: 17198: 17197: 17195: 17193: 17192:Web standards 17189: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17169: 17167: 17163: 17159: 17152: 17149: 17146: 17145: 17142: 17138: 17134: 17127: 17122: 17120: 17115: 17113: 17108: 17107: 17104: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17073: 17071: 17067: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17047: 17045: 17041: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16991: 16989: 16985: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16951: 16949: 16947: 16943: 16933: 16930: 16929: 16927: 16925: 16921: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16901: 16899: 16897: 16896:Entirely free 16893: 16890: 16885: 16881: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16827: 16825: 16823: 16819: 16813: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16775: 16774: 16772: 16770: 16769:Entirely free 16766: 16763: 16758: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16739: 16733: 16729: 16722: 16717: 16715: 16710: 16708: 16703: 16702: 16699: 16687: 16679: 16678: 16675: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16636: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16623:Eavesdropping 16621: 16619: 16618:Data security 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16605: 16603: 16599: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16534: 16532: 16528: 16522: 16519: 16517: 16516:Secret ballot 16514: 16512: 16509: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16476:Personal data 16474: 16472: 16469: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16451: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16436: 16434: 16432: 16428: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16398: 16396: 16392: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16287: 16285: 16283: 16279: 16271: 16267: 16264: 16263: 16262: 16261:United States 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16183: 16181: 16179: 16175: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16145: 16143: 16139: 16135: 16128: 16123: 16121: 16116: 16114: 16109: 16108: 16105: 16093: 16085: 16083: 16075: 16074: 16071: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16039: 16038: 16035: 16033: 16030: 16028: 16025: 16024: 16022: 16018: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16003: 16001: 15999: 15995: 15989: 15986: 15985: 15983: 15979: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15954: 15952: 15948: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15933: 15931: 15929: 15923: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15878: 15876: 15872: 15867: 15863: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15818: 15816: 15814: 15810: 15804: 15801: 15797: 15794: 15793: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15703: 15701: 15697: 15691: 15687: 15676: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15643: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15634: 15632: 15629: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15606: 15604: 15602: 15598: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15573: 15571: 15569: 15565: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15540: 15538: 15536: 15532: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15510:SoftEther VPN 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15487: 15485: 15483: 15479: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15392:Bouncy Castle 15390: 15388: 15385: 15384: 15382: 15380: 15379:TLS & SSL 15376: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15336: 15334: 15332: 15328: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15283: 15281: 15279: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15269:communication 15264: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15227: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15199: 15197: 15195: 15194:Email clients 15191: 15187: 15180: 15175: 15173: 15168: 15166: 15161: 15160: 15157: 15151: 15144: 15134: 15133: 15124: 15123: 15113: 15108: 15102: 15099: 15098: 15096: 15092: 15086: 15085:Turkey Blocks 15083: 15079: 15076: 15075: 15074: 15071: 15070: 15068: 15064: 15058: 15057:USB dead drop 15055: 15053: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15043: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15003:Anonymous P2P 15000: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14975: 14973: 14969: 14966: 14962: 14952: 14951: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14941: 14939: 14935: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14923: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14892: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14875: 14871: 14869: 14868: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14843: 14841: 14839: 14838:Free software 14835: 14832: 14828: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14789: 14787: 14783: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14749: 14744: 14741: 14737: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14710: 14708: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14685: 14683: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14670: 14669: 14666: 14665: 14663: 14659: 14654: 14647: 14642: 14640: 14635: 14633: 14628: 14627: 14624: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14603:.onion domain 14601: 14599: 14596: 14595: 14592: 14585: 14582: 14579: 14576: 14573: 14570: 14567: 14564: 14561: 14558: 14555: 14552: 14549: 14546: 14543: 14540: 14537: 14534: 14533: 14531: 14527: 14521: 14518: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14491: 14489: 14487: 14483: 14477: 14474: 14471: 14468: 14465: 14462: 14460: 14457: 14455: 14452: 14450: 14447: 14445: 14442: 14439: 14436: 14435: 14433: 14431: 14427: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14414: 14412: 14408: 14401: 14398: 14395: 14392: 14389: 14386: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14375: 14371: 14365: 14362: 14359: 14356: 14353: 14350: 14347: 14344: 14341: 14338: 14335: 14332: 14329: 14326: 14325: 14323: 14321: 14317: 14310: 14307: 14304: 14301: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14287: 14286:Archive.today 14284: 14283: 14281: 14279: 14275: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14190: 14188: 14186: 14182: 14176: 14173: 14170: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14160: 14154: 14151: 14148: 14145: 14142: 14139: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14104: 14101: 14100: 14098: 14096: 14092: 14088: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14071: 14068: 14065: 14062: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14048:Bitmessage.ch 14046: 14045: 14043: 14041: 14036: 14032: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14004: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13996: 13992: 13988: 13984: 13977: 13974: 13971: 13968: 13965: 13964: 13960: 13957: 13956: 13955:The Intercept 13952: 13949: 13946: 13943: 13942: 13938: 13935: 13932: 13929: 13926: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13907: 13906: 13902: 13899: 13896: 13893: 13890: 13887: 13884: 13881: 13878: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13867: 13863: 13856: 13853: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13839: 13836: 13833: 13830: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13818: 13816: 13814: 13810: 13804: 13796: 13794: 13786: 13785: 13782: 13778: 13771: 13766: 13764: 13759: 13757: 13752: 13751: 13748: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13697: 13695: 13691: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13667: 13665: 13663: 13659: 13653: 13650: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13628: 13622: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13614: 13610: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13595: 13593: 13591: 13587: 13578: 13577:Tor Messenger 13575: 13570: 13567: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13553: 13551: 13549: 13545: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13517: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13504: 13500: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13480:PirateBrowser 13478: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13469: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13451: 13449: 13447: 13443: 13437: 13434: 13433: 13431: 13429: 13425: 13422: 13418: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13368: 13366: 13362: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13317:Wendy Seltzer 13315: 13313: 13310: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13301: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13276: 13274: 13272: 13267: 13263: 13262:Onion routing 13259: 13252: 13247: 13245: 13240: 13238: 13233: 13232: 13229: 13223: 13219: 13216: 13213: 13210:given at the 13209: 13206: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13190: 13187: 13184: 13181: 13178: 13175: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13151: 13145: 13140: 13139: 13128: 13122: 13117: 13116: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13084: 13080: 13074: 13070: 13065: 13061: 13057: 13053: 13049: 13045: 13041: 13036: 13032: 13026: 13022: 13017: 13016: 13002: 12995: 12979: 12975: 12971: 12965: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12934: 12918: 12914: 12910: 12904: 12888: 12884: 12880: 12873: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12843: 12841: 12824: 12820: 12814: 12812: 12795: 12791: 12787: 12781: 12765: 12761: 12757: 12750: 12734: 12730: 12729: 12724: 12717: 12701: 12698:(in German). 12697: 12696: 12691: 12684: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12653: 12637: 12633: 12629: 12623: 12607: 12603: 12599: 12593: 12577: 12573: 12572: 12567: 12560: 12558: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12526: 12510: 12506: 12502: 12496: 12480: 12476: 12472: 12466: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12436: 12420: 12416: 12412: 12405: 12389: 12385: 12381: 12374: 12358: 12354: 12353: 12348: 12342: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12312: 12296: 12292: 12286: 12270: 12266: 12262: 12255: 12247: 12241: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12210: 12194: 12190: 12186: 12179: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12148: 12140: 12136: 12129: 12110: 12107:. June 2017. 12106: 12099: 12093: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12063: 12047: 12043: 12039: 12032: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12001: 11985: 11981: 11975: 11959: 11955: 11949: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11918: 11902: 11898: 11894: 11887: 11880: 11868: 11864: 11857: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11826: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11795: 11779: 11775: 11771: 11765: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11735: 11719: 11715: 11714:The Daily Dot 11711: 11704: 11688: 11684: 11680: 11674: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11644: 11628: 11624: 11620: 11614: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11584: 11568: 11564: 11560: 11554: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11523: 11507: 11503: 11499: 11492: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11461: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11431: 11423: 11419: 11415: 11408: 11392: 11388: 11387:The Daily Dot 11384: 11377: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11347: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11316: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11286: 11270: 11266: 11262: 11256: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11225: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11194: 11178: 11174: 11173:The Daily Dot 11170: 11163: 11156: 11143: 11139: 11132: 11116: 11112: 11111: 11106: 11099: 11083: 11079: 11078: 11073: 11066: 11050: 11046: 11045: 11040: 11033: 11017: 11013: 11009: 11002: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10976: 10969: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10939: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10908: 10892: 10888: 10887: 10882: 10876: 10857: 10853: 10846: 10840: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10809: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10778: 10762: 10758: 10757:The Daily Dot 10754: 10747: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10717: 10701: 10697: 10693: 10687: 10671: 10667: 10663: 10656: 10647: 10638: 10622: 10618: 10617: 10612: 10605: 10589: 10585: 10581: 10575: 10559: 10555: 10551: 10544: 10536: 10532: 10531: 10526: 10519: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10488: 10486: 10469: 10465: 10464: 10459: 10452: 10436: 10432: 10431: 10426: 10419: 10403: 10399: 10395: 10388: 10372: 10368: 10364: 10357: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10326: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10296: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10265: 10249: 10245: 10244:Brave Browser 10241: 10234: 10218: 10214: 10207: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10185: 10177: 10171: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10147: 10142: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10112: 10096: 10092: 10088: 10082: 10074: 10068: 10061: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10034: 10018: 10014: 10010: 10004: 9989: 9985: 9984: 9977: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9947: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9917: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9887: 9871: 9867: 9861: 9857: 9856: 9848: 9832: 9828: 9824: 9818: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9788: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9757: 9742: 9738: 9731: 9715: 9714:The Daily Dot 9711: 9705: 9690: 9686: 9680: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9649: 9634: 9630: 9623: 9607: 9603: 9599: 9593: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9563: 9547: 9543: 9536: 9520: 9516: 9512: 9505: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9474: 9472: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9441: 9425: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9408: 9392: 9388: 9387: 9382: 9375: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9344: 9328: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9311: 9304: 9300: 9297: 9292: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9261: 9245: 9241: 9234: 9218: 9214: 9213: 9208: 9201: 9185: 9181: 9180: 9175: 9168: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9142: 9136: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9105: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9074: 9066: 9062: 9056: 9048: 9044: 9038: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9008: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8978: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8947: 8931: 8927: 8921: 8905: 8901: 8897: 8891: 8875: 8871: 8870: 8865: 8858: 8842: 8838: 8832: 8816: 8812: 8811: 8806: 8800: 8784: 8780: 8779: 8778:Linux Journal 8774: 8767: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8736: 8734: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8668: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8638: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8578: 8562: 8559: 8555: 8549: 8534: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8482: 8476: 8457: 8450: 8443: 8424: 8417: 8410: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8379: 8363: 8359: 8355: 8348: 8332: 8328: 8324: 8317: 8309: 8305: 8298: 8282: 8278: 8271: 8269: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8237: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8207: 8205: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8136: 8120: 8116: 8115: 8114:The Daily Dot 8110: 8103: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8072: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8041: 8034: 8029: 8022: 8017: 8010: 8005: 7998: 7993: 7986: 7981: 7974: 7969: 7953: 7949: 7942: 7940: 7932: 7927: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7896: 7880: 7876: 7875: 7870: 7863: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7832: 7816: 7812: 7808: 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5640: 5632: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5474: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5372: 5370: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5323: 5316: 5301: 5297: 5290: 5275: 5268: 5252: 5248: 5242: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5212: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5186: 5179: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5143: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5082:"Tor is free" 5076: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5046: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5014: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4967: 4960: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4873: 4871: 4863: 4852: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4833: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4732:. 6 June 2024 4731: 4725: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4689: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4539:Anonymous P2P 4537: 4536: 4529: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4433: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4391:This article 4389: 4385: 4380: 4379: 4371: 4369: 4363: 4339: 4337: 4327: 4323: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4274: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4215: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4170: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4088: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4047:Cory Doctorow 4044: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3951: 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of the 3317: 3313: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3249:In 2011, the 3242: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3230:filter bubble 3227: 3223: 3218: 3217:Startpage.com 3214: 3210: 3209:search engine 3205: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3123:Onion routing 3121: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2902: 2900: 2894: 2890: 2880: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793:Edward Felten 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2703: 2695: 2692:February 2021 2685: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2611: 2608: 2605:, describe a 2604: 2597:Sniper attack 2594: 2591: 2585: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2488: 2485: 2478: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2452: 2450: 2438:Eavesdropping 2435: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2349: 2337: 2332: 2323: 2322: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2266: 2264: 2263:search engine 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2231:onion address 2228: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2156:A Tor user's 2152: 2148: 2143: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2099:onion routing 2090: 2086: 2080: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2018:The Intercept 2014: 2010: 2009: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1867:The Economist 1862: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1840:Freedom House 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1805: 1801: 1791: 1785: 1775: 1766: 1762: 1752: 1743: 1737: 1727: 1718: 1712: 1702: 1693: 1687: 1677: 1668: 1662: 1652: 1643: 1637: 1627: 1618: 1612: 1602: 1593: 1587: 1577: 1568: 1562: 1552: 1543: 1537: 1527: 1518: 1512: 1502: 1493: 1487: 1476: 1472: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1356:Whistleblower 1353: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1167: 1159: 1149: 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17055:Neighbornode 16999:B.A.T.M.A.N. 16663:Human rights 16178:Privacy laws 15866:File systems 15835: 15776:Private Disk 15130: 15120: 15111: 15101:Great Cannon 14977: 14948: 14920: 14872: 14865: 14748:proxy server 14655:technologies 14233:Hydra Market 14213:Dream Market 14091:Social media 13995:file sharing 13991:peer-to-peer 13987:File storage 13961: 13953: 13941:The Guardian 13939: 13903: 13826:Brave Search 13590:File sharing 13472:Web browsers 13420:Realisations 13322:Ian Goldberg 13257: 13114: 13090: 13068: 13046:(1): 60–76. 13043: 13039: 13020: 12994: 12982:. Retrieved 12973: 12964: 12952:. Retrieved 12943: 12933: 12923:13 September 12921:. Retrieved 12912: 12903: 12891:. Retrieved 12882: 12872: 12862:13 September 12860:. Retrieved 12851: 12829:21 September 12827:. Retrieved 12798:. Retrieved 12789: 12780: 12768:. Retrieved 12759: 12749: 12737:. Retrieved 12726: 12716: 12704:. Retrieved 12693: 12683: 12671:. Retrieved 12662: 12652: 12640:. Retrieved 12631: 12622: 12610:. Retrieved 12601: 12592: 12580:. Retrieved 12569: 12544:. Retrieved 12535: 12525: 12513:. Retrieved 12504: 12495: 12483:. Retrieved 12474: 12465: 12453:. Retrieved 12444: 12435: 12423:. Retrieved 12414: 12404: 12392:. Retrieved 12383: 12373: 12361:. Retrieved 12352:The Register 12350: 12341: 12329:. Retrieved 12320: 12311: 12299:. Retrieved 12285: 12273:. Retrieved 12264: 12254: 12228:. Retrieved 12219: 12209: 12197:. Retrieved 12188: 12178: 12166:. Retrieved 12157: 12147: 12138: 12128: 12116:. Retrieved 12092: 12080:. Retrieved 12062: 12050:. 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Retrieved 4702: 4692: 4609:Proxy server 4526: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4475: 4456: 4446: 4440: 4427: 4414:unverifiable 4402:hallucinated 4392: 4365: 4341: 4333: 4324: 4316: 4303: 4292: 4281: 4277: 4253: 4240:Roskomnadzor 4237: 4221: 4211: 4199: 4179: 4176: 4154: 4134: 4104: 4102: 4091: 4083: 4068: 4036: 4032: 4024: 3988: 3983: 3969: 3958: 3954: 3943: 3940: 3930:The Guardian 3928: 3922: 3912: 3904: 3892: 3890: 3882: 3867: 3835: 3831:The Guardian 3830: 3827:The Guardian 3826: 3816: 3756: 3745: 3739:BusinessWeek 3737: 3734: 3676: 3617: 3599: 3577: 3550: 3541:CopperheadOS 3538: 3526: 3524: 3519: 3501: 3467:Available in 3347:Developer(s) 3309: 3280: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3222:web tracking 3207:The default 3206: 3167: 3112:37 languages 3109:Available in 3040:/tor-browser 3007:13.5.3 2993:13.5.3 2979:13.5.3 2965:13.5.3 2937:Developer(s) 2896: 2877: 2861: 2851: 2823: 2812:through the 2806: 2759: 2749: 2739: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2698: 2689: 2667: 2635: 2630:private keys 2617: 2602: 2600: 2586: 2572: 2566: 2546: 2523: 2519: 2494: 2484:sybil attack 2480: 2475: 2458: 2447:If the same 2446: 2420: 2408: 2389: 2374: 2369: 2356: 2343: 2335: 2309:, and other 2284: 2270: 2267: 2259: 2242: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2201: 2182: 2155: 2122: 2117:Because the 2116: 2096: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2023: 2016: 2006: 2002:The Guardian 2000: 1979: 1976: 1967:Businessweek 1965: 1962:Eva Galperin 1959: 1932: 1924:black market 1865: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1817: 1484:% of active 1076: 1009: 1007: 953: 932: 911: 910: 757:Proxy server 714:Popcorn Time 671:Transmission 467:ExtraTorrent 381:Peer to peer 365:Technologies 348:File sharing 298:onion router 148:(6 June 2024 97:Developer(s) 72: 46: 37:This is the 31: 18233:Comparisons 18192:ThunderHawk 18172:NetPositive 18112:Edge Legacy 18041:WebPositive 18006:Opera Coast 17868:Swiftweasel 17631:qutebrowser 17520:Tor Browser 17515:SlimBrowser 17280:third-party 17232:Web storage 17227:WebAssembly 16959:ExtremeWare 16946:Proprietary 16658:Wiretapping 16370:Switzerland 16355:South Korea 16345:Philippines 16335:Netherlands 16330:Isle of Man 16251:Switzerland 16231:New Zealand 15981:Educational 15786:Sentry 2020 15731:DriveSentry 15651:Google Allo 15257:Thunderbird 14988:Flash proxy 14861:Outline VPN 14851:Shadowsocks 14761:Web proxies 14504:Lolita City 14499:Childs Play 14486:Pornography 14459:NawaatLeaks 14248:TheRealDeal 14064:Proton Mail 13912:Darknetlive 13342:Megan Price 13271:source code 13269:Authors of 13161:Old website 12944:Beencrypted 12642:29 December 12612:29 December 12455:11 December 12394:12 November 11938:20 February 11836:Motherboard 11805:Motherboard 11418:Motherboard 11336:20 November 11326:Valley News 10991:28 November 10852:Der Spiegel 10819:Der Spiegel 10798:12 November 10594:11 December 10584:Tor Project 10498:Pando Daily 10474:10 December 9746:14 February 9720:14 February 9694:14 February 9582:22 November 9430:22 December 9397:22 December 9354:Tor Project 9281:26 December 9125:26 December 8712:Tor Project 8647:Tor Project 8617:Tor Project 8567:19 December 8538:4 September 8257:20 November 8226:20 November 8193:20 November 8183:Motherboard 8125:10 November 7906:Threat Post 7842:Tor Project 7780:Tor Project 7493:Tor Project 7442:10 December 7178:Zetter, Kim 6989:2 September 6859:Tor Project 6828:Motherboard 6807:22 February 6766:Motherboard 6686:13 December 6676:Tor Project 6571:13 December 6561:Tor Project 6541:27 December 6508:12 December 6468:Tor Project 6438:Tor Project 6096:22 December 5562:10 December 5551:SC Magazine 5499:30 December 5155:Tor Project 5119:Tor Project 5055:Tor Project 5025:Tor Project 4893:17 November 4258:during the 4122:Noisebridge 4119:hackerspace 4071:Keith Ammon 4051:Boing Boing 4003:Zoe Lofgren 3837:Der Spiegel 3762:, with the 3504:Instantbird 3482:.torproject 3296:extradition 3170:web browser 3135:feed reader 3131:web browser 3036:.torproject 2941:Tor Project 2910:Tor Browser 2905:Tor Browser 2834:millisecond 2359:low-latency 2287:client-side 2276:open source 2239:public keys 2235:Tor Browser 2225:(formerly, 2085:Infographic 1820:anonymously 1340:Counterfeit 1108:Percentage 962:employees, 922:. Built on 845:Comparisons 752:Private P2P 661:qBittorrent 625:P2P clients 424:Dailymotion 391:Web hosting 294:mix network 193:.torproject 170:[±] 155:6 June 2024 135:[±] 18259:Categories 17878:Timberwolf 17873:TenFourFox 17818:Kazehakase 17808:Ghostzilla 17677:Opera Mini 17611:DuckDuckGo 17500:GNU IceCat 17270:Encryption 17222:JavaScript 17177:Extensions 16860:SmoothWall 16845:ExtremeXOS 16643:Panopticon 16266:California 16141:Principles 15972:NordLocker 15916:Tahoe-LAFS 15906:Rubberhose 15846:RetroShare 15721:Cryptoloop 15716:CrossCrypt 15696:Comparison 15666:TextSecure 15624:ChatSecure 15586:RetroShare 15576:Bitmessage 15515:strongSwan 15301:ChatSecure 15212:Claws Mail 15202:Apple Mail 15052:Sneakernet 15022:StealthNet 14856:OnionShare 14739:Principles 14698:Wordfilter 14661:Background 14578:OnionShare 14464:SecureDrop 14449:GlobaLeaks 14411:Government 14147:Kiwi Farms 13970:ProPublica 13922:ProPublica 13917:DeepDotWeb 13880:Bellingcat 13832:DuckDuckGo 13647:(outdated) 13580:(outdated) 13572:(outdated) 13564:(outdated) 13538:(outdated) 13535:xB Machine 13520:(outdated) 13518:Incognito 13514:(outdated) 13493:(outdated) 13490:xB Browser 13462:(outdated) 13428:Proxifiers 13337:Cindy Cohn 13312:Matt Blaze 13284:Free Haven 12984:6 February 12954:6 February 12893:28 October 12800:31 October 12770:11 October 12739:10 October 12706:11 October 12673:11 October 12485:8 December 12425:8 December 12363:10 October 12331:1 December 12301:1 December 12118:20 January 12082:20 January 11543:9 February 11214:15 October 10958:15 October 10928:15 October 10865:23 January 10829:23 January 10676:6 February 10666:The Switch 10463:PandoDaily 10254:22 January 9827:Bitmessage 9494:31 October 9460:18 October 8691:13 January 8597:31 October 8156:8 November 7811:tor-relays 7532:1711.10079 7472:17 October 7412:5 December 7366:5 December 7336:5 December 7299:5 December 7229:3 February 7127:16 January 7096:16 January 7065:16 January 6129:17 January 5972:7 December 5909:6 February 5382:CSO Online 5231:26 October 5221:Free Haven 4406:references 4190:riseup.net 3844:, Cspace, 3790:including 3782:, and the 3770:, and the 3637:Orbot logo 3587:ChatSecure 3573:OnionShare 3561:Bitmessage 3557:BitTorrent 3447:Windows XP 3424:JavaScript 3416:Written in 3405:Repository 3391:2017-09-28 3366:2015-10-29 3213:DuckDuckGo 3158:torproject 3072:Windows XP 3028:Repository 2887:See also: 2830:JavaScript 2783:, part of 2669:neutrality 2620:Heartbleed 2577:BitTorrent 2477:anonymous? 2428:hard coded 2317:Weaknesses 2209:See also: 2199:browsing. 2119:IP address 2103:encryption 2013:ProPublica 1997:SecureDrop 1896:news leaks 1828:hacktivism 1640:Extremism 1481:% of total 1469:Web-based 1096:Web-based 1079:weaknesses 979:encryption 914:is a free 656:OnionShare 578:BitTorrent 540:ICanHazPDF 325:torproject 278:101–198 MB 218:Written in 182:Repository 118:2002-09-20 18157:Line Mode 17981:Google TV 17937:SpaceTime 17932:NetCaptor 17927:NeoPlanet 17813:IceDragon 17788:Classilla 17621:Lunascape 17616:Konqueror 17577:GNOME Web 17546:SeaMonkey 17541:Pale Moon 17505:LibreWolf 17456:ungoogled 17446:Supermium 17299:WebSocket 17258:Protocols 17237:IndexedDB 17172:Bookmarks 17153:protocols 17150:standards 17024:OpenOSPFD 17014:GNU Zebra 17009:FRRouting 16954:Cisco IOS 16850:FRITZ!Box 16812:Zeroshell 16746:operating 16736:Operating 16608:Anonymity 16444:Financial 16421:Workplace 16411:Education 16320:Indonesia 16290:Australia 16246:Sri Lanka 16241:Singapore 16186:Australia 15813:Anonymity 15803:VeraCrypt 15791:TrueCrypt 15781:Scramdisk 15746:FileVault 15711:BitLocker 15706:BestCrypt 15619:Cryptocat 15525:WireGuard 15427:MatrixSSL 15397:BoringSSL 15359:SecureCRT 15321:Profanity 15296:Centericq 15207:Autocrypt 15094:Reference 15078:FreeWeibo 15073:GreatFire 14993:Mixmaster 14964:Anonymity 14944:Snowflake 14911:Ultrasurf 14885:WireGuard 14874:PirateBox 14728:Knowledge 14476:WildLeaks 14470:WikiLeaks 14364:Telecomix 14309:Z-Library 14243:Silk Road 14218:Evolution 14162:Financial 13644:Tor Phone 13639:Snowflake 13511:Anonym.OS 13220:given by 13119:. Wiley. 13093:. Wiley. 13060:214213117 12632:TechRadar 12602:TechRadar 12158:The Verge 11774:FIMS News 11471:El Diario 11356:house.gov 11148:5 January 11055:28 August 11044:Das Erste 10767:3 October 10736:30 August 10706:30 August 10441:30 August 10408:30 August 10346:30 August 10336:The Verge 10054:17 August 9994:25 August 9983:Orbot iOS 9777:13 August 9669:2 October 9525:6 October 9450:The Verge 9179:InfoWorld 9157:5 October 8509:24 August 8327:Softpedia 7462:01net.com 6869:9 January 6478:9 January 6448:28 August 6356:30 August 6261:30 August 6230:30 August 6197:30 August 6118:CNET News 5613:0027-8424 5463:5 October 5358:30 August 5168:30 August 5132:30 August 5021:"History" 4684:Citations 4641:Anarchism 4619:Tor Phone 4408:. Please 4288:Snowflake 4135:Tor (and 3980:backdoors 3905:In 2013, 3891:In 2012, 3858:TrueCrypt 3823:Silk Road 3699:Parrot OS 3609:App Store 3535:Tor Phone 3520:libpurple 3486:/projects 3453:Unix-like 3449:and later 3312:Kaspersky 3310:In 2022, 3287:shellcode 3127:anonymity 3103:90–165 MB 3078:Unix-like 3074:and later 2832:at the 1- 2826:Barcelona 2680:talk page 2549:Knowledge 2536:Symposium 2468:(SSL) or 2251:firewalls 2170:cleartext 2166:multiplex 2162:localhost 2127:cleartext 2069:Operation 1941:, the US 1939:Silk Road 1930:devices. 1876:Silk Road 1844:Ultrasurf 1788:Inactive 1490:Violence 1478:Category 1308:Anonymity 1212:Directory 1105:Category 1071:cartogram 1044:Internews 1024:501(c)(3) 823:Singapore 646:Filetopia 598:Gnutella2 560:Z-Library 434:Putlocker 419:123Movies 242:Unix-like 18295:Dark web 18228:Category 18182:Skweezer 18177:Netscape 18102:Deepfish 18046:xombrero 17863:Swiftfox 17793:Conkeror 17749:SalamWeb 17744:Rockmelt 17657:Ladybird 17626:NetFront 17551:Waterfox 17536:K-Meleon 17531:Basilisk 17436:Sleipnir 17346:Chromium 17165:Features 17147:Features 17019:OpenBGPD 16932:Junos OS 16909:OPNsense 16904:m0n0wall 16855:RouterOS 16797:libreCMC 16782:Floppyfw 16686:Category 16601:See also 16454:Facebook 16449:Internet 16401:Consumer 16375:Thailand 16082:Category 15988:CrypTool 15962:Tresorit 15891:eCryptfs 15851:Ricochet 15751:FreeOTFE 15741:eCryptfs 15726:dm-crypt 15671:WhatsApp 15548:Linphone 15500:Openswan 15467:TeamNote 15452:SChannel 15442:mbed TLS 15422:LibreSSL 15407:cryptlib 15339:Dropbear 15252:Sylpheed 15217:Enigmail 15122:Category 14906:Freegate 14880:VPN Gate 14807:DNSCrypt 14713:Facebook 14560:Mailpile 14494:Boystown 14444:Filtrala 14388:Qubes OS 14382:DivestOS 14203:Atlantis 14198:AlphaBay 14119:Facebook 14076:Tor Mail 13874:BBC News 13803:Category 13561:Ricochet 13364:Sponsors 13355:(former) 12978:Archived 12948:Archived 12917:Archived 12887:Archived 12856:Archived 12823:Archived 12794:Archived 12764:Archived 12733:Archived 12700:Archived 12667:Archived 12636:Archived 12606:Archived 12576:Archived 12546:17 March 12540:Archived 12509:Archived 12479:Archived 12449:Archived 12419:Archived 12388:Archived 12357:Archived 12355:. 2018. 12325:Archived 12295:Archived 12269:Archived 12240:cite web 12224:Archived 12193:Archived 12162:Archived 12109:Archived 12076:Archived 12046:Archived 12015:Archived 11984:Archived 11958:Archived 11932:Archived 11901:Archived 11867:Archived 11846:16 March 11840:Archived 11815:16 March 11809:Archived 11784:16 March 11778:Archived 11748:Archived 11724:10 March 11718:Archived 11687:Archived 11657:Archived 11627:Archived 11597:Archived 11567:Archived 11537:Archived 11506:Archived 11475:Archived 11444:Archived 11422:Archived 11391:Archived 11299:Archived 11269:Archived 11239:Archived 11208:Archived 11183:19 April 11177:Archived 11142:Archived 11115:Archived 11110:PC World 11082:Archived 11016:Archived 10952:Archived 10922:Archived 10897:23 March 10891:Archived 10856:Archived 10823:Archived 10792:Archived 10788:BBC News 10761:Archived 10730:Archived 10700:Archived 10670:Archived 10621:Archived 10588:Archived 10558:Archived 10554:Panorama 10508:21 April 10502:Archived 10468:Archived 10435:Archived 10402:Archived 10371:Archived 10340:Archived 10315:5 August 10309:Archived 10285:28 April 10248:Archived 10217:Archived 10215:. 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