696:(ASP). These agreements had been ratified under the name "Articles of Union", and became part of the new constitution as "Acts of Union". The most notable feature of the Acts of Union was the establishment of the double government structure that is also part of Tanzania's current constitution. This structure included one government for the Union and one largely autonomous independent government for Zanzibar. Zanzibar's government included its own Parliament and President. The President of Zanzibar also served as vice president of the Union.
166:
29:
958:
528:
756:. Based on the commission's works, several amendments were promulgated. The Eighth Amendment (1992) established that a member of any registered political party could run for any political seat; coherently, new rules were defined governing the parties' registration. The Ninth Amendment reorganized presidential elections and introduced the possibility of
776:- Before, the President had no power to nominate any body to parliament all members of parliament except the Attorney General, women in special seats and representatives of the Zanzibar House, were elected from constituencies. The Constitutional amendment allowed the President to nominate up to 10 members of parliament.
691:
merged into the United
Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed into "United Republic of Tanzania" that same year. The constitution of the newborn nation was based on Tanganyika's 1962 Republican Constitution, modified according to the agreements between TANU and Zanzibar's majority party, the
718:
In the following years, several amendments were added. Those reduced the autonomy of
Zanzibar and further strengthened the one-party state. For example, an amendment in 1975 established that all the government institutions, including the Parliament, were subordinate to the party's executive
675:. He was granted the right to designate the vice president and Ministers, and the right to dismiss the Parliament under certain circumstances. The President also inherited security-related, repressive powers that were formerly of the Governor General, with the addition of new ones; the
586:, was ratified in 16 March 1977. Before the current establishment, Tanzania has had three constitutions: the Independence Constitution (1961), the Republican Constitution (1962), and the Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964).
703:. The Acts of Union themselves included directions on steps to take to elaborate a definitive constitution, to be elaborated by a constituent assembly comprising representatives of both TANU and ASP. This procedure was initiated but was later suspended.
731:
One month after CCM was founded, the
Permanent Constitution was approved. This Constitution essentially confirmed the main principles of the Republic and Interim Constitutions, i.e., strong presidency, dual government structure, one-party state.
735:
Since 1977, several amendments have been applied to the original
Constitution. Many of these are related to the relationship between the united government and the Zanzibar government. In the early 1990s, President of the Union
763:
The relationships between
Zanzibar and the Union were also modified over time. For example, the Eleventh Amendment established the President of Zanzibar and the Union vice president as two different, independent roles.
715:
nature of the
Tanzanian government. Coherent to the double government structure defined in 1964, the 1965 Constitution identified two government parties, TANU for the Union and ASP for Zanzibar.
1760:
779:- Increased the number of special seats from women from 15%- 20%, depending on the declaration of the National Electoral Commission from time to time, with the consent of the Presidente.
1807:
1803:
773:- Prior, a candidate needed 50% of votes in presidential elections to be declared president of the United Republic; only a simple majority is now required to be declared president.
1799:
1790:
676:
1786:
1777:
1768:
405:
1764:
267:
1734:
1504:
1428:
1292:
826:
957:
565:
1649:
1489:
1509:
853:
446:
1317:
428:
424:
667:
was granted the prerogatives of both former roles, Governor
General and First Minister, serving as the head of state as well as
410:
538:
1421:
1098:
711:
The
Interim Constitution was modified several times after its first layout. A major change was made in 1965 to formalize the
360:
795:
502:
1297:
1125:
1000:
897:
239:
1108:
1088:
558:
210:
1843:
1524:
1359:
1247:
652:
512:
1414:
507:
348:
343:
338:
1816:
1186:
1838:
1564:
1163:
1073:
1015:
947:
882:
846:
648:
551:
398:
103:
1674:
1664:
1469:
1210:
1176:
1093:
260:
1679:
1569:
1499:
1302:
990:
306:
128:
1739:
1659:
1624:
1609:
1594:
1549:
1484:
1120:
1115:
1010:
980:
910:
604:
483:
235:
223:
1614:
995:
436:
294:
1714:
1539:
1534:
1514:
1479:
1464:
1237:
1078:
839:
373:
186:
1699:
1669:
1654:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1584:
1579:
1529:
1474:
1449:
1153:
1082:
942:
659:
and drastically revised the 1961 constitution, most notably with the establishment of a strongly
451:
1709:
1704:
1644:
1599:
1559:
1454:
1257:
1062:
1056:
905:
624:
495:
311:
1684:
1634:
1589:
1574:
1554:
1544:
1519:
1459:
1267:
1242:
1196:
1103:
1068:
985:
968:
915:
664:
471:
385:
324:
287:
206:
116:
1694:
1604:
1494:
1354:
1307:
1277:
1262:
1181:
1034:
1020:
920:
656:
489:
156:
111:
8:
1381:
1374:
1339:
1232:
1191:
1141:
1046:
1005:
927:
892:
874:
866:
720:
660:
380:
216:
199:
94:
69:
760:
by the
Parliament; further, it separated the functions of President and Prime Minister.
1272:
1168:
932:
887:
753:
745:
693:
668:
441:
299:
1390:
1312:
1287:
1282:
1222:
737:
608:
84:
1252:
1158:
1395:
803:
749:
712:
632:
532:
245:
679:, for example, gave the President the right to detain any person without trial.
1226:
628:
612:
600:
476:
414:
51:
1832:
620:
228:
66:
615:). This defined a Governor General who represented the Queen of Tanganyika,
1344:
672:
616:
165:
28:
1406:
757:
741:
272:
99:
61:
146:
Interim
Constitution of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
636:
123:
831:
1331:
862:
719:
committee. At that time, TANU and ASP were about to merge into the
688:
464:
72:
44:
1349:
937:
635:. The constitution also established the independence of the
796:"TANZANIA: KEY HISTORICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS"
726:
594:
642:
767:
April 2000: The Thirteenth Constitutional Amendment
827:
The Constitution Of The United Republic Of Tanzania
682:
1830:
631:or the Prime Minister, chosen from the majority
580:Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania
22:Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania
1422:
847:
752:) dedicated to preparing the transition to a
559:
1436:
1429:
1415:
854:
840:
744:reforms. He nominated a commission (named
607:adopted a first constitution based on the
566:
552:
27:
723:(CCM), something that happened in 1977.
1831:
1410:
1293:Natural resource and waste management
861:
835:
770:It introduced the following changes:
727:Permanent Constitution (1977-present)
699:The constitution of 1964 was adopted
595:Independence Constitution (1961–1962)
643:Republican Constitution (1962–1964)
13:
956:
706:
651:(made solely of nominees from the
14:
1855:
820:
653:Tanganyika African National Union
1735:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1505:Democratic Republic of the Congo
683:Interim Constitution (1964–1977)
526:
164:
788:
1:
782:
754:multi-party political system
655:party) formed itself into a
599:After independence from the
7:
1318:Water supply and sanitation
611:(with the exclusion of the
406:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
1860:
589:
1748:
1723:
1442:
1368:
1330:
1218:
1209:
1149:
1140:
1042:
1033:
976:
967:
954:
873:
295:Chief Justice of Tanzania
142:
134:
122:
110:
93:
83:
78:
60:
50:
40:
35:
26:
21:
1844:Constitutions by country
1490:Central African Republic
1360:House of Representatives
687:In 1964, Tanganyika and
677:Preventive Detention Act
513:House of Representatives
503:Revolutionary Government
1437:Constitutions of Africa
16:Supreme law of Tanzania
1298:Persecution of Albinos
961:
898:East African Campaign
740:launched a program of
584:Permanent Constitution
496:Hemed Suleiman Abdalla
425:Diplomatic missions of
1650:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1510:Republic of the Congo
960:
916:Sultanate of Zanzibar
665:President of Tanzania
508:Revolutionary Council
1839:Politics of Tanzania
921:Zanzibar slave trade
748:after its president
657:constituent assembly
649:Tanzanian Parliament
582:, also known as the
490:Othman Masoud Sharif
157:Politics of Tanzania
138:Constituent Assembly
79:Government structure
1725:States with limited
943:Uganda–Tanzania War
928:Zanzibar Revolution
893:Maji Maji Rebellion
721:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
661:presidential system
619:, to be the formal
533:Tanzania portal
217:Samia Suluhu Hassan
52:Date effective
1273:List of Tanzanians
1187:Telecommunications
962:
933:Arusha Declaration
888:German East Africa
746:Nyalali Commission
694:Afro-Shirazi Party
669:commander in chief
300:Ibrahim Hamis Juma
1826:
1825:
1752:other territories
1525:Equatorial Guinea
1404:
1403:
1326:
1325:
1205:
1204:
1136:
1135:
1099:Political parties
1074:Foreign relations
1029:
1028:
948:COVID-19 pandemic
738:Ali Hassan Mwinyi
609:Westminster Model
576:
575:
447:Visa requirements
399:Foreign relations
361:Political parties
331:Recent elections
150:
149:
104:National Assembly
1851:
1813:
1812:(United Kingdom)
1808:Tristan da Cunha
1804:Ascension Island
1796:
1783:
1774:
1750:Dependencies and
1443:Sovereign states
1431:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1384:
1377:
1216:
1215:
1172:
1147:
1146:
1040:
1039:
974:
973:
901:
856:
849:
842:
833:
832:
815:
814:
812:
811:
802:. Archived from
800:Kituo Cha Katiba
792:
568:
561:
554:
531:
530:
529:
168:
152:
151:
31:
19:
18:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1794:
1781:
1772:
1753:
1751:
1744:
1728:
1726:
1719:
1438:
1435:
1405:
1400:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1322:
1303:Public holidays
1201:
1170:
1132:
1025:
963:
952:
899:
869:
860:
823:
818:
809:
807:
794:
793:
789:
785:
750:Francis Nyalali
729:
709:
707:Changes in 1965
685:
645:
627:was led by the
597:
592:
572:
543:
539:Other countries
527:
525:
520:
519:
484:Vice Presidents
467:
457:
456:
437:Nationality law
433:
421:
401:
391:
390:
376:
366:
365:
355:
327:
317:
316:
307:Court of Appeal
290:
280:
279:
263:
253:
252:
246:Kassim Majaliwa
202:
192:
191:
182:
159:
129:Court of Appeal
17:
12:
11:
5:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:Western Sahara
1814:
1797:
1784:
1775:
1761:Canary Islands
1757:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Stock Exchange
1174:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1121:Prime Minister
1118:
1116:Vice President
1113:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:National Parks
998:
993:
988:
983:
977:
971:
965:
964:
955:
953:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
924:
923:
913:
908:
903:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
871:
870:
859:
858:
851:
844:
836:
830:
829:
822:
821:External links
819:
817:
816:
786:
784:
781:
728:
725:
708:
705:
684:
681:
644:
641:
629:First Minister
613:Bill of Rights
601:United Kingdom
596:
593:
591:
588:
574:
573:
571:
570:
563:
556:
548:
545:
544:
542:
541:
535:
522:
521:
518:
517:
516:
515:
510:
500:
499:
498:
492:
481:
480:
479:
477:Hussein Mwinyi
468:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
444:
439:
432:
431:
420:
419:
418:
417:
415:Stergomena Tax
402:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
383:
377:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
357:
356:
354:
353:
346:
341:
334:
328:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
304:
303:
302:
291:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
276:
275:
264:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
249:
248:
236:Prime Minister
233:
232:
231:
224:Vice-President
221:
220:
219:
203:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
183:
178:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
161:
160:
155:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
97:
91:
90:
87:
81:
80:
76:
75:
64:
58:
57:
54:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1856:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Guinea-Bissau
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:Ethnic groups
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
975:
972:
970:
966:
959:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
922:
919:
918:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
900:(World War I)
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
838:
837:
834:
828:
825:
824:
806:on 2010-04-28
805:
801:
797:
791:
787:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
733:
724:
722:
716:
714:
704:
702:
697:
695:
690:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
647:In 1962, the
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:head of state
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
587:
585:
581:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
549:
547:
546:
540:
537:
536:
534:
524:
523:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
497:
493:
491:
487:
486:
485:
482:
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56:16 March 1977
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1800:Saint Helena
1771:
1689:
1675:South Africa
1665:Sierra Leone
1470:Burkina Faso
1238:Demographics
1159:Central bank
1079:Human rights
1052:Constitution
1051:
906:British rule
808:. Retrieved
804:the original
799:
790:
778:
775:
772:
769:
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762:
734:
730:
717:
710:
700:
698:
686:
673:armed forces
646:
617:Elizabeth II
598:
583:
579:
577:
374:Subdivisions
349:
187:Human rights
180:Constitution
179:
70:presidential
41:Jurisdiction
1727:recognition
1680:South Sudan
1570:Ivory Coast
1355:Archipelago
1154:Agriculture
1083:LGBT rights
758:impeachment
452:Visa policy
429:in Tanzania
261:Legislature
135:Signatories
1833:Categories
1782:(Portugal)
1740:Somaliland
1660:Seychelles
1625:Mozambique
1610:Mauritania
1595:Madagascar
1550:The Gambia
1485:Cape Verde
1278:Literature
1258:Healthcare
1171:(currency)
1094:Parliament
1063:High Court
1057:Corruption
911:Tanganyika
810:2023-06-19
783:References
701:ad interim
663:. The new
605:Tanganyika
312:High Court
273:Job Ndugai
200:Government
143:Supersedes
100:Unicameral
1615:Mauritius
1268:Languages
1243:Education
1197:Transport
1169:Shilling
1164:Companies
1104:President
1069:Elections
1016:Volcanoes
986:Districts
969:Geography
713:one-party
637:judiciary
625:executive
472:President
386:Districts
337:General:
325:Elections
288:Judiciary
207:President
124:Judiciary
117:President
112:Executive
1806: /
1802: /
1795:(France)
1789: /
1767: /
1763: /
1715:Zimbabwe
1690:Tanzania
1540:Ethiopia
1535:Eswatini
1515:Djibouti
1480:Cameroon
1465:Botswana
1391:Category
1332:Zanzibar
1308:Religion
1263:HIV/AIDS
1182:Taxation
1089:Military
1061:Courts (
1035:Politics
1021:Wildlife
883:Timeline
867:articles
863:Tanzania
689:Zanzibar
494:Second:
465:Zanzibar
442:Passport
411:Minister
95:Chambers
85:Branches
73:republic
45:Tanzania
36:Overview
1791:RĂ©union
1787:Mayotte
1778:Madeira
1773:(Spain)
1769:Melilla
1700:Tunisia
1670:Somalia
1655:Senegal
1640:Nigeria
1630:Namibia
1620:Morocco
1585:Liberia
1580:Lesotho
1530:Eritrea
1500:Comoros
1475:Burundi
1450:Algeria
1375:Outline
1340:History
1233:Culture
1223:Cuisine
1211:Society
1192:Tourism
1142:Economy
1047:Cabinet
1006:Regions
991:Islands
875:History
742:liberal
671:of the
590:History
488:First:
381:Regions
268:Speaker
67:Unitary
1810:
1793:
1780:
1710:Zambia
1705:Uganda
1645:Rwanda
1600:Malawi
1560:Guinea
1455:Angola
1396:Portal
1350:Unguja
1011:Rivers
981:Cities
938:Ujamaa
865:
623:. The
62:System
1765:Ceuta
1685:Sudan
1635:Niger
1590:Libya
1575:Kenya
1555:Ghana
1545:Gabon
1520:Egypt
1460:Benin
1382:Index
1345:Pemba
1313:Sport
1288:Music
1283:Media
996:Lakes
633:party
89:Three
1695:Togo
1605:Mali
1495:Chad
1253:Flag
1227:wine
1126:List
1109:List
578:The
350:2025
344:2020
339:2015
240:list
211:list
1835::
798:.
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603:,
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