Cultural appropriation

1890: 7573:'s story is highly irritating from a perspective of cultural hegemony. The Injun elder does not only willingly share their spirituality with the white intruder but, in fact, must come to the conclusion that this intruder is as good an Indian as they are themselves. Regarding Indian spirituality, the Plastic Shaman even out-Indians the actual ones. The messianic element, which Plastic Shamanism financially draws on, is installed in the Yoda-like elder themselves. They are the ones – while melodramatically parting from their spiritual offshoot – who urge the Plastic Shaman to share their gift with the rest of the world. Thus Plastic Shamans wipe their hands clean of any megalomaniac or missionizing undertones. Licensed by the authority of an Indian elder, they now have every right to spread their wisdom, and if they make (quite more than) a buck with it, then so be it.—The neocolonial ideology attached to this scenario leaves less room for cynicism." 1524: 1208: 158: 340: 257: 1021:

Kardashian's name. However, as noted to in Kalled's article, there was immediate outrage from the Japanese community, both located in the US and Japan itself. The controversy reached a point where the mayor of Kyoto at the time sent a letter to Kardashian asking her to reconsider the name, and the celebrity eventually relented. Kalled's article also featured interviews from Japanese citizens concerning the matter, with some feeling confusion and disappointment, while others seemed to dislike the notion of cultural appropriation at all.

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their original cultural context. Opponents view the issues of colonialism, context, and the difference between appropriation and mutual exchange as central to analysing cultural appropriation. They argue that mutual exchange happens on an "even playing field", whereas appropriation involves pieces of an oppressed culture being taken out of context by a people who have historically oppressed those they are taking from and who lack the cultural context to properly understand, respect, or utilise these elements.

1658:, a Japanese character. This was seen as cultural appropriation by some Western fans of the original manga who expected the role to be taken by an Asian or Asian-American actor. However, Japanese fans' reactions ranged from neutral to warm feelings about Scarlett Johansson starring in the film, with some fans expressing the sentiment that it would be better to have an actress with no ties to Asia play the character than to have a non-Japanese Asian pretend to be Japanese. 32: 1949:, as well as the manifestations of their sciences, technologies, and cultures, including human and genetic resources, seeds, medicines, knowledge of the properties of fauna and flora, oral traditions, literatures, designs, sports and traditional games and visual and performing arts. They also have the right to maintain, control, protect and develop their intellectual property over such cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, and traditional cultural expressions. 9218: 110:. When cultural elements are copied from a minority culture by members of a dominant culture, and these elements are used outside of their original cultural context – sometimes even against the expressly stated wishes of members of the originating culture – the practice is often received negatively. Cultural appropriation can include the exploitation of another culture's religious and cultural traditions, dance steps, fashion, symbols, language, and music. 7953: 1816:, referring to them as an example of "object hobbyists" who adopt the material culture of Indigenous peoples of the past ("the vanishing Indian") while failing to engage with contemporary native peoples or acknowledge the history of conquest and dispossession. In the 1950s, the head councilman of the Zuni Pueblo saw a performance and said: "We know your hearts are good, but even with good hearts you have done a bad thing". In 3139:. Accessed 4 March 2015. "Dressing up as 'another culture', is racist, and an act of privilege. Not only does it lead to offensive, inaccurate, and stereotypical portrayals of other people's culture ... but is also an act of appropriation in which someone who does not experience that oppression is able to 'play', temporarily, an 'exotic' other, without experience any of the daily discriminations faced by other cultures." 483: 9242: 149:

different culture or learning about different cultures. Others state that the act of cultural appropriation, usually defined, does not meaningfully constitute social harm or that the term lacks conceptual coherence. Additionally, the term can set arbitrary limits on intellectual freedom and artists' self-expression, reinforce group divisions, or promote a feeling of enmity or grievance rather than of liberation.

9230: 2001:, criticised the concept in 2014, arguing that cultural borrowing and cross-fertilisation are generally positive things and are something which is usually done out of admiration and with no intent to harm the cultures being imitated; he also argued that the specific term "appropriation", which can mean theft, is misleading when applied to something like culture that is inherently not a 2073:(2018), the problem with cultural appropriation necessarily acknowledges a purist conception of culture, it being linked to the building of an monoethnical common identity, which appropriates itself of some rites and traits. He argues that no symbols or traditions minoritarian culture should be denigrated or mocked. But it does open the door to what he calls "historical nonsense". 7826: 1228:, cites Indigenous mascots as an example of dysconscious racism which, by placing images of Native American or First Nations people into an invented media context, continues to maintain the superiority of the dominant culture. It is argued that such practices maintain the power relationship between the dominant culture and the Indigenous culture and can be seen as a form of 447: 243:

modern age, specifically within the United States. She used contemporary examples of cultural appropriation to highlight cases of controversy. In particular, the Washington Redskins of the Nation Football League provided an example that led into a broader conversation regarding the representation of Native Americans when it came to sports mascots.

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argues that when the majority culture attempts to strategically anti-essentialize itself by appropriating a minority culture, it must take great care to recognize the specific socio-historical circumstances and significance of these cultural forms so as not to perpetuate the already existing majority vs. minority unequal power relations.

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people. And, number two, it acknowledges that indigenous cultural expressions are a form of intellectual property and that traditional knowledge is a form of intellectual property, but they are collective resources – so not any one individual can give away the rights to those resources. The tribal nations actually own them collectively.

7818: 2921:. "At the Lakota Summit V, an international gathering of US and Canadian Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations, about 500 representatives from 40 different tribes and bands of the Lakota unanimously passed a 'Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality'. The following declaration was unanimously passed." 5928: 2008:

In 2015, Idrees M. Kahloon published a column in The Harvard Crimson largely calling out how cultural appropriation was identified and debated. One example he pointed to concerning the music, in which he stated the following: "Take music: the most active arena for these largely meaningless criticisms

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by heterosexual people to be inappropriate say that it is patently offensive because it involves members of the dominant culture, who do not experience oppression for their sexual orientation or gender identity, appropriating what they see as the fashionable parts of the terminology and identities of

1751:). In the other direction, gay actors playing straight roles, Andrew Haigh, the writer-director, said, "You rarely see a gay actor applauded for playing straight". Jay Caruso calls these controversies "wholly manufactured" on the grounds that the actors "are playing a role" using the "art of acting". 1244:

against "hostile and abusive" names and mascots that led to the change of many derived from Native American culture, with the exception of those that established an agreement with particular tribes for the use of their specific names. Other schools retain their names because they were founded for the

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In August of 2019, Jes Kalled published an article for Savvy Tokyo regarding Kim Kardashian's clothing line "Kimono", which had been announced in June of the same year. This clothing line was centered around shapewear lingerie, and the use of the word "kimono" seemed to largely be a play on words for

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During the 2023 Southeast Asian (SEA) Games in Cambodia, a controversy emerged when Cambodian martial arts competitions adopted Muay Thai rules, leading to allegations of cultural appropriation. Critics argued that this disrespected Thai cultural heritage and overshadowed Cambodian martial arts like

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due to the belief that some trends commercialise and cheapen the ancient heritage of Indigenous cultures. There is debate about whether designers and fashion houses understand the history behind the clothing they are taking from different cultures, besides the ethical issues of using these cultures'

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garnered negative attention for appropriating and amalgamating styles of Indigenous art into her work. Coleman, who has been accused of "copying and selling Indigenous-style artwork," has described herself as a "translator" of Indigenous art forms, which drew further criticism. In his open letter to

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One need not look far to see that Hollywood often fails to provide both representation of, and employment to, members of marginalized communities. Movements like #OscarsSoWhite, and continued pushback against cisgender actors playing trans roles, have been increasingly covered in media the past few

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In July, TikToker Gracie Norton shared multiple videos of her mixing together a fruity anti-inflammatory drink she called spa water with her more than 500,000 followers.The since-deleted videos caused a stir, especially among Latines on the social network, who responded to Norton's cucumber, water,

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In 2013, pop star Katy Perry drew criticism for her "geisha-style" performance at the American Music Awards, in which she and her backup dancers donned kimonos, heavy powdered face makeup, and colourful parasols, among other East Asian cultural items. Netizens declared Perry's actions appropriative

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The objections from some Native Americans towards such dance teams centre on the idea that the dance performances are a form of cultural appropriation that places dance and costumes in inappropriate contexts devoid of their true meaning, sometimes mixing elements from different tribes. In contrast,

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is not unique to the Americas, the practice of non-Native sports teams deriving team names, imagery, and mascots from Indigenous peoples is still common in the United States and Canada and has persisted in some extent despite protests from Indigenous groups. Cornel Pewewardy, Professor and Director

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The concept of cultural appropriation has also been subject to heavy criticism, debate, and nuance. Critics note that the concept is often misunderstood or misapplied by the general public and that charges of "cultural appropriation" are sometimes misapplied to situations such as trying food from a

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The long-term goal is to actually have a legal system, and certainly a treaty could do that, that acknowledges two things. Number one, it acknowledges that indigenous peoples are people with a right to self-determination that includes governance rights over all property belonging to the indigenous

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intervened, threatening fines and bans for countries participating in the Kun Khmer events under these rules. This prompted Thailand to boycott the SEA Games, further straining relations between the two countries. The popularity of Bokator has been partly influenced by international media, such as

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passed a resolution offering explicit support for FSU's depiction of aspects of Florida Seminole culture and Osceola as a mascot. The university was granted a waiver, citing the close relationship with, and ongoing consultation between, the team and the Florida tribe. In 2013, the tribe's chairman

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For the communities that wear these headdresses, they represent respect, power, and responsibility. The headdress has to be earned, and gifted to a leader in whom the community has placed their trust. When it becomes a cheap commodity anyone can buy and wear to a party, that meaning is erased and

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has used the term "strategic anti-essentialism" to refer to the calculated use of a cultural form outside of one's own to define oneself or one's group. Strategic anti-essentialism can be seen in both minority and majority cultures and is not confined only to the use of the other. However, Lipsitz

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collaborated in 2018 to create the Holi-inspired apparel and shoe line, "Hu Holi." The collection was stated to be a "trivialization of traditions-concepts-symbols-beliefs of Hinduism," according to Raja Zed, president of the Universal Society of Hinduism. The collection included many items which

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The adoption of First Nations' art forms and strong geometric forms was in sympathy with the Arts and Crafts Society's commitment to modernist design but without serious consideration of the ethics of the appropriation of Aboriginal motifs by Western artists. During the 1920s the works of artists

137:" fashion or toys by those from the dominant culture. Kjerstin Johnson has written that, when this is done, the imitator, "who does not experience that oppression is able to 'play', temporarily, an 'exotic' other, without experiencing any of the daily discriminations faced by other cultures". The 1287:

expressed disapproval of "the use of all American Indian sports-team mascots in the public school system, by college and university level and by professional sports teams". Additionally, not all members of the Florida State Seminoles are supportive of the stance taken by their leadership on this

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writes that this is often seen in cultural outsiders' use of an oppressed culture's symbols or other cultural elements, such as music, dance, spiritual ceremonies, modes of dress, speech, and social behaviour, when these elements are trivialised and used for fashion, rather than respected within

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In 2017, Mehgan Gallagher published an article called "The Debate about Cultural Appropriation" for the O'Neill Institute for National & Global Health Law for Georgetown University. In it, Gallagher spoke about what exactly does the debate concerning cultural appropriation entail within the

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Those who see this appropriation as exploitative state that cultural elements are lost or distorted when they are removed from their originating cultural contexts and that such displays are disrespectful or even a form of desecration. Cultural elements that may have deep meaning in the original

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At the Lakota Summit V, an international gathering of US and Canadian Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations, about 500 representatives from 40 different tribes and bands of the Lakota unanimously passed a 'Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality'. The following declaration was

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by the appropriators of cultural appropriation. White rapper Iggy Azalea is criticized for 'affecting a culturally black accent and vernacular and flaunting physical features, like a large rump.' Isn’t loving and respecting the diversity of bodies something that this crowd generally supports?"

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have discussed an "authenticity brand" to ensure consumers are aware of artworks claiming false Aboriginal significance. The movement for such a measure gained momentum after the 1999 conviction of John O'Loughlin for selling paintings that he falsely described as the work of Aboriginal artist

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Such practices may be seen as particularly harmful in schools and universities that have a stated purpose of promoting ethnic diversity and inclusion. In recognition of the responsibility of higher education to eliminate behaviours that create a hostile environment for education, in 2005, the

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ceremonies by non-Natives, and even by tribes who have not traditionally had these ceremonies. They contend that there are serious safety risks whenever these events are conducted by those who lack the many years of training and cultural immersion required to lead them safely, mentioning the

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Another view of cultural appropriation is that calling upon it to criticise is "a deeply conservative project", despite progressive roots, that "first seeks to preserve in formaldehyde the content of an established culture and second tries prevent others from interacting with that culture".

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who adopt a look perceived to be associated with black people, including braided hair, dark skin from tanning or make-up, full lips, and large thighs. Critics argue they take attention and opportunities from black influencers by appropriating their aesthetics and have likened the trend to

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Cultural appropriation can involve the use of ideas, symbols, artifacts, or other aspects of human-made visual or non-visual culture. As a concept that is controversial in its applications, the propriety of cultural appropriation has been the subject of much debate. Opponents of cultural

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and Thai-style jewelry. This trend raises concerns about cultural appropriation. While this phenomenon might stem from admiration, critics argue that it overshadows unique Cambodian sartorial traditions, potentially leading to a decline in the popularity of garments like the Cambodian

6243: 2227:; Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories. Canberra. pp. 268–269: "The intellectual property rights system and the (mis)appropriation of Indigenous knowledge without the prior knowledge and consent of Indigenous peoples evoke feelings of anger, or being cheated" 1245:

education of Native Americans and continue to have a significant number of Indigenous students. The trend towards the elimination of Indigenous names and mascots in local schools has been steady, with two-thirds having been eliminated over the past 50 years, according to the

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said that authors from a cultural majority have a right to write in the voice of someone from a cultural minority, attacking the idea that this constitutes cultural appropriation. Referring to a case in which U.S. college students were facing disciplinary action for wearing

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By calling esquites Mexican street corn, TikTok influencers like @janellerohnerare essentially rebranding the recipe as if it's something newly concocted by the internet. We don't call spaghetti 'Italian sauce noodles,' so why rename this traditional piece of Mexican

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appropriation view many instances as wrongful appropriation when the subject culture is a minority culture or is subordinated in social, political, economic, or military status to the dominant culture or when there are other issues involved, such as a history of

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objected to outsiders meddling in tribal approval, stating that the FSU mascot and use of Florida State Seminole iconography "represents the courage of the people who were here and are still here, known as the Unconquered Seminoles". Conversely, in 2013, the

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In other former colonies in Asia, Africa, and South America, the adoption of Indigenous names for majority Indigenous teams is also found. There are also ethnically related team names derived from prominent immigrant populations in the area, such as the

2940: 1771:(MMIW) crisis. In some cases, theme parties have been held where attendees are encouraged to dress up as stereotypes of a certain racial group. A number of these parties have been held at colleges and at times other than Halloween, including 5240: 326:, and wearing them without regard to their original cultural significance may also be considered appropriation. Critics of the practice of cultural appropriation contend that divorcing iconography from its cultural context or treating it as 230:

Historically, some of the most hotly debated cases of cultural appropriation have occurred in places where cultural exchange is the highest, such as along the trade routes in southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe. Some scholars of the

6239: 1177: – and whether their doing so is cultural appropriation. In 2016 a viral video was published of a young black student arguing with a young white student and accusing him of cultural appropriation. In 2018, white actor 1597:, a renowned Thai martial artist, showcased traditional techniques that have inspired martial arts enthusiasts globally, including in Cambodia. This highlights the complex interplay of cultural pride and appropriation in the region. 6673: 6178: 9517: 3386: 1457:

questions white enthusiasts of black hip-hop culture. Clift's documentary examines "racial and cultural ownership and authenticity – a path that begins with the stolen blackness seen in the success of

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The segmentation in well-defined cultures works the same way as far right leaders in their views of identity and the defence of their nation, that should not include "foreign influences on their national cultures".

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years. Yet the Gay for Pay Problem has not had the same attention, at least in the recent past, as other ways that Hollywood is willing to tell stories from marginalized groups without hiring marginalized people

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The leaders of ancient Israel condemned the adoption of Egyptian and Canaanite practices, especially cutting the hair short or shaving the beard. At the same time, the Old Testament distinguishes the religious

1510:, said blackfishing allowed non-Black people to appropriate what is commonly considered "cool" about Blackness while still avoiding the negative consequences, such as "racism and state violence". According to 5285: 1551:

African Americans have been accused of cultural appropriation by people from Africa. This has been disputed, as members of the diaspora have claimed a link to Africa, but those from Africa have disputed it.

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and sugar blend by calling the drink what it actually is — agua fresca — and her alleged discovery of the so-called "wellness drink" as another example of culinary appropriation and/or food gentrification.

4392: 3248: 2932: 7025: 5588: 5248: 4494: 2046:. According to Appiah, "The key question in the use of symbols or regalia associated with another identity group is not: What are my rights of ownership? Rather it's: Are my actions disrespectful?" 4134: 2971: 3349: 1919:

We assert a posture of zero-tolerance for any "white man's shaman" who rises from within our own communities to "authorize" the expropriation of our ceremonial ways by non-Indians; all such "

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the dance teams state that " goal is to preserve Native American dance and heritage through the creation of dance regalia, dancing, and teaching others about the Native American culture".

6955: 3885: 6487: 6635: 5781: 1875:], the clothes and the sound of gay culture, without the laugh riot of gay-bashing, teen shame, adult shame, shame-shame, and the internalized homophobia of lived gay experience. 9649: 5418: 4187: 2525: 3724: 3378: 6518: 3950: 5554: 117:

of the originating cultures, and some of those who have lived or are living under colonial rule. According to some critics of the practice, cultural appropriation differs from

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members whose acts of "cultural exploitation... dehumanize us as an indigenous Nation because they imply our culture and humanity, like our land, is anyone's for the taking".

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For someone who is homosexual and queer, a straight person identifying as queer can feel like choosing to appropriate the good bits, the cultural and political cache [

5495: 4679: 3448: 1889: 7607: 5128: 4461: 1820:, religious objects and practices are only for those who have earned the right to participate, following techniques and prayers that have been handed down for generations. 1767:. There have been public protests calling for the end to the manufacture and sales of these costumes and connecting their "degrading" portrayals of Indigenous women to the 1544:. Although woke adherents would advocate vigilance against cultural appropriation, white people using the term may paradoxically be considered to be adopting an element of 9287: 5158: 4430: 113:

Cultural appropriation is considered harmful by various groups and individuals, including some Indigenous people working for cultural preservation, those who advocate for

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disrespected, and Native peoples are reminded that our cultures are still seen as something of the past, as unimportant in contemporary society, and unworthy of respect.

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risks offending people who venerate and wish to preserve their cultural traditions. A term among Irish people for someone who imitates or misrepresents Irish culture is

7717: 2715: 8839: 7753: 7633: 7200: 5681: 3858: 3805: 3478: 2863: 2771: 466:, etc., that people growing up as Hindus report being bullied for in their past, and even the present. For some members of the South Asian community, the wearing of a 6786: 458:(a religion originating from South Asia) religious practices, coining them with the umbrella term of "spirituality". These were practices, including the usage of the 6150: 5967: 5098: 4623: 4572: 1017:. However, Cambodia also grapples with ensuring the accuracy of its own cultural representations, as evidenced by efforts to regulate costume rentals at Angkor Wat. 6577: 5277: 959:

of the Anglican Church said that the crucifix is "now just a fashion statement and has lost its religious meaning". Crucifixes have been incorporated into Japanese

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subcultures during the 1950s and 1980s due to both its practicality and its association with the British upper class. During the same period, the British comedian

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usually consider it disrespectful and offensive when someone who has not earned the right to wear one dons an authentic or imitation headdress, whether as part of

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are sacred ceremonial items earned by people of high status in a traditional tribal society, much like military medals. People from cultures who have this sacred

3530: 3281: 1324:. The concept has been documented in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and other white-majority countries. An early form of this was the 7362: 3085: 2548:

On imitation Native headdresses as "the embodiment of cultural appropriation ... donning a highly sacred piece of Native culture like a fashion accessory".

6606: 4400: 3240: 4876: 3556: 3183: 2664: 1450:). The term may be used by white people to belittle those perceived as acting black and by black people to belittle those perceived as mocking black culture. 7505:"Can Straight People Be Queer? – An increasing number of young celebrities are labeling themselves 'queer.' But what does this mean for the queer community?" 6116: 7022: 5580: 4484: 7309: 4718: 1613:

in a tokenistic fashion aimed at non-Gaelic speakers on signage and announcements has been criticised as disrespectful to fluent speakers of the language.

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by members of another culture or identity in a manner perceived as inappropriate or unacknowledged. This can be especially controversial when members of a

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Lindtner, S.; Anderson, K.; Dourish, P. (11–15 February 2012). "Cultural appropriation: information technologies as sites of transnational imagination".

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In a general sense, these rights are considered to be 'owned', and managed communally, or collectively, rather than inhering in particular individuals.

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Online platforms, economic integration and Europe's rent-seeking society: Why online platforms deliver on what EU governments fail to achieve PDF Logo

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prohibited the wearing of sombreros to parties on campus in the belief that these could offend Mexican students, a move that was widely criticised.

9280: 7852: 6919: 4999: 4203: 3209: 7149: 5488:"'A crucifix is now just a fashion statement and has lost religious meaning'Welby | VirtueOnline – The Voice for Global Orthodox Anglicanism" 5349: 687:

dresses. Moreover, this obsession with Orientalism was visible in how one company named its passenger shipping line "The Orient Line". During the

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Rogers, Richard A. (1 November 2006). "From Cultural Exchange to Transculturation: A Review and Reconceptualisation of Cultural Appropriation".

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dismissed the concept of cultural appropriation, stating that it is ridiculous to demand of writers that they not "write beyond own culture".

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Artist Carey Newman stressed the importance of artists being accountable within the Indigenous communities as the antidote to appropriation.

219:" had been explored earlier, such as in "Some General Observations on the Problems of Cultural Colonialism" by Kenneth Coutts‐Smith in 1976. 7691: 7118: 1968:(NARF), board member Professor Rebecca Tsosie stresses the importance of these property rights being held collectively, not by individuals: 9332: 9253: 6628: 5773: 4902: 1560:

In China, there is longstanding resentment of the Japanese schools of karate for stealing, imitating, and claiming credit for the forms of

6274: 5410: 3126: 1689:. Some in the gay community have expressed concerns about the use of straight actors to play gay characters; this occurs in films such as 840:

activists and socialists denounced the wearing of scarves not made in Palestine as a form of cultural appropriation but encouraged fellow

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described cultural appropriation as a positive thing and dismissed opposition to it as a product of some people's desire to be offended.

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Longwell-Grice, Robert; Hope Longwell-Grice (2003). "Chiefs, Braves, and Tomahawks: The Use of American Indians as University Mascots".

4173: 3615: 2535: 621:. Tartan rapidly became a desirable material for dresses, waistcoats, and cravats across the Western world as part of process known as " 7567:

Europe's Indians, Indians in Europe: European Perceptions and Appropriations of Native American Cultures from Pocahontas to the Present

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However, cultures have never been completely defined, as they have inspired from one and another, and have thus enriched their own.

7787: 7536: 7251: 215:. The term became widespread in the 1980s in discussions of post-colonial critiques of Western expansionism, though the concept of " 6554: 5487: 4675: 3440: 1237: 403:

movement frequently adopts spiritual ideas and practices from non-Western cultures; according to York, these may include "Hawaiian

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scene, often implying the imitation is being done badly, although usually with sincerity rather than mocking intent. Wigger is a

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Since the early 2000s, it has become increasingly popular for people not of East Asian or South Asian descent to get tattoos of

1008:," which depicts the Ayutthaya Kingdom era, has sparked a trend of Cambodians adopting traditional Thai clothing, including the 9700: 9695: 9386: 6819: 5218: 2827: 2318: 6846: 5895: 5380:"(This is a link to the photo of Karlie Kloss wearing a Native American headdress during the Victoria's Secret Fashion show.)" 4239: 9381: 6402: 5961: 5864: 5689: 5062: 4840: 4751: 4712: 4617: 4566: 4527: 3963:

Bonus brownie points if you're inventive with your cultural appropriation e.g. green eyeshadow, green dyed hair, green suits.

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of another culture and its use for purposes that are unintended by the original culture or even offensive to that culture's

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argued that appropriation and the "fetishizing" of cultures, in fact, alienate those whose culture is being appropriated.

9725: 9344: 5720: 4010: 3503: 2566: 2357: 1541: 1380: 836:, experts made a clear distinction between wearing a genuine scarf and wearing a cheaper, inauthentic one made in China. 5641: 4830: 2225:

Approaches to bioregional planning. Part 2. Background Papers to the conference; 30 October – 1 November 1995, Melbourne

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argue that Ottoman and Egyptian architectural traditions have long been falsely claimed and praised as Persian or Arab.

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Arrowsmith, Aidan (1 April 2000). "Plastic Paddy: Negotiating Identity in Second-generation 'Irish-English' Writing".

3828: 3526: 3271: 291:; people not from the originating culture wearing jewellry or fashion that incorporates religious symbols such as the 9720: 9685: 7933: 7894: 7235: 6339: 4804: 4041: 3080: 1803: 1366:

described the phenomenon of white, middle-class kids who were "wannabe Blacks". The year 2005 saw the publication of

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by non-Christians in a cultural context that is distinct from its original meaning as a Christian religious symbol.

9619: 7655: 7339: 6240:"Wiggers just wannabe black: White middle-class kids are adopting black street style and chilling out to rap music" 4868: 4786:, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS52089601/TTDA?u=tall85761&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=b1657280. Accessed 27 Apr. 2023. 4318:

Hobson, G. (1978). "The Rise of the White Shaman as a New Version of Cultural Imperialism". In Hobson, Gary (ed.).

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Muqarnas Volume XII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1995. Retrieved 3 January 2010.

3548: 3175: 2125: 1961: 1946: 1938: 993:, a turban is worn by both men and women as a symbol of piety, honour, and spirituality, however, many people from 114: 6112: 1278:. After the NCAA attempted to ban the use of Native American names and iconography in college sports in 2005, the 393: 9680: 9675: 9041: 6757: 3075: 1908: 7305: 4702: 8480: 7389: 7278: 6982:

Mueller, Jennifer (11 April 2007). "Unmasking Racism: Halloween Costuming and Engagement of the Racial Other".

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Who Owns Culture?: Appropriation and Authenticity in American Law (Rutgers Series: The Public Life of the Arts)

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The term "blackfishing" was popularised in 2018 by writer Wanna Thompson, describing female white social media

861: 540: 3103:

Julayinbul: Aboriginal Intellectual and Cultural Property Definitions, Ownership and Strategies for Protection

7504: 7057: 5742: 3976: 3767: 3634: 3016: 408: 6888: 6480:"A White Teen Is Denying She Is "Posing" As A Black Woman On Instagram After Followers Said They Felt Duped" 454:

From 2020 to the present, there has been a persistent issue regarding the white adoption and convolution of

9046: 8285: 8031: 6090: 4369: 2223:(1996). "Making things work: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Involvement in Bioregional Planning" in 1983: 909:

Both Victoria's Secret and Kloss issued apologies stating that they had no intentions of offending anyone.

6670:"the Feet of the Master: Three Stages in the Appropriation of Okinawan Karate Into Anglo-American Culture" 6361: 5611: 3417: 1576:

gained popularity in the 21st century, practitioners have appropriated and combined Chinese, Japanese and

1090:

of the Native American tribe of the same name to intimidate their enemies. These were later worn by 1950s

648:

By the 19th century, the object of fascination among Europeans had shifted to Asian cultures. Regency-era

9512: 9128: 7428: 6059:

Riley, Angela (2005). "Straight Stealing: Towards an Indigenous System of Cultural Property Protection".

5989:

Pewewardy, Cornel (1999). "From enemy to mascot: The deculturation of Indian mascots in sports culture".

4924: 3746: 2996: 1965: 1691: 1442:

it is usually viewed as offensive. Wigger may be derogatory, reflecting stereotypes of African American,

1284: 54: 7394:, "Beyond Boundaries", An International Conference on Sexuality, University of Amsterdam, archived from 6911: 4991: 1904:

are seen as an exploitative form of colonialism and one step in the destruction of Indigenous cultures.

645:

who were not of Scottish descent. In the 21st century, tartan remains ubiquitous in mainstream fashion.

9705: 8571: 8388: 8238: 7141: 4209: 1772: 1642: 1349: 981:. Thousands of members from the Sikh community shared anger and disappointment that the brand had used 598: 356:

advocated the use of Indigenous Australian motifs in contemporary art. In 2017, Canadian visual artist

5021: 3304: 2025:. Yet that's what we're paid to do, isn't it? Step into other people's shoes, and try on their hats." 9183: 8616: 8046: 8041: 8036: 6209: 5188: 3587: 3527:

On 'appropriation'. A critical reappraisal of the concept and its application in global art practices

2964:"Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights – Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Appropriation" 1978: 1739: 1517: 1312:

The phenomenon of white people adopting elements of black culture has been prevalent, at least since

1297: 1279: 1253: 1225: 735: 204: 5804: 4338: 1523: 9234: 9143: 9133: 9036: 8834: 8535: 5411:"Beyoncé criticised for 'cultural appropriation' in new music video with Coldplay and Sonam Kapoor" 2175: 1545: 1388: 1005: 837: 802: 58: 7110: 3859:

Music Festival Is Banning Cultural Appropriation, aka Hipsters Wearing Native American Headdresses

2237: 660: 9578: 9469: 8954: 8214: 8184: 8118: 8103: 5241:"Topshop pulls festival playsuit from sale after row comparing it to Palestinian keffiyeh design" 4178: 2275: 1263: 512: 6394:

Why White Kids Love Hip Hop: Wankstas, Wiggers, Wannabes, and the New Reality of Race in America

6266: 4898: 4257: 1368:

Why White Kids Love Hip Hop: Wangstas, Wiggers, Wannabes, and the New Reality of Race in America

50: 8889: 8636: 8505: 8353: 8346: 8098: 8026: 4034:

Transglobal Fashion Narratives: Clothing Communication, Style Statements and Brand Storytelling

3379:"Lionel Shriver's full speech: 'I hope the concept of cultural appropriation is a passing fad'" 3122: 3026:". Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes; No. 95. World Bank, Washington, DC. Accessed 18 April 2019. 1734: 1675: 379:

Many Native Americans have criticized what they deem to be the cultural appropriation of their

6721:

https://www.yahoo.com/news/muay-thai-kun-khmer-cambodia-thailand-2023-sea-games-134700933.html

6392: 5052: 4741: 4517: 3710:

Technoliteracy, Discourse, and Social Practice: Frameworks and Applications in the Digital Age

1494:"is used both proudly and derisively to describe white enthusiasts of black hip-hop culture". 1360:

of the 1970s, and the hip hop of the 1980s and 1990s. In 1993, an article in the UK newspaper

1207: 186: 9363: 9158: 9076: 8949: 8773: 8651: 8596: 8586: 8576: 8450: 8306: 8258: 8148: 8113: 7990: 7970: 7926: 6511:"Some White Influencers Are Being Accused of "Blackfishing", or Using Makeup to Appear Black" 6072: 6006: 4183: 2571: 1942: 1841: 1071:

to conceal his baldness. Like many other French fashions, these were quickly appropriated by

1039:

from cultures, such as the Egyptians, where the practice had aesthetic or practical purposes.

566:

were inspired by Ottoman, Indian, and Persian attire acquired by wealthy European travelers.

563: 517: 510:

without consent, acknowledgement, or compensation. According to Minh-Ha T. Pham, writing for

507: 122: 5441: 2416: 9474: 9153: 9123: 9031: 9021: 8959: 8939: 8868: 8661: 8646: 8606: 8500: 8133: 8128: 7783: 7718:"We need to talk about cultural appropriation: why Lionel Shriver's speech touched a nerve" 7172: 6912:"Latest Gay-for-Pay Oscar Bait: Dear Hollywood, Let queer people tell our own damn stories" 4156:

Byard, RW (26 September 2005). "Dehydration and heat-related death: sweat lodge syndrome".

2483: 2440: 2279: 2100: 2042:, said that the term cultural appropriation incorrectly labels contemptuous behaviour as a 2035: 1622: 1568:

disapproved of teaching kung fu to non-Chinese students. In the mid-20th century, Japanese

1498: 1443: 1275: 1229: 1151:), often without knowing the actual meaning of the symbols being used. In 2000, footballer 929: 875: 810: 778: 606: 594: 440: 295:, or wearing items of deep cultural significance and status that must be earned, such as a 216: 7662:

European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights. 29 July 2000. Retrieved 3 January 2010.

6179:"Florida State's Unusual Bond with Seminole Tribe Puts Mascot Debate in a Different Light" 4645: 4393:"Celebrity bindis at Coachella: Fashion trend or cultural appropriation? – Your Community" 3582: 1700: 211:

s earliest citation for the phrase was a 1945 essay by Arthur E. Christy, which discussed

8: 9583: 9417: 9401: 9014: 9004: 8999: 8929: 8819: 8804: 8691: 8681: 8656: 8591: 8566: 8520: 8460: 8368: 8268: 8248: 8164: 8143: 8083: 7839:

The magazine's Ethicist columnist on who should be allowed to find their "spirit animals.

7544: 7255: 6433: 4011:"Aboriginal Motifs In Design: Frances Derham And The Arts And Crafts Society Of Victoria" 2054: 1998: 1901: 1776: 1719: 1626: 1258: 1212: 1181:

was accused of cultural appropriation, when he posted a picture of himself in dreadlocks.

1140: 676: 157: 20: 8581: 7450: 7173:"Rites of Passage, Routes of Redemption: Emancipation Tourism and the Wealth of Culture" 6544: 5919:"Zac Efron wore his hair in dreadlocks and he's being accused of cultural appropriation" 1379:(common spelling "wigga") is a slang term for a white person who adopts the mannerisms, 9573: 9339: 9327: 9163: 9096: 8944: 8904: 8824: 8686: 8666: 8621: 8611: 8601: 8561: 8490: 8465: 8435: 8415: 8410: 8378: 8280: 8078: 8063: 8058: 8053: 7985: 7975: 7956: 7671: 7643:, No. 170. Australian Institute of Criminology. October 2000. Retrieved 3 January 2010. 7583: 7192: 7079: 6999: 5469: 4300: 3923: 3689: 3681: 3512: 2910: 2751: 2740:

CSCW '12: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work

2603: 2408: 2095: 1907:

The results of this appropriation of Indigenous knowledge have led some tribes and the

1705: 1685: 1651: 1573: 1144: 1113: 978: 971: 921: 896: 849: 467: 319: 6578:"Exhibit A Bill Maher: Why White People Should Stop Using The Term 'Woke'…Immediately" 1370:

by Bakari Kitwana, "a culture critic who's been tracking American hip hop for years".

339: 256: 9568: 9558: 9548: 9533: 9265: 9246: 9091: 8984: 8974: 8809: 8746: 8741: 8641: 8631: 8626: 8445: 8440: 8425: 8420: 8405: 8400: 8383: 8373: 8358: 8331: 8321: 8233: 8226: 8209: 7890: 7423: 7231: 7196: 6669: 6398: 6068: 6041: 5998: 5957: 5473: 5461: 5442:"The impact of cultural appropriation on destination image, tourism, and hospitality" 5121:"World Keffiyeh Day in Solidarity with Palestine #keffiyehday – Event – Arab America" 5058: 4836: 4747: 4708: 4613: 4562: 4523: 4277: 4232: 4161: 4108: 4047: 4037: 3927: 3714: 3693: 3673: 3154: 3042: 2803: 2793: 2703: 2699: 2635: 2610: 2487: 2444: 2412: 2400: 1837: 1813: 1512: 1301: 944: 708: 642: 586: 265: 99: 6309: 3537:; published in Social Anthropology (2003), 11:2:215–229, Cambridge University Press. 2997:

Special System for the Collective Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples

943:, has been imitated and incorporated into fashion globally. For example, pop artist 9320: 9222: 9108: 9061: 9009: 8989: 8964: 8899: 8856: 8814: 8778: 8761: 8751: 8726: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8540: 8495: 8485: 8341: 8326: 8263: 8204: 8169: 8108: 8073: 8068: 7995: 7980: 7919: 7184: 7050:"Protesters call for end to 'hottie' Native American costumes based on stereotypes" 7003: 6991: 6033: 5887: 5860: 5453: 4269: 3915: 3665: 2755: 2743: 2695: 2392: 2349: 2302: 2220: 2170: 2130: 1791: 1167: 1117: 1109: 1087: 986: 833: 634: 502: 490: 353: 103: 7224: 5856: 362: 9588: 9464: 9198: 9193: 9118: 8979: 8934: 8924: 8851: 8846: 8783: 8756: 8731: 8701: 8696: 8676: 8671: 8455: 8430: 8363: 8221: 7889:(1st ed.). United States of America: Harvard University Press. p. 204. 7678: 7659: 7637: 7611: 7591: 7029: 6950: 3893: 3889: 3865: 3753: 3534: 3507: 3130: 3089: 3023: 3003: 2918: 2477: 2434: 2180: 2090: 1893: 1763:, some people buy, wear, and sell Halloween costumes based on cultural or racial 1714: 1655: 1647: 1610: 1435: 1384: 1362: 1341: 1220: 1112:, it was popular in the West to get tribal tattoos appropriated from African and 1102: 1043: 107: 7023:

13 Racist College Parties That Prove Dear White People Isn't Exaggerating At All

6429:"'Blacking Up' documentary questions white enthusiasts of black hip-hop culture" 6010: 4966: 2716:"Should white chefs sell burritos? A Portland food cart's revealing controversy" 2307:

North Carolina Central University Science & Intellectual Property Law Review

1188:

get tattoos in those languages, often not understanding what their tattoos mean.

343:

Costume is worn by an attendee of Saint Patrick's Day parade in Dublin, Ohio, US

9563: 9479: 9310: 8994: 8919: 8914: 8884: 8863: 8788: 8721: 8545: 8525: 8088: 8005: 7749: 7570: 7142:"I'm Roma, and your Halloween Gypsy Costume is More Trick Than Treat | Opinion" 6732: 6448: 5774:"Lost in Translation: Tattoos and Cultural Appropriation – Sociological Images" 5712: 5273: 3337: 3135: 2303:"Indigenous Appropriation and Protection Provided by Intellectual Property Law" 2120: 2043: 2029: 2013: 1994: 1954: 1920: 1857: 1808: 1670: 1475: 1459: 1357: 1293: 1185: 1001:, found it "offensive" and "irresponsible" for a white model wearing a turban. 960: 891: 578: 551: 536: 528: 389: 366: 349: 292: 232: 223: 138: 6995: 6026:

NASPA Journal (National Association of Student Personnel Administrators, Inc.)

4273: 4051: 3919: 2807: 2396: 2381:"Cultural Tariffing: Appropriation and the Right to Cross Cultural Boundaries" 2021:

to a "tequila party", she said: "The moral of the sombrero scandals is clear:

1540:

among white people has been highlighted as problematic since it originates in

9669: 9654: 9538: 9434: 9203: 9188: 9173: 9148: 9138: 9066: 9026: 8894: 8766: 8530: 8510: 8475: 8395: 8336: 8316: 8301: 8275: 8189: 8138: 6045: 6002: 5465: 4281: 3677: 2707: 2404: 2110: 2105: 1783:

costumes despite Romani people experiencing everyday racism and stereotypes.

1780: 1729: 1590: 1471: 1467: 1396: 1337: 1321: 1152: 1136: 1099: 1095: 1047: 883: 762: 758: 699:, although the dresses were frequently made by seamstresses in America using 618: 590: 574: 332: 236: 118: 6746:

https://asianmma.com/sea-games-told-to-choose-either-muay-thai-or-kun-khmer/

2747: 614: 9593: 9168: 9113: 9101: 9086: 9056: 8969: 8909: 8515: 8199: 8179: 8174: 8123: 7722: 6037: 4489: 3800: 3747:"Ethnic Identity and Cultural Appropriation in Early Ottoman Architecture." 3276: 2787: 2195: 2155: 2140: 2066: 2050: 1710: 1696: 1662: 1638: 1439: 1317: 1083: 1076: 1057: 1032: 956: 879: 818: 742: 731: 688: 657: 602: 486: 411: 384: 178: 7754:"Cultural-appropriation outrage shows people are desperate to be offended" 6335: 4796: 2789:

DESIGNED FOR DANCING : how midcentury records taught america to dance

2421: 1661:

People in the transgender community have protested against the casting of

1075:

courtiers in England and the rest of Europe, to the extent that men often

809:. The country clothing, in turn, was appropriated by the wealthy American 168:, a clothing the Cossacks appropriated from the indigenous peoples of the 9553: 9427: 9178: 9081: 9051: 8736: 8194: 8093: 8000: 7692:"The Near Myth of Cultural Appropriation | Opinion | The Harvard Crimson" 7569:. University Press of America, 2007: p.132. "What happens further in the 7395: 7188: 5923: 5312: 3241:"An American woman wearing a Chinese dress is not cultural appropriation" 2190: 2135: 1817: 1748: 1479: 1447: 1430: 1400: 1333: 1072: 1051: 806: 790: 750: 680: 668: 570: 380: 357: 315: 273: 212: 126: 7652: 7331: 3685: 3500: 2353: 1794:

and marketing it to African American tourists as an "African festival".

516:, accusations of cultural appropriation are often defended, instead, as 352:, Allan Lowe, Olive Nock borrowed or copied Aboriginal motifs. In 1930, 9634: 9543: 8243: 8021: 7853:"Booker winner Bernardine Evaristo writes off 'cultural appropriation'" 7509: 6549: 4081: 2185: 2165: 1939:

right to maintain, control, protect and develop their cultural heritage

1764: 1680: 1163: 1128: 998: 727: 722:

peasant class, was adapted from an earlier hat which was introduced by

555: 323: 308: 300: 296: 261: 7407:; most papers cite these two as their entry point into the discussion. 6820:"Sunday Talk: The panel discusses whitewashing in film and television" 5657:"The #KimOhNo Conversation: How Do Japanese People Feel About It Now?" 5457: 3305:"Cultural Appropriation: Don't Let the Woke Scolds Ruin Cinco de Mayo" 3043:"Current Issues in Intellectual Property Rights to Cultural Resources" 2933:"Hopis say Boy Scout performances make mockery of tradition, religion" 913: 9396: 9071: 8470: 4131:"Open letter accuses non-Indigenous artist of cultural appropriation" 3669: 3501:'Going Native' in the Caucasus: Problems of Russian Identity, 1801–64 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2341: 2115: 1953:

In 2015, a group of Native American academics and writers stated the

1790:

has been accused of cultural appropriation in adopting the Caribbean

1760: 1744: 1724: 1666: 1577: 1503: 1463: 1345: 1271: 1203:

List of sports team names and mascots derived from Indigenous peoples

1178: 1174: 1064: 871: 853: 822: 798: 793:

clothing of the English, Irish and Scottish peasantry, including the

754: 723: 704: 696: 672: 559: 532: 443:

exploiting intellectual and cultural property of Indigenous peoples.

419: 142: 134: 125:, or equal cultural exchange in that this appropriation is a form of 5211:"On the Keffiyeh, Palestine, Solidarity, and Cultural Appropriation" 4165: 3441:"Why Progressives Are Wrong to Argue Against Cultural Appropriation" 3123:

Don't Mess Up When You Dress Up: Cultural Appropriation and Costumes

3006:

at World Intellectual Property Organization. Accessed 18 April 2019.

1856:

by cisgender, heterosexual individuals has been highly contested by

970:

designers were criticised for sending white models for a catwalk at

667:

within their own houses. Subsequently, Victorian-era gentlemen wore

16:

Adoption of culture and cultural identity perceived as inappropriate

6946:"Playing it straight: Should gay roles be reserved for gay actors?" 3660:

Hutchinson, John; Hiller, Susan (1992). "The Myth of Primitivism".

3342:"You Can't 'Steal' A Culture: In Defense of Cultural Appropriation" 2018: 2002: 1606: 1594: 936: 925: 887: 829: 794: 715: 653: 626: 622: 554:

was derived from a scarf worn by Croatian mercenaries fighting for

459: 455: 428: 169: 7049: 5750: 2856:"How TikTok Is Messing With Latinx Food, and Why It Needs to Stop" 2828:"I Almost Choked On My Agua Fresca When I Learned About Spa Water" 2551: 482: 272:

A common example of cultural appropriation is the adoption of the

9650:

Stereotypes of Indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States

9644: 9639: 7942: 6297:

Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers

6023: 4519:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture

4454:"Is This The Right Way For Fashion To Do Cultural Appropriation?" 1580:

techniques with Western-style boxing, wrestling, and kickboxing.

1561: 1392: 1353: 1313: 1267: 1171: 990: 982: 975: 867:

Several fashion designers and models have featured imitations of

857: 845: 770: 746: 719: 649: 547: 436: 400: 304: 161: 95: 7363:"Katy Perry's 'Geisha-Style' Performance Needs to Be Called Out" 6086: 4797:"Teddy girls – Teddy girl a member of youth subculture in 1950s" 1042:

During the early 16th century, European men imitated the short,

805:

worn for sports such as hunting or fishing, in imitation of the

8253: 6881:"Is Hollywood Guilty of Cultural Appropriation in its Casting?" 6089:. The United States Commission on Civil Rights. 13 April 2001. 2271: 2005:, and therefore is not taken away from anyone by imitating it. 1569: 1487: 1486:". A review of the documentary refers to the wiggers as "white 1483: 1409: 1375: 1166: – a hairstyle many associate with African and 1132: 1121: 1036: 1014: 948: 848:

made in the Herbawi factory to demonstrate solidarity with the

841: 814: 684: 664: 638: 582: 494: 471: 432: 404: 327: 165: 7819:"I'm an Art Therapist. Am I Guilty of Cultural Appropriation?" 5713:"Ear stretching: Why is lobe 'gauging' growing in popularity?" 4297:"Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality" 4174:"2 seeking spiritual enlightenment die in new-age sweat lodge" 765:

dress associated with Mexican women was appropriated from the

251: 7306:"The Koshares and the Appropriation of Native American Dance" 4869:"Is cultural appropriation the bogeyman it's made out to be?" 4109:"Appropriating "Aboriginal" Australian Art in the Atomic Age" 3549:"Is cultural appropriation the bogeyman it's made out to be?" 3017:

Cultural Heritage and Collective Intellectual Property Rights

2345: 1861: 1787: 1415: 1156: 1148: 1054: 1024: 994: 967: 774: 766: 726:

during the 18th century. This, in turn, was adapted into the

700: 692: 523: 463: 299:, without having earned the right. Authentic Native American 277: 6603:"Between Diasporic Consciousness and Cultural Appropriation" 4743:

The Social Life of Kimono: Japanese Fashion Past and Present

3516:, vol. 67, no. 2, 2008, pp. 275–295. Accessed 27 April 2020. 2911:

Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality

2657:"Cultural Appropriation: The Act of Stealing and Corrupting" 1913:

Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality

1586:

The International Federation of Muaythai Associations (IFMA)

1184:

In Scotland and Ireland, non-speakers of Scottish Gaelic or

314:

Copying iconography from another culture's history, such as

7053: 6758:"Muay Thai or Kun Khmer? Cambodia and Thailand clash again" 6449:"Blackfishing: The women accused of pretending to be black" 5612:"Here's why Sikhs were offended by this $ 790 Gucci turban" 4485:"Why We Should Stop Talking About "Cultural Appropriation"" 4423:"Is Cultural Appropriation in Fashion Offensive? Part – II" 4258:"New Age Commodification and Appropriation of Spirituality" 3796:"This means war: why the fashion headdress must be stopped" 1849: 1565: 1536: 1329: 1091: 1009: 940: 917: 7911: 6772:"Combined "Kun Khmer (Muay)" for 32nd SEA Games draw ires" 5180: 4587: 2764:"Midcentury Dance Records and Representations of Identity" 1852:, or defined as "non-heterosexual", this appropriation of 1585: 1527:

White protestors in 2018 carrying placards using the term

5891: 5313:"Owning Red: A Theory of Indian (Cultural) Appropriation" 4949:"The Cowboys", from Time Life The Old West series. (1973) 3883:

Pharrell, Harry Styles, and Native American Appropriation

3829:"Cultural Appropriation and the Plains' Indian Headdress" 3074:

Working Group on Indigenous Populations, accepted by the

1871: 1068: 9610:

Contemporary Native American issues in the United States

7456:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

5311:

Riley, Angela R.; Carpenter, Kristen A. (1 April 2016).

5278:"The Benefits of Cultural Sharing are Usually One-Sided" 4832:

The Cowboy at Work: All about His Job and how He Does it

745:

was copied from the work attire of 19th-century Mexican

446: 7279:"Appropriation (?) of the Month: The Boy Scout Shalako" 5547:"Gucci accused of culturally appropriating Sikh turban" 4676:"Underneath the 'Orientalist' kimono – The Japan Times" 4609:

The Old West in Fact and Film: History Versus Hollywood

2737: 1923:" are enemies of the Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota people. 1747:

playing the role of the real-life gay rights activist,

1336:

scenes of the 1920s and 1930s, as examined in the 1957

781:, who arrived from Asia from the 17th century onwards. 9295: 6733:"Energy Ministry closely monitoring electricity costs" 6336:"wigger – definition of wigger by The Free Dictionary" 5581:"Gucci criticised for putting turbans on white models" 5051:

Bronner, Simon J.; Clark, Cindy Dell (21 March 2016).

3210:"To the new culture cops, everything is appropriation" 2632:

Odd Tribes: Toward a Cultural Analysis of White People

2379:

Oshotse, Abraham; Berda, Yael; Goldberg, Amir (2024).

1506:. Florida State University's Alisha Gaines, author of 613:(1831) leading the Scottish tartan industry to invent 7681:

BBC News. 28 November 2003. Retrieved 3 January 2010.

5642:"Angkor vendors of Khmer costumes must be 'accurate'" 4899:"Is anyone at UEA really that offended by sombreros?" 3092:; UN Headquarters; New York City (13 September 2007). 2762:

Borgerson, Janet; Schroeder, Jonathan (21 May 2021).

7816: 7782: 4031: 3943:"How to be as a plastic paddy this St Patrick's day" 2378: 844:

and progressively minded non-Muslim students to buy

703:

rather than genuine silk. At the same time, teenage

691:

fad of the 1950s, white women frequently donned the

7788:"Should I Tell My Aunt That Her Costume Is Racist?" 6362:"Metroactive News & Issues – The Word 'Nigger'" 5831:"why that tribal tattoo won't work in a woke world" 4032:Peirson-Smith, Anne; Hancock, Joseph, eds. (2018). 3272:"What Does 'Cultural Appropriation' Actually Mean?" 1900:Among critics, the misuse and misrepresentation of 1050:and Roman statues. The curled hair favoured by the 7223: 6545:"What Is Blackfishing and Why Would Anyone Do It?" 6447:Virk, Kameron; McGregor, Nesta (5 December 2018). 5743:"Cultural appropriation of Japanese tattoos, 2008" 5350:"Victoria's Secret apologizes for using headdress" 4225:"Editorial: Dying to experience native ceremonies" 4106: 3009: 2785: 2761: 2602: 1911:to issue several declarations on the subject. The 625:". In the United States, plaid flannel had become 7498: 7496: 7494: 7303: 7139: 7111:"'We're a culture, not a costume' this Halloween" 6787:"Tokenism in Gaelic: the Language of Appeasement" 6542: 6172: 6170: 6168: 5805:"Tattooists own goal leaves Beckham a marked man" 4704:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Cigars, 2nd Edition 4322:. Albuquerque: Red Earth Press. pp. 100–108. 3706: 3105:. Rainforest Aboriginal Network. Cairns. Page 65. 2970:. Parliament of Australia – Social Policy Group. 2060: 2023:you're not supposed to try on other people's hats 1572:was itself appropriated by American soldiers. As 1455:Blacking Up: Hip-Hop's Remix of Race and Identity 952:contained leather, a violation of Hindu beliefs. 94:is the adoption of an element or elements of one 9667: 6136: 6134: 5151:"Keffiyeh makers in Hebron turn to social media" 4362:"New York Apparel » Cultural Appropriation" 3659: 3576: 3574: 2989: 1683:played the role of a trans woman named Rayon in 1673:played the role of artist Lili Elbe in the film 1446:, and white culture (when used as a synonym for 7641:Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice 5982: 5888:"Is it OK for white people to have dreadlocks?" 3977:"Raise a glass, thank the Irish on Paddy's Day" 3081:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2315:North Carolina Central University School of Law 2216: 2214: 2212: 1930:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 1162:There is debate about non-black people wearing 501:Cultural appropriation is controversial in the 7491: 7276: 6165: 5885: 5310: 3790: 3788: 2786:Borgerson, Janet; Schroeder, Jonathan (2021). 1836:Some heterosexual individuals controversially 1508:Black for a Day: Fantasies of Race and Empathy 1004:The popularity of the 2018 Thai period drama " 392:in 1996, 2002, 2004, and several high-profile 9281: 7927: 6847:"Japanese Fans React to 'Ghost in the Shell'" 6131: 5886:Wilson, Emma; Wendling, Mike (2 April 2016). 5054:Youth Cultures in America [2 volumes] 4295:Mesteth, Wilmer; et al. (10 June 1993). 3580: 3571: 2955: 2161:Politics of food in the Arab-Israeli conflict 1865:those who are oppressed for their sexuality. 1848:is generally defined either as a synonym for 1589:Tony Jaa's portrayal of martial arts in the " 695:to give the impression that they had visited 39:The examples and perspective in this article 7559: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6543:Washington-Harmon, Taylyn (17 August 2020). 6446: 6210:"Like the old Florida flag: 'Let us alone!'" 5518:"Japan's Lolita Style Cutesy and Disturbing" 5050: 4288: 3471:"Canada's war over 'cultural appropriation'" 3332: 3330: 3269: 3263: 2209: 1896:dressed up in Native American outfits (1909) 1420:and the related term wangsta is a mashup of 372: 9630:Native American mascot laws and regulations 7605:Protect He Sapa, Stop Cultural Exploitation 5268: 5266: 4824: 4822: 4476: 4311: 4240:"Sweat lodge incident 'not our Indian way'" 4123: 4036:. United Kingdom: Intellect Books Limited. 3785: 3635:"Cultural appropriation – Oxford Reference" 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 2146:Passing as African American and other races 1989: 1669:actors in trans acting roles, such as when 1307: 860:caused controversy by selling Chinese-made 252:Art, literature, iconography, and adornment 9288: 9274: 7934: 7920: 7584:Article On The 'Lakota Declaration of War' 7443: 6874: 6872: 6659:Wing Chun Bil Jee, by William Cheung, 1983 5710: 4390: 3940: 3934: 3905: 3899: 3653: 3581:Connor Martin, Katharine (29 March 2018). 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3095: 2924: 2905: 2903: 2887: 2885: 2230: 1025:Hairstyles, makeup, and body modifications 882:wore one during her walk on the runway; a 601:. This was spearheaded by writers such as 524:From the 17th century to the Victorian era 7850: 7653:"The Aboriginal Arts 'fake' controversy." 7620:. 14 July 2015. Accessed 24 November 2015 7576: 7084:Students Teaching About Racism in Society 7044: 7042: 7010: 6970: 6814: 6812: 6176: 6115:. National Congress of American Indians. 5988: 5802: 5711:McClatchey, Caroline (21 November 2011). 5574: 5572: 5446:Thunderbird International Business Review 5344: 5342: 4069:. Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria: 8. 3875: 3768:"The Debate About Cultural Appropriation" 3765: 3519: 3438: 3336: 3327: 3070: 3068: 3036: 3034: 3032: 2930: 801:were adopted by the upper classes as the 757:, which was adapted into the embroidered 609:, with Logan's romantic nationalist work 260:A model wears a Native American-inspired 77:Learn how and when to remove this message 7748: 7716:Convery, Stephanie (15 September 2016). 7529: 7502: 7449: 7416: 7388:Smith, Clyde (29 July – 1 August 1997), 7270: 7108: 6423: 6421: 5541: 5539: 5305: 5303: 5263: 5091:"The last keffiyeh factory in Palestine" 4819: 4332: 3851: 3820: 3540: 3203: 3201: 3108: 2629: 2526:"'I Didn't Know' Doesn't Cut It Anymore" 2519: 2517: 2515: 1888: 1797: 1522: 1262:called an unusual move, approved of the 1206: 1159:. Beckham does not have Indian heritage. 1116:, as well as earlobe piercings known as 527: 481: 474:can be seen as cultural appropriation. 445: 439:." The movement has faced criticism for 338: 255: 156: 7817:Kwame Anthony Appiah (17 August 2021). 7715: 7597: 7254:. Yale University Press. Archived from 7221: 7109:Grinberg, Emanuella (26 October 2011). 6981: 6869: 6390: 5854: 5439: 4992:"Irish Cultural Society of San Antonio" 4451: 4294: 4222: 4201: 4082:"The Application Of Aboriginal Designs" 4079: 4008: 3613: 3364: 3148: 2909:Mesteth, Wilmer, et al (10 June 1993) " 2900: 2891: 2882: 2825: 1831: 1650:, provoked disputes over whitewashing. 1060:was also inspired by the classical era. 311:or as a costume or fashion statement. 115:collective intellectual property rights 9668: 7880: 7878: 7360: 7304:Robert Desjarlait (15 December 2015). 7039: 6878: 6809: 6538: 6536: 6508: 6246:from the original on 25 September 2015 6207: 6079: 5949: 5916: 5654: 5603: 5578: 5569: 5498:from the original on 28 September 2022 5408: 5339: 4879:from the original on 22 September 2018 4739: 4515: 4317: 4208:, Indian Country Today, archived from 4065:Derham, Frances (June 1929). "Cover". 4064: 3153:. 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Clift's documentary 1438:and, especially, when used by 1: 9701:Criticism of multiculturalism 9696:Concepts in social philosophy 9492:San Diego State Aztec Warrior 9392:Original Americans Foundation 7336:Nawakwa Dance & Drum Team 6267:"Why White Kids Love Hip Hop" 6143:"Osceola At The 50-Yard Line" 6113:"Anti-Defamation and Mascots" 4829:Ward, Fay E. (27 June 1987). 2244:. Australia. 20 August 2003. 2202: 1812:by Native American historian 1516:, it is an "inverse form" of 989:for profit. Traditionally in 825:throughout his performances. 633:and was widely worn by white 541:his visit to Scotland in 1822 431:and yoga, Chinese Feng Shui, 264:while campaigning to support 222:Cultural and racial theorist 9047:Culture and social cognition 8032:Cross-cultural communication 7369:. The Atlantic Monthly Group 6312:. 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" 1773:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 1620: 1478: – up to 1196: 599:Scottish national identity 477: 287:tribal names or images as 18: 9716:Intellectual property law 9602: 9526: 9505: 9452: 9423:name and logo controversy 9410: 9362: 9355: 9333:name and logo controversy 9304:Professional sports teams 9303: 9212: 9184:Transformation of culture 8877: 8797: 8617:Cultural environmentalism 8554: 8294: 8157: 8047:Cross-cultural psychology 8042:Cross-cultural psychiatry 8037:Cross-cultural leadership 8014: 7963: 7949: 7590:February 9, 2016, at the 7485:Oxford English Dictionary 6996:10.1007/s11133-007-9061-1 6414:– via Google Books. 6338:. Thefreedictionary.com. 5079:– via Google Books. 4857:– via Google Books. 4784:The Times Digital Archive 4768:– via Google Books. 4729:– via Google Books. 4634:– via Google Books. 4583:– via Google Books. 4561:. 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Before the 1970s, most 1298:Notre Dame Fighting Irish 1280:Seminole Tribe of Florida 1254:Seminole Tribe of Florida 1226:Portland State University 1192: 1082:American soldiers during 1063:During the 17th century, 749:, especially the pointed 736:University of East Anglia 373:Religion and spirituality 205:Oxford English Dictionary 9721:Linguistic controversies 9686:Concepts in epistemology 9144:Living things in culture 9134:Intercultural competence 9037:Culture and menstruation 8536:Trans-cultural diffusion 7582:Taliman, Valerie (1993) 7419:"The Queer Heterosexual" 6696:"Japanisation of Karate" 4015:La Trobe Library Journal 2340:Bauer, Matthias (2018). 2268:"cultural appropriation" 2176:Racial misrepresentation 1990:Criticism of the concept 1637:, which is based on the 1546:African-American culture 1389:African American culture 1356:of the 1950s–1960s, the 1308:African American culture 838:Palestinian independence 821:was known for wearing a 803:British country clothing 19:Not to be confused with 9470:Florida State Seminoles 8955:Cultural homogenization 8185:Individualistic culture 8119:Popular culture studies 8104:Intercultural relations 7887:The people vs Democracy 7636:11 January 2016 at the 7183:(3, Fall 2002): 47–76. 7036:. Accessed 4 March 2015 5579:Petter, Olivia (2018). 4746:. Bloomsbury Academic. 4366:Macaulay Honors College 4179:San Francisco Chronicle 4111:. retrospect. p. 9 3525:Schneider, Arnd (2003) 2968:Parliament of Australia 2962:Davis, Michael (1997). 2917:9 February 2016 at the 2892:Scafidi, Susan (2005). 2748:10.1145/2145204.2145220 2276:Oxford University Press 2238:"A right royal rip-off" 2071:The People vs Democracy 1609:, the use of incorrect 1395:, and, in Britain, the 1264:Florida State Seminoles 9681:Concepts in aesthetics 9676:Cultural appropriation 9615:Cultural appropriation 9506:Youth and school teams 8890:Archaeological culture 8637:Cultural globalization 8506:Organizational culture 8354:Cultural communication 8312:Cultural appropriation 8099:Intercultural learning 8027:Cross-cultural studies 7885:Mounk, Yascha (2018). 7610:March 3, 2016, at the 6038:10.2202/0027-6014.1255 5950:McEwan, Emily (2016). 5610:Kaur, Harmeet (2018). 4593: 3888:April 9, 2016, at the 3129:June 29, 2015, at the 2049:Upon winning the 2019 1975: 1951: 1925: 1915:includes the passage: 1897: 1877: 1814:Philip J. Deloria 1735:Philip Seymour Hoffman 1531: 1216: 907: 832:became popular in the 789:In Britain, the rough 585:, was appropriated by 543: 498: 451: 344: 269: 268:in the workplace, 2015 173: 92:Cultural appropriation 9497:List of college teams 9440:Golden State Warriors 9377:Name change advocates 9159:Participatory culture 8950:Cultural evolutionism 8774:Multiracial democracy 8652:Cultural intelligence 8597:Cultural conservatism 8587:Cultural backwardness 8577:Cultural assimilation 8451:Cultural reproduction 8307:Cultural appreciation 8259:Far-right subcultures 8149:Transcultural nursing 8114:Philosophy of culture 7991:Cultural neuroscience 7971:Cultural anthropology 7677:11 April 2016 at the 7658:20 April 2012 at the 7028:May 18, 2016, at the 6984:Qualitative Sociology 6061:Washington Law Review 4782:, 1 Aug. 1890, p. 3. 4184:Hearst Communications 3385:. 13 September 2016. 3151:Black Popular Culture 2572:Sydney Morning Herald 2484:John Wiley & Sons 2441:John Wiley & Sons 1970: 1943:traditional knowledge 1935: 1917: 1892: 1867: 1798:Dance and performance 1526: 1274:horse as the mascots 1210: 1155:received a tattoo in 997:community, including 902: 671:based on the Islamic 564:Charles II of England 531: 518:cultural appreciation 508:intellectual property 485: 449: 409:Australian Aboriginal 342: 259: 160: 9475:Osceola and Renegade 9154:Oppositional culture 9124:Emotions and culture 9032:Cultural sensibility 9022:Cultural translation 8960:Cultural institution 8940:Cultural determinism 8662:Cultural nationalism 8647:Cultural imperialism 8607:Cultural deprivation 8501:Non-material culture 8134:Sociology of culture 8129:Semiotics of culture 7784:Kwame Anthony Appiah 7603:Estes, Nick; et al " 7565:Wernitznig, Dagmar, 7189:10.1353/at.2003.0026 6214:The Seminole Tribune 5772:Pages, The Society. 5753:on 30 September 2016 4972:on 21 September 2018 4875:. 21 December 2015. 4427:The University Times 4335:"Hindus and Kubrick" 4320:The Remembered Earth 4303:on 9 February 2016. 4235:on 6 September 2012. 3908:Irish Studies Review 3864:May 7, 2016, at the 3752:13 June 2006 at the 3745:Ousterhout, Robert. 3533:3 March 2016 at the 3088:26 June 2015 at the 2937:Santa Fe New Mexican 2688:Communication Theory 2419:on 21 February 2024. 2101:Cultural imperialism 2061:Are cultures "pure"? 2036:Kwame Anthony Appiah 1921:plastic medicine men 1832:Gender and sexuality 1692:Call Me by Your Name 1623:Whitewashing in film 1276:Osceola and Renegade 1230:cultural imperialism 930:Hymn for the Weekend 878:in 2012, when model 779:Catarina de San Juan 663:and frequently wore 595:romantic nationalism 441:cultural imperialism 217:cultural colonialism 59:create a new article 51:improve this article 41:may not represent a 9402:Washington Redhawks 9364:Washington Redskins 9005:Culture speculation 9000:Cultural relativism 8930:Cultural competence 8820:Cultural Christians 8692:Cultural Revolution 8682:Cultural radicalism 8657:Cultural liberalism 8592:Cultural Bolshevism 8567:Consumer capitalism 8521:Relational mobility 8461:Cultural technology 8369:Cultural dissonance 8286:Culture by location 8249:Alternative culture 8165:Constructed culture 8144:Theology of culture 8084:Cultural psychology 8064:Cultural entomology 7786:(21 January 2020). 7547:on 21 December 2016 7086:. Ohio University. 7056:. 25 October 2018. 6954:. 14 January 2019. 6434:The Washington Post 6366:www.metroactive.com 6183:The Washington Post 5778:thesocietypages.org 4901:. 7 February 2016. 4801:subcultureslist.com 4652:. 7 November 2008. 4458:The Huffington Post 4429:. 2 November 2013. 4372:on 24 November 2018 4360:McAuliffe, Alanna. 4306:unanimously passed. 4158:Forensic Science SA 2720:The Washington Post 2221:Fourmile, Henrietta 2069:states in his book 2055:Bernardine Evaristo 1999:Columbia University 1902:indigenous cultures 1885:Indigenous cultures 1777:Black History Month 1627:Color-blind casting 1617:Film and television 1213:Washington Redskins 979:religious headpiece 677:turn-of-the-century 652:adapted the Indian 587:Scottish Lowlanders 581:, most prominently 187:Linda Martín Alcoff 21:Appropriation (art) 9574:Mary Kathryn Nagle 9340:Kansas City Chiefs 9328:Chicago Blackhawks 9164:Permission culture 9097:Disability culture 9077:Children's culture 8945:Cultural diversity 8905:Circuit of culture 8687:Cultural retention 8667:Cultural pessimism 8622:Cultural exception 8612:Cultural diplomacy 8602:Cultural contracts 8562:Colonial mentality 8491:Manuscript culture 8466:Cultural universal 8436:Cultural pluralism 8416:Cultural landscape 8411:Cultural invention 8379:Cultural framework 8281:Vernacular culture 8079:Cultural mediation 8059:Cultural economics 8054:Cultural analytics 7986:Cultural geography 7976:Cultural astronomy 7823:The New York Times 7792:The New York Times 7696:www.thecrimson.com 6851:Hollywood Reporter 6797:on 16 January 2017 6760:. 25 January 2023. 6735:. 3 February 2023. 6605:. 3 October 2015. 5282:The New York Times 4650:newhumanist.org.uk 4246:, 14 October 2009. 4244:Quad-Cities Online 4205:Selling the sacred 3947:The Nottingham Tab 3513:The Russian Review 3506:2021-06-03 at the 3499:Mamedov, Mikail. " 3022:2019-04-18 at the 3002:2019-04-18 at the 2096:Cultural diffusion 1979:Aboriginal artists 1898: 1842:queer heterosexual 1786:The government of 1706:Brokeback Mountain 1686:Dallas Buyers Club 1652:Scarlett Johansson 1643:Ghost in the Shell 1634:Ghost in the Shell 1574:mixed martial arts 1532: 1352:of the 1940s, the 1217: 1114:Polynesian culture 1077:shaved their heads 972:Milan fashion week 912:In 2016, pop star 897:The New York Times 850:Palestinian people 777:maidservants like 709:Asian conical hats 683:Japanese-inspired 675:, and fashionable 544: 499: 452: 427:ceremonies, Hindu 390:deaths or injuries 345: 320:Chinese characters 270: 198:Academic discourse 174: 9706:Cultural concepts 9663: 9662: 9569:Jacqueline Keeler 9559:Suzan Shown Harjo 9549:Stephanie Fryberg 9534:Amanda Blackhorse 9448: 9447: 9418:Cleveland Indians 9382:Trademark dispute 9263: 9262: 9092:Death and culture 8985:Cultural movement 8975:Cultural literacy 8835:Eastern Orthodoxy 8747:Dominator culture 8742:Deculturalization 8642:Cultural hegemony 8632:Cultural genocide 8627:Cultural feminism 8446:Cultural property 8441:Cultural practice 8426:Cultural leveling 8421:Cultural learning 8406:Cultural industry 8401:Cultural identity 8384:Cultural heritage 8374:Cultural emphasis 8359:Cultural conflict 8332:Cultural behavior 8322:Cultural artifact 8234:Primitive culture 8210:Political culture 7629:James, Marianne. 7473:(2009), volume 1. 7424:The Village Voice 7171:Hasty, J (2002). 7080:"Poster Campaign" 6791:Scottish Language 6437:, 30 January 2010 6404:978-0-465-03747-6 6295:Bernstein, Nell: 6265:Kitwana, Bakari. 5963:978-0-9950998-0-7 5682:"Audiophile Life" 5458:10.1002/tie.22068 5276:(2 August 2015). 5157:. 1 August 2011. 5095:middleeasteye.net 5064:978-1-4408-3392-2 4842:978-0-8061-2051-5 4753:978-1-4725-8552-3 4714:978-1-101-19857-5 4619:978-0-7864-9311-1 4568:978-0-7456-5753-0 4529:978-1-57607-800-6 4238:Hocker, Lindsay. 3720:978-1-60566-843-7 3420:on 20 August 2019 3160:978-1-56584-459-9 2799:978-0-262-04433-2 2641:978-0-8223-3584-9 2616:978-1-84310-936-5 2493:978-1-4443-3271-1 2450:978-1-4443-3271-1 1960:In writing about 1701:Timothée Chalamet 1695:(straight actors 1548:inappropriately. 1302:Minnesota Vikings 1252:In contrast, the 1170:cultures such as 1086:appropriated the 945:Pharrell Williams 876:Victoria's Secret 724:Spanish colonists 611:The Scottish Gael 414:, South American 266:body modification 108:minority cultures 106:appropriate from 87: 86: 79: 61:, as appropriate. 9733: 9527:Change advocates 9435:Edmonton Eskimos 9372:Name controversy 9360: 9359: 9345:name controversy 9321:Chief Noc-A-Homa 9290: 9283: 9276: 9267: 9266: 9244: 9243: 9232: 9231: 9220: 9219: 9109:Drinking culture 9062:Culture industry 9010:Cultural tourism 8990:Cultural mulatto 8965:Cultural jet lag 8900:Cannabis culture 8857:Cultural Muslims 8779:Pluriculturalism 8762:Multiculturalism 8752:Interculturalism 8727:Culture minister 8717:Cultural Zionism 8712:Cultural subsidy 8707:Cultural silence 8582:Cultural attaché 8541:Transculturation 8496:Material culture 8486:Interculturality 8342:Cultural capital 8327:Cultural baggage 8264:Youth subculture 8205:Official culture 8170:Dominant culture 8109:Internet culture 8074:Cultural mapping 8069:Cultural history 7996:Cultural studies 7981:Cultural ecology 7955: 7954: 7936: 7929: 7922: 7913: 7912: 7901: 7900: 7882: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7834: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7803: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7688: 7682: 7669: 7663: 7650: 7644: 7627: 7621: 7601: 7595: 7580: 7574: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7543:. 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Archived from 3405: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3375: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3340:(15 July 2014). 3334: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3205: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3146: 3140: 3119: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3072: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3038: 3027: 3013: 3007: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2979: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2928: 2922: 2907: 2898: 2897: 2889: 2880: 2879: 2873: 2871: 2862:. The Take Out. 2851: 2845: 2843: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2759: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2711: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2608: 2598: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2562: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2538:on 19 April 2015 2534:. Archived from 2521: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2430: 2424: 2420: 2415:. Archived from 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2278:. Archived from 2264: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2234: 2228: 2218: 2171:Racial fetishism 2131:Multiculturalism 2012:In 2016, author 2003:limited resource 1792:Emancipation Day 1593:" movie series. 1436:people of colour 1387:associated with 1215:logo in Maryland 1168:African diaspora 1088:Mohawk hairstyle 1044:regular haircuts 987:religious symbol 603:Sir Walter Scott 503:fashion industry 491:Camille Doncieux 354:Margaret Preston 318:tribal tattoos, 210: 164:man wearing the 104:dominant culture 82: 75: 71: 68: 62: 34: 33: 26: 9741: 9740: 9736: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9731: 9730: 9666: 9665: 9664: 9659: 9598: 9589:Charlene Teters 9522: 9501: 9465:Chief Illiniwek 9444: 9406: 9351: 9299: 9294: 9264: 9259: 9208: 9199:Western culture 9194:Welfare culture 9119:Eastern culture 8980:Cultural mosaic 8935:Cultural critic 8925:Cultural center 8873: 8847:Cultural Hindus 8793: 8784:Polyculturalism 8757:Monoculturalism 8732:Culture of fear 8702:Cultural safety 8697:Cultural rights 8677:Cultural racism 8672:Cultural policy 8550: 8456:Cultural system 8431:Cultural memory 8364:Cultural cringe 8290: 8222:Popular culture 8153: 8089:Cultural values 8010: 7959: 7945: 7940: 7910: 7905: 7904: 7897: 7883: 7876: 7866: 7864: 7849: 7845: 7832: 7830: 7815: 7811: 7801: 7799: 7781: 7777: 7767: 7765: 7758:Chicago Tribune 7750:Goldberg, Jonah 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7714: 7710: 7700: 7698: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7679:Wayback Machine 7670: 7666: 7660:Wayback Machine 7651: 7647: 7638:Wayback Machine 7628: 7624: 7612:Wayback Machine 7602: 7598: 7592:Wayback Machine 7581: 7577: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7501: 7492: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7468: 7464: 7448: 7444: 7434: 7432: 7415: 7411: 7401: 7399: 7398:on 8 March 2016 7386: 7382: 7372: 7370: 7359: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7302: 7298: 7288: 7286: 7275: 7271: 7261: 7259: 7258:on 30 June 2016 7250: 7249: 7245: 7238: 7220: 7216: 7206: 7204: 7169: 7165: 7155: 7153: 7138: 7134: 7124: 7122: 7107: 7103: 7093: 7091: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7048: 7047: 7040: 7030:Wayback Machine 7020: 7011: 6980: 6971: 6961: 6959: 6951:TheGuardian.com 6944: 6943: 6939: 6925: 6923: 6908: 6904: 6894: 6892: 6891:on 21 July 2018 6877: 6870: 6860: 6858: 6843: 6839: 6829: 6827: 6818: 6817: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6783: 6779: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6744: 6740: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6719: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6679: 6677: 6668: 6667: 6663: 6658: 6654: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6586: 6584: 6574: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6541: 6534: 6524: 6522: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6476: 6472: 6462: 6460: 6445: 6441: 6426: 6419: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6397:. Basic Books. 6389: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6345: 6343: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6319: 6317: 6308: 6307: 6303: 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6206: 6202: 6192: 6190: 6175: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6139: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6057: 6053: 6022: 6018: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5964: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5915: 5911: 5901: 5899: 5884: 5880: 5870: 5868: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5801: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5770: 5766: 5756: 5754: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5709: 5705: 5695: 5693: 5692:on 19 June 2013 5686:Audiophile Life 5680: 5679: 5675: 5665: 5663: 5653: 5649: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5577: 5570: 5560: 5558: 5545: 5544: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5407: 5403: 5393: 5391: 5384:gannett-cdn.com 5378: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5348: 5347: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5308: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5274:Keene, Adrienne 5271: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5224: 5222: 5221:on 12 June 2017 5209: 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5125:arabamerica.com 5119: 5118: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5065: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5005: 5003: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4934: 4932: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4880: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4843: 4827: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4754: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4715: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4620: 4604: 4600: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4569: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4530: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4341:on 3 March 2016 4331: 4327: 4316: 4312: 4293: 4289: 4254: 4250: 4237: 4221: 4215: 4213: 4212:on 24 July 2012 4200: 4193: 4191: 4170: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4078: 4074: 4063: 4059: 4044: 4030: 4026: 4007: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3973: 3969: 3956: 3954: 3939: 3935: 3904: 3900: 3894:The Daily Beast 3890:Wayback Machine 3880: 3876: 3866:Wayback Machine 3856: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3794: 3793: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3764: 3760: 3754:Wayback Machine 3744: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3721: 3705: 3701: 3658: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3633: 3632: 3625: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3579: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3545: 3541: 3535:Wayback Machine 3524: 3520: 3508:Wayback Machine 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3477:. 25 May 2017. 3469: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3377: 3376: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3346:The Daily Beast 3338:McWhorter, John 3335: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3214:Washington Post 3206: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3147: 3143: 3131:Wayback Machine 3120: 3109: 3100: 3096: 3090:Wayback Machine 3073: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3039: 3030: 3024:Wayback Machine 3014: 3010: 3004:Wayback Machine 2994: 2990: 2977: 2975: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2929: 2925: 2919:Wayback Machine 2908: 2901: 2890: 2883: 2869: 2867: 2852: 2841: 2839: 2834:. Refinery 29. 2824: 2817: 2815: 2800: 2792:. : MIT Press. 2784: 2777: 2775: 2760: 2736: 2729: 2727: 2712: 2684: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2661:Huffington Post 2653: 2649: 2642: 2628: 2624: 2617: 2599: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2563: 2552: 2541: 2539: 2522: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2494: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2451: 2431: 2427: 2377: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2338: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2299: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2219: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2181:Romantic racism 2091:Crossover music 2086: 2063: 1992: 1894:White Americans 1887: 1882: 1834: 1800: 1757: 1715:Jake Gyllenhaal 1676:The Danish Girl 1656:Motoko Kusanagi 1648:Masamune Shirow 1629: 1621:Main articles: 1619: 1611:Scottish Gaelic 1603: 1558: 1391:, particularly 1363:The Independent 1342:The White Negro 1310: 1259:Washington Post 1221:marginalisation 1205: 1195: 1103:punk subculture 1094:musicians like 1027: 869:Native American 807:Prince of Wales 787: 734:. In 2016, the 714:In Mexico, the 629:by the time of 562:popularised by 526: 480: 375: 285:Native American 254: 249: 208: 200: 155: 83: 72: 66: 63: 48: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9739: 9729: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9661: 9660: 9658: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9606: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9597: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9564:Adrienne Keene 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9530: 9528: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9515: 9509: 9507: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9483: 9482: 9480:Sammy Seminole 9477: 9467: 9462: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9431: 9430: 9425: 9414: 9412: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9368: 9366: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9337: 9336: 9335: 9325: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9311:Atlanta Braves 9307: 9305: 9301: 9300: 9293: 9292: 9285: 9278: 9270: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9257: 9250: 9238: 9226: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9105: 9104: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9018: 9017: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8995:Cultural probe 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8920:Cross-cultural 8917: 8915:Coffee culture 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8885:Animal culture 8881: 8879: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8849: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8807: 8801: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8789:Transculturism 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8770: 8769: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8722:Culture change 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8558: 8556: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8548: 8546:Visual culture 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8526:Safety culture 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8347:Cross-cultural 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8298: 8296: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8219: 8218: 8217: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8161: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8050: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8024: 8018: 8016: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8008: 8006:Culture theory 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7967: 7965: 7961: 7960: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7939: 7938: 7931: 7924: 7916: 7909: 7908:External links 7906: 7903: 7902: 7895: 7874: 7843: 7809: 7775: 7752:(6 May 2018). 7741: 7708: 7683: 7664: 7645: 7622: 7596: 7575: 7571:Plastic Shaman 7558: 7528: 7490: 7475: 7469:Jodi O'Brien, 7462: 7442: 7431:on 30 May 2015 7409: 7380: 7353: 7323: 7296: 7269: 7243: 7236: 7226:Playing Indian 7214: 7163: 7132: 7101: 7071: 7038: 7009: 6990:(3): 315–335. 6969: 6937: 6902: 6868: 6837: 6808: 6777: 6763: 6749: 6738: 6724: 6713: 6687: 6661: 6652: 6620: 6594: 6568: 6532: 6501: 6470: 6439: 6427:Hank Stuever, 6417: 6403: 6383: 6353: 6327: 6301: 6288: 6257: 6231: 6200: 6164: 6130: 6104: 6078: 6051: 6016: 5997:(2): 176–189. 5981: 5962: 5942: 5909: 5878: 5847: 5821: 5795: 5764: 5734: 5703: 5673: 5647: 5633: 5602: 5585:Independent UK 5568: 5535: 5509: 5479: 5452:(6): 873–877. 5432: 5401: 5371: 5338: 5309:Also cited in 5299: 5262: 5232: 5202: 5185:www.kufiya.org 5172: 5142: 5112: 5082: 5063: 5043: 5013: 4983: 4951: 4942: 4916: 4890: 4860: 4841: 4818: 4788: 4771: 4752: 4732: 4713: 4693: 4667: 4637: 4618: 4598: 4596:: pp. 106–108. 4586: 4567: 4547: 4528: 4508: 4475: 4444: 4414: 4383: 4352: 4325: 4310: 4287: 4268:(3): 361–372. 4248: 4148: 4122: 4099: 4072: 4057: 4042: 4024: 3998: 3967: 3933: 3898: 3874: 3850: 3819: 3784: 3758: 3738: 3719: 3699: 3652: 3623: 3606: 3570: 3539: 3518: 3492: 3462: 3431: 3400: 3363: 3326: 3295: 3262: 3231: 3197: 3166: 3159: 3141: 3136:Bitch Magazine 3107: 3094: 3064: 3028: 3008: 2988: 2954: 2923: 2899: 2881: 2860:thetakeout.com 2832:refinery29.com 2798: 2694:(4): 474–503. 2678: 2647: 2640: 2622: 2615: 2590: 2550: 2524:Houska, Tara. 2511: 2492: 2486:. p. 59. 2468: 2449: 2425: 2391:(2): 346–390. 2371: 2332: 2293: 2282:on 23 May 2020 2259: 2229: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2121:Fusion cuisine 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2062: 2059: 2044:property crime 2040:New York Times 2030:Jonah Goldberg 2014:Lionel Shriver 1995:John McWhorter 1991: 1988: 1977:In Australia, 1955:Rainbow Family 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1833: 1830: 1809:Playing Indian 1806:were noted in 1799: 1796: 1756: 1753: 1671:Eddie Redmayne 1618: 1615: 1602: 1599: 1557: 1554: 1476:Rolling Stones 1460:Stephen Foster 1358:blue-eyed soul 1309: 1306: 1294:Boston Celtics 1256:, in what the 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1182: 1160: 1137:Han characters 1133:Korean letters 1125: 1106: 1080: 1067:began wearing 1061: 1040: 1026: 1023: 961:lolita fashion 892:Adrienne Keene 786: 785:The modern era 783: 619:Highland clans 579:Highland dress 575:Victorian eras 537:highland dress 525: 522: 479: 476: 394:deaths in 2009 374: 371: 350:Frances Derham 293:medicine wheel 253: 250: 248: 245: 233:Ottoman Empire 224:George Lipsitz 199: 196: 154: 151: 139:black American 85: 84: 45:of the subject 43:worldwide view 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9738: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9656: 9655:Tomahawk chop 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9625:List of teams 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9601: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9539:Brett Chapman 9537: 9535: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9525: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9504: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9453:College teams 9451: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9420: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9409: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9387:Opinion polls 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9361: 9358: 9354: 9346: 9343: 9342: 9341: 9338: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9329: 9326: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9312: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9291: 9286: 9284: 9279: 9277: 9272: 9271: 9268: 9256: 9255: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9205: 9204:Youth culture 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9189:Urban culture 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9174:Remix culture 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9149:Media culture 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9139:Languaculture 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9067:Culture shock 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9027:Cultural turn 9025: 9023: 9020: 9016: 9013: 9012: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8895:Bennett scale 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8876: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8825:Protestantism 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8768: 8767:Biculturalism 8765: 8764: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8557: 8553: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8531:Technoculture 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8511:Print culture 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8476:Enculturation 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8396:Cultural icon 8394: 8390: 8387: 8386: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8337:Cultural bias 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8317:Cultural area 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8302:Acculturation 8300: 8299: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8276:Super culture 8274: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8246: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8223: 8220: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8190:Legal culture 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8156: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8139:Sound culture 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 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McFarland. 4611: 4610: 4602: 4595: 4590: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4551: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4512: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4479: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4340: 4336: 4329: 4321: 4314: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4152: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4110: 4103: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4068: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4043:9781783208449 4039: 4035: 4028: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4005: 4003: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3878: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3854: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3789: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3755: 3751: 3748: 3742: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3656: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3628: 3619: 3618: 3610: 3594: 3590: 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1916: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1876: 1874: 1873: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1840:by the term " 1839: 1838:self-identify 1829: 1825: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1591:Tom Yum Goong 1587: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1472:Elvis Presley 1469: 1468:Benny Goodman 1465: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1444:Black British 1441: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338:Norman Mailer 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1322:Western world 1319: 1315: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1153:David Beckham 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1096:Sonny Rollins 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1048:Ancient Greek 1045: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1028: 1022: 1018: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 953: 950: 946: 942: 938: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 906: 901: 899: 898: 893: 889: 885: 884:Navajo Nation 881: 877: 873: 870: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 763:China poblana 760: 759:Western shirt 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 712: 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culture 9102:Deaf culture 9087:Cyberculture 9057:Culture hero 8970:Cultural lag 8910:Civilization 8810:Christianity 8516:Protoculture 8311: 8200:Microculture 8180:High culture 8175:Folk culture 8124:Postcritique 7886: 7865:. 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