119:
154:
300:, the Red Flag Communist Party denounced co-operation with non-communist forces. Instead the party called for direct armed confrontation with the British as a means to achieve independence. The Red Flag Communist Party was significantly smaller than the White Flag Communist Party. Thakin Than Tun described the positions of the Red Flag Communist Party as 'left adventurism'.
278:
be handed over to him and his associates. Thakin Than Tun and Thein Pe did commit self-criticism (and temporarily resigned from their posts), but did not agree to Soe's demand to make him the party leader. Soe himself was removed from the
Central Committee. In response Soe broke with the Communist
340:
In
January 1947, the party was again banned. In response, the party went underground. The White Flag Communist Party had again protested against the ban on the Communist Party (Burma). In April 1947, the Communist Party (Burma) called for a boycott of the elections to the Constituent Assembly. By
407:
governments, would continue until the capture of Thakin Soe by government forces in 1970. In
November 1970, army forces stormed Thakin Soe's hideout and the last stronghold of the party in the northern fringes of the Arakan Yoma mountain range. He was taken to
391:
launched the 'Arms for
Democracy' programme in 1958, several fighters of the party deserted to the government. Many might also have simply returned to their villages quietly. In 1961, the party was estimated to have around 500 fighters.
291:
The party was labelled the 'Red Flag
Communist Party' (as opposed to the 'White Flag Communist Party', i.e. the main Communist Party of Burma) due to the colour of their armbands. Whilst the White Flag Communist Party employed a
420:
In 1978 the forces of the Red Flag
Communist Party in Arakan and the Communist Party of Arakan were targets of an annihilation campaign by the Burma Army in the rural areas of the region. The party was forced to retreat to the
274:. In response, Thakin Soe labelled Ba Pe 'a tool of the imperialists'. Wary of the risk of the unity of AFPFL, the party leadership initiated a disciplinary process against Thakin Soe. Thakin Soe demanded that control over the
336:
had objected to the ban on the
Communist Party (Burma), and ensured that the ban on the party was lifted temporarily in October 1946. He had, however, not associated himself with any public protest against the ban.
323:
The government also declared the
Communist Party (Burma) itself an unlawful association on 10 July 1946. The White Flag Communist Party protested that the ban was an infringement on civil liberties.
713:
360:, the Communist Party (Burma) made an alliance with Rakhine separatist rebels under the leadership of nationalist monk U Seinda. In 1958, U Seinda forces surrendered to the government.
243:
The party emerged from a split in the
Communist Party of Burma in February 1946. Thakin Soe, a former guerrilla leader, had staked claims for the leadership of the party. He denounced
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737:
326:
The party initiated an armed campaign against the
British colonial rule and the 'rightwing' elements of the AFPFL in July 1946. Soe was also to recruit some elements from the
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371:. They were led by Kyaw Zan Rhee, a prominent Arakanese political leader, and Bo Maung Han. The Arakan Communist Party called for independence for Arakan.
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Arakanese Nationalism and the Struggle for National self-determination (An overview of Arakanese political history up to 1988)
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the party, as well as other rebel groups, began to suffer from defections from its armed wing. The strong performance of the
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across Burma, a movement which called on peasants to stop paying rents and taxes. In July 1946, the governor of Burma Sir
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had convinced many leftwing sympathizers that armed rebellion was not the sole path of political struggles. When
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819:. Southeast Asia Program series, no. 6. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. p. 28
789:. Southeast Asia Program series, no. 6. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. p. 27
759:. Contemporary issues in Asia and the Pacific. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1995. pp. 183, 371
681:. Southeast Asia Program series, no. 6. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. p. 67
523:. Southeast Asia Program series, no. 6. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. p. 10
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235:, a firebrand communist leader. In the 1970s, the party lost influence and was militarily defeated by 1978.
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In 1949 the party expelled Thakin Tin Mya. Thakin Tin Mya later re-joined the Communist Party of Burma.
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804:. Contemporary issues in Asia and the Pacific. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1995. p. 369
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Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, and Literature
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issued a ban on the Red Flag Cultivators Unions and the labour wing of the party, the
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666:. Essay index reprint series. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1972. p. 73
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and six members of the Communist Party of Burma sided with Thakin Soe's new party.
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in 1946. In the same year, it began a protracted armed insurgency; first against
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The Development of a Muslim Enclave in Arakan (Rakhine) State, Burma (Myanmar)
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219:. The party was formed after a more radical faction broke away from the
333:
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50:
801:
Political Legitimacy in Southeast Asia: The Quest for Moral Authority
756:
Political Legitimacy in Southeast Asia: The Quest for Moral Authority
531:
529:
395:
Thakin Soe participated in the 1963 peace talks with the government.
90:
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and imprisoned. The party almost disappeared after Soe's arrest.
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1948, the armed operations of the party were concentrated to the
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in January 1946. Ba Pe had denounced the political system in the
255:', charging that the two had taken a compromising stand towards
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In 1962 the party suffered a setback, as a group of members in
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216:
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The armed campaign of the party, against both the AFPFL and
1380:
United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia
774:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2005. p. 514
388:
262:
The inner-party conflict had erupted after a speech by the
711:
Two Arakanese communists released after 20-years in prison
571:. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1974. p. 153
556:. Berkeley, Calif: Univ. of California Press, 1973. p. 137
892:
651:. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1969. p. 95
474:. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1959. p. 33
1360:
Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee
816:
The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB)
786:
The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB)
678:
The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB)
636:. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2003. pp. 103, 116
520:
The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB)
415:
279:
Party of Burma and formed the Communist Party (Burma).
768:
Schmid, Alex Peter, A.J. Jongman, and Michael Stohl.
832:
535:
471:
Marxism in Southeast Asia; A Study of Four Countries
445:
568:Peasant Rebellion and Communist Revolution in Asia
1518:
303:
833:Khrushchev, Nikita; Khrushchev, Sergey (2004).
633:Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma
598:Burmese CP in relations between China and Burma
1488:Union Peace Conference – 21st Century Panglong
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296:line of working within the framework of the
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565:Badgley, John H., and John Wilson Lewis.
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172:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
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894:Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar
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298:Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League
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615:South East Asia, Colonial History
1403:China–Myanmar border (1960–1961)
618:. London: Routledge, 2001. p. 21
536:Khrushchev & Khrushchev 2004
446:Khrushchev & Khrushchev 2004
195:), sometimes referred to as the
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405:Burma Socialist Programme Party
330:to take part in the rebellion.
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25:Political party in Myanmar
1:
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304:Mass work, ban and insurgency
1537:Communist parties in Myanmar
1527:1946 establishments in Burma
1501:Internal conflict in Myanmar
836:Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev
468:, in Trager, Frank N (ed.).
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381:1956 parliamentary elections
308:The party began building up
259:and opportunistic elements.
7:
700:, Vol 3, No. 2, Autumn 2005
310:Red Flag Cultivators Unions
10:
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367:broke away and formed the
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369:Communist Party of Arakan
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221:Communist Party of Burma
197:Red Flag Communist Party
193:ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ (ဗမာပြည်)
76:Communist Party of Burma
37:ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ (ဗမာပြည်)
35:
18:Communist Party of Burma
16:Not to be confused with
464:Seabury Thomson, John.
423:Bangladesh–Burma border
287:Red Flag vs. White Flag
231:. The party was led by
185:Communist Party (Burma)
101:Political position
33:Communist Party (Burma)
740:20 August 2010 at the
318:Red Flag Labour Unions
160:This article contains
1398:Communist (1948–1988)
595:Hensengerth, Oliver.
583:Burmese Economic Life
399:Capture of Thakin Soe
385:National United Front
839:. Penn State Press.
716:14 July 2011 at the
580:Andrus, J. Russell.
498:Thompson, Virginia.
798:Alagappa, Muthiah.
753:Alagappa, Muthiah.
227:, then against the
205:အလံနီကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ
130:Politics of Myanmar
1365:Federal Union Army
732:Win, Khaing Aung.
645:Butwell, Richard.
612:Kratoska, Paul H.
506:Far Eastern Survey
501:Burma's Communists
229:Burmese government
60:February 1946
1514:
1513:
1370:Northern Alliance
813:Lintner, Bertil.
783:Lintner, Bertil.
675:Lintner, Bertil.
663:Struggle for Asia
550:Jukes, Geoffrey.
517:Lintner, Bertil.
352:Arakan insurgency
276:Central Committee
168:rendering support
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