157:
1084:
668:
1207:
466:
927:
1115:
1243:
1267:
1072:
676:
1099:
1255:
1231:
489:
1219:
1473:(at the time still in Algeria) signed an agreement at the end of August that year to give Portugese Guinea and Cape Verde both paths to independence, with the islands planned to hold a referendum on such in the near future. However, such referendum never ended up being scheduled, with the PAIGC renouncing the agreement by the next February as they established their government on the islands, asking for immedate independence without a referendum instead. On 5 July in Praia, Portuguese Prime Minister
1289:
1297:
283:
35:
1540:
747:. This was the first permanent European settlement in the tropics. The first settlers included Portuguese, Genoese, and Flemish adventurers; reprieved convicts; and Sephardic Jews fleeing persecution. In 1466, with the settlement failing to attract enough settlers, Afonso gave the population trading rights in all of West Africa except
1413:
because of their lighter skin. A small minority received an education, and Cape Verde was the first
African-Portuguese colony to have an institution of higher education. By the time of independence, one-quarter of the population could read (compared to five percent in Portuguese Guinea, present-day
1341:
Two of Cabo Verde's worst-ever famines occurred in 1941-43 and 1947-48, killing an estimated 45,000 people. The massive disaster was not reported in the
Portuguese press, and no food aid was sent, due to World War II. Half the population of Fogo perished. Portuguese authorities forbade reporting on
1304:
Throughout much of the 20th century, the colonial government organized forced emigration to supply "contract" labor for
Portugal's tropical colonies. Between 1900 and 1970, particularly during periods of famine when people were desperate, some 80,000 Cabo Verdeans were shipped to the plantations of
1421:
Literate Cape
Verdeans became aware of the pressures for independence which were building on the mainland. The islands continued experiencing droughts, famines, epidemics and volcanic eruptions amid Portuguese government indifference. Thousands of people died of starvation during the first half of
1191:
was abolished in 1863, and slavery in 1864, but much of the population remained dependent on their former masters, renting or sharecropping land. The decline of the slave trade dealt a blow to Cape Verde's economy. The shipping traffic at
Mindelo, however, served as an important engine of economic
1167:
to refuel ships with coal, water, and other supplies beginning in 1839, and the city flourished. Two attempts to move the colonial capital from Praia were made: a plan to move to Picos in 1831 when another famine struck Cape Verde, and
Mindelo was proposed in 1838. Many people did not want to move
1041:
Pico do Fogo again erupted in 1769. This was the last time it erupted from the top, although it also erupted in 1785 and 1799. Another famine, affecting Brava and Fogo, began in 1774; 20,000 people starved. Fogo's population dropped from 5,700 to 4,200 around 1777. The
Company's mismanagement made
1367:
In 1952, the
Portuguese government planned to transfer over 10,000 settlers to the island of São Tomé in São Tomé and Príncipe (another Portuguese colony) to work on plantations. Africans came primarily from the islands of São Nicolau, Santiago, Santo Antão, Fogo, and Brava. When the two colonies
1567:
during the PAICV regime; Veiga was prime minister during most of
Monteiro's presidency, stepping aside to campaign. In what might have been one of the closest races in electoral history, Pires won by 12 votes; he and Veiga each received nearly half the votes. Pires was narrowly re-elected in the
1032:
was granted a 20-year monopoly on all trade in Cape Verde and the West
African coast. Its agents ruthlessly exploited the islands' inhabitants, commandeering panos, liquor, food, and other supplies regardless of droughts and famines. Many were recruited for service in Guinea. Construction of the
1437:
In 1926, Portugal had become a rightist dictatorship which regarded the colonies as an economic frontier to be developed in the interest of Portugal and the Portuguese. Famines, unemployment, poverty, and the failure of the Portuguese government to address those issues caused resentment, but
1159:
accused Martins of abetting the plot and arrested him. A new governor, Joaquim Pereira Marinho, arrived in September to restore order. He attempted to start local fishing companies, where previously Cape Verdean had been banned from owning boats for fear of slaves escaping, but his successor
561:
were one island, and another island known as Nola (Ilha da Nola, northwest of Santo Antão) was about 80 to 90 metres (260 to 300 ft) meters above sea level. Before the end of the Ice Age, the Eastern Island (Ilha Occidental) split into three islands; one became submerged and is now the
751:. He rescinded this a few years later, when the monarchy began selling lucrative trade monopolies instead, but enterprising Cape Verdeans and Luso-Africans would still play a prominent role in the first centuries of European trade in the region, often in defiance of the Portuguese crown.
1457:
in which only Portuguese citizens could vote. Only 25,521 people registered to vote out of a total population of 272,071, and a total of 20,942 people voted. The Portuguese constitution banned political parties at the time, and most of the candidates were put forward by the ruling
1083:
970:
erupted in 1680, which resulted in the movement of the population to Brava and other regions (including Brazil). For a few years, the volcano was a natural lighthouse for sailors. The latter decades of the 17th century also saw the first emigration flows from the islands to
1320:
Mindelo became the most-used transatlantic telegraph station in 1912. A total of 669 ships were refueled each year at the port, reaching 1,927 ships a decade later. When gasoline began to be used as fuel, however, Mindelo could not rival the improved port facilities of
1469:, Cape Verde became more autonomous but continued to have an overseas governor until that post became a high commissioner. Widespread unrest forced the government to negotiate with the PAIGC, and agreements for an independent Cape Verde were on the table.
1025:, which destroyed the ground vegetation that provided moisture. Three major droughts during the 18th and 19th centuries resulted in well over 100,000 people starving to death. The Portuguese government sent little relief during the droughts.
1445:
After World War II, Portugal was intent on holding onto its former colonies (known since 1951 as overseas territories). When most former African colonies gained independence between 1957 and 1964, the Portuguese still held on. After the
1150:
used the unrest to form a junta with other leading civilians, driving the governor out and ruling the islands until 1823. Martins was officially appointed prefect of the province in 1833. Soon after he took office, he disbanded the
523:(two to three million years ago). Millions of years after the seamounts rose above the Atlantic, the first lizards, insects and plants came to the archipelago, possibly on ocean currents from the African mainland when the ocean's
1037:
in Bissau cost more than 2,600 lives, most of them Cabo Verdean laborers. Textiles were smuggled and sold on the black market. Between 1766 and 1776, 95,000 "barafulas" (Cape Verdean textiles) were imported to the Guinean coast.
156:
1010:. This began a stream of male immigration to the American colonies. Praia, with its natural harbor, became the permanent capital in 1770 as the plantation economy diminished in importance relative to trade and naval supply.
1511:
Responding to growing pressure for a political opening, the PAICV called an emergency congress in February 1990 to discuss proposed constitutional changes to end one-party rule. Opposition groups came together to form the
1337:
had also rerouted much of the maritime traffic out of the south Atlantic. The use of coal declined, leading to a coal strike in 1912 due to insufficient work. When the Great Depression began in 1930, ship activity ended.
1408:
Although Cape Verde was neglected by Portugal, Portuguese treatment of Cape Verdeans was differed from their treatment of other colonized peoples; the people of Cape Verde fared slightly better than Africans in other
874:
Cabo Verdean society at this period was deeply segregated and hierarchical. At the top were the peninsula-born Portuguese whites, mostly government officials, soldiers, and the upper clergy. The next group were the
1516:(MpD) in Praia in April of that year, and campaigned for the right to contest the presidential election scheduled for December 1990. The one-party state was abolished on 28 September of that year, and the
1598:, when his party ousted the ruling PAICV for the first time in 15 years. In April 2021, the ruling party, led by Prime Minister Jose Ulisses Correia e Silva, maintained its parliamentary majority in the
1042:
the situation worse, as they sold desperately needed food and raised the prices of what little was available. In 1778 the monopoly ended, and the Portuguese created the Province of Cabo Verde e Guine.
570:
widened to provide 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) separation from Santo Antão, Nola Island was submerged and again became a seamount, and eastern Northwest Island broke up into São Vicente, the smaller
729:(also captains in the service of Prince Henry) discovered the remaining islands of the archipelago. When they first landed in Cape Verde, the islands were barren of people but not of vegetation.
1532:
defeated the PAICV candidate, 73.5 percent to 26.5 percent. Legislative elections in December 1995 increased the MpD majority in the National Assembly, where the party held 50 of its 72 seats.
549:, the sea level dropped to about 130 metres (430 ft) below its current level. Cape Verde's islands were slightly larger, and there was a large island known as Northwest Island.
629:
Pliny, citing the Greek writer Xenophon of Lampsacus, placed the Gorgades at two days' travel from "Hesperu Ceras" (the westernmost part of the African continent, today called
2484:
1423:
1397:
208:
1454:
2397:
953:
1352:
was founded in the late 1940s as the last Portuguese airport town. From 1950 to 1970, the number of flights increased. Espargos became an important stop for
1360:' (SAA) 1967 flights between London and Johannesburg. The airline had to use the airport because to the international boycott of South Africa due to its
957:
1372:
occurred at this time due to poor harvests, the Second World War, and a poor response from the Portuguese colonial administration. Until and during the
1002:. With the Portuguese increasingly sidelined in Atlantic trade, Cape Verde became a poor backwater. By 1740, the island was a supply point for American
2326:
1504:
independence in 1974), relations between the two countries became strained. Cape Verde abandoned its hope for unity with Guinea-Bissau, and formed the
457:
begins with the Portuguese invasion and colonization of the island in 1458. Possible early references to Cape Verde date back at least 2,000 years.
2489:
1505:
215:
3199:
2969:
1200:. In 1890 a total of 156 ships unloaded 657,633,588 metric tons of coal there, and the port was visited by 2,264 ships carrying 344,907 persons.
437:
247:
2563:
2250:
António Costa Pinto, "The transition to democracy and Portugal's decolonization", in Stewart Lloyd-Jones and António Costa Pinto (eds., 2003).
952:
Given the scarcity of capital for the region's development, the Portuguese Finance and Overseas Councils authorized the 1664 foundation of the
1192:
activity. Ships plying the South Atlantic to and from Africa and Asia stopped at Mindelo for coal, salt, meat, water, and wine imported from
1098:
2401:
2891:
2428:
2345:
1422:
the 20th century. Although the nationalist movement appeared less fervent in Cape Verde than in Portugal's other African holdings, the
377:
1206:
99:
2849:
2462:
2441:
1599:
1595:
1517:
3114:
71:
2954:
2636:
1610:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1533:
1071:
2272:
2516:
2511:
2363:
52:
17:
1029:
2646:
2259:
1641:
78:
2974:
1587:
1513:
1500:
Immediately after a November 1980 coup in Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese Guinea declared independence in 1973 and was granted
1481:. The colonial history of Cape Verde ended when Cape Verde become independent, a negotiated transfer, and one of the few
1242:
1034:
430:
240:
2185:
1907:
85:
1789:
1377:
118:
2700:
2641:
1646:
1614:
961:
67:
2884:
2677:
2604:
2568:
2548:
2421:
2228:"Whose Independence? Cabo Verdean-Americans and the Politics Of National Independence Of Cabo Verde (1972-1976)"
1529:
542:
73,000 years ago which inundated coastal Santiago Island and possibly Brava and part of the Barlavento Islands.
3303:
2695:
2631:
2212:
1155:-dominated militias. When, in 1835, some conservative officers in the local garrison mutinied, the disaffected
465:
423:
233:
136:
56:
1439:
3225:
2818:
2788:
2621:
2558:
2531:
739:'s brother, was granted the archipelago as a fiefdom. The Portuguese established Ribeira Grande (present-day
409:
1139:
in early 1830 on the same island. Praia (the colonial capital) was modernized in 1822, expanding northward.
2989:
2526:
2108:
Corografía cabo-verdiana, ou, Descripção geographico-historica da provincia das Ilhas de Cabo-Verde e Guiné
1548:
1254:
786:
3272:
3268:
2553:
2521:
1450:, however, the people of Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau fought one of the longest African liberation wars.
1230:
667:
297:
2383:
1218:
926:
915:
2877:
2778:
2715:
2609:
2479:
2467:
2414:
1368:
became independent, many people left for Europe and the United States, and few returned to Cape Verde.
1283:
1143:
1050:
956:. The company aimed at the slave trade, ending individual tenancy and encouraging slave companies. The
911:
848:
718:
404:
1442:
did not want to give up his colonies as easily as other European colonial powers had given up theirs.
1168:
the colonial capital, and it remained in Praia. Two submarine telegraph cables were linked in 1874 to
550:
508:
504:
3281:
2672:
2626:
2614:
1459:
1266:
852:
2153:
Chabal, Patrick (1993). "Some reflections on the postcolonial state in Portuguese-speaking Africa".
1147:
840:
3029:
2741:
1631:
1326:
1114:
1054:
1017:
which have plagued them ever since at average five-year intervals. The situation was made worse by
844:
732:
531:
325:
92:
3264:
3139:
3129:
2934:
2783:
2751:
2710:
2599:
2499:
1591:
1373:
1136:
571:
304:
221:
45:
1712:
567:
534:
4.5 million years ago, São Vicente (and, possibly, present-day Porto Grande) 300,000 years ago,
3144:
3034:
2964:
2823:
2798:
2587:
2573:
1651:
1636:
1123:
1090:
1046:
775:
318:
181:
563:
3204:
3124:
3089:
3074:
3059:
3014:
2842:
2761:
2729:
2705:
2660:
2457:
2389:
1357:
1062:
898:
The islands' prosperity encouraged sacking by pirates, particularly during the period of the
825:
691:
554:
391:
273:
171:
3255:
1776:
721:) and an unnamed Portuguese captain discovered some of the islands. During the next decade,
3079:
2803:
2773:
2682:
2474:
1742:
1575:
1466:
1426:(Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde, or PAIGC) was founded in 1956 by
1369:
1014:
868:
809:
783:
744:
736:
706:
655:
642:
634:
512:
350:
311:
191:
186:
1453:
Like other colonies, autonomy was granted in 1972 and Portuguese Cape Verde held its only
851:
were founded in the mid-16th century (when its first settlers also arrived in Madeira and
816:
hosted slave plantations growing sugar and cotton for shipment to Portugal, and producing
8:
3179:
3154:
3004:
2999:
2979:
2944:
2929:
2858:
2813:
2808:
2768:
2746:
2687:
1528:
The MpD won a majority of the seats in the National Assembly. MpD presidential candidate
1306:
856:
779:
763:
619:
546:
361:
342:
332:
264:
1746:
1606:
3251:
3242:
3233:
3164:
3134:
3119:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3049:
3044:
2994:
2939:
2914:
2793:
2536:
2206:
2190:
2054:
1997:
1949:
1874:
1758:
1691:
1447:
995:
399:
1474:
726:
606:. Mela and Pliny called the islands "Gorgades", referring to the home of the mythical
3174:
3169:
3109:
3064:
3024:
2919:
2900:
2541:
2255:
2112:
2087:
2062:
2046:
1762:
1695:
1626:
1482:
1410:
1381:
1058:
984:
520:
482:
176:
2129:
Walter Rodney, A History of the Upper Guinea Coast, 1545-1800 (Oxford, 1970), 246-47
1845:"Cabo Verde: Gulag of the South Atlantic: Racism, Fishing Prohibitions, and Famines"
1727:
1675:
1555:
In the presidential election campaign of 2000 and 2001, two former prime ministers (
1427:
1389:
836:
fishermen. Horses were reared on Santiago and shipped to the African coast as well.
3229:
3149:
3099:
3054:
3039:
3019:
3009:
2984:
2924:
2038:
1989:
1941:
1864:
1856:
1750:
1683:
988:
821:
820:(cotton cloth) for export to West Africa. Massive amounts of salt were produced on
813:
702:
558:
539:
516:
3159:
3069:
2959:
2308:
2290:
1462:
movement; some civic associations, however, were allowed to nominate candidates.
1349:
942:
939:
829:
684:
646:
603:
500:
499:
The first islands formed, around 40–50 million years ago, were present-day
2139:
575:
2382:
1564:
595:
488:
470:
1945:
1754:
1687:
1393:
983:
recruited local crewmen who knew the currents and weather from the islands of
3297:
2756:
2116:
2091:
2050:
1478:
1415:
1385:
1132:
1018:
976:
972:
907:
899:
790:
767:
680:
675:
535:
906:'s enemies, the British, French, and Dutch, raided Portuguese colonies. Sir
579:
503:
and its eastern neighbors. The western islands were formed later, including
2227:
2066:
1560:
1288:
980:
967:
931:
860:
801:
740:
1860:
998:
in which Ribeira Grande was destroyed, the capital was partially moved to
975:. Whales abounded in the waters around Cape Verde, and whaling ships from
879:, the local whites, with the earliest settlers and their descendants, the
2327:"Cape Verde's ruling party maintains majority in parliamentary elections"
2027:"Epidemics, Famines, and Population in the Cape Verde Islands, 1580-1900"
1556:
1544:
1470:
1431:
1022:
864:
755:
722:
1878:
1844:
794:
530:
The archipelago experienced several large volcanic eruptions, including
2437:
2001:
1977:
1953:
1932:
Clark, G.N. (1944). "The Barbary Corsairs in the Seventeenth Century".
1334:
1322:
1314:
1181:
1169:
1003:
638:
615:
474:
453:
2406:
2058:
2026:
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to achieve independence without guerilla fighting within its borders.
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2081:
1869:
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in 1617, stealing the church bells and taking 1,200 people captive.
805:
282:
2869:
1993:
34:
2042:
1799:
1539:
1353:
1345:
1173:
771:
630:
524:
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coast. Positioned on trade routes between Africa, Europe, and the
1330:
1193:
1164:
1128:
946:
759:
650:
623:
618:, they suggested the islands as the place where the Carthaginian
611:
1605:
In October 2021, opposition candidate and former prime minister
1728:"Traces of uplift and subsidence in the Cape Verde Archipelago"
1434:. Many Cape Verdeans fought for independence in Guinea-Bissau.
1310:
1197:
1177:
1007:
748:
710:
607:
1296:
999:
960:, which operated between 1676 and 1682, was succeeded by the
903:
714:
1424:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
1398:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
758:
was growing in its mission to conquer Iberia and expel the
209:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
2252:
The Last Empire: Thirty Years of Portuguese Decolonization
945:
established a base on the Cape Verde islands. They raided
833:
683:
at Santiago, Cape Verde; 1589 hand-colored engraving by
662:
637:, he also said that the voyage from the Gorgades to the
2364:"Jose Maria Neves sworn in as new Cape Verde president"
2031:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
1131:(originally Nossa Senhora da Luz) was founded in 1795,
2346:"Opposition candidate Neves wins Cape Verde election"
1518:
first multi-party elections were held in January 1991
1613:. On 9 November of that year, Neves was sworn in as
1104:
The 1781 battle of Porto Praya by Marquis de Rossel
958:
Company of Cacheu and Rivers and Commerce of Guinea
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1477:transferred power to National Assembly President
1342:the deaths or even the use of the word "famine."
3295:
2140:"Cabo Verde | South African History Online"
1506:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
1013:In 1747, the islands were hit with the first of
585:
216:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
2104:
2083:Subsidios para a historia de Cabo Verde e Guiné
2079:
991:. These outflows would continue for centuries.
1586:in October 2016. Fonseca was supported by the
839:Settlements began to appear on other islands.
2885:
2422:
2232:Virtual Commons, Bridgewater State University
1676:"Island boulders reveal ancient mega-tsunami"
431:
241:
2080:Christiano José, de Senna Barcellos (1900).
2020:
2018:
1488:
800:The Portuguese soon brought slaves from the
1978:"The Evolution of Cape Verde's Agriculture"
1908:"The Portuguese Colonization of Cape Verde"
914:in 1585 and raided Cidade Velha, Praia and
553:was one kilometer northwest of the island;
538:200,000 years ago, and east of present-day
2892:
2878:
2429:
2415:
2380:
1707:
1705:
921:
766:also emerged in its fullest expression of
717:captains, respectively, in the service of
696:
438:
424:
248:
234:
2343:
2175:, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1989, p. 399.
2024:
2015:
1868:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1713:"Sea Level Rise | Smithsonian Ocean"
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1538:
1523:
1403:
1295:
1287:
1113:
925:
674:
666:
659:, may have been the Cape Verde islands.
487:
464:
2436:
1725:
1702:
1669:
1667:
1609:of PAICV won Cape Verde's presidential
1089:1747 French-Dutch map of Cape Verde by
812:during the 16th century. Sao Tiago and
590:Cape Verde may have been referenced in
14:
3296:
2171:See, for instance, Kevin Shillington,
2152:
1905:
1842:
1563:) were the main candidates. Pires was
1388:to liberation in Cape Verde; in 1956,
511:(nine million years ago), present-day
507:(as early as 11.8 million years ago),
2899:
2873:
2410:
2186:"Portuguese Guinea Wins Independence"
1975:
1960:
1931:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1807:
1673:
1642:List of prime ministers of Cape Verde
1534:A February 1996 presidential election
1376:, those planning and fighting in the
1163:The British established a station in
1045:Although Portugal was neutral in the
808:, the archipelago prospered from the
663:Portuguese discovery and colonisation
2393:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2344:Rodrigues, Julio (18 October 2021).
2273:"Pedro Pires wins Cape Verde runoff"
1664:
1356:'s Portuguese-Brazilian flights and
57:adding citations to reliable sources
28:
2105:José Conrado Carlos, de Chelmicki.
671:Coat of arms of colonial Cape Verde
24:
1892:
1594:has been prime minister since the
1077:1683 map of the Cape Verde islands
25:
3315:
2381:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2374:
2225:
1735:Journal of the Geological Society
1495:
1348:, in the centre of the island of
3200:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2970:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2384:"São Thiago de Cabo Verde"
1934:The Cambridge Historical Journal
1647:List of presidents of Cape Verde
1578:, President of Cape Verde since
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1097:
1082:
1070:
962:Company of Cacheu and Cape Verde
281:
155:
33:
2356:
2337:
2319:
2301:
2291:"Cape Verde profile - Timeline"
2283:
2265:
2244:
2219:
2178:
2165:
2146:
2132:
2123:
2098:
2073:
1455:parliamentary elections in 1973
1384:often linked the liberation of
1277:
1118:Porto Praya (now Praia) in 1806
1109:
994:As a result of the 1712 French
910:sacked Ribeira Grande in 1582,
44:needs additional citations for
2398:Cape Verde Historical Timeline
1925:
1793:
1783:
1769:
1719:
1035:Fortaleza de São José da Amura
1030:Grão Pará and Maranhão Company
895:(slaves) were at the bottom.
519:(four million years ago), and
13:
1:
1536:returned Monteiro to office.
586:Possible classical references
460:
2309:"Cape Verde country profile"
2025:Patterson, K. David (1988).
1657:
1576:Jorge Carlos Almeida Fonseca
1530:António Mascarenhas Monteiro
1065:off Praia on 16 April 1781.
1015:several droughts and famines
891:(blacks) came next, and the
7:
1777:"Cape Verde – Addis Herald"
1620:
1483:Portuguese African colonies
1440:António de Oliveira Salazar
871:on Sal were later founded.
770:. It spread to neighboring
743:) in 1462 on the island of
10:
3320:
2468:Capture of Santiago (1585)
2277:New Bedford Standard-Times
2211:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1912:World History Encyclopedia
1843:Brooks, George E. (2006).
1325:on Grand Canary or nearby
1284:Cape Verde in World War II
1281:
1144:Liberal Revolution of 1820
1121:
1051:American Revolutionary War
797:, and Cape Verde in 1496.
719:Prince Henry the Navigator
689:
495:(1598), showing Cape Verde
3213:
3188:
2907:
2836:
2737:
2728:
2668:
2659:
2595:
2586:
2507:
2498:
2448:
2086:. pp. 395–397, 401.
1946:10.1017/S1474691300000561
1755:10.1144/0016-76492009-056
1688:10.1038/nature.2015.18485
1549:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
1489:After independence (1975)
1309:, and more than 7,000 to
1292:Postcard photo of Mindelo
1142:In the aftermarth of the
938:During the 17th century,
883:, chief among them. Free
810:transatlantic slave trade
641:took around 40 days. The
2955:Central African Republic
2564:Villages and settlements
2512:Administrative divisions
1982:African Economic History
1632:History of Guinea-Bissau
1547:and President of Brazil
1543:President of Cape Verde
1465:After the 25 April 1974
1460:People's National Action
787:exiled thousands of Jews
574:, and the two islets of
2752:Cape Verdean Portuguese
1592:Ulisses Correia e Silva
1374:Portuguese Colonial War
1160:cancelled the project.
922:17th and 18th centuries
762:and Jews. In 1492, the
697:15th and 16th centuries
493:Insulae Capitis Viridis
222:Portuguese Colonial War
68:"History of Cape Verde"
1976:Moran, Emilio (1982).
1800:Analysis of Ptolemy's
1652:Politics of Cape Verde
1637:History of West Africa
1588:Movement for Democracy
1552:
1514:Movement for Democracy
1301:
1293:
1248:Praia maize mill, 1899
1148:Manuel António Martins
1124:Cape Verdean Americans
1119:
1091:Jacques Nicolas Bellin
935:
934:by Caspar Schmalkalden
930:A 1646 watercolour of
776:Portuguese Inquisition
687:
672:
496:
485:
182:Immigration to the USA
18:Uninhabited Cape Verde
3304:History of Cape Verde
3115:São Tomé and Príncipe
2975:Republic of the Congo
2390:Catholic Encyclopedia
1861:10.1353/hia.2006.0008
1542:
1524:End of one-party rule
1404:Independence movement
1358:South African Airways
1299:
1291:
1260:Square in Praia, 1899
1212:Capo Verdeans in 1885
1117:
1063:Battle of Porto Praya
1061:squadrons fought the
929:
843:was founded in 1500;
692:Portuguese Cape Verde
678:
670:
614:. In typical ancient
491:
468:
274:Culture of Cape Verde
200:Independence struggle
172:Portuguese Cape Verde
2400:by Raymond Almeida.
2226:Amado, Abel Djassi.
1674:Brown, Emma (2015).
1467:Carnation Revolution
1438:Portuguese dictator
1135:on Sal in 1799, and
954:Guinea Coast Company
737:Afonso V of Portugal
707:Antoniotto Usodimare
643:Isles of the Blessed
635:Gaius Julius Solinus
568:Canal de São Vicente
378:World Heritage Sites
192:Famine in Cape Verde
187:Atlantic slave trade
53:improve this article
3190:States with limited
2747:Cape Verdean Creole
1747:2010JGSoc.167..519R
1726:Ramalho, R (2010).
1411:Portuguese colonies
1307:Sao Tome e Principe
1224:Port of Praia, 1899
912:captured the island
764:Spanish Inquisition
645:, written about by
620:Hanno the Navigator
2701:Telecommunications
2366:. 9 November 2021.
2315:. 5 December 2018.
2254:(Intellect Books,
2191:The New York Times
1906:Cartwright, Mark.
1590:(MpD). MpD leader
1553:
1448:Pijiguiti Massacre
1302:
1294:
1236:Praia market, 1899
1120:
996:Cassard expedition
936:
688:
673:
649:and referenced by
600:Historia naturalis
497:
486:
3291:
3290:
3217:other territories
2990:Equatorial Guinea
2901:History of Africa
2867:
2866:
2832:
2831:
2724:
2723:
2655:
2654:
2637:Political parties
2632:National Assembly
2605:Foreign relations
2582:
2581:
2260:978-1-84150-109-3
2173:History of Africa
1849:History in Africa
1627:History of Africa
1382:Portuguese Guinea
622:slew two female "
564:João Valente Reef
483:Benedetto Bordone
448:
447:
258:
257:
177:Portuguese Empire
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
3311:
3278:
3277:(United Kingdom)
3273:Tristan da Cunha
3269:Ascension Island
3261:
3248:
3239:
3215:Dependencies and
2908:Sovereign states
2894:
2887:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2852:
2845:
2735:
2734:
2691:
2666:
2665:
2593:
2592:
2505:
2504:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2402:alternative site
2394:
2386:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2333:. 19 April 2021.
2323:
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2127:
2121:
2120:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1973:
1958:
1957:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1872:
1840:
1805:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1715:. 30 April 2018.
1709:
1700:
1699:
1671:
1607:Jose Maria Neves
1269:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1172:, Brazil and to
1101:
1086:
1074:
1047:Anglo-French War
902:1580-1640, when
877:brancos da terra
855:on São Nicolau.
703:Alvise Cadamosto
633:). As quoted by
592:De choreographia
440:
433:
426:
285:
276:
260:
259:
250:
243:
236:
164:Colonial history
159:
149:
131:
130:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
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3193:
3191:
3184:
2903:
2898:
2868:
2863:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2828:
2819:Public holidays
2720:
2689:
2651:
2622:Law enforcement
2578:
2494:
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2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2111:. p. 316.
2103:
2099:
2078:
2074:
2023:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1994:10.2307/3601217
1974:
1961:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1904:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1841:
1808:
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1672:
1665:
1660:
1623:
1526:
1498:
1491:
1475:Vasco Gonçalves
1432:pan-Africanists
1406:
1370:Several famines
1286:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1249:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1146:, slave trader
1126:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1093:
1087:
1078:
1075:
924:
887:(mulattos) and
733:Prince Fernando
727:António de Noli
699:
694:
685:Baptista Boazio
665:
647:Marinus of Tyre
604:Pliny the Elder
588:
463:
444:
415:
414:
410:National anthem
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12:
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5:
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3282:Western Sahara
3279:
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3226:Canary Islands
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2650:
2649:
2647:Prime Minister
2644:
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2529:
2527:Extreme points
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2395:
2376:
2375:External links
2373:
2370:
2369:
2355:
2336:
2318:
2300:
2282:
2264:
2243:
2218:
2177:
2164:
2155:Africa Insight
2145:
2131:
2122:
2097:
2072:
2043:10.2307/219938
2037:(2): 291–313.
2014:
1959:
1924:
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1768:
1741:(3): 519–538.
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1596:2016 elections
1570:2006 elections
1565:prime minister
1551:, October 2005
1525:
1522:
1497:
1496:One-party rule
1494:
1490:
1487:
1428:Amílcar Cabral
1405:
1402:
1378:armed conflict
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1187:The system of
1122:Main article:
1111:
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1107:
1106:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1069:
923:
920:
867:on Brava, and
859:on Boa Vista,
857:Povoação Velha
849:Ribeira Grande
754:In Spain, the
698:
695:
664:
661:
596:Pomponius Mela
587:
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471:Canary Islands
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3033:
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3030:Guinea-Bissau
3028:
3026:
3023:
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3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
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2757:Cape Verdeans
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2297:. 8 May 2018.
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2019:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:(11): 63–86.
1987:
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70: –
69:
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64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3265:Saint Helena
3236:
3140:South Africa
3130:Sierra Leone
2949:
2935:Burkina Faso
2779:Demographics
2696:Stock market
2610:Human rights
2480:World War II
2458:Colonial era
2449:
2388:
2358:
2349:
2339:
2330:
2321:
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2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2262:) pp. 22–24.
2251:
2246:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:
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2196:. Retrieved
2194:. 1974-08-27
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2034:
2030:
2005:. Retrieved
1985:
1981:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1911:
1882:. Retrieved
1852:
1848:
1801:
1795:
1785:
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1561:Carlos Veiga
1554:
1527:
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1396:founded the
1366:
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1278:20th century
1188:
1186:
1162:
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1141:
1127:
1110:19th century
1044:
1040:
1028:In 1758 the
1027:
1012:
993:
981:Rhode Island
968:Pico do Fogo
966:
951:
937:
932:Cidade Velha
916:São Domingos
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:
845:Ponta do Sol
838:
817:
802:West African
799:
780:King João II
753:
741:Cidade Velha
731:
700:
654:
628:
599:
591:
589:
547:last Ice Age
544:
532:Praia Grande
529:
498:
492:
478:
477:in the 1534
451:
449:
405:Coat of arms
290:
145:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
3192:recognition
3145:South Sudan
3035:Ivory Coast
2673:Agriculture
2007:30 December
1917:30 December
1884:28 December
1855:: 101–135.
1557:Pedro Pires
1545:Pedro Pires
1471:Pedro Pires
1394:Luís Cabral
1137:Santa Maria
1023:overgrazing
1004:slave ships
865:Nova Sintra
756:Reconquista
723:Diogo Gomes
572:Santa Luzia
551:Santo Antão
545:During the
527:was lower.
509:São Vicente
505:São Nicolau
452:history of
146:History of
109:August 2022
3247:(Portugal)
3205:Somaliland
3125:Seychelles
3090:Mozambique
3075:Mauritania
3060:Madagascar
3015:The Gambia
2950:Cape Verde
2742:Basketball
2690:(currency)
2537:Barlavento
2438:Cape Verde
2237:2020-09-05
2198:2020-09-05
2161:: 129–135.
1802:Geographia
1584:re-elected
1430:and other
1335:Suez Canal
1323:Las Palmas
1315:Mozambique
1282:See also:
1184:in 1885.
1182:the Gambia
1170:Pernambuco
841:São Filipe
832:, sold to
690:See also:
656:Geographia
639:Hesperides
616:euhemerism
610:killed by
475:Capo Verde
461:Prehistory
454:Cape Verde
326:Literature
148:Cape Verde
79:newspapers
3080:Mauritius
2784:Education
2711:Transport
2678:Companies
2642:President
2600:Elections
2569:Volcanoes
2549:Mountains
2542:Sotavento
2500:Geography
2463:governors
2207:cite news
2117:956405163
2092:504707074
2051:0361-7882
1940:(1): 23.
1870:2022/3269
1763:140566236
1696:182938906
1658:Footnotes
1615:president
1508:(PAICV).
1362:apartheid
964:in 1690.
826:Boa Vista
806:New World
778:), where
745:São Tiago
701:In 1456,
555:Boa Vista
371:Monuments
305:Languages
3298:Category
3271: /
3267: /
3260:(France)
3254: /
3232: /
3228: /
3180:Zimbabwe
3155:Tanzania
3005:Ethiopia
3000:Eswatini
2980:Djibouti
2945:Cameroon
2930:Botswana
2859:Category
2824:Religion
2799:Football
2627:Military
2588:Politics
2574:Wildlife
2442:articles
2313:BBC News
2295:BBC News
2067:11617208
1879:20065767
1621:See also
1611:election
1600:election
1364:policy.
1354:Alitalia
1346:Espargos
1196:and the
1189:morgados
1178:Bathurst
1174:Cameroon
943:corsairs
940:Algerian
893:escravos
881:morgados
869:Palmeira
795:Príncipe
791:São Tomé
784:Manuel I
774:(as the
772:Portugal
711:Venetian
631:Cap-Vert
624:Gorillai
525:salinity
513:Santiago
479:Isolario
319:Religion
265:a series
263:Part of
137:a series
135:Part of
3256:Réunion
3252:Mayotte
3243:Madeira
3238:(Spain)
3234:Melilla
3165:Tunisia
3135:Somalia
3120:Senegal
3105:Nigeria
3095:Namibia
3085:Morocco
3050:Liberia
3045:Lesotho
2995:Eritrea
2965:Comoros
2940:Burundi
2915:Algeria
2843:Outline
2774:Cuisine
2730:Culture
2706:Tourism
2688:Escudo
2661:Economy
2559:Streams
2532:Islands
2522:Climate
2475:Famines
2450:History
2350:Reuters
2331:Reuters
2002:3601217
1954:3020800
1743:Bibcode
1502:de jure
1390:Amílcar
1331:Senegal
1194:Madeira
1165:Mindelo
1157:brancos
1129:Mindelo
1055:British
1008:whalers
947:Madeira
760:Muslims
735:, King
715:Genoese
653:in his
651:Ptolemy
612:Perseus
608:Gorgons
392:Symbols
312:Cuisine
291:History
93:scholar
3275:
3258:
3245:
3175:Zambia
3170:Uganda
3110:Rwanda
3065:Malawi
3025:Guinea
2920:Angola
2804:Health
2789:Emblem
2716:Unions
2683:Energy
2517:Cities
2440:
2258:
2115:
2090:
2065:
2059:219938
2057:
2049:
2000:
1952:
1877:
1761:
1694:
1680:Nature
1582:, was
1333:. The
1311:Angola
1198:Azores
1153:branco
1059:French
889:pretos
885:pardos
828:, and
749:Arguim
576:Branco
566:, the
351:Cinema
298:People
267:on the
139:on the
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
3230:Ceuta
3150:Sudan
3100:Niger
3055:Libya
3040:Kenya
3020:Ghana
3010:Gabon
2985:Egypt
2925:Benin
2850:Index
2814:Music
2809:Media
2769:Crime
2554:Ports
2490:PAICV
2485:PAIGC
2055:JSTOR
1998:JSTOR
1950:JSTOR
1875:JSTOR
1759:S2CID
1731:(PDF)
1692:S2CID
1327:Dakar
1000:Praia
985:Brava
904:Spain
861:Furna
818:panos
521:Brava
362:Sport
343:Media
333:Music
100:JSTOR
86:books
3160:Togo
3070:Mali
2960:Chad
2794:Flag
2762:list
2615:LGBT
2256:ISBN
2213:link
2113:OCLC
2088:OCLC
2063:PMID
2047:ISSN
2009:2023
1919:2023
1886:2023
1580:2011
1559:and
1392:and
1313:and
1176:via
1057:and
1049:and
1021:and
1006:and
989:Fogo
987:and
979:and
847:and
822:Maio
814:Fogo
782:and
725:and
713:and
679:Sir
598:and
580:Raso
578:and
559:Maio
557:and
540:Fogo
517:Fogo
515:and
473:and
469:The
400:Flag
72:news
2039:doi
1990:doi
1942:doi
1865:hdl
1857:doi
1751:doi
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