475:
75:
423:
587:
579:
1614:
59:
176:
842:
From the beginning of the 20th century the port of
Mindelo lost its importance for transatlantic navigation. Causes for this were the shift from coal to oil as fuel for ships, the rise of competing ports like Dakar and the Canary Islands and the lack of investment in port infrastructure. Due to its
162:
163:
165:
164:
161:
160:
159:
158:
111:
800:
started hunting whales around the Azores and the Cape Verde
Islands. They used the harbours of Brava to stock up on supplies and drinking water. They hired men from Brava as sailors, and several of these settled around the Massachusetts whaling port of
112:
136:
110:
137:
134:
133:
135:
157:
671:) on the south coast of Santiago. The settlement became a key port of call for Portuguese colonisation in both Africa and South America. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was a centre of maritime trade of points among Africa, the
474:
155:
109:
132:
901:
Cape Verde
Islanders had higher educational levels and were often appointed to low-level administrative posts in Portuguese territories. Thereby they acquired a reputation of loyalty to Lisbon.
890:
between the
Portuguese government and the PAIGC, recognising the independence of Guinea-Bissau and the right to independence of Cape Verde. On 5 July 1975, at Praia, Portugal's Prime Minister
1128:
156:
107:
130:
847:
occurred in 1941–43 and 1947–48, killing an estimated 45,000 people. Several thousands of islanders emigrated, for instance accepting contract labour on the cocoa plantations of
879:
526:
3541:
398:
108:
1213:"Managing the Prospect of Famine. Cape Verdean Officials, Subsistence Emergencies, and the Change of Elite Attitudes During Portugal's Late Colonial Phase, 1939-1961"
882:(PAIGC). However, there was no armed conflict in Cape Verde, and ultimately independence for Cape Verde resulted from negotiation with Portugal after the April 1974
131:
722:
3816:
749:, who were often, but not always, of Jewish origin. Most married or had unions with African women, creating close trade ties with their families and clans.
1355:
3811:
3821:
757:
The riches of
Ribeira Grande and conflicts between Portugal and rival colonial powers France and Britain attracted pirate attacks, including those by
533:
3508:
3498:
565:
74:
3826:
3534:
1254:
AntĂłnio Costa Pinto, "The transition to democracy and
Portugal's decolonization", in Stewart Lloyd-Jones and AntĂłnio Costa Pinto (eds., 2003).
843:
generally dry climate, Cape Verde has been struck by a series of drought-related famines between the 1580s and the 1950s. Two of Cape Verde's
1012:
1613:
1108:
3806:
1304:
1907:
3831:
3527:
1348:
915:
618:
3765:
2003:
1953:
848:
3493:
3716:
3379:
3389:
3289:
1287:
Alexander Keese, "The role of Cape
Verdeans in war mobilization and war prevention in Portugal's African empire, 1955-1965."
1263:
3701:
3796:
2556:
1341:
558:
17:
3801:
3483:
998:
416:
3635:
3584:
3069:
1212:
859:
1031:
3488:
3399:
920:
3478:
788:
in 1680 covered much of the island of Fogo in ash, which forced many inhabitants to flee to the nearby island of
3348:
1164:
Brooks, George E. (2006). "Cabo Verde: Gulag of the South
Atlantic: Racism, Fishing Prohibitions, and Famines".
3791:
551:
454:
3302:
3263:
80:
3579:
3276:
3250:
222:
774:
293:
802:
762:
700:
629:
3650:
3589:
712:
704:
657:
653:
649:
708:
688:
683:. Due to its proximity to the African coast, it was an essential platform for the Atlantic trade of
253:
3676:
855:
834:, lined with grand colonial buildings and mansions. Slavery was abolished in Cape Verde in 1876.
664:. There is no evidence of human settlement on Cape Verde prior to the arrival of the Portuguese.
539:
1112:
3696:
3691:
3671:
3358:
2803:
2449:
777:
in 1587-93, Ribeira Grande remained vulnerable and went into decline. The capital was moved to
499:
403:
281:
58:
3760:
3550:
3157:
1776:
1733:
910:
463:
1276:
Acordo entre o governo
Português e o Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde
3686:
3625:
2927:
2462:
1674:
883:
844:
733:
719:
637:
633:
509:
504:
241:
8:
3681:
3620:
3325:
2947:
353:
215:
732:
Jews forced to accept baptism and conversion to
Christianity but considered suspect, to
605:
from the initial settlement of the Cape Verde Islands in 1462 until the independence of
96:
2858:
1439:
1237:
1193:
770:
64:
1275:
891:
641:
3745:
3735:
3726:
3711:
2744:
2027:
2020:
1974:
1849:
1743:
1485:
1426:
1364:
1259:
1197:
1166:
863:
789:
684:
672:
602:
586:
578:
494:
345:
195:
190:
1241:
871:
3770:
3755:
3750:
3574:
3503:
2993:
2969:
2937:
2389:
1984:
1229:
1183:
1175:
1087:
1077:
692:
1066:"Damage from lava flows: insights from the 2014–2015 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde"
895:
3315:
3237:
2591:
1573:
826:
809:
766:
1051:
986:
967:"Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande - UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
3706:
3645:
3630:
2868:
2707:
2150:
2110:
1806:
1534:
1413:
1143:"Ending Slavery in Cabo Verde: Between Manumission and Emancipation, 1856-1876"
999:
Inventário dos recursos turĂsticos do municĂpio de Ribeira Brava de SĂŁo Nicolau
821:
1233:
1129:
Génese e desenvolvimento da cidade do Mindelo: a preservação de uma identidade
1082:
1065:
875:
3785:
2717:
2673:
2304:
2191:
1472:
1319:
1306:
867:
797:
758:
369:
119:
3068:
1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent
2894:
2254:
2074:
1786:
1142:
785:
668:
661:
144:
1179:
632:(Son of King John I) and Antonio Noli, in the service of Henry's relative
3180:
2660:
2637:
2624:
2370:
2234:
2140:
1035:
645:
307:
3519:
1686:
1292:
923:(archives in Lisbon documenting Portuguese Empire, including Cape Verde)
745:
737:
3448:
3422:
3024:
2974:
2314:
2274:
1897:
1829:
1220:
1092:
606:
441:
1697:
966:
2683:
2493:
1547:
1521:
1449:
1188:
831:
727:
680:
1333:
175:
3610:
3564:
3170:
2917:
2780:
2757:
2734:
2581:
2545:
2165:
1796:
1560:
364:
3435:
953:
619:
History of Cape Verde § Portuguese discovery and colonisation
3666:
3640:
3615:
3569:
3118:
3047:
3004:
2881:
2614:
2508:
2211:
2160:
1940:
1871:
1819:
1766:
1462:
887:
813:
793:
870:
to the goal of liberation in Cape Verde. For instance, in 1956,
830:
of Praia was completely redeveloped with streets according to a
667:
In 1462, the Portuguese founded the town of Ribeira Grande (now
3605:
3132:
2907:
2601:
2434:
2413:
2264:
2169:
2130:
2120:
1918:
1860:
1720:
1653:
1586:
1508:
676:
598:
186:
2047:
3014:
2650:
2571:
2521:
2400:
2294:
2284:
2201:
2181:
2097:
2087:
2013:
1839:
1707:
1403:
778:
696:
205:
2244:
956:, Lourenço Conceição Gomes, Universidade Portucalense, 2008
880:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
817:
527:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
3072:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.
1256:
The Last Empire: Thirty Years of Portuguese Decolonization
2475:
740:, and Cape Verde. They were allowed to engage in trade.
636:. The southeastern islands, including the largest island
1013:"Judeus ibéricos deportados a São Tomé entre 1492-1497"
628:
The islands of Cape Verde were discovered in 1444 by
3089:
1289:
International journal of African historical studies
1140:
894:turned over power to National Assembly President
3783:
534:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
3509:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia
3499:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago
3210:
1010:
824:routes. In the course of the 19th century, the
812:took a rise from around 1800. The port city of
590:Proposed flag for Portuguese Cape Verde (1965)
582:Proposed flag for Portuguese Cape Verde (1932)
3817:States and territories disestablished in 1975
3535:
1349:
1131:, Fred Yanick Fonseca Delgado, 2016, p. 76-80
1100:
1063:
1047:
1045:
959:
886:. In August 1974, an agreement was signed in
559:
1064:S. F. Jenkins; et al. (20 March 2017).
1032:"Jews in Cape Verde and on the Guinea Coast"
954:Valor simbĂłlico do centro histĂłrico da Praia
3812:States and territories established in 1462
3542:
3528:
1356:
1342:
1124:
1122:
1042:
1029:
808:The exploitation of salt on the island of
687:. Other early Portuguese settlements were
566:
552:
174:
3822:Populated places established in the 1460s
3549:
2831:
1187:
1091:
1081:
820:depot was established to supply ships on
916:List of colonial governors of Cape Verde
585:
577:
3494:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
1119:
1106:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
866:often linked the goal of liberation of
743:Free-lance traders were referred to as
14:
3784:
1626:
1163:
1157:
1057:
1017:Morashá: História Judaica Moderna (79)
752:
3827:15th-century establishments in Africa
3523:
3209:
3088:
2830:
2341:
2046:
1625:
1375:
1363:
1337:
1210:
1204:
980:
898:, and Cape Verde became independent.
858:, those planning and fighting in the
648:. The remaining northwestern islands
3219:
3098:
2840:
2351:
2056:
2016:) and small temporary coastal bases.
1635:
1385:
1278:, Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril
934:
792:. From the end of the 18th century,
660:were discovered in 1461 or 1462 by
42:ProvĂncia Ultramarina de Cabo Verde
27:1462–1975 Portuguese colony in the
24:
3484:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
1001:, Direcção Geral do Turismo, p. 16
992:
25:
3843:
3807:Portuguese colonisation in Africa
1908:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin
854:In the lead-up to and during the
3832:1975 disestablishments in Africa
3489:Portuguese colonial architecture
3090:North America and North Atlantic
1954:Portuguese SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1612:
1376:
849:Portuguese SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
816:grew rapidly after 1838, when a
473:
421:
396:
153:
128:
105:
73:
57:
3479:Armorial of Portuguese colonies
1281:
1269:
1248:
1147:Journal of Cape Verdean Studies
1134:
987:Centre historique de SĂŁo Filipe
837:
773:). Despite the construction of
623:
38:Overseas Province of Cape Verde
2342:
1070:Journal of Applied Volcanology
1023:
1004:
13:
1:
2509:Portuguese Paliacate outpost
927:
921:Arquivo HistĂłrico Ultramarino
640:, were discovered in 1460 by
3251:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
3044: • 1938–1941
3021: • 1890–1999
3011: • 1851–1999
3001: • 1864–1999
2901: • 1578–1650
2888: • 1576–1605
2875: • 1522–1575
2800: • 1779–1954
2777: • 1687–1749
2714: • 1598–1610
2704: • 1579–1632
2680: • 1568–1659
2670: • 1559–1961
2657: • 1548–1658
2647: • 1540–1612
2634: • 1536–1662
2621: • 1535–1739
2598: • 1534–1661
2588: • 1534–1601
2578: • 1531–1571
2568: • 1531–1571
2552: • 1528–1666
2542: • 1523–1662
2518: • 1521–1740
2505: • 1518–1619
2472: • 1510–1961
2459: • 1507–1657
2446: • 1502–1661
2424: • 1502–1658
2410: • 1501–1663
2397: • 1500–1663
784:The eruption of the volcano
7:
3717:Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
3211:South America and Caribbean
1141:Lumumba H. Shabaka (2015).
904:
699:on Santiago (before 1516),
10:
3848:
3797:Former Portuguese colonies
3359:Nova ColĂłnia do Sacramento
2438:(CoulĂŁo / Kollam)
1509:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué
1109:"A History of Ilha do Sal"
1052:Centre historique de Praia
679:in South America, and the
630:Prince Henry the Navigator
616:
612:
3802:Former colonies in Africa
3725:
3659:
3598:
3557:
3474:
3216:
3205:
3095:
3084:
2837:
2826:
2560:(Porto Grande De Bengala)
2348:
2337:
2053:
2042:
1632:
1621:
1610:
1382:
1371:
1234:10.1017/S0165115312000368
1211:Keese, Alexander (2012).
1083:10.1186/s13617-017-0057-6
695:(between 1470 and 1490),
437:
375:
363:
341:
337:
327:
317:
313:
303:
299:
287:
277:• 1588–1591 (first)
275:
271:
263:
259:
247:
237:• 1462–1481 (first)
235:
231:
221:
211:
201:
182:
173:
91:
53:
48:
36:
1011:Reuven Faingold (2013).
775:Forte Real de SĂŁo Filipe
707:(mid 16th century), and
289:• 1974–1975 (last)
249:• 1974–1975 (last)
3390:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro
3309: • 1621–1815
3296: • 1578–1607
3283: • 1572–1578
3270: • 1572–1578
3257: • 1549–1572
3244: • 1534–1549
2611: • 1535
2483: • 1512–1525
2151:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)
856:Portuguese Colonial War
718:Between 1492 and 1497,
540:Portuguese Colonial War
3380:Grão-Pará and Maranhão
2804:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
591:
583:
500:Immigration to the USA
404:Uninhabited Cape Verde
3792:Portuguese Cape Verde
3551:Provinces of Portugal
3070:invasion by Indonesia
2832:East Asia and Oceania
2004:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1777:Portuguese Mozambique
1734:Portuguese Gold Coast
1291:40.3 (2007): 497-511
1180:10.1353/hia.2006.0008
911:History of Cape Verde
589:
581:
518:Independence struggle
490:Portuguese Cape Verde
212:Common languages
884:Carnation Revolution
720:Manuel I of Portugal
510:Famine in Cape Verde
505:Atlantic slave trade
329:• Independence
3766:SĂŁo TomĂ© e PrĂncipe
3580:Entre Douro e Minho
1723:(SĂŁo Jorge da Mina)
1574:SĂŁo JoĂŁo da Mamora
1416:(El Qsar es Seghir)
1316: /
1115:on 6 February 2016.
753:16th—19th centuries
319:• Established
125:Hymn of the Charter
18:Colonial Cape Verde
3727:Overseas provinces
3558:Medieval provinces
3436:Portuguese Guiana
3400:MaranhĂŁo and PiauĂ
3048:Lapa and Montanha
2859:Portuguese Malacca
2745:Portuguese Ceylon
2699:(Portuguese India)
2537:(Portuguese India)
2168: •
1627:Sub-Saharan Africa
1258:(Intellect Books,
1038:on 25 August 2012.
845:worst-ever famines
592:
584:
3779:
3778:
3660:Provinces of 1936
3599:Provinces of 1832
3517:
3516:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3405:
3404:
3364:
3363:
3331:
3330:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3140:
3139:
3080:
3079:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3038:Portuguese Macau
3030:
3029:
2983:
2982:
2953:
2952:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2794:Portuguese India
2786:
2785:
2771:Portuguese India
2763:
2762:
2726:
2725:
2689:
2688:
2527:
2526:
2381:
2380:
2371:Laccadive Islands
2333:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2217:
2216:
2038:
2037:
2028:Portuguese Angola
2021:Portuguese Guinea
1997:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1975:Portuguese Guinea
1959:
1958:
1925:
1924:
1880:
1879:
1850:Portuguese Angola
1749:
1748:
1744:Mascarene Islands
1608:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1491:
1490:
1459:1487–16th century
1365:Portuguese Empire
1264:978-1-84150-109-3
1167:History in Africa
864:Portuguese Guinea
691:on the island of
685:enslaved Africans
673:Cape of Good Hope
603:Portuguese Empire
576:
575:
495:Portuguese Empire
447:
446:
433:
432:
429:
428:
409:
408:
254:F. da Costa Gomes
196:Portuguese Empire
191:Overseas province
166:
138:
113:
16:(Redirected from
3839:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3504:Portuguese India
3452:
3439:
3426:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3314:
3301:
3288:
3275:
3262:
3249:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3220:
3207:
3206:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3099:
3086:
3085:
3051:
3041:
3040:
3036:
2998:
2997:
2994:Portuguese Macau
2991:
2979:
2978:
2970:Portuguese Timor
2962:
2961:
2959:
2906:
2893:
2880:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2841:
2828:
2827:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2748:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2693:
2692:
2664:
2641:
2628:
2605:
2561:
2531:
2530:
2512:
2498:
2487:
2466:
2453:
2452:(Cochin de Cima)
2439:
2428:
2417:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2390:Portuguese India
2387:
2375:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2173:
2101:
2078:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2044:
2043:
1985:Portuguese Congo
1968:
1967:
1965:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1921:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1875:
1863:
1810:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1724:
1711:
1689:
1677:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1538:
1537:(Souira Guedima)
1525:
1512:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1476:
1453:
1430:
1417:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1296:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1217:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1111:. Archived from
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1085:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1034:. Archived from
1030:Richard Lobban.
1027:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
963:
957:
951:
568:
561:
554:
482:Colonial history
477:
467:
449:
448:
425:
424:
413:
412:
400:
399:
393:
392:
377:
376:
294:V. Almeida d'Eça
178:
168:
167:
140:
139:
115:
114:
102:Patriotic Anthem
97:Hymno PatriĂłtico
77:
61:
34:
33:
21:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3751:Estado da ĂŤndia
3721:
3655:
3594:
3553:
3548:
3518:
3513:
3466:
3465:
3450:
3437:
3424:
3409:
3366:
3335:
3312:
3299:
3286:
3273:
3260:
3247:
3224:
3212:
3197:
3196:
3159:
3144:
3103:
3091:
3076:
3075:
3064:
3049:
3037:
3032:
2992:
2987:
2972:
2968:
2955:
2904:
2891:
2878:
2845:
2833:
2818:
2817:
2793:
2788:
2770:
2765:
2746:
2720:(Machilipatnam)
2719:
2662:
2639:
2626:
2603:
2592:Salsette Island
2563:
2559:
2558:
2510:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2464:
2451:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2402:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2356:
2344:
2329:
2328:
2221:
2163:
2099:
2076:
2061:
2049:
2034:
2033:
2030:from the 1920s.
1998:
1961:
1942:
1927:
1917:
1884:
1873:
1859:
1808:
1753:
1722:
1709:
1685:
1673:
1640:
1628:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1588:
1575:
1562:
1549:
1536:
1523:
1510:
1495:
1474:
1451:
1428:
1415:
1414:Alcácer Ceguer
1390:
1378:
1367:
1362:
1324:
1322:
1320:14.92°N 23.51°W
1318:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1253:
1249:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1162:
1158:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1120:
1105:
1101:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1043:
1028:
1024:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
971:
969:
965:
964:
960:
952:
935:
930:
907:
892:Vasco Gonçalves
840:
767:Jacques Cassard
755:
642:AntĂłnio de Noli
626:
621:
615:
572:
536:
529:
465:
458:
422:
397:
352:
330:
320:
290:
282:D. LĂ´bo da Gama
278:
250:
238:
193:
169:
154:
148:
142:
141:
129:
123:
117:
116:
106:
100:
87:
86:
85:
82:
78:
70:
69:
66:
62:
44:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3845:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3677:Baixo Alentejo
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3651:Trás-os-Montes
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3590:Trás-os-Montes
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3420:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3290:Rio de Janeiro
3284:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3160:(Newfoundland)
3155:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3114:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2966:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2492:
2490:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2379:
2378:
2369:
2367:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:(Bandar Abbas)
2072:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1298:
1297:
1280:
1268:
1247:
1203:
1156:
1133:
1118:
1099:
1056:
1041:
1022:
1003:
991:
979:
958:
932:
931:
929:
926:
925:
924:
918:
913:
906:
903:
860:armed conflict
839:
836:
754:
751:
701:Ribeira Grande
625:
622:
617:Main article:
614:
611:
574:
573:
571:
570:
563:
556:
548:
545:
544:
543:
542:
537:
532:
530:
525:
520:
519:
515:
514:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
484:
483:
479:
478:
470:
469:
460:
459:
452:
445:
444:
439:
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
419:
410:
407:
406:
401:
389:
388:
383:
373:
372:
367:
361:
360:
343:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
328:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
305:
304:Historical era
301:
300:
297:
296:
291:
288:
285:
284:
279:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
248:
245:
244:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
184:
180:
179:
171:
170:
152:
150:The Portuguese
127:
104:
89:
88:
79:
72:
71:
63:
56:
55:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
40:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3844:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:added in 1951
3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:Douro Litoral
3695:
3693:
3692:Beira Litoral
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:Alto Alentejo
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3460:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3208:
3204:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2829:
2825:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2718:Masulipatnam
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:Daman and Diu
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2663:(Thoothukudi)
2659:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2640:(Kodungallur)
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:(Vasai-Virar)
2623:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2374:(Lakshadweep)
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2336:
2323:
2316:
2315:Bandar-e Kong
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:Dibba Al-Hisn
2303:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2041:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:Fernando Poo
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
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1638:
1637:
1631:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1598:
1591:
1585:
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1578:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
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1542:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
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1393:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:14.92; -23.51
1294:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1153:(1): 109–132.
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1107:Ray Almeida.
1103:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1000:
995:
988:
983:
968:
962:
955:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
933:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
902:
899:
897:
896:AbĂlio Duarte
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:Guinea-Bissau
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
835:
833:
829:
828:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
799:
798:North America
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:Francis Drake
750:
748:
747:
741:
739:
735:
731:
729:
725:thousands of
724:
721:
716:
714:
710:
709:Ribeira Brava
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:King Afonso V
631:
620:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
588:
580:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
549:
547:
546:
541:
538:
535:
531:
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521:
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516:
511:
508:
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501:
498:
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487:
486:
485:
481:
480:
476:
472:
471:
468:
462:
461:
456:
451:
450:
443:
440:
438:Today part of
436:
420:
418:
415:
414:
411:
405:
402:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
374:
371:
368:
366:
365:ISO 3166 code
362:
358:
357:
354:Cape Verdean
350:
349:
346:Cape Verdean
344:
340:
336:
332:
326:
322:
316:
312:
309:
306:
302:
298:
295:
292:
286:
283:
280:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
252:
246:
243:
240:
234:
230:
226:
224:
223:Head of state
220:
217:
214:
210:
207:
204:
200:
197:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
172:
151:
146:
126:
122:" (1826–1910)
121:
120:Hino da Carta
103:
98:
94:
90:
84:
76:
68:
60:
52:
47:
43:
35:
31:Verde Islands
30:
19:
3740:
3458:
3411:19th century
3410:
3408:
3368:18th century
3367:
3365:
3337:17th century
3336:
3334:
3226:16th century
3225:
3223:
3189:
3146:16th century
3145:
3143:
3131:
3130:
3117:
3116:
3105:15th century
3104:
3102:
3057:
3034:20th century
3033:
3031:
2989:19th century
2988:
2986:
2957:17th century
2956:
2954:
2847:16th century
2846:
2844:
2810:
2790:18th century
2789:
2787:
2767:17th century
2766:
2764:
2465:(Nagapatnam)
2385:16th century
2384:
2382:
2358:15th century
2357:
2355:
2321:
2223:17th century
2222:
2220:
2192:Tarut Island
2063:16th century
2062:
2060:
2048:Middle East
2014:Anosy Region
1991:
1963:19th century
1962:
1960:
1929:18th century
1928:
1926:
1886:17th century
1885:
1883:
1787:Saint Helena
1755:16th century
1754:
1752:
1663:
1642:15th century
1641:
1639:
1596:
1497:16th century
1496:
1494:
1392:15th century
1391:
1389:
1377:North Africa
1301:
1288:
1283:
1271:
1266:) pp. 22–24.
1255:
1250:
1228:(1): 49–69.
1225:
1219:
1206:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1113:the original
1102:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1036:the original
1025:
1016:
1006:
994:
982:
970:. Retrieved
961:
900:
878:founded the
853:
841:
838:20th century
825:
807:
786:Pico do Fogo
783:
756:
744:
742:
726:
717:
669:Cidade Velha
666:
662:Diogo Afonso
627:
624:15th century
594:
593:
489:
386:Succeeded by
385:
380:
355:
351:(until 1914)
347:
149:
145:A Portuguesa
124:
101:
92:
81:Coat of arms
41:
28:
3702:Estremadura
3687:Beira Baixa
3636:Estremadura
3626:Beira Baixa
3585:Estremadura
3449:Upper Peru
3423:Cisplatina
3181:Nova Scotia
3158:Terra Nova
2747:(Sri Lanka)
2638:Cranganore
2497:(Kozhikode)
2450:Pallipuram
2235:Khor Fakkan
2188:1521?–1551?
2012:A factory (
1550:(El Jadida)
1524:(Essaouira)
1452:(El Jadida)
1323: /
1174:: 101–135.
1093:10356/85772
972:14 November
876:LuĂs Cabral
803:New Bedford
796:ships from
713:SĂŁo Nicolau
705:Santo AntĂŁo
658:Santo AntĂŁo
654:SĂŁo Vicente
650:SĂŁo Nicolau
646:Diogo Gomes
464:History of
381:Preceded by
359:(from 1914)
333:5 July 1975
308:Imperialism
147:" (1910–75)
99:" (1808–26)
83:(1951–1975)
67:(1910–1975)
3786:Categories
3761:Moçambique
3741:Cabo Verde
3682:Beira Alta
3621:Beira Alta
3177:1516–1579?
3167:1500–1579?
3154:1500–1579?
3025:Ilha Verde
2975:East Timor
2661:Tuticorin
2557:Chittagong
2463:Negapatam
2414:Cannanore
2343:South Asia
2178:1521–1529?
2147:1515–1633?
2023:from 1879.
2006:from 1753.
1898:Ziguinchor
1830:Madagascar
1664:Cape Verde
1563:(Azemmour)
1221:Itinerario
928:References
689:SĂŁo Filipe
607:Cape Verde
595:Cape Verde
466:Cape Verde
442:Cape Verde
417:Cape Verde
216:Portuguese
3451:(Bolivia)
3432:1809–1817
3425:(Uruguay)
3419:1808–1822
3396:1772–1775
3386:1772–1775
3376:1751–1772
3355:1680–1777
3345:1621–1751
3322:1536–1620
3234:1500–1822
3050:(Hengqin)
2965:1642–1975
2944:1580–1586
2934:1557–1999
2928:Larantuka
2924:1515–1859
2914:1512–1665
2865:1512–1621
2855:1511–1641
2754:1558–1573
2741:1518–1658
2731:1518–1521
2684:Mangalore
2511:(Pulicat)
2429:1659–1661
2366:1498–1545
2301:1624–1648
2251:1621–1622
2208:1588–1648
2198:1550–1551
2157:1521–1602
2127:1515–1650
2107:1515–1648
2094:1515–1622
2084:1507–1643
2071:1506–1615
1981:1885–1974
1971:1879–1974
1950:1753–1975
1943:(Mombasa)
1941:Mombassa
1937:1728–1729
1914:1687–1974
1904:1680–1961
1894:1645–1888
1874:(Mombasa)
1872:Mombassa
1868:1593–1698
1856:1588–1974
1846:1575–1975
1836:1557–1578
1826:1508–1547
1816:1506–1511
1803:1505–1512
1793:1503–1698
1783:1502–1659
1773:1501–1975
1763:1500–1630
1740:1498–1540
1730:1482–1642
1717:1482–1637
1704:1478–1778
1694:1474–1778
1682:1471–1975
1670:1470–1975
1660:1462–1975
1650:1455–1633
1583:1577–1589
1570:1515–1541
1557:1513–1541
1544:1506–1769
1531:1506–1525
1518:1506–1525
1505:1505–1541
1469:1488–1541
1446:1485–1550
1436:1471–1662
1423:1471–1550
1410:1458–1550
1400:1415–1640
1198:162287310
1189:2022/3269
832:grid plan
781:in 1770.
728:conversos
681:Caribbean
609:in 1975.
49:1462–1975
3712:Ribatejo
3611:Alentejo
3565:Alentejo
3349:MaranhĂŁo
3326:Barbados
3171:Labrador
2948:Nagasaki
2918:Makassar
2781:Mylapore
2758:Maldives
2735:Maldives
2604:(Mumbai)
2546:Mylapore
2416:(Kannur)
2166:Muharraq
2026:Part of
2019:Part of
2009:Or 1600.
2002:Part of
1797:Zanzibar
1687:PrĂncipe
1675:São Tomé
1589:(Asilah)
1576:(Mehdya)
1548:Mazagan
1522:Mogador
1511:(Agadir)
1486:Graciosa
1450:Mazagan
1429:(Asilah)
1242:59064950
1054:, UNESCO
989:, UNESCO
905:See also
822:Atlantic
746:lançados
738:PrĂncipe
734:São Tomé
715:(1653).
638:Santiago
455:a series
453:Part of
342:Currency
264:Governor
242:Afonso V
3667:Algarve
3641:Madeira
3616:Algarve
3570:Algarve
3438:(Amapá)
3119:Madeira
3005:Coloane
2882:Ternate
2625:BaçaĂm
2615:Ponnani
2602:Bombay
2494:Calicut
2403:(Kochi)
2401:Cochim
2311:1624?–?
2275:Libedia
2241:1621?–?
2161:Bahrain
2137:1515?–?
2111:Quriyat
2100:(Ormus)
2098:Hormuz
1820:Socotra
1809:(Kilwa)
1807:QuĂloa
1767:Malindi
1721:Elmina
1710:(Bioko)
1698:AnnobĂłn
1587:Arzila
1561:Azamor
1463:Ouadane
1440:Tangier
1427:Arzila
1311:23°31′W
1308:14°55′N
888:Algiers
872:AmĂlcar
827:Plateau
814:Mindelo
794:whaling
613:History
601:of the
202:Capital
194:of the
95: "
93:Anthem:
3736:Angola
3606:Açores
3459:
3316:Brazil
3313:
3303:Brazil
3300:
3287:
3274:
3264:Brazil
3261:
3248:
3238:Brazil
3190:
3133:Azores
3058:
2908:Tidore
2905:
2892:
2879:
2869:Maluku
2811:
2696:
2534:
2486:
2435:Quilon
2427:
2322:
2291:1624–?
2281:1624–?
2271:1623–?
2265:Khasab
2261:1623–?
2245:As Sib
2231:1620–?
2212:Matrah
2170:Manama
2131:Muscat
2121:Qalhat
2117:1515–?
2075:Gamru
1992:
1919:Bissau
1861:Cacheu
1654:Arguim
1597:
1475:(Safi)
1473:Safim
1293:online
1262:
1240:
1196:
765:) and
723:exiled
677:Brazil
599:colony
597:was a
457:on the
356:escudo
267:
227:
187:Colony
183:Status
3771:Timor
3756:Macau
3746:Guiné
3707:Minho
3646:Minho
3631:Douro
3575:Beira
3277:Bahia
3015:Taipa
2938:Macau
2895:Ambon
2708:Hugli
2651:Surat
2582:Chalé
2572:Chaul
2522:Chaul
2295:Madha
2285:Kalba
2255:Qeshm
2202:Qatif
2182:Qatif
2141:Barka
2088:Sohar
1840:Accra
1535:Aguz
1404:Ceuta
1238:S2CID
1226:XXXVI
1216:(PDF)
1194:S2CID
790:Brava
779:Praia
697:Praia
206:Praia
3445:1822
3127:1432
3113:1420
2488:1750
1482:1489
1260:ISBN
974:2018
874:and
818:coal
771:1712
763:1585
693:Fogo
656:and
644:and
348:real
323:1462
65:Flag
29:Cabo
2476:Goa
1230:doi
1184:hdl
1176:doi
1088:hdl
1078:doi
862:in
810:Sal
711:on
703:on
3788::
1236:.
1224:.
1218:.
1192:.
1182:.
1172:33
1170:.
1149:.
1145:.
1121:^
1086:.
1076:.
1072:.
1068:.
1044:^
1015:.
936:^
851:.
805:.
736:,
675:,
652:,
370:CV
189:;
3543:e
3536:t
3529:v
2977:)
2973:(
2172:)
2164:(
1357:e
1350:t
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1295:.
1244:.
1232::
1200:.
1186::
1178::
1151:2
1096:.
1090::
1080::
1074:6
1019:.
976:.
769:(
761:(
730:,
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560:t
553:v
143:"
118:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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