College of Arms - Knowledge

1662:. The Crown delegates all of this authority to the King of Arms, however before any letters can be issued they must have a warrant from the Earl Marshal agreeing to the granting of arms. This has been the case since 1673, when the authority of the Earl Marshal, which the heralds had challenged, was established by a royal declaration stating, among other things, that no patents of arms should be granted without his consent. This established the present system whereby royal authority to approve candidates for grants of arms is exercised by the Earl Marshal, and royal authority to grant the arms themselves is exercised by the Kings of Arms. First a petition, called a memorial, is submitted to the Earl Marshal. This memorial will be drawn up for the petitioner by an officer of arms, if it is felt that such a petition would be accepted. Currently there are no set criteria for eligibility for a grant of arms; however the College recommends that "awards or honours from the Crown, civil or military commissions, university degrees, professional qualifications, public and charitable services, and eminence or good standing in national or local life" will be taken into account. 1308: 1987: 1866:. The College's extensive records within this realm of study dates back over five centuries. An individual could, if he so wishes, have his family's pedigree placed inside the College's records. This would require the services of an officer of the College who would then draft a pedigree. The officer would ensure that the pedigree was in the correct format and also advise the client on the documentary evidences necessary to supports such a draft. After this is done, the officer would submit the pedigree to a chapter of two other officers, who would then examine the pedigree for any mistakes or in some cases demand more research. After this examination is completed the pedigree would then be scrivened and placed into the pedigree register of the College. 1774:

had his arms recorded in the registers of the College. If there is a possibility of such an inheritance, one must first contact an officer-in-waiting at the College, who could then advise on the course of action and the cost of such a search. The research into a descent of arms requires details of paternal ancestry, which will involve the examination of genealogical records. First there is a search of the family name in the College's archives, as coats of arms and family name has no connection, the officer could prove, through this method, that there is in fact no descent. However, if a connection is found the genealogy would be researched outside of the College's archives to provide definitive evidence of descent from an armigerous individual.

1020: 2263: 2018:, the role of Earl Marshal came to concern all matters of state and royal ceremonies. By the 16th century this supervision came to include the College of Arms and its heralds. Thus the Earl Marshal became the head and chief of the College of Arms; all important matters concerning its governance, including the appointment of new heralds, must meet with his approval. The Earl Marshal also has authority over the flying of flags within England and Wales, as does Lord Lyon King of Arms in Scotland. The Officers of Arms at the College of Arms maintain the only official registers of national and other flags and they advise national and local Government, and other bodies and individuals, on the flying of flags. 7487: 8727: 1539: 2600: 935: 2047: 1604: 3215: 1746: 729: 3056: 3089: 2560: 7102: 642: 1149:), at the time Ulster King of Arms, gave the commission the advice that the College should "be made a Government Department, let its Officers receive fixed salaries from Government, and let all its fees be paid into the public exchequer. This arrangement would, I am sure, be self-supporting and would raise at once the character of the Office and the status of the Heralds." Burke's suggestion for reform was the same arrangement that had already been applied to the Lord Lyon Court in Scotland in 1867, and was to be applied to his own office in 1871. However unlike the Lyon Court, which was a 865: 1157:, the College of Arms has always been an independent corporate body overseen by the Earl Marshal. While the Lord Lyon depended on the Government for its reforms and statutes, the College has always been able to carry out changes from within itself. The commission also drew attention to the fees, annulments and library of the College, as well as the general modernisation of the chapter as a whole. When the commission made its report in 1870, it recommended many changes, and these were duly made in another warrant dated 27 April 1871. Burke's recommendation, however, was not implemented. 3179: 3121: 2528: 8347: 3153: 1639:) within the United Kingdom is the sole prerogative of the British monarch. However, the monarch has delegated this power to two authorities: the Lord Lyon, with jurisdiction over Scotland, and the College of Arms, over England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Under the latter's jurisdiction, the right to arms is acquired exclusively either by proving descent in an unbroken male line from someone registered as so entitled or by a new grant from the King of Arms. Technically, however, arms can also be gained by a grant from the Crown, by prescription (meaning in use since 1161: 2959: 3258: 40: 8341: 2993: 2925: 6958: 1671: 219: 2895: 1447: 1057: 572:, it has been said that: "at no time since its establishment, was in higher estimation, nor in fuller employment, than in this reign." Henry VIII was fond of pomp and magnificence, and thus gave the heralds plenty of opportunity to exercise their roles in his court. In addition, the members of the College were also expected to be regularly despatched to foreign courts on missions, whether to declare war, accompany armies, summon garrisons or deliver messages to foreign potentates and generals. During his magnificent meeting with 2432: 529: 8397: 8245: 2766: 1256: 49: 8386: 8375: 8358: 8335: 8296: 8273: 8256: 8239: 8228: 379: 1838: 2802: 2654: 3334: 584: 2832: 2738: 1620: 931:, the Rouge Dragon Pursuivant and Morris Emmett, the King's bricklayer, were together able to design and begin construction of a new structure on the old site. The costs of the rebuilding was financed in stages, and the structure was erected slowly in parts. The heralds contributed significantly out of their own pockets; at the same time, they also sought subscriptions among the nobility, with the names of contributors recorded into a series of splendid manuscripts known as the Benefactors Books. 2698: 1353: 1206:

individuals for their services. Some of the members of the committee (a minority) wanted (like Burke thirty-four years earlier) to make officers of the College of Arms into "salaried civil servants of the state". Despite concluding that some form of change was necessary, the inquiry categorically stated that any change "is at the present time and in present circumstances impracticable." In 1905 the generous endowment from the Crown (as instituted by George IV) was stopped by the

8739: 8369: 8329: 8318: 8307: 8290: 8267: 8492: 8703: 8279: 8691: 1129:, stated "that it is desirable that the College of Arms should be visited, and an inquiry instituted with the view of ascertaining whether the Rules and Orders for the good government of the said College ... are duly obeyed and fulfilled ... and whether by change of circumstances or any other cause, any new Laws, Ordinances or Regulations are necessary to be made ... for the said College." The commission had three members: 2346: 8763: 8715: 2154:. These annual salaries reflected the living costs of the day; however today the amount is merely a nominal payment. In addition to their official duties, the heralds have for many centuries undertaken private practice in heraldry and genealogy, for which professional fees are charged. HM Treasury pays Garter King of Arms for work undertaken for the Government. As of 27 January 2021, the payments made to Sir 1053:

nothing was done; in 1812 water seeped through the walls of the College damaging records. The Surveyor traced the leak back to a shed recently erected by Alderman Smith, owner of the Sugar House, who declared his readiness to do everything he could, but who actually did very little to rectify the situation. After years of negotiation the College, in 1820, bought the Sugar House from Smith for the sum of £1,500.

2285:. Since the 13th century, records of this distinctive garment were apparent. At first it is likely that the herald wore his master's cast-off coat, but even from the beginning that would have had special significance, signifying that he was in effect his master's representative. Especially when his master was a sovereign prince, the wearing of his coat would haven given the herald a natural diplomatic status. 702:

the three kings of arms, six heralds and all other heralds and pursuivants, and their successors, into a corporation with perpetual succession. A new seal of authority, with the College's full coat of arms was also engraved. On 16 May 1565, the name "the House of the Office of Arms" was used, thereafter in May 1566 "our Colledge of Armes", and in January 1567 "our House of the College of the office of arms".

1105:; this would have resulted in the complete demolition of the College. However, protests from the heralds resulted in only parts of the south east and south west wings being sliced off, requiring extensive remodelling. The College was now a three-sided building with an open courtyard facing the New Queen Victoria Street laid out in 1866. The terrace, steps and entrance porch were also added around this time. 461:" Translated as: "the Garter King of Arms of England, the King of Arms of the Southern parts, the King of Arms of the Northern parts, the King of Arms of Wales, and all other heralds and pursuivants of arms". The charter then goes on to state that the heralds "for the time being, shall be in perpetuity a body corporate in fact and name, and shall preserve a succession unbroken." This charter titled " 1072:) granted to the College an annual endowment by Royal Warrant on 29 February 1820. This generous endowment from the crown, the first since 1555, was applied towards the reparation and support of the College. Despite the successes of the purchase of the Sugar House and the royal endowment, the College still looked upon the possibility of moving its location to a more suitable and fashionable place. 1742:

into full account the wishes of the applicant. These will include allusions and references to the applicant's life and achievements. The design of any new coat of arms must abide by all the rules of heraldry as well as being entirely original and distinct from all previous arms recorded in the College's archives. A preliminary sketch will then be approved and sent to the petitioner for approval.

2329:, richly embroidered. It was once the custom for pursuivants to wear their tabards with the sleeves at the front and back, in fact in 1576 a pursuivant was fined for presuming to wear his tabard like a herald, but this practice was ended during the reign of James II. Until 1888 all tabards were provided to the heralds by the Crown; however in that year a parsimonious Treasury refused to ask 8751: 709:, more or less on the College's present location. There are records of the heralds carrying out modifications to the structure of Derby Place over many years. However, little record of its appearance has survived, except the description that the buildings formed three sides of a quadrangle, entered through a gate with a portcullis on the west side. On the south range, roughly where 1287:(the Norroy King of Arms). Meanwhile, on 10 and 11 May 1941 the College building was almost consumed by fire, which had already levelled all the buildings to the east of the College on Queen Victoria Street. The building was given up for lost, when a change in the wind saved it. At the end of the war, all of the records were returned safely to the College. 1247:

this by stating that "placing all or even a few of the Officers on a fixed salary outweigh any advantages which might be expected to result from the change." Secondly they concluded that from now on the College was to be entirely subordinated to the Home Office, and that a standing inter-departmental committee be established to settle any future conflicts.

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considers all cases relating to questions of status, including disputes over social rank and the law of arms, for example complaints on the infringement of the use of another individual's coat of arms. The Court of Chivalry meets on the premises of the College of Arms, however the last time it met was in 1954, the first time in 230 years.

2119:. There are also presently seven Officers Extraordinary, who take part in ceremonial occasions but are not part of the College. As members of the Royal Household, the heralds are appointed at the pleasure of the Sovereign on the recommendation of the Earl Marshal. The Officers in Ordinary are appointed by Letters Patent under the 1077:

setting out the herald's reason for the move: "that the local situation of the College is so widely detached from the proper scene of the official duties and occupations of Your Memorialists and from the residences of that class of persons by whom the records in their charge are chiefly and most frequently consulted."

1523:. The members of the College walk in the procession in virtue of them being His Majesty's "Kings, Heralds and Pursuivants of Arms of England." They do so alongside their Scottish colleagues: the Lord Lyon, the Heralds and Pursuivants of Arms of the Lyon Court. The Garter King of Arms is usually placed next to the 2448:

in 1586 that a herald "ought to be a Gentlemen and an Old man not admitting into that sacred office everie glasier, painter & tricker, or a meere blazonner of Armes: for to the office of a herald is requisite the skill of many faculties and professions of literature, and likewise the knowledge of

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advised in 2018 that grants from the College of Arms were "well established as one way Australians can obtain heraldic insignia if they wish to do so", but that they had the same status as those by "a local artist, graphics studio or heraldry specialist". The policy of the Australian Heraldry Society

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Once the Earl Marshal has approved the petition he will issue his Warrant to the King of Arms. This will allow them to proceed with the granting of the arms. Now the designing and formation of the arms begin. Although the King of Arms has full discretion over the composition of the arms, he will take

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Although the College building was saved from the war, its walls and roof were left in a perilous state. In 1954 a decision was forced upon heralds, whether to abandon the old building (which would have been profitable financially) or repair it on a scale far beyond the College's resources. Eventually

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proclaimed Charles II, King at Westminster Hall Gate. It was said that William Ryley, who was originally appointed Lancaster Herald by Charles I but then sided with Cromwell, did not even have a tabard with the Royal Arms, as his own had been "plundered in the wars". He had to borrow a decorative one

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Created in 1978, one special case, who, although not a member of the College, holds a permanent post created to oversee heraldry in New Zealand; he works together with the College to grant new arms for people and bodies in that country (where he himself lives and works). The badge is a crowned Maori

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directed to the Kings of Arms instructing them to exemplify the transferred arms or a version of them to the licensee in his or her new name. Royal Licences are issued on the advice of Garter King of Arms and are usually dependent on there being some constraining circumstances such as a testamentary

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to submit to them a second plan for the building. When Nash heard that another architect was approached behind his back he reacted vehemently, and attacked the heralds. The College nevertheless continued with their plans. However they were constantly beset by conflicts between the different officers

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were constructed for leases, their façade in keeping with the original design. In 1699 the hall, which for some time had been used as a library, was transformed into the Earl Marshal's Court or the Court of Chivalry; it remains so to this day. In 1776 some stylistic changes were made to the exterior

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ordered the committee to directly remove those officers whose loyalties were with the King and to nominate their own candidates to fill these vacant offices. Those officers whose loyalty remained with the King were persecuted; first they were deprived of their offices, then of their emoluments, then

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in 1552/3 in exchange for some land. The charter stated that the house would: "enable them to assemble together, and consult, and agree amongst themselves, for the good of their faculty, and that the records and rolls might be more safely and conveniently deposited." The charter also reincorporated

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by two heralds, trumpets blowing before them. However, when popular support swung to Mary's side, the Lord Mayor of London and his councils accompanied by the Garter King of Arms, two other heralds, and four trumpeters returned to Cheapside to proclaim Mary's ascension as rightful queen instead. The

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this duty became even more necessary as the monasteries were previously repositories of local genealogical records. From then on, all genealogical records and the duty of recording them was subsumed by the College. These visitations were serious affairs, and many individuals were charged and heavily

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Once granted, a coat of arms becomes the hereditary and inheritable property of the owner and his descendants. But it can only be inherited by a legitimate male-line descendant of the original grantee of the arms. To establish the right to arms by descent, one must be able to prove that an ancestor

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was at the same time laying out his plans for a new London, and, in 1822, the College, through the Deputy Earl Marshal, asked the government for a portion of land in the new districts on which to build a house to keep their records. A petition from the College was given to the Lords of the Treasury

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soon after the battle. Henry's first Parliament of 1485 passed an Act of Resumption, in which large grants of crown properties made by his two predecessors to their supporters were cancelled. Whether this act affected the status of the College's charter is debatable; however, the act did facilitate

2375:, which they wear over their uniforms. During inclement weather, a large black cape is worn. At state funerals, they would wear a wide sash of black silk sarsenet (a thin tissue of fine silk) over their tabards. (In ancient times, they would have worn long black hooded cloaks under their tabards.) 2370:

with gilded ends, each with a representation of the badges of the different offices of the heralds. In 1953 these were replaced by white staves, with gilded metal handles and at its head a blue dove in a golden coronet or a "martinet". These blue martinets are derived from the arms of the College.

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with gold embroidery during formal events; with white breeches and stockings for coronations and black for all other times together with black patent court shoes with gold buckles (the Scottish heralds wear black wool serge military style trousers with wide gold oak leaf lace on the side seams and

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to make a formal proclamation of the accession of the next Sovereign. Traditionally, this proclamation is made by being physically read out. This task is assigned to the various members of the College by way of the Earl Marshal, who receives the text of the proclamation in person from the council.

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When the committee made their report in June 1928 they suggested several reforms to tackle the main issues which had brought the College into so much conflict with the Home Office. Firstly they concluded that the fees systems were adequate and no change was necessary in that regard. They justified

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in 1524 and 1533 for the return of their chapter house were rejected, and the heralds were left to hold chapter in whichever palace the royal court happened to be at the time. They even resorted to meeting at each other's houses, at various guildhalls and even a hospital. Furthermore, Henry VIII's

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The tabards of the different officers can be distinguished by the type of fabric used to make them. A tabard of a King of Arms is made of velvet and cloth of gold, the tabard of a Herald of satin, and that of a Pursuivant of damask silk. The tabards of all heralds (Ordinary and Extraordinary) are

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In the past this issue of eligibility has been a source of great conflict between the heralds; such submissions are made on an officer for clients basis, which meant some "unsuitability" was ignored in lieu of profit by past officers. Suitability rested on the phrase "eminent men"; originally the

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the heralds once again take their place at the front of the royal procession as it enters the place of worship. Historically during the procession of royal funerals (usually of the Sovereign) the heralds would carry a piece of armour, representing the various marks of chivalry. These included the

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writes that "The officers of these departments, no doubt, in the overconfident way of their generation, esteemed the College an anachronistic and anomalous institution overdue for reform or abolition." The memorandum ended by saying that "the College of Arms is a small and highly organised luxury

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was made chairman. They were tasked to investigate "the constitution, duties and administration of the Heralds' College"; the main issues being the anomalous position of the College, who are theoretically officials of the Royal Household, but actually derive their income from fees paid by private

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to report to them the state of public records; again the heralds drew attention to the proximity of the Sugar House. Members of the committee inspected the College premises and reported to the House that the College must either be moved to a new building or secured against the risk of fire. Again

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By 1683 the College part of the structure was finished. The new building was built out of plain bricks of three storeys, with basement and attic levels in addition. The College consists of an extensive range of quadrangular buildings. Apart from the hall, a porter's lodge and a public office, the

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or the Earl Marshal's Court is a specialised civil court in England, presided over by the Earl Marshal. The first references made about the court was in 1348. The court has jurisdiction over all matters relating to heraldry as it legalises and enforce decisions of the College of Arms. The court

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Whose province is the part of England north of the River Trent (Norroy) and Northern Ireland (Ulster). The office was created in 1943, when the office of Norroy King of Arms and Ulster King of Arms were combined. Independently, the office of Norroy was instituted around 1276, probably the most

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since his appointment as Garter totalled £651,515. Additionally, since 2018, the Treasury has provided Garter with an expenses fund of £35,000 per annum to cover business expenses such as secretarial support, cleaning and postage. As of 27 January 2021, Garter has received £74,579.02 to cover

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fire engines were able to bring the flames under control, in the meantime 35 people were evacuated from the building and a further 100 from adjacent buildings. No records or books of the College were damaged. Repairs to the smoke-damaged rooms and exterior brickwork were completed in December

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In 1742 a Sugar House was built against the wall of the College. This structure was a fire risk and the cause of great anxiety among the heralds. In 1775 the College Surveyor drew attention to this problem, but to no avail. In February 1800, the College was asked by a Select Committee of the

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wrote in 1805, that these fights often involved the use of "every epithet that was disgraceful to themselves and their opponents." and that "Their accusations against each other would fill a volume." During these years, the College's reputation was greatly injured in the eyes of the public.

1695:. By 1530, the heralds applied a property qualification, requiring successful candidates for a grant of arms to have an income from land of £10 per annum, or movable wealth of £300. However this was not always the case: in 1616 Ralph Brooke, York Herald, tricked Garter King of Arms, 2136:

All of the officers in Ordinary of the College were first instituted at different dates (some even before the incorporation of the College), some originating as private servants of noblemen, some being Royal from the start. They take their names and badges from the titles and

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In 1943 the College was given new responsibilities when the office of Ulster King of Arms was annexed and combined with those of the Norroy King of Arms, creating a new office called Norroy and Ulster King of Arms; Sir Algar Howard thus became the first to hold this office.

1583:). This procession of chivalry was an integral part of the heraldic royal funeral. One of the most solemn roles for the heralds during a royal funeral is the reading of the full list of the styles and titles of the deceased monarch. On 9 April 2002, Garter King of Arms 3524:. The replacement building, known simply as the College of Arms or Herald's College, was built on the same property. When Queen Victoria St was built it crossed the south end of the College's property; the building was then remodelled to front onto the new street. 1770:. The grant is then signed and sealed by the King of Arms. It is then handed to the petitioner, authorising the use of arms blazoned therein as the perpetual property of himself and his heirs. A copy of the grant is always made for the College's own register. 2484:

was appointed Clarenceux King of Arms, although he knew little of heraldry and genealogy and was known to have ridiculed both. Nevertheless, he was also described as "possibly the most distinguished man who has ever worn a herald's tabard." Noted antiquarian

5736: 1431:, wearing their blue velvet robes and black velvet hats with white plumes. Afterwards the members walk from the Upper Ward of the castle towards St George's Chapel. During their procession they are led by members of the College of Arms in their tabards, the 1192:

Despite the findings of this inquiry, the issues surrounding the status and position of the College continued. At the beginning of the 20th century these issues were once again brought to the forefront. In 1903 an inquiry was set up at the instructions of

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Participation in these two annual ceremonies is considered the least time-consuming part of the herald's roles. However at other times they are involved in some of the most important ceremonies concerning the life of the British monarch. After the

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The Earl Marshal is one of the Great Officers of State, and the office has existed since 1386. Many of the holders of the office have been related to each other; however, it was not until 1672 that the office became fully hereditary. In that year

1947:. The warrant also stipulated that the Secretary of State would act in consultation with the Garter King of Arms and the Lord Lyon King of Arms. The roll would then be published by the College of Arms; currently an online edition is available. 905:

lost their offices, while those appointed originally by Charles I returned to their places. The exception was Edward Bysshe, who was removed as Garter, but was instead appointed Clarenceux in 1661, much to the chagrin of Garter Edward Walker.

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are the first which exemplify the usage, introduced by Henry VIII, of granting to his Consorts 'Augmentations' to their paternal arms. It is a striking illustration of the degenerate condition of Heraldry under the second Tudor Sovereign."

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The College is almost entirely self-financed, and receives no regular public funding. Its officers do have official salaries, which are paid by the Crown. These salaries were increased in the reign of King James I, but were reduced under

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for funds for the purpose. Ever since then heralds either paid for their own tabards or bought the one used by their predecessors. The newest tabard was made in 1963 for the Welsh Herald Extraordinary. A stock of them is now held by the

804:. Nevertheless, the heralds petitioned Parliament in the same year, to protect their: "Books of Record, Registers, Entries, Precedents, Arms, Pedigrees and Dignities." In 1643 the heralds joined the King at Oxford, and were with him at 469:. There has been some evidence that prior to this charter, the royal heralds had already in some ways behaved like a corporation as early as 1420. Nevertheless, the charter is the earliest surviving document to affirm the chapter as a 1821:

injunction (a requirement in a will) or a good reason to wish to perpetuate a particular coat of arms. The Royal Licence is of no effect until and unless the exemplification is issued and recorded in the College. Royal Licences are

624:. The provincial Kings of Arms were commissioned under a royal warrant to enter all houses and churches and given authority to deface and destroy all arms unlawfully used by any knight, esquire, or gentleman. Around the time of the 1857:

since the 15th century. The College regularly conduct genealogical research for individuals with families in the British Isles of all social classes. As the College is also the official repository of genealogical materials such as

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of his constitutional responsibility for advising the Crown", and that the College had "adopted practices in connection with matters within their jurisdiction which seem highly improper in themselves, and calculated to bring the

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the Garter King of Arms and not to the heralds as a corporation. As a result, the heralds were left destitute and many of their books and records were lost. Despite this ill treatment from the King, the heralds' position at the

591:, from a tourney roll, made during the reign of King Henry VIII in 1511. The pursuivants to the left are identified by their reversed tabards, while the figure in the right (with the black hat) is probably Garter King of Arms 2382:

since the 13th century. However, it was not until much later that the specific design of the crown was regulated. The silver-gilt crown is composed of sixteen acanthus leaves alternating in height, inscribed with a line from

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in June. The organisation and planning of all State ceremonies falls within the prerogative of the Earl Marshal, the College's chief. As a result, the heralds have a role to perform within every significant royal ceremony.

1319:(the College's official church since 1555) on 2 March 1984. The Kings of Arms, Heralds and Pursuivants, ordinary and extraordinary, of the College in full uniform processed from the College towards the church together with 1093:

ordered the College to drop the matter altogether. By 1842 the heralds were reconciled with their location and once again commissioned Abraham to build a new octagonal-shaped Record Room on the site of the old Sugar House.

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In 1934, on the 450th anniversary of the incorporation of the College of Arms, an exhibition was held at the College of the heralds' principal treasures and other associated interests. The exhibition was opened by the

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in several market towns on public market days and afterwards to be imprisoned and pay a fine. This hefty sentence was executed, proving that the rights of the College were still respected. In 1737, during the reign of

2399:, having at the top a large tuft of tassels, wrought in gold. In medieval times the kings of arms were required to wear their crowns and attend to the Sovereign on four high feasts of the year: Christmas, Easter, 1765:

is agreed by both parties a final grant can be created. This takes the form of a handmade colourfully illuminated and decorated Letters Patent. The letter is written and painted in vellum by a College artist and

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The New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary is a special case when it comes to uniform. Although they do wear the tabard, they only do so when in the UK performing duties. When in New Zealand, they simply wear

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and a public subscription, the building was repaired in time for the College's 4th centenary of being in possession of Derby Place. The present gates to the building were added in 1956, and came originally from

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There are no formal qualifications for a herald, but certain specialist knowledge and discipline are required. Most of the current officers are trained lawyers and historians. Noted heraldist and writer

283:. The College is also the official body responsible for matters relating to the flying of flags on land, and it maintains the official registers of flags and other national symbols. Though a part of the 3288:. John Brooke-Little on the other hand wrote in 1950 that: "These arms may have been derived from those used by John Wrythe who was Garter at the time of the foundation of the College of Arms in 1484." 3272:

in the arms of the College of Arms, are always represented with the sinister wing closed, and dexter wing extended and inverted. The positions of the wings have given rise to much curious speculation.

1229:, criticising the constitution and workings of the heralds. The memorandum states that "They have, as will be seen from this memorandum, in many cases attempted to interfere with the exercise by the 2141:

of the monarchs of England. The officers Extraordinary, however take their names from the titles and estates of the Earl Marshal, they were also created at different dates for ceremonial purposes.

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trade, dependent for its living on supplying the demand for a fancy article among the well to do: and like many such trades it has in very many cases to create the demand before it can supply it."

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the College petitioned for another charter, to reaffirm their rights and remuneration; this effort proved unsuccessful. Apart from these events the influence of the College was greatly diminished.

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The fee for the grant of arms is due when the memorial is submitted; the amount is set out in the Earl Marshal's Warrant. As of 1 January 2024 the fees for a personal grant of arms, including a

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to the throne of Great Britain led to reigns with less ceremony than in any since the incorporation of the heralds. The only notable incident for the college in this period, during the reign of

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On 1 June 2004 a Royal Warrant issued by Queen Elizabeth II states "that it is desirable for a full record to be kept of all of Our subjects who are Peers", this new record would be named the

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The College of Arms states that it is the "official heraldic authority for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and much of the Commonwealth including Australia and New Zealand". The position of

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and the 92 hereditary peers left in the House of Lords. This meant that the register was incomplete as it excludes most of the other hereditary peers, who are not part of the House of Lords.

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into contempt." These accusations concern the actions of certain heralds, who overzealously advocate the cases of their paid clients, even against the opposition of the ministers of the day.

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was appointed Garter, thus "Parliament which rejected its King created for itself a King of Arms". During this time the heralds continued their work and were even present on 26 June 1657 at

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The reason behind these discords were laid on the imperfect execution of the reorganisation of the College in 1568 and the uncertainty over issue of granting arms to the new and emerging

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was established in 1978, subordinate to the Garter Principal King of Arms. However, the official status of the college in Australia has not been confirmed by the federal government. The

1392:

The (usually annual) State Opening of Parliament takes place at the Houses of Parliament. The heralds, including both ordinary and extraordinary officers, form the front part of the

547:

was a double blow for the heralds, for they lost both their patron, the King, and their benefactor, the Earl Marshal, who was also slain. The victorious Henry Tudor was crowned King

6963: 2289:

wrote that: "The Wearing the outward Robes of the Prince, hath been esteemed by the Consent of Nations, to be an extraordinary Instance of Favour and Honour, as in the Precedent of

1117:

1862 map showing layout of the College (labelled Herald Off.). Carter Lane and Upper Thames Street can be seen running parallel to the north and south of the College, respectively.

913:

swept through the city, Derby Place, the College's home since 1555, was completely gutted and destroyed. Fortunately the College's library was saved, and at first was stored in the

3239:

As with the other extraordinary offices of arms and inspired by baronies held by the Duke of Norfolk, its appointment was first made for the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1837.

832:

a fine was imposed and some were even imprisoned. In spite of this, the institutional College was protected by the Parliamentarians, and their rights and work continued unabated.

459:

Le Garter regis armorum Anglicorum, regis armorum partium Australium, regis armorum partium Borealium, regis armorum Wallæ et heraldorum, prosecutorum, sive pursevandorum armorum.

5306: 1023:

Design by Robert Abraham (1773–1850) for a new College of Arms in Trafalgar Square, at the heart of Regency London in the 1820s; the plan was not executed due to a lack of funds.

1816:

It is also possible to change one's coat of arms, with or without adopting or appending a new surname, by Royal Licence, that is to say a licence in the form of a warrant from

7428: 5081: 473:

of heralds. The charter outlines the constitution of the officers, their hierarchy, the privileges conferred upon them and their jurisdiction over all heraldic matters in the

3598: 5055: 1035:, happened in 1727 when an impostor called Robert Harman pretended to be a herald. The knave was prosecuted by the College in the county of Suffolk, and was sentenced to be 736:

around 1595. It depicts the arms of Garter, Clarenceux, Norroy and Ulster. The additional charge in the first quarter of the first two shields, does not appear subsequently.

8855: 5107: 8581: 3172:

There was a Wales Herald in the late fourteenth century, around 1393, but the office was short-lived. It was re-established in 1963 as an officer of arms extraordinary.

1964:

is that the College of Arms does not have official heraldic authority over Australia, but that the federal government should establish a national body equivalent to the

6827:

A History of the College of Arms: And the Lives of All the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants, from the Reign of Richard III, Founder of the College Until the Present Time

744:

saw the college's privileges confirmed by an act of Parliament in 1566. As well as the drawing up of many important internal statutes and ordinances for the College by

6349: 2107:

The College of Arms is a corporation of thirteen heralds, styled Officers in Ordinary. This thirteen can be divided hierarchically into three distinctive ranks: three

2759:

It has been suggested that the office was instituted specifically for the Order of the Garter in 1348, or that it predates the Order and was in use as early as 1338.

430:) from 1469, he in the latter capacity supervised the heralds and made plans for the reform of their organisation. Soon after his accession to the throne he created 1527:

in the procession; he has the duty of guiding, but not performing, the ceremony. Garter's duties during the coronation ceremony are therefore not unlike those of a

979:

in 1685 saw the College revived as an institution of state and the monarchy. However, the abrupt end of his reign saw all but one of the heralds taking the side of

5150: 4889: 1960: 8840: 1738:, which must be done by hand and is in a sense a work of art in itself, plus other administrative costs borne by the heralds, and for the upkeep of the College. 991:. The period from 1704 to 1706 saw not a single grant of arms being made by the College; this nadir was attributed to the changes in attitude of the times. The 357:. There are also seven officers extraordinary, who take part in ceremonial occasions but are not part of the College. The entire corporation is overseen by the 2299:). The last King of England to have worn a tabard with his arms was probably King Henry VII. Today the herald's tabard is a survivor of history, much like the 760:

about their rights and annulments. Disputes in which the other officers also took part, often occurred among the lesser heralds against each other. Historian

5702:

The College of Arms is the official heraldic authority for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and much of the Commonwealth including Australia and New Zealand.

2070: 1655:, for they descend to all the sonnes." Arms in England therefore descend to all of the male lines, and not just the most senior alone (unlike in Scotland). 4972: 4736: 4705: 1380:, and the expression of majesty and power through public pomp and ceremony. Currently the heralds appear in their full uniforms only twice a year: at the 8825: 6232: 5714: 2489:, appointed Norroy King of Arms in 1756, was described as being "rarely sober in the afternoon, never after supper", and "much addicted to low company". 1130: 1496:. The barrier, consisting of a silken rope (in place of the ancient bar), is then removed and the detachment marches forward to meet the Lord Mayor and 897:

of Charles II annulled all the Acts of the Parliament and all the actions of the Lord Protector, without penalising any of their supporters (except for

8850: 7421: 6848:

The British herald; or, Cabinet of armorial bearings of the nobility & gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, from the earliest to the present time

2480:

Even with these examples, many controversial appointments were made throughout the College's history. For example, in 1704 the architect and dramatist

1588: 1700: 927:

to draw public notice to the situation. Due to a shortage of funds, the planned rebuilding of a new College was delayed until 1670. It was then that

8440: 5337: 5258: 5176: 4825: 1125:

On 18 October 1869, a warrant for a commission of inquiry into the state of the College was established. The warrant, issued on the behalf of the

580:

in 1520, Henry VIII brought with him eighteen officers of arms, probably all he had, to regulate the many tournaments and ceremonies held there.

5505: 8528: 8435: 3007: 2715: 2671: 2577: 7414: 5664: 5615: 5232: 2354: 1265: 901:). Accordingly, all the grant of arms of the Commonwealth College was declared null and void. Furthermore, all heralds appointed during the 8830: 8162: 2062: 2010:, one of the English monarch's chief military officers. As such he became responsible for all matters concerning war and together with the 1376:. As such they accompany the monarch on various state occasions. These occasions are centred around the institution of the monarchy as the 1328: 608:, which also extended to their respective families, was considered harmful to the science of heraldry. The noted antiquarian and heraldist 152: 6049: 5563: 1443:. This ceremony is especially significant for the Garter King of Arms, the senior officer of the College, who is an officer of the Order. 5820: 3704: 1324: 1126: 885: 5029: 1611:, as issued by the Clarenceux King of Arms, Robert Cooke in 1571. The grant gave him the right to use the arms shown. The blazon reads: 8835: 7461: 5298: 2317:, the Norroy King of Arms from 1894 until 1911, wearing the tabard and donning the crown of the King of Arms at the 1902 coronation of 1188:, when the two titles were merged. He served in this office until 1944 when he was promoted to Garter King of Arms; he retired in 1950. 1004: 824: 812:

the Garter King of Arms (from 1645) was even appointed, with the permission of Parliament, to act as the King's chief secretary at the

620:

It was also in this reign in 1530, that Henry VIII conferred on the College one of its most important duties for almost a century, the

3856: 1786:. In common law there is no obligation to undergo any particular formality to change one's name. However, it is possible to execute a 1427:

are personally invested with their insignia in the Throne Room of Windsor Castle by the Sovereign. All the members then have lunch in

7017: 6353: 841: 5534: 5077: 2415:

trimmed with white ostrich feathers when performing duties outdoors, or a black velvet cap, depending on circumstances of occasion.

2269:

as Clarenceux King of Arms in the funeral procession of Elizabeth I in 1603. Camden is holding a "coate" possibly a royal tabard or

1315:

In the year of the quincentenary of the incorporation of the College of Arms, the College held a special service of thanksgiving at

8617: 8467: 7703: 5051: 3594: 3463: 2622:

ancient of all the heralds. While Ulster was instituted in 1552 under Edward VI. "Norroy" is simply French for "north king", while

2326: 403: 7101: 4941: 4915: 4084: 2589:. Clarenceux is the senior of the provincial King of Arms. The office was instituted around 1334. Its name derives from the royal 1719:, is £8,950; a grant to a non-profit body is £18,415; and to a commercial company is £27,450. This grant may include a grant of a 8820: 2362:, which have been a symbol of their office since the Tudor period. In 1906 new sceptres were made, most likely the initiative of 1307: 780:. Eventually, these animosities among the heralds in the College ended only after the expulsion of one and the death of another. 675: 1068:

Great financial strains placed upon the College during these times were relieved when the extravagant Prince Regent (the future

725:, showed that the building had about thirty-two rooms, which were the workplace as well as the home to eleven officers of arms. 5103: 4627: 3200:

Though a royal herald, Arundel is not a member of the College of Arms, and was originally a private herald in the household of

2074: 1369: 1215: 1049: 877: 718: 196: 5911:"HM Treasury Payments to Garter King of Arms Sir Thomas Woodcock – a Freedom of Information request to Her Majesty's Treasury" 685:

then set about granting the College a new house called Derby Place or Derby House, under a new charter, dated 18 July 1555 at

8452: 7136: 2822: 2711: 2408: 1986: 1936: 1416: 1357: 284: 6126: 3659: 3572: 1408:, the heralds lead the monarch once again through the Royal Gallery into the House of Lords, remain with the monarch during 8018: 7456: 5198: 3628: 1944: 1551: 1198: 1090: 600: 497: 391: 331: 8557: 7642: 5589: 4881: 3440: 2549:

The senior King of Arms (his title is a reference to the Order of the Garter). The office was instituted in 1415 by King

1472: 1222: 1019: 657:, although it must have been embarrassing for both sides, after the heralds initially proclaimed the right of her rival 8776: 8521: 8477: 8417: 7451: 6741: 1794:, as a demonstration of intention to adopt and henceforth use a new name, and deeds poll may be enrolled either in the 1296: 1134: 745: 17: 6300: 8121: 7301: 6902: 6888: 6856: 6835: 6811: 6765: 6695: 6671: 6647: 6328: 6286: 5853: 5146: 3221: 2395:: Have mercy upon me O God according to thy lovingkindness). Within the crown is a cap of crimson velvet, lined with 2155: 1996: 1592: 1516: 921:, where a temporary office was opened in an apartment called the Queen's court. An announcement was also made in the 773: 698: 690: 327: 4858: 837: 8623: 8322: 7245: 3309:

Argent, a cross gules (Cross of St. George) between four doves, the dexter wing of each expanded and inverted azure

3062: 2330: 2314: 2262: 2193: 2151: 1956: 1273: 1268:

and ran from 28 June to 26 July, during which time it received more than 10,000 visitors, including the Duke (

1207: 1084:

but Nash's elaborate plan proved too costly and ambitious for the College. At the same time the College also asked

939: 431: 6968: 3400:– founded in 1986 as a society to benefit the College of Arms through donations of useful items and publications. 2449:

warres." Some of the greatest scholars and eminent antiquarians of their age were members of the College, such as

1647:, which is a branch of English law, interpreted by civil lawyers in the Court of Chivalry. Sir Edward Coke in his 1334:

On 5 February 2009 a fire broke out at the west wing on the third and fourth floor of the College building. Eight

8311: 7364: 7257: 3095: 2450: 2407:. Today, the crown is reserved for the most solemn of occasions. The last time these crowns were worn was at the 2342:

for repair or replacement. In addition, heralds and pursuivants wear black velvet caps with a badge embroidered.

1846: 1691:

test applied was one of wealth or social status, as any man entitled to bear a coat of arms was expected to be a

1679: 1500:, where the proclamation would be read. There are also other readings by members of the College at the corner of 868:

Heraldic banners and crests of King Charles II and his brother James, Duke of York (later James II), observed by

809: 311: 6314: 4968: 1480:

The proclamation is to be read at several locations in London. Traditionally the first reading is made from the

8472: 8126: 7665: 7085: 6272: 2606: 2011: 1940: 1804:. The deed poll is not entered on the registers, but is still published, if the name change only affects one's 1731:, depending on the letters patent. The fees mainly go towards commissioning the artwork and calligraphy on the 1497: 1373: 1316: 1185: 1118: 898: 753: 748:, the Earl Marshal, dated 18 July 1568. The long reign saw the College distracted by the many quarrels between 625: 260: 8726: 6477: 6224: 1703:, a common hangman, for a fee of 22 shillings (£1.10). When the king found out he had them both imprisoned at 8845: 8514: 8457: 8427: 7647: 7324: 7090: 7066: 7061: 7010: 2613: 2541: 2069:

Edward, Duke of Norfolk (born 2 December 1956) assumed the office of Earl Marshal on the death of his father

1905: 796:, the College was divided: three kings of arms, three heralds and one pursuivant sided with the King and the 710: 319: 165: 161: 106: 5910: 8188: 7780: 7696: 7486: 7372: 7289: 7269: 3487: 3185: 3127: 1546:

in 1603, depicting some the heralds of the College of Arms, each carrying a piece of the Sovereign's armour

996: 943: 6981: 2358:

black patent ankle boots; or for women, a long black skirt). The heralds are also entitled to distinctive

1538: 8643: 8611: 7742: 7547: 7380: 7306: 5329: 3458: 3428: 3231: 1965: 1455: 1432: 1381: 339: 5254: 1311:

The College of Arms in March 2009, with scaffolding on the west wing of the building after the 2009 fire

8681: 8422: 8362: 8249: 8183: 7723: 7588: 7508: 7356: 7281: 5172: 4818: 3356:), wrote that the dove was a messenger of peace and gladness, as appeared in the eighth chapter of the 3159: 1888:

to a seat in the House of Lords. Prior to the passage of this Act, anyone succeeding to a title in the

1113: 1085: 1041: 955:

rest of the building was given over to the heralds as accommodation. To the east and south sides three

776:

in 1596; as a consequence, many important measures of reform for the College were made in the reign of

706: 577: 395: 8569: 8401: 8390: 8203: 7514: 6797: 6775: 5501: 3273: 2599: 1160: 1032: 928: 2338:, from which a loan "during tenure of office" is made upon each appointment. They are often sent to 1089:

over the amount needed to build a new building. By 1827 the college still had no coherent plan; the

1064:, engraved by W. Wallis. Jones & Co. Temple of the Muses, Finsbury Square, London, 17 April 1830 8815: 8563: 8351: 8091: 7575: 7570: 7471: 7003: 5456:

Curialia Miscellanea; or, Anecdotes of Old Times; Regal, Noble, Gentilitial, and Miscellaneous: ...

5224: 3446: 3381: 2860: 1917: 1901: 1624: 1603: 1436: 1138: 633:. Hundreds of these visitations were carried out well into the 17th century; the last was in 1686. 544: 5657: 5611: 1909: 1798:

or in the College. On being enrolled the deed is customarily 'gazetted', that is published in the

728: 8755: 8495: 8396: 8244: 8136: 7689: 7581: 7537: 7503: 7344: 7216: 7073: 6821: 6629: 3214: 2965: 2566: 2138: 2120: 1881: 1397: 761: 533: 439: 3055: 2046: 1920:. As a result of the Act, the Register of Lords Spiritual and Temporal only records the name of 1745: 1225:. The inquiry was called soon after a secret memorandum, written in 1927, was circulated by the 934: 827:

took possession of the College premises, and kept it under its own authority. Later in October,

8599: 8071: 8043: 8038: 8033: 7973: 7963: 7619: 7208: 7042: 6928: 6757:

Heralds of Today; A Biographical List of the Officers of the College of Arms, London, 1987–2001

6045: 5559: 3517: 3422: 3088: 2931: 2915: 2792: 2095: 1791: 1543: 1531:. It is only during this ceremony that the Kings of Arms are allowed to wear their distinctive 1524: 1509: 1409: 1181: 1000: 980: 772:

of the era. An enquiry into the state of the College lasted for one year, finally reporting to

741: 605: 565:

remained, and they were compelled by the King to attend him at all times (albeit in rotation).

553: 505: 411: 383: 303: 295: 87: 54: 5816: 5460: 3700: 2559: 864: 552:

the de facto recovery of Coldharbour to the crown. Henry then granted the house to his mother

8587: 8300: 8278: 8260: 8116: 8086: 8013: 7993: 7983: 7476: 7224: 7200: 6733:

Heralds of Today; A Biographical List of the Officers of the College of Arms, London, 1963–86

6503: 6447: 6417: 6254: 6206: 5021: 2999: 2901: 2856: 2274: 1572: 1492:, formally demand admission to the precinct of the City of London from the City Marshall and 1476: 1404:, then proceeds up the Norman Porch to the Robing Chamber. Once the Sovereign has put on the 1173: 1102: 1073: 1028: 918: 902: 817: 641: 588: 569: 399: 6387: 6188: 5637: 5370: 3178: 3120: 604:

habit of raising ladies in the situation of subjects to queens, and then awarding them many

8462: 8232: 7637: 7609: 7527: 7466: 7262: 6345: 3852: 3521: 3497: 3403: 3281: 3102: 2945: 2339: 1644: 1528: 1428: 1405: 910: 793: 686: 662: 548: 517: 513: 509: 423: 6924: 6083: 3152: 2527: 999:

did not affect the jurisdiction or the rights of the College. The College of Arms and the

8: 8661: 8575: 8551: 8283: 8111: 7958: 7912: 7785: 7599: 6801: 6685: 5530: 3492: 3434: 3390:– Former museum displaying objects from the College, situated within Waterloo Barracks, 3016: 2626:

is the name of a traditional province roughly equivalent to modern-day Northern Ireland.

2534: 1893: 1875: 1464: 1424: 1361: 1335: 1098: 988: 976: 969: 914: 621: 573: 6957: 6846: 6825: 6709: 218: 8743: 8605: 8537: 8385: 8374: 8357: 8334: 8295: 8272: 8255: 8238: 8227: 8178: 7937: 7922: 7845: 7835: 7406: 7332: 6779: 6657: 6508: 6174: 6156: 5762: 5642: 4088: 3452: 3412: 3397: 3387: 3346: 2958: 2550: 2474: 2404: 2392: 2363: 1969: 1897: 1889: 1643:), by succeeding to an office, or by marriage. The descent of arms closely follows the 1489: 1485: 1154: 1146: 1061: 992: 984: 894: 777: 732:

Armorial achievement of the College and its Kings of Arms, from Lant's Roll painted by

682: 592: 474: 419: 322:, since 1555. The College of Arms also undertakes and consults on the planning of many 299: 256: 95: 7393: 3257: 2992: 2924: 2014:

held the joint post as judges of the Court of Chivalry. After the decline of medieval

1935:

on 11 June 2004. The warrant handed the responsibility of maintaining the roll to the

1853:

Due to the inheritable nature of coats of arms the College have also been involved in

1446: 556:, for life. This was because it was supposed that the house was granted personally to 39: 8655: 8340: 8096: 8048: 7998: 7830: 7810: 7790: 7594: 7521: 7274: 7250: 7148: 6898: 6876: 6852: 6831: 6807: 6785: 6761: 6737: 6715: 6691: 6667: 6643: 6633: 5849: 5454: 3134: 3069: 2894: 2788: 2751: 2724: 2124: 2089: 1670: 1632: 1584: 1556: 1535:, the only group of individuals, apart from the King and Queen, authorised to do so. 1520: 1493: 1468: 1279:

In 1939 at the beginning of the Second World War the College's records were moved to

1235: 1169: 890: 813: 789: 654: 501: 470: 91: 4623: 1056: 8695: 8379: 8208: 8023: 8003: 7815: 7155: 6751: 6727: 4937: 4911: 3477: 3143: 3111: 2772: 2688: 2684: 2590: 2379: 2335: 1999:

was appointed to the position by King Charles II. In 1677 he also succeeded to the

1845:, barons of Warkworth and Clavering. Scrivened and illuminated by Somerset Herald, 1716: 1675: 1613:

Golde, on a ffesse betwene thre Annulettes gules, thre standing cuppes of the felde

1568: 1560: 1532: 1280: 1081: 853: 805: 678:(Lady Jane's father-in-law, who was later executed), an excuse that Mary accepted. 665:

died on 6 July 1553, Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed queen four days later, first in

537: 252: 132: 2431: 528: 8707: 8649: 8193: 8081: 7988: 7968: 7907: 7236: 7167: 7119: 6985: 6892: 6870: 6755: 6731: 6705: 6681: 6661: 6637: 6130: 5843: 3655: 3568: 3391: 3357: 3277: 3269: 3205: 3201: 2864: 2808: 2680: 2660: 2458: 2318: 2254:

Note: The right-hand column is merely the decimal equivalent of the 1831 column.

2224: 2052: 2000: 1885: 1837: 1640: 1255: 1003:

were to exist side by side in their respective realms. However, in the matter of

845: 828: 749: 609: 443: 435: 378: 362: 240: 48: 5022:"UK Politics: A–Z of Parliament: State Opening of Parliament – Royal Procession" 3620: 2765: 2300: 1757:. The arms were granted to the city on 20 September 1960 by the College of Arms. 1080:

Nash himself was asked by the College to design a new building near fashionable

1011:, when in England, was to take immediate precedence behind Garter King of Arms. 583: 8719: 8447: 8346: 8106: 8028: 7942: 7805: 7795: 7712: 7443: 7175: 7143: 7124: 6920: 6866: 3482: 3333: 2838: 2801: 2744: 2667: 2653: 2470: 2454: 2367: 2296: 2266: 2182: 2129: 1859: 1842: 1800: 1735: 1720: 1659: 1619: 1401: 1385: 1301: 1239: 1230: 1211: 1194: 1177: 1121:, the official church of the College since 1555, can be seen to the south west. 956: 923: 849: 658: 485: 466: 335: 315: 280: 191: 184: 110: 6169: 6151: 5585: 2831: 2737: 674:

College's excuse was that they had been compelled in their earlier act by the

8809: 8791: 8778: 8731: 8368: 8328: 8317: 8306: 8289: 8266: 8198: 7891: 6719: 3228: 3146:, though the first holder, John James, was paid a salary by King Henry VIII. 2486: 2481: 2462: 2420: 2372: 2108: 1728: 1696: 1683: 1501: 1377: 1202: 1142: 869: 833: 769: 705:

Derby Place was situated in the parish of St Benedict and St Peter, south of

694: 493: 481: 450: 346: 342:. Heralds of the College accompany the sovereign on many of these occasions. 291: 180: 2914:

Instituted by Henry VII around 1490 in reference to the badge of his mother

1352: 512:, for storing records and living space for the heralds. The house, built by 8767: 8076: 8066: 8008: 7886: 7860: 7800: 7775: 7765: 7652: 7078: 7052: 7037: 5450: 2979: 2728: 2697: 2573: 2057: 1981: 1636: 1505: 1481: 1320: 1284: 1165: 1150: 757: 670: 646: 489: 415: 387: 358: 272: 156: 7614: 7604: 3110:

Revived in 1887 by the Earl Marshal, who was also the Duke of Norfolk and

2978:

Instituted by Henry VII on 29 October 1485, the office is named after the

2281:

The most recognisable item of the herald's wardrobe has always been their

449:

In the first year of his reign, the royal heralds were incorporated under

302:

in Europe. Within the United Kingdom, there are two such authorities, the

8141: 8101: 7820: 7770: 7532: 7131: 5845:

Medieval Justice: Cases and Laws in France, England and Germany, 500–1500

4850: 2704: 2586: 2466: 2400: 2286: 1990:

Courtroom of the Earl Marshal, Court of Chivalry, College of Arms, London

1863: 1783: 1451: 1420: 1226: 1184:, was appointed Norroy King of Arms in 1931. In 1943 he became the first 733: 630: 613: 562: 557: 414:'s interest in heraldry was indicated by his possession of two important 236: 140: 67: 6925:"Survey of London Monograph 16 – College of Arms, Queen Victoria Street" 1519:, members of the College form part of the Royal procession as it enters 1304:

in Herefordshire. The new gates displayed the College's arms and crest.

968:

were removed, transforming the building to the then popular but austere

8506: 8131: 7855: 7750: 7541: 7294: 7191: 6880: 6789: 3192: 2441: 2116: 2073:

in 2002. The heir-apparent to the office is the incumbent's oldest son

1841:

An example of an Elizabethan pedigree of the Euery (de Euro) family of

1805: 1795: 1750: 1704: 1393: 948:

The History and Survey of London From Its Evolution to the Present Time

876:

in 1664–1665, the banners and crests were found at the choir stalls of

714: 697:

in 1485. The house was built in 1503 and was given to the Crown by the

354: 8629:

Heraldic Consultant of the Episcopal Conference of Slovakia (Slovakia)

6951: 5689: 3345:

The dove has always been a traditional symbol of the herald's office.

3338:

A dove, the dexter wing expanded and inverted azure, ducally gorged or

1484:

balcony at St James's Palace. Another reading and ceremony is held at

207: 7917: 7850: 7840: 7760: 7160: 6990: 6919: 3208:, originally instituted around 1413. The office was revived in 1727. 2779: 1921: 1854: 1826: 1817: 1787: 1767: 1724: 1692: 1652: 1608: 1269: 1069: 1008: 873: 801: 693:, who married Lady Margaret Beaufort in 1482 and was created the 1st 666: 427: 276: 264: 136: 2345: 2310: 8146: 7932: 7870: 7670: 7562: 5078:"The Monarchy Today – Royal events and ceremonies – Garter Service" 2949: 2384: 2291: 2189: 2015: 2003:

as the 6th Duke, thus combining the two titles for his successors.

1912:

to Parliament. All peers receiving such writs were enrolled in the

1822: 1782:

The College of Arms is also an authorised location for enrolling a

1754: 1440: 1221:

A second inquiry was established in 1928 under the chairmanship of

961: 797: 323: 307: 268: 176: 6995: 6973: 938:

The College of Arms as it looked in the 18th century, engraved by

7927: 7825: 7755: 7681: 7495: 6736:. Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire: Van Duren Publishers Limited. 2412: 2359: 2270: 2007: 1580: 1036: 965: 287:, the College is self-financed, unsupported by any public funds. 244: 124: 2731:

around the year 1385. The office became a royal herald in 1484.

7865: 7110: 6978: 6872:

Heralds of England: A History of the Office and College of Arms

2623: 2304: 2282: 2112: 1762: 1732: 1454:

surrounded by heralds of the College of Arms prior to his only

713:

now stands, was a large hall on the western end. Derby Place's

480:

The King empowered the College to have and use only one common

350: 318:

since its foundation, and has been at its present location, on

3232:

Alastair Andrew Bernard Reibey Bruce of Crionaich, OBE, VR, DL

2821:

In the year 1448, Somerset Herald is known to have served the

2063:

Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, GCVO, DL

1658:

When a new grant of arms is to be made, it is granted through

1488:. There a detachment of heralds, accompanied by troops of the 1475:

and other officers such as the Lord Mayor of London) meets at

800:, while the other officers began to court the services of the 7629: 4819:"The Guild Church of St Benet, Paul's Wharf: A Brief History" 2983: 2723:

The first York Herald is believed to have been an officer to

2396: 1576: 1439:. After the service, the members return to the Upper Ward by 599:

Nevertheless, the College's petitions to the King and to the

454: 248: 128: 53:

Headquarters of the College of Arms (2011), with the dome of

1201:. The committee of inquiry was to consist of eight members; 587:

Officers of the College of Arms riding in procession to the

520:, was said to be one of the greatest in the City of London. 8582:

Heraldic Council of the President of the Russian Federation

3079: 2668:

Clive Edwin Alexander Cheesman, MA (Oxon), PhD (San Marino)

2423:

as official uniform, together with their chains and baton.

2349:

A modern-day tabard of a Herald of Arms, made of silk satin

1564: 484:, and also instructed them to find a chaplain to celebrate 314:

of the United Kingdom. The College has had its home in the

3569:"The history of the Royal heralds and the College of Arms" 2378:

The three Kings of Arms have also been entitled to wear a

345:

The College comprises thirteen officers or heralds: three

6121: 6119: 6117: 3520:

and Thames St, known as Derby Place, which burned in the

2948:

which has been a symbol of England since the time of the

722: 27:

Corporation responsible for heraldry in England and Wales

7436: 6127:"The origin and history of the various heraldic offices" 6115: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6097: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5797: 2908:

Dominic Charles Davenport Ingram, MA, MSt, DPhil (Oxon)

2752:

John Michael Allen-Petrie, OBE, MSc (Londin), MSc (Oxon)

1595:

at the end of her funeral service at Westminster Abbey.

536:, c. 1520, depicting the proliferation of lions in 7398: 5255:"Ancient Coronation Traditions & Etiquette: Part 5" 2791:, first appeared in 1347, making a proclamation at the 1682:. The grant was issued by the Garter King of Arms, Sir 1598: 1412:

and accompany the monarch to the bounds of the Palace.

6577: 6575: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5743:. Australian House of Representatives. 7 February 2018 3406:– An organisation devoted to the studying of heraldry. 3276:

wrote in 1909, that the arms was clearly based on the

3245: 2353:

Apart from the tabards, the heralds also wear scarlet

8679: 6628: 6545: 6543: 6094: 5875: 5848:. London: McFarland & Company. pp. 145–146. 5794: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5299:"Queen Mother's 'human side' seen in poems and hymns" 4996: 3824: 3166:

Thomas Owen Saunders Lloyd, OBE, DL, MA (Cantab), FSA

1651:(1628) wrote that "gentry and armes is the nature of 1097:

In 1861 a proposal was made to construct a road from

893:

instead; the garment was duly returned the next day.

6040: 6038: 6036: 4737:"Constitution and Working of the College of Heralds" 3317:

Two lions rampant guardant argent, ducally gorged or

3193:

Anne Elizabeth Curry, BA, MA (Manc), PhD (Tees), FSA

3103:

John Martin Robinson, MA (St And), DPhil (Oxon), FSA

2691:, all of whom held the Honour (estate) of Richmond. 2411:

in 2023. At other times, kings of arms wear a black

2389:

Miserere mei Deus secundum magnam misericordiam tuam

1674:

A section of a modern grant of arms for the Rt. Rev

8856:

Government agencies established in the 15th century

6969:

The National Archives' page for the College of Arms

6572: 5777: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3516:The College originally occupied a property between 3142:Beginning in 1539 this officer was a herald to the 2614:

Robert John Baptist Noel, MA (Oxon), MPhil (Cantab)

2585:Whose province is the part of England south of the 298:, the College is one of the few remaining official 6796: 6598: 6540: 6534: 5409: 5385: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 3985: 2371:Another of the heralds' insignia of office is the 816:. After the execution of Charles I, Walker joined 6033: 5149:. Political and Constitutional Reform Committee. 2679:From 1421 to 1485 Richmond was a herald to John, 2435:Heraldic representation of a King of Arms's crown 1939:, in 2007 this responsibility was assumed by the 884:On 8 May 1660, the heralds at the command of the 394:, with their heraldic crests and badges from the 8807: 6887: 5890: 5886: 5884: 5496: 5494: 5437: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5403: 5133: 4992: 4990: 4514: 3948: 3946: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3797: 3374:Other institutions linked to the College of Arms 3019:service, from where the title probably derives. 3015:Said to have been instituted by Henry V for the 2409:coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla 263:and are delegated authority to act on behalf of 5525: 5523: 5459:London: J. Nichols, Son, and Bentley. pp. 5297:Alderson, Andrew; Lusher, Adam (7 April 2002). 5129: 5127: 5125: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4720: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4085:"The College of Arms Newsletter, December 2009" 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 2295:, under a king of Persia." (a reference to the 386:, the College of Arms' founder, his wife Queen 8841:Grade I listed buildings in the City of London 6750: 6726: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6522: 6490: 6464: 6434: 6404: 6374: 5934: 5932: 5717:. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 5612:"Introductory text to the Roll of the Peerage" 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5330:"Wit, wisdom, and not a burgundy tie in sight" 5296: 4938:"The College of Arms Newsletter, October 2009" 3750:, p. 95 (translated by author from Latin) 3470:Subjects under the jurisdiction of the College 2058:Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England 995:between England and Scotland, in the reign of 532:Prince Arthur's Book, an armorial of arms for 8522: 7697: 7422: 7011: 6666:(Revised ed.). London: Frederick Warne. 6656: 6549: 6340: 6338: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5881: 5491: 5426: 5420: 5391: 5280: 5278: 5276: 4987: 4671: 4669: 4493: 4491: 4278: 4276: 4137: 4135: 4055: 4053: 3943: 3815: 3758: 3756: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3286:a cross patonce between five martlets, all or 2712:Michael Peter Desmond O'Donoghue, MA (Cantab) 1937:Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs 1400:. The procession starts at the bottom of the 681:The queen and her husband (and co-sovereign) 500:. The College was also granted a house named 8163:List of civil parishes in the City of London 6687:A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular 6528: 6350:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 5554: 5552: 5520: 5397: 5122: 4956: 4912:"The College of Arms Newsletter, March 2009" 4693: 4503: 4334: 4332: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4215: 4213: 4176: 4174: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4040: 4038: 4036: 3963: 3961: 3780: 3743: 3741: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 1961:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 612:commented in 1863, that the: "Arms of Queen 153:Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk 6875:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 6587: 6555: 6496: 6064: 5929: 5352: 4120: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3595:"Privy Council: Record of Charters Granted" 2966:Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary 2542:David Vines White, MA (Cantab), MA (Londin) 8826:Buildings and structures completed in 1683 8529: 8515: 7704: 7690: 7429: 7415: 7018: 7004: 6956: 6774: 6346:"New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary" 6335: 6301:"Rouge Croix Pursuivant - College of Arms" 6021: 5973: 5961: 5944: 5715:"New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary" 5273: 4775: 4751: 4681: 4666: 4654: 4642: 4604: 4592: 4580: 4568: 4556: 4544: 4532: 4520: 4488: 4476: 4464: 4404: 4344: 4273: 4249: 4237: 4225: 4198: 4186: 4159: 4132: 4126: 4050: 3973: 3931: 3919: 3907: 3883: 3809: 3803: 3762: 3753: 3747: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3544: 3301:On a ducal coronet or, a dove rising azure 3256: 2932:Rouge Croix Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary 2303:and (until the last century) the bishop's 1811: 1423:. On this occasion, new Companions of the 1259:Main entrance to the College of Arms, 2011 1060:Herald's College, Bennet's Hill. Drawn by 960:of the building and some details, such as 808:and followed him on all of his campaigns. 717:bill from 1663, discovered in 2009 at the 217: 47: 8851:Organisations based in the City of London 6329:"Bluemantle Pursuivant - College of Arms" 6287:"Portcullis Pursuivant - College of Arms" 5604: 5549: 4452: 4440: 4428: 4416: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4329: 4312: 4288: 4261: 4210: 4171: 4147: 4103: 4033: 4021: 4009: 3958: 3738: 3674: 3222:Fitzalan Pursuivant of Arms Extraordinary 3025: 3000:Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary 2972:Phillip Alan Bone, BA, MSt, DPhil (Oxon) 2902:Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary 2102: 1931:. The warrant was later published in the 1579:and a literal 'coat of arms' (a heraldic 1542:The heraldic funeral procession of Queen 361:, a hereditary office always held by the 8618:United States Army Institute of Heraldry 8536: 6851:. United Kingdom: Turner & Marwood. 6502: 6446: 6416: 6386: 6253: 6205: 6199: 6187: 6178:, 9 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021. 6160:, 9 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021. 6082: 5636: 5588:. legislation.gov.uk. 11 November 1999. 4626:. legislation.gov.uk. 5 September 2001. 3895: 3871: 3719: 3464:United States Army Institute of Heraldry 3063:New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary 2430: 2344: 2309: 2261: 2127:; all appointments are announced in the 1985: 1914:Register of Lords Spiritual and Temporal 1836: 1744: 1669: 1618: 1602: 1537: 1445: 1415:Garter Service or Garter Day is held in 1351: 1306: 1254: 1159: 1112: 1055: 1018: 933: 863: 727: 640: 582: 527: 377: 6714:. London: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin. 6704: 6680: 6610: 6581: 5788: 5199:"How a New King Succeeds to the Throne" 5008: 4879: 4306: 4003: 3991: 3643: 3096:Maltravers Herald of Arms Extraordinary 2497: 1832: 792:began in 1642 during the reign of King 543:The defeat and death of Richard III at 14: 8808: 6865: 6844: 6566: 6070: 6027: 6015: 6003: 5991: 5979: 5967: 5955: 5938: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5485: 5473: 5284: 5173:"Royal Residences: St. James's Palace" 5052:"Pomp and Circumstance at Westminster" 4805: 4793: 4781: 4769: 4757: 4687: 4675: 4660: 4648: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4574: 4562: 4550: 4538: 4526: 4497: 4482: 4470: 4410: 4350: 4323: 4282: 4255: 4243: 4231: 4204: 4192: 4165: 4141: 4071: 4059: 3979: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3889: 3774: 3732: 3687: 3006:James van Someren Peill, MA (Edin.), 2938:Thomas Andrew Johnston, BA (Tasmania) 2787:Originally a servant of the Earls and 2780:Adam Simon Tuck, MA (Cantab), MA (LCC) 2574:Timothy Hugh Stewart Duke, MA (Cantab) 2075:Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel 1869: 1283:in Gloucestershire, the home of Major 649:by Sir Thomas Wriothesley, c 1528 175:Recording, granting and regulation of 8510: 7685: 7410: 7397: 6999: 6820: 5841: 5449: 5261:from the original on 28 November 2011 5084:from the original on 12 November 2013 4458: 4446: 4434: 4422: 4398: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4338: 4294: 4267: 4219: 4180: 4153: 4114: 4044: 4027: 4015: 3967: 3952: 3901: 3877: 3701:"LITERÆ DE INCORPORATIONE HERALDORUM" 3114:, originally instituted around 1540. 2815:Mark John Rosborough Scott, MA (Oxon) 2366:. These take the form of short black 1368:The College of Arms is a part of the 872:, Windsor Herald. On a visitation to 285:Royal Household of the United Kingdom 197:Royal Household of the United Kingdom 7437:Royal heraldry in the United Kingdom 6356:from the original on 29 January 2012 6315:"New Appointments - College of Arms" 5737:"College of Arms (Question No. 806)" 5327: 5309:from the original on 24 January 2012 5104:"Members of the Order of the Garter" 5058:from the original on 6 February 2012 4975:from the original on 17 January 2013 4969:"Official Royal posts: Earl Marshal" 4944:from the original on 21 January 2012 4918:from the original on 4 February 2012 4861:from the original on 8 February 2009 4630:from the original on 13 October 2010 3662:from the original on 30 January 2012 3601:from the original on 14 October 2011 3384:– The official church of the College 3294:1484 (hypothetical), 1555 (definite) 3186:Arundel Herald of Arms Extraordinary 3128:Norfolk Herald of Arms Extraordinary 2773:Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary 2123:, and the Officers Extraordinary by 2083: 1908:, would prove their succession by a 1710: 1707:; they were freed a few days later. 1607:A grant of Arms for Henry Draper of 1599:Granting and proving descent of arms 1396:, preceding the Sovereign and other 1210:as part of its campaign against the 1014: 392:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales 8831:Former houses in the City of London 8558:Council of Heraldry and Vexillology 7643:Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales 7399:Articles related to College of Arms 7025: 6897:. London: Oxford University Press. 6273:"Somerset Herald - College of Arms" 6213:. 27 September 2017. p. 18030. 6052:from the original on 18 August 2016 5896: 5646:. 11 June 2004. pp. 7320–7321. 5054:. Christine Riding for BBC Online. 4880:Johnson, Wesley (5 February 2009). 4851:"Fire at heraldry records building" 4706:"Committee on the Heralds' College" 3859:from the original on 17 August 2016 3441:Council of Heraldry and Vexillology 3246:Armorial achievement of the College 2809:Somerset Herald of Arms in Ordinary 2661:Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary 2006:The office originates from that of 1753:in the capital and largest city of 878:St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 848:'s second installation ceremony as 523: 463:Literæ de incorporatione heraldorum 259:. The heralds are appointed by the 24: 7711: 7462:Cadency labels of the Royal Family 6913: 6478:"Arundel Herald - College of Arms" 6424:. 15 November 1994. p. 15981. 5618:from the original on 18 March 2013 4892:from the original on 17 March 2009 3707:from the original on 20 March 2012 3575:from the original on 13 April 2009 3160:Wales Herald of Arms Extraordinary 2855:Said to have been created by King 2839:Chester Herald of Arms in Ordinary 2745:Windsor Herald of Arms in Ordinary 2492: 1777: 1761:As soon as the composition of the 1699:, into granting a coat of arms to 1417:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 1358:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 645:Roll of grants of arms during the 636: 25: 8867: 8836:Organizations established in 1484 6943: 6760:. London: Illuminata Publishers. 6512:. 26 October 1998. p. 11553. 6261:. 7 November 2023. p. 22370. 6235:from the original on 13 July 2019 6129:. College of Arms. Archived from 5876:Bedingfeld & Gwynn-Jones 1993 5823:from the original on 21 June 2016 5670:from the original on 3 March 2012 5592:from the original on 19 July 2012 5566:from the original on 21 June 2016 5537:from the original on 21 June 2016 5340:from the original on 13 June 2014 5235:from the original on 3 April 2015 5179:from the original on 9 March 2009 5153:from the original on 4 March 2012 5110:from the original on 24 June 2009 5032:from the original on 2 April 2015 4997:Bedingfeld & Gwynn-Jones 1993 4831:from the original on 12 June 2013 4087:. College of Arms. Archived from 3825:Bedingfeld & Gwynn-Jones 1993 3631:from the original on 30 June 2019 3070:Phillip Patrick O'Shea, CNZM, CVO 2426: 1950: 1593:Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother 820:in his exile in the Netherlands. 691:Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby 653:The College found a patroness in 8761: 8749: 8737: 8725: 8713: 8701: 8689: 8624:New Zealand Herald Extraordinary 8491: 8490: 8395: 8384: 8373: 8367: 8356: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8316: 8305: 8294: 8288: 8277: 8271: 8265: 8254: 8243: 8237: 8226: 7485: 7100: 6891:; Robinson, John Martin (1988). 6604: 6516: 6484: 6470: 6458: 6440: 6428: 6410: 6398: 6380: 6368: 6321: 6307: 6293: 6279: 6265: 6247: 6217: 6181: 6163: 6145: 6076: 6009: 5997: 5985: 5869: 5835: 5755: 5729: 5707: 5682: 5663:. College of Arms. 1 June 2004. 5650: 5630: 5614:. College of Arms. 1 June 2004. 5578: 5508:from the original on 31 May 2016 5479: 5467: 5443: 5321: 5290: 5247: 5217: 5191: 3332: 3251:Coat of arms of College of Arms 3213: 3177: 3151: 3119: 3087: 3054: 2991: 2957: 2923: 2893: 2872:Pursuivants of Arms in Ordinary 2830: 2800: 2764: 2736: 2696: 2652: 2598: 2558: 2526: 2045: 1957:New Zealand Herald Extraordinary 823:Meanwhile, on 3 August 1646 the 38: 6454:. 2 August 2010. p. 14735. 5763:"Australian Heraldic Authority" 5328:Moss, Stephen (10 April 2002). 5225:"New King proclaimed to-morrow" 5165: 5139: 5096: 5070: 5044: 5014: 5002: 4930: 4904: 4873: 4843: 4811: 4799: 4787: 4763: 4624:"Lyon King of Arms Act of 1867" 4616: 4300: 4077: 4065: 3997: 3768: 3656:"How the College of Arms works" 3135:David Rankin-Hunt, CVO, MBE, TD 3033:Officers of Arms Extraordinary 2705:York Herald of Arms in Ordinary 1975: 1916:, a document maintained by the 1884:removed the automatic right of 1374:Sovereign of the United Kingdom 8821:1484 establishments in England 8127:National Firefighters Memorial 7666:Monarchy of the United Kingdom 6979:College of Arms Foundation USA 6690:. London: Windsor And Newton. 6599:Fox-Davies & Johnston 1909 6535:Fox-Davies & Johnston 1909 6394:. 27 April 1989. p. 5041. 6195:. 12 April 2010. p. 6285. 5817:"The current officers of arms" 3693: 3613: 3587: 3510: 2607:Norroy and Ulster King of Arms 1360:for the annual service of the 1186:Norroy and Ulster King of Arms 975:The magnificent coronation of 746:Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk 626:Dissolution of the Monasteries 504:(formerly Poulteney's Inn) on 453:dated 2 March 1484, under the 13: 1: 7349: 7337: 6923:; Godfrey, Walter H. (1963). 5765:. Australian Heraldry Society 4824:. stbenetwelshchurch.org.uk. 3853:"Architecture of the College" 3531: 3350: 1384:and at the Garter Service at 1347: 1208:Liberal Government of the day 774:William Cecil, Baron Burghley 446:appointed to both positions. 373: 166:Garter Principal King of Arms 79:18 July 1555 (reincorporated) 8189:Cannon Street Railway Bridge 6894:The Oxford Guide to Heraldry 6803:A Complete Guide to Heraldry 5891:Woodcock & Robinson 1988 5438:Woodcock & Robinson 1988 5404:Woodcock & Robinson 1988 5134:Woodcock & Robinson 1988 4515:Woodcock & Robinson 1988 3798:Woodcock & Robinson 1988 3449:– Flemish Community, Belgium 2631:Heralds of Arms in Ordinary 2024:Head of the College of Arms 1749:The coat of arms of city of 1665: 1419:every June on the Monday of 889:from the tomb of James I in 783: 398:. A roll of arms painted by 310:and the College of Arms for 7: 8612:Canadian Heraldic Authority 7307:Alastair Bruce of Crionaich 6806:. New York: Dodge Pub. Co. 6800:; Johnston, Graham (1909). 5147:"Rules of Royal Succession" 4882:"Fire hits College of Arms" 3459:National Archives of Sweden 3443:- French Community, Belgium 3429:Canadian Heraldic Authority 3415:in other parts of the world 3368: 2257: 2071:Miles, 17th Duke of Norfolk 1966:Canadian Heraldic Authority 1456:State Opening of Parliament 1433:Military Knights of Windsor 1382:State Opening of Parliament 1331:, the Deputy Earl Marshal. 1327:, the Earl Marshal and the 1133:(the Deputy Earl Marshal), 1131:Lord Edward Fitzalan-Howard 859: 740:The reign of Mary's sister 340:State Opening of Parliament 239:consisting of professional 77:2 March 1484 (incorporated) 10: 8872: 8184:Blackfriars Railway Bridge 7724:City of London Corporation 7648:Prince of Wales's feathers 7589:In My Defens God Me Defend 6798:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles 6776:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles 6523:Chesshyre & Ailes 1986 6491:Chesshyre & Ailes 1986 6465:Chesshyre & Ailes 1986 6435:Chesshyre & Ailes 1986 6405:Chesshyre & Ailes 1986 6375:Chesshyre & Ailes 1986 6090:. 5 July 2021. p. 77. 3425:– Scotland, United Kingdom 3349:in his heraldic treatise ( 2952:, instituted around 1418. 2087: 1979: 1873: 1250: 917:, then later moved to the 825:Committee of Sequestration 578:Field of the Cloth of Gold 368: 8636: 8570:State Council of Heraldry 8544: 8486: 8410: 8217: 8171: 8155: 8057: 7951: 7900: 7879: 7741: 7719: 7661: 7628: 7561: 7515:Honi soit qui mal y pense 7494: 7483: 7442: 7404: 7316: 7235: 7190: 7109: 7098: 7051: 7033: 5658:"The Roll of the Peerage" 5586:"House of Lords Act 1999" 5502:"Proving a right to arms" 3274:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies 3032: 2871: 2630: 2504: 2023: 1943:within the newly created 1649:Commentary upon Littleton 1356:Heralds in procession to 1108: 689:. The house was built by 661:to the throne. When King 402:around 1483–1485 for the 243:, with jurisdiction over 202: 190: 171: 146: 118: 101: 83: 73: 62: 46: 37: 8644:Toison d'Or King of Arms 8564:Flemish Heraldic Council 8468:Public art and memorials 8092:Golden Boy of Pye Corner 7472:The Lion and the Unicorn 6754:; Ailes, Adrian (2001). 6730:; Ailes, Adrian (1986). 5560:"Registering a Pedigree" 3597:. Privy Council Office. 3503: 3447:Flemish Heraldic Council 3284:, which was composed of 2861:Edward, the Black Prince 2446:The Glory of Generositie 2315:Sir William Henry Weldon 2203:Provincial Kings of Arms 2144: 2077:(born 3 December 1987). 1918:Clerk of the Parliaments 1625:Shakespeare coat of arms 1342: 1317:St Benet's, Paul's Wharf 1119:St Benet's, Paul's Wharf 758:York Herald Ralph Brooke 8137:Old Billingsgate Market 7582:Nemo me impune lacessit 6845:Robson, Thomas (1830). 6642:. London: Bison Books. 5175:. The Royal Household. 5106:. The Royal Household. 5080:. The Royal Household. 4971:. The Royal Household. 4739:. The National Archives 4708:. The National Archives 3703:. S.Uemura's Web Page. 3488:Northern Irish Heraldry 2567:Clarenceux King of Arms 2121:Great Seal of the Realm 1882:House of Lords Act 1999 1812:Change of name and arms 1676:Archibald Howard Cullen 1573:target (shield of arms) 1435:and contingents of the 1398:Great Officers of State 1272:) and Duchess of York ( 814:negotiations at Newport 754:Clarenceux Robert Cooke 629:fined for breaking the 534:Arthur, Prince of Wales 442:, who became the first 440:Earl Marshal of England 8600:Court of the Lord Lyon 8122:Merchant Taylors' Hall 7964:Bank of England Museum 7620:Court of the Lord Lyon 7237:Officers Extraordinary 7043:High Court of Chivalry 6974:The White Lion Society 6929:British History Online 6830:. London: J. Debrett. 6781:The right to bear arms 3423:Court of the Lord Lyon 3046:(date of appointment) 3026:Officers Extraordinary 2916:Lady Margaret Beaufort 2885:(date of appointment) 2644:(date of appointment) 2518:(date of appointment) 2436: 2364:Sir Alfred Scott-Gatty 2350: 2327:Sovereign's royal arms 2321: 2278: 2103:Heralds of the College 2096:High Court of Chivalry 1991: 1850: 1792:deed of change of name 1790:, more specifically a 1758: 1687: 1628: 1616: 1547: 1544:Elizabeth I of England 1525:Lord Great Chamberlain 1459: 1365: 1312: 1260: 1189: 1137:(Queen's Counsel) and 1122: 1065: 1024: 1001:Court of the Lord Lyon 951: 881: 750:Garter William Dethick 737: 676:Duke of Northumberland 650: 606:heraldic augmentations 596: 593:Sir Thomas Wriothesley 589:Westminster Tournament 554:Lady Margaret Beaufort 540: 407: 304:Court of the Lord Lyon 296:Richard III of England 271:, the granting of new 88:Richard III of England 8588:Cronista Rey de Armas 8204:Millennium Footbridge 8117:London Stock Exchange 8087:Bevis Marks Synagogue 7994:Guildhall Art Gallery 7730:Parks and open spaces 6984:11 April 2013 at the 6964:College of Arms Trust 3437:– Republic of Ireland 3382:St Benet Paul's Wharf 2434: 2348: 2340:Ede & Ravenscroft 2313: 2275:Royal Arms of England 2265: 2165:Officers in Ordinary 2037:(date of succession) 1989: 1840: 1748: 1680:Bishop of Grahamstown 1673: 1622: 1606: 1541: 1449: 1437:Sovereign's Bodyguard 1355: 1310: 1295:with the help of the 1258: 1163: 1141:(a Sergeant at Law). 1135:Sir William Alexander 1116: 1059: 1029:Hanoverian succession 1022: 937: 919:Palace of Westminster 886:Convention Parliament 867: 731: 711:Queen Victoria Street 644: 586: 568:Of the reign of King 531: 465:" is now held in the 381: 320:Queen Victoria Street 279:and the recording of 277:genealogical research 107:Queen Victoria Street 8846:Heraldic authorities 8792:51.51222°N 0.09889°W 8664:(Kingdom of Ireland) 8538:Heraldic authorities 7610:Order of the Thistle 7467:Imperial State Crown 7263:John Martin Robinson 6991:The Heraldry Society 6784:. London: E. Stock. 5842:Janin, Hunt (2004). 5231:. UK. 6 April 2000. 3498:New Zealand heraldry 3413:heraldic authorities 3404:The Heraldry Society 3282:Edward the Confessor 2498:Officers in Ordinary 1833:Genealogical records 1645:Law of heraldic arms 1623:1602 drawing of the 1529:Master of Ceremonies 1465:death of a Sovereign 1429:the Waterloo Chamber 1406:Imperial State Crown 911:Great Fire of London 838:Member of Parliament 802:Parliamentarian side 687:Hampton Court Palace 518:Lord Mayor of London 514:Sir John de Pulteney 510:All-Hallows-the-Less 424:Constable of England 324:ceremonial occasions 300:heraldic authorities 8788: / 8662:Ulster King of Arms 8576:Genealogical Office 8552:Council of Nobility 8072:2 King's Bench Walk 8044:St Paul's Cathedral 8034:Prince Henry's Room 7974:Clockmakers' Museum 7959:20 Fenchurch Street 7600:Honours of Scotland 7192:Pursuivants of Arms 6921:Wagner, Sir Anthony 6867:Wagner, Sir Anthony 6658:Brooke-Little, J.P. 6048:. College of Arms. 6046:"Some past heralds" 5819:. College of Arms. 5562:. College of Arms. 5533:. College of Arms. 5504:. College of Arms. 5028:. 15 October 1998. 4940:. College of Arms. 4914:. College of Arms. 4857:. 5 February 2009. 3855:. College of Arms. 3658:. College of Arms. 3571:. College of Arms. 3493:Australian heraldry 3435:Genealogical Office 3325:DILIGENT AND SECRET 3252: 3017:Order of the Garter 2591:Dukedom of Clarence 2535:Garter King of Arms 2459:Sir William Dugdale 2325:inscribed with the 2179:Garter King of Arms 2117:Pursuivants of Arms 2032:Titles and offices 2012:Lord High Constable 1945:Ministry of Justice 1929:Roll of the Peerage 1876:Roll of the Peerage 1870:Roll of the Peerage 1684:George Rothe Bellew 1517:Coronation Ceremony 1425:Order of the Garter 1378:symbol of the state 1362:Order of the Garter 1336:London Fire Brigade 989:Glorious Revolution 970:Neo-Classical style 942:, and published in 915:Palace of Whitehall 707:St Paul's Cathedral 622:heraldic visitation 574:Francis I of France 506:Upper Thames Street 488:daily for himself, 355:Pursuivants of Arms 257:Commonwealth realms 55:St Paul's Cathedral 34: 8797:51.51222; -0.09889 8606:Bureau of Heraldry 8179:Blackfriars Bridge 7984:Dr Johnson's House 7836:Farringdon Without 7615:Unicorn Supporters 7477:The Queen's Beasts 7452:Royal coat of arms 6663:Boutell's Heraldry 6634:Gwynn-Jones, Peter 6550:Brooke-Little 1978 6509:The London Gazette 6452:The London Gazette 6422:The London Gazette 6392:The London Gazette 6259:The London Gazette 6211:The London Gazette 6193:The London Gazette 6175:The London Gazette 6157:The London Gazette 6133:on 4 February 2012 6088:The London Gazette 5643:The London Gazette 5421:Brooke-Little 1978 5392:Brooke-Little 1978 5371:"Granting of Arms" 5203:The New York Times 3453:Bureau of Heraldry 3398:White Lion Society 3347:John de Bado Aureo 3250: 2940:(20 February 2023) 2910:(21 February 2022) 2789:Dukes of Lancaster 2475:John Brooke-Little 2471:Sir Anthony Wagner 2437: 2351: 2322: 2279: 2001:Dukedom of Norfolk 1992: 1970:Bureau of Heraldry 1968:or South Africa's 1890:peerage of England 1851: 1849:circa 1570 to 1588 1759: 1688: 1629: 1617: 1587:read out the full 1548: 1490:Royal Horse Guards 1477:St. James's Palace 1460: 1458:on 3 November 1936 1366: 1321:Queen Elizabeth II 1313: 1261: 1240:Sir Anthony Wagner 1231:Secretary of State 1190: 1155:Scottish Judiciary 1123: 1066: 1062:Thomas H. Shepherd 1025: 993:Acts of Union 1707 952: 882: 738: 683:Philip II of Spain 651: 597: 541: 475:Kingdom of England 420:Duke of Gloucester 408: 267:in all matters of 96:Philip II of Spain 32: 18:College of Heralds 8677: 8676: 8671: 8670: 8656:Consulta Araldica 8504: 8503: 8463:Lord Mayor's Show 8432:Listed buildings 8049:Smithfield Market 7999:Leadenhall Market 7831:Farringdon Within 7732: 7679: 7678: 7595:Crown of Scotland 7528:St Edward's Crown 7522:Dieu et mon droit 7391: 7390: 7275:David Rankin-Hunt 7212:(Thomas Johnston) 7181:vacant since 2023 7149:John Allen-Petrie 7086:Norroy and Ulster 6752:Chesshyre, Hubert 6728:Chesshyre, Hubert 6630:Bedingfeld, Henry 5692:. College of Arms 5531:"Changes of Name" 5373:. College of Arms 5257:. London Online. 3366: 3365: 3243: 3242: 3138:(25 October 1994) 3106:(25 January 1989) 3073:(6 February 1978) 3023: 3022: 2974:(6 November 2023) 2946:St George's Cross 2859:, as a herald to 2783:(2 November 2023) 2725:Edmund of Langley 2482:Sir John Vanbrugh 2252: 2251: 2228: 2125:Royal Sign Manual 2090:Court of Chivalry 2084:Court of Chivalry 2081: 2080: 1711:Current procedure 1633:armorial bearings 1627:, granted in 1596 1589:styles and titles 1585:Peter Gwynn-Jones 1521:Westminster Abbey 1494:City Remembrancer 1473:Privy Councillors 1469:Accession Council 1297:Ministry of Works 1236:royal prerogative 1203:Sir Algernon West 1143:Sir Bernard Burke 1015:Comfortable decay 981:William of Orange 891:Westminster Abbey 810:Sir Edward Walker 790:English Civil War 719:National Archives 508:in the parish of 482:seal of authority 426:for his brother ( 261:British Sovereign 225: 224: 92:Mary I of England 16:(Redirected from 8863: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8798: 8793: 8789: 8786: 8785: 8784: 8781: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8756:Northern Ireland 8754: 8753: 8752: 8742: 8741: 8740: 8730: 8729: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8706: 8705: 8704: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8685: 8531: 8524: 8517: 8508: 8507: 8494: 8493: 8453:Lord Lieutenants 8448:Livery companies 8399: 8388: 8377: 8371: 8360: 8352:Liverpool Street 8349: 8343: 8337: 8331: 8323:Fenchurch Street 8320: 8309: 8298: 8292: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8258: 8247: 8241: 8230: 8209:Southwark Bridge 8112:Lloyd's building 8024:Museum of London 8004:London Mithraeum 7728: 7706: 7699: 7692: 7683: 7682: 7605:Heraldic Thistle 7489: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7408: 7407: 7395: 7394: 7351: 7339: 7204:(Dominic Ingram) 7137:Peter O'Donoghue 7104: 7020: 7013: 7006: 6997: 6996: 6960: 6955: 6954: 6952:Official website 6939: 6937: 6935: 6908: 6889:Woodcock, Thomas 6884: 6862: 6841: 6817: 6793: 6771: 6747: 6723: 6711:English Heraldry 6706:Boutell, Charles 6701: 6682:Boutell, Charles 6677: 6653: 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6585: 6579: 6570: 6564: 6553: 6547: 6538: 6532: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6513: 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3253: 3249: 3235:(7 October 1998) 3217: 3181: 3155: 3144:dukes of Norfolk 3123: 3112:Baron Maltravers 3091: 3058: 3030: 3029: 2995: 2961: 2927: 2897: 2834: 2823:Duke of Somerset 2804: 2768: 2740: 2700: 2689:Earl of Richmond 2685:Duke of Clarence 2656: 2602: 2562: 2530: 2502: 2501: 2336:Lord Chamberlain 2222: 2162: 2161: 2049: 2021: 2020: 1886:hereditary peers 1631:The granting of 1421:Royal Ascot week 1394:Royal Procession 1281:Thornbury Castle 1153:and part of the 1082:Trafalgar Square 1050:House of Commons 944:William Maitland 929:Francis Sandford 538:English heraldry 524:Varying fortunes 496:, and his heir, 390:, and their son 384:King Richard III 294:in 1484 by King 253:Northern Ireland 241:officers of arms 233:Heralds' College 221: 216: 213: 211: 210:.college-of-arms 209: 133:Northern Ireland 51: 42: 35: 31: 21: 8871: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8861: 8860: 8816:College of Arms 8806: 8805: 8796: 8794: 8790: 8787: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8750: 8748: 8738: 8736: 8724: 8714: 8712: 8702: 8700: 8690: 8688: 8680: 8678: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8650:Carolina Herald 8632: 8620:(United States) 8594:College of Arms 8540: 8535: 8505: 8500: 8482: 8406: 8312:City Thameslink 8219: 8213: 8194:Holborn Viaduct 8167: 8151: 8082:Bank of England 8059: 8053: 7989:Finsbury Circus 7979:College of Arms 7969:Barbican Centre 7947: 7896: 7875: 7737: 7715: 7710: 7680: 7675: 7657: 7624: 7557: 7553:College of Arms 7490: 7481: 7438: 7435: 7400: 7392: 7387: 7312: 7231: 7186: 7111:Heralds of Arms 7105: 7096: 7047: 7029: 7027:College of Arms 7024: 6986:Wayback Machine 6950: 6949: 6946: 6933: 6931: 6916: 6914:Further reading 6911: 6905: 6859: 6838: 6814: 6768: 6744: 6698: 6674: 6650: 6617: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6588: 6580: 6573: 6565: 6556: 6548: 6541: 6533: 6529: 6521: 6517: 6501: 6497: 6489: 6485: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6463: 6459: 6445: 6441: 6433: 6429: 6415: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6385: 6381: 6373: 6369: 6359: 6357: 6344: 6343: 6336: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6271: 6270: 6266: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6236: 6229:College of Arms 6223: 6222: 6218: 6204: 6200: 6186: 6182: 6168: 6164: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6125: 6124: 6095: 6081: 6077: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6044: 6043: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5945: 5937: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5909: 5908: 5897: 5889: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5840: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5815: 5814: 5795: 5787: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5746: 5744: 5735: 5734: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5695: 5693: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5635: 5631: 5621: 5619: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5595: 5593: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5540: 5538: 5529: 5528: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5500: 5499: 5492: 5484: 5480: 5472: 5468: 5448: 5444: 5436: 5427: 5419: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5376: 5374: 5369: 5368: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5295: 5291: 5283: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5236: 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3168:(2 August 2010) 3167: 3162: 3139: 3137: 3130: 3107: 3105: 3098: 3074: 3072: 3065: 3045: 3028: 3012: 3011:(16 April 2024) 3010: 3002: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2941: 2939: 2934: 2911: 2909: 2904: 2884: 2865:Earl of Chester 2863:, who was also 2852: 2848: 2841: 2818: 2817:(12 April 2024) 2816: 2811: 2793:Siege of Calais 2784: 2782: 2775: 2756: 2754: 2747: 2720: 2718: 2707: 2681:Duke of Bedford 2676: 2674: 2663: 2643: 2618: 2616: 2609: 2582: 2580: 2569: 2546: 2544: 2537: 2517: 2500: 2495: 2493:List of heralds 2429: 2405:All Saint's Day 2319:King Edward VII 2260: 2221: 2156:Thomas Woodcock 2147: 2113:Heralds of Arms 2105: 2092: 2086: 2066:(24 June 2002) 2065: 2056: 2053:Duke of Norfolk 2036: 1984: 1978: 1953: 1910:writ of summons 1878: 1872: 1860:pedigree charts 1835: 1814: 1780: 1778:Change of names 1713: 1701:Gregory Brandon 1668: 1641:time immemorial 1601: 1370:Royal Household 1350: 1345: 1329:Earl of Arundel 1325:Duke of Norfolk 1253: 1223:Lord Birkenhead 1147:Burke's Peerage 1145:(of the famous 1139:Edward Bellasis 1127:Duke of Norfolk 1111: 1091:Duke of Norfolk 1017: 957:terraced houses 909:In 1666 as the 895:The Restoration 862: 846:Oliver Cromwell 786: 639: 637:Reincorporation 610:Charles Boutell 601:Duke of Suffolk 526: 436:Duke of Norfolk 432:Sir John Howard 404:Earl of Warwick 376: 371: 363:Duke of Norfolk 351:Heralds of Arms 229:College of Arms 206: 160: 149: 121: 113: 109: 90: 78: 58: 33:College of Arms 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8869: 8859: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8771: 8770: 8758: 8746: 8734: 8722: 8710: 8698: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8659: 8653: 8647: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8630: 8627: 8621: 8615: 8609: 8608:(South Africa) 8603: 8597: 8591: 8585: 8579: 8573: 8567: 8561: 8555: 8548: 8546: 8542: 8541: 8534: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8511: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8498: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8444: 8443: 8438: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8414: 8412: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8393: 8382: 8365: 8354: 8325: 8314: 8303: 8286: 8263: 8252: 8235: 8223: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8175: 8173: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8159: 8157: 8156:Civil parishes 8153: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8107:Holborn Circus 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8063: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8039:Royal Exchange 8036: 8031: 8029:One New Change 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7889: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7806:Coleman Street 7803: 7798: 7796:Castle Baynard 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7747: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7735: 7734: 7733: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7713:City of London 7709: 7708: 7701: 7694: 7686: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7668: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7634: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7585: 7578: 7573: 7567: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7518: 7511: 7506: 7500: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7457:Royal Standard 7454: 7448: 7446: 7444:United Kingdom 7440: 7439: 7434: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7385: 7377: 7369: 7361: 7353: 7341: 7329: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7298: 7286: 7285:(Thomas Lloyd) 7278: 7266: 7254: 7251:Phillip O'Shea 7241: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7221: 7220:(Phillip Bone) 7213: 7205: 7196: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7184: 7172: 7164: 7152: 7140: 7128: 7125:Clive Cheesman 7115: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7082: 7070: 7057: 7055: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7023: 7022: 7015: 7008: 7000: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6945: 6944:External links 6942: 6941: 6940: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6903: 6885: 6863: 6857: 6842: 6836: 6818: 6812: 6794: 6772: 6766: 6748: 6743:978-0905715315 6742: 6724: 6702: 6696: 6678: 6672: 6654: 6648: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6616: 6615: 6603: 6586: 6571: 6554: 6539: 6527: 6515: 6495: 6483: 6469: 6457: 6439: 6427: 6409: 6397: 6379: 6367: 6334: 6320: 6306: 6292: 6278: 6264: 6246: 6216: 6198: 6180: 6170:"Crown Office" 6162: 6152:"Crown Office" 6144: 6093: 6075: 6063: 6032: 6020: 6008: 5996: 5984: 5972: 5960: 5943: 5928: 5915:WhatDoTheyKnow 5895: 5880: 5868: 5854: 5834: 5793: 5776: 5754: 5728: 5706: 5681: 5649: 5629: 5603: 5577: 5548: 5519: 5490: 5478: 5466: 5442: 5425: 5408: 5396: 5384: 5351: 5320: 5289: 5272: 5246: 5216: 5205:. 25 June 1902 5190: 5164: 5138: 5121: 5095: 5069: 5043: 5013: 5001: 4986: 4955: 4929: 4903: 4872: 4842: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4719: 4692: 4680: 4665: 4653: 4641: 4615: 4603: 4591: 4579: 4567: 4555: 4543: 4531: 4519: 4502: 4487: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4427: 4415: 4403: 4391: 4379: 4367: 4355: 4343: 4328: 4311: 4299: 4287: 4272: 4260: 4248: 4236: 4224: 4209: 4197: 4185: 4170: 4158: 4146: 4131: 4119: 4102: 4076: 4064: 4049: 4032: 4020: 4008: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3957: 3942: 3930: 3918: 3906: 3894: 3882: 3870: 3829: 3814: 3802: 3779: 3767: 3752: 3737: 3718: 3692: 3673: 3642: 3612: 3586: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3483:Welsh heraldry 3480: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3455:– South Africa 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3408: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3385: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3343: 3340: 3330: 3327: 3322: 3319: 3314: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3266: 3261: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3220: 3218: 3210: 3209: 3198: 3191: 3189: 3184: 3182: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3165: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3148: 3147: 3140: 3133: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3116: 3115: 3108: 3101: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3084: 3083: 3075: 3068: 3066: 3061: 3059: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3013: 3005: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2988: 2987: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2954: 2953: 2942: 2937: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2920: 2919: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2890: 2889: 2886: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2853: 2844: 2842: 2837: 2835: 2827: 2826: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2797: 2796: 2785: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2761: 2760: 2757: 2750: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2721: 2710: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2693: 2692: 2677: 2675:(7 April 2010) 2666: 2664: 2659: 2657: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2619: 2617:(1 April 2021) 2612: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2595: 2594: 2583: 2581:(1 April 2021) 2572: 2570: 2565: 2563: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2540: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2523: 2522: 2519: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2505:Kings of Arms 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2455:William Camden 2442:Sir John Ferne 2428: 2427:Qualifications 2425: 2355:court uniforms 2297:Book of Esther 2267:William Camden 2259: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2218: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2186: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2146: 2143: 2130:London Gazette 2104: 2101: 2088:Main article: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2067: 2060: 2050: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2025: 1980:Main article: 1977: 1974: 1952: 1951:Outside the UK 1949: 1933:London Gazette 1906:United Kingdom 1874:Main article: 1871: 1868: 1843:Northumberland 1834: 1831: 1813: 1810: 1801:London Gazette 1784:change of name 1779: 1776: 1736:Letters Patent 1712: 1709: 1667: 1664: 1660:Letters Patent 1600: 1597: 1552:State funerals 1510:Royal Exchange 1402:Victoria Tower 1386:Windsor Castle 1364:, 19 June 2006 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1302:Goodrich Court 1252: 1249: 1212:House of Lords 1199:Prime Minister 1195:Arthur Balfour 1110: 1107: 1086:Robert Abraham 1016: 1013: 924:London Gazette 861: 858: 850:Lord Protector 785: 782: 659:Lady Jane Grey 638: 635: 545:Bosworth field 525: 522: 471:corporate body 467:British Museum 418:. While still 375: 372: 370: 367: 336:Garter Service 332:state funerals 316:City of London 223: 222: 204: 200: 199: 194: 188: 187: 173: 169: 168: 150: 147: 144: 143: 122: 119: 116: 115: 111:City of London 103: 99: 98: 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 64: 60: 59: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8868: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8804: 8801: 8769: 8759: 8757: 8747: 8745: 8735: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8721: 8711: 8709: 8699: 8697: 8687: 8686: 8683: 8663: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8648: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8635: 8628: 8626:(New Zealand) 8625: 8622: 8619: 8616: 8613: 8610: 8607: 8604: 8601: 8598: 8595: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8583: 8580: 8577: 8574: 8571: 8568: 8565: 8562: 8559: 8556: 8553: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8527: 8525: 8520: 8518: 8513: 8512: 8509: 8497: 8489: 8488: 8485: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8409: 8403: 8402:Tower Gateway 8398: 8394: 8392: 8387: 8383: 8381: 8376: 8370: 8366: 8364: 8363:Mansion House 8359: 8355: 8353: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8326: 8324: 8319: 8315: 8313: 8308: 8304: 8302: 8301:Cannon Street 8297: 8291: 8287: 8285: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8264: 8262: 8257: 8253: 8251: 8250:Bank–Monument 8246: 8240: 8236: 8234: 8229: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220:tube stations 8216: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8199:London Bridge 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8056: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8014:Mansion House 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7899: 7893: 7892:Middle Temple 7890: 7888: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7878: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7740: 7731: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7702: 7700: 7695: 7693: 7688: 7687: 7684: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7660: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7543: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7519: 7517: 7516: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7493: 7488: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7441: 7432: 7427: 7425: 7420: 7418: 7413: 7412: 7409: 7403: 7396: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7354: 7347: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7315: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7279: 7276: 7272: 7271: 7267: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7234: 7228:(James Peill) 7227: 7226: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7150: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7138: 7134: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7108: 7103: 7092: 7088: 7087: 7083: 7080: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7053:Kings of Arms 7050: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7021: 7016: 7014: 7009: 7007: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6906: 6904:0-19-211658-4 6900: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6858:1-142-19756-5 6854: 6850: 6849: 6843: 6839: 6837:1-142-50652-5 6833: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6813:0-517-26643-1 6809: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6767:0-9537845-1-7 6763: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6697:1-146-28954-5 6693: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6673:0-7232-2096-4 6669: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6649:1-85422-433-6 6645: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6613:, p. 132 6612: 6607: 6600: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6584:, p. 131 6583: 6578: 6576: 6569:, p. 133 6568: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6552:, p. 232 6551: 6546: 6544: 6537:, p. 244 6536: 6531: 6524: 6519: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6499: 6492: 6487: 6479: 6473: 6466: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6436: 6431: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6406: 6401: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6376: 6371: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6339: 6330: 6324: 6316: 6310: 6302: 6296: 6288: 6282: 6274: 6268: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6073:, p. 326 6072: 6067: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6029: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6005: 6000: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5976: 5969: 5964: 5957: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5941:, p. 100 5940: 5935: 5933: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5893:, p. 139 5892: 5887: 5885: 5877: 5872: 5857: 5855:0-7864-1841-9 5851: 5847: 5846: 5838: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5791:, p. 109 5790: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5764: 5758: 5742: 5738: 5732: 5716: 5710: 5703: 5691: 5685: 5666: 5659: 5653: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5633: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5591: 5587: 5581: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5536: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5495: 5488:, p. 220 5487: 5482: 5476:, p. 219 5475: 5470: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5451:Pegge, Samuel 5446: 5440:, p. 143 5439: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5423:, p. 267 5422: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5405: 5400: 5394:, p. 265 5393: 5388: 5372: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5303:The Telegraph 5300: 5293: 5286: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5152: 5148: 5142: 5136:, p. 142 5135: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5083: 5079: 5073: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5017: 5011:, p. 110 5010: 5005: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4943: 4939: 4933: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4827: 4820: 4814: 4808:, p. 528 4807: 4802: 4796:, p. 551 4795: 4790: 4784:, p. 548 4783: 4778: 4772:, p. 547 4771: 4766: 4760:, p. 540 4759: 4754: 4738: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4690:, p. 536 4689: 4684: 4678:, p. 535 4677: 4672: 4670: 4663:, p. 527 4662: 4657: 4651:, p. 513 4650: 4645: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4613:, p. 512 4612: 4607: 4601:, p. 507 4600: 4595: 4589:, p. 518 4588: 4583: 4577:, p. 489 4576: 4571: 4565:, p. 486 4564: 4559: 4553:, p. 479 4552: 4547: 4541:, p. 478 4540: 4535: 4529:, p. 477 4528: 4523: 4517:, p. 141 4516: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4500:, p. 475 4499: 4494: 4492: 4485:, p. 474 4484: 4479: 4473:, p. 472 4472: 4467: 4461:, p. 375 4460: 4455: 4449:, p. 352 4448: 4443: 4437:, p. 348 4436: 4431: 4425:, p. 350 4424: 4419: 4413:, p. 318 4412: 4407: 4401:, p. 301 4400: 4395: 4389:, p. 295 4388: 4383: 4377:, p. 271 4376: 4371: 4365:, p. 270 4364: 4359: 4353:, p. 306 4352: 4347: 4341:, p. 269 4340: 4335: 4333: 4325: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4309:, p. 108 4308: 4303: 4297:, p. 267 4296: 4291: 4285:, p. 263 4284: 4279: 4277: 4270:, p. 256 4269: 4264: 4258:, p. 259 4257: 4252: 4246:, p. 258 4245: 4240: 4234:, p. 257 4233: 4228: 4222:, p. 228 4221: 4216: 4214: 4207:, p. 254 4206: 4201: 4195:, p. 256 4194: 4189: 4183:, p. 227 4182: 4177: 4175: 4168:, p. 222 4167: 4162: 4156:, p. 195 4155: 4150: 4144:, p. 199 4143: 4138: 4136: 4129:, p. 101 4128: 4123: 4117:, p. 160 4116: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4074:, p. 183 4073: 4068: 4062:, p. 182 4061: 4056: 4054: 4047:, p. 150 4046: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4030:, p. 149 4029: 4024: 4018:, p. 105 4017: 4012: 4006:, p. 125 4005: 4000: 3994:, p. 242 3993: 3988: 3982:, p. 181 3981: 3976: 3970:, p. 107 3969: 3964: 3962: 3955:, p. 101 3954: 3949: 3947: 3940:, p. 136 3939: 3934: 3928:, p. 135 3927: 3922: 3916:, p. 134 3915: 3910: 3903: 3898: 3892:, p. 131 3891: 3886: 3879: 3874: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3826: 3821: 3819: 3811: 3806: 3800:, p. 140 3799: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3776: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3749: 3744: 3742: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3690:, p. 130 3689: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3394:(now closed). 3393: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3359: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3238: 3233: 3230: 3229:Major General 3226: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3031: 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Retrieved 6893: 6871: 6847: 6826: 6802: 6780: 6756: 6732: 6710: 6686: 6662: 6638: 6620:Bibliography 6611:Boutell 1867 6606: 6601:, p. 47 6582:Boutell 1867 6530: 6525:, p. 42 6518: 6507: 6498: 6493:, p. 40 6486: 6472: 6467:, p. 49 6460: 6451: 6442: 6437:, p. 45 6430: 6421: 6412: 6407:, p. 43 6400: 6391: 6382: 6377:, p. 47 6370: 6358:. Retrieved 6323: 6309: 6295: 6281: 6267: 6258: 6249: 6237:. Retrieved 6228: 6219: 6210: 6201: 6192: 6183: 6173: 6165: 6155: 6147: 6135:. Retrieved 6131:the original 6087: 6078: 6066: 6054:. Retrieved 6030:, p. 90 6023: 6018:, p. 92 6011: 6006:, p. 93 5999: 5994:, p. 91 5987: 5982:, p. 83 5975: 5970:, p. 80 5963: 5958:, p. 79 5919:. Retrieved 5914: 5878:, p. 24 5871: 5859:. Retrieved 5844: 5837: 5825:. Retrieved 5789:Boutell 1863 5767:. Retrieved 5757: 5745:. Retrieved 5740: 5731: 5719:. Retrieved 5709: 5701: 5694:. Retrieved 5684: 5672:. Retrieved 5652: 5641: 5632: 5620:. Retrieved 5606: 5594:. Retrieved 5580: 5568:. Retrieved 5539:. Retrieved 5510:. 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Retrieved 4089:the original 4079: 4067: 4023: 4011: 4004:Boutell 1863 3999: 3992:Boutell 1863 3987: 3975: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3904:, p. 55 3897: 3885: 3880:, p. 54 3873: 3861:. Retrieved 3827:, p. 32 3812:, p. 89 3805: 3777:, p. 68 3770: 3765:, p. 88 3735:, p. 36 3709:. Retrieved 3695: 3664:. Retrieved 3633:. Retrieved 3624: 3621:"Contact Us" 3615: 3603:. Retrieved 3589: 3577:. 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