235:
61:, oriented toward service rather than pecuniary profit. Many cooperatives, however, do have a degree of profit orientation. Just like other corporations, some cooperatives issue dividends to owners based on a share of total net profit or earnings (all owners typically receive the same amount); or based on a percentage of the total amount of purchases made by the owner. Regardless of whether they issue a dividend or not, most consumers’ cooperatives will offer owners discounts and preferential access to goods and services.
126:
149:. As employment moved to industrial areas and job sectors declined, workers began organizing and controlling businesses for themselves. Workers cooperatives were originally sparked by "critical reaction to industrial capitalism and the excesses of the industrial revolution." The formation of some workers cooperatives was meant to "cope with the evils of unbridled capitalism and the insecurities of wage labor."
31:
636:, manage their local political parties from 1970's; generally names itself as the "Network Movement" ("Tokyo Seikatsusha (it means "Living Persons") Network", "Kanagawa Network Movement", and so on). They depend on consumers movement, feminism, regionalism, and prefer to anti-nuclear. These parties keep small but steady sections in prefecture and municipal assemblies.
250:, established in England in 1844. This became the basis for the development and growth of the modern cooperative movement. As the mechanization of the Industrial Revolution forced more skilled workers into poverty, these tradesmen decided to band together to open their own store selling food items they could not otherwise afford.
357:
199:, where the first co-operative store was opened. Spurred on by this success, Owen had the idea of forming "villages of co-operation" where workers would drag themselves out of poverty by growing their own food, making their own clothes, and ultimately becoming self-governing. He tried to form such communities in
310:
Large consumers' co-ops are run much like any other business and require workers, managers, clerks, products, and customers to keep the doors open and the business running. In smaller businesses the consumer/owners are often workers as well. Consumers' cooperatives can differ greatly in start up and
326:
The major difference between consumers' cooperatives and other forms of business is that the purpose of a consumers' cooperative association is to provide quality goods and services at the lowest cost to the consumer/owners rather than to sell goods and services at the highest price above cost that
330:
Where a for-profit enterprise will treat the difference between cost (including labor etc.) and selling price as financial gain for investors, the consumer owned enterprise may retain this to accumulate capital in common ownership, distribute it to meet the consumer's social objectives, or refund
261:
per person for a total of 28 pounds of capital. On
December 21, 1844, they opened their store with a very meagre selection of butter, sugar, flour, oatmeal and a few candles. Within three months, they expanded their selection to include tea and tobacco, and they were soon known for providing high
343:
Since consumer cooperatives are run democratically, they are subject to the same problems typical of democratic government. Such difficulties can be mitigated by frequently providing member/owners with reliable educational materials regarding current business conditions. In addition, because a
344:
consumer cooperative is owned by the users of a good or service as opposed to the producers of that good or service, the same sorts of labor issues may arise between the workers and the cooperative as would appear in any other company. This is one critique of consumer cooperatives in favor of
613:
is the largest retail cooperative in Japan and, with more than 1.2 million members, is one of the largest cooperatives in the world. In addition to retail co-ops there are medical, housing, and insurance co-ops alongside institutional (workplace based) co-ops, co-ops for school teachers, and
589:
The Wine
Society (Australian Wine Consumers’ Co-operative Society Limited), established in 1946, now has more than 58,000 members. It sources and sells premium wines under the Society label, runs comprehensive wine education courses, and recognises excellence from young winemakers.
334:
While some claim that surplus payment returns to consumer/owner patrons should be taxed the same as dividends paid to corporate stock holders, others argue that consumer cooperatives do not return a profit by traditional definition, and similar tax standards do not apply.
301:
elected by and from the membership. The board is usually responsible for hiring management and ensuring that the cooperative meets its goals, both financial and otherwise. Democratic functions, such as petitioning or recall of board members, may be codified in the
375:
That as soon as practicable, this society shall proceed to arrange the powers of production, distribution, education, and government, or in other words to establish a selfsupporting home-colony of united interests, or assist other societies in establishing such
186:
as the father of the cooperative movement, made his fortune in the cotton trade, but believed in putting his workers in a good environment with access to education for themselves and their children. These ideas were put into effect successfully in the
535:
is a diversified holding company of consumer cooperatives that includes thousands of retail stores, discount stores, and tourism agencies. It ranks as the second largest supermarket chain in
Germany and in the top ten cooperative groups in the world.
306:
or organizing document of the cooperative. Most consumer cooperatives hold regular membership meetings (often once a year). As mutually owned businesses, each member of a society has a shareholding equal to the sum they paid in when they joined.
1499:
621:. These consist of a group of five to ten members in a neighbourhood who place a combined weekly order which is then delivered by truck the following week. A strength of Japanese consumer co-ops in recent years has been the growth of
604:
Japan has a large and well-developed consumer cooperative movement with more than 14 million members. Retail co-ops alone had a combined turnover of 2.5 trillion Yen (21 billion U.S. Dollars) in April, 2003.
281:. By 1872, it had become known as the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS). Through the 20th century, smaller societies merged with CWS, such as the Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society (1973) and the
331:
this sum to the consumer/owner as an over-payment. (Accumulated capital may be held as reserves, or invested in growth as working capital or the purchase of capital assets such as plant and buildings.)
323:
The customers or consumers of the goods and/or services the cooperative provides are often also the individuals who have provided the capital required to launch or purchase that enterprise.
617:
Approximately one in five of all
Japanese households belongs to a local retail co-op and 90% of all co-op members are women. Nearly six million households belong to one of the 1,788,000
551:, some of the personnel are hired workers and some are owner-workers. The owners include workers and mere consumers, but buying is open to everybody. It has franchises under the brand
596:
was formed in 2011 as the
Members and Education Credit Union. It changed its name to Bank Australia in 2015. The bank is wholly owned by its customers, reported at 125,000 in 2012.
387:, advocated forming federations of consumer cooperatives as a means to achieve social reform. They believed such a development would bring benefits such as economic democracy and
955:
918:
Adams, Frank and Gary Hansen (1993) Putting
Democracy To Work: A Practical Guide for Starting and Managing Worker-Owned Businesses, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc, San Francisco
226:, the first edition of which appeared on 1 May 1828. It gave a mixture of co-operative philosophy and practical advice about running a shop using cooperative principles.
1029:
364:
Many advocates of the formation of consumer cooperatives—from a variety of political perspectives—have seen them as integral to the achievement of wider social goals.
269:
formed gradually over 140 years from the merger of many independent retail societies, and their wholesale societies and federations. In 1863, twenty years after the
1156:
513:
is owned by 22 regional cooperatives and 19 local cooperative stores, which in turn are owned by their customers. In 2005 the S Group overtook its nearest rival
106:, through which consumers' cooperatives collectively purchase goods at wholesale prices and, in some cases, own factories. Alternatively, they may be members of
1076:
788:
371:, who established one of the earliest consumer cooperatives in England in 1844, expressed a vision that went far beyond the simple shop with which they began:
1411:
163:
In the decades that followed, several cooperatives or cooperative societies formed including
Lennoxtown Friendly Victualling Society, founded in 1812.
156:, when local weavers manhandled a sack of oatmeal into John Walker's whitewashed front room and began selling the contents at a discount, forming the
1204:
484:
1043:
2261:
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1225:
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17:
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would need to set up co-operatives for themselves, so he saw his role as one of instruction. He founded a monthly periodical called
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2006:
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also in how the co-op is run but to be true to the consumers' cooperative form of business the enterprise should follow the
2184:
767:
327:
the consumer is willing to pay. In practice consumers' cooperatives price goods and services at competitive market rates.
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1320:
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214:
Similar early experiments were made in the early 19th century and by 1830 there were several hundred co-operatives.
2254:
1685:
843:
273:
opened their co-operative, the North of
England Co-operative Society was launched by 300 individual co-ops across
1438:
1130:
905:
622:
1510:
1112:
2158:
2153:
2076:
1699:
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103:
68:. However, there are many types of consumers' cooperatives, operating in areas such as health care, insurance,
1516:
2163:
667:, which specializes in outdoor sporting equipment, is the largest consumer cooperative in the United States.
563:, but the merger dissolved in 2005. It has expanded across Spain and entered France and Gibraltar. After the
64:
Consumers' cooperatives often take the form of retail outlets owned and operated by their consumers, such as
53:
and that aims at fulfilling the needs and aspirations of its members. Such co-operatives operate within the
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92:
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in which fresh produce is sent direct to consumers from producers without going through the market.
218:
made Owen's ideas more workable and practical. He believed in starting small, and realized that the
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2202:
2112:
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671:
480:
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380:
152:
The first documented consumer cooperative was founded in 1769, in a barely-furnished cottage in
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2026:
1816:
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37:
Limited was a consumer co-operative society based in Raunds, Northamptonshire, founded in 1891.
1368:
438:
is by far the largest of these businesses, itself having over 4,500 outlets and operating the
253:
With lessons from prior failed attempts at co-operation in mind, they designed the now-famous
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1908:
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1821:
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a customer owned cooperative, since the owners of
Vanguard funds are the funds' investors.
427:
204:
1397:"The Credit Union Movement: Origins and Development 1850 to 1980" by J. Carroll Moody and
1342:
524:, Coop Atlantique owns 7 hypermarkets, 39 supermarkets, and about 200 convenience stores.
8:
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2294:
2001:
1948:
1859:
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1753:
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575:
450:
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266:
200:
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chain formed by many sub-cooperatives controlled 17.7% of the grocery market in 2005.
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2314:
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1918:
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851:
757:
742:
675:
419:
368:
270:
107:
65:
2434:
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1943:
1896:
1880:
1743:
726:
679:
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465:
410:
One of the world's largest consumer co-operative federations operates in the UK as
1177:
2402:
2330:
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1297:
1276:
1209:
1001:
959:
175:
146:
2056:
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388:
258:
54:
1517:
Co-operatives UK, the central organisation for all UK co-operative enterprises
674:(MEC) in Canada was one of that country's major consumer cooperatives. In the
2454:
2304:
2137:
2097:
559:. In its process of expansion, it merged with the Valencia-based cooperative
384:
356:
219:
208:
980:
850:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 203.
2102:
2036:
1728:
1398:
885:
823:
694:
690:
414:, which operates over 5,500 branches of 'Co-op' branded business including
166:
The philosophy that underpinned the cooperative movement stemmed from such
77:
1412:"Memo For Bernie: World's Second Largest Investor, Vanguard, Is Socialist"
2117:
1607:
710:
499:
488:
472:
446:
188:
179:
171:
130:
555:
not owned by Eroski but sharing its product range. Its origin is in the
2345:
1312:
1138:
682:, gas stations, lumberyards, and grocery stores can be found under the
606:
415:
360:
January 1947 Co-op
Magazine back cover designed as a promotional poster
278:
192:
1448:
1116:
889:
457:
are both co-operatives and are among the country’s largest employers.
2239:
2071:
1766:
1537:
The ICA Group, technical advice for cooperative start-ups in the USA.
894:. Translated by Co-operative Reference Library, Dublin. p. 122.
583:
578:
sold textbooks both online and on university campuses. It also owned
274:
167:
125:
50:
1465:
582:. In 2020 its retail stores closed and its online store was sold to
242:
was established in 1844 and defined the modern cooperative movement.
1477:
A pamphlet from the G.I. Roundtable series by Joseph G. Knapp, 1944
732:
476:
196:
46:
517:
with a 36% share of retail grocery sales compared to Kesko's 28%.
2061:
1954:
649:
528:
510:
506:
461:
134:
1556:
395:, greater product purity, and financial benefits for consumers.
1572:
Brazda&Schediwy (ed.) Comparative International Study, 1989
1495:
664:
540:
521:
454:
318:
303:
113:
Consumer cooperation has been a focus of study in the field of
30:
1542:
English website from the Japanese Consumer Co-operative Union.
789:"Consumer Co-operatives: Democracy - Development - Employment"
257:, and over a period of four months they struggled to pool one
2228:
1961:
1269:
629:
514:
495:
1551:
1536:
693:
in the United States and Canada are financial cooperatives.
567:, Eroski sold several of its supermarkets and hypermarkets.
297:, or one member/one vote. Most consumer cooperatives have a
137:
fired bricks to build it, but construction never took place.
1546:
1531:
1500:
Coordinating Committee of European Cooperative Associations
1070:
532:
293:
Consumer cooperatives utilize the cooperative principle of
1290:
1606:
1541:
83:
In some countries, consumers' cooperatives are known as
27:
Enterprise owned and managed democratically by consumers
1505:
1358:; see: 2012 Audited Financial Statements, pg 13, sec 14
1182:. London, UK: Euromonitor International. October 2006.
1526:
1226:"Co-op bookshop to disappear from university campuses"
1153:"View the top 300 co-operatives from around the world"
842:
1521:
977:
Cotton Times, understanding the industrial revolution
95:, whose members are retailers rather than consumers.
729:, a supermarket owned and operated by its consumers.
141:
Consumer cooperatives rose to prominence during the
1313:"Food Co-ops and Associates - Co-op Grocer Network"
133:'s visionary project for a cooperative settlement.
1527:ICOS, the Irish Co-operative Organisation Society
646:PCC (Puget Consumers Cooperative) Natural Markets
2452:
1552:University of Wisconsin Center for Cooperatives
1369:"Consumer Co-op Archives - BC Coop Association"
491:in January 2002, but separated again in 2008.
2255:
1592:
1343:"REI: Financial Information | REI Co-op"
1251:Japanese Consumers' Co-operative Union., 2003
628:Some of co-op organisations, for example, in
1532:German technical consulting for optimization
1498:– The common platform of ICA Europe and the
1474:Why Co-ops? What Are They? How Do They Work?
418:(the UK's sixth largest supermarket chain),
319:Finance and approach to capital accumulation
1547:A new approach to cooperative understanding
1015:
1013:
288:
98:Consumers' cooperatives may, in turn, form
57:, independently of the state, as a form of
2262:
2248:
1599:
1585:
748:Healthcare Co-operatives movement in India
367:For example, the founding document of the
351:
246:The first successful co-operative was the
91:, though they should not be confused with
2007:ICA Statement on the Cooperative Identity
753:National Cooperative Business Association
1223:
1110:
1036:
1019:
1010:
970:
921:
818:
660:maintains a food cooperative directory.
658:National Cooperative Grocers Association
355:
233:
124:
29:
1557:Coopnet Update paper and event database
1522:The online database of UK Co-operatives
1291:Kanagawa Network Movement Official Site
1247:
1245:
1205:"The world's biggest 300 co-operatives"
973:"Social strife: The birth of the co-op"
14:
2453:
2269:
1270:Tokyo Seikatusha Network Official Site
248:Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers
240:Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers
2243:
1983:
1622:
1580:
927:
786:
449:, the two largest supermarket chains
2185:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
1485:, by Legal Firm Stoel Rives, Seattle
1409:
1379:from the original on 26 January 2018
1242:
1075:. CO-OP Magazine. January 1946: 17.
1020:Thompson, David (July–August 1994).
884:
768:US Federation of Worker Cooperatives
2224:History of the cooperative movement
1695:International Co-operative Alliance
1506:International Co-operative Alliance
1050:. December 25, 1944. Archived from
878:
383:, a term coined in the writings of
283:South Suburban Co-operative Society
24:
1432:
1131:"What Consumers' Cooperation does"
468:has been in operation since 1983.
229:
25:
2477:
1623:
1567:Background Paper on Co-operatives
1489:
1323:from the original on 15 June 2017
891:Consumers' Co-operative Societies
545:Mondragón Corporación Cooperativa
1079:from the original on 2011-07-18.
1032:from the original on 2011-07-18.
1022:"Co-op Principles: Then and Now"
908:from the original on 2008-05-20.
832:from the original on 2014-10-20.
639:
102:. These may come in the form of
76:and personal finance (including
1511:Consumer Cooperatives Worldwide
1403:
1391:
1361:
1349:from the original on 2014-09-26
1335:
1305:
1284:
1263:
1254:
1217:
1197:
1186:from the original on 2007-08-14
1170:
1159:from the original on 2015-05-17
1145:
1123:
1104:
1058:
848:Economics: Principles in Action
623:community supported agriculture
211:, but both communities failed.
104:cooperative wholesale societies
49:owned by consumers and managed
2077:Socially responsible investing
1467:fully searchable original link
1450:fully searchable original link
1445:Co-operative League of America
1111:Warbasse, James Peter (1942).
994:
964:
946:
912:
846:; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003).
836:
812:
780:
652:is the largest consumer-owned
543:is a supermarket chain within
262:quality, unadulterated goods.
13:
1:
1700:Cooperative wholesale society
1224:Bonyhady, Nick (2020-01-30).
2123:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen
1876:Health insurance cooperative
1739:Savings and loan association
704:
570:
475:, the national cooperatives
85:cooperative retail societies
7:
1562:Dissecting Healthcare Co-op
1457:The History of Co-operation
1443:, published monthly by The
979:. p. 2. Archived from
794:. p. 4. Archived from
720:
398:
338:
35:Raunds Co-operative Society
18:Consumers' Cooperative
10:
2482:
1984:
1137:. May 1934. Archived from
953:Lennoxtown (Local History)
738:GNU General Public License
676:Canadian Prairie provinces
644:In the United States, the
120:
2412:
2359:
2323:
2277:
2219:
2191:United Farmers of Alberta
2177:
2146:
2090:
2015:
1994:
1990:
1979:
1936:
1889:
1868:
1830:
1797:
1752:
1719:
1712:
1680:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1618:
1230:The Sydney Morning Herald
1113:"Problems of Cooperation"
1044:"The Farmer Takes a Town"
930:"The Meaning of Rochdale"
614:university-based co-ops.
405:
295:democratic member control
2203:Nepal Co-operative Party
870:: CS1 maint: location (
773:
672:Mountain Equipment Co-op
599:
289:Governance and operation
209:United States of America
158:Fenwick Weavers' Society
2461:Consumers' cooperatives
2420:Consumers' co-operative
2300:Consumer culture theory
440:collective buying group
381:Cooperative Federalists
352:Pursuit of social goals
100:cooperative federations
93:retailers' cooperatives
43:consumers' co-operative
2382:Consumer socialization
2377:Consumer ethnocentrism
2290:Autonomous consumption
2032:Cooperative federalism
2027:Co-operative economics
1440:Co-operation 1921-1947
1317:cooperativegrocer.coop
1092:Cite journal requires
1054:on September 30, 2007.
715:Supermercados Fam Coop
565:Spanish crisis of 2008
549:worker-consumer hybrid
436:The Co-operative Group
378:
361:
243:
154:Fenwick, East Ayrshire
138:
38:
2341:Consumer neuroscience
1845:Community wind energy
1641:Primary cooperative (
1462:George Jacob Holyoake
820:Warbasse, James Peter
580:Australian Geographic
373:
359:
237:
143:industrial revolution
128:
115:cooperative economics
33:
2425:Consumer-to-business
2392:Consumption function
1612:mutual organizations
1179:Retailing in Finland
763:Open-source hardware
428:Co-op Legal Services
205:New Harmony, Indiana
2430:Factory-to-consumer
2367:Consumer confidence
2360:Consumer attributes
2295:Induced consumption
2002:Rochdale Principles
1949:Agent-owned company
1734:Mutual savings bank
1496:Cooperatives Europe
1482:Law of Cooperatives
1373:BC Coop Association
1155:. 4 February 2014.
634:Kanagawa prefecture
346:worker cooperatives
313:Rochdale Principles
255:Rochdale Principles
2372:Consumer confusion
2351:Marketing research
2336:Consumer economics
2271:Consumer behaviour
2197:Co-operative Party
2082:Solidarity economy
2042:Economic democracy
1807:Collective farming
1296:2014-05-17 at the
1275:2014-06-04 at the
1066:"Attacks Splutter"
1026:Cooperative Grocer
958:2007-03-19 at the
928:Fairbairn, Brett.
844:O'Sullivan, Arthur
576:The Co-op Bookshop
362:
299:board of directors
267:Co-operative Group
244:
201:Orbiston, Scotland
184:considered by many
139:
108:cooperative unions
39:
2448:
2447:
2397:Cultural consumer
2315:Consumer spending
2237:
2236:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2178:Political parties
2133:Rochdale Pioneers
2128:David Schweickart
2067:Social enterprise
2019:economic theories
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1932:
1931:
1708:
1707:
1213:. 4 January 2012.
825:Cooperative Peace
743:Health food store
670:Outdoor retailer
420:Co-op Funeralcare
369:Rochdale Pioneers
271:Rochdale Pioneers
16:(Redirected from
2473:
2435:Consumer service
2346:Consumer product
2310:Consumer economy
2264:
2257:
2250:
2241:
2240:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1944:Friendly society
1881:Mutual insurance
1744:Building society
1717:
1716:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1115:. Archived from
1108:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1017:
1008:
1007:
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
968:
962:
950:
944:
943:
941:
935:. Archived from
934:
925:
919:
916:
910:
909:
882:
876:
875:
869:
861:
840:
834:
833:
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
800:
793:
784:
727:Food cooperative
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55:market system
52:
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2113:William King
2103:Charles Gide
2037:Distributism
1960:
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1799:Agricultural
1729:Credit union
1651:
1608:Cooperatives
1481:
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1419:. Retrieved
1415:
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1399:Gilbert Fite
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1372:
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1233:. Retrieved
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1178:
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1147:
1139:the original
1134:
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1117:the original
1106:
1085:cite journal
1060:
1052:the original
1047:
1038:
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1002:
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981:the original
976:
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937:the original
923:
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803:. Retrieved
796:the original
782:
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695:Tim Worstall
688:
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552:
538:
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424:Co-op Travel
409:
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393:transparency
379:
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342:
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329:
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264:
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223:
216:William King
213:
189:cotton mills
165:
162:
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140:
112:
97:
88:
84:
82:
63:
42:
40:
2285:Consumption
2118:Robert Owen
1782:egalitarian
1135:Cooperation
787:Euro Coop.
758:Open source
711:Puerto Rico
684:Co-Op brand
678:as well as
500:Coop Italia
489:Coop Norden
473:Scandinavia
447:Switzerland
180:Robert Owen
172:Robert Owen
170:writers as
131:Robert Owen
66:food co-ops
2455:Categories
1822:Wheat pool
1817:Winemaking
1713:By product
1682:Federation
1667:Purchasing
1421:2021-08-07
1353:2014-09-02
1235:2020-08-30
1190:2007-06-28
1163:2015-06-03
987:2008-06-26
805:2011-06-07
713:, several
619:Han groups
607:Co-op Kobe
539:In Spain,
533:ReWe Group
487:joined as
416:Co-op Food
279:Lancashire
193:New Lanark
59:mutual aid
47:enterprise
2413:Processes
2147:By region
2072:Socialism
2052:Mutualism
1909:Recycling
1869:Insurance
1860:Broadband
1855:Telephone
1767:Cohousing
1464:, 1908.
866:cite book
717:operate.
705:Caribbean
584:Booktopia
571:Australia
515:Kesko Oyj
412:The Co-op
376:colonies.
275:Yorkshire
168:socialist
129:Model of
74:utilities
2278:Concepts
2193:(Canada)
2187:(Canada)
1995:Identity
1914:Platform
1850:Electric
1762:Building
1672:Retailer
1652:Consumer
1377:Archived
1347:Archived
1321:Archived
1294:Archived
1273:Archived
1184:Archived
1157:Archived
1077:Archived
1030:Archived
956:Archived
906:Archived
888:(1922).
830:Archived
822:(1950).
733:Copyleft
721:See also
399:Examples
339:Problems
285:(1984).
197:Scotland
135:Owenites
2159:Ukraine
2062:Owenism
1955:Stokvel
1832:Utility
1787:commune
1754:Housing
1721:Banking
1502:(CCACE)
1006:. 1828.
650:Seattle
553:Aliprox
547:. As a
529:Germany
511:S Group
507:Finland
485:Denmark
462:Ireland
389:justice
207:in the
203:and in
121:History
70:housing
2154:Canada
1985:Topics
1657:Worker
1416:Forbes
898:
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665:R.E.I.
656:. The
561:Consum
541:Eroski
531:, the
522:France
509:, the
498:, the
483:, and
481:Sweden
477:Norway
464:, the
455:Migros
430:, and
406:Europe
304:bylaws
45:is an
2229:.coop
1962:Artel
1937:Other
1919:Media
1890:Other
1460:, by
1383:4 May
1327:4 May
940:(PDF)
933:(PDF)
799:(PDF)
792:(PDF)
774:Notes
630:Tokyo
600:Japan
496:Italy
2199:(UK)
1902:list
1897:Food
1836:list
1686:list
1661:list
1643:list
1610:and
1385:2018
1329:2018
1098:help
1071:DjVu
1048:Time
896:ISBN
872:link
852:ISBN
689:All
453:and
451:Coop
277:and
265:The
238:The
174:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
