49:
533:
state and posed a threat to the Jin in northern China. The earliest involvement of the Tuoba in the conflict was in 304, when the central and western Tuoba provided reinforcements to Jin against the Han. It was not until after Tuoba Yilu's reunification that they took a more active role in supporting
690:
to launch a campaign against Dai. During the campaign, Tuoba Jin (拓跋斤), the son of Tuoba Gu who resented that he did have the same power as his father after his death, had
Shiyijian and many of his sons assassinated. Former Qin capitalized on the confusion and captured Yunzhong, thus ending the Dai.
562:
Tuoba Yilu and Liu Kun became sworn brothers, and as reward for helping him, Liu Kun petitioned the Jin court to bestow Yilu the title of Duke of Dai. The Tuoba became a vital fighting force for Jin in their war against Han, with Liu Kun being almost entirely dependent on their military strength.
570:
Yilu showed preference towards his younger son, Tuoba Biyan (拓跋比延), which upset his older son, Tuoba Liuxiu (拓跋六脩). In 316, after Liuxiu refused to take orders from his father, Yilu led his troops to attack him but was killed in battle. Dai was thrown into a state of confusion, with its people
651:, who was hostage in Later Zhao, and acclaim him as the new prince. Many of them preferred his other brother, Tuoba Gu (拓跋孤), but Gu personally went to Zhao and brought Shiyijian back to Dai. Shiyijian ascended the throne north of Fanji (繁畤; in present-day
638:
tribe after the Dai chiefs replaced him with Yihuai, but in 335, he was welcomed back and reinstated as Yihuai lost support. Yihuai fled to the Later Zhao, and in 337, he returned to Dai with an army and reclaimed the throne at
Shengle.
662:
During
Shiyijian's reign, the Dai enjoyed a lengthy period of prosperity and reached its peak. Shiyijian set up various new offices to handle separate administrative duties and codified the law. His territory supposedly spanned from the
702:, Tuoba Gui restored his family's state. Though he initially claimed the Prince of Dai title, he changed it to Prince of Wei later that year, and his state would become known in history as the
567:, Yilu sent his forces to successfully reclaim it for him. For his services, the Jin court elevated Yilu's title to Prince of Dai and allowed him to grant offices to his subordinates in 315.
682:
Throughout his rule, he also had to deal with the Tiefu tribe, who vacillated between fealty and hostility towards Dai. Shiyijian repeatedly defeated the Tiefu, but in 376, their chieftain,
675:
in the south to the northern edge of the desert. Shiyijian had an army of 100,000 strong, and in 340, he moved the capital back to
Shengle. He entered into a marriage alliance with the
510:
became chieftain in 294, he decided to split the Tuoba domain into west, central and east between him and his nephews. The split lasted a decade before the western Tuoba chieftain,
614:, whose people referred to Dai at the time as a "queendom" (女國). Heru began exercising power in 324 and moved the capital to Mount Dongmugen (東木根山; northwest of present-day
506:
and subjugated neighbouring tribes to expand his power. The Jin, fearing the Tuoba's growing influence, sowed discord among the tribe's chieftains to weaken them. After
245:
220:
2045:
563:
Shortly after attaining his fief, Yilu forced Liu Kun to grant him five counties north of the mountain ranges. In 312, after Liu Kun lost his capital,
2690:
683:
2724:
48:
591:
as the new prince. During his reign, Yulü further weakened the Tiefu and expanded his territory by conquering the former lands of the
2210:
446:
225:
2729:
2258:
2168:
2392:
2253:
2149:
634:, Tuoba Yulü's son who had escaped the aftermath of his father's death and went into exile. In 329, Hena fled to the
2438:
2273:
694:
Former Qin treated the defeated Tuoba clan kindly, and he allowed
Shiyijian's grandson, Tuoba Gui to live with the
2233:
518:
2744:
2341:
287:
2668:
2663:
1938:
575:
killed Liuxiu and proclaimed himself the new Prince of Dai, but he was unable to quickly resolve the crisis.
303:
407:
2739:
2719:
2248:
587:
succeeded him, he too would die later that same year. Therefore, the chieftains acclaimed his cousin,
2577:
2562:
2407:
2203:
503:
461:. The fief was later promoted from a duchy to a principality in 315. Dai was conquered in 376 by the
698:
in the old Dai territory. In 386, taking advantage of Former Qin's rapid decline that followed the
422:(although it is not listed as one of the 16). It existed from AD 310 to 376, with its capital at
2648:
2313:
543:
2643:
2141:
2135:
539:
450:
63:
2587:
2323:
2196:
21:
647:
Before his death in 338, Tuoba Yihuai ordered his chieftains to welcome back his brother,
8:
2618:
2613:
2268:
2238:
2178:
699:
600:
495:
2673:
862:
584:
2145:
2219:
679:, though relations were tense at times, leading to clashes between the two sides.
419:
399:
338:
2173:
1593:
937:
717:
648:
427:
141:
310:
294:
2734:
2308:
709:
695:
668:
619:
551:
435:
388:
359:
17:
2713:
672:
652:
627:
615:
92:
1442:
877:
588:
2542:
2443:
2433:
2397:
2278:
1576:
1174:
922:
802:
722:
703:
631:
599:
people in the east. However, in 321, he was assassinated by Pugen's widow,
507:
466:
345:
2697:
2653:
2480:
2425:
2387:
1468:
1304:
995:
847:
817:
746:
738:
596:
572:
487:
483:
458:
571:
suspecting and killing one another or fleeing the state. Yilu's nephew,
2567:
2516:
2377:
2359:
2351:
2336:
2263:
2243:
1481:
1455:
1325:
1159:
1146:
907:
892:
832:
772:
757:
687:
676:
623:
611:
604:
511:
462:
442:
238:
129:
75:
71:
67:
626:. In 327, threatened by Later Zhao, Hena shifted the capital again to
2495:
2490:
2415:
2382:
2331:
630:. Throughout his rule, Hena's claim to the throne was challenged by
2658:
2638:
2597:
2592:
2485:
2475:
2303:
2188:
1283:
945:
787:
535:
530:
267:
105:
2633:
2582:
2572:
2532:
2470:
2369:
2295:
564:
547:
522:
499:
491:
454:
423:
415:
85:
20:
in
Northern Yan and Northern Wei during the same period or with
2628:
2623:
664:
656:
526:
431:
2511:
2183:
635:
622:), but he soon died in 325 and was succeeded by his brother,
592:
411:
263:
710:
Chieftains of Tuoba Clan 219–376 (as
Princes of Dai 315–376)
53:
China in 369 CE. Dai is visible at the top of the map.
364:
350:
659:), and he willingly split his domain with Tuoba Gu.
175:• Status upgraded from dukedom to principality
534:Jin. In 310, Tuoba Yilu aided the Jin Inspector of
453:, the Governor of Bingzhou (并州), fight against the
2711:
2691:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms
517:At the time, the Western Jin was undergoing the
583:Tuoba Pugen died shortly after, and while his
2204:
394:and sometimes known in historiography as the
308:
292:
465:, and its descendants later established the
642:
2211:
2197:
445:was appointed the Duke of Dai (代公) by the
47:
2279:Northern Wei's unification of North China
954:
2133:
578:
486:led his people to occupy the abandoned
2712:
595:in the west and the lands west of the
557:
2192:
2140:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1608:
1606:
1592:
1590:
1575:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1478:
1467:
1465:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1403:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1282:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1188:
1173:
1171:
1158:
1156:
1145:
1143:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1078:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
2264:Fu Jian's unification of North China
2218:
962:Tuoba clan of Dai state family tree
610:As regent, Lady Qi submitted to the
2725:Former countries in Chinese history
2127:
13:
2169:List of past Chinese ethnic groups
14:
2756:
2244:Shi Le's conquest of North China
542:, to quell the rebellion of the
449:in 310, as a reward for helping
243:
218:
2234:Upheaval of the Five Barbarians
519:upheaval of the Five Barbarians
441:The name "Dai" originated when
2107:
365:
351:
309:
293:
1:
2120:
2113:No known given name survives.
482:In 258, the Tuoba chieftain,
477:
498:. He became a vassal to the
16:Not to be confused with the
7:
2162:
418:descent, during the era of
88:(310–324, 337–338, 340–376)
10:
2761:
671:in the west, and from the
472:
15:
2730:History of Inner Mongolia
2682:
2606:
2555:
2525:
2504:
2463:
2456:
2424:
2406:
2368:
2350:
2322:
2294:
2287:
2226:
2137:The Empire of the Steppes
1996:
1994:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1823:
1821:
1800:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1657:
1655:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1351:
1349:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1050:
603:, who installed her son,
514:, reunified them in 307.
403:
376:
358:
344:
337:
332:
328:
318:
302:
286:
282:
277:
259:
197:
193:
183:
173:
163:
159:
151:
147:
135:
123:
119:
111:
101:
90:Mount Dongmugen (324–327)
81:
58:
46:
41:
31:
2393:Southern Liang (397–414)
2309:Northern Liang (397–460)
2100:
643:Reign of Tuoba Shiyijian
288:Traditional Chinese
2439:Western Liang (400–421)
2134:Grousset, Rene (1970).
408:dynastic state of China
304:Simplified Chinese
2543:Northern Wei (386–535)
2444:Northern Yan (407–436)
2434:Former Liang (318–376)
2398:Southern Yan (398–410)
2259:Huan Wen's Expeditions
2254:Conquest of Wei by Yan
955:Tuoba clan family tree
185:• Disestablished
22:other states named Dai
2745:376 disestablishments
2481:Western Yan (384–394)
2388:Western Qin (385–431)
2342:Later Liang (386–403)
579:Period of instability
2683:Histories of the Era
2378:Former Yan (337–370)
2360:Later Zhao (319–351)
2337:Former Qin (351–394)
2274:Liu Yu's Expeditions
1475:r. (305–)316; d. 316
927:329–335 and 337–338
912:325–329 and 335–337
467:Northern Wei dynasty
62:Vassal of
2416:Later Qin (384–417)
2383:Later Yan (384–409)
2332:Cheng-Han (304–347)
2269:Battle of Fei River
2239:Disaster of Yongjia
1488:r. 325–329; 335–337
700:Battle of Fei River
667:in the east to the
558:Reign of Tuoba Yilu
502:and its successor,
496:Yunzhong Commandery
447:Western Jin dynasty
165:• Established
24:in Chinese history.
2740:310 establishments
2720:Dynasties of China
2496:Qiao Shu (405–413)
2491:Huan Chu (403–404)
2486:Zhai Wei (388–392)
2304:Han-Zhao (304–329)
1462:r. 321–325; d. 325
1449:r. 316–321; d. 321
1332:r. 295–316; d. 316
1311:r. 295–305; d. 305
1290:r. 293–294; d. 294
1181:r. 294–307; d. 307
1153:r. 277–286; d. 268
612:Later Zhao dynasty
463:Former Qin dynasty
2707:
2706:
2607:Key personalities
2551:
2550:
2533:Chouchi (296–580)
2476:Duan Qi (350–356)
2471:Ran Wei (350–352)
2452:
2451:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
1935:
1615:
1604:
1588:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1333:
1312:
1291:
1182:
1169:
1154:
1141:
1006:
952:
951:
380:
379:
372:
371:
339:Standard Mandarin
273:
272:
255:
254:
251:
250:
231:
230:
2752:
2461:
2460:
2292:
2291:
2220:Sixteen Kingdoms
2213:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2156:
2155:
2131:
2114:
2111:
2050:of Northern Wei
1946:
1931:
1613:
1599:
1582:
1487:
1474:
1461:
1448:
1331:
1310:
1289:
1180:
1165:
1152:
1139:
1001:
968:
967:
959:
958:
727:Period of reign
714:
713:
529:established the
459:Han-Zhao dynasty
420:Sixteen Kingdoms
405:
368:
367:
354:
353:
330:
329:
324:
314:
313:
298:
297:
275:
274:
247:
246:
235:
234:
222:
221:
215:
214:
199:
198:
51:
29:
28:
18:Dai Commanderies
2760:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2678:
2602:
2547:
2521:
2500:
2448:
2420:
2402:
2364:
2346:
2318:
2288:The 16 Kingdoms
2283:
2222:
2217:
2174:Five Barbarians
2165:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2051:
2049:
2047:
1944:
1943:of Northern Wei
1942:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1818:
1816:
1612:
1598:
1596:
1594:Tuoba Shiyijian
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1502:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1471:
1460:
1458:
1447:
1445:
1330:
1328:
1309:
1307:
1288:
1286:
1179:
1177:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1000:
998:
957:
938:Tuoba Shiyijian
718:Posthumous name
712:
649:Tuoba Shiyijian
645:
607:to the throne.
581:
560:
480:
475:
428:Horinger County
382:
381:
322:
319:Literal meaning
266:
244:
219:
186:
176:
166:
142:Tuoba Shiyijian
138:
137:• 338–376
126:
125:• 310–316
97:Fanji (338–340)
96:
91:
89:
54:
37:
34:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2179:Yujiulü Mugulü
2176:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1932:Tuoba Gui 拓拔珪
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1605:
1591:
1589:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1170:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1142:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
964:
963:
956:
953:
950:
949:
943:
940:
935:
931:
930:
928:
925:
920:
916:
915:
913:
910:
905:
901:
900:
898:
895:
890:
886:
885:
883:
880:
875:
871:
870:
868:
865:
860:
856:
855:
853:
850:
845:
841:
840:
838:
835:
830:
826:
825:
823:
820:
815:
811:
810:
808:
805:
800:
796:
795:
793:
790:
785:
781:
780:
778:
775:
770:
766:
765:
763:
760:
755:
751:
750:
744:
741:
736:
732:
731:
728:
725:
720:
711:
708:
686:persuaded the
644:
641:
620:Inner Mongolia
580:
577:
559:
556:
479:
476:
474:
471:
436:Inner Mongolia
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
362:
356:
355:
348:
342:
341:
335:
334:
333:Transcriptions
326:
325:
320:
316:
315:
306:
300:
299:
290:
284:
283:
280:
279:
271:
270:
261:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
241:
232:
229:
228:
223:
211:
210:
205:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
144:
139:
136:
133:
132:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
83:
79:
78:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2757:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2538:Dai (310–376)
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2314:Xia (407–431)
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2153:
2151:0-8135-1304-9
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2088:
2053:
2035:
2033:
1983:
1981:
1941:
1940:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1858:
1856:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1762:
1758:
1745:
1743:
1708:
1696:
1694:
1644:
1642:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1391:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1346:
1344:
1327:
1306:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1262:
1260:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1226:
1210:
1208:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1176:
1161:
1148:
1115:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1027:
1025:
1005:
997:
969:
966:
965:
961:
960:
948:: Jianguo 建國
947:
944:
941:
939:
936:
933:
932:
929:
926:
924:
921:
918:
917:
914:
911:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
894:
891:
888:
887:
884:
881:
879:
876:
873:
872:
869:
866:
864:
861:
858:
857:
854:
851:
849:
846:
843:
842:
839:
836:
834:
831:
828:
827:
824:
821:
819:
816:
813:
812:
809:
806:
804:
801:
798:
797:
794:
791:
789:
786:
783:
782:
779:
776:
774:
771:
768:
767:
764:
761:
759:
756:
753:
752:
748:
745:
742:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
724:
723:Personal name
721:
719:
716:
715:
707:
705:
701:
697:
692:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
673:Yin Mountains
670:
666:
660:
658:
654:
653:Fanshi County
650:
640:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Xinghe County
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
576:
574:
568:
566:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:Bing province
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
426:(near modern
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:ruled by the
409:
401:
397:
393:
390:
386:
375:
363:
361:
357:
349:
347:
343:
340:
336:
331:
327:
321:
317:
312:
307:
305:
301:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
276:
269:
265:
262:
260:Today part of
258:
242:
240:
237:
236:
233:
227:
224:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
196:
192:
188:
182:
178:
172:
168:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
140:
134:
131:
128:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
94:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
50:
45:
40:
30:
23:
19:
2696:
2689:
2537:
2457:Other states
2249:Wei–Zhao War
2136:
2129:
2109:
2096:
1937:
1706:
1609:
1601:
1583:r. 329–335;
1577:Tuoba Yihuai
1494:Tuoba Liuxiu
1175:Tuoba Luguan
1003:
923:Tuoba Yihuai
803:Tuoba Luguan
704:Northern Wei
693:
681:
661:
646:
632:Tuoba Yihuai
609:
582:
569:
561:
516:
508:Tuoba Luguan
481:
440:
395:
391:
384:
383:
346:Hanyu Pinyin
323:State of Dai
208:Succeeded by
207:
202:
2698:Book of Jin
2654:Murong Chui
2563:Jin dynasty
2464:Short-lived
2048:family tree
2046:Tuoba clan
1501:Tuoba Biyan
1469:Tuoba Pugen
1305:Tuoba Yituo
1166:r. 286–293;
996:Tuoba Liwei
848:Tuoba Pugen
818:Tuoba Yituo
749:: Shizu 始祖
747:Temple name
739:Tuoba Liwei
684:Liu Weichen
585:unnamed son
573:Tuoba Pugen
550:chieftain,
504:Western Jin
488:Han dynasty
484:Tuoba Liwei
389:rendered as
226:Western Jin
203:Preceded by
64:Jin Dynasty
2714:Categories
2184:Tuoba clan
2121:References
1482:Tuoba Hena
1456:Tuoba Heru
1443:Tuoba Yulü
1326:Tuoba Yilu
1160:Tuoba Chuo
1147:Tuoba Xilu
934:Zhaocheng
908:Tuoba Hena
893:Tuoba Heru
878:Tuoba Yulü
833:Tuoba Yilu
773:Tuoba Chuo
758:Tuoba Xilu
696:Dugu tribe
688:Former Qin
677:Former Yan
624:Tuoba Hena
605:Tuoba Heru
589:Tuoba Yulü
512:Tuoba Yilu
478:Background
443:Tuoba Yilu
438:, China).
360:Wade–Giles
239:Former Qin
130:Tuoba Yilu
102:Government
76:Former Qin
72:Former Yan
68:Later Zhao
2669:Tuoba Tao
2664:Tuoba Gui
2649:Wang Meng
1815:Tuoba Shi
1614:r./d. 316
735:Shenyuan
406:), was a
396:Tuoba Dai
95:(327–337)
2659:Yao Xing
2639:Huan Wen
2619:Liu Cong
2614:Liu Yuan
2598:Goguryeo
2593:Dingling
2556:Involved
2163:See also
1945:386–409
1585:337–338;
1284:Tuoba Fu
1135:Shamohan
946:Era name
942:338–376
897:321–325
882:316–321
874:Pingwen
837:295–316
822:295–305
807:294–307
792:293–294
788:Tuoba Fu
777:286–293
762:277–286
743:219–277
531:Han-Zhao
490:city of
469:in 386.
414:clan of
268:Mongolia
106:Monarchy
2644:Fu Jian
2634:Ran Min
2583:Xianbei
2573:Xiongnu
2370:Xianbei
2296:Xiongnu
2227:History
2052:dynasty
1934:371–409
1602:338–376
1004:219–277
669:Fergana
601:Lady Qi
565:Jinyang
548:Xiongnu
540:Liu Kun
523:Xiongnu
500:Cao Wei
492:Shengle
473:History
455:Xiongnu
451:Liu Kun
424:Shengle
416:Xianbei
400:Chinese
387:, also
366:Tai-kuo
152:History
86:Shengle
82:Capital
42:310–376
2674:Liu Yu
2629:Shi Hu
2624:Shi Le
2526:States
2505:Tribes
2148:
1819:d. 371
1587:d. 338
1168:d. 293
1140:d. 277
1133:Tuoba
754:Zhang
730:Other
665:Yemaek
657:Shanxi
628:Daning
552:Liu Hu
527:Shanxi
521:. The
432:Hohhot
402::
352:Dàiguó
155:
115:
112:Prince
93:Daning
59:Status
2735:Tuoba
2578:Qiang
2512:Yuwen
2408:Qiang
2101:Notes
1939:Daowu
1597:拓跋什翼犍
1150:拓跋悉鹿
1137:拓跋沙漠汗
904:Yang
863:Tuoba
814:Huan
799:Zhao
769:Ping
636:Yuwen
593:Wusun
544:Tiefu
457:-led
412:Tuoba
264:China
2517:Duan
2146:ISBN
1600:320–
1580:拓跋翳槐
1503:拓跋比延
1496:拓跋六修
1485:拓跋紇那
1472:拓跋普根
1459:拓跋賀傉
1446:拓跋鬱律
1329:拓跋猗盧
1308:拓拔猗㐌
1178:拓跋祿官
1002:174–
999:拓拔力微
919:Lie
889:Hui
867:316
852:316
597:Mohe
2568:Jie
2426:Han
2352:Jie
1817:拓跋寔
1707:???
1610:son
1287:拓跋弗
1163:拓跋綽
829:Mu
784:Si
525:of
494:in
430:of
404:拓跋代
392:Tai
385:Dai
278:Dai
189:376
179:315
169:310
33:Dai
2716::
2588:Di
2324:Di
2144:.
2142:57
859:–
844:–
706:.
655:,
618:,
554:.
538:,
434:,
311:代国
295:代國
74:,
70:,
66:,
2212:e
2205:t
2198:v
2154:.
546:-
398:(
36:代
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
