4501:
4422:
5270:
4781:. Angry protesters set fire to a building where security forces had fired on during a funeral demonstration. Eight security officers died in the fire as demonstrators took control of a police station, seizing weapons. Clashes between protesters and security forces continued in the following days. Some security officers defected after secret police and intelligence agents executed soldiers who refused to kill the civilians. On 6 June, Sunni militiamen and army defectors ambushed a group of security forces heading to the city which was met by a large government counterattack. Fearing a massacre, insurgents and defectors, along with 10,000 residents, fled across the Turkish border.
5203:
63:
5897:
tools on which it could best rely: Alawite-heavy special forces and regime protection units from the army; Alawite-heavy armed units from the various regime intelligence services; and mainly
Alawite auxiliaries loosely formed into militias. The tactics of choice were artillery and air bombardments of residential areas, incarceration and torture, and numerous massacres...shift from peaceful protest toward armed resistance occurred gradually throughout the first year and a half of the uprising.. as the regime employed ever greater levels of force to suppress an initially peaceful uprising, the opposition responded in kind.
4326:
5674:
have inevitably borne the overwhelming brunt of this abuse..This period has witnessed.. the rise to power of an
Alawite-dominated regime whose forty-year reign preached secularism only to deepen sectarian fault-lines when challenged, laying the groundwork for a civil war that has torn Syria's complex ethno-religious tapestry... the 1963 coup was accompanied by a dramatic surge of Alawite power in the military leadership. This trend of Alawite consolidation was accelerated by systematic discrimination against Sunnis among the Ba'ath's military adherents, as Alawites sought to further enhance their control.
4104:
4920:
332:
5345:
4434:
4857:
4589:
4808:, killing hundreds of civilians. The people of the city attempted to stave off the invasion by forming human shields. When Ba'athist commanding officers issued orders to shoot at the demonstrators, hundreds of soldiers refused to obey and defected from the military. As the Syrian military lost control of the situation, Assad government sent helicopters to fire at the defecting soldiers and the crowds of demonstrators. The assault on the city lasted until 12 June 2011.
4950:
street vendors participated in the movement daily. These protests started as 200 participants but it culminated as killings and beating was reported into tens of thousands. As rioting and looting was held, protesters were killed by security forces and in clashes between police and rioters, live ammunition and plastic bullets were fired. During the demonstrations on 18–19 November, 4–18 protesters were killed as they tried to March into
Damascus and the residence of
4714:
5359:
4198:
13418:
5140:
5285:(GCC) grouping denounced "mounting violence and the excessive use of force which resulted in killing and wounding large numbers" and "express sorrow for the continuous bloodshed". On 12 November, the Arab League announced that it would suspend Syria from the organization if Bashar's government did not stop violence against protestors by 16 November, and invited Syria's opposition parties to join talks in the League's headquarters in Cairo. Syria,
279:
4465:, and closed the country's only casino. The government also granted citizenship to thousands of Syrian Kurds previously labeled "foreigners". Following Bahrain's example, the Syrian government held a two-day national dialogue in July, in attempt to alleviate the crisis. However, the representatives that held the dialogue were mostly Ba'ath party members; in addition to Assad loyalist figures and leaders of pro-regime
4380:. Arrests focused on two groups: political activists, and men and boys from the towns that the Syrian Army would start to besiege in April. Many of those detained experienced ill-treatment. Many detainees were cramped in tight rooms and were given limited resources, and some were beaten, electrically jolted, or debilitated. At least 27 torture centers run by Syrian intelligence agencies were revealed by
4819:", launched by Syrian military forces in towns, cities and villages across the country resulted in the killings of at least 142 people and hundreds of injuries. At least 95 civilians were slaughtered in the city of Hama, after Ba'athist military forces shot at crowds of residents and bombed the streets of the city with tanks and heavy weaponry. Some besieged cities and towns fell into
5125:, etc.; resembling the popularity and mass-participation during the Syrian revolution in 2011. Protestors in regime-held areas waved revolutionary banners, chanted anti-government slogans and demanded the downfall of Ba'athist regime. By the end of August 2023, the nation-wide protests had resembled the revolutionary mass-demonstrations in early 2011.
4594:
4591:
4590:
4540:. Mosques used as headquarters for demonstrators and organizers were especially targeted. Security forces began shutting off water, power and phone lines, and confiscating flour and food. Clashes between the army and opposition forces, which included armed protesters and defected soldiers, led to the death of hundreds.
4716:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4720:
4593:
5048:. During the second emergency session on 18 August, several member states of the Human Rights Council demanded the resignation of Assad, while other countries called on Syrian government to immediately cease all its crackdown efforts and initiate dialogue for a political solution with the protestors.
4337:
Even before the uprising began, the Syrian government had made numerous arrests of political dissidents and human rights campaigners, many of whom were understood as terrorists by the Assad government. In early
February 2011, authorities arrested several activists, including political leaders Ghassan
4253:
mosque in Daraa, killing five more civilians. Victims included a doctor who was treating the wounded. Anger at the incident arose exponentially in the province and across the country. The regime attempted to simmer down the protests by announcing tax-cuts and pay rises the next day. On 25 March, tens
5673:
Alawites, in the service of a family-based regime trying desperately to save itself, have played a central role in violations of human rights and international law that include indiscriminate artillery and aerial bombardments of villages, summary executions, and massacres of civilians. Sunni Arabs..
5245:
newspaper reported in mid-September that the United States and Turkey (both of whom had condemned regime violence against peaceful protesters in Syria) were working together to prepare for a post-Assad Syria. A November 2011 poll by the Arab
American Institute revealed that the overwhelming majority
5173:
outlets and arresting reporters who try to cover protests. Some journalists had been reported to have gone missing, been detained, been tortured in custody, or been killed on duty. International media have relied heavily on footage shot by civilians, who would often upload the files on the internet.
4068:
was endemic in the public and private sectors. The pervasive nature of corruption had been a source of controversy within the Ba'ath party circles as well as the wider public; as early as the 1980s. The persistence of corruption, sectarian bias, nepotism and widespread bribery that existed in party,
4949:
Mass protests, rallies, demonstrations and riots continued throughout
October and it was met with violent repression. In October 2011, 4 days of anti-government demonstrations led to beatings and fighting nationwide. Students, workers, employees, retirees, peasants, farmers, university students and
4040:
newspaper described Syrian government as "the worst offender among Arab states", that engaged in imposing travel bans and restricted free movement of people. More than 400 individuals in Syria were reportedly restricted by Assad regime's travel bans in 2010. During this period, the Assad government
5896:
This grave situation has been brought about by a regime that elected to respond to peaceful protests against police brutality with deadly force...Over time, regime tactics have transformed a peaceful uprising into armed resistance. In trying to crush that resistance the regime has opted to use the
5312:
operating off the coast of Syria to monitor the ongoing Syrian uprising, with an unnamed
Western diplomat in the region noting: "It is probably routine movement. But it is going to put psychological pressure on the regime, and the Americans don’t mind that." On 25 November 2011; Russia, China and
3901:
As the Syrian insurgency progressed in
October–December 2011, protests against the government simultaneously strengthened across northern, southern and western Syria. The uprisings were crushed by massive crackdowns, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and hundreds of thousands of casualties,
4449:
During March and April, the Syrian government, hoping to alleviate the protests, offered political reforms and policy changes. Authorities shortened mandatory army conscription, and in an apparent attempt to reduce corruption, fired the governor of Daraa. The government announced it would release
4476:
A popular demand from protesters was an end of the nation's state of emergency, which had been in effect for nearly 50 years. The emergency law had been used to justify arbitrary arrests and detention, and to ban political opposition. After weeks of debate, Assad signed the decree on 21 April,
4033:
with 99.82% of the declared votes, Bashar al-Assad implemented numerous measures that further intensified political and cultural repression in Syria. Assad government expanded travel bans against numerous dissidents, intellectuals, authors and artists living in Syria; preventing them and their
6454:
The uprising has proven to be the boldest challenge to the Assad family's 40-year dynasty in Syria. inherited power in 2000, raising hopes that might transform his late father's stagnant and brutal dictatorship into a modern state... Now, as his regime escalates a brutal crackdown, it seems
4796:
During the first six months of the uprising, the inhabitants of Syria's two largest cities, Damascus and Aleppo, remained largely uninvolved in the anti-government protests. The two cities' central squares have seen rallies of thousands of pro-Assad protestors marching in support of the Assad
4595:
4597:
4596:
4297:
In his public address delivered on 30 March, Assad condemned the protests as a "foreign plot" and described those who were killed by the firing as a "sacrifice for national stability", sparking widespread outcry. A protestor who was the relative of one of the detained boys told reporters:
4375:
As the uprisings intensified, the Syrian government waged a campaign of arrests that captured tens of thousands of people. In response to the uprising, Syrian law had been changed to allow the police and any of the nation's 18 security forces to detain a suspect for eight days without a
4718:
5257:, issued a statement which said that the European Union "strongly condemns the violent repression, including through the use of live ammunition, of peaceful protests in various locations across Syria". Ashton reiterated the EU's condemnation on 31 July after Assad government's
4238:" on 18 March, when large-scale protests broke out in several cities, including Banias, Damascus, al-Hasakah, Daraa, Deir az-Zor, and Hama. Police responded to the protests with tear gas, water cannons, and beatings. At least 6 people were killed and many others injured.
5063:
across the country to defend themselves from the attacks of Ba'athist security apparatus. As the armed resistance began establishing control over vast swathes of regions across Syria throughout 2012, UN officially described the conflict as a "civil war" on 12 June 2012.
4185:
ongoing at that time, wrote that "Syria is now on the map of countries in the region with an uprising". On 15 March, dubbed a "Day of Rage" by numerous demonstrators, pro-democracy activists and online opposition groups, hundreds of protestors marched in the cities of
3878:, ordering them to fight the rebels. The regime's deployment of large-scale violence against protestors and civilians led to international condemnation of the Assad government and support for the protesters. Discontent among soldiers led to massive defections from the
4648:
massacred a rally of peaceful demonstrators by firing without warning, killing 30 and injuring about 200. The injured were denied entry to hospitals for treatment. By 24 May, the names of 1,062 people killed in the uprising since mid-March had been documented by the
5241:(SAA) soldiers were ordered by the Assad government to shoot protesters during demonstrations, as well as take part in arbitrary detentions. The group cited SAA defectors who stated that if they did not obey orders, they would have been shot by Assad loyalists. The
4958:. Workers demanded their wages to be paid. Stones and rocks were thrown at pictures of Bashar al-Assad on billboards. During protests in Aleppo in May 2012, police fired tear gas and used gunfire, striking retirees. During demonstrations by farmers and workers in
4792:
were besieged in early June. On 30 June, large protests erupted against the Assad government in Aleppo, Syria's largest city. On 3 July, Syrian tanks were deployed to Hama, two days after the city witnessed the largest demonstration against Bashar al-Assad.
5181:
Assad government's cyberforces disabled mobile phones, landlines, electricity, and the
Internet in several places. Authorities had extracted passwords of social media sites from journalists through beatings and torture. A pro-Assad hacker group called the
4229:
headquarters and other public buildings. Security forces quickly responded, firing live ammunition at crowds, and attacking the focal points of the demonstrations. The two-day assault resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and fifteen protesters.
5261:, which resulted in killings of more than 200 inhabitants of Hama city. Ashton said on 18 August, "The EU notes the complete loss of Bashar al-Assad's legitimacy in the eyes of the Syrian people and the necessity for him to step aside." On 3 August, the
5161:
Technical facilities (internet, telephone etc.) were being sabotaged by the Syrian government. Both sides in this conflict tried to discredit their opponent by framing or referring to them with negative labels and terms, or by presenting false evidence.
4123:, commonly called the "Cradle of the Syrian Revolution", protests had been triggered on 6 March by the incarceration and torture of 15 young students from prominent families who were arrested for writing anti-government graffiti in the city, reading: "
4500:
4233:
Meanwhile, minor protests occurred elsewhere in the country. Protesters demanded the release of political prisoners, the abolition of Syria's 48-year emergency law, more freedoms, and an end to pervasive government corruption. The events led to a
4530:, were also deployed by Assad regime in towns and cities across the country to unleash violence against Syrian civilians. They engaged in looting homes, businesses, and economic assets of populations targeted by the Ba'athist military apparatus.
4161:
began as largely peaceful affairs, with demonstrators often carrying olive branches, unbuttoning their shirts to show that they had no weapons, and chanting “peaceful, peaceful” to indicate that they posed no threat to the security forces. The
9035:
4899:
at waterfront districts in
Latakia, as ground troops and security agents backed by armor stormed several neighborhoods. On 23 August, Syrian opposition factions and various dissidents formed a coalition of anti-Assad groups known as the
6421:"We are extremely alarmed by ongoing reports of the increasingly brutal crackdown by Syrian authorities against protestors in Syria," said Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
5701:
4609:
During the crackdown in Daraa, the Syrian Army also besieged and blockaded several towns around Damascus. Throughout May, situations similar to those that occurred in Daraa were reported in other besieged towns and cities, such as
3908:
death squads to attack the protestors. Protests and revolutionary activities by students and the youth continued despite aggressive suppression. As opposition militias began capturing vast swathes of territory throughout 2012, the
2968:
1034:
5035:
is response to Ba'athist regime's brutal crackdown, in 29 April and 18 August 2011, respectively. An investigative mission appointed by the UN found the Assad regime responsible for mass-killings, assassinations, abductions,
3873:
Despite al-Assad's attempts to crush the protests with crackdowns, censorship and concessions, the mass protests had become a full-blown revolution by the end of April. The Ba'athist government deployed its ground troops and
1594:
2082:
4592:
6353:
More than a decade ago, as protests erupted across the Middle East in a series of democratic uprisings that became known as the Arab Spring, was the first place in Syria to cast off the shackles of 40 years of Ba'athist
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851:
1412:
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1877:
757:
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Throughout April, Ba'athist security forces intensified its campaign of large-scale detainment and torture of Syrian protestors, journalists and activists across state prisons. On April 29, a 13-year-old boy named
3518:
5186:
had frequently hacked websites to post Ba'athist propaganda, and the Assad government has been implicated in malware attacks targeted at those reporting on the crisis. Assad government also targeted and tortured
5324:
On 4 February 2012, more than 150 protestors gathered outside Syrian embassy in UK in London at 2am., after reports emerged that more than 200 people had been massacred by Assad government forces in the city of
4265:
On 25 March, mass protests spread nationwide, as demonstrators emerged after Friday prayers. At least 20 protesters were killed by security forces. Protests subsequently spread to other Syrian cities, including
2863:
9785:
4717:
4407:. Blockades were set up in several cities to prevent the movement of protests. Despite the crackdown, widespread protests continued throughout the month in Daraa, Baniyas, Al-Qamishli, Homs, Douma and Harasta.
3920:(UNHRC) convening an emergency session on 29 April and tasking a fact-finding mission to investigate the scale of atrocities in Syria. The investigation by the commission concluded that the Syrian Arab Army,
4766:. Some analysts stated that these defections were signs of Assad's weakening inner circle. In the wake of increasing defections, soldiers who refused or neglected orders to shoot civilians were also killed.
2961:
9638:
9470:
1027:
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5265:
denounced Assad government's violent repression of protests and issued a statement condemning "the widespread violations of human rights and the use of force against civilians by the Syrian authorities".
8851:
5476:
A weekly independent magazine, issued in Aleppo, and independently and impartially sheds light on the Syrian Revolution of Dignity to introduce fighters, martyrs, and prominent figures in the Revolution.
4353:
Police and security forces responded to the protests violently, using water cannons and tear gas as well as physically beating protesters and firing live ammunition. The regime also deployed the dreaded
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9043:
5829:
13198:
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on the peaceful demonstrators; deploying snipers, heavy machine guns and shelling. Those security officers who disagreed or held back themselves were also fired upon by Ba'athist paramilitaries and
4302:"He didn’t ask the MPs to stand for a minute’s silence and he said those who were killed were sacrificial martyrs.. But here in Daraa, the army and security deal with us like traitors or agents for
5055:(FSA). Composed of defected Syrian Armed Forces personnel, the rebel militia sought the defence of civilians from army shootings and eventually remove Bashar al-Assad from power. On 23 August, the
2954:
2635:
4403:
expanded its attacks on the civilians that sought refuge in nearby areas, resulting in 127 deaths. Early in the month of April, a large deployment of security forces prevented tent encampments in
9268:
5254:
2429:
1020:
844:
6731:
4784:
In June and July 2011, protests continued as government forces expanded operations, repeatedly firing at protesters, employing tanks against demonstrations, and conducting arrests. The towns of
4450:
political prisoners, cut taxes, raise the salaries of public sector workers, provide more press freedoms, and increase job opportunities. Many of these announced reforms were never implemented.
12034:
3375:
3283:
1405:
6433:
4911:
celebrations, started in near the end of August, were suppressed by Assad government after Ba'athist military forces fired on large demonstrations in Homs, Daraa, and the suburbs of Damascus.
5705:
3754:
1870:
1580:
750:
7133:
6304:
6138:
6950:
5436:
None of this would have been possible without the Syrian Revolution of Dignity, a revolution of the mind in every sense of the word, in political, social, cultural and even religious terms.
4637:. Eight civilians were killed and at least 2,000 residents tried to flee from the city into Lebanon. Reports subsequently emerged that the SAA troops were massacring residents of the town.
3511:
2068:
6116:
8656:
2856:
2628:
12100:
12308:
10783:
5541:
4421:
3968:'s atrocities and called for an immediate cessation of all military operations and engagement in Syrian-led political process; with numerous countries demanding al-Assad's resignation.
837:
3648:
1398:
4477:
lifting Syria's state of emergency. However, anti-government protests continued into April, with activists unsatisfied with what they considered vague promises of reform from Assad.
12092:
7758:
4984:, a Protestant Christian, as their prime minister. The Syrian uprising of 2011 was based on a desire to return to our grand past. It was a protest movement of all faiths... But the
3747:
3367:
1863:
743:
9108:
7461:
12411:
5222:, the United Nations, and many Western governments condemned the Syrian government's violent crackdown against the protests, and many expressed support for the Syrian revolution.
3504:
5487:
He called on all "free Egyptians" to participate in a protest in front of Bibliotheca Alexandrina on Thursday to mark the first anniversary of the "Syrian Revolution of Dignity."
2849:
4762:
As the uprising progressed, opposition fighters became better equipped and more organized. Until September 2011, about two senior military or security officers defected to the
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11602:
11368:
11149:
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561:
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12149:
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6785:
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Minor protests calling for government reforms began in January, and continued into March. At this time, massive protests were occurring in Cairo against Egyptian President
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17:
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The unprecedented brutality of Assad regime's crackdown on Syrian civilians resulted in global outcry and aroused strong condemnation from international bodies like the
3276:
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2992:
891:
591:
581:
5329:. Some protesters were arrested by the British police. Later in the day, another crowd of around 300 protestors clashed with the British police outside the embassy. In
4626:, Aleppo, Damascus and several other towns and cities. After the end of each siege, violent suppression of sporadic protests continued throughout the following months.
4194:, demanding the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad. More than 35 protestors in Damascus were arrested by police forces in a subsequent crackdown ordered by Assad government.
13178:
10200:
4551:
also increased, as 233 Ba'ath Party members resigned on 28 April. This was in denunciation of the increasingly fatal violence that was getting unleashed on civilians.
3862:
rule, began as minor demonstrations during January 2011 and transformed into large nation-wide protests in March. The uprising was marked by mass protests against the
11737:
11721:
11594:
11360:
11141:
10957:
10655:
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4520:. An estimated hundreds to 6,000 soldiers were deployed, firing live ammunition at demonstrators and searching house to house for protesters, slaughtering hundreds.
4486:
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4222:
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641:
626:
611:
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536:
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11090:
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9474:
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4693:, during which residents defied the military siege and came out in large numbers to protest against police repression. Rezan Mustapha, spokesman of the opposition
4547:
had shut down all communications and completely besieged the city of Daraa, which resulted in the forced starvation of the people of the city. Defections from the
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3087:
1914:
586:
576:
571:
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11625:
10600:
9642:
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4052:, as well as the most intense drought ever recorded in the region. For decades, the Syrian economy, army and government had been dominated patronage networks of
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issued a warning for all American nationals to depart Syria "immediately while commercial transportation is available" on 23 November 2011. On 24 November, a
4221:, demonstrators clashed with local police, and confrontations escalated on 18 March after Friday prayers. Security forces attacked protesters gathered at the
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Twelve years after protesters in Syria first demonstrated against the four-decade rule of the Assad family, hundreds of thousands of Syrians have been killed
5821:
3123:
2499:
2358:
2135:
8026:
4084:, a "Day of Rage" was called for by activists against the government of Bashar al-Assad, to be held on Friday, 4 February. This did not result in protests.
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has attempted to portray any pro-democracy protests, that calls for political pluralism and civil liberties, as "a project to sow sectarian strife."
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for unleashing indiscriminate violence in Hama, and the German government threatened to impose additional sanctions against the Assad government.
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4469:. As a result, many of the opposition leaders and protest leaders refused to attend due to the continuing crackdown on protesters in streets and
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of Arabs side with the revolutionaries against the regime and that support for Bashar had virtually eroded in Shia-majority regions in Lebanon.
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11900:
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in January–April, 21 people were killed in battles. Street protests in the hundreds continued until a raid on universities in September 2012.
3870:
meeting police and military violence, massive arrests and a brutal crackdown, resulting in thousands of deaths and tens of thousands wounded.
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in territories under its control. The crackdown campaigns were intensified by the regime throughout 2011–12; with Bashar al-Assad ordering
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swiftly responded by rounding up the alleged perpetrators and detaining them for more than a month, which set off large-scale protests in
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Throughout August, Syrian forces stormed major urban centers and outlying regions, and continued to attack protestors. On 14 August, the
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Reporting on this conflict was difficult and dangerous from the start: journalists were being attacked, detained, tortured and killed.
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3882:, while people began to form opposition militias across the country, gradually transforming the revolution from a civil uprising to an
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1974:
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4996:, against civilians. More than 9 million Syrians have been displaced, including more than 3 million refugees, and thousands have been
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A giant Syrian flag is held by the crowd during a protest against President Bashar Assad in the city center of Hama on July 29, 2011
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cracked down with unspeakable horrors. More than 200,000 people have been killed as the regime deployed its full arsenal, including
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rhetoric. This policy led to large-scale desertions within the army ranks and further defections of officers who began forming a
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death squads, consisting of fervent Alawite loyalists, that were ordered to execute sectarian attacks on the protestors, torture
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9058:"Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic"
8621:"Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic"
8310:"Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic"
7602:"Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic"
7574:"Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic"
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6833:
Levinson, Charles; Coker, Margaret; Cairo, Matt Bradley in; Entous, Adam; Washington, Jonathan Weisman in (12 February 2011).
6546:"Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic"
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and other war crimes; as a result of a shoot to kill policy directly ordered by the government. UNHRC High Commissioner urged
3850:– with a subsequent violent reaction by the Syrian Arab Republic – lasting from March 2011 to June 2012, as part of the wider
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4804:. Security forces dispersed the crowd with tear gas and by firing into the air. On 4 July 2011, Syrian Arab Army launched a
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organization reported on 6 July 2011 that the Syrian government's violent repression of the inhabitants of the town of
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4022:. Until March 2011, for decades Syria had remained superficially tranquil, largely due to fear among the people of the
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4815:, while chanting pro-Assad slogans "We will die for you, Bashar". On 31 July, a nationwide crackdown, known as the "
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Syrian pro-democracy protest groups and activists launched a campaign to organise a "Day of Rage" demonstrations in
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The 'Syrian Revolution of Dignity' sought to restore Syrians' dignity in the face of state violence and corruption.
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5113:. By August 24, large-scale protests had arosen nation-wide and expanded to the regions of Daraa, Latakia, Tartus,
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8630:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. pp. 13, 15–17, 21. Archived from
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to his family members. A video of Hamza's mutilated body was uploaded online, triggering large-scale protests in
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buildings as a base to organize the security forces and fire on protestors. The government issued an official
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using water cannons and tear gas, followed by live fire, killing four. On 20 March, a crowd burned down the
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The use and abuse of sectarianism has been a foundational feature of Assad family rule since November 1970.
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bureaucracy and military led to popular anger that resulted in the large-scale protests of the Revolution.
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9786:"Emergency Message for U.S. Citizens: Significant decrease in the number of commercial flights from Syria"
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4145:. Security forces under the command of the city's security chief and the first cousin of President Assad,
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4018:. Before the uprising in Syria began in mid-March 2011, protests were relatively modest, considering the
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As the uprisings continued, the Syrian government began launching major military operations to suppress
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8319:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. p. 118. Archived from
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people sent back to communities by a regime not trying to cover up its crimes, but to advertise them."
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7583:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. p. 13. Archived from
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arrested numerous journalists and shut down independent press centres, in addition to tightening its
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and some minority populations. Authorities reversed a ban that restricted teachers from wearing the
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6524:"Human Rights Council debates situation of human rights in Syrian Arab Republic in Special Session"
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On 11 July 2011, several Ba'athist cadres besieged and vandalized American and French embassies in
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were used for the first time against demonstrators, and snipers took positions on the rooftops of
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Factors contributing to social disenchanment in Syria include socio-economic stress caused by the
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of civilian areas. By the end of 2012, more than 60,000 Syrian civilians had been slaughtered by
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8241:"Report of the Fact-Finding Mission on Syria pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-16/1"
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9314:"Syria Protests Spurred by Economic Misery Stir Memories of the 2011 Anti-Government Uprising"
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HRW: Syrian troops describe shooting protesters – World news – Mideast/N. Africa – msnbc.com
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Intensified Ba'athist crackdowns and beginning of Syrian insurgency: August – September 2011
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8246:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. August 2011. p. 10.
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Oweis, Khaled Yacoub; Karouny, Mariam; al-Khalidi, Suleiman; Aboudi, Sami (21 April 2011).
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incited the majority of the protests. Writer and analyst Louai al-Hussein, referencing the
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that quickly spread to other provinces. According to information given by interviewees to '
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9067:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. Archived from
7611:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. Archived from
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6700:
6555:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. Archived from
5532:"Corruption Index 2010: The Most Corrupt Countries in the World – Global Development"
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6974:""State of Barbary" (Take Two): From the Arab Spring to the Return of Violence in Syria"
5615:""State of Barbary" (Take Two): From the Arab Spring to the Return of Violence in Syria"
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More than 12 years after the start of the 2011 uprisings, mass-protests erupted in the
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abstained from the vote. The League also warned of possible sanctions against Syria.
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4516:, which had become a focal point of the uprising, was one of the first cities to be
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and other cities on 25 March 2011. Online activists used social media networks like
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7671:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 270.
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5333:, around 50 protesters ransacked the Syrian embassy in Egypt, on 4 February 2012.
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On 20 May, security forces and Ba'athist militants based on a party training camp
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7932:"President al-Assad Issues Decree on Discharging Governor of Daraa from His Post"
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Since demonstrations began in March, the Assad government has imposed a complete
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was done to terrify demonstrators and make them stop calling for their demands.”
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4570:. For nearly a month, Hamza was held in police custody, where he endured regular
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The greatest responsibility for sectarianising the conflict lies with the regime
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of thousands of people participated in the funerals of those killed, chanting: "
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organization described Syria as the third most censored country in the world.
3964:. A second emergency session convened by the UNHRC on 22 August condemned the
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9813:"Arab League gives Syria one day to allow monitors before imposing sanctions"
9792:. Embassy of the United States of America - Damascus, Syria. 23 November 2011
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4064:. Assad dynasty held a firm grip over most sectors of the Syrian economy and
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Counter Jihad: America's Military Experience in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria
6716:"Researchers Link Syrian Conflict to a Drought Made Worse by Climate Change"
5000:
to death in Assad’s dungeons. All this occurred while the world looked on."
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9139:
9013:"Syrian forces kill seven protesters as Muslims celebrate first day of Eid"
5822:"Violence erupts in Syria, Jordan; anti-government protestors shot, stoned"
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was formed as a political counterpart to the FSA. Civilians began forming
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which angered many across the country. The regime also deployed sectarian
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9862:
9269:"Anti-government protests shake Syrian provinces amid anger over economy"
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5071:, which declared itself as a self-governing entity and lifted the ban on
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4701:, but people worldwide. It is unacceptable and inexcusable. The horrible
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99:(1 year, 2 months and 4 weeks) (major protests until 2013)
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6754:
6247:"Coalition of Factions From the Streets Fuels a New Opposition in Syria"
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High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
5051:
On 29 July, a group of defected officers announced the formation of the
4197:
12740:
6755:"Patronage and the Ba'th: Corruption and Control in Contemporary Syria"
5614:
5465:
The banner reads, "The Syrian Revolution of dignity, Bennish are free".
5191:
5139:
5118:
5106:
4146:
4007:
3999:
3855:
1042:
396:
7692:
Lefevre, Raphael (2013). "9: Uprisings in Syria: Revenge on History".
4177:
The government later claimed that the boys weren't attacked, and that
3913:
officially declared the clashes in Syria as a civil war in June 2012.
13032:
8421:"Shallow grave yields several bodies in Syrian city marked by unrest"
8054:"Syrian 'national dialogue' conference boycotted by angry opposition"
7544:"Syrian authorities detain national identity Adnan Mustafa Abu Ammar"
7424:
6401:"UN human rights office renews call on Syria to end brutal crackdown"
6188:
5227:
4993:
4396:
240:
8875:"Syria: Assad loyalists besiege US and French embassies in Damascus"
6995:
6638:"Syria revolution: A revolt brews against Bashar al- Assad's regime"
6280:"Syria revolution: A revolt brews against Bashar al- Assad's regime"
5970:"Syrian general: Hundreds of soldiers, police killed by armed gangs"
5630:
5281:
In a joint statement of its member states released on 6 August, the
4395:
Regime forces carried out brutal attacks against the inhabitants of
3291:
12750:
12698:
9921:
9904:
9500:
7717:
A. Shoup, John (2018). "10: Bashar al-Asad's Syria: 2000–Present".
6455:
increasingly unlikely that he will regain any political legitimacy.
5301:
5207:
4833:
4812:
4454:
4385:
4287:
4206:
4202:
4187:
4166:
was soon deployed to shoot at the protests; resulting in a popular
4077:
4057:
4003:
3941:
3925:
483:
158:
9036:"To defeat the Islamic State we must first remove Bashar al-Assad"
5410:
Omri, Mohamed-Salah (2012). "A Revolution of Dignity and poetry".
4462:
4333:, a Damascus suburb, against the Assad government on 8 April 2011.
3940:, assassinations, and persecution and abductions of suspects from
2871:
1885:
7696:. New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. p. 185.
5305:
5286:
4997:
4892:
4702:
4698:
4663:
4571:
4537:
4522:
4442:
4426:
4404:
4356:
4338:
al-Najar, Abbas Abbas, and Adnan Mustafa. Government forces used
4291:
4275:
4210:
4081:
3937:
3904:
1420:
859:
316:
5432:"The war in Syria may be mostly over, but the revolution is not"
5230:
amounted to a "systematic campaign of crimes against humanity".
10222:
Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria
9986:
7514:"Jailed prominent Syrian opposition for seven and a half years"
5729:"Bashar Assad Resignation Called For By Syria Sit-In Activists"
5317:
group countries urged Assad government to start talks with the
4959:
4820:
4303:
4283:
4191:
3769:
3526:
765:
9359:"Syrian Electronic Army: Cyber Warfare From Pro-Assad Hackers"
9184:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 187.
8852:"Eyewitness: The view from the epicentre of the Syrian revolt"
8830:"Syrian Army Turned Helicopter Gunships On Defecting Soldiers"
8739:"In Damascus, Amid Uprising, Syrians Act Like Nothing's Amiss"
8649:"Syrian forces take over northwestern town of Maaret al-Numan"
7721:. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 144.
7484:"Arrest of leader of the Islamic Democratic movement in Syria"
7205:
6497:"Syria conflict now a civil war, U.N. peacekeeping chief says"
4891:
became involved in the military crackdown for the first time.
4170:
led by locals; which made Daraa one of the first provinces in
252:
Protests crushed by Government security Forces; rise of armed
13366:
Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference
9981:
8473:"Syrian security forces kill "at least eight" in Tall Kalakh"
8154:"In Syria, Thousands Protest, Facing Violence, Residents Say"
5330:
5314:
5290:
5274:
4955:
4824:
4690:
4645:
4513:
4279:
4218:
4178:
4171:
4158:
4120:
3858:. The revolution, which demanded the end of the decades-long
3847:
278:
229:
168:
108:
8120:
4852:
Mass protests and Syrian insurgency: August 2011 – June 2012
3916:
The unprecedented violence led to global backlash, with the
7235:"Syria: Seven Police Killed, Buildings Torched in Protests"
5443:"Migration, Refugees and Conceptualizing Canadian Identity"
5326:
5294:
5122:
4865:
4533:
4470:
4271:
4267:
424:
1,300 security forces injured by 27 June (government claim)
68:
9810:
9247:"Anti-government protests in Syria continue for sixth day"
8931:"A French Journalist in Dara'a, Syria's 'Ghetto of Death'"
6935:"A Faceless Teenage Refugee Who Helped Ignite Syria's War"
6575:
The Arab Uprisings: The People Want the Fall of the Regime
3131:
9710:
9708:
8962:"Tank, navy attack on Syria's Latakia kills 26-witnesses"
8709:"Syria: 'Hundreds of thousands' join anti-Assad protests"
8258:"Civilian killings in Syrian demonstrations rises to 800"
7394:"Syrian Troops Open Fire on Protesters in Several Cities"
7180:
6904:"Mid-East unrest: Syrian protests in Damascus and Aleppo"
5109:, protesters chanted slogans calling for downfall of the
4915:
Escalation of Syrian insurgency: October 2011 – June 2012
470:
During the civil uprising in the first half of 2011, the
13371:
International recognition of the Syrian National Council
9716:"GCC urges end to Syrian 'bloodshed,' calls for reforms"
8807:"Syria town of Jisr al-Shughour braces for army assault"
8679:"Syria unrest: Protests in Aleppo as troops comb border"
7934:. Syrian Arab News Agency. 24 March 2011. Archived from
7844:"Opposition: 127 dead as Syrian forces target civilians"
7667:
Glynn Williams, Brian (2017). "6: The New War on ISIS".
6832:
5457:"Helicopters, tanks shelled Syrian town before massacre"
4002:; with a tight system of regulations on the movement of
3894:
was formed on 29 July 2011, marking the beginning of an
427:
410 security forces killed by 27 June (government claim)
9387:"Syrian forces beat up political cartoonist Ali Ferzat"
8196:"Syria Escalates Crackdown as Tanks Go to Restive City"
7902:"Syrian mourners call for revolt, forces fire tear gas"
7814:"Syria lifts niqab ban, shuts casino, in nod to Sunnis"
7177:"Middle East unrest: Syria arrests Damascus protesters"
5483:"Brotherhood forms human chain for Syria in Alexandria"
5277:
in solidarity with protestors in Syria, 4 February 2012
5150:
fleeing from Hamza Ali al-Khatib, the Syrian boy whose
5067:
During the unrest, several Kurdish militias formed the
4262:
and Bashar al-Assad were demolished during the events.
4020:
wave of unrest that was spreading across the Arab world
9878:
12 arrests during protests at Syrian embassy in London
9705:
9524:"France condemns violence against protesters in Syria"
8580:
6604:"Fear barrier crumbles in Syrian "kingdom of silence""
5154:
became a global symbol of Bashar al-Assad's brutality.
4697:
party stated: "This video moved not only every single
4512:, signaling a new phase in the uprising. On 25 April,
3541:
Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic
12434:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
9666:"Civilian Toll Is Mounting in Assault on Syrian City"
9577:
U.S. Is Quietly Getting Ready for Syria Without Assad
9497:"Obama Condemns 'Abhorrent Violence' of Syrian Gov't"
9292:"Rare Protests in Syria Summon Echoes of Arab Spring"
9207:"Strike, protests in Syria's Sweida enter second day"
8583:"In Paris, Diplomats Cheer Syria General's Defection"
7156:"President Assad's interview with SBS News Australia"
6573:
Bowen, Jeremy (2013). "Prologue: Before the Spring".
6434:"Troops open fire on protests as crackdown continues"
4504:
Opposition demonstration in Baniyas on 29 April 2011.
4487:
Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)
4417:
Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)
4310:, not send tanks and helicopters to fight civilians.”
4099:
Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)
9639:"EU condemns 'totally unjustified' Syrian crackdown"
8906:. Agence France-Presse. 31 July 2011. Archived from
8581:
Dagher, Sam; Gauthier-Villars, David (6 July 2012).
6471:"Syria in civil war, says UN official Herve Ladsous"
5916:
5758:
Oweis, Khaled; al-Khalidi, Suleiman (8 April 2011).
5340:
4806:
military incursion into the city of Jishr al-Shugour
4294:. Over 70 protesters in total were reported killed.
4034:
families from travelling abroad. In September 2010,
10073:
Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
9873:
9871:
9842:"Russia, China, urge Syria talks, stress U.N. role"
9471:"Canada condemns violence in Yemen, Bahrain, Syria"
7871:"Almost 90 dead in Syria's bloodiest day of unrest"
6671:"How Syria controls its dissidents: Banning travel"
6000:"Almost 3,000 missing in Syria crackdown, NGO says"
5169:banning independent news coverage, barring foreign
5031:, etc. Two emergency sessions were convened by the
4758:"') in the Assi square of Hama on 22 July 2011
4321:
Syrian government response to the Syrian revolution
4087:
9109:"'Free Syrian Army' poses growing threat to Assad"
9087:"How Syria's Bashar al-Assad got away with murder"
7743:"Beyond Arms, Syria Uses Arrests Against Uprising"
7432:"Syria Timeline: Since the Uprising Against Assad"
7007:
4601:Syrian security forces open fire on protestors in
4491:Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)
4014:listed Syria as the 6th worst country in its 2010
8980:
8092:"Syria opens 'national dialogue' with opposition"
7958:"In Syrian flashpoint town, more deaths reported"
6333:"Damascus's False Reconciliation Failed in Daraa"
5964:
5962:
4306:. We hoped our army would fight and liberate the
3846:, was a series of mass protests and uprisings in
13434:
9868:
9617:"EU condemns 'unacceptable' repression in Syria"
9435:"EU condemns 'unacceptable' repression in Syria"
8151:
7301:"Officers Fire on Crowd as Syrian Protests Grow"
7262:
7206:Al Jazeera Arabic قناة الجزيرة (23 March 2011),
6786:"The Role of Corruption in the Syrian Civil War"
6031:"Syrian troops detain dozens, 3 killed in north"
5529:
5237:organization published a report confirming that
5210:on 27 March, in support of the Syrian protestors
5128:
3295:Syrian War spillover and international incidents
11631:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
11542:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
10125:International reactions to the Syrian civil war
9811:Dina Zayed and Ayman Samir (24 November 2011).
9180:Ahmed, Akbar (2013). "4: Musharraf's Dilemma".
8701:
8530:"Tortured and killed: Hamza al-Khateeb, age 13"
8445:
8364:"Tortured and killed: Hamza al-Khateeb, age 13"
8152:Macfarquhar, Neil; Stack, Liam (1 April 2011).
7209:اقتحام الأمن السوري المسجد العمري في مدينة درعا
6933:Fahim, Kareem; Saad, Hwaida (8 February 2013).
6326:
6324:
6322:
6305:"The Syrian revolution on its 10th anniversary"
5760:"Pro-democracy protests sweep Syria, 22 killed"
5757:
5612:
4725:Hundreds of thousands of protesters parade the
4651:National Organization for Human Rights in Syria
4437:Pro-government demonstrations organized by the
3620:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
3574:Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels
460:: Tens of thousands of protesters and civilians
10042:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)
9764:"Syria threatened with Arab League suspension"
9730:
9457:"UN chief slams Syria's crackdown on protests"
9413:"Saudi Arabia withdraws ambassador from Syria"
8052:Hassan, Nidaa; Borger, Julian (10 July 2011).
8027:"Stateless Kurds in Syria granted citizenship"
7694:Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
7666:
7455:
7453:
6490:
6488:
6426:
6241:
6205:
5959:
4800:On 3 June, about 30,000 protestors marched in
4584:Killing and mutilation of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
4076:, and in Syria on 3 February via the websites
3982:Background and causes of the Syrian revolution
442:3,500+ protestors killed (by 31 December 2011)
175:Killing and mutilation of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
9937:
9901:Syrian Conflagration. The Civil War 2011–2013
9641:. Khaleej Times. 31 July 2011. Archived from
7093:"Middle East unrest: Silence broken in Syria"
7060:"Middle East unrest: Silence broken in Syria"
5813:
3755:
3512:
3277:
3117:
2962:
2857:
2636:
2423:
2076:
1871:
1588:
1406:
1028:
845:
751:
499:
203:Abolition of the Supreme State Security Court
10784:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)
10181:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria
10068:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war
9449:
9230:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8051:
7550:(in Arabic). 28 January 2011. Archived from
7520:(in Arabic). 25 January 2011. Archived from
6971:
6601:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6393:
6319:
6208:"Syrian Military Attacks Protesters in Hama"
6057:"As Syria flares, some U.N.'ers take flight"
5937:"Muslim Brotherhood endorses Syria protests"
5908:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5685:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5015:2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war
4823:-like conditions. Al-Balad neighbourhood in
4685:released the tortured and mutilated body of
4457:sect, made some concessions to the majority
4137:. The boys also spray-painted the graffiti "
4124:
18:Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war
13324:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
10564:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)
10130:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
9736:
9691:"Thursday, August 18, 2011 - 17:49 - Syria"
9579:By HELENE COOPER nyt.com 19 September 2011]
8777:"Syria: What motivates an Assad supporter?"
7450:
7258:
7256:
6752:
6494:
6485:
6465:
6463:
6109:"Syria: 'four dead' in rare demonstrations"
4797:government, organized by the Ba'ath party.
3530:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
439:1,800–2,154 civilians killed (by 17 August)
13319:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
12268:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
11467:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
11228:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
9944:
9930:
9545:"Syria accused of crimes against humanity"
9427:
9289:
9033:
8556:"Interactive: Tracking Syria's defections"
8357:
8355:
8189:
8187:
7899:
7808:
7806:
6183:
6181:
5197:
5194:, who had been critical of the crackdown.
4256:We do not want your bread, we want dignity
3762:
3748:
3519:
3505:
3284:
3270:
3124:
3110:
2969:
2955:
2864:
2850:
2643:
2629:
2430:
2416:
2083:
2069:
1878:
1864:
1595:
1581:
1413:
1399:
1035:
1021:
852:
838:
758:
744:
506:
492:
13199:International demonstrations and protests
11305:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack
10601:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)
9155:"Syrian dissidents form national council"
9084:
8418:
8390:"Syrian army tanks 'moving towards Hama'"
6932:
6511:
6368:"Syria's War and the Descent Into Horror"
6359:
6087:"World Report 2012: Syria Events of 2011"
5880:
5852:"Syria to lift decades-old emergency law"
5662:
5300:On 23 November 2011, the U.S. embassy in
4827:, which had been under a brutal siege by
4756:the people want to bring down the regime!
13345:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany
12429:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution
9521:
9244:
9034:al-Yaqoubi, Muhammad (5 December 2014).
8827:
8288:"No water, power in Syrian protest town"
8019:
7989:"Syrians are tired of Assad's 'reforms'"
7986:
7716:
7391:
7253:
6871:
6713:
6631:
6629:
6460:
6101:
5791:"Syrian protestors want a regime change"
5562:
5268:
5201:
5138:
4918:
4855:
4712:
4587:
4499:
4432:
4420:
4384:on 3 July 2012. State propaganda of the
4324:
4196:
4102:
3924:and Ba'athist paramilitaries engaged in
167:Torture and death of children in one of
10409:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)
10176:US intervention in the Syrian civil war
9152:
8960:Oweis, Khaled Yacoub (14 August 2011).
8900:"Syrian army kills at least 95 in Hama"
8352:
8184:
8123:"Syria's Assad ends state of emergency"
7836:
7803:
7691:
7459:
7368:
7237:. Israel National News. 21 March 2011.
7026:
6330:
6178:
5892:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
5884:Sectarian Violence in Syria's Civil War
5819:
5669:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
5665:Sectarian Violence in Syria's Civil War
5090:
4831:since late March, was described by the
4566:during protests held in the village of
3994:was considered as the most restrictive
14:
13435:
11813:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)
11091:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)
9898:
9737:MacFarquhar, Neil (12 November 2011).
8928:
8894:
8892:
8562:from the original on 26 September 2013
8338:"Syria: Rampant Torture of Protesters"
8193:
8007:from the original on 30 September 2013
7900:al-Khalidi, Suleiman (19 March 2011).
7340:"A recap of the Syrian crisis to date"
7057:
6972:Droz-Vincent, Philippe (Winter 2014).
6808:"'Day of Rage' Protest Urged in Syria"
6602:Yacoub Oweis, Khaled (22 March 2011).
6302:
6159:
5980:from the original on 24 September 2015
5922:
5788:
5544:from the original on 17 September 2013
5135:Media coverage of the Syrian civil war
4480:
4131:The people want the fall of the regime
4092:
3133:Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)
345:Local Coordination Committees of Syria
13314:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)
13084:
12814:
12240:
12101:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
11921:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict
11661:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)
11626:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)
11537:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)
11527:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)
10242:
9963:
9925:
9663:
9356:
9179:
9132:"In the Land of the Free Syrian Army"
9129:
8959:
8528:Flamand, Hugh Macleod and Annasofie.
8509:from the original on 21 December 2016
8362:Flamand, Hugh Macleod and Annasofie.
8235:
8233:
8231:
8229:
8102:from the original on 28 February 2017
8072:from the original on 11 February 2017
7868:
7337:
7331:
7319:from the original on 16 November 2012
7281:from the original on 17 December 2019
7120:
7118:
7103:from the original on 5 September 2015
7087:
7085:
7039:from the original on 16 December 2015
6874:"Graffiti Wars and Syria's Spray Man"
6853:from the original on 11 February 2017
6783:
6635:
6626:
6614:from the original on 11 February 2017
6572:
6277:
6010:from the original on 11 February 2017
5934:
5862:from the original on 22 November 2011
5726:
5699:
4115:") during the start of the revolution
3960:members to prosecute al-Assad in the
3743:
3500:
3265:
3105:
2950:
2845:
2624:
2411:
2064:
1859:
1576:
1394:
1016:
833:
739:
487:
12439:Syrian Revolution General Commission
12179:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria
10958:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field
10161:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
9951:
9739:"Arab League Votes to Suspend Syria"
9473:. AFP. 21 March 2011. Archived from
9245:Suleiman, Ali Haj (23 August 2023).
8689:from the original on 5 February 2012
8499:"Syria death toll 'surpasses 1,000'"
8446:Wikstrom, Cajsa (3 September 2011).
8400:from the original on 20 January 2012
7494:from the original on 7 February 2011
7136:from the original on 3 February 2016
7070:from the original on 3 February 2017
6953:from the original on 27 January 2017
6835:"Fall of Mubarak Shakes Middle East"
6365:
6259:from the original on 10 October 2017
5832:from the original on 2 November 2012
5575:(2). Taylor & Francus: 357–376.
5565:"Sectarianism and conflict in Syria"
5530:Oliver, Christin (26 October 2010).
5409:
4777:, a city near the Turkish border in
4771:first instance of armed insurrection
4010:and other unauthorized individuals.
3944:, amongst others, with an official "
3353:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
2500:2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
2136:1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
513:
13396:Syrian civil war in popular culture
13289:UN Security Council Resolution 2118
11218:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)
10908:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)
10891:First Battle of the Shaer gas field
9619:. Middle East Online. 22 March 2011
9591:"Arab Attitudes Toward Syria: 2011"
9437:. Middle East Online. 22 March 2011
9384:
9290:Abdulrahim, Raja (31 August 2023).
9204:
8889:
8872:
8769:
8527:
8382:
8361:
8268:from the original on 30 August 2011
8029:. CNN. 7 April 2011. Archived from
7630:"Police Kill 6 Protesters in Syria"
7392:Slackman, Michael (25 March 2011).
6677:. 30 September 2010. Archived from
6495:Charbonneau, Louis (13 June 2012).
6407:. 23 September 2011. Archived from
6162:From Richard Kimble to Barack Obama
6160:Nasser, Hossam (2012). "Epilogue".
6067:from the original on 17 August 2011
5625:(1). Middle East Institute: 33–58.
5033:United Nations Human Rights Council
4744:
4125:
4031:2007 presidential election in Syria
3918:United Nations Human Rights Council
164:Discrimination of ethnic minorities
24:
13299:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement
12490:Authenticity and Development Front
12164:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown
12159:December 2011 Turkish border clash
11950:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes
11407:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)
11320:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)
11178:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)
10446:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres
10217:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
10171:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
10058:Casualties of the Syrian civil war
9693:. Al Jazeera Blogs. 18 August 2011
9357:Karam, Zeina (27 September 2011).
9338:. Committee to Protect Journalists
9205:Hezaber, Ali Haj Suleiman, Husam.
8929:Clanet, Christian (10 June 2011).
8719:from the original on 5 August 2011
8226:
8214:from the original on 26 April 2011
8133:from the original on 22 April 2011
7968:from the original on 26 March 2011
7912:from the original on 22 March 2011
7881:from the original on 27 April 2011
7648:from the original on 22 March 2011
7263:Holliday, Joseph (December 2011).
7216:from the original on 22 March 2016
7115:
7082:
6872:al-khouy, Firas (6 October 2011).
6734:from the original on 25 April 2017
6636:Flock, Elizabeth (15 March 2011).
6278:Flock, Elizabeth (15 March 2011).
6220:from the original on 11 April 2017
6119:from the original on 21 March 2011
5801:from the original on 29 April 2011
4837:newspaper as a "ghetto of death".
3978:Background of the Syrian civil war
3633:U.S.-led intervention against ISIL
321:Pro-government civilian protesters
32:Syrian Revolution (disambiguation)
25:
13524:
13478:Riots and civil disorder in Syria
12189:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident
12130:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut
12083:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
11651:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)
11636:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)
11377:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)
11243:May Jableh & Tartous bombings
11193:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
11158:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
11111:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)
10498:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)
10166:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
9863:Arrests at Syrian embassy protest
9588:
9547:. Al Jazeera English. 6 July 2011
9115:. 14 October 2011. Archived from
8787:from the original on 22 July 2012
8757:from the original on 5 April 2017
8536:from the original on 9 April 2017
8370:from the original on 9 April 2017
8194:Shadid, Anthony (25 April 2011).
7850:from the original on 7 April 2012
7791:from the original on 31 July 2012
7781:"Syria: Torture Centers Revealed"
7412:from the original on 21 June 2018
7350:from the original on 23 June 2018
7241:from the original on 21 July 2015
7187:from the original on 5 April 2011
7012:on 24 September 2015 – via
6914:from the original on 21 July 2018
6366:Laub, Zachary (15 October 2019).
6028:
5770:from the original on 5 March 2016
5613:Droz-, Philippe, Vincent (2014).
5308:news dispatch reported U.S. Navy
5174:In its report published in 2012,
4708:
4453:The government, dominated by the
4174:to break free of regime control.
4107:A wall with Anti-Assad graffiti "
3368:Jordanian–Syrian border incidents
433:12,617 arrested; 3,000 civilians
13417:
13416:
13133:2017 Northern regional elections
12765:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
12376:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
12241:
11891:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah
11788:Turkish offensive into northeast
11768:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)
11656:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)
11325:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)
11168:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
10436:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush
10317:2010s in Syria political history
10063:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
9907:: Helion & Company Limited.
9856:
9834:
9804:
9778:
9756:
9683:
9657:
9631:
9609:
9582:
9570:
9559:
9537:
9515:
9489:
9463:
9405:
9378:
9350:
9328:
9320:. 29 August 2023. Archived from
9306:
9283:
9275:. 26 August 2023. Archived from
9261:
9238:
9198:
9173:
9157:. The Edmond Sun. Archived from
9153:Yezdani, İpek (23 August 2011).
9146:
9123:
9101:
9085:Debusmann, Bernd (17 May 2023).
9078:
9050:
9027:
9005:
8953:
8922:
8866:
8844:
8821:
8799:
8731:
8671:
8659:from the original on 13 May 2013
8641:
8613:
8574:
8548:
8521:
8491:
8427:from the original on 20 May 2011
8419:Abdelaziz, Salma (15 May 2011).
8172:from the original on 13 May 2013
7761:from the original on 1 July 2012
7436:United States Institute of Peace
7265:"The Struggle for Syria in 2011"
6714:Fountain, Henry (2 March 2015).
6530:. 22 August 2011. Archived from
6206:Rania Abouzeid (1 August 2011).
6139:""We've Never Seen Such Horror""
5820:McShane, Larry (25 March 2011).
5373:Timeline of the Syrian civil war
5357:
5343:
5293:voted against the action, while
5176:Committee to Protect Journalists
4213:to promote the protest campaign.
4088:Civil uprising (March–July 2011)
3595:Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation
3479:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
3439:2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria
2907:Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike
330:
277:
61:
13503:Massacres of protesters in Asia
13329:Syrian Constitutional Committee
12675:International Freedom Battalion
12273:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
11671:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)
11621:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)
11567:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)
11422:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)
11397:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)
11387:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)
11253:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)
11233:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)
11173:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)
11041:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing
10923:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)
10769:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)
10700:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)
10569:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)
10404:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
10379:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation
9130:Tanir, Ilhan (4 October 2012).
8828:Krietner, Ricky (8 June 2011).
8465:
8439:
8412:
8344:. 15 April 2011. Archived from
8330:
8302:
8294:. 28 April 2011. Archived from
8280:
8250:
8145:
8114:
8084:
8045:
7987:al-Hatem, Fadwa (31 May 2011).
7980:
7950:
7924:
7893:
7869:Oweis, Khaled (22 April 2011).
7862:
7773:
7735:
7710:
7685:
7660:
7622:
7594:
7566:
7536:
7506:
7476:
7460:Macleod, Hugh (25 April 2011).
7385:
7369:Macleod, Hugh (25 April 2011).
7362:
7293:
7227:
7199:
7169:
7148:
7051:
7027:Macleod, Hugh (23 April 2011).
7020:
6965:
6926:
6896:
6865:
6826:
6800:
6784:Gersh, Nick (6 February 2017).
6777:
6746:
6707:
6685:
6663:
6595:
6566:
6538:
6296:
6271:
6235:
6199:
6153:
6131:
6079:
6049:
6022:
5992:
5935:Oweis, Khaled (29 April 2011).
5928:
5881:C. Hof, Simon, Frederic, Alex.
5874:
5844:
5663:C. Hof, Simon, Frederic, Alex.
5494:
5400:
5263:United Nations Security Council
4972:"almost two decades before the
4133:") – a trademark slogan of the
3434:2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike
3338:Syrian–Turkish border incidents
3253:3rd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
3194:2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
3184:1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
256:and subsequent escalation into
12184:Assassination of Andrei Karlov
12054:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents
11753:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor
11497:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)
11300:September Deir ez-Zor air raid
11290:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)
11248:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)
11238:Northern Raqqa offensive (May)
11126:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
9892:
7820:. 6 April 2011. Archived from
7272:Institute for the Study of War
7126:"We've Never Seen Such Horror"
7058:Sinjab, Lina (19 March 2011).
6477:. 12 June 2012. Archived from
6440:. 17 June 2011. Archived from
6331:Katerji, Oz (11 August 2021).
6303:Nassar, Alaa (18 March 2021).
6193:RSF: Reporters Without Borders
5789:Colvin, Mark (25 March 2011).
5782:
5751:
5727:Mroue, Bassem (18 June 2011).
5720:
5693:
5656:
5606:
5563:Phillips, Christopher (2015).
5556:
5523:
4923:Military situation during the
4635:siege of the town of Talkalakh
4559:was arrested by forces of the
4410:
3174:7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
3144:6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
2895:5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
2763:4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
2746:Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident
2564:3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
2384:2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
2320:1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict
71:against the Syrian government
13:
1:
13128:2017 Northern local elections
13118:2015 Northern local elections
12480:National Front for Liberation
12417:Local Coordination Committees
11965:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)
11803:Israeli missile strikes (Nov)
11447:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack
10744:Khan al-Assal chemical attack
10540:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing
10354:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
10139:Specific groups and countries
9964:
9766:. Aljazeera. 12 November 2011
9664:Bakri, Nada (4 August 2011).
8858:. 8 June 2011. Archived from
8475:. 18 May 2011. Archived from
6581:. pp. 14, 15, 118, 341.
6164:. Balboa Press. p. 126.
6145:. 1 June 2011. Archived from
5700:Zafar, Saad (24 March 2011).
5581:10.1080/01436597.2015.1015788
5517:
5129:Media coverage and censorship
4736:Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam
4495:
4425:Anti-Assad demonstrations in
4258:”. Statues and billboards of
4026:arresting critical citizens.
3971:
3590:Turkey–Islamic State conflict
3396:Iraqi–Syrian border incidents
3376:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line
2495:April 2017 Turkish airstrikes
13453:2011 in the Syrian civil war
13391:2015 European migrant crisis
12665:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
11557:Euphrates Crossing offensive
11051:Western al-Hasakah offensive
11011:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
10879:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)
10635:Quneitra Governorate clashes
10374:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh
10302:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
10243:
10051:Effects and ongoing concerns
9459:. Al Jazeera. 18 March 2011.
9385:Ali, Nour (25 August 2011).
9336:"10 Most Censored Countries"
9015:. Al Arabiya. 30 August 2011
8448:"Escaping Syria's crackdown"
7338:Iddon, Paul (30 July 2012).
6693:"Predators: Bashar Al-Assad"
6372:Council on Foreign Relations
5097:2023 southern Syria protests
5046:International Criminal Court
4965:
4574:and mutilation of his body.
4364:demonstrators and engage in
4314:
3962:International Criminal Court
3844:Syrian Revolution of Dignity
2105:(March 2016 – February 2017)
1763:Western al-Hasakah offensive
1695:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
206:Lifting of the emergency law
149:State sponsored sectarianism
7:
13279:U.S.–Russia peace proposals
13234:Syrian government reactions
13224:Status of the Golan Heights
13219:Sectarianism and minorities
13143:2020 parliamentary election
13123:2016 parliamentary election
13108:2012 parliamentary election
13085:
13043:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid
12943:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni
12790:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
12649:Northern Democratic Brigade
12505:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
12500:Revolutionary Commando Army
12381:Popular Mobilization Forces
12169:2012 Turkish border clashes
11758:Dêrik prison escape attempt
11163:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)
11116:2015–2016 Latakia offensive
11086:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)
11081:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)
10968:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)
10953:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict
10729:Bayda and Baniyas massacres
10037:Sectarianism and minorities
10012:Syrian government reactions
9844:. Reuters. 25 November 2011
9718:. Al Arabiya. 6 August 2011
6753:M. Sadowski, Yahya (1987).
5704:. AllVoices. Archived from
5383:Timeline of the Arab Spring
5336:
4773:occurred on 4 June 2011 in
4662:and intimidation: Horribly
4577:
4549:Arab Socialist Ba'ath party
4518:besieged by the Syrian Army
3610:Idlib Governorate operation
3242:Iranian consulate airstrike
3159:4th Israeli missile strikes
3057:3rd Israeli missile strikes
3030:2nd Israeli missile strikes
2801:Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes
2443:in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)
2196:12th–14th Aleppo offensives
363:Muslim Brotherhood of Syria
27:Revolution in Syria in 2011
10:
13529:
13493:April 2011 events in Syria
13488:March 2011 events in Syria
13483:Syrian democracy movements
13274:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
13148:2021 presidential election
13113:2014 presidential election
12815:
12359:medical facility targeting
12215:Deir ez-Zor missile strike
12174:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings
12093:Jordanian border incidents
11738:Idlib inter-rebel conflict
11676:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)
11552:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)
11340:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)
11310:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)
11280:Operation Euphrates Shield
11208:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
11096:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
11021:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)
11016:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)
10963:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
10812:First Inter-rebel conflict
10774:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
10683:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)
10586:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
8873:Ali, Nour (11 July 2011).
7033:Public Radio International
5132:
5094:
5044:to prosecute Assad in the
5012:
4876:
4581:
4526:mercenaries, loyal to the
4484:
4414:
4350:death squads from behind.
4318:
4241:On 23 March, units of the
4096:
4043:censorship of the Internet
3975:
3866:dictatorship of president
3698:April 2018 missile strikes
3568:2012 Hezbollah involvement
2537:Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike
2250:Operation Euphrates Shield
2126:9th–11th Aleppo offensives
930:Shayrat & Tiyas ambush
465:: 4,000+ (by January 2012)
352:Anti-government militants
291:National Progressive Front
133:Islamist uprising in Syria
29:
13513:July 2011 events in Syria
13508:June 2011 events in Syria
13412:
13353:
13337:
13242:
13156:
13095:
13091:
13080:
12821:
12810:
12749:
12736:Group of the One and Only
12716:Military activity of ISIL
12706:
12697:
12657:
12609:People's Protection Units
12599:
12591:Smaller political parties
12571:
12562:Autonomous Administration
12560:
12518:
12462:
12402:
12393:
12327:
12319:Palestine Liberation Army
12291:
12258:
12251:
12247:
12236:
12207:
12148:
12109:
12091:
12062:
12033:
12022:
11983:
11929:
11875:
11852:Idlib Governorate clashes
11826:
11778:Hass refugee camp bombing
11714:
11666:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)
11587:
11502:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)
11477:Maskanah Plains offensive
11472:Desert campaign (May–Jul)
11402:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)
11353:
11134:
10976:
10874:Second siege of Wadi Deif
10869:Kafr Zita chemical attack
10834:Daraa offensive (Feb–May)
10792:
10705:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl
10648:
10454:
10441:Idlib Governorate clashes
10426:Daraa Governorate clashes
10394:Jabal al-Zawiya operation
10325:
10255:
10251:
10238:
10209:
10138:
10117:
10081:
10050:
9974:
9970:
9959:
9182:The Thistle and the Drone
7462:"Syria: how it all began"
7371:"Syria: how it all began"
7029:"Syria: How it all began"
6697:Reporters Without Borders
5069:Kurdish Supreme Committee
4839:British foreign secretary
4729:and shout the trade mark
4249:stormed a gathering in a
4012:Reporters Without Borders
3886:, and later a full-scale
3780:
3538:
3303:
3237:Israel–Hezbollah conflict
3154:Qamishli & Al-Hasakah
3139:
3003:
2997:(April 2019 – March 2020)
2902:Sep. 2018 missile strikes
2885:
2708:5th Deir ez-Zor offensive
2667:
2449:
2374:4th Deir ez-Zor offensive
2111:
1990:3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive
1898:
1892:(Sept. 2015 – March 2016)
1670:2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive
1623:
1617:(Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)
1456:1st Deir ez-Zor offensive
1433:
1424:Rise of the Islamic State
1163:Kurdish–Islamist conflict
1057:
872:
866:(Sept. 2011 – April 2012)
776:
735:
523:
478:as the Syrian government.
469:
456:
451:
417:
412:
404:No centralized leadership
380:
375:
269:
264:
248:
218:
182:
115:
103:
78:
60:
48:
43:
13498:May 2011 events in Syria
13443:21st-century revolutions
12726:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army
12670:Kurdistan Workers' Party
12614:Women's Protection Units
12586:Kurdish National Council
12035:Israel and Golan Heights
11906:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
11748:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani
11507:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
11462:April Turkish airstrikes
11437:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)
11270:Southern Aleppo campaign
11213:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
11106:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)
11076:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
11006:Southern Syria Offensive
10640:Talbiseh bakery massacre
10591:First siege of Wadi Deif
10581:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz
10478:January al-Midan bombing
10210:Agreements and dialogues
10191:Syrian Democratic Forces
8129:. Beirut, Amman, Cairo.
5424:10.1215/01903659-1506283
5393:
5388:List of Syrian defectors
5310:Carrier Strike Group Two
5283:Gulf Cooperation Council
4829:Syrian Arab Armed Forces
4545:Syrian Arab armed forces
4441:at Tishreen University,
4401:Syrian Arab Armed Forces
4141:"; directly alluding to
4119:In the southern city of
3469:Kafr Takharim airstrikes
3248:February 2024 airstrikes
3211:3rd U.S. missile strikes
3088:2nd U.S. missile strikes
2879:(Sep. 2018 – April 2019)
2774:U.S.-led missile strikes
2680:Eastern Syria insurgency
2305:Aleppo aid convoy attack
1241:Darayya & Muadamiyat
1184:Tell Hamis and Tell Brak
90:– 12 June 2012
13204:International reactions
13189:Human rights violations
12680:Sinjar Resistance Units
12639:Syriac Military Council
12629:Army of Revolutionaries
12564:of North and East Syria
12424:Syrian National Council
12278:Arab Socialist Movement
12199:Operation Spring Shield
12140:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)
12120:Lebanese border clashes
12014:Northern border clashes
11975:Northwest clashes (Dec)
11955:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes
11857:Kafr-Takharim airstrike
11706:Northern border clashes
11427:March Damascus bombings
11392:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)
11345:Palmyra offensive (Dec)
11223:Palmyra offensive (Mar)
11056:Palmyra offensive (May)
10901:Battle of Tabqa Airbase
10896:Eastern Syria offensive
10779:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah
9865:, BBC, 4 February 2012.
8809:. BBC News. 7 June 2011
8587:The Wall Street Journal
6839:The Wall Street Journal
5198:International reactions
5057:Syrian National Council
4902:Syrian National Council
4745:الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام
4695:Kurdish Future Movement
4658:"This is a campaign of
4126:الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام
3950:crimes against humanity
3772:Civil uprising in Syria
3720:Australian intervention
3454:Russian Su-24 shootdown
3323:Iranian embassy bombing
2912:Northern border clashes
2661:(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)
2577:Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)
1522:Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)
960:Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)
768:Civil uprising in Syria
652:September–December 2019
637:September–December 2018
622:September–December 2017
607:September–December 2016
562:September–December 2012
547:September–December 2011
82:15 March 2011
53:and the prelude to the
13468:Arab Spring by country
13381:Syrian detainee report
13267:UN supervision mission
13257:Friends of Syria Group
13179:Damaged heritage sites
12581:Democratic Union Party
12533:Jordanian intervention
12454:Syrian Patriotic Group
12283:Syrian Communist Party
12194:2020 Balyun airstrikes
12049:February 2018 incident
11696:Qamishli clashes (Sep)
11611:Operation Olive Branch
11452:Shayrat missile strike
11285:Aleppo summer campaign
11275:Battle of al-Rai (Aug)
11188:February Homs bombings
11046:Battle of Yarmouk Camp
11036:Second Battle of Idlib
10749:Khan al-Assal massacre
10712:Ghouta chemical attack
10094:Early insurgency phase
6759:Arab Studies Quarterly
6093:. 2012. Archived from
5278:
5211:
5184:Syrian Electronic Army
5155:
5085:Syrian military forces
5005:— Syrian Sufi scholar
5002:
4946:
4869:
4759:
4668:
4606:
4505:
4446:
4430:
4334:
4312:
4214:
4116:
3795:Homs (May–August 2011)
3681:Operation Martyr Muath
3676:Jordanian intervention
3580:Foreign rebel fighters
3381:February 2018 incident
3313:Lebanese–Syrian border
2994:Second Idlib offensive
2987:Operation Peace Spring
2890:Idlib demilitarization
2875:Idlib demilitarization
2673:3rd Northwestern Syria
2656:Operation Olive Branch
2652:Rebels in retreat and
2454:Eastern Homs offensive
1915:2nd Northwestern Syria
1745:1st Northwestern Syria
1051:(May 2012 – Dec. 2013)
791:Homs (May–August 2011)
356:Free Officers Movement
13386:Syrian media coverage
13262:Kofi Annan peace plan
12685:Êzîdxan Women's Units
12634:SDF military councils
12364:military intervention
12337:Hezbollah involvement
12292:Military and militias
12135:North Lebanon clashes
11896:Missile strikes (Jan)
11783:Missile strikes (Aug)
11701:Missile strikes (Sep)
11646:Missile strikes (Apr)
11641:Douma chemical attack
11492:Daraa offensive (Jun)
11183:Al-Shaddadi offensive
11121:Tishrin Dam offensive
11001:Daraa Offensive (Jan)
10996:Air Force An-26 crash
10938:Daraa offensive (Oct)
10822:Deir ez-Zor offensive
10688:Battle of Raqqa (Mar)
10488:First Battle of Idlib
10312:Human rights in Syria
10186:Kurdish Area in Syria
10002:Background and causes
9142:on 19 September 2016.
8348:on 13 September 2011.
7846:. CNN. 7 April 2012.
6988:Middle East Institute
5894:. pp. ii, 4, 9.
5569:Third World Quarterly
5272:
5224:Amnesty International
5205:
5146:'s cartoon depicting
5142:
5038:forced disappearances
5013:Further information:
4970:
4922:
4877:Further information:
4859:
4724:
4656:
4629:On May 15, 2011, the
4600:
4503:
4436:
4424:
4328:
4300:
4200:
4106:
3930:forced disappearances
3654:2014 rescue operation
3328:North Lebanon clashes
2980:First Idlib offensive
2795:3rd Southern Damascus
2768:2nd Southern Damascus
2715:1st Southern Damascus
2379:18th Aleppo offensive
2343:17th Aleppo offensive
2330:16th Aleppo offensive
2310:15th Aleppo offensive
2300:Deir ez-Zor airstrike
2219:4th Latakia offensive
1921:3rd Latakia offensive
1629:U.S.-led intervention
1606:U.S.-led intervention
1489:2nd Latakia offensive
1355:1st Latakia offensive
898:Syrian–Turkish border
689:Background and causes
452:Casualties and losses
200:Expanded civil rights
122:Government corruption
13294:Geneva II conference
13252:Arab League monitors
13229:Spillover in Lebanon
13138:2018 local elections
13103:2011 local elections
12883:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
12644:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa
12470:Syrian National Army
12444:Syrian Support Group
11970:Operation Claw-Sword
11945:Battle of al-Hasakah
11691:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)
11532:Hama offensive (Sep)
11382:January Azaz bombing
11295:5 September bombings
11066:Tell Abyad offensive
10864:Battle of Al-Malihah
10764:Battle of Tell Abyad
10759:Battle of Ras al-Ayn
10510:May Battle of Rastan
10307:Damascus Declaration
10151:Russian intervention
10109:Syrian peace process
10099:2012–2013 escalation
10082:Phases and processes
10022:Inter-rebel conflict
10007:Syrian peace process
9899:Cooper, Tom (2015).
9415:. BBC. 7 August 2011
9065:United Nations:OHCHR
8745:. 5 September 2011.
8667:– via Haaretz.
8628:United Nations:OHCHR
8317:United Nations:OHCHR
7719:The History of Syria
7609:United Nations:OHCHR
7581:United Nations:OHCHR
7165:– via YouTube.
6796:on 19 February 2017.
6579:Simon & Schuster
6553:United Nations:OHCHR
5671:. pp. 2, 4, 9.
5189:political cartoonist
5091:2023 Syrian protests
4941: Controlled by
4934:Syrian Arab Republic
4932: Controlled by
4860:Protest against the
4687:Hamza Ali al-Khateeb
4679:On May 24, Baathist
4557:Hamza Ali al-Khateeb
4344:shoot-to-kill policy
3986:At the onset of the
3842:, also known as the
3810:1st Jisr ash-Shughur
3664:2017 missile strikes
3561:Iran–Israel conflict
3551:Iranian intervention
3343:Turkish F4 shootdown
3226:3rd Northern clashes
3216:2nd Northern clashes
3205:Northwestern clashes
2788:2nd Eastern Qalamoun
2285:1st Eastern Qalamoun
2116:8th Aleppo offensive
2052:2nd Maarat al-Nu'man
2001:7th Aleppo offensive
1980:al-Qamishli bombings
1975:2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin
1954:6th Aleppo offensive
1937:5th Aleppo offensive
1904:Russian intervention
1889:Russian intervention
1810:4th Aleppo offensive
1675:3rd Aleppo offensive
1665:1st Al-Shaykh Maskin
1650:2014 Idlib city raid
1439:Inter-rebel conflict
1213:Abu al-Duhur Airbase
1198:Nubl & Al-Zahraa
1149:2nd Aleppo offensive
1143:1st Aleppo offensive
806:1st Jisr ash-Shughur
592:August–December 2015
582:August–December 2014
435:forcibly disappeared
258:full-scale civil war
146:Political repression
30:For other uses, see
13184:Foreign involvement
13063:Abdurrahman Mustafa
13018:Yassin al-Haj Saleh
12983:Abdul Halim Khaddam
12495:Army of Free Tribes
12463:Opposition militias
12354:Russian involvement
12342:Iranian involvement
12299:Syrian Armed Forces
12078:Operation al-Shabah
12044:March 2017 incident
11763:Tell Rifaat clashes
11579:Beit Jinn offensive
11572:Abu Kamal offensive
11512:Idlib clashes (Jul)
11482:East Hama offensive
11203:Battle of Tel Abyad
10943:Al-Safira offensive
10933:Homs school bombing
10722:Battle of al-Qusayr
10717:Al-Qusayr offensive
10520:Battle of al-Haffah
10493:Battle of al-Qusayr
10369:May Talkalakh siege
10277:Corrective Movement
10156:Turkish involvement
10146:Russian involvement
9364:The Huffington Post
9040:The Washington Post
8885:on 20 January 2022.
8840:on 9 February 2024.
8601:on 21 February 2015
8298:on 6 November 2023.
8262:The Jerusalemn Post
6979:Middle East Journal
6642:The Washington Post
6481:on 23 January 2016.
6285:The Washington Post
5826:New York Daily News
5733:The Huffington Post
5649:– via JSTOR.
5619:Middle East Journal
5599:– via JSTOR.
5472:"Thawrat Alkaramah"
5061:resistance militias
5007:Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
4786:Rastan and Talbiseh
4481:Military operations
4370:resistance movement
4168:resistance movement
4157:', the protests in
4093:March 2011 uprising
4016:Press Freedom Index
3956:Navi Pillai urging
3815:1st Jabal al-Zawiya
3805:Rastan and Talbiseh
3774:(March–August 2011)
3715:French intervention
3710:German intervention
3585:Turkish involvement
3556:2017 missile strike
3546:Russian involvement
3488:Spillover in Europe
3449:Spillover in Turkey
3429:2017 Tehran attacks
3179:3rd Al-Hasakah city
2244:3rd Al-Hasakah City
2166:Jableh & Tartus
2156:3rd Shaer gas field
2022:2nd Sayyidah Zaynab
1995:1st Sayyidah Zaynab
1800:2nd Al-Hasakah city
1768:1st Al-Hasakah city
1705:Hama/Homs offensive
1685:4th Daraa offensive
1660:2nd Shaer gas field
1640:3rd Daraa offensive
1635:Homs school bombing
1528:1st Shaer gas field
1484:2nd Daraa offensive
1427:(Jan. – Sept. 2014)
1325:Al-Qusayr offensive
1293:1st Daraa offensive
863:Start of insurgency
811:1st Jabal al-Zawiya
801:Rastan and Talbiseh
770:(March–August 2011)
349:Civilian protesters
131:Aftermath of 1970s
13003:Ali Mahmoud Othman
12449:Adopt a Revolution
12412:National Coalition
12404:Interim government
12004:Damascus airstrike
11911:US airstrike (Jun)
11901:US airstrike (Feb)
11867:Deir ez-Zor ambush
11808:Qah missile strike
11686:As-Suwayda attacks
11681:Southern offensive
11522:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)
11432:Al-Jinah airstrike
11198:Khanasir offensive
10918:Quneitra offensive
10678:Damascus offensive
10673:Battle of Shadadeh
10535:Battle of Damascus
10525:Al-Qubeir massacre
10503:Battle of Taftanaz
10414:Battle of Zabadani
9886:, 4 February 2012.
9743:The New York Times
9670:The New York Times
9597:on 30 October 2011
9477:on 1 February 2013
9324:on 29 August 2023.
9302:on 31 August 2023.
9296:The New York Times
9279:on 26 August 2023.
9257:on 25 August 2023.
9161:on 4 December 2012
9136:Carnegie endowment
9046:on 16 August 2022.
8992:The New York Times
8743:The New York Times
8342:Human Rights Watch
8200:The New York Times
8158:The New York Times
8033:on 28 January 2015
7938:on 17 January 2012
7824:on 16 October 2013
7785:Human Rights Watch
7747:The New York Times
7634:The New York Times
7472:on 3 January 2014.
7398:The New York Times
7381:on 2 January 2014.
7305:The New York Times
7130:Human Rights Watch
6939:The New York Times
6773:– via JSTOR.
6720:The New York Times
6681:on 12 August 2018.
6252:The New York Times
6143:Human Rights Watch
6091:Human Rights Watch
6063:. 18 August 2011.
5702:"The Assad Poison"
5461:The Globe and Mail
5279:
5235:Human Rights Watch
5212:
5156:
5081:aerial bombardment
4980:... Syrians chose
4947:
4897:heavy machine guns
4870:
4760:
4607:
4506:
4473:besieging cities.
4447:
4431:
4382:Human Rights Watch
4335:
4215:
4155:Human Rights Watch
4117:
4029:After winning the
3934:summary executions
3671:Qatari involvement
3425:Spillover in Iran
3221:Deir ez-Zor (2023)
2817:2nd Southern Syria
2612:7th Hama offensive
2595:Euphrates Crossing
2490:Aleppo bus bombing
2465:6th Hama offensive
2336:2nd Raqqa campaign
2325:2nd Western al-Bab
2290:September bombings
2280:1st Western al-Bab
2274:5th Hama offensive
2185:2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa
2007:1st Ithriyah-Raqqa
1960:4th Hama offensive
1847:Kuweires offensive
1655:Nusra–FSA conflict
1547:3rd Hama offensive
1345:2nd Hama offensive
1282:1st Raqqa campaign
1252:1st Hama offensive
642:January–April 2019
627:January–April 2018
612:January–April 2017
597:January–April 2016
567:January–April 2013
552:January–April 2012
537:January–April 2011
194:Democratic reforms
137:1982 Hama massacre
13473:Protests in Syria
13430:
13429:
13408:
13407:
13404:
13403:
13361:Exclusive mandate
13338:War crimes trials
13309:2016 Geneva talks
13076:
13075:
13068:Fadlallah al-Haji
13023:Bouthaina Shaaban
12806:
12805:
12802:
12801:
12798:
12797:
12693:
12692:
12624:Al-Sanadid Forces
12619:Anti-Terror Units
12556:
12555:
12389:
12388:
12304:Syrian Resistance
12260:Politics of Syria
12232:
12231:
12228:
12227:
12224:
12223:
11999:Al-Sukhnah attack
11960:Jarqli airstrikes
11842:COVID-19 pandemic
11798:November bombings
11616:Battle of Khasham
11562:Mayadin offensive
11547:Battle of Harasta
11417:Palmyra offensive
11101:Al-Hawl offensive
11061:Qamishli bombings
10859:Latakia Offensive
10817:Battle of Markada
10630:Battle of Darayya
10606:Battle of Darayya
10530:Battle of Tremseh
10349:Syrian Revolution
10282:Islamist uprising
10234:
10233:
10230:
10229:
10089:Syrian revolution
10032:Cities and towns
9914:978-1-910294-10-9
9211:www.aljazeera.com
9191:978-0-8157-2378-3
9119:on 10 April 2017.
8910:on 7 October 2011
8479:on 30 August 2012
7964:. 25 March 2011.
7728:978-1-4408-5834-5
7703:978-0-19-933062-1
7678:978-0-8122-4867-8
7636:. 18 March 2011.
7307:. 20 March 2011.
7183:. 16 March 2011.
7099:. 19 March 2011.
7014:HighBeam Research
6910:. 15 March 2011.
6878:Al Akhbar English
6814:. 3 February 2011
6507:on 21 March 2017.
6343:on 11 August 2021
6315:on 18 March 2021.
6292:on 30 April 2011.
6115:. 18 March 2011.
6097:on 9 August 2022.
5947:on 9 October 2017
5858:. 19 April 2011.
5485:. 13 March 2012.
5319:Syrian opposition
5273:Demonstration in
5206:Demonstration in
5105:majority city of
4978:Voting Rights Act
4943:Syrian opposition
4927:, 15 March 2012.
4925:Syrian insurgency
4887:continued as the
4879:Syrian insurgency
4868:, 3 February 2012
4753:
4722:
4598:
4467:satellite parties
4329:Demonstration in
4236:Friday of Dignity
4151:Daraa Governorate
4139:Your turn, Doctor
4113:Down with Bashar!
4060:clients loyal to
3954:High Commissioner
3840:Syrian revolution
3833:
3832:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3705:Dutch involvement
3693:Saudi involvement
3496:
3495:
3464:Balyun airstrikes
3386:May 2018 incident
3348:Reyhanlı bombings
3308:Lebanon spillover
3261:
3260:
3231:Homs drone strike
3101:
3100:
3052:Northern bombings
2946:
2945:
2841:
2840:
2702:3rd Syrian Desert
2620:
2619:
2584:2nd Eastern Syria
2505:2nd Syrian Desert
2484:US Shayrat strike
2407:
2406:
2359:1st Syrian Desert
2094:Aleppo escalation
2060:
2059:
1855:
1854:
1572:
1571:
1534:1st Eastern Syria
1390:
1389:
1350:Bayda and Baniyas
1012:
1011:
829:
828:
587:January–July 2015
577:January–July 2014
572:May–December 2013
482:
481:
472:Syrian opposition
447:
446:
371:
370:
209:Equal rights for
142:Totalitarian rule
67:Demonstration in
44:Syrian revolution
16:(Redirected from
13520:
13420:
13419:
13194:Humanitarian aid
13174:Chemical weapons
13169:Cities and towns
13093:
13092:
13082:
13081:
13038:Fadwa Souleimane
13028:Abdulbaset Sieda
13008:Ibrahim Qashoush
12998:Ali Habib Mahmud
12908:Hamza al-Khateeb
12903:Kamal al-Labwani
12893:Haitham al-Maleh
12888:Suheil al-Hassan
12826:Ammar Abdulhamid
12812:
12811:
12785:Malhama Tactical
12770:Caucasus Emirate
12704:
12703:
12569:
12568:
12475:Free Syrian Army
12400:
12399:
12256:
12255:
12249:
12248:
12238:
12237:
12031:
12030:
11988:
11934:
11880:
11862:Ayn Issa clashes
11831:
11719:
11592:
11517:Central campaign
11412:Qaboun offensive
11358:
11335:Battle of al-Bab
11258:Manbij offensive
11139:
10981:
10844:Al-Otaiba ambush
10797:
10668:Battle of Safira
10653:
10623:Halfaya massacre
10574:Darayya massacre
10557:Siege of Base 46
10552:Battle of Anadan
10547:Battle of Aleppo
10483:Battle of Rastan
10459:
10431:Battle of Rastan
10399:Siege of Latakia
10364:Siege of Baniyas
10330:
10287:Latakia protests
10253:
10252:
10240:
10239:
9992:Syrian civil war
9972:
9971:
9961:
9960:
9953:Syrian civil war
9946:
9939:
9932:
9923:
9922:
9918:
9887:
9875:
9866:
9860:
9854:
9853:
9851:
9849:
9838:
9832:
9831:
9829:
9827:
9808:
9802:
9801:
9799:
9797:
9790:Consular Section
9782:
9776:
9775:
9773:
9771:
9760:
9754:
9753:
9751:
9749:
9734:
9728:
9727:
9725:
9723:
9712:
9703:
9702:
9700:
9698:
9687:
9681:
9680:
9678:
9676:
9661:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9635:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9624:
9613:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9602:
9593:. Archived from
9586:
9580:
9574:
9568:
9563:
9557:
9556:
9554:
9552:
9541:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9530:
9519:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9508:
9493:
9487:
9486:
9484:
9482:
9467:
9461:
9460:
9453:
9447:
9446:
9444:
9442:
9431:
9425:
9424:
9422:
9420:
9409:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9398:
9382:
9376:
9375:
9373:
9371:
9354:
9348:
9347:
9345:
9343:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9310:
9304:
9303:
9298:. Archived from
9287:
9281:
9280:
9265:
9259:
9258:
9253:. Archived from
9242:
9236:
9235:
9229:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9202:
9196:
9195:
9177:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9166:
9150:
9144:
9143:
9138:. Archived from
9127:
9121:
9120:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9093:. Archived from
9082:
9076:
9075:
9074:on 3 March 2023.
9073:
9062:
9054:
9048:
9047:
9042:. Archived from
9031:
9025:
9024:
9022:
9020:
9009:
9003:
9002:
9000:
8998:
8984:
8978:
8977:
8975:
8973:
8957:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8946:
8937:. Archived from
8926:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8915:
8896:
8887:
8886:
8881:. Archived from
8870:
8864:
8863:
8848:
8842:
8841:
8836:. Archived from
8834:Business Insider
8825:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8814:
8803:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8783:. 24 June 2011.
8773:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8762:
8735:
8729:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8705:
8699:
8698:
8696:
8694:
8685:. 30 June 2011.
8675:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8664:
8655:. 17 June 2011.
8653:Associated Press
8645:
8639:
8638:
8637:on 3 March 2023.
8636:
8625:
8617:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8606:
8597:. Archived from
8578:
8572:
8571:
8569:
8567:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8525:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8514:
8495:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8484:
8469:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8443:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8432:
8416:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8386:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8375:
8359:
8350:
8349:
8334:
8328:
8327:
8326:on 3 March 2023.
8325:
8314:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8284:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8254:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8237:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8191:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8177:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8118:
8112:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8098:. 10 July 2011.
8088:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8012:
7984:
7978:
7977:
7975:
7973:
7954:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7928:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7897:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7866:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7840:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7810:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7749:. 27 June 2012.
7739:
7733:
7732:
7714:
7708:
7707:
7689:
7683:
7682:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7618:on 3 March 2023.
7617:
7606:
7598:
7592:
7591:
7590:on 3 March 2023.
7589:
7578:
7570:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7540:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7510:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7499:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7468:. Archived from
7457:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7438:. 1 January 2021
7428:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7389:
7383:
7382:
7377:. Archived from
7366:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7335:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7324:
7297:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7286:
7280:
7269:
7260:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7246:
7231:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7122:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7089:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7055:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7024:
7018:
7017:
7011:
7006:. Archived from
6969:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6958:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6884:on 15 March 2018
6880:. Archived from
6869:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6792:. Archived from
6781:
6775:
6774:
6750:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6711:
6705:
6704:
6699:. Archived from
6689:
6683:
6682:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6633:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6599:
6593:
6592:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6562:on 3 March 2023.
6561:
6550:
6542:
6536:
6535:
6520:
6509:
6508:
6503:. Archived from
6492:
6483:
6482:
6467:
6458:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6418:
6416:
6411:on 22 March 2023
6397:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6383:
6374:. Archived from
6363:
6357:
6356:
6350:
6348:
6339:. Archived from
6328:
6317:
6316:
6311:. Archived from
6300:
6294:
6293:
6288:. Archived from
6275:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6245:(30 June 2011).
6239:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6225:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6185:
6176:
6175:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6033:. Archived from
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6006:. 28 July 2011.
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5976:. 27 June 2011.
5966:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5943:. Archived from
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5907:
5899:
5889:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5735:. Archived from
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5684:
5676:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5527:
5511:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5478:
5467:
5463:. 13 July 2012.
5452:
5447:
5438:
5427:
5404:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5259:massacre in Hama
5251:Catherine Ashton
5239:Syrian Arab Army
5077:Syrian Air Force
5073:Kurdish language
5053:Free Syrian Army
5042:Security Council
5009:
4940:
4931:
4889:Syrian Arab Navy
4885:Siege of Latakia
4817:Ramadan Massacre
4802:Jisr ash-Shughur
4790:Maarat al-Numaan
4748:
4746:
4723:
4675:
4631:Syrian Arab Army
4599:
4164:Syrian Arab Army
4128:
4127:
3966:Assad government
3958:Security Council
3896:armed insurgency
3892:Free Syrian Army
3880:Syrian Arab Army
3775:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3600:Euphrates Shield
3533:
3531:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3298:
3296:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3134:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3068:5th Northwestern
3020:Raqqa & Azaz
3009:4th Northwestern
2998:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2918:Daraa insurgency
2880:
2876:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2752:10th Rif Dimashq
2662:
2657:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2590:Deir ez-Zor city
2444:
2439:Collapse of the
2432:
2425:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2106:
2103:
2101:Euphrates Shield
2095:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2042:2nd Al-Qaryatayn
1893:
1890:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1832:1st al-Qaryatayn
1780:Daraa/As-Suwayda
1739:2nd Yarmouk camp
1729:Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya
1618:
1607:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1464:al-Otaiba ambush
1428:
1425:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1228:1st Yarmouk camp
1157:Syrian Kurdistan
1052:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1014:
1013:
867:
864:
854:
847:
840:
831:
830:
771:
760:
753:
746:
737:
736:
517:
516:Syrian civil war
508:
501:
494:
485:
484:
419:
418:
393:Ali Habib Mahmud
335:
334:
333:
282:
281:
271:
270:
225:Civil resistance
188:Overthrowing of
161:of ruling elites
97:
95:
89:
87:
65:
55:Syrian civil war
41:
40:
21:
13528:
13527:
13523:
13522:
13521:
13519:
13518:
13517:
13433:
13432:
13431:
13426:
13400:
13349:
13333:
13238:
13152:
13087:
13072:
13053:Razan Zaitouneh
12958:Burhan Ghalioun
12933:Ammar al-Qurabi
12841:al-Assad family
12831:Ali al-Abdallah
12817:
12794:
12780:Junud al-Makhdi
12775:Ajnad al-Kavkaz
12745:
12689:
12653:
12595:
12573:DFNS Government
12563:
12552:
12528:US intervention
12520:Foreign support
12514:
12458:
12385:
12347:Liwa Fatemiyoun
12329:Foreign support
12323:
12314:al-Quds Brigade
12287:
12243:
12220:
12203:
12144:
12125:Battle of Sidon
12105:
12087:
12058:
12018:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11935:
11930:
11925:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11832:
11827:
11822:
11728:
11724:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11601:
11597:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11487:Battle of Raqqa
11442:Battle of Tabqa
11367:
11363:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11315:Dabiq offensive
11263:Tokhar massacre
11148:
11144:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11071:Kobanî massacre
11031:Idlib Offensive
11026:Battle of Bosra
10986:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10928:Siege of Kobanî
10884:Battle of Arsal
10849:Idlib offensive
10829:Battle of Morek
10802:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10695:Daraa offensive
10658:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10596:Battle of Harem
10468:
10464:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10419:Battle of Douma
10339:
10335:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10292:Damascus Spring
10247:
10226:
10205:
10201:U.S. task force
10196:Rojava conflict
10134:
10113:
10077:
10046:
9966:
9955:
9950:
9915:
9895:
9890:
9883:Daily Telegraph
9876:
9869:
9861:
9857:
9847:
9845:
9840:
9839:
9835:
9825:
9823:
9809:
9805:
9795:
9793:
9784:
9783:
9779:
9769:
9767:
9762:
9761:
9757:
9747:
9745:
9735:
9731:
9721:
9719:
9714:
9713:
9706:
9696:
9694:
9689:
9688:
9684:
9674:
9672:
9662:
9658:
9648:
9646:
9645:on 31 July 2011
9637:
9636:
9632:
9622:
9620:
9615:
9614:
9610:
9600:
9598:
9587:
9583:
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9564:
9560:
9550:
9548:
9543:
9542:
9538:
9528:
9526:
9520:
9516:
9506:
9504:
9503:). 9 April 2011
9499:. Reuters (via
9495:
9494:
9490:
9480:
9478:
9469:
9468:
9464:
9455:
9454:
9450:
9440:
9438:
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9411:
9410:
9406:
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9394:
9383:
9379:
9369:
9367:
9355:
9351:
9341:
9339:
9334:
9333:
9329:
9318:Asharq al-Awsat
9312:
9311:
9307:
9288:
9284:
9267:
9266:
9262:
9243:
9239:
9223:
9222:
9215:
9213:
9203:
9199:
9192:
9178:
9174:
9164:
9162:
9151:
9147:
9128:
9124:
9107:
9106:
9102:
9097:on 17 May 2023.
9083:
9079:
9071:
9060:
9056:
9055:
9051:
9032:
9028:
9018:
9016:
9011:
9010:
9006:
8996:
8994:
8986:
8985:
8981:
8971:
8969:
8958:
8954:
8944:
8942:
8941:on 11 June 2011
8927:
8923:
8913:
8911:
8898:
8897:
8890:
8871:
8867:
8862:on 9 June 2011.
8850:
8849:
8845:
8826:
8822:
8812:
8810:
8805:
8804:
8800:
8790:
8788:
8775:
8774:
8770:
8760:
8758:
8737:
8736:
8732:
8722:
8720:
8715:. 1 July 2011.
8707:
8706:
8702:
8692:
8690:
8677:
8676:
8672:
8662:
8660:
8647:
8646:
8642:
8634:
8623:
8619:
8618:
8614:
8604:
8602:
8579:
8575:
8565:
8563:
8554:
8553:
8549:
8539:
8537:
8526:
8522:
8512:
8510:
8505:. 24 May 2011.
8497:
8496:
8492:
8482:
8480:
8471:
8470:
8466:
8456:
8454:
8444:
8440:
8430:
8428:
8417:
8413:
8403:
8401:
8388:
8387:
8383:
8373:
8371:
8360:
8353:
8336:
8335:
8331:
8323:
8312:
8308:
8307:
8303:
8286:
8285:
8281:
8271:
8269:
8264:. 5 July 2011.
8256:
8255:
8251:
8243:
8239:
8238:
8227:
8217:
8215:
8192:
8185:
8175:
8173:
8150:
8146:
8136:
8134:
8119:
8115:
8105:
8103:
8090:
8089:
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8046:
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8034:
8025:
8024:
8020:
8010:
8008:
7985:
7981:
7971:
7969:
7956:
7955:
7951:
7941:
7939:
7930:
7929:
7925:
7915:
7913:
7898:
7894:
7884:
7882:
7867:
7863:
7853:
7851:
7842:
7841:
7837:
7827:
7825:
7812:
7811:
7804:
7794:
7792:
7787:. 3 July 2012.
7779:
7778:
7774:
7764:
7762:
7741:
7740:
7736:
7729:
7715:
7711:
7704:
7690:
7686:
7679:
7665:
7661:
7651:
7649:
7628:
7627:
7623:
7615:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7595:
7587:
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7572:
7571:
7567:
7557:
7555:
7542:
7541:
7537:
7527:
7525:
7512:
7511:
7507:
7497:
7495:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7458:
7451:
7441:
7439:
7430:
7429:
7425:
7415:
7413:
7390:
7386:
7367:
7363:
7353:
7351:
7344:Digital Journal
7336:
7332:
7322:
7320:
7299:
7298:
7294:
7284:
7282:
7278:
7267:
7261:
7254:
7244:
7242:
7233:
7232:
7228:
7219:
7217:
7204:
7200:
7190:
7188:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7139:
7137:
7132:. 1 June 2011.
7124:
7123:
7116:
7106:
7104:
7091:
7090:
7083:
7073:
7071:
7056:
7052:
7042:
7040:
7025:
7021:
6996:10.3751/68.1.12
6970:
6966:
6956:
6954:
6931:
6927:
6917:
6915:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6887:
6885:
6870:
6866:
6856:
6854:
6831:
6827:
6817:
6815:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6782:
6778:
6751:
6747:
6737:
6735:
6712:
6708:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6669:
6668:
6664:
6654:
6652:
6634:
6627:
6617:
6615:
6600:
6596:
6589:
6571:
6567:
6559:
6548:
6544:
6543:
6539:
6534:on 12 May 2023.
6522:
6521:
6512:
6493:
6486:
6469:
6468:
6461:
6447:
6445:
6444:on 20 June 2011
6432:
6431:
6427:
6414:
6412:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6381:
6379:
6378:on 7 March 2023
6364:
6360:
6346:
6344:
6329:
6320:
6301:
6297:
6276:
6272:
6262:
6260:
6240:
6236:
6223:
6221:
6204:
6200:
6187:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6158:
6154:
6149:on 8 July 2015.
6137:
6136:
6132:
6122:
6120:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6070:
6068:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6037:on 4 March 2016
6027:
6023:
6013:
6011:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5968:
5967:
5960:
5950:
5948:
5933:
5929:
5921:
5917:
5901:
5900:
5887:
5879:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5835:
5833:
5818:
5814:
5804:
5802:
5787:
5783:
5773:
5771:
5756:
5752:
5742:
5740:
5739:on 3 March 2016
5725:
5721:
5711:
5709:
5698:
5694:
5678:
5677:
5661:
5657:
5631:10.3751/68.1.12
5611:
5607:
5561:
5557:
5547:
5545:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5499:
5495:
5481:
5470:
5455:
5445:
5441:
5430:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5365:Politics portal
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5339:
5200:
5148:Bashar al-Assad
5137:
5131:
5099:
5093:
5017:
5011:
5004:
4982:Fares al-Khoury
4968:
4954:, president of
4952:Bashar al-Assad
4945:
4938:
4936:
4929:
4917:
4881:
4875:
4864:in the city of
4854:
4846:Bashar al-Assad
4775:Jisr ash-Shugur
4713:
4711:
4677:
4670:
4624:Jisr al-Shuggur
4603:Jisr ash-Shugur
4588:
4586:
4580:
4498:
4493:
4485:Main articles:
4483:
4445:on 23 May 2011.
4419:
4413:
4390:Baathist regime
4323:
4317:
4243:Fourth Division
4143:Bashar al-Assad
4109:liyaskuṭ Bašhār
4101:
4095:
4090:
3992:Ba'athist Syria
3984:
3974:
3936:, show-trials,
3884:armed rebellion
3868:Bashar al-Assad
3836:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3738:
3729:
3725:UK intervention
3649:List of attacks
3639:US intervention
3615:Afrin operation
3605:2017 airstrikes
3534:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3445:
3422:
3411:Western Nineveh
3392:
3372:
3364:
3334:
3299:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3257:
3189:Jabal al-Bishrī
3135:
3132:
3130:
3097:
2999:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2942:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2837:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2616:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2403:
2256:Northern al-Bab
2190:9th Rif Dimashq
2151:8th Rif Dimashq
2146:Aleppo bombings
2107:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2056:
1928:Su-24 shootdown
1894:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1851:
1842:7th Rif Dimashq
1619:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1568:
1552:6th Rif Dimashq
1445:Northern Aleppo
1429:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1386:
1370:5th Rif Dimashq
1305:Jdaidet al-Fadl
1299:4th Rif Dimashq
1223:3rd Rif Dimashq
1203:2nd Rif Dimashq
1169:Hasaka campaign
1127:Menagh Air Base
1053:
1043:
1041:
1008:
942:1st Rif Dimashq
903:Jabal al-Zawiya
868:
862:
860:
858:
825:
772:
766:
764:
731:
684:
654:
647:May–August 2019
632:May–August 2018
617:May–August 2017
602:May–August 2016
557:May–August 2012
542:May–August 2011
519:
515:
512:
461:
443:
440:
438:
428:
425:
408:
407:
400:
395:
391:
387:
385:Bashar al-Assad
367:
340:
331:
329:
324:
286:
276:
190:Bashar al-Assad
154:Damascus Spring
111:
98:
93:
91:
85:
83:
74:
72:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13526:
13516:
13515:
13510:
13505:
13500:
13495:
13490:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13455:
13450:
13445:
13428:
13427:
13425:
13424:
13413:
13410:
13409:
13406:
13405:
13402:
13401:
13399:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13373:
13368:
13363:
13357:
13355:
13354:Related topics
13351:
13350:
13348:
13347:
13341:
13339:
13335:
13334:
13332:
13331:
13326:
13321:
13316:
13311:
13306:
13301:
13296:
13291:
13286:
13284:39th G8 summit
13281:
13276:
13271:
13270:
13269:
13259:
13254:
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13246:
13240:
13239:
13237:
13236:
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13040:
13035:
13030:
13025:
13020:
13015:
13010:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12993:Bassma Kodmani
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12965:
12963:Razan Ghazzawi
12960:
12955:
12950:
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12925:
12920:
12915:
12913:Tal al-Mallohi
12910:
12905:
12900:
12898:Moaz al-Khatib
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12878:Anwar al-Bunni
12875:
12870:
12869:
12868:
12866:Hafez Makhlouf
12863:
12858:
12853:
12848:
12838:
12836:Adnan al-Aroor
12833:
12828:
12822:
12819:
12818:
12808:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12800:
12799:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12762:
12760:Tahrir al-Sham
12756:
12754:
12747:
12746:
12744:
12743:
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12723:
12718:
12712:
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12301:
12295:
12293:
12289:
12288:
12286:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12264:
12262:
12253:
12245:
12244:
12234:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12226:
12225:
12222:
12221:
12219:
12218:
12211:
12209:
12205:
12204:
12202:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12155:
12153:
12146:
12145:
12143:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12127:
12122:
12116:
12114:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12103:
12097:
12095:
12089:
12088:
12086:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12073:Akashat ambush
12069:
12067:
12060:
12059:
12057:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12040:
12038:
12028:
12020:
12019:
12017:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11995:
11993:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11977:
11972:
11967:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11941:
11939:
11927:
11926:
11924:
11923:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11903:
11898:
11893:
11887:
11885:
11873:
11872:
11870:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11838:
11836:
11824:
11823:
11821:
11820:
11815:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11790:
11785:
11780:
11775:
11770:
11765:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11745:
11743:Manbij bombing
11740:
11734:
11732:
11712:
11711:
11709:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11607:
11605:
11585:
11584:
11582:
11581:
11576:
11575:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11457:Aleppo bombing
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11414:
11409:
11404:
11399:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11373:
11371:
11351:
11350:
11348:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11330:Raqqa campaign
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11266:
11265:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11154:
11152:
11132:
11131:
11129:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10992:
10990:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10913:Hama Offensive
10910:
10905:
10904:
10903:
10893:
10888:
10887:
10886:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10854:Battle of Hosn
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10825:
10824:
10819:
10808:
10806:
10790:
10789:
10787:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10739:Hatla massacre
10736:
10734:Hama offensive
10731:
10726:
10725:
10724:
10714:
10709:
10708:
10707:
10697:
10692:
10691:
10690:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10664:
10662:
10646:
10645:
10643:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10626:
10625:
10618:Hama offensive
10615:
10613:Aqrab massacre
10610:
10609:
10608:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10577:
10576:
10566:
10561:
10560:
10559:
10554:
10544:
10543:
10542:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10515:Houla massacre
10512:
10507:
10506:
10505:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10474:
10472:
10452:
10451:
10449:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10423:
10422:
10421:
10416:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10359:Siege of Daraa
10356:
10351:
10345:
10343:
10323:
10322:
10320:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10297:Qamishli riots
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10263:
10261:
10249:
10248:
10236:
10235:
10232:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10225:
10224:
10219:
10213:
10211:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10142:
10140:
10136:
10135:
10133:
10132:
10127:
10121:
10119:
10118:World reaction
10115:
10114:
10112:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10085:
10083:
10079:
10078:
10076:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10054:
10052:
10048:
10047:
10045:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9978:
9976:
9975:Main overviews
9968:
9967:
9957:
9956:
9949:
9948:
9941:
9934:
9926:
9920:
9919:
9913:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9888:
9867:
9855:
9833:
9803:
9777:
9755:
9729:
9704:
9682:
9656:
9630:
9608:
9589:Zogby, James.
9581:
9569:
9558:
9536:
9522:Lebanon News.
9514:
9488:
9462:
9448:
9426:
9404:
9377:
9349:
9327:
9305:
9282:
9260:
9237:
9197:
9190:
9172:
9145:
9122:
9100:
9077:
9049:
9026:
9004:
8979:
8952:
8921:
8888:
8865:
8843:
8820:
8798:
8768:
8730:
8700:
8670:
8640:
8612:
8573:
8558:. Al Jazeera.
8547:
8532:. Al Jazeera.
8520:
8490:
8464:
8438:
8411:
8396:. 5 May 2011.
8381:
8366:. Al Jazeera.
8351:
8329:
8301:
8279:
8249:
8225:
8183:
8144:
8113:
8083:
8044:
8018:
7979:
7949:
7923:
7892:
7861:
7835:
7802:
7772:
7734:
7727:
7709:
7702:
7684:
7677:
7659:
7621:
7593:
7565:
7554:on 11 May 2011
7535:
7524:on 11 May 2011
7505:
7475:
7449:
7423:
7384:
7361:
7330:
7292:
7252:
7226:
7198:
7168:
7147:
7114:
7081:
7050:
7019:
6964:
6925:
6895:
6864:
6825:
6799:
6776:
6765:(4): 442–461.
6745:
6706:
6703:on 8 May 2010.
6684:
6662:
6625:
6594:
6587:
6565:
6537:
6510:
6484:
6459:
6425:
6392:
6358:
6337:Foreign Policy
6318:
6295:
6270:
6243:Anthony Shadid
6234:
6198:
6177:
6170:
6152:
6130:
6100:
6078:
6048:
6021:
5991:
5958:
5927:
5915:
5873:
5843:
5812:
5781:
5750:
5719:
5708:on 11 May 2011
5692:
5655:
5605:
5555:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5479:
5468:
5453:
5439:
5428:
5418:(1): 137–165.
5398:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5354:
5338:
5335:
5243:New York Times
5220:European Union
5199:
5196:
5167:media blackout
5130:
5127:
5095:Main article:
5092:
5089:
5029:European Union
5025:United Nations
4969:
4967:
4964:
4937:
4928:
4916:
4913:
4874:
4871:
4853:
4850:
4710:
4709:June–July 2011
4707:
4660:mass terrorism
4655:
4605:on 5 May 2011.
4579:
4576:
4497:
4494:
4482:
4479:
4415:Main article:
4412:
4409:
4319:Main article:
4316:
4313:
4308:occupied Golan
4260:Hafez al-Assad
4247:Maher al-Assad
4097:Main article:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4050:Iraqi conflict
4006:, independent
3973:
3970:
3911:United Nations
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3690:
3688:Lebanon's role
3685:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3582:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3548:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3501:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3106:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3041:2nd Ras al-Ayn
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2936:U.S. airstrike
2930:Baghuz Fawqani
2926:
2924:Manbij bombing
2921:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2828:3rd As-Suwayda
2825:
2823:2nd As-Suwayda
2820:
2813:
2811:1st As-Suwayda
2808:
2806:House of Cards
2803:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:SDF insurgency
2729:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2532:Southern Raqqa
2529:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2459:al-Jina mosque
2456:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2168:
2163:
2161:Northern Raqqa
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1948:Homs offensive
1945:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1722:2nd Idlib city
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:Southern Syria
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:4th Idlib Gov.
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1339:Eastern Ghouta
1335:
1334:
1333:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1295:
1290:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1098:
1095:3rd Idlib Gov.
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:Rebel advances
1040:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
997:2nd Idlib Gov.
994:
989:
984:
983:
982:
970:
969:
968:
956:
955:
954:
949:
939:
932:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
910:
908:1st Idlib City
905:
900:
892:1st Idlib Gov.
888:
887:
886:
884:Homs offensive
878:Homs (2011–14)
873:
870:
869:
857:
856:
849:
842:
834:
827:
826:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
777:
774:
773:
763:
762:
755:
748:
740:
733:
732:
730:
729:
722:
715:
714:
713:
699:
692:
683:
682:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
531:
530:
524:
521:
520:
511:
510:
503:
496:
488:
480:
479:
474:used the same
467:
466:
454:
453:
449:
448:
445:
444:
431:
429:
422:
415:
414:
410:
409:
401:
389:Maher al-Assad
382:
381:
378:
377:
373:
372:
369:
368:
366:
365:
360:
359:
358:
350:
347:
327:
325:
323:
322:
319:
314:
308:
303:
298:
293:
274:
267:
266:
262:
261:
250:
246:
245:
244:
243:
237:
235:Demonstrations
232:
227:
220:
216:
215:
214:
213:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
184:
180:
179:
178:
177:
172:
165:
162:
156:
150:
147:
144:
139:
129:
124:
117:
113:
112:
107:
105:
101:
100:
80:
76:
75:
66:
58:
57:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13525:
13514:
13511:
13509:
13506:
13504:
13501:
13499:
13496:
13494:
13491:
13489:
13486:
13484:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13474:
13471:
13469:
13466:
13464:
13461:
13459:
13458:2011 protests
13456:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13448:2011 in Syria
13446:
13444:
13441:
13440:
13438:
13423:
13415:
13414:
13411:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13358:
13356:
13352:
13346:
13343:
13342:
13340:
13336:
13330:
13327:
13325:
13322:
13320:
13317:
13315:
13312:
13310:
13307:
13305:
13302:
13300:
13297:
13295:
13292:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13268:
13265:
13264:
13263:
13260:
13258:
13255:
13253:
13250:
13249:
13247:
13245:
13244:Peace process
13241:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13200:
13197:
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13192:
13190:
13187:
13185:
13182:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13172:
13170:
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13165:
13162:
13161:
13159:
13155:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13100:
13098:
13094:
13090:
13083:
13079:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13054:
13051:
13049:
13048:Yaser Tabbara
13046:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13013:Dawoud Rajiha
13011:
13009:
13006:
13004:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12968:Ghassan Hitto
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12938:Suheir Atassi
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12918:Fida al-Sayed
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12873:Riad al-Asaad
12871:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12861:Rami Makhlouf
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12843:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12823:
12820:
12813:
12809:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
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12757:
12755:
12752:
12748:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12713:
12711:
12709:
12708:Islamic State
12705:
12702:
12700:
12696:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
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12656:
12650:
12647:
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12627:
12625:
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12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
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12598:
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12589:
12587:
12584:
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12579:
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12570:
12567:
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12559:
12549:
12546:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
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12526:
12525:
12523:
12521:
12517:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12496:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12485:Army of Glory
12483:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12467:
12465:
12461:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
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12440:
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12432:
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12427:
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12415:
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12410:
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12398:
12396:
12392:
12382:
12379:
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12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12356:
12355:
12352:
12348:
12345:
12344:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12334:
12332:
12330:
12326:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12310:
12307:
12305:
12302:
12300:
12297:
12296:
12294:
12290:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12265:
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12261:
12257:
12254:
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12216:
12213:
12212:
12210:
12206:
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12177:
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12167:
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12147:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12133:
12131:
12128:
12126:
12123:
12121:
12118:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12108:
12102:
12099:
12098:
12096:
12094:
12090:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12061:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12026:
12021:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11996:
11994:
11992:
11987:
11982:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11963:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11942:
11940:
11938:
11933:
11928:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11916:Daraa clashes
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11904:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11888:
11886:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11847:Afrin bombing
11845:
11843:
11840:
11839:
11837:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11819:
11818:US airstrikes
11816:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11776:
11774:
11773:June bombings
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11735:
11733:
11731:
11727:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
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11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11608:
11606:
11604:
11600:
11596:
11591:
11586:
11580:
11577:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11554:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11410:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11400:
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11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11370:
11366:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
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11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11264:
11261:
11260:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
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11189:
11186:
11184:
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11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11151:
11147:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10993:
10991:
10989:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10902:
10899:
10898:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10885:
10882:
10881:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10839:Maan massacre
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10814:
10813:
10810:
10809:
10807:
10805:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10754:Adra massacre
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10723:
10720:
10719:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10706:
10703:
10702:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10665:
10663:
10661:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10624:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10548:
10545:
10541:
10538:
10537:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10504:
10501:
10500:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10475:
10473:
10471:
10467:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10411:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10389:Siege of Homs
10387:
10385:
10384:Siege of Hama
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10346:
10344:
10342:
10338:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10260:
10259:
10254:
10250:
10246:
10241:
10237:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10214:
10212:
10208:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
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10169:
10167:
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10162:
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10137:
10131:
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10122:
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10116:
10110:
10107:
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10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
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10090:
10087:
10086:
10084:
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10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10049:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10017:Belligerents
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9979:
9977:
9973:
9969:
9962:
9958:
9954:
9947:
9942:
9940:
9935:
9933:
9928:
9927:
9924:
9916:
9910:
9906:
9902:
9897:
9896:
9885:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9872:
9864:
9859:
9843:
9837:
9822:
9821:National Post
9818:
9817:News - Reuter
9814:
9807:
9791:
9787:
9781:
9765:
9759:
9744:
9740:
9733:
9717:
9711:
9709:
9692:
9686:
9671:
9667:
9660:
9644:
9640:
9634:
9618:
9612:
9596:
9592:
9585:
9578:
9573:
9567:
9562:
9546:
9540:
9525:
9518:
9502:
9498:
9492:
9476:
9472:
9466:
9458:
9452:
9436:
9430:
9414:
9408:
9392:
9388:
9381:
9366:
9365:
9360:
9353:
9337:
9331:
9323:
9319:
9315:
9309:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9286:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9264:
9256:
9252:
9248:
9241:
9233:
9227:
9212:
9208:
9201:
9193:
9187:
9183:
9176:
9160:
9156:
9149:
9141:
9137:
9133:
9126:
9118:
9114:
9110:
9104:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9081:
9070:
9066:
9059:
9053:
9045:
9041:
9037:
9030:
9014:
9008:
8993:
8989:
8983:
8967:
8963:
8956:
8940:
8936:
8932:
8925:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8895:
8893:
8884:
8880:
8876:
8869:
8861:
8857:
8853:
8847:
8839:
8835:
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8824:
8808:
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8786:
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8772:
8756:
8752:
8748:
8744:
8740:
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8718:
8714:
8710:
8704:
8688:
8684:
8680:
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8644:
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8629:
8622:
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8600:
8596:
8592:
8588:
8584:
8577:
8561:
8557:
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8535:
8531:
8524:
8508:
8504:
8500:
8494:
8478:
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8468:
8453:
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8442:
8426:
8422:
8415:
8399:
8395:
8391:
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8318:
8311:
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8213:
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8117:
8101:
8097:
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8059:
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8022:
8006:
8002:
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7990:
7983:
7967:
7963:
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7953:
7937:
7933:
7927:
7911:
7907:
7903:
7896:
7880:
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7872:
7865:
7849:
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7839:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7809:
7807:
7790:
7786:
7782:
7776:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7738:
7730:
7724:
7720:
7713:
7705:
7699:
7695:
7688:
7680:
7674:
7670:
7663:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7625:
7614:
7610:
7603:
7597:
7586:
7582:
7575:
7569:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7539:
7523:
7519:
7515:
7509:
7493:
7490:(in Arabic).
7489:
7485:
7479:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7456:
7454:
7437:
7433:
7427:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7388:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7365:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7334:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7302:
7296:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7259:
7257:
7240:
7236:
7230:
7215:
7211:
7210:
7202:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7172:
7157:
7151:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7119:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7069:
7065:
7061:
7054:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7023:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6968:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6929:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6899:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6868:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6829:
6813:
6809:
6803:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6780:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6749:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6710:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6680:
6676:
6675:The Economist
6672:
6666:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6632:
6630:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6598:
6590:
6588:9781471129827
6584:
6580:
6576:
6569:
6558:
6554:
6547:
6541:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6491:
6489:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6466:
6464:
6456:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6429:
6422:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6389:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6354:dictatorship.
6342:
6338:
6334:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6299:
6291:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6274:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6244:
6238:
6231:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6202:
6194:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6173:
6171:9781452561226
6167:
6163:
6156:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6118:
6114:
6113:The Telegraph
6110:
6104:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5963:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5931:
5925:, p. 21.
5924:
5923:Cooper (2015)
5919:
5911:
5905:
5898:
5893:
5886:
5885:
5877:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5847:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5816:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5754:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5723:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5688:
5682:
5675:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5559:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5526:
5522:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5355:
5352:
5346:
5341:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5276:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5249:On 22 March,
5247:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5209:
5204:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5185:
5179:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5144:Carlos Latuff
5141:
5136:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4974:United States
4963:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4944:
4935:
4926:
4921:
4912:
4910:
4905:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:William Hague
4840:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4765:
4757:
4751:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4727:flag of Syria
4706:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4674:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4652:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4604:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4543:By 28 April,
4541:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4529:
4528:Assad dynasty
4525:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4502:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4074:Hosni Mubarak
4070:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:The Economist
4032:
4027:
4025:
4024:secret police
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3946:shoot-to-kill
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3922:secret police
3919:
3914:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:May 2015 raid
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3628:
3627:Israel's role
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3459:Andrei Karlov
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:Kurdish riots
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3080:Spring Shield
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3047:Kayla Mueller
3045:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2877:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2781:Northern Homs
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2659:
2658:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2605:2nd Abu Kamal
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2558:Central Syria
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:Khan Shaykhun
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2441:Islamic State
2433:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:Azaz bombings
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:1st Abu Kamal
2222:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:2nd Tel Abyad
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Homs bombings
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Orontes River
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:5th Idlib Gov
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1615:ISIL advances
1612:
1608:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1540:Tabqa Airbase
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:2nd Wadi Deif
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1457:
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1336:
1332:
1331:2nd al-Qusayr
1329:
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1322:
1318:
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1313:
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1234:
1231:
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1226:
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1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:Quneitra Gov.
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:al-Yaarubiyah
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1137:Khan al-Assal
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1073:Northern Homs
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1019:
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1015:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
993:
992:1st al-Qusayr
990:
988:
985:
981:
978:
977:
976:
975:
971:
967:
964:
963:
962:
961:
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918:
914:
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904:
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871:
865:
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850:
848:
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836:
835:
832:
822:
819:
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664:
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623:
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532:
529:
526:
525:
522:
518:
509:
504:
502:
497:
495:
490:
489:
486:
477:
476:flag of Syria
473:
468:
464:
459:
455:
450:
441:
436:
430:
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420:
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411:
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353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
341:
338:
326:
320:
318:
315:
312:
309:
307:
306:Syrian Police
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
287:
285:
280:
273:
272:
268:
263:
259:
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236:
233:
231:
228:
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212:
208:
205:
202:
199:
197:Regime change
196:
193:
191:
187:
186:
185:
181:
176:
173:
170:
166:
163:
160:
157:
155:
152:Clampdown on
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
134:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
119:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
81:
77:
73:18 April 2011
70:
64:
59:
56:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
13304:Vienna talks
12978:Randa Kassis
12953:Farid Ghadry
12928:Khaled Khoja
12923:Riad al-Turk
12731:Liwa al-Aqsa
12601:SDF militias
12543:Saudi Arabia
12369:Wagner Group
12242:Belligerents
12024:
11985:
11931:
11877:
11828:
11793:Barisha raid
11716:
11589:
11355:
11136:
10978:
10794:
10650:
10456:
10327:
10257:
10088:
9900:
9881:
9858:
9846:. Retrieved
9836:
9824:. Retrieved
9816:
9806:
9794:. Retrieved
9789:
9780:
9768:. Retrieved
9758:
9746:. Retrieved
9742:
9732:
9720:. Retrieved
9695:. Retrieved
9685:
9673:. Retrieved
9669:
9659:
9647:. Retrieved
9643:the original
9633:
9621:. Retrieved
9611:
9599:. Retrieved
9595:the original
9584:
9572:
9561:
9549:. Retrieved
9539:
9527:. Retrieved
9517:
9505:. Retrieved
9491:
9479:. Retrieved
9475:the original
9465:
9451:
9439:. Retrieved
9429:
9417:. Retrieved
9407:
9395:. Retrieved
9391:The Guardian
9390:
9380:
9368:. Retrieved
9362:
9352:
9340:. Retrieved
9330:
9322:the original
9317:
9308:
9300:the original
9295:
9285:
9277:the original
9273:The Guardian
9272:
9263:
9255:the original
9250:
9240:
9214:. Retrieved
9210:
9200:
9181:
9175:
9163:. Retrieved
9159:the original
9148:
9140:the original
9135:
9125:
9117:the original
9112:
9103:
9095:the original
9090:
9080:
9069:the original
9064:
9052:
9044:the original
9039:
9029:
9017:. Retrieved
9007:
8995:. Retrieved
8991:
8988:"Syria News"
8982:
8970:. Retrieved
8965:
8955:
8943:. Retrieved
8939:the original
8934:
8924:
8912:. Retrieved
8908:the original
8903:
8883:the original
8879:The Guardian
8878:
8868:
8860:the original
8855:
8846:
8838:the original
8833:
8823:
8811:. Retrieved
8801:
8789:. Retrieved
8780:
8771:
8759:. Retrieved
8742:
8733:
8721:. Retrieved
8712:
8703:
8691:. Retrieved
8682:
8673:
8661:. Retrieved
8652:
8643:
8632:the original
8627:
8615:
8603:. Retrieved
8599:the original
8586:
8576:
8566:29 September
8564:. Retrieved
8550:
8538:. Retrieved
8523:
8511:. Retrieved
8502:
8493:
8481:. Retrieved
8477:the original
8467:
8455:. Retrieved
8451:
8441:
8429:. Retrieved
8414:
8402:. Retrieved
8393:
8384:
8372:. Retrieved
8346:the original
8341:
8332:
8321:the original
8316:
8304:
8296:the original
8291:
8282:
8270:. Retrieved
8261:
8252:
8216:. Retrieved
8199:
8176:20 September
8174:. Retrieved
8157:
8147:
8135:. Retrieved
8126:
8116:
8104:. Retrieved
8095:
8086:
8074:. Retrieved
8058:The Guardian
8057:
8047:
8035:. Retrieved
8031:the original
8021:
8009:. Retrieved
7993:The Guardian
7992:
7982:
7970:. Retrieved
7961:
7952:
7940:. Retrieved
7936:the original
7926:
7914:. Retrieved
7905:
7895:
7883:. Retrieved
7874:
7864:
7854:23 September
7852:. Retrieved
7838:
7826:. Retrieved
7822:the original
7817:
7793:. Retrieved
7784:
7775:
7763:. Retrieved
7746:
7737:
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7712:
7693:
7687:
7668:
7662:
7650:. Retrieved
7633:
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7613:the original
7608:
7596:
7585:the original
7580:
7568:
7556:. Retrieved
7552:the original
7547:
7538:
7526:. Retrieved
7522:the original
7517:
7508:
7496:. Retrieved
7487:
7478:
7470:the original
7465:
7440:. Retrieved
7435:
7426:
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7397:
7387:
7379:the original
7374:
7364:
7352:. Retrieved
7343:
7333:
7321:. Retrieved
7304:
7295:
7283:. Retrieved
7271:
7243:. Retrieved
7229:
7218:, retrieved
7208:
7201:
7189:. Retrieved
7171:
7159:. Retrieved
7150:
7138:. Retrieved
7129:
7105:. Retrieved
7096:
7072:. Retrieved
7063:
7053:
7041:. Retrieved
7032:
7022:
7009:the original
6983:
6977:
6967:
6955:. Retrieved
6938:
6928:
6916:. Retrieved
6907:
6898:
6886:. Retrieved
6882:the original
6877:
6867:
6855:. Retrieved
6838:
6828:
6816:. Retrieved
6811:
6802:
6794:the original
6789:
6779:
6762:
6758:
6748:
6736:. Retrieved
6719:
6709:
6701:the original
6696:
6687:
6679:the original
6674:
6665:
6653:. Retrieved
6641:
6616:. Retrieved
6607:
6597:
6574:
6568:
6557:the original
6552:
6540:
6532:the original
6527:
6505:the original
6500:
6479:the original
6474:
6453:
6446:. Retrieved
6442:the original
6437:
6428:
6420:
6413:. Retrieved
6409:the original
6404:
6395:
6387:
6380:. Retrieved
6376:the original
6371:
6361:
6352:
6345:. Retrieved
6341:the original
6336:
6313:the original
6309:Syria Direct
6308:
6298:
6290:the original
6283:
6273:
6261:. Retrieved
6250:
6237:
6229:
6222:. Retrieved
6211:
6201:
6192:
6161:
6155:
6147:the original
6142:
6133:
6121:. Retrieved
6112:
6103:
6095:the original
6090:
6081:
6069:. Retrieved
6060:
6051:
6039:. Retrieved
6035:the original
6024:
6012:. Retrieved
6003:
5994:
5982:. Retrieved
5973:
5949:. Retrieved
5945:the original
5940:
5930:
5918:
5895:
5883:
5876:
5864:. Retrieved
5855:
5846:
5834:. Retrieved
5825:
5815:
5803:. Retrieved
5794:
5784:
5772:. Retrieved
5763:
5753:
5741:. Retrieved
5737:the original
5732:
5722:
5710:. Retrieved
5706:the original
5695:
5672:
5664:
5658:
5650:
5622:
5618:
5608:
5600:
5572:
5568:
5558:
5546:. Retrieved
5537:The Guardian
5535:
5525:
5496:
5486:
5475:
5464:
5460:
5449:
5435:
5415:
5411:
5402:
5323:
5299:
5280:
5248:
5232:
5213:
5180:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5111:Assad regime
5100:
5066:
5050:
5018:
5003:
4990:barrel bombs
4986:Assad regime
4971:
4948:
4906:
4882:
4862:Assad regime
4832:
4810:
4799:
4795:
4783:
4768:
4761:
4755:
4734:
4680:
4678:
4673:Ricken Patel
4669:
4657:
4639:
4628:
4608:
4562:
4553:
4542:
4532:
4521:
4507:
4475:
4452:
4448:
4439:Ba'ath party
4429:, 6 May 2011
4394:
4374:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4340:Ba'ath party
4336:
4301:
4296:
4264:
4255:
4240:
4235:
4232:
4227:Ba'ath Party
4223:Omari Mosque
4216:
4176:
4138:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4071:
4062:Assad family
4054:Ba'ath party
4047:
4035:
4028:
3996:police state
3985:
3915:
3903:
3900:
3872:
3860:Assad family
3843:
3839:
3837:
3632:
3631:
3573:
3572:
3540:
3416:Western Iraq
3235:
3203:
3164:3rd Qamishli
3078:
3066:
3036:Peace Spring
3034:
3007:
2984:
2928:
2916:
2833:2nd Qamishli
2815:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2750:
2731:
2721:Olive Branch
2719:
2700:
2678:
2671:
2653:
2582:
2575:
2570:4th Qalamoun
2568:
2556:
2552:5th Quneitra
2519:
2482:
2470:
2463:
2341:
2334:
2315:Khan al-Shih
2295:4th Quneitra
2272:
2248:
2229:3rd Qamishli
2194:
2170:
2141:1st Qamishli
2100:
1999:
1952:
1935:
1926:
1919:
1910:3rd Quneitra
1902:
1837:Douma market
1824:
1815:2nd Zabadani
1785:2nd Quneitra
1772:
1755:
1751:3rd Qalamoun
1743:
1714:
1627:
1561:
1557:1st Quneitra
1532:
1520:
1509:2nd Qalamoun
1454:
1437:
1376:1st Qalamoun
1374:
1337:
1323:
1314:
1297:
1280:
1275:2nd Damascus
1273:
1239:
1161:
1155:
1141:
1114:
1105:
1101:1st Damascus
1093:
1071:
1045:UN ceasefire
972:
958:
947:1st Zabadani
934:
890:
876:
724:
717:
708:
701:
694:
687:
463:Total deaths
462:
457:
437:(by 28 July)
432:
423:
403:
402:
383:
376:Lead figures
328:
311:Ba'ath Party
275:
127:Unemployment
49:Part of the
36:
13376:Syria Files
13058:Rami Jarrah
12988:Michel Kilo
12973:Salim Idris
12948:Aref Dalila
12721:Dokumacılar
12510:Grey Wolves
12009:Hama attack
9893:Works cited
9848:25 November
9826:26 November
9796:24 November
9770:12 November
9748:12 November
9601:24 November
9165:19 November
8856:Independent
8791:22 February
8781:Global Post
8761:10 February
8540:22 December
8374:22 December
8106:10 February
8076:10 February
8037:13 November
7942:22 February
7558:12 February
7528:12 February
7498:12 February
7466:Global Post
7375:Global Post
7323:10 February
7220:17 February
7140:17 February
7074:10 February
7043:17 February
6957:10 February
6888:10 February
6857:10 February
6655:17 February
6618:10 February
6029:Story, AP.
6014:10 February
5951:10 February
5378:Arab Spring
5351:Asia portal
5233:On 9 July,
5216:Arab League
5115:Deir-al-zor
5021:Arab League
4976:passed the
4909:Eid ul-Fitr
4731:Arab Spring
4644:village in
4642:Al-Mastumah
4622:, Latakia,
4411:Concessions
4388:-dominated
4183:Arab Spring
4135:Arab Spring
4111:" (trans. "
4056:elites and
4008:journalists
3988:Arab Spring
3852:Arab Spring
3015:Tell Rifaat
2369:5th Palmyra
2354:Wadi Barada
2349:4th Palmyra
2047:3rd Palmyra
2012:Al-Shaddadi
1970:Tishrin Dam
1820:2nd Palmyra
1757:1st Palmyra
1680:An-26 crash
1233:2nd Darayya
1207:1st Darayya
974:Aleppo Gov.
301:Syrian Navy
296:Syrian Army
260:by mid-2012
51:Arab Spring
13463:2011 riots
13437:Categories
13164:Casualties
12753:and allies
12741:Liwa Dawud
12395:Opposition
12208:Elsewhere:
10948:Idlib Raid
10258:Background
10104:Ceasefires
9397:20 January
9251:Al Jazeera
9019:1 February
8693:20 January
8663:9 February
8513:9 February
8503:Al Jazeera
8483:8 December
8452:Al Jazeera
8404:20 January
7828:9 February
7548:Free Syria
7518:Free Syria
7442:15 October
7416:28 January
7191:27 January
6818:3 February
5856:Al Jazeera
5743:9 February
5540:. London.
5518:References
5412:Boundary 2
5192:Ali Farzat
5171:free press
5133:See also:
5107:Al-Suwayda
5079:to launch
4844:condemned
4764:opposition
4682:mukhabarat
4582:See also:
4563:mukhabarat
4510:resistance
4496:April 2011
4366:anti-Sunni
4147:Atef Najib
4066:corruption
4000:Arab World
3976:See also:
3972:Background
3856:Arab world
3199:Claw-Sword
3169:11th Daraa
3093:10th Daraa
1965:Tell Tamer
1805:2nd Kobanî
1790:2nd Sarrin
1774:Tell Abyad
1700:1st Sarrin
1645:2nd Safira
1499:Al-Malihah
1264:1st Safira
1191:Tell Abyad
1174:Ras al-Ayn
1089:Al-Tremseh
1062:3rd Rastan
987:2nd Rastan
936:Daraa Gov.
920:1st Rastan
696:Casualties
397:Atef Najib
337:Opposition
284:Government
254:resistance
241:defections
171:'s prisons
94:2012-06-12
86:2011-03-15
13209:Massacres
13096:Elections
13033:Riad Seif
12699:Islamists
12025:Spillover
10272:1966 coup
10267:1963 coup
10027:Spillover
9997:Timeline
9965:Overviews
9697:18 August
9216:25 August
9113:France 24
8972:14 August
8751:0362-4331
8595:0099-9660
8457:17 August
8208:0362-4331
8166:0362-4331
8066:0261-3077
8001:0261-3077
7755:0362-4331
7642:0362-4331
7406:0362-4331
7313:0362-4331
7245:18 August
7004:143177306
6990:: 33–58.
6947:0362-4331
6847:0099-9660
6728:0362-4331
6650:0190-8286
6438:France 24
6263:25 August
6071:17 August
5904:cite book
5681:cite book
5647:143177306
5597:144558644
5500:Sources:
5406:Sources:
5228:Talkalakh
4994:sarin gas
4966:Aftermath
4620:Talkalakh
4561:Baathist
4397:Al-Rastan
4315:Crackdown
4004:civilians
3942:hospitals
3926:massacres
3888:civil war
3864:Ba'athist
3800:Talkalakh
3406:al-Shabah
2696:Beit Jinn
2527:9th Daraa
2521:2nd Raqqa
2515:East Hama
2399:8th Daraa
2389:7th Daraa
2131:Al-Dumayr
2121:6th Daraa
1795:5th Daraa
1286:1st Raqqa
1084:Al-Qubeir
1079:Al-Haffah
925:Hama Gov.
796:Talkalakh
726:Massacres
719:Terrorism
313:militants
116:Caused by
13422:Category
13214:Refugees
12751:al-Qaeda
10245:Timeline
9905:Solihull
9722:7 August
9675:5 August
9623:22 March
9529:17 March
9501:Ynetnews
9481:22 March
9441:22 March
9419:7 August
9393:. London
9370:19 March
9342:6 August
9226:cite web
8997:2 August
8914:3 August
8785:Archived
8755:Archived
8723:3 August
8717:Archived
8713:BBC News
8687:Archived
8683:BBC News
8657:Archived
8560:Archived
8534:Archived
8507:Archived
8425:Archived
8398:Archived
8394:BBC News
8368:Archived
8272:11 April
8266:Archived
8218:26 April
8212:Archived
8170:Archived
8137:21 April
8131:Archived
8100:Archived
8096:BBC News
8070:Archived
8005:Archived
7972:25 March
7966:Archived
7916:19 March
7910:Archived
7885:22 April
7879:Archived
7848:Archived
7795:2 August
7789:Archived
7765:3 August
7759:Archived
7652:3 August
7646:Archived
7492:Archived
7410:Archived
7354:3 August
7348:Archived
7317:Archived
7276:Archived
7239:Archived
7214:archived
7185:Archived
7161:22 April
7134:Archived
7107:7 August
7101:Archived
7097:BBC News
7068:Archived
7064:BBC News
7037:Archived
6951:Archived
6918:15 March
6912:Archived
6908:BBC News
6851:Archived
6812:NBC News
6771:41857946
6738:23 April
6732:Archived
6612:Archived
6528:UN:OHCHR
6475:BBC News
6448:22 March
6415:22 March
6382:22 March
6347:22 March
6257:Archived
6224:15 April
6218:Archived
6123:18 March
6117:Archived
6065:Archived
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5978:Archived
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5860:Archived
5836:25 March
5830:Archived
5799:Archived
5795:ABC News
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5768:Archived
5712:20 April
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5589:24523162
5548:10 April
5542:Archived
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4664:tortured
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4207:Facebook
4203:Damascus
4188:Damascus
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12309:PFLP-GC
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11991:Jan-Dec
11937:Jan–Dec
11883:Jan–Dec
11834:Jan–Dec
11730:Sep–Dec
11726:May–Aug
11722:Jan–Apr
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11599:May–Aug
11595:Jan–Apr
11369:Sep–Dec
11365:May–Aug
11361:Jan–Apr
11150:Sep–Dec
11146:May–Aug
11142:Jan–Apr
10988:Aug–Dec
10984:Jan–Jul
10804:Aug–Dec
10800:Jan–Jul
10660:May–Dec
10656:Jan–Apr
10470:Sep–Dec
10466:May–Aug
10462:Jan–Apr
10341:Sep–Dec
10337:May–Aug
10333:Jan–Apr
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5984:26 June
5941:Reuters
5805:5 March
5764:Reuters
5306:Reuters
5287:Lebanon
5152:killing
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4378:warrant
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4348:Shabiha
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11932:2022
11878:2021
11829:2020
11717:2019
11590:2018
11356:2017
11137:2016
10979:2015
10795:2014
10651:2013
10457:2012
10328:2011
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9850:2011
9828:2011
9798:2011
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9724:2011
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9677:2011
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8568:2013
8542:2018
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8459:2012
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8406:2012
8376:2018
8274:2012
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8178:2012
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8139:2011
8108:2017
8078:2017
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8039:2011
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7997:ISSN
7974:2011
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7887:2011
7856:2012
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7698:ISBN
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7654:2012
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7402:ISSN
7356:2012
7325:2017
7309:ISSN
7287:2013
7247:2015
7222:2016
7193:2014
7163:2018
7142:2016
7109:2015
7076:2017
7045:2016
6959:2017
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6920:2013
6890:2017
6859:2017
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6820:2011
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6657:2016
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