1960:(LIPs) are redistributable and may be downloaded from Microsoft's Download Center and installed for any edition of Windows (XP or later) – they translate most, but not all, of the Windows interface, and require a certain base language (the language which Windows originally shipped with). This is used for most languages in emerging markets. Full Language Packs, which translate the complete operating system, are only available for specific editions of Windows (Ultimate and Enterprise editions of Windows Vista and 7, and all editions of Windows 8, 8.1 and RT except Single Language). They do not require a specific base language and are commonly used for more popular languages such as French or Chinese. These languages cannot be downloaded through the Download Center, but are available as optional updates through the
1065:
1671:
6395:
442:
3260:
1842:
43:
6385:
3204:
1775:
1477:
1325:
3410:
2187:, a second implemented for games and a more Windows-like environment for applications. Microsoft updates Xbox One's OS every month, and these updates can be downloaded from the Xbox Live service to the Xbox and subsequently installed, or by using offline recovery images downloaded via a PC. It was originally based on NT 6.2 (Windows 8) kernel, and the latest version runs on an NT 10.0 base. This system is sometimes referred to as "Windows 10 on Xbox One". Xbox One and
11523:
9766:
8331:
7996:
1949:, are automatically installed during Windows installation (in Windows XP and earlier, files for East Asian languages, such as Chinese, and files for right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic, may need to be installed separately, also from the said Control Panel). Third-party IMEs may also be installed if a user feels that the provided one is insufficient for their needs. Since Windows 2000, English editions of Windows NT have East Asian IMEs (such as
1031:
6459:
3527:, are then started with the restricted token, resulting in a reduced privilege environment even under an Administrator account. When an application requests higher privileges or "Run as administrator" is clicked, UAC will prompt for confirmation and, if consent is given (including administrator credentials if the account requesting the elevation is not a member of the administrators group), start the process using the unrestricted token.
6449:
11534:
8321:
7986:
7976:
1053:, which gives them access to several megabytes of memory without the obligation to participate in the software virtual memory scheme. They run inside the same address space, where the segmented memory provides a degree of protection. Windows 3.0 also featured improvements to the user interface. Microsoft rewrote critical operations from
3649:(Accounts, Global, Domain Local, Permissions) in which file permissions are applied to the file/folder in the form of a 'local group' which then has other 'global groups' as members. These global groups then hold other groups or users depending on different Windows versions used. This system varies from other vendor products such as
2204:, Microsoft used an in-house version control system named Source Library Manager (SLM). Shortly after Windows 2000 was released, Microsoft switched to a fork of Perforce named Source Depot. This system was used up until 2017 once the system could not keep up with the size of Windows. Microsoft had begun to integrate Git into
1631:
were released to manufacturing (RTM) and released to the public three months later on
October 22, 2009. Unlike its predecessor, Windows Vista, which introduced a large number of new features, Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line, with the goal of being
1087:
Windows 3.2, released in 1994, is an updated version of the
Chinese version of Windows 3.1. The update was limited to this language version, as it fixed only issues related to the complex writing system of the Chinese language. Windows 3.2 was generally sold by computer manufacturers with a ten-disk
3657:
due to the 'static' allocation of permission being applied directly to the file or folder. However using this process of AGLP/AGDLP/AGUDLP allows a small number of static permissions to be applied and allows for easy changes to the account groups without reapplying the file permissions on the files
1837:
In June 2021, shortly before
Microsoft's announcement of Windows 11, Microsoft updated their lifecycle policy pages for Windows 10, revealing that support for their last release of Windows 10 will end on October 14, 2025. On April 27, 2023, Microsoft announced that version 22H2 would be the last of
858:
The history of
Windows dates back to 1981 when Microsoft started work on a program called "Interface Manager". The name "Windows" comes from the fact that the system was one of the first to use graphical boxes to represent programs; in the industry, at the time, these were called "windows" and the
3522:
containing only the most basic privileges is assigned. In this way, the new logon session is incapable of making changes that would affect the entire system. When logging in as a user in the
Administrators group, two separate tokens are assigned. The first token contains all privileges typically
1990:
apps (such as Mail, Maps and News) and certain other
Microsoft-developed apps (such as Remote Desktop). The above limitations for language packs are however still in effect, except that full language packs can be installed for any edition except Single Language, which caters to emerging markets.
3492:
did offer an option of turning administrator accounts into limited accounts, the majority of home users did not do so, partially due to the number of programs which required administrator rights to function properly. As a result, most home users still ran as administrator all the time. These
1864:
was announced as the successor to
Windows 10 during a livestream. The new operating system was designed to be more user-friendly and understandable. It was released on October 5, 2021. As of May 2022, Windows 11 is a free upgrade to Windows 10 users who meet the system requirements.
3614:
of the month), although critical updates are made available at shorter intervals when necessary. Versions subsequent to
Windows 2000 SP3 and Windows XP implemented automatic download and installation of updates, substantially increasing the number of users installing security updates.
3504:
Furthermore, although
Windows NT and its successors are designed for security (including on a network) and multi-user PCs, they were not initially designed with Internet security in mind as much, since, when it was first developed in the early 1990s, Internet use was less prevalent.
2232:
development that Git was originally created to manage. Each Git repository contains a complete history of all the files, which proved unworkable for
Windows developers because cloning the whole repository takes several hours. Microsoft has been working on a new project called the
3460:, allowing any user to edit others' files. In addition, while it ran separate 32-bit applications in separate address spaces, protecting an application's code and data from being read or written by another application, it did not protect the first megabyte of memory from
1492:
series with the architecture introduced by Windows NT, a change which Microsoft promised would provide better performance over its DOS-based predecessors. Windows XP would also introduce a redesigned user interface (including an updated Start menu and a "task-oriented"
3377:(which track the use of operating systems in devices that are active on the Web), Windows was the most used operating-system family in August 2021, with around 91% usage share according to Net Applications and around 76% usage share according to StatCounter.
929:
was released in December 1987, and was more popular than its predecessor. It features several improvements to the user interface and memory management. Windows 2.03 changed the OS from tiled windows to overlapping windows. The result of this change led to
1169:
remarked that "by the time Windows 95 was finally ushered off the market in 2001, it had become a fixture on computer desktops around the world." Microsoft published four OEM Service Releases (OSR) of Windows 95, each of which was roughly equivalent to a
2054:
were released at the same time as their mainstream x86 counterparts. Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2003), released in 2003, is the last Windows client operating system to support Itanium. Windows Server line continues to support this platform until
4100:
Turner's 14% came from a new forecast released last week by Gartner, which estimated Windows' share of the shipped device market last year was 14%, and would decrease slightly to 13.7% in 2014. Android will dominate, Gartner said, with a 48% share this
3472:
the operating system. This was a source of instability as faulty applications could accidentally write into this region, potentially corrupting important operating system memory, which usually resulted in some form of system error and halt.
1944:
Multilingual support has been built into Windows since Windows 3.0. The language for both the keyboard and the interface can be changed through the Region and Language Control Panel. Components for all supported input languages, such as
988:
In addition to full Windows packages, there were runtime-only versions that shipped with early Windows software from third parties and made it possible to run their Windows software on MS-DOS and without the full Windows feature set.
6878:
1392:. Following its approval by Microsoft's staff, development continued on what was now Windows NT, the first 32-bit version of Windows. However, IBM objected to the changes, and ultimately continued OS/2 development on its own.
2191:
operating systems also allow limited (due to licensing restrictions and testing resources) backward compatibility with previous generation hardware, and the Xbox 360's system is backwards compatible with the original Xbox.
1977:
introduce a new Language Control Panel where both the interface and input languages can be simultaneously changed, and language packs, regardless of type, can be downloaded from a central location. The PC Settings app in
1898:, aiming to make the operating system available for both Apple and Android users. It is a separate service and offers several variations including Windows 365 Frontline, Windows 365 Boot, and the Windows 365 app. The
3380:
Including personal computers of all kinds (e.g., desktops, laptops, mobile devices, and game consoles), Windows OSes accounted for 32.67% of usage share in August 2021, compared to Android (highest, at 46.03%),
2208:
in 2013, but Windows (and Office) continued to rely on Source Depot. The Windows code was divided among 65 different repositories with a kind of virtualization layer to produce unified view of all of the code.
6214:
3389:'s 2.81%, and macOS's 2.51%, according to Net Applications and 30.73% of usage share in August 2021, compared to Android (highest, at 42.56%), iOS/iPadOS's 16.53%, and macOS's 6.51%, according to StatCounter.
1918:
environment, in which "employees split their time between the office and home". As the service will be accessible through web browsers, Microsoft will be able to bypass the need to publish the service through
3479:
was far more secure, implementing access privileges and full memory protection, and, while 32-bit programs meeting the DoD's C2 security rating, yet these advantages were nullified by the fact that, prior to
4989:
6809:
6142:
3444:
and networking were less common, and had few built-in security features; they did not provide access privileges to allow a user to prevent other users from accessing their files, and they did not provide
5474:
5323:
1786:
as the successor to Windows 8.1. It was released on July 29, 2015, and addresses shortcomings in the user interface first introduced with Windows 8. Changes on PC include the return of the Start Menu, a
4095:
1681:, the successor to Windows 7, was released generally on October 26, 2012. A number of significant changes were made on Windows 8, including the introduction of a user interface based around Microsoft's
9822:
1834:. This migration involved 3.5 million separate files in a 300-gigabyte repository. By May 2017, 90 percent of its engineering team was using Git, in about 8500 commits and 1760 Windows builds per day.
5641:
5443:
5073:
742:
as a foundation along with the kernel first used with Windows 95. This line has since been defunct, with Microsoft now catering to the consumer market with Windows NT starting with Windows XP.
1967:
The interface language of installed applications is not affected by changes in the Windows interface language. The availability of languages depends on the application developers themselves.
923:. Only modal dialog boxes may appear over other windows. Microsoft sold as included Windows Development libraries with the C development environment, which included numerous windows samples.
5412:
6047:
5128:
6427:
3464:
applications for compatibility reasons. This area of memory contains code critical to the functioning of the operating system, and by writing into this area of memory an application can
6868:
5015:
4533:
5217:
2115:, like satellite navigation systems and some mobile phones. Windows Embedded Compact is based on its own dedicated kernel, dubbed Windows CE kernel. Microsoft licenses Windows CE to
3167:
3165:
3160:
3158:
6783:
5154:
4927:
5808:
5567:
5684:
5247:
5861:
5598:
5096:
3878:
7007:
5947:
5194:
3717:– an open-source OS intended to run the same software as Windows, originally designed to simulate Windows NT 4.0, later aiming at Windows 7 compatibility. It has been in the
1488:, was released to manufacturing (RTM) on August 24, 2001, and to the general public on October 25, 2001. The introduction of Windows XP aimed to unify the consumer-oriented
6363:
5505:
2119:
and device makers. The OEMs and device makers can modify and create their own user interfaces and experiences, while Windows CE provides the technical foundation to do so.
4958:
3508:
In a 2002 strategy memo entitled "Trustworthy computing" sent to every Microsoft employee, Bill Gates declared that security should become Microsoft's highest priority.
3155:
3154:
677:, used for installing Windows on bare-metal computers (especially on many computers at once), recovery, or troubleshooting purposes. The latest version is Windows PE 10.
3151:
1701:
which are designed primarily for use on touch-based devices. The new Windows version required a minimum resolution of 1024×768 pixels, effectively making it unfit for
1008:. Windows implemented an elaborate, segment-based, software virtual memory scheme, which allows it to run applications larger than available memory: code segments and
6796:
In Windows Vista, the User Account Control (UAC) initiative introduces fundamental operating system changes to enhance the experience for the non-administrative user.
6293:
6206:
5775:
1272:
tools. However, Windows Me was faced with criticism for its speed and instability, along with hardware compatibility issues and its removal of real mode DOS support.
5970:
5381:
6813:
5925:
3149:
6134:
3666:
Owing to the operating system's popularity, a number of applications have been released that aim to provide compatibility with Windows applications, either as a
1004:(timer, graphics, printer, mouse, keyboard and sound). Unlike MS-DOS, Windows allowed users to execute multiple graphical applications at the same time, through
5466:
5309:
4736:
3940:
3189:
9802:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3136:
471:. It is grouped into families and sub-families that cater to particular sectors of the computing industry – Windows (unqualified) for a consumer or corporate
8032:
6183:
5622:
5435:
4113:
3129:
1072:
by end users (or in professional environments with a network installation); here Windows for Workgroups with nine 3.5-inch-disks to be inserted sequentially.
5887:
4433:
3775:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3148:
6942:
6513:
5831:
4264:
4058:
3815:
3142:
3833:
3186:
3185:
1697:, which uses large tiles that are more convenient for touch interactions and allow for the display of continually updated information, and a new class of
1648:
that contain shortcuts to files frequently used with specific applications and shortcuts to tasks within the application, a home networking system called
5348:
5277:
4774:
3187:
1240:(Millennium Edition), the last DOS-based version of Windows. Windows Me incorporated visual interface enhancements from its Windows NT-based counterpart
600:. It grew into a product line of its own and now consists of four sub-families that tend to be released almost simultaneously and share the same kernel.
3851:
1556:
pen input and additional pen-enabled applications). Mainstream support for Windows XP ended on April 14, 2009. Extended support ended on April 8, 2014.
8590:
7223:
6108:
3449:
to prevent one process from reading or writing another process's address space or to prevent a process from code or data used by privileged-mode code.
934:
alleging infringement on Apple's copyrights (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). Windows 2.0 also introduced more sophisticated
10012:
4507:
12126:
5065:
1594:
1528:, and included additional security and networking features. Home and Professional were later accompanied by the "Media Center" edition (designed for
1012:
are swapped in and thrown away when memory became scarce; data segments moved in memory when a given application had relinquished processor control.
7060:
6846:
6078:
3139:
3130:
11624:
3152:
6491:
6039:
5714:
4312:
3900:
dianmsft; Jenks, Alma; Coulter, David; Schofield, McLean; Vintzel, John; Satran, Michael; Donthini, Chaitanya; Kinsman, Mike (December 30, 2021).
3523:
awarded to an administrator, and the second is a restricted token similar to what a standard user would receive. User applications, including the
1233:
6.2 amongst other upgrades. Mainstream support for Windows 98 ended on June 30, 2002, and extended support for Windows 98 ended on July 11, 2006.
9366:
5132:
7167:
4001:
6964:
5534:
4028:
6263:
4545:
4081:
3931:
Jahiu, Dhurata; Jenks, Alma; v-chmccl; Power, Cory; Coulter, David; Schofield, McLean; Donthini, Chaitanya; Satran, Michael (April 13, 2022).
10538:
9331:
6715:
6016:
5042:
4981:
4164:
3396:, where Linux has significantly more market share than Windows) as Net Applications and StatCounter use web browsing as a proxy for all use.
3249:
1084:
features and a version number of 3.11, was released. It was sold along with Windows 3.1. Support for Windows 3.1 ended on December 31, 2001.
10688:
6556:
5011:
4481:
4415:
3145:
698:
662:
637:
7192:
5225:
3971:
3179:
3172:
3163:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
1278:
considered Windows Me to be one of the worst operating systems Microsoft had ever released, and the fourth worst tech product of all time.
1061:. Windows 3.0 was the first version of Windows to achieve broad commercial success, selling 2 million copies in the first six months.
3993:
11571:
10553:
6911:
6769:
5158:
996:
services. However, even the earliest Windows versions already assumed many typical operating system functions; notably, having their own
5798:
5557:
5404:
4710:
4212:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
2074:
was the first client version of Windows NT to be released simultaneously in IA-32 and x64 editions. As of 2024, x64 is still supported.
10718:
9795:
7917:
6335:
5665:
5255:
4357:
3093:
2228:
Because of its large, decades-long history, however, the Windows codebase is not especially well suited to the decentralized nature of
1198:
6625:
5865:
4397:
8025:
7858:
5590:
5180:
5106:
4290:
3909:
3870:
1559:
After Windows 2000, Microsoft also changed its release schedules for server operating systems; the server counterpart of Windows XP,
1524:: the "Home" edition was targeted towards consumers, while the "Professional" edition was targeted towards business environments and
6997:
6968:
5939:
3153:
7989:
7912:
7258:
7159:
6355:
1956:
Interface languages for the operating system are free for download, but some languages are limited to certain editions of Windows.
1605:, such as drop of performance, longer boot time, criticism of new UAC, and stricter license agreement. Vista's server counterpart,
5993:
4619:
3633:
In July 2024, Microsoft signalled an intention to limit kernel access and improve overall security, following a highly publicised
2085:, and while ARM is still used for Windows smartphones with Windows 10, tablets with Windows RT will not be updated. Starting from
10375:
9269:
9012:
5497:
4797:
3670:
for another operating system, or as a standalone system that can run software written for Windows out of the box. These include:
1590:
992:
The early versions of Windows are often thought of as graphical shells, mostly because they ran on top of MS-DOS and used it for
931:
573:
7037:
6172:. The version found here has been updated with corrections and additions from hundreds of contributors. (2nd ed.). Apress.
4950:
4379:
1182:. Mainstream support for Windows 95 ended on December 31, 2000, and extended support for Windows 95 ended on December 31, 2001.
7878:
7873:
7853:
7462:
7216:
4919:
4830:
4645:
3210:
3141:
3115:
1221:(a series of enhancements to the Explorer shell which was also made available for Windows 95). In May 1999, Microsoft released
3456:
series offered the option of having profiles for multiple users with separate profiles and home folders, it had no concept of
3147:
1986:
also includes a counterpart settings page for this. Changing the interface language also changes the language of preinstalled
11900:
11871:
11409:
9788:
8836:
7868:
7863:
6177:
4896:
4597:
4571:
1462:, a successor to NT 4.0. The Windows NT name was dropped at this point in order to put a greater focus on the Windows brand.
230:
207:
183:
159:
11068:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
2027:, the OS treated them as 32-bit). Windows 2000 dropped support for all platforms, except the third generation x86 (known as
127:
12121:
12111:
11538:
9811:
9290:
8334:
8018:
7243:
7150:
6582:
6285:
5767:
3538:
to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare, such as the ability to compromise operating systems such as Windows.
1049:) that allow Windows to share arbitrary devices between multi-tasked DOS applications. Windows 3.0 applications can run in
6417:
5962:
5373:
1142:
of up to 255 characters, and provided increased stability over its predecessors. Windows 95 also introduced a redesigned,
10788:
10428:
9847:
9453:
8367:
8324:
7549:
7524:
7389:
7180:
6676:
6647:
5744:
3132:
2721:
2063:
5917:
875:'s operating system, but achieved little popularity. Windows 1.0 is not a complete operating system; rather, it extends
12116:
10960:
10869:
10385:
10017:
9007:
7979:
7248:
3618:
Windows integrates the Windows Defender antivirus, which is seen as one of the best available. Windows also implements
1890:
In July 2021, Microsoft announced it will start selling subscriptions to virtualized Windows desktops as part of a new
820:
4050:
3120:
3112:
3111:
3109:
1585:
was released on November 30, 2006, for volume licensing and January 30, 2007, for consumers. It contained a number of
9262:
8541:
7900:
7885:
7253:
7209:
6240:
4744:
4688:
3932:
3242:
814:
4459:
3697:. Wine developers refer to it as a "compatibility layer" and use Windows-style APIs to emulate Windows environment.
1953:
and Microsoft Japanese IME) bundled, but files for East Asian languages may be manually installed on Control Panel.
11675:
11619:
9319:
9311:
8524:
3224:
3180:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3156:
3110:
526:
6869:"Vault 7: Wikileaks reveals details of CIA's hacks of Android, iPhone Windows, Linux, MacOS, and even Samsung TVs"
6165:
4125:
3184:
3150:
3108:
3107:
11594:
11564:
10708:
10651:
10613:
10598:
9494:
9149:
7394:
4866:
4534:"Microsoft Internet Explorer Web Browser Available on All Major Platforms, Offers Broadest International Support"
4437:
4256:
3519:
2086:
1791:
system, and the ability to run Windows Store apps within windows on the desktop rather than in full-screen mode.
1080:
on March 1, 1992, featured a facelift. In August 1993, Windows for Workgroups, a special version with integrated
1064:
6934:
6525:
5895:
5839:
3203:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3116:
1645:
1126:, was released on August 24, 1995. While still remaining MS-DOS-based, Windows 95 introduced support for native
11787:
11685:
11454:
11036:
10563:
9226:
8831:
8821:
8291:
7265:
3086:
1649:
1244:, had faster boot times than previous versions (which however, required the removal of the ability to access a
272:
9211:
5340:
4766:
12101:
12065:
11614:
11599:
10578:
9276:
9196:
9045:
8804:
8271:
7890:
7823:
5281:
3146:
3138:
1586:
1333:
1093:
804:
to suit their needs. The final version was Windows Embedded Compact 2013, and it is succeeded by Windows IoT.
533:. However, Windows is not the most used operating system when including both mobile and desktop OSes, due to
6100:
12096:
11660:
11645:
11604:
11419:
11288:
10975:
10965:
10839:
10743:
10603:
9960:
9915:
9028:
8530:
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4511:
3457:
3235:
1578:
1077:
1544:
functionality, and remote controls), and the "Tablet PC" edition (designed for mobile devices meeting its
657:. Unlike its client sibling, it has adopted a strong naming scheme. The main competitor of this family is
12106:
11826:
11773:
11527:
10895:
10854:
10753:
10608:
10405:
10120:
10070:
8916:
8209:
7613:
7138:
6836:
6746:
6070:
4024:
3645:
All Windows versions from Windows NT 3 have been based on a file system permission system referred to as
3535:
2234:
1939:
1632:
compatible with applications and hardware with which Windows Vista was already compatible. Windows 7 has
135:
109:
7126:
6739:"20 Years After Bill Gates' Trustworthy Computing Memo, Cybersecurity Issues Are An Even Harder Problem"
4316:
3588:
1260:
framework for retrieving images from scanners and digital cameras), additional system utilities such as
12086:
11841:
11680:
11557:
11117:
10997:
10703:
10202:
9842:
9835:
9830:
9393:
9236:
8696:
7999:
7934:
7905:
7895:
7843:
7838:
7818:
7597:
6481:
5706:
2188:
2139:
1602:
1005:
749:
633:
534:
11876:
11695:
11655:
11650:
11609:
11449:
11414:
10844:
10834:
10773:
10683:
10573:
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10192:
9890:
9297:
9156:
8736:
8286:
8219:
8105:
7961:
7946:
7833:
7828:
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7763:
7618:
7554:
7164:
3634:
3493:
architectural flaws, combined with Windows's very high popularity, made Windows a frequent target of
3079:
2686:
1930:
Microsoft announced Windows 365 availability to business and enterprise customers on August 2, 2021.
1713:
1514:
1389:
1257:
1222:
354:
76:
7085:
5530:
1194:
11919:
11806:
11670:
10814:
10758:
10738:
10583:
10352:
10237:
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9700:
9580:
9065:
8741:
8301:
8276:
8250:
8214:
7719:
7577:
7479:
6255:
4160:
1174:. The first OSR of Windows 95 was also the first version of Windows to be bundled with Microsoft's
1054:
789:
519:
504:
461:
372:
80:
24:
6699:
6008:
5038:
4187:
4150:
859:
underlying software was called "windowing software." It was announced in November 1983 (after the
11665:
11399:
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11238:
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11193:
11153:
11103:
10849:
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6514:"Transcript: Chat with Ed Bott and Carl Siechert, Co-Authors of Microsoft Windows XP Inside Out"
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2059:; Windows Server 2008 R2 is the last Windows operating system to support Itanium architecture.
1983:
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In February 2017, Microsoft announced the migration of its Windows source code repository from
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and support for multiple processor architectures. However, following the successful release of
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5862:"Xbox One: Hardware and software specs detailed and analyzed – Three operating systems in one"
1744:, was released on October 17, 2013, and includes features such as new live tile sizes, deeper
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at Carnegie Mellon University, but without meeting all of the criteria of a pure microkernel.
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account; the user, and any program the user launched, had full access to the machine. Though
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2031:) or newer in 32-bit mode. The client line of the Windows NT family still ran on IA-32 up to
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known as Win32 instead of those of OS/2. Win32 maintained a similar structure to the Windows
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1563:, was released in April 2003. It was followed in December 2005, by Windows Server 2003 R2.
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1910:. The new service is an attempt at capitalizing on the growing trend, fostered during the
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and in May 2017 they reported that the migration into a new Git repository was complete.
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along with Sega's own proprietary OS for the console. Windows CE was the core from which
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
643:
Of note: 'Windows' refers to both the overall product line and to this sub-family of it.
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5181:"Microsoft talks Windows Store features, Metro app sandboxing for Windows 8 developers"
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3703:– a Wine package with licensed fonts. Its developers are regular contributors to Wine.
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was released in September 1994, focusing on performance improvements and support for
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5623:"Microsoft Aims to Put Windows in Hands of Apple, Android Users Through Hybrid Work"
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724:, which was widely regarded as one of the worst operating systems of all time, with
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8153:
7061:"Microsoft starts campaign to make Windows security more like Mac post-CrowdStrike"
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5558:"Microsoft's Windows 365 Cloud PCs get more flexible, LG TV integration, and more"
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3685:, allowing one to run many Windows applications on x86-based platforms, including
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2046:), Microsoft released new versions of Windows to support it. Itanium versions of
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In November 1988, a new development team within Microsoft (which included former
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5310:"Windows switch to Git almost complete: 8,500 commits and 1,760 builds each day"
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3709:– A fork of Wine by Valve to run Windows games on Linux and other Unix-like OS.
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2008:
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The first version of Windows was released on November 20, 1985, as a graphical
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6135:"Microsoft hosts the Windows source in a monstrous 300 GB Git repository"
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5097:"Here's Everything You Wanted To Know About Microsoft's Upcoming iPad Killers"
3553:, that potentially affects older unpatched Windows versions via the program's
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712:: Intended for the consumer market only. The first version of this family was
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5319:
5012:"New Windows 8 hardware specs hint at 7-inch tablets and a Microsoft Reader"
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and all recent versions) as well. In addition, experts reported a Microsoft
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DOS environment, removing compatibility with some older programs), expanded
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6356:"Desktop Windows Version Market Share Worldwide | StatCounter Global Stats"
6166:"2.1 Git Basics – Getting a Git Repository: Cloning an Existing Repository"
6040:"Visual Studio 2013 Preview: Git version control and Team Foundation Build"
5314:
2615:
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2183:) as it is three operating systems running at once, consisting of the core
2171:
Xbox OS is an unofficial name given to the version of Windows that runs on
1459:
1372:, the NT development team decided to rework the project to use an extended
1324:
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919:. Windows 1.0 does not allow overlapping windows. Instead, all windows are
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onwards it is an implementation with an emphasis on virtualization (using
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operating system known as "NT OS/2". NT OS/2 was intended to be a secure,
697:. Like Windows Server, the main competitor of this family is Linux. (c.f.
525:
Windows is the most popular desktop operating system in the world, with a
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5799:"Windows 10 on Arm: What you need to know before you buy a Surface Pro X"
5498:"Microsoft announces Windows 11, with a new design, Start menu, and more"
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to the platform), but also supported the capabilities of the existing NT
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6810:"Windows Vista for Developers – Part 4 – User Account Control"
6648:"Windows intentionally weak on worms, viruses - The Arizona State Press"
5436:"Windows 10 is finished — Microsoft confirms 'version 22H2' is the last"
1446:
in May 1995, which included additional improvements and support for the
1165:. Windows 95 was a major commercial success for Microsoft; Ina Fried of
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4313:"Apple Computer, Inc. v. MicroSoft Corp., 35 F.3d 1435 (9th Cir. 1994)"
3816:"Announcing Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 22635.4145 (Beta Channel)"
3600:
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3518:. When logging in as a standard user, a logon session is created and a
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ITPro Today: IT News, How-Tos, Trends, Case Studies, Career Tips, More
3834:"Announcing Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 26120.1542 (Dev Channel)"
3776:"Releasing Windows 11 Build 26100.1586 to the Release Preview Channel"
871:
was not released until November 1985. Windows 1.0 was to compete with
673:: A lightweight version of its Windows sibling, meant to operate as a
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5591:"Microsoft brings Windows to the cloud with Windows 365 and Cloud PC"
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labeling it as "Mistake Edition" and placing it 4th in their list of
468:
335:
58:
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9206:
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7201:
6935:"20-Year-Old Bug in Legacy Microsoft Code Plagues All Windows Users"
6902:"DejaBlue: New BlueKeep-Style Bugs Renew The Risk Of A Windows worm"
5940:"New Xbox One Update Will Make Some Functionality 50 Percent Faster"
3852:"Announcing Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 27695 (Canary Channel)"
3754:"September 10, 2024—KB5043076 (OS Builds 22621.4169 and 22631.4169)"
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6969:"Microsoft's Security Response Center: How Little Patches Are Made"
4711:"Windows Server 2003: The Road To Gold – Part One: The Early Years"
4155:
3563:
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3484:, the default user account created during the setup process was an
2176:
2035:(the server line of the Windows NT family still ran on IA-32 up to
1827:
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was released in June 1996, introducing the redesigned interface of
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888:
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These top-level Windows families are no longer actively developed:
5963:"Xbox One dashboard update includes a huge new design and Cortana"
5888:"How to use the Offline System Update Diagnostic Tool on Xbox One"
796:
operating system optimized for low power and memory systems, with
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6207:"Frequently Asked Questions: Why are you abandoning VFS for Git?"
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2012:
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have been subject to some criticism, such as the removal of the
699:
Usage share of operating systems § Market share by category
663:
Usage share of operating systems § Market share by category
638:
Usage share of operating systems § Market share by category
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4482:"Microsoft Windows Simplified Chinese 3.2 Upgrade Is Available"
4460:"Microsoft Windows Simplified Chinese 3.2 Upgrade Is Available"
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service in the following month. The new service will allow for
1553:
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962:
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products. These products are generally categorized as follows:
770:: Sold only to smartphone manufacturers. The first version was
739:
629:
515:
386:
318:
20:
7135:
6837:"How the CIA Can Hack Your Phone, PC, and TV (Says WikiLeaks)"
6738:
6418:"Desktop Operating System Market Share Worldwide: August 2021"
6336:"Desktop Windows Version Market Share Worldwide (August 2024)"
5666:"Apple's Fight for Control Over Apps Moves to Congress and EU"
5368:
5366:
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service for software distribution, and a new variant known as
792:: Most commonly known by its former name, Windows CE, it is a
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8132:
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6841:
5832:"The Xbox One – Mini Review & Comparison to Xbox 360/PS4"
5803:
5768:"Microsoft announces the general availability of Windows 365"
5707:"Microsoft unveils Windows 365, a Windows 10 PC in the cloud"
4835:
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3899:
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3690:
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2089:(version 1709) and later includes support for ARM-based PCs.
2043:
2028:
1999:
Windows NT included support for several platforms before the
1513:
with software designed for previous versions of Windows, and
1395:
Windows NT was the first Windows operating system based on a
1357:
658:
625:
617:
390:
326:
314:
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3994:"App packages and deployment (Windows Store apps) (Windows)"
3964:"How to Install MSIXBundle on Windows 10/11? 2 Ways to Try!"
1589:, from a redesigned shell and user interface to significant
829:
collectively describes any or all of several generations of
10992:
10666:
10485:
10448:
9742:
8826:
8686:
8127:
6009:"The history of change-packing tools at Microsoft (so far)"
5363:
4257:"A legacy of Windows, part 1: Windows 1-2-3 – TechRepublic"
3686:
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to the NT series. On February 17, 2000, Microsoft released
1349:
1166:
1041:, released in 1990, improved the design, mostly because of
300:
4982:"How Libraries & HomeGroup Work Together in Windows 7"
4082:"Microsoft gets real, admits its device share is just 14%"
3871:"FAQ about the Windows Installer .msp files - Dynamics GP"
2277:
2157:, modular editions of Windows based on Windows NT kernel.
1209:
configurations. Windows 98 also included integration with
19:"Windows" redirects here. For the part of a building, see
12023:
10910:
8945:
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6770:"Windows Vista Security and Data Protection Improvements"
6673:"Telephones and Internet Users by Country, 1990 and 2005"
4091:
3382:
2265:
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2213:
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2070:(or simply x64), the 64-bit version of x86 architecture.
2042:
With the introduction of the Intel Itanium architecture (
2000:
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1046:
797:
686:
331:
3440:
Early versions of Windows were designed at a time where
1225:, an updated version of Windows 98. Windows 98 SE added
3930:
1422:) was released in July 1993, with versions for desktop
748:: The predecessor to Windows Phone, a mobile phone and
6482:"Operating System Market Share Worldwide: August 2021"
5218:"Build: More Details On Building Windows 8 Metro Apps"
3630:
disk encryption, a firewall, and Windows SmartScreen.
2212:
In 2017 Microsoft announced that it would start using
2146:
however, is based on the same NT-kernel as Windows 8.
568:
or later (and exceptionally with paid support down to
434:
7116:
5155:"Building Windows for the ARM processor architecture"
4620:"Improving "Cold Boot" Time for System Manufacturers"
1414:
The first release of the resulting operating system,
1384:(allowing existing Windows applications to easily be
1122:
The next major consumer-oriented release of Windows,
879:. The shell of Windows 1.0 is a program known as the
7030:"Test antivirus software for Windows 10 – June 2022"
6386:"Desktop Operating system market share: August 2021"
4831:"Your top Windows XP questions answered! (Part One)"
3794:"September 10, 2024—KB5043080 (OS Build 26100.1742)"
3603:
versions; a patch to correct the flaw is available.
3268:
As a percentage of desktop and laptop systems using
2780:
2672:
2491:
2351:
2149:
Windows Embedded Compact is not to be confused with
1068:
Versions before Windows 95 had to be installed from
945:
Windows 2.1 was released in two different versions:
6998:"Windows XP SP2 Distribution Surpasses 100 Million"
5854:
3541:In August 2019, computer experts reported that the
3392:Those statistics do not include servers (including
2216:, an open source version control system created by
1497:), streamlined multimedia and networking features,
604:Windows (unqualified): For a consumer or corporate
540:As of today, the most recent version of Windows is
8591:Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft
8040:
5664:
5621:
4676:
4331:
3366:has exceeded Windows 7 globally since early 2018.
3349:
3339:
969:. Windows/286, in spite of its name, runs on both
560:for servers. Still supported are some editions of
537:'s massive growth globally since the early 2010s.
5986:"Xbox 360 and Xbox Games Backwards Compatibility"
5525:
5523:
5039:"How to Take Screenshots in Windows 10, 8, and 7"
4948:
4508:"Windows 95 turns 15: Has Microsoft's OS peaked?"
4051:"Desktop Operating System Market Share Worldwide"
1807:devices from the Get Windows 10 Application (for
1795:is said to be available to update from qualified
1708:Other changes include increased integration with
1298:Early versions (Windows NT 3.1/3.5/3.51/4.0/2000)
1252:functionality (including Windows Media Player 7,
584:As of today, the only active top-level family is
12078:
9810:
7052:
6324:. Are laptops included in the desktop platform?.
5396:
5057:
5004:
4510:. CNET/CNN Tech. August 25, 2010. Archived from
4434:"Windows 3.1 Standard Edition Support Lifecycle"
3610:service approximately once a month (usually the
3606:Microsoft releases security patches through its
3561:, may include related flaws, collectively named
2066:and Windows Server 2003 x64 editions to support
2023:R4000 (although some of the platforms implement
720:. The last version of the Windows 9x family was
5173:
5147:
5121:
4594:"Windows 98 Standard Edition Support Lifecycle"
3514:introduced a privilege elevation system called
3369:For desktop and laptop computers, according to
3329:
3319:
3309:
3299:
3218:
1520:At retail, Windows XP was marketed in two main
1399:. The hybrid kernel was designed as a modified
1185:Windows 95 was followed up with the release of
1096:in basic output and some translated utilities.
752:operating system. The first version was called
653:: For a server computer. The latest version is
146:24H2 (10.0.26100.1742) (September 10, 2024
114:23H2 (10.0.22631.4169) (September 10, 2024
6893:
6577:
5520:
5374:"Window 10 Enterprise and Education Lifecycle"
4798:"The 10 top things you MUST know about Win XP"
4704:
4702:
4700:
3661:
3637:that caused 8.5 million Windows PCs to crash.
1693:and all-in-one PCs. These changes include the
932:Apple Computer filing a suit against Microsoft
11565:
9796:
8361:
8026:
7217:
6926:
6611:
4828:
4795:
4729:
4622:. Microsoft. December 4, 2001. Archived from
4484:. Microsoft. October 30, 2003. Archived from
3869:Su, Christy; Xu, Simonx (November 25, 2021).
3530:Leaked documents from 2013 to 2016 codenamed
3289:
3243:
3087:
2360:
2270:
6963:
6450:"Operating system market share: August 2021"
6286:"Windows 11 Home and Pro Product Life Cycle"
6163:
5829:
5209:
4338:Patton, Carole; Mace, Scott (July 4, 1988).
4114:"RTOS: Embedded Real Time Operating Systems"
3037:
2357:
2354:
2081:was specifically created for computers with
734:in 2006. All versions of this family have a
194:24H2 (10.0.26120.1542) (August 19, 2024
170:23H2 (10.0.22635.4145) (August 30, 2024
7058:
6801:
6546:
5131:. Microsoft. April 16, 2012. Archived from
5088:
4949:Kiriaty, Yochay; Goldshtein, Sasha (2009).
4893:"Windows XP Professional Lifecycle Support"
4697:
4243:Microsoft C 5.0: C Language Reference Guide
4145:
4143:
2007:became dominant in the professional world.
1782:On September 30, 2014, Microsoft announced
965:to emulate expanded memory using available
11572:
11558:
11533:
9803:
9789:
8368:
8354:
8320:
8033:
8019:
7985:
7975:
7224:
7210:
6995:
6807:
6605:
5960:
5918:"Xbox One Is "Literally a Windows Device""
5531:"Windows 11 Specs and System Requirements"
5303:
5301:
5299:
4646:"Windows Millennium Edition: All About Me"
4398:"Chronology of Personal Computer Software"
4337:
4025:"The Unusual History of Microsoft Windows"
3567:, affecting newer Windows versions (i.e.,
3250:
3236:
3094:
3080:
2240:In 2021 the VFS for Git was superseded by
1236:On September 14, 2000, Microsoft released
961:to multitask several DOS programs and the
440:
8375:
6899:
6834:
4767:"Windows XP Program Compatibility Wizard"
4612:
4372:
2237:(VFSForGit) to address these challenges.
2200:Up to and including every version before
2195:
2111:), is an edition of Windows that runs on
12127:1985 establishments in the United States
9339:
6767:
6077:. Microsoft Developer Blogs (DevBlogs).
6046:. Microsoft Developer Blogs (DevBlogs).
6015:. Microsoft Developer Blogs (DevBlogs).
5996:from the original on September 28, 2015.
4708:
4668:
4348:. Vol. 10, no. 27. p. 1.
4151:"The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time"
4140:
3034:
3008:
2986:
2964:
2936:
2912:
2893:
2866:
2842:
2753:
2731:
2712:
2650:
2628:
2603:
2572:
2464:
2282:
1840:
1773:
1669:
1475:
1323:
1063:
1029:
7040:from the original on September 29, 2022
6749:from the original on September 29, 2022
6718:from the original on September 29, 2022
6559:from the original on September 29, 2022
6266:from the original on September 26, 2021
6256:"What was the code name for Windows 7?"
5983:
5928:from the original on December 27, 2015.
5662:
5296:
5197:from the original on September 10, 2012
4979:
4526:
4340:"Windows Gets More Memory With Upgrade"
4185:
3912:from the original on September 25, 2023
2247:
1933:
1748:integration, and many other revisions.
1189:on June 25, 1998, which introduced the
1146:user interface, replacing the previous
518:in response to the growing interest in
12079:
6494:from the original on February 15, 2020
6462:from the original on September 8, 2021
6398:from the original on September 8, 2021
6243:from the original on October 11, 2008.
6204:
6186:from the original on September 1, 2023
6145:from the original on December 26, 2017
6132:
6081:from the original on September 3, 2023
6050:from the original on September 3, 2023
5950:from the original on February 2, 2016.
5619:
5570:from the original on September 3, 2023
5555:
5495:
5477:from the original on February 18, 2023
5467:"Windows 11 release date is October 5"
5446:from the original on September 3, 2023
5433:
5415:from the original on September 3, 2023
5402:
5307:
5278:"Announcing Windows 10 – Windows Blog"
4920:"Windows 7 Unveiled Today at PDC 2008"
4899:from the original on February 27, 2013
4777:from the original on November 13, 2021
4674:
4638:
4600:from the original on November 22, 2012
4574:from the original on November 22, 2012
4098:from the original on August 21, 2016.
4079:
4022:
2062:On April 25, 2005, Microsoft released
1484:The next major version of Windows NT,
1344:) began work on a revamped version of
11579:
11553:
11410:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
9784:
8349:
8014:
7231:
7205:
7178:Microsoft Business Software Solutions
6932:
6786:from the original on October 20, 2021
6628:from the original on February 5, 2012
6430:from the original on January 27, 2020
6128:
6126:
6068:
6037:
5588:
5018:from the original on December 4, 2014
4992:from the original on November 2, 2008
4980:LeBlanc, Brandon (October 28, 2008).
4930:from the original on November 1, 2008
4871:Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows
4548:from the original on January 15, 2008
4287:"The Apple vs. Microsoft GUI Lawsuit"
4061:from the original on January 27, 2020
3589:Microsoft CTF and ctfmon (ctfmon.exe)
2309:
1045:and loadable virtual device drivers (
217:10.0.27695.1000 (August 30, 2024
7174: – History of Microsoft Windows
6547:Russinovich, Mark (April 30, 1998).
6253:
6111:from the original on October 6, 2021
6101:"The largest Git repo on the planet"
6006:
5796:
5765:
5280:. September 30, 2014. Archived from
5076:from the original on January 7, 2023
5036:
4961:from the original on August 21, 2021
4917:
4360:from the original on January 9, 2024
4245:. Microsoft. 1987. pp. 250–267.
4167:from the original on January 7, 2023
3974:from the original on August 21, 2023
3961:
3943:from the original on October 4, 2023
3868:
3403:
2134:, was based on components from both
1732:for use on devices that utilize the
1712:and other online platforms (such as
1655:
1292:
529:as of March 2023, according to
10539:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
7059:Christoffel, Ryan (July 26, 2024).
6945:from the original on April 17, 2021
6914:from the original on April 13, 2021
6900:Greenberg, Andy (August 13, 2019).
6881:from the original on April 12, 2019
6849:from the original on March 20, 2019
6700:"Bill Gates: Trustworthy Computing"
6587:Counterpane Internet Security, Inc.
6524:. November 21, 2001. Archived from
6366:from the original on April 20, 2019
6296:from the original on March 21, 2023
6164:Chacon, Scott; Straub, Ben (2014).
6071:"Scaling Git (and some back story)"
5778:from the original on August 2, 2021
5129:"Announcing the Windows 8 Editions"
5045:from the original on March 19, 2022
4709:Thurrott, Paul (January 24, 2003).
4267:from the original on March 27, 2017
4031:from the original on March 14, 2020
4004:from the original on March 30, 2014
3640:
2064:Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
1994:
1914:, for businesses to adopt a hybrid
685:(previously Windows Embedded): For
13:
10870:User Interface Privilege Isolation
7160:Microsoft Windows History Timeline
6736:
6133:Bright, Peter (February 6, 2017).
6123:
6007:Chen, Raymond (January 22, 2018).
5973:from the original on July 8, 2017.
5747:from the original on July 28, 2021
5737:"Windows 365 Cloud PC | Microsoft"
5717:from the original on July 28, 2021
5687:from the original on July 28, 2021
5644:from the original on July 28, 2021
5601:from the original on July 28, 2021
5508:from the original on June 24, 2021
5351:from the original on June 10, 2021
5341:"Window 10 Home and Pro Lifecycle"
5326:from the original on May 24, 2017.
5215:
5094:
4796:David Coursey (October 25, 2001).
4293:from the original on March 4, 2008
4186:Edwards, Benj (February 7, 2022).
4043:
3557:, allowing for the possibility of
2993:Old version, yet still maintained:
2971:Old version, yet still maintained:
2949:Old version, yet still maintained:
2919:Old version, yet still maintained:
2903:Old version, no longer maintained:
2878:Old version, no longer maintained:
2857:Old version, no longer maintained:
2827:Old version, no longer maintained:
2814:Old version, no longer maintained:
2787:Old version, no longer maintained:
2768:Old version, no longer maintained:
2738:Old version, no longer maintained:
2719:Old version, no longer maintained:
2703:Old version, no longer maintained:
2684:Old version, no longer maintained:
2657:Old version, no longer maintained:
2635:Old version, no longer maintained:
2613:Old version, no longer maintained:
2588:Old version, no longer maintained:
2557:Old version, no longer maintained:
2529:Old version, no longer maintained:
2504:Old version, no longer maintained:
2476:Old version, no longer maintained:
2449:Old version, no longer maintained:
2424:Old version, no longer maintained:
2405:Old version, no longer maintained:
2386:Old version, no longer maintained:
2367:Old version, no longer maintained:
2336:Old version, no longer maintained:
1736:, and a new keyboard shortcut for
1597:. It was available in a number of
1532:, with an emphasis on support for
821:List of Microsoft Windows versions
808:
14:
12138:
7108:
7010:from the original on May 27, 2010
6835:Greenberg, Andy (March 7, 2017).
6808:Kenny Kerr (September 29, 2006).
6697:
6679:from the original on May 22, 2009
6069:Harry, Brian (February 3, 2017).
6019:from the original on May 25, 2022
5811:from the original on July 1, 2021
5537:from the original on May 31, 2022
5384:from the original on July 1, 2021
4829:David Coursey (August 31, 2001).
4382:. Soft32.com News. Archived from
3881:from the original on July 8, 2023
2077:An edition of Windows 8 known as
1740:. An update to Windows 8, called
839:
815:Microsoft Windows version history
693:computers. The latest version is
556:Enterprise for corporations, and
11676:Object-oriented operating system
11532:
11522:
11521:
9765:
9764:
8330:
8329:
8319:
7995:
7994:
7984:
7974:
7078:
7022:
6989:
6957:
6861:
6828:
6761:
6730:
6691:
6665:
6640:
6612:Andy Patrizio (April 27, 2006).
6217:from the original on May 1, 2023
6205:Stolee, Derrick (May 28, 2020).
5589:Foley, Mary Jo (July 14, 2021).
5403:Leznek, Jason (April 27, 2023).
5063:
4188:"Why Is Windows Called Windows?"
4023:Bellis, Mary (October 4, 2019).
3408:
3258:
3225:Usage share of operating systems
3202:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3005:
2983:
2961:
2839:
2728:
2696:
2625:
2516:
2461:
2436:
2417:
2398:
2379:
2107:Windows CE (officially known as
1652:, and performance improvements.
1566:
867:) under the name "Windows", but
41:
10599:Remote Differential Compression
9495:High Heat Major League Baseball
6996:John Foley (October 20, 2004).
6933:Seals, Tara (August 14, 2019).
6768:Northrup, Tony (June 1, 2005).
6675:. Information Please Database.
6571:
6540:
6506:
6474:
6442:
6410:
6378:
6348:
6328:
6308:
6278:
6254:Chen, Raymond (July 22, 2019).
6247:
6229:
6198:
6157:
6093:
6062:
6031:
6000:
5977:
5954:
5932:
5910:
5880:
5823:
5790:
5759:
5729:
5699:
5656:
5620:Tilley, Aaron (July 14, 2021).
5613:
5582:
5549:
5489:
5464:
5458:
5434:Bowden, Zack (April 27, 2023).
5427:
5405:"Windows client roadmap update"
5270:
5240:
5030:
4973:
4942:
4918:Nash, Mike (October 28, 2008).
4911:
4885:
4859:
4822:
4789:
4759:
4500:
4474:
4452:
4426:
4408:
4390:
4305:
4279:
4249:
4235:
4205:
4179:
4106:
4080:Keizer, Gregg (July 14, 2014).
4073:
4016:
3986:
3955:
3534:detail the capabilities of the
2087:Windows 10 Fall Creators Update
2011:and its predecessors supported
1902:will be accessible through any
1501:, integration with Microsoft's
579:
11686:Supercomputer operating system
11455:Windows System Assessment Tool
9150:Where do you want to go today?
8041:Operating systems by Microsoft
7190:Windows 10 release Information
5663:Higgins, Tim (June 23, 2021).
5308:Bright, Peter (May 24, 2017).
4867:"A Look at Freestyle and Mira"
4568:"Windows 95 Support Lifecycle"
3924:
3893:
3862:
3844:
3826:
3808:
3786:
3768:
3746:
1868:
1015:
273:Windows Server Update Services
1:
9197:Bundling of Microsoft Windows
6549:"Windows NT Security, Part 1"
6237:"Microsoft Support Lifecycle"
6038:Lewis, Andy (June 26, 2013).
5864:. ExtremeTech. Archived from
5766:Hill, Paul (August 2, 2021).
5556:Warren, Tom (April 6, 2023).
5496:Warren, Tom (June 24, 2021).
4544:: Microsoft. April 30, 1996.
3933:"How to bundle MSIX packages"
3739:
3075:Timeline of Windows versions
2266:Old version, still maintained
2092:
1849:
1763:
1593:, with a particular focus on
1465:
1360:compatibility and a modular,
1334:Digital Equipment Corporation
1281:
1099:
1094:Simplified Chinese characters
1034:Windows 3.0, released in 1990
11661:Just enough operating system
11646:Distributed operating system
10744:Open XML Paper Specification
10604:Remote Installation Services
9812:Microsoft Windows components
7088:. Winehq.org. Archived from
6316:"Frequently Asked Questions"
6194:– via the Git Project.
5961:Tom Warren (June 16, 2015).
5797:Bott, Ed (October 7, 2019).
5248:"Windows 8.1 now available!"
5066:"Test Driving Windows 8 RTM"
4683:. Redmond: Microsoft Press.
3219:Usage share and device sales
2223:
2130:was derived. Its successor,
1964:service (except Windows 8).
1705:with 800×600-pixel screens.
1612:
1609:was released in early 2008.
1418:(named to associate it with
7:
12122:Products introduced in 1985
12112:Microsoft operating systems
11774:User space and kernel space
10896:Windows Subsystem for Linux
10855:Mandatory Integrity Control
10609:Windows Deployment Services
10406:Wireless Zero Configuration
9263:Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft
8210:Windows Embedded Automotive
8106:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1
7550:Preinstallation Environment
7525:Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
7165:Pearson Education, InformIT
7136:Microsoft Developer Network
6614:"Linux Malware On The Rise"
5894:. Microsoft. Archived from
5157:. Microsoft. Archived from
4873:. Penton. September 3, 2002
4466:. Microsoft. Archived from
3725:
3662:Alternative implementations
3399:
2261:Old version, not maintained
2235:Virtual File System for Git
2122:Windows CE was used in the
1940:Multilingual User Interface
1845:Windows logo (2021–present)
628:for personal computers and
616:. Its main competitors are
574:Windows Embedded POSReady 7
491:. Defunct families include
10:
12143:
11681:Real-time operating system
10998:Universal Windows Platform
10704:Kernel Transaction Manager
10689:Hardware Abstraction Layer
10386:Multimedia Class Scheduler
9561:Nokia Devices and Services
9454:Fast Search & Transfer
9394:The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks
9320:Microsoft v. United States
9312:United States v. Microsoft
8827:C/AL a.k.a Navision Attain
7153:December 16, 2016, at the
5037:Paul, Ian (July 5, 2021).
3222:
2291:Table of Windows versions
2164:
2160:
2096:
1937:
1878:
1872:
1853:
1767:
1659:
1616:
1601:, and has been subject to
1570:
1469:
1301:
1285:
1103:
1019:
843:
818:
812:
467:developed and marketed by
18:
16:Computer operating systems
12117:Operating system families
12016:
11953:
11899:
11877:Multilevel feedback queue
11872:Fixed-priority preemptive
11860:
11795:
11786:
11756:
11703:
11694:
11656:Hobbyist operating system
11651:Embedded operating system
11633:
11587:
11517:
11477:
11450:Windows Services for UNIX
11372:
11141:
11060:
11053:
11026:
10909:
10883:
10835:Data Execution Prevention
10807:
10684:Graphics Device Interface
10632:
10574:Network Access Protection
10499:
10414:
10361:
10261:
10193:Remote Desktop Connection
10026:
9856:
9818:
9760:
9330:
9298:Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft
9252:
9187:
9141:
9106:
9021:
8980:
8973:
8884:
8785:
8695:
8615:
8608:
8583:
8556:
8491:
8429:
8408:
8401:
8383:
8315:
8259:
8233:
8220:Windows Embedded Industry
8187:
8141:
8046:
7970:
7962:Windows Server Essentials
7947:Windows for Pen Computing
7753:
7712:
7679:
7631:
7606:
7576:
7563:
7542:
7515:
7434:
7350:
7341:
7313:
7274:
7239:
7183:December 5, 2019, at the
7129:January 15, 2017, at the
3626:, ransomware protection,
3417:This section needs to be
2942:
2939:
2896:
2887:
2884:
2869:
2850:
2836:
2833:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2761:
2756:
2744:
2693:
2690:
2687:Windows XP 64-bit Edition
2675:
2606:
2575:
2312:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2290:
1442:, and was followed up by
1258:Windows Image Acquisition
1223:Windows 98 Second Edition
1217:and other aspects of the
695:Windows 11 IoT Enterprise
520:graphical user interfaces
429:
414:
400:
353:
310:
282:
255:
245:
237:
134:
108:
90:
64:
52:
40:
11920:General protection fault
11671:Network operating system
11625:User features comparison
10815:Security and Maintenance
10759:Security Account Manager
10353:Windows XP visual styles
9323:(2018 data privacy case)
8215:Windows Embedded Compact
7148:Windows Developer Center
7141:January 7, 2009, at the
6583:"Crypto-Gram Newsletter"
6360:StatCounter Global Stats
4951:"Windows 7 Taskbar APIs"
4055:StatCounter Global Stats
3599:to the then most recent
3545:security vulnerability,
3276:data as of August 2024:
2109:Windows Embedded Compact
1958:Language Interface Packs
1879:Not to be confused with
1720:(formerly SkyDrive) and
1328:Windows logo (1995–2001)
1006:cooperative multitasking
1000:and providing their own
981:but can make use of the
790:Windows Embedded Compact
786:, which is also defunct.
716:, which was followed by
612:. The latest version is
505:Windows Embedded Compact
373:Windows Embedded Compact
81:Shared Source Initiative
25:Windows (disambiguation)
11666:Mobile operating system
11400:Media Control Interface
11234:Help and Support Center
10850:Kernel Patch Protection
10614:System Resource Manager
10594:Remote Desktop Services
10589:Print Services for UNIX
10371:Service Control Manager
9981:Windows Error Reporting
9901:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
9439:Double Fine Productions
9277:Microsoft v. Commission
6977:. Ziff Davis Enterprise
5672:The Wall Street Journal
5629:The Wall Street Journal
4986:Windows Experience Blog
4924:Windows Experience Blog
3962:Vera (June 26, 2023) .
3555:Remote Desktop Protocol
3213:The Windows family tree
3044:Current stable version:
3015:Current stable version:
2623:December 15, 1999
2155:Windows NT 4.0 Embedded
1685:with optimizations for
1511:backwards compatibility
1366:preemptive multitasking
1136:preemptive multitasking
1082:peer-to-peer networking
977:processors. It runs in
953:. Windows/386 uses the
305:Windows Package Manager
142:Release Preview Channel
47:Logo as of October 2021
11769:Loadable kernel module
11380:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
10956:COM Structured storage
10657:Desktop Window Manager
10549:Windows Media Services
9576:Obsidian Entertainment
9469:GIANT Company Software
8492:Senior leadership team
7170:June 28, 2021, at the
6292:. September 20, 2022.
4675:Custer, Helen (1993).
4213:"A history of Windows"
3681:implementation of the
3573:security vulnerability
2906:Windows Server 2012 R2
2817:Windows Server 2008 R2
2722:Windows XP x64 Edition
2278:Latest preview version
2206:Team Foundation Server
2196:Version control system
2113:minimalistic computers
1984:Windows Server 2012 R2
1846:
1779:
1778:Windows logo (2015–21)
1675:
1674:Windows logo (2012–15)
1636:support, a redesigned
1629:Windows Server 2008 R2
1481:
1480:Windows logo (2001–06)
1356:operating system with
1329:
1262:System File Protection
1219:Windows Desktop Update
1073:
1035:
998:executable file format
938:and could make use of
883:. Components included
782:. It was succeeded by
512:operating system shell
295:(.msix, .msixbundle),
96:; 38 years ago
94:November 20, 1985
23:. For other uses, see
11837:Process control block
11803:Computer multitasking
11641:Disk operating system
11008:Windows Mixed Reality
10679:Enhanced Write Filter
10529:Roaming user profiles
9571:Nuance Communications
9315:(2001 antitrust case)
9076:Outercurve Foundation
8513:Carolina Dybeck Happe
8377:Microsoft Corporation
7124:Official Windows Blog
6528:on September 18, 2004
5284:on September 10, 2015
4404:on February 11, 2012.
4000:. October 19, 2021 .
3559:remote code execution
1875:Azure Virtual Desktop
1844:
1777:
1683:Metro design language
1673:
1479:
1327:
1227:Internet Explorer 5.0
1195:USB composite devices
1067:
1033:
756:. The third version,
675:live operating system
588:. The first version,
219:; 20 days ago
196:; 31 days ago
172:; 20 days ago
12102:Microsoft franchises
12008:Virtual tape library
11600:Forensic engineering
11289:Mobile Device Center
11239:Health & Fitness
11037:Solitaire Collection
10865:User Account Control
10860:Protected Media Path
10764:Server Message Block
10714:Logical Disk Manager
9966:System Policy Editor
9951:System Configuration
9691:Vermeer Technologies
9626:Revolution Analytics
9536:Massive Incorporated
9506:inXile Entertainment
9291:Microsoft v. Lindows
8737:Open source software
8596:Microsoft and unions
8504:Takeshi Numoto (CMO)
8307:Xbox system software
7195:May 7, 2019, at the
5868:on November 16, 2013
5228:on February 17, 2012
5161:on November 26, 2012
4847:on December 19, 2007
4626:on February 13, 2010
4542:San Jose, California
4470:on November 8, 2006.
4386:on February 8, 2008.
4319:on December 14, 2007
4128:on December 15, 2014
3856:Windows Insider Blog
3838:Windows Insider Blog
3820:Windows Insider Blog
3780:Windows Insider Blog
3679:free and open-source
3516:User Account Control
3265:Version market share
2248:Timeline of releases
2167:Xbox system software
1951:Microsoft Pinyin IME
1947:Input Method Editors
1934:Multilingual support
1900:subscription service
1896:cross-platform usage
1716:and Microsoft's own
1403:, influenced by the
1231:Windows Media Player
1191:Windows Driver Model
148:; 9 days ago
116:; 9 days ago
12097:Computing platforms
12017:Supporting concepts
12003:Virtual file system
11435:Virtual DOS machine
10779:System Idle Process
10754:Resource Protection
10662:Portable Executable
10554:Active DRM Services
9956:System File Checker
9926:Performance Monitor
9681:Twisted Pixel Games
9666:Winternals Software
9362:Activision Blizzard
9096:Activision Blizzard
9046:Digital Crimes Unit
8468:Carlos A. Rodriguez
8149:Nokia Asha platform
7957:Microsoft PowerToys
7614:Embedded Automotive
5842:on October 12, 2014
5258:on October 19, 2013
5109:on January 22, 2013
4737:"Windows XP review"
4440:on January 12, 2012
4416:"Microsoft Company"
4380:"Windows Evolution"
3668:compatibility layer
3591:, that affects all
3048:Windows Server 2025
2996:Windows Server 2022
2974:Windows Server 2019
2959:September 26, 2016
2952:Windows Server 2016
2860:Windows Server 2012
2771:Windows Server 2008
2706:Windows Server 2003
2486:September 21, 1994
2151:Windows XP Embedded
2057:Windows Server 2012
2052:Windows Server 2003
2037:Windows Server 2008
1975:Windows Server 2012
1607:Windows Server 2008
1579:development process
1561:Windows Server 2003
1552:, with support for
1499:Internet Explorer 6
1254:Windows Movie Maker
1211:Internet Explorer 4
1128:32-bit applications
1078:generally available
800:able to modify the
758:Windows Mobile 2003
732:Worst Tech Products
655:Windows Server 2025
592:, was intended for
570:Windows Server 2012
566:Windows Server 2016
558:Windows Server 2025
424:commercial software
375:/Windows CE: Hybrid
37:
12107:Personal computers
11940:Segmentation fault
11788:Process management
11440:Windows on Windows
11164:Backup and Restore
10976:Transaction Server
10694:I/O request packet
10534:Folder redirection
10203:Speech Recognition
9961:System Information
9916:Management Console
9429:Consumers Software
9270:Apple v. Microsoft
9029:Engineering groups
8767:Visual Studio Code
8439:(Chairman and CEO)
8430:Board of directors
8195:Azure RTOS ThreadX
7913:Version comparison
7598:Embedded Compact 7
6743:nonamesecurity.com
6652:www.statepress.com
6105:Brian Harry's Blog
6075:Brian Harry's Blog
5892:Xbox Official Site
5830:Anand Lal Shimpi.
4955:docs.microsoft.com
4773:. March 12, 2002.
4717:on January 1, 2005
4514:on August 26, 2010
3858:. August 30, 2024.
3840:. August 19, 2024.
3822:. August 30, 2024.
3782:. August 19, 2024.
3635:CrowdStrike update
3624:Control Flow Guard
3035:November 10, 2026
2492:December 31, 2001
2465:December 31, 2000
2352:December 31, 2001
2349:Interface Manager
2346:November 20, 1985
2313:Latest version of
1860:On June 24, 2021,
1847:
1780:
1676:
1623:On July 22, 2009,
1599:different editions
1509:" to help provide
1507:compatibility mode
1482:
1330:
1205:, and support for
1076:Windows 3.1, made
1074:
1036:
963:paged memory model
936:keyboard shortcuts
762:Windows Mobile 6.5
636:for tablets (c.f.
241:Personal computing
35:
12087:Microsoft Windows
12074:
12073:
11930:Memory protection
11901:Memory management
11895:
11894:
11887:Shortest job next
11782:
11781:
11581:Operating systems
11547:
11546:
11473:
11472:
11430:Video for Windows
11385:Games for Windows
11254:Internet Explorer
10348:Windows Spotlight
9991:Windows Installer
9778:
9777:
9756:
9755:
9696:Visio Corporation
9374:Altamira Software
9305:Microsoft v. Shah
9212:Internet Explorer
9164:Mojave Experiment
9137:
9136:
9086:Xbox Game Studios
8969:
8968:
8939:LinkedIn Learning
8917:Developer Network
8604:
8603:
8483:Padmasree Warrior
8343:
8342:
8179:Windows 10 Mobile
8054:Microsoft Windows
8008:
8007:
7850:Removed features
7627:
7626:
7619:Embedded Industry
7555:MultiPoint Server
7538:
7537:
7233:Microsoft Windows
6877:. March 7, 2017.
6816:on March 29, 2007
6581:(June 15, 2005).
6260:The Old New Thing
6179:978-1-4842-0077-3
6044:Azure DevOps Blog
6013:The Old New Thing
5898:on April 27, 2021
5741:www.microsoft.com
5713:. July 14, 2021.
5252:blogs.windows.com
5216:Miller, Michael.
5135:on April 18, 2012
4679:Inside Windows NT
4656:on August 1, 2013
4464:Microsoft Support
4217:Microsoft Windows
3798:Microsoft Support
3758:Microsoft Support
3719:development stage
3458:access privileges
3447:memory protection
3438:
3437:
3359:
3358:
3270:Microsoft Windows
3194:
3193:
3069:
3068:
3009:October 14, 2031
2965:January 12, 2027
2937:October 14, 2025
2913:October 10, 2023
2894:January 10, 2023
2867:October 10, 2023
2843:January 12, 2016
2821:Windows Server 7
2781:January 14, 2020
2775:February 4, 2008
2748:November 8, 2006
2601:Memphis, 97, 4.1
2377:December 9, 1987
2136:Windows CE 6.0 R3
2005:personal computer
1912:COVID-19 pandemic
1805:Windows Phone 8.1
1656:Windows 8 and 8.1
1595:security features
1591:technical changes
1515:Remote Assistance
1180:Internet Explorer
955:virtual 8086 mode
863:, but before the
784:Windows 10 Mobile
780:Windows Phone 8.1
736:monolithic kernel
465:operating systems
451:Microsoft Windows
448:
447:
289:Windows Installer
36:Microsoft Windows
12134:
12029:Computer network
11793:
11792:
11701:
11700:
11574:
11567:
11560:
11551:
11550:
11536:
11535:
11525:
11524:
11445:Windows SideShow
11224:Food & Drink
11118:Spider Solitaire
11058:
11057:
10951:ActiveX Document
10919:Active Scripting
10875:Windows Firewall
10830:Credential Guard
10509:Active Directory
10306:Indexing Service
9936:Resource Monitor
9931:Recovery Console
9805:
9798:
9791:
9782:
9781:
9768:
9767:
9596:Playground Games
9591:Perceptive Pixel
9546:Mobile Data Labs
9526:Lionhead Studios
9419:Compulsion Games
9337:
9336:
9284:FTC v. Microsoft
9114:Microsoft campus
8978:
8977:
8613:
8612:
8443:John W. Thompson
8406:
8405:
8370:
8363:
8356:
8347:
8346:
8333:
8332:
8323:
8322:
8154:Nokia X platform
8047:Desktop / Server
8035:
8028:
8021:
8012:
8011:
7998:
7997:
7988:
7987:
7980:List of versions
7978:
7977:
7574:
7573:
7480:Home Server 2011
7348:
7347:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7203:
7202:
7120:
7119:
7117:Official website
7102:
7101:
7099:
7097:
7092:on April 4, 2014
7082:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7056:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7026:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7015:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6982:
6967:(June 8, 2005).
6961:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6865:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6832:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6812:. Archived from
6805:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6791:
6765:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6575:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6533:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6455:Net Applications
6446:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6414:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6391:Net Applications
6382:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6233:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6130:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6107:. May 24, 2017.
6097:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5838:. Archived from
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5668:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5625:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5527:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5337:
5328:
5327:
5305:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5254:. Archived from
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5224:. Archived from
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5193:. May 17, 2012.
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5105:. Archived from
5102:Business Insider
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4843:. Archived from
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4810:on April 3, 2009
4806:. Archived from
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4743:. Archived from
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4713:. Archived from
4706:
4695:
4694:
4682:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4652:. Archived from
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4436:. Archived from
4430:
4424:
4423:
4422:on May 14, 2008.
4418:. Archived from
4412:
4406:
4405:
4400:. Archived from
4394:
4388:
4387:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4315:. Archived from
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4223:on June 11, 2016
4219:. Archived from
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4163:. May 26, 2006.
4147:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4124:. Archived from
4110:
4104:
4103:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3750:
3641:File permissions
3433:
3430:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3371:Net Applications
3279:
3278:
3262:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3206:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3045:
3027:October 5, 2021
3016:
3003:August 18, 2021
2994:
2987:January 9, 2029
2981:October 2, 2018
2972:
2950:
2920:
2904:
2888:August 27, 2013
2879:
2858:
2828:
2815:
2788:
2778:Longhorn Server
2769:
2739:
2720:
2710:Whistler Server
2704:
2685:
2667:August 24, 2001
2658:
2648:Millennium, 4.9
2636:
2614:
2589:
2558:
2530:
2505:
2477:
2450:
2425:
2406:
2387:
2368:
2337:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2185:operating system
2083:ARM architecture
2025:64-bit computing
1995:Platform support
1904:operating system
1734:ARM architecture
1689:devices such as
1644:with revealable
1640:with an updated
1577:After a lengthy
1530:home theater PCs
1495:Windows Explorer
1405:Mach microkernel
1348:and Microsoft's
1160:Windows Explorer
983:high memory area
893:Clipboard Viewer
881:MS-DOS Executive
834:operating system
594:server computing
527:70% market share
444:
439:
436:
430:Official website
303:, .appxbundle),
238:Marketing target
233:
227:
225:
220:
210:
204:
202:
197:
186:
180:
178:
173:
162:
156:
154:
149:
130:
124:
122:
117:
104:
102:
97:
77:Source-available
45:
38:
34:
32:Operating system
12142:
12141:
12137:
12136:
12135:
12133:
12132:
12131:
12077:
12076:
12075:
12070:
12012:
11973:Defragmentation
11958:
11949:
11935:Protection ring
11904:
11891:
11863:
11856:
11778:
11752:
11690:
11629:
11583:
11578:
11548:
11543:
11513:
11481:Microsoft Store
11479:
11469:
11415:POSIX subsystem
11395:File Protection
11368:
11339:Program Manager
11324:Phone Companion
11314:Outlook Express
11264:Make Compatible
11194:Desktop Gadgets
11154:Anytime Upgrade
11137:
11049:
11022:
11013:Windows Runtime
10905:
10879:
10845:Family features
10803:
10628:
10584:DFS Replication
10495:
10410:
10401:Error Reporting
10357:
10257:
10133:Mobility Center
10128:Movies & TV
10022:
10006:Windows Insider
9896:Driver Verifier
9891:Drive Optimizer
9858:
9852:
9843:Booting process
9814:
9809:
9779:
9774:
9752:
9676:Tellme Networks
9656:Sunrise Atelier
9484:Groove Networks
9352:Access Software
9326:
9248:
9183:
9133:
9129:Microsoft Japan
9124:Microsoft India
9119:Microsoft Egypt
9102:
9071:.NET Foundation
9017:
8965:
8907:Microsoft Learn
8880:
8787:
8781:
8691:
8600:
8584:Employee groups
8579:
8552:
8487:
8448:John W. Stanton
8425:
8397:
8379:
8374:
8344:
8339:
8311:
8255:
8229:
8205:Modular Windows
8183:
8137:
8042:
8039:
8009:
8004:
7966:
7952:Microsoft Plus!
7886:Version history
7749:
7708:
7675:
7623:
7602:
7593:Embedded CE 6.0
7579:
7568:
7566:
7559:
7534:
7517:
7511:
7468:HPC Server 2008
7437:
7430:
7352:
7337:
7309:
7270:
7235:
7230:
7197:Wayback Machine
7185:Wayback Machine
7172:Wayback Machine
7155:Wayback Machine
7143:Wayback Machine
7131:Wayback Machine
7115:
7114:
7111:
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7084:
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7057:
7053:
7043:
7041:
7034:www.av-test.org
7028:
7027:
7023:
7013:
7011:
7006:. UBM TechWeb.
7003:InformationWeek
6994:
6990:
6980:
6978:
6962:
6958:
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6884:
6882:
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6829:
6819:
6817:
6806:
6802:
6789:
6787:
6766:
6762:
6752:
6750:
6737:Verloy, Filip.
6735:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6696:
6692:
6682:
6680:
6671:
6670:
6666:
6656:
6654:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6631:
6629:
6610:
6606:
6596:
6594:
6593:on June 6, 2007
6576:
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5478:
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5440:Windows Central
5432:
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5397:
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4902:
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4827:
4823:
4813:
4811:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4747:on May 26, 2013
4735:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4707:
4698:
4691:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4657:
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4629:
4627:
4618:
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4603:
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4587:
4577:
4575:
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4565:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4488:on May 24, 2011
4480:
4479:
4475:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4441:
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4427:
4414:
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4224:
4211:
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4206:
4196:
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4184:
4180:
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4149:
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4141:
4131:
4129:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4078:
4074:
4064:
4062:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4032:
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3998:Microsoft Learn
3992:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3975:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3937:Microsoft Learn
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3906:Microsoft Learn
3902:"What is MSIX?"
3898:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3875:Microsoft Learn
3867:
3863:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3728:
3664:
3643:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3413:
3409:
3402:
3394:cloud computing
3360:
3272:, according to
3267:
3257:
3256:
3230:
3227:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3188:
3100:
3043:
3014:
2992:
2970:
2948:
2918:
2902:
2877:
2856:
2837:August 1, 2012
2826:
2813:
2786:
2767:
2754:April 11, 2017
2737:
2726:April 25, 2005
2718:
2702:
2694:March 28, 2003
2683:
2656:
2634:
2612:
2587:
2556:
2528:
2507:Windows NT 3.51
2503:
2475:
2448:
2423:
2404:
2385:
2366:
2335:
2299:Latest version
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2226:
2198:
2175:consoles. From
2169:
2163:
2144:Windows Phone 8
2132:Windows Phone 7
2105:
2097:Main articles:
2095:
1997:
1942:
1936:
1925:Apple App Store
1888:
1877:
1871:
1858:
1852:
1789:virtual desktop
1772:
1766:
1724:services), the
1714:social networks
1668:
1660:Main articles:
1658:
1621:
1615:
1575:
1569:
1550:tablet computer
1517:functionality.
1474:
1468:
1444:Windows NT 3.51
1322:
1312:Windows NT 3.51
1302:Main articles:
1300:
1295:
1293:Version history
1290:
1284:
1270:home networking
1148:Program Manager
1144:object oriented
1140:long file names
1120:
1104:Main articles:
1102:
1028:
1020:Main articles:
1018:
967:extended memory
940:expanded memory
856:
844:Main articles:
842:
823:
817:
811:
809:Version history
776:Windows Phone 8
772:Windows Phone 7
582:
489:embedded system
433:
403:
396:
329:
297:Microsoft Store
284:Package manager
278:
268:Microsoft Store
229:
223:
221:
218:
206:
200:
198:
195:
182:
176:
174:
171:
158:
152:
150:
147:
126:
120:
118:
115:
100:
98:
95:
91:Initial release
86:
48:
33:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12140:
12130:
12129:
12124:
12119:
12114:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12089:
12072:
12071:
12069:
12068:
12063:
12062:
12061:
12059:User interface
12056:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12020:
12018:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11985:
11983:File attribute
11980:
11975:
11970:
11964:
11962:
11951:
11950:
11948:
11947:
11945:Virtual memory
11942:
11937:
11932:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11911:
11909:
11897:
11896:
11893:
11892:
11890:
11889:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11868:
11866:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11817:Context switch
11814:
11799:
11797:
11790:
11784:
11783:
11780:
11779:
11777:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11760:
11758:
11754:
11753:
11751:
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11715:
11709:
11707:
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11689:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
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11643:
11637:
11635:
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11628:
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11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
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11591:
11589:
11585:
11584:
11577:
11576:
11569:
11562:
11554:
11545:
11544:
11542:
11541:
11530:
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11511:
11506:
11501:
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11491:
11485:
11483:
11475:
11474:
11471:
11470:
11468:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11376:
11374:
11370:
11369:
11367:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11344:Steps Recorder
11341:
11336:
11331:
11326:
11321:
11316:
11311:
11306:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
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11271:
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11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
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11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
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11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11145:
11143:
11139:
11138:
11136:
11135:
11128:
11121:
11114:
11107:
11100:
11093:
11086:
11079:
11072:
11064:
11062:
11055:
11051:
11050:
11048:
11047:
11040:
11032:
11030:
11024:
11023:
11021:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10980:
10979:
10978:
10973:
10971:OLE Automation
10968:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10938:
10937:
10936:
10931:
10926:
10915:
10913:
10907:
10906:
10904:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10887:
10885:
10881:
10880:
10878:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10811:
10809:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10739:Object Manager
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10699:Imaging Format
10696:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10675:
10674:
10669:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10638:
10636:
10630:
10629:
10627:
10626:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10606:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10505:
10503:
10497:
10496:
10494:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10482:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10420:
10418:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10396:Task Scheduler
10393:
10388:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10367:
10365:
10359:
10358:
10356:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10329:
10328:
10326:Special folder
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10267:
10265:
10259:
10258:
10256:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10238:Voice Recorder
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10124:
10123:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10032:
10030:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10009:
10008:
10001:Windows Update
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9971:System Restore
9968:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9881:Device Manager
9878:
9873:
9871:Command Prompt
9868:
9862:
9860:
9854:
9853:
9851:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9839:
9838:
9833:
9825:
9819:
9816:
9815:
9808:
9807:
9800:
9793:
9785:
9776:
9775:
9773:
9772:
9761:
9758:
9757:
9754:
9753:
9751:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9734:
9733:
9723:
9718:
9716:WebTV Networks
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9641:Secure Islands
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9586:Pando Networks
9583:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9551:Mojang Studios
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9370:
9369:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9343:
9341:
9334:
9328:
9327:
9325:
9324:
9316:
9308:
9301:
9294:
9287:
9280:
9273:
9266:
9258:
9256:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9245:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9193:
9191:
9185:
9184:
9182:
9181:
9174:
9167:
9160:
9153:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9138:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9110:
9108:
9104:
9103:
9101:
9100:
9099:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9042:
9041:
9036:
9025:
9023:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8984:
8982:
8975:
8971:
8970:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8931:
8926:
8925:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8888:
8886:
8885:Web properties
8882:
8881:
8879:
8878:
8871:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8791:
8789:
8783:
8782:
8780:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8742:Power Platform
8739:
8734:
8733:
8732:
8727:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8701:
8699:
8693:
8692:
8690:
8689:
8684:
8683:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8621:
8619:
8610:
8606:
8605:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8598:
8593:
8587:
8585:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8577:
8572:
8569:Richard Rashid
8566:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8550:
8547:Kathleen Hogan
8544:
8539:
8534:
8528:
8522:
8516:
8510:
8505:
8502:
8495:
8493:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8473:Charles Scharf
8470:
8465:
8463:Penny Pritzker
8460:
8458:Sandi Peterson
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8426:
8424:
8423:
8418:
8412:
8410:
8403:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8390:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8373:
8372:
8365:
8358:
8350:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8337:
8327:
8316:
8313:
8312:
8310:
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8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8263:
8261:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8237:
8235:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8191:
8189:
8188:Embedded / IoT
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8164:Windows Mobile
8161:
8156:
8151:
8145:
8143:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8124:
8123:
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7709:
7707:
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7696:
7691:
7685:
7683:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7646:Pocket PC 2002
7643:
7641:Pocket PC 2000
7637:
7635:
7633:Windows Mobile
7629:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7621:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7600:
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7533:
7532:
7527:
7521:
7519:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7492:Server 2012 R2
7489:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7475:Server 2008 R2
7472:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7455:
7454:
7453:
7442:
7440:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7428:
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7409:
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7214:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7187:
7175:
7162:
7157:
7145:
7133:
7121:
7110:
7109:External links
7107:
7104:
7103:
7077:
7051:
7021:
6988:
6956:
6939:ThreatPost.com
6925:
6892:
6860:
6827:
6800:
6779:Microsoft Docs
6760:
6729:
6690:
6664:
6639:
6604:
6589:Archived from
6579:Bruce Schneier
6570:
6539:
6505:
6473:
6441:
6409:
6377:
6347:
6327:
6307:
6277:
6246:
6228:
6197:
6178:
6156:
6122:
6092:
6061:
6030:
5999:
5990:About.com Tech
5976:
5953:
5931:
5909:
5879:
5853:
5822:
5789:
5758:
5728:
5698:
5655:
5612:
5581:
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5519:
5488:
5457:
5426:
5395:
5362:
5329:
5295:
5269:
5239:
5208:
5172:
5146:
5120:
5095:Rosoff, Matt.
5087:
5056:
5029:
5003:
4972:
4941:
4910:
4884:
4858:
4821:
4788:
4758:
4728:
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3724:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3704:
3663:
3660:
3642:
3639:
3612:second Tuesday
3608:Windows Update
3595:versions from
3436:
3435:
3416:
3414:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3291:Other versions
3287:
3286:
3283:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3229:
3228:
3223:Main article:
3220:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3191:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3053:NT 10.0.26100
3051:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3024:NT 10.0.26100
3022:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:NT 10.0.20348
2998:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2978:NT 10.0.17763
2976:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:NT 10.0.14393
2954:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2930:
2929:July 15, 2015
2927:
2926:NT 10.0.19045
2924:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
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2883:
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2873:
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2862:
2853:
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2849:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2797:July 22, 2009
2795:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2732:April 8, 2014
2730:
2727:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2713:July 14, 2015
2711:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2673:April 8, 2014
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2651:July 11, 2006
2649:
2646:
2645:June 19, 2000
2643:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2629:July 13, 2010
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:July 11, 2006
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2573:June 30, 2004
2571:
2568:
2567:July 31, 1996
2565:
2562:
2560:Windows NT 4.0
2553:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2539:July 14, 1995
2537:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2479:Windows NT 3.5
2472:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2459:July 27, 1993
2457:
2454:
2452:Windows NT 3.1
2445:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2434:April 6, 1992
2432:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:Support until
2308:
2305:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2283:Future release
2281:
2276:
2272:Latest version
2269:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2225:
2222:
2218:Linus Torvalds
2197:
2194:
2165:Main article:
2162:
2159:
2140:Windows CE 7.0
2128:Windows Mobile
2094:
2091:
2009:Windows NT 4.0
1996:
1993:
1962:Windows Update
1935:
1932:
1870:
1867:
1854:Main article:
1851:
1848:
1817:Windows Update
1768:Main article:
1765:
1762:
1710:cloud services
1657:
1654:
1617:Main article:
1614:
1611:
1603:some criticism
1571:Main article:
1568:
1565:
1546:specifications
1538:TV tuner cards
1470:Main article:
1467:
1464:
1452:Windows NT 4.0
1450:architecture.
1432:Windows NT 3.5
1416:Windows NT 3.1
1409:Richard Rashid
1316:Windows NT 4.0
1308:Windows NT 3.5
1304:Windows NT 3.1
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1286:Main article:
1283:
1280:
1268:, and updated
1266:System Restore
1215:Active Desktop
1197:, support for
1193:, support for
1101:
1098:
1092:that also had
1051:protected mode
1043:virtual memory
1017:
1014:
1002:device drivers
841:
840:Early versions
838:
813:Main article:
810:
807:
806:
805:
787:
774:, followed by
765:
754:Pocket PC 2000
746:Windows Mobile
743:
703:
702:
679:
678:
667:
666:
651:Windows Server
647:
646:
645:
644:
596:and corporate
590:Windows NT 3.1
581:
578:
497:Windows Mobile
477:Windows Server
446:
445:
431:
427:
426:
418:
412:
411:
406:
404:user interface
398:
397:
395:
394:
376:
370:
360:
358:
351:
350:
312:
308:
307:
291:(.msi, .msp),
286:
280:
279:
277:
276:
270:
265:
263:Windows Update
259:
257:
253:
252:
249:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
216:
215:
214:Canary Channel
192:
191:
168:
167:
144:
143:
138:
136:Latest preview
132:
131:
112:
110:Latest release
106:
105:
92:
88:
87:
85:
84:
74:
68:
66:
62:
61:
56:
50:
49:
46:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12139:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12113:
12110:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12092:1985 software
12090:
12088:
12085:
12084:
12082:
12067:
12064:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12051:
12050:
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12042:
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12022:
12021:
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12009:
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11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
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11961:
11956:
11952:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11925:Memory paging
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11902:
11898:
11888:
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11883:
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11800:
11798:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11785:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11764:Device driver
11762:
11761:
11759:
11755:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11719:
11716:
11714:
11711:
11710:
11708:
11706:
11705:Architectures
11702:
11699:
11697:
11693:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
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11657:
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11642:
11639:
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11608:
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11516:
11510:
11507:
11505:
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11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11486:
11484:
11482:
11476:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11460:Windows To Go
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
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11418:
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11408:
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11403:
11401:
11398:
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11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11377:
11375:
11371:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11330:
11329:Photo Gallery
11327:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11274:Meeting Space
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11244:HyperTerminal
11242:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11214:Easy Transfer
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
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11160:
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11155:
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11147:
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11144:
11140:
11134:
11133:
11129:
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11126:
11122:
11120:
11119:
11115:
11113:
11112:
11108:
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11105:
11101:
11099:
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11056:
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11046:
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11041:
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11038:
11034:
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11025:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10943:
10942:
10939:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10921:
10920:
10917:
10916:
10914:
10912:
10908:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10884:Compatibility
10882:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10812:
10810:
10806:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10709:Library files
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10664:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10635:
10631:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10506:
10504:
10502:
10498:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10469:Reparse point
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10451:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10417:
10413:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10366:
10364:
10360:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
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8575:César Cernuda
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8478:Emma Walmsley
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6698:Gates, Bill.
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5969:. Vox Media.
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5533:. Microsoft.
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4118:microsoft.com
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4087:Computerworld
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3989:
3978:September 13,
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3947:September 13,
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3916:September 13,
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3658:and folders.
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3525:Windows shell
3521:
3517:
3513:
3512:Windows Vista
3509:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:computer worm
3491:
3487:
3486:administrator
3483:
3482:Windows Vista
3478:
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2741:Windows Vista
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2598:May 15, 1998
2597:
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2581:
2578:
2569:
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2563:
2561:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2542:Chicago, 4.0
2541:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2514:May 30, 1995
2513:
2511:NT 3.51.1057
2510:
2508:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2473:
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2467:
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2415:May 22, 1990
2414:
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2396:May 27, 1988
2395:
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2296:Product name
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2103:Windows Phone
2100:
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2072:Windows Vista
2069:
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2018:
2014:
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1992:
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1988:Windows Store
1985:
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1968:
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1638:Windows shell
1635:
1630:
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1620:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:Windows Vista
1580:
1574:
1573:Windows Vista
1567:Windows Vista
1564:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:services, a "
1504:
1503:.NET Passport
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1478:
1473:
1463:
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1457:
1453:
1449:
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1407:developed by
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:hybrid kernel
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:Mark Lucovsky
1339:
1335:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1289:
1279:
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1276:
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1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:multi-monitor
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
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1133:
1132:plug and play
1129:
1125:
1119:
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1111:
1107:
1097:
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943:
941:
937:
933:
928:
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922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:Control Panel
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
851:
847:
837:
835:
832:
828:
822:
816:
803:
799:
795:
794:hybrid kernel
791:
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:Windows Phone
766:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:
723:
719:
715:
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555:
551:
547:
544:for consumer
543:
538:
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528:
523:
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517:
513:
508:
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502:
501:Windows Phone
498:
494:
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463:
460:
456:
452:
443:
438:
432:
428:
425:
422:
419:
417:
413:
410:
409:Windows shell
407:
405:
399:
392:
388:
384:
381:and earlier:
380:
377:
374:
371:
369:
365:
362:
361:
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349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
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298:
294:
293:App Installer
290:
287:
285:
281:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
258:
256:Update method
254:
251:110 languages
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
213:
212:
211:
209:
189:
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187:
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165:
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141:
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133:
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113:
111:
107:
93:
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82:
78:
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73:
72:Closed-source
70:
69:
67:
63:
60:
57:
55:
51:
44:
39:
30:
26:
22:
11960:file systems
11852:Time-sharing
11494:File Manager
11334:Photo Viewer
11269:Media Center
11229:Groove Music
11159:Address Book
11130:
11123:
11116:
11111:Purble Place
11109:
11102:
11095:
11088:
11081:
11076:Chess Titans
11074:
11067:
11054:Discontinued
11042:
11035:
10734:Ntoskrnl.exe
10642:Boot Manager
10634:Architecture
10524:Group Policy
10416:File systems
10316:Saved search
10223:Sticky Notes
10188:Quick Assist
10116:Media Player
10086:Feedback Hub
10081:Fax and Scan
9976:Task Manager
9906:Event Viewer
9886:Disk Cleanup
9556:Ninja Theory
9521:LinkExchange
9493:
9332:Acquisitions
9318:
9310:
9303:
9296:
9289:
9282:
9275:
9268:
9261:
8873:
8866:
8852:Transact-SQL
8815:Visual Basic
8786:Programming
8771:
8625:Azure Kinect
8564:Joe Belfiore
8542:Phil Spencer
8453:Reid Hoffman
8200:Azure Sphere
8053:
7918:Vista and XP
7760:Development
7395:Media Center
7232:
7094:. Retrieved
7090:the original
7080:
7068:. Retrieved
7064:
7054:
7042:. Retrieved
7033:
7024:
7012:. Retrieved
7001:
6991:
6979:. Retrieved
6972:
6965:Ryan Naraine
6959:
6947:. Retrieved
6938:
6928:
6916:. Retrieved
6905:
6895:
6885:December 18,
6883:. Retrieved
6872:
6863:
6853:December 18,
6851:. Retrieved
6840:
6830:
6818:. Retrieved
6814:the original
6803:
6795:
6788:. Retrieved
6777:
6763:
6751:. Retrieved
6742:
6732:
6720:. Retrieved
6703:
6693:
6681:. Retrieved
6667:
6655:. Retrieved
6651:
6642:
6630:. Retrieved
6618:InternetNews
6617:
6607:
6595:. Retrieved
6591:the original
6573:
6561:. Retrieved
6552:
6542:
6530:. Retrieved
6526:the original
6517:
6508:
6498:September 8,
6496:. Retrieved
6485:
6476:
6466:September 8,
6464:. Retrieved
6453:
6444:
6434:September 8,
6432:. Retrieved
6421:
6412:
6402:September 8,
6400:. Retrieved
6389:
6380:
6370:November 24,
6368:. Retrieved
6359:
6350:
6339:
6330:
6319:
6310:
6300:February 14,
6298:. Retrieved
6289:
6280:
6268:. Retrieved
6259:
6249:
6231:
6221:September 2,
6219:. Retrieved
6210:
6200:
6190:September 2,
6188:. Retrieved
6169:
6159:
6149:December 26,
6147:. Retrieved
6139:Ars Technica
6138:
6113:. Retrieved
6104:
6095:
6085:September 2,
6083:. Retrieved
6074:
6064:
6054:September 2,
6052:. Retrieved
6043:
6033:
6023:September 2,
6021:. Retrieved
6012:
6002:
5989:
5979:
5966:
5956:
5943:
5934:
5921:
5912:
5902:November 30,
5900:. Retrieved
5896:the original
5891:
5882:
5870:. Retrieved
5866:the original
5856:
5844:. Retrieved
5840:the original
5835:
5825:
5813:. Retrieved
5802:
5792:
5780:. Retrieved
5771:
5761:
5749:. Retrieved
5740:
5731:
5719:. Retrieved
5710:
5701:
5689:. Retrieved
5670:
5658:
5646:. Retrieved
5627:
5615:
5603:. Retrieved
5594:
5584:
5572:. Retrieved
5561:
5551:
5539:. Retrieved
5510:. Retrieved
5501:
5491:
5479:. Retrieved
5471:The Spectrum
5470:
5460:
5448:. Retrieved
5439:
5429:
5417:. Retrieved
5408:
5398:
5386:. Retrieved
5353:. Retrieved
5315:Ars Technica
5313:
5286:. Retrieved
5282:the original
5272:
5260:. Retrieved
5256:the original
5251:
5242:
5232:February 10,
5230:. Retrieved
5226:the original
5221:
5211:
5201:September 8,
5199:. Retrieved
5184:
5175:
5165:November 21,
5163:. Retrieved
5159:the original
5149:
5137:. Retrieved
5133:the original
5123:
5113:February 10,
5111:. Retrieved
5107:the original
5100:
5090:
5078:. Retrieved
5069:
5064:Case, Loyd.
5059:
5047:. Retrieved
5032:
5020:. Retrieved
5006:
4996:November 11,
4994:. Retrieved
4985:
4975:
4963:. Retrieved
4954:
4944:
4934:November 11,
4932:. Retrieved
4923:
4913:
4901:. Retrieved
4887:
4875:. Retrieved
4870:
4861:
4849:. Retrieved
4845:the original
4834:
4824:
4812:. Retrieved
4808:the original
4801:
4791:
4781:November 13,
4779:. Retrieved
4770:
4761:
4749:. Retrieved
4745:the original
4740:
4731:
4719:. Retrieved
4715:the original
4678:
4670:
4658:. Retrieved
4654:the original
4649:
4640:
4628:. Retrieved
4624:the original
4614:
4602:. Retrieved
4588:
4576:. Retrieved
4562:
4552:February 14,
4550:. Retrieved
4537:
4528:
4516:. Retrieved
4512:the original
4502:
4492:September 4,
4490:. Retrieved
4486:the original
4476:
4468:the original
4463:
4454:
4442:. Retrieved
4438:the original
4428:
4420:the original
4410:
4402:the original
4392:
4384:the original
4374:
4362:. Retrieved
4343:
4333:
4321:. Retrieved
4317:the original
4307:
4295:. Retrieved
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4261:TechRepublic
4260:
4251:
4242:
4237:
4225:. Retrieved
4221:the original
4216:
4207:
4197:September 3,
4195:. Retrieved
4191:
4181:
4169:. Retrieved
4154:
4130:. Retrieved
4126:the original
4117:
4108:
4099:
4085:
4075:
4063:. Retrieved
4054:
4045:
4033:. Retrieved
4018:
4006:. Retrieved
3997:
3988:
3976:. Retrieved
3967:
3957:
3945:. Retrieved
3936:
3926:
3914:. Retrieved
3905:
3895:
3883:. Retrieved
3874:
3864:
3855:
3846:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3810:
3797:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3757:
3748:
3665:
3644:
3632:
3617:
3605:
3562:
3540:
3529:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3475:
3451:
3439:
3426:
3418:
3391:
3379:
3368:
3361:
3290:
3285:StatCounter
3269:
3264:
3263:
3196:
3046:
3017:
2910:Server Blue
2885:NT 6.3.9600
2834:NT 6.2.9200
2794:NT 6.1.7601
2745:NT 6.0.6003
2691:NT 5.2.3790
2664:NT 5.1.2600
2620:NT 5.0.2195
2616:Windows 2000
2564:NT 4.0.1381
2303:Release date
2271:
2254:
2241:
2239:
2227:
2211:
2202:Windows 2000
2199:
2170:
2148:
2121:
2108:
2106:
2076:
2061:
2041:
1998:
1969:
1966:
1955:
1943:
1929:
1891:
1889:
1859:
1838:Windows 10.
1836:
1825:
1781:
1707:
1695:Start screen
1677:
1622:
1587:new features
1576:
1558:
1519:
1483:
1460:Windows 2000
1424:workstations
1413:
1394:
1376:port of the
1364:kernel with
1331:
1320:Windows 2000
1273:
1242:Windows 2000
1235:
1184:
1172:service pack
1121:
1086:
1075:
1070:floppy disks
1037:
991:
987:
944:
925:
887:, Calendar,
857:
826:
824:
731:
725:
704:
598:workstations
583:
580:Product line
539:
524:
509:
455:product line
450:
449:
330:Previously:
247:Available in
193:
169:
166:Beta Channel
145:
65:Source model
29:
11978:Device file
11968:Boot loader
11882:Round-robin
11807:Cooperative
11743:Rump kernel
11733:Multikernel
11723:Microkernel
11620:Usage share
11509:Minesweeper
11478:Spun off to
11299:MSN Dial-up
11294:Movie Maker
11199:Diagnostics
11149:ActiveMovie
10891:COMMAND.COM
10769:Shadow Copy
10624:Server Core
10464:Mount Point
10391:Shadow Copy
9986:Windows Ink
9686:Undead Labs
9636:ScreenTonic
9489:Havok Group
9479:GreenButton
9464:Forethought
9449:FASA Studio
9367:acquisition
8981:Conferences
8951:Outlook.com
8525:Kevin Scott
8292:Singularity
8267:Azure Linux
8246:LAN Manager
8225:Windows IoT
7651:Mobile 2003
7569:Windows IoT
7567:Embedded /
7543:Specialized
7507:Server 2022
7502:Server 2019
7497:Server 2016
7487:Server 2012
7458:Server 2008
7451:Home Server
7446:Server 2003
6790:October 20,
6487:StatCounter
6423:StatCounter
6341:StatCounter
6321:StatCounter
5872:December 1,
5846:October 21,
5262:October 31,
5222:PC Magazine
4771:ServerWatch
4538:News Center
4192:How-To Geek
4132:November 7,
4035:January 13,
3721:since 1996.
3683:Windows API
3620:Secure Boot
3585:legacy code
3583:, based on
3385:'s 13.76%,
3375:StatCounter
3331:Windows 8.1
3282:Desktop OS
3274:StatCounter
3231:This box:
2881:Windows 8.1
2483:NT 3.5.807
2456:NT 3.1.528
2427:Windows 3.1
2408:Windows 3.0
2389:Windows 2.1
2370:Windows 2.0
2339:Windows 1.0
2189:Xbox Series
1980:Windows 8.1
1921:Google Play
1916:remote work
1908:web browser
1892:Windows 365
1885:Windows/386
1869:Windows 365
1813:Windows 8.1
1801:Windows 8.1
1754:Windows 8.1
1742:Windows 8.1
1738:screenshots
1687:touch-based
1666:Windows 8.1
1634:multi-touch
1526:power users
1420:Windows 3.1
1401:microkernel
1378:Windows API
1370:Windows 3.0
1338:Dave Cutler
1336:developers
1203:hibernation
1176:web browser
1088:version of
1039:Windows 3.0
1026:Windows 3.1
1022:Windows 3.0
1016:Windows 3.x
994:file system
975:Intel 80286
959:Intel 80386
951:Windows/386
947:Windows/286
927:Windows 2.0
869:Windows 1.0
854:Windows 2.1
850:Windows 2.0
846:Windows 1.0
683:Windows IoT
606:workstation
531:StatCounter
485:Windows IoT
473:workstation
459:proprietary
421:Proprietary
231:[±]
208:[±]
190:Dev Channel
184:[±]
160:[±]
128:[±]
12081:Categories
11908:protection
11864:algorithms
11862:Scheduling
11811:Preemptive
11757:Components
11728:Monolithic
11595:Comparison
11489:DVD Player
11304:NetMeeting
11204:DriveSpace
11069:3D Pinball
10569:SharePoint
10333:Start menu
10178:Phone Link
10041:Calculator
9996:PowerShell
9857:Management
9706:VoloMetrix
9616:ProClarity
9611:Press Play
9541:Metaswitch
9379:AltspaceVR
9254:Litigation
9039:Skype unit
8961:Translator
8875:Visual J++
8857:TypeScript
8847:PowerShell
8537:Harry Shum
8531:Brad Smith
8421:Paul Allen
8416:Bill Gates
8272:Barrelfish
7990:Comparison
7671:Mobile 6.5
7666:Mobile 6.1
7661:Mobile 6.0
7656:Mobile 5.0
7343:Windows NT
7315:Windows 9x
7259:Comparison
7244:Components
7014:January 3,
6981:January 3,
6949:August 15,
6918:August 15,
6632:January 3,
6622:QuinStreet
6270:October 6,
6115:October 8,
5320:Condé Nast
5080:January 7,
5049:August 11,
4965:August 21,
4903:January 3,
4877:January 3,
4851:January 3,
4630:August 26,
4604:January 3,
4578:January 3,
4518:August 22,
4444:January 3,
4364:January 9,
4227:January 7,
4171:January 7,
3740:References
3601:Windows 10
3597:Windows XP
3587:involving
3490:Windows XP
3477:Windows NT
3454:Windows 9x
3452:While the
3364:Windows 10
3351:Windows 11
3341:Windows 10
3301:Windows XP
3056:Fall 2024
3019:Windows 11
2922:Windows 10
2800:Windows 7
2660:Windows XP
2642:4.90.3000
2638:Windows Me
2595:4.10.2222
2591:Windows 98
2536:4.03.1216
2532:Windows 95
2099:Windows CE
2093:Windows CE
2079:Windows RT
2048:Windows XP
2033:Windows 10
1938:See also:
1873:See also:
1862:Windows 11
1856:Windows 11
1850:Windows 11
1799:with SP1,
1793:Windows 10
1784:Windows 10
1770:Windows 10
1764:Windows 10
1758:Start menu
1730:Windows RT
1646:jump lists
1536:playback,
1490:Windows 9x
1486:Windows XP
1472:Windows XP
1466:Windows XP
1456:Windows 95
1354:multi-user
1288:Windows NT
1282:Windows NT
1256:, and the
1250:multimedia
1238:Windows Me
1187:Windows 98
1152:Start menu
1134:hardware,
1124:Windows 95
1118:Windows Me
1114:Windows 98
1110:Windows 95
1106:Windows 9x
1100:Windows 9x
971:Intel 8086
885:Calculator
861:Apple Lisa
819:See also:
738:that uses
722:Windows Me
718:Windows 98
714:Windows 95
710:Windows 9x
671:Windows PE
614:Windows 11
586:Windows NT
562:Windows 10
554:Windows 11
542:Windows 11
493:Windows 9x
383:Monolithic
379:Windows 9x
364:Windows NT
332:16-bit x86
224:2024-08-30
201:2024-08-19
177:2024-08-30
153:2024-09-10
121:2024-09-10
101:1985-11-20
11998:Partition
11915:Bus error
11842:Real-time
11822:Interrupt
11748:Unikernel
11713:Exokernel
11284:Messenger
11279:Messaging
11209:DVD Maker
11179:CD Player
11174:CardSpace
11125:Solitaire
10825:BitLocker
10820:AppLocker
10454:Hard link
10343:Task View
10321:Namespace
10291:ClearType
10111:Messaging
10096:Magnifier
10061:Clipchamp
10036:3D Viewer
9646:Simplygon
9601:PlaceWare
9424:Connectix
9414:Colloquis
9409:Clipchamp
9384:aQuantive
9340:Completed
9189:Criticism
9178:Scroogled
9157:Champagne
9142:Campaigns
9022:Divisions
8912:Channel 9
8868:Visual J#
8788:languages
8705:Clipchamp
8660:Laptop Go
7925:Criticism
7901:10 Mobile
7780:Editions
7725:Nashville
7713:Cancelled
7704:10 Mobile
7699:Phone 8.1
7578:Embedded
7266:Criticism
6874:Computing
6820:March 15,
6712:1059-1028
6597:April 22,
6532:April 20,
6522:Microsoft
6290:Microsoft
5967:The Verge
5782:August 2,
5681:0099-9660
5638:0099-9660
5563:The Verge
5502:The Verge
5409:Microsoft
5378:Microsoft
5345:Microsoft
5191:Vox Media
5186:The Verge
5139:April 17,
5022:March 29,
5014:. ZDNet.
4354:0199-6649
4345:InfoWorld
4323:March 12,
4297:March 12,
4271:March 26,
4122:Microsoft
3802:Microsoft
3762:Microsoft
3701:CrossOver
3628:BitLocker
3581:2019-1162
3569:Windows 7
3551:2019-0708
3501:writers.
3321:Windows 8
3311:Windows 7
2864:Server 8
2830:Windows 8
2790:Windows 7
2751:Longhorn
2670:Whistler
2431:3.11.050
2307:Codename
2224:VFSForGit
2124:Dreamcast
2017:DEC Alpha
1971:Windows 8
1821:Windows 7
1809:Windows 7
1797:Windows 7
1750:Windows 8
1722:Xbox Live
1679:Windows 8
1662:Windows 8
1650:HomeGroup
1625:Windows 7
1619:Windows 7
1613:Windows 7
1246:real mode
1150:with the
1010:resources
979:real mode
895:, Clock,
865:Macintosh
831:Microsoft
825:The term
469:Microsoft
462:graphical
336:DEC Alpha
311:Platforms
79:(through
59:Microsoft
54:Developer
12044:Live USB
11906:resource
11796:Concepts
11634:Variants
11615:Timeline
11528:Category
11405:MS-DOS 7
11390:ScanDisk
11309:NTBackup
11189:Contacts
11169:Cardfile
11104:Hold 'Em
11083:FreeCell
10929:VBScript
10840:Defender
10808:Security
10794:Winlogon
10749:Registry
10363:Services
10296:Explorer
10281:AutoPlay
10168:Paint 3D
10153:OneDrive
10143:Narrator
10091:Get Help
10046:Calendar
9941:Settings
9911:IExpress
9770:Category
9731:AppNexus
9661:SwiftKey
9606:Powerset
9516:LinkedIn
9444:Farecast
9180:" (2012)
9173:" (2008)
9171:I'm a PC
9166:" (2006)
9159:" (2002)
9152:" (1994)
9061:Research
8934:LinkedIn
8842:Power Fx
8810:VBScript
8710:Dynamics
8697:Software
8630:HoloLens
8617:Hardware
8609:Products
8519:Amy Hood
8409:Founders
8335:Category
8111:MS-DOS 7
8000:Category
7565:Windows
7518:releases
7463:EBS 2008
7436:Windows
7353:releases
7249:Versions
7193:Archived
7181:Archived
7168:Archived
7151:Archived
7139:Archived
7127:Archived
7096:April 5,
7070:July 27,
7038:Archived
7008:Archived
6943:Archived
6912:Archived
6879:Archived
6847:Archived
6784:Archived
6747:Archived
6716:Archived
6677:Archived
6657:June 12,
6626:Archived
6557:Archived
6492:Archived
6460:Archived
6428:Archived
6396:Archived
6364:Archived
6294:Archived
6264:Archived
6241:Archived
6215:Archived
6184:Archived
6143:Archived
6109:Archived
6079:Archived
6048:Archived
6017:Archived
5994:Archived
5971:Archived
5948:Archived
5944:GameSpot
5926:Archived
5922:GameSpot
5815:June 14,
5809:Archived
5776:Archived
5751:July 15,
5745:Archived
5721:July 15,
5715:Archived
5711:Engadget
5691:July 15,
5685:Archived
5648:July 15,
5642:Archived
5605:July 14,
5599:Archived
5568:Archived
5535:Archived
5512:June 24,
5506:Archived
5475:Archived
5444:Archived
5413:Archived
5382:Archived
5349:Archived
5324:Archived
5195:Archived
5074:Archived
5070:PC World
5043:Archived
5016:Archived
4990:Archived
4959:Archived
4928:Archived
4897:Archived
4814:July 22,
4775:Archived
4650:PC World
4598:Archived
4572:Archived
4546:Archived
4358:Archived
4291:Archived
4289:. 2006.
4265:Archived
4165:Archived
4156:PC World
4096:Archived
4065:July 16,
4059:Archived
4029:Archived
4008:April 5,
4002:Archived
3972:Archived
3968:MiniTool
3941:Archived
3910:Archived
3879:Archived
3726:See also
3564:DejaBlue
3543:BlueKeep
3462:userland
3429:May 2020
3400:Security
2489:Daytona
2177:Xbox One
1828:Perforce
1746:OneDrive
1718:OneDrive
1703:netbooks
1522:editions
1362:portable
1275:PC World
1213:through
1059:assembly
913:Terminal
889:Cardfile
727:PC World
691:embedded
661:. (c.f.
522:(GUIs).
366:family:
12039:Live CD
11993:Journal
11957:access,
11955:Storage
11832:Process
11738:vkernel
11605:History
11588:General
11504:Mahjong
11425:Interix
11359:WinHelp
11259:Journal
11249:Imaging
11097:InkBall
10983:DirectX
10946:ActiveX
10934:JScript
10647:Console
10619:Hyper-V
10514:Domains
10338:Taskbar
10311:IFilter
10286:AutoRun
10248:WordPad
10243:Weather
10158:OneNote
10148:Notepad
10071:Cortana
9946:Sysprep
9721:Xamarin
9711:VXtreme
9581:Onfolio
9531:Maluuba
9501:Hotmail
9459:Firefly
9357:Acompli
9227:Windows
9222:_NSAKEY
9107:Estates
8998:Inspire
8974:Company
8922:TechNet
8902:Copilot
8777:Xbox OS
8772:Windows
8747:Servers
8640:Surface
8635:LifeCam
8393:Outline
8388:History
8234:Network
8101:MSX-DOS
7754:Related
7740:Polaris
7735:Odyssey
7730:Neptune
7694:Phone 8
7689:Phone 7
7580:Compact
7390:Pro x64
7370:NT 3.51
7254:History
7065:9to5Mac
6774:TechNet
6683:June 9,
6170:Pro Git
5574:June 2,
5541:May 31,
5388:July 2,
5355:July 2,
5072:. IDG.
4751:May 24,
4721:May 28,
4660:May 21,
3715:ReactOS
3655:NetWare
3593:Windows
3532:Vault 7
3442:malware
3419:updated
3362:Use of
3355:31.63%
3345:64.14%
3031:Various
2933:Various
2324:DirectX
2255:Legend:
2181:Hyper-V
2161:Xbox OS
2013:PowerPC
2003:-based
1923:or the
1906:with a
1691:tablets
1642:taskbar
1448:PowerPC
1440:NetWare
1428:servers
1156:taskbar
957:of the
909:Reversi
901:Notepad
827:Windows
634:Android
550:tablets
535:Android
487:for an
435:windows
416:License
402:Default
348:Itanium
344:PowerPC
222: (
199: (
175: (
151: (
119: (
99: (
11847:Thread
11718:Hybrid
11696:Kernel
11537:
11526:
11499:Hover!
11373:Others
11354:Travel
11349:Syskey
11132:Tinker
11090:Hearts
11018:WinUSB
11003:WinAPI
10988:Native
10799:WinUSB
10724:MinWin
10501:Server
10301:Search
10213:Sports
10183:Photos
10173:People
10051:Camera
9738:Yammer
9701:Vivaty
9631:RiskIQ
9474:GitHub
9434:Danger
9404:Bungie
9389:Azyxxi
9202:Clippy
9081:Gaming
9051:Garage
9034:Mobile
9013:WinHEC
8993:Ignite
8929:GitHub
8800:VB.NET
8725:Office
8670:Studio
8655:Laptop
8402:People
8287:Midori
8282:HomeOS
8260:Others
8241:MS-Net
8159:KIN OS
8142:Mobile
8096:MS-DOS
7588:CE 5.0
7516:Other
7438:Server
7375:NT 4.0
7365:NT 3.5
7360:NT 3.1
7278:-based
7086:"Wine"
6710:
6211:GitHub
6176:
5772:Neowin
5679:
5636:
5450:May 1,
5419:May 1,
4687:
4352:
3733:Wintel
3707:Proton
3470:freeze
3387:iPadOS
3335:0.41%
3325:0.28%
3315:3.05%
3295:0.09%
2570:Cairo
2412:3.00a
2242:Scalar
2068:x86-64
1554:stylus
1548:for a
1436:Novell
1390:kernel
1386:ported
1374:32-bit
1318:, and
1158:, and
1116:, and
1090:MS-DOS
877:MS-DOS
852:, and
740:MS-DOS
630:iPadOS
610:tablet
516:MS-DOS
503:, and
481:server
479:for a
387:MS-DOS
368:Hybrid
355:Kernel
319:x86-64
275:(WSUS)
228:)
205:)
181:)
157:)
125:)
21:Window
12049:Shell
11988:Inode
11465:WinFS
11364:Write
11061:Games
11028:Games
10901:WoW64
10729:NTLDR
10719:LSASS
10652:CSRSS
10459:links
10434:exFAT
10263:Shell
10228:Store
10218:Start
10208:Skype
10163:Paint
10138:Money
10066:Clock
10013:WinRE
9921:Netsh
9859:tools
9848:Games
9726:Xandr
9671:Teleo
9651:Skype
9237:Vista
9056:Press
8988:Build
8956:Store
8892:Azure
8795:BASIC
8752:Start
8730:Teams
8715:Havok
8571:(SVP)
8549:(CPO)
8533:(CLO)
8527:(CTO)
8521:(CFO)
8515:(COO)
8501:(CEO)
8302:Verve
8297:Venus
8277:Cairo
8251:SONiC
8133:Xenix
8121:Z-DOS
8116:DOS/V
7935:Vista
7891:Phone
7859:Vista
7824:Vista
7789:Vista
7774:Vista
7720:Cairo
7607:Other
7402:Vista
7351:Base
6974:eWeek
6907:wired
6842:WIRED
6704:Wired
5804:ZDNet
5595:ZDNet
4836:ZDNet
4803:ZDNet
3695:macOS
3691:Linux
3651:Linux
3647:AGDLP
3520:token
3499:virus
3466:crash
3305:0.4%
2897:11.2
2891:Blue
2851:11.1
2607:9.0c
2582:3.0a
2551:8.0a
2393:2.11
2374:2.03
2343:1.04
2230:Linux
2044:IA-64
2029:IA-32
1815:) or
1358:POSIX
1163:shell
1057:into
921:tiled
917:Write
905:Paint
873:Apple
659:Linux
626:Linux
622:Apple
618:macOS
453:is a
391:VMM32
327:ARM64
315:IA-32
301:.appx
11610:List
11539:List
11420:HPFS
11184:Chat
11142:Apps
11044:Surf
10993:.NET
10961:DCOM
10789:WHEA
10784:USER
10774:SMSS
10564:WSUS
10544:MSMQ
10486:ReFS
10449:NTFS
10424:CDFS
10381:CLFS
10376:BITS
10276:Aero
10253:Xbox
10233:Tips
10121:2022
10106:Maps
10101:Mail
10076:Edge
10028:Apps
9823:APIs
9743:Yupi
9621:Rare
9399:Beam
9207:iLoo
8897:Bing
8837:MVPL
8687:Xbox
8325:List
8174:Zune
8128:OS/2
8079:3.1x
8069:2.1x
8064:2.0x
8059:1.0x
7380:2000
7098:2014
7072:2024
7046:2022
7016:2011
6983:2011
6951:2019
6920:2019
6887:2018
6855:2018
6822:2007
6792:2021
6755:2022
6724:2022
6708:ISSN
6685:2009
6659:2024
6634:2011
6599:2007
6565:2022
6534:2019
6500:2021
6468:2021
6436:2021
6404:2021
6372:2019
6302:2023
6272:2021
6223:2023
6192:2023
6174:ISBN
6151:2017
6117:2021
6087:2023
6056:2023
6025:2023
5904:2013
5874:2013
5848:2014
5817:2021
5784:2021
5753:2021
5723:2021
5693:2021
5677:ISSN
5650:2021
5634:ISSN
5607:2021
5576:2023
5543:2022
5514:2021
5483:2021
5452:2023
5421:2023
5390:2021
5357:2021
5290:2014
5264:2013
5234:2012
5203:2012
5167:2012
5141:2012
5115:2012
5082:2023
5051:2021
5024:2013
4998:2008
4967:2021
4936:2008
4905:2011
4879:2011
4853:2011
4816:2008
4783:2021
4753:2013
4741:CNET
4723:2012
4685:ISBN
4662:2013
4632:2010
4606:2011
4580:2011
4554:2011
4520:2012
4494:2009
4446:2011
4366:2024
4350:ISSN
4325:2008
4299:2008
4273:2017
4229:2023
4199:2024
4173:2023
4134:2014
4101:year
4067:2023
4037:2023
4010:2014
3980:2023
3949:2023
3918:2023
3887:2023
3693:and
3687:UNIX
3677:– a
3675:Wine
3653:and
3497:and
3373:and
3251:edit
3244:talk
3237:view
2943:129
2808:109
2579:SP1
2548:SP2
2523:SP2
2521:5.01
2498:SP1
2496:3.03
2469:2.01
2443:SP2
2441:5.01
2329:Edge
2173:Xbox
2138:and
2117:OEMs
2101:and
2050:and
2021:MIPS
2019:and
1982:and
1973:and
1803:and
1752:and
1699:apps
1664:and
1627:and
1426:and
1382:APIs
1350:OS/2
1340:and
1264:and
1229:and
1199:ACPI
1167:CNET
1047:VxDs
1024:and
973:and
949:and
915:and
798:OEMs
778:and
689:and
632:and
624:and
572:and
548:and
514:for
483:and
437:.com
389:and
357:type
340:MIPS
12066:PXE
12054:CLI
12034:HAL
12024:API
11827:IPC
11319:Pay
11219:Fax
10966:OLE
10941:COM
10924:WSH
10911:API
10672:DLL
10667:EXE
10579:PWS
10559:IIS
10519:DNS
10491:UDF
10479:EFS
10474:TxF
10444:FAT
10439:IFS
10429:DFS
10018:WMI
9566:npm
9008:PDC
9003:MIX
8946:MSN
8805:VBA
8757:Tay
8680:Neo
8675:Duo
8665:Pro
8645:Hub
8074:3.0
7745:10X
7416:8.1
7305:3.1
7300:3.0
7295:2.1
7290:2.0
7285:1.0
7276:DOS
4161:IDG
4092:IDG
3577:CVE
3547:CVE
3536:CIA
3468:or
3383:iOS
2940:12
2762:11
2546:5.5
2214:Git
2153:or
2039:).
2001:x86
1883:or
1832:Git
1830:to
1823:).
1542:DVR
1534:DVD
1438:'s
1346:IBM
750:PDA
687:IoT
640:).
620:by
608:or
576:).
546:PCs
457:of
323:ARM
12083::
11809:,
9836:NT
9831:9x
9242:10
9232:XP
8862:Q#
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