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limits on the number of foreign films able to be shown per theatre per year, but this was mostly due to the growth of the Korean entertainment industry, which quadrupled in size during this period. In the theaters, Korean films must be played for 73 days per year since 2006, a similar restriction that exists in countries like the UK and France. On cable TV 25% domestic film quota will be reduced to 20% after KOR-US FTA. It has been noted that Korean movies have consistently outperformed foreign with very few exceptions in the Korean box office.
1030:
war, he changed his name to Dr. Huyung, married an
Indonesian woman with whom he had two sons, and produced three important Indonesian films. Before his death in 1952, he told a close friend, "If I returned to Japan now there wouldn't be any jobs for me and if I returned to Korea, I'd most likely be branded a Japanese collaborator." Although the Japanese Colonial Administration officially banned the Korean language, the Japanese film studios operating in Korea continued to make films with characters who spoke it until the end of the war.
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564:, "Motion pictures have finally been introduced into Joseon, a country located in the Far East. At the beginning of October 1897, motion pictures were screened for the public in Jingogae, Bukchon, in a shabby barrack that was borrowed from its Chinese owner for three days. The works screened included short films and actuality films produced by France's
938:
Imported films largely replaced domestic films, although with Korean
General Law No. 40 of 1933, the Japanese mandated that all foreign films distributed in Korea should be imported through Japan. “Although some of them were very popular with Korean audiences, the supply was limited overall, and some
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promoted the "volunteer" enlistment of
Koreans into the imperial Japanese Army and carried as a subplot the interracial marriage between a Japanese woman and a Korean man. After the film was completed, Hae went to Java in Indonesia where he continued to make documentaries for the Japanese. After the
1020:
or "Japan and Korea as one body." Although
Japanese film production in Korea began in the early 1930s, total mobilization and consolidation of the Korean film industry under the Japanese would not begin until after Japan's full-scale invasion of China in 1937. Film was an important way by which the
1126:
In a comparison of the number of films produced in Korea, there were 166 films produced in the early period from 1919 to 1945, 86 films produced in the period from 1946 to 1953 and 2,021 films produced in the period from 1954 to 1970. The tax exemption measures, the introduction of the latest film
990:
Korea was one of Japan's first and most important centers of colonial film production. Japanese-sponsored shorts, newsreels, and feature films heavily promoted cultural assimilation to colonized Korean audiences. To this end the Korean
Colonial Cinema Unit (朝鮮総督府キネマ) was established to produce and
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The first half of the 1930s saw a decline in the domestic film industry in Korea. Censorship and oppression on the part of the occupying authorities played a part in reducing the number of films produced at this time to only two or three per year, and some filmmakers fled Korea for the more robust
527:
South Korean films enjoyed a "Golden age" during the late 1950s and 1960s, but by the 1970s had become generally considered to be of low quality. Nonetheless, by 2005 South Korea became a nation that watched more domestic than imported films in theatres. This was partially a result of laws placing
1197:
The introduction of the import quota system for foreign films and the consequent import regulations under the 1970s prompted fierce competition to win the right to import foreign films rather than the development of Korean films, and the fall of Korean films began slowly in the mid-70s.
748:), as well as five other short films. The documentary aired until the 1930s in Germany and Austria, and was largely forgotten about until it was rediscovered in the late 1970s by South Korean researchers. The film has since been digitized and is now available for free online.
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captured some of the most footage of Korea ever by a single person by that point. He did this in order to document Korean culture in case it was wiped out by the
Japanese colonization. He then returned to Bavaria and edited the footage into a feature-length documentary,
829:
inspired a burst of activity in the Korean film industry in the late 1920s, causing this period to become known as "The Golden Era of Silent Films". More than seventy films were produced at this time, and the quality of film improved as well as the quantity.
686:, an October 27, 1919 kino-drama (stageplay with a film backdrop) is widely considered the first Korean film, although this label is disputed. It premiered at Dansungsa, on the same day and just after the premiere of the companion documentary film
523:
to domestic governmental interference. While both countries have relatively robust film industries today, only South Korean films have achieved wide international acclaim. North Korean films tend to portray their communist or revolutionary themes.
1021:
Japanese maintained colonial control in Korea through the promotion of assimilationist policies. For example, in 1941 Japan's
Shochiku Studios together with the Japanese-sponsored Korean Military Information Division co-produced the film
817:
also functioned "as a cultural intermediary during the Korean audience’s film-viewing experience, and utilized his narration to complement censorship or technological limitations during the silent film period." Some of the more popular
808:
tradition in Korea, when
Japanese authorities were not present the narrators could inject satire and criticism of the occupation into the film narrative, giving the film a political subtext invisible to Japanese government censors. The
693:
For the next few years, film production in Korea consisted of the kino dramas and documentaries. As with the first showing of a film in Korea, the first feature film produced in Korea also appears to be unclear. Some name a filming of
632:) in 1895, is the first. Before the creation of a domestic film industry, films imported from Europe and the United States were shown in Korean theaters. Some of the imported films of the era most popular with Korean audiences were
1011:
Japanese film censors replaced
American and European films with Japanese films as part of the larger colonial project to culturally colonize Korea. Japanese films set in Korea appealed to audiences in Japan as a form of exotica.
1182:(겨울여자) in 1977. The emergence of Lee Jang-ho, Kim Ho-seon and Ha Gil-jong in the 70s was part of a generational shift in directors and a prediction of the young directors with new senses. In 1974, director Lee Jang-ho's
1038:
Most of the movies in 1946 and 1947 right after Korea's liberation from Japan's colonial rule were films that expressed the thrill of Korea's liberation. In 1946, Choi In-kyu founded the Goryeo Film
Company and released
1007:
immediately recognized and alerted audiences to the obvious parallels between the conditions of the Jews onscreen with those of the Koreans under Japanese colonial rule resulting in the film setting off a near riot.
795:
in Japanese) appeared in Korea almost from the beginning of the showing of film in the country. As in Japan, this became an integral part to the showing of silent films, especially for imported films, where the
784:
did not have an overtly political theme. However hidden or subtle messages could be magnified through the common use of a live narrator at the theater. A newspaper article of 1908 shows that this tradition of
587:
was the first to film in Korea as part of his travelogue programs. In addition to displaying his films abroad, he showed them to the Korean royal family in 1899. An announcement in the contemporary newspaper,
998:
narrators with the coming of sound film meant that anti-authority messages could no longer be sneaked around the censors in this way. On such example occurred with the importation of the American silent film
756:
Korean film studios at this time were Japanese-operated. A hat-merchant known as Yodo Orajo established a film company called Choson Kinema Productions. After appearing in the Choson Kinema's 1926 production
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of those coming from Japan were so worn-out that the facial expressions of the actors were blurred. Narrators could nevertheless make even worn-out movies interesting and make up for a cinema’s poor offer.”
1628:
994:
Coming as they did during the mid- to late-1930s, sound films in Korea faced much harsher censorship from the Japanese government-General than did the silent films before them. Also, the loss of the
857:; 1927). He formed Na Un-gyu Productions with Bak Seong-pil for the purpose of producing films by Koreans for Koreans. Though this company was short-lived, it produced important films like
1114:(코리아) were produced. In May 1955, tax exemption measures were implemented for Korean films, which later served as a major occasion for Korean films to enjoy the heyday. Lee Kyu-hwan's
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attracted as many as 470,000 viewers alone at Kuk-do theater in Seoul and marked sixth place in the box office among all films released in the 70s. In 1975, director Kim Ho-seon's
1127:
making machine and increase of movie goers greatly encouraged filmmakers. New genres such as teen movies and literary films emerged from the early to the mid-1960s. Kim Ki-young's
596:), names another early public screening on June 23, 1903. Advertised by the Dongdaemun Electric Company, the price for admission to the viewing of scenic photography was 10
1895:
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operated as "a narrator that introduces the characters and the setting, and explains the physical actions and psychological dilemmas during silent film screenings." The
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2180:
Brian Yecies, The Korean “Cinema of Assimilation” and the Construction of Cultural Hegemony in the Final Years of Japanese Rule 日本統治下最晩年の韓国における「同化のシネマ」と文化的ヘゲモニーの構築
1098:(최후의 유혹). Returning to the capital in 1954, the filmmakers made the film persistently despite the new challenge of flooding foreign films. In 1954, Kim Seong-min's
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The number of films produced increased during the latter part of the decade. Na Woon-gyu began making a larger number of films again with significant works like
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During the Korean War in 1950, the filmmakers were once again in a time of hardship, but in 1952 a number of films were produced, including Jeon Chang-geun's
1428:
1194:(바보들의 행진) directed by Ha Gil-jong was highly acclaimed for its sensuous portrayal of the romance and wandering of youth with college students in 1975.
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1447:
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515:. As with all aspects of Korean life during the past century, the film industry has often been at the mercy of political events, from the late
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1025:(君と僕). The film was directed by a Korean Hae Yeong who had worked extensively in the Japanese film industry using the name "Hinatsu Eitaro".
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distribute a mixture of films that promoted Japanese culture and customs as well as the benefits of modernization under the Japanese.
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708:, was to become Korea's most-filmed story later. It was possibly the first Korean feature film, and was certainly the first Korean
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In the 1970s, however, the Korean film industry again faced a recession and began to look for breakthroughs with Lee Jang-ho's
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576:. However, these claims have been refuted by researcher Brian Yecies, who says that he was unable to locate such an issue of
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Roald Maliangkay, “ Dirt, Noise, and Naughtiness: Cinema and the Working Class During Korea’s Silent Film Era,”
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1987:
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South Korean Golden Age Melodrama: Gender, Genre, And National Cinema (Contemporary Approaches to Film and Television)
972:. The sound technique was reportedly poor, but Korean audiences appreciated hearing their own language in the cinema.
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2816:
2718:
2627:
1997:
1016:(望楼の決死隊, 1943), for instance, was one of several propaganda features that promoted the Japanese occupation notion of
1003:(1927) into Korea. While Japanese colonial censors failed to find anything possibly inflammatory about the film, the
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Korean K-dramas and Hallyu films are #Alive and well, but Bollywood hits rock Bellbottom amid coronavirus slump
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610:, which opened in Seoul in November 1907, is widely considered the first theater. However, a 2021 article in
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Areum Jeong, “How the Byeonsa Stole the Show: The Performance of the Korean Silent Film Narrators,”
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1939:
1629:"Century of Korean film: 100 years after first local movie, industry makes history on global stage"
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1764:"The Establishment of a National Cinema Under Colonialism: The History of Early Korean Cinema"
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732:("Plighted Love Under the Moon"), released in April, 1923, as the first Korean feature film.
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956:. Increasing governmental censorship meant that commentators have called this the last pre-
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2435:(2005), ed. by Chi-Yun Shin and Julian Stringer. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
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There are several competing claims for which is the first movie theater in the country.
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704:) in 1921 (released in 1922) as the first Korean feature film. The traditional story,
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34:
1571:["We Can't Let Korea's First Movie Theater, 'Ae Kwan Theater', Disappear"].
910:
Shim died at the age of 35 while directing his second film, based on his own novel,
767:
got the chance to write, direct and star in his own film. The release of Na's film,
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690:. The anniversary of its release is now considered Korean Film Day in South Korea.
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Korea's first film studio, Dongdaemun Motion Picture Studio, was opened in 1903.
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321:
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137:
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2801:
2703:
2485:
Korean Film Council's YouTube Channel with old Korean films subtitled in English
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1043:(자유만세), which was a huge success in the box office, followed by Lee Gu-young's
633:
516:
352:
299:
142:
92:
2034:
4809:
4125:
3937:
3902:
2637:
1573:
1311:
736:
644:
612:
584:
568:". There are reports of another showing of a film to the public in 1898 near
222:
1989:
Korea's Occupied Cinemas, 1893–1948: The Untold History of the Film Industry
4793:
3932:
3877:
3862:
3476:
1846:
1331:
1301:
983:
923:
919:
717:
580:, or any similar article, and considers the 1897 introduction date a myth.
251:
185:
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3942:
1874:
1737:
1321:
1248:
1167:(독 짓는 늙은이) in 1969 improved the quality of Korean films. Jung So-young's
1133:
was released in 1960. Shin Seong-il earned stardom through films such as
953:
764:
512:
508:
344:
83:
2019:
1336:
1190:(영자의 전성시대) was also a huge box office hit, attracting 360,000 viewers.
1118:(춘향전) was released in 1955 and caused the renaissance of Korean films.
859:
801:
759:
713:
709:
659:
520:
168:
1870:"Newly discovered films shed light on Korean life under Japanese rule"
3959:
2876:
607:
569:
560:
362:
536:
2242:
The Attractive Empire: Transnational Film Culture in Imperial Japan
2152:
The Attractive Empire: Transnational Film Culture in Imperial Japan
1598:"Centennial of Korean cinema - From humble beginnings to mega hits"
1067:(새로운 맹세) were released. The following year, in 1948, Choi In-kyu's
895:
800:
provided an economical and entertaining alternative to translating
2499:
2416:
Korean Film : History, Resistance, and Democratic Imagination
2093:
Korean Film : History, Resistance, and Democratic Imagination
565:
1481:"(49) Motion picture first came to Korea at turn of 20th century"
1156:
849:
839:
777:
721:
440:
424:
412:
393:
368:
309:
234:
125:
906:). Though the reviews for this film were as strong as those for
3445:
2642:
1341:
1266:
786:
337:
304:
229:
2458:
Wade, James (1983). "The Cinema in Korea: A Robust Invalid".
1711:
Wade, James (1983). "The Cinema in Korea: A Robust Invalid".
751:
573:
276:
109:
2376:"Classifying Performances: The Art of Korean Film Narrators"
1932:"Classifying Performances: The Art of Korean Film Narrators"
1398:"U.S. Films Troubled by New Sabotage in South Korea Theater"
44:
Needs more references, formatting and grammar improvements.
724:
version of Chunhyang brought the number of films based on
2095:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. p. 11.
1685:"S. Korean movie industry to celebrate centennial in Oct"
2413:
2090:
2070:. Motion Picture Promotion Corporation. pp. 57–59.
952:) (1932), directed by Lee Gyu-hwan (1904–1981), starred
773:(1926) is the start of the era of silent film in Korea.
2394:
2305:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
1171:(미워도 다시 한번) earned a huge success in the box office.
960:
film to present a significant nationalistic message.
1965:. Motion Picture Promotion Corporation. p. 53.
1517:
Im Kwon-Taek: The Making of a Korean National Cinema
1238:
2319:
Eclipsed Cinema: The Film Culture of Colonial Korea
1542:"Recovering the past: rare films screened in Korea"
1514:
968:Korea's first sound film was Lee Myeong-woo's 1935
929:
728:to 14. Other sources, however, name Yun Baek-nam's
1715:. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers. p. 176.
1656:"Korean cinema celebrates 100th year anniversary"
837:with popular and critically respected films like
4807:
942:Perhaps the most important film of this era was
507:") encompasses the motion picture industries of
1145:(흑맥) around this time. In 1961, Shin Sang-ok's
1033:
780:", on which its title was based, Na Woon-gyu's
688:Panoramic View of the Whole City of Gyeongseong
2414:Min, Eungjun; Joo Jinsook; Kwak HanJu (2003).
2091:Min, Eungjun; Joo Jinsook; Kwak HanJu (2003).
1515:James, David E.; Kyung Hyun Kim, eds. (2002).
1223:
1201:
963:
3461:
2515:
2418:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers.
2192:Mika Ko, Japanese Cinema and Otherness, p.138
1788:
1519:. Wayne State University Press. p. 267.
1219:List of highest-grossing films in South Korea
480:
2321:. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press.
1441:
1439:
987:(1937), before his premature death in 1937.
699:
627:
621:
549:
531:
2395:McHugh, Kathleen; Albermann, Nancy (2005).
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1395:
894:Another important director of this period,
558:According to the October 19, 1897 issue of
3468:
3454:
2522:
2508:
2373:
2117:"The story of Chun-hyang (Chunhyangjeon )"
1929:
1416:The Rise of the South Korean Film Industry
1257:Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee
918:). The novel was later filmed by director
752:The Golden Era of Silent Films (1926–1930)
487:
473:
1436:
1059:(똘똘이의 모험). Then in 1947, Yun Bong-chun's
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
2340:. Motion Picture Promotion Corporation.
2266:24 Frames: The Cinema of Japan and Korea
935:film-industry in Shanghai at this time.
535:
2378:. Image & Narrative. Archived from
2238:
2188:
2186:
2148:
2142:
1510:
1508:
822:were better-paid than the film actors.
4808:
2263:
1985:
1622:
1620:
1448:"Korean Film History and 'Chihwaseon'"
1389:
3449:
2762:
2664:
2503:
2462:. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers.
2354:
1766:. LA Trobe University. Archived from
1682:
1544:. LA Trobe University. Archived from
1539:
1453:. Korean Film Council. Archived from
1371:"Future Korean Filmmakers Visit UCLA"
1121:
2457:
2183:
1842:"독일인 신부가 수집한 겸재화첩, 50억 거절하고 한국 오기까지"
1710:
1505:
1159:, 오발탄) were produced. Lee Man-hee's
620:, which first opened as Hyŏmnyulsa (
17:
2529:
2374:Maliangkay, Roald H. (March 2005).
2335:
2316:
2282:
2065:
1960:
1930:Maliangkay, Roald H. (March 2005).
1648:
1626:
1617:
1595:
13:
2460:Korean Dance, Theater & Cinema
1805:
1735:
1713:Korean Dance, Theater & Cinema
1676:
1589:
1566:
1178:(별들의 고향) in 1974 and Kim Ho-sun's
804:. In an interesting aspect of the
14:
4827:
2478:
1896:Books Map Out Korean Film History
1839:
1627:Lee, Jae-lim (20 February 2020).
1540:Berry, Chris (18 December 1998).
1414:Roper, Willem (11 February 2020)
1277:List of Korean films of 1919–1948
4787:
4773:
3475:
3431:
3430:
2800:
2765:
2702:
2667:
2399:. Wayne State University Press.
2357:Korean Cinema: The New Hong Kong
1738:"A Short History of Korean Film"
1596:Lee, Gyu-lee (13 October 2019).
1569:""한국 최초의 영화관 '애관극장' 사라지면 안되잖아요""
1567:오, 승훈; 김, 경애 (2 November 2021).
1479:Robert Neff (12 December 2010).
1241:
1151:(사랑방 손님과 어머니) and Yu Hyun-mok's
1014:Suicide Troops of the Watchtower
930:The later silent era (1930–1935)
82:
22:
2285:Korean Dance Theater and Cinema
2221:
2208:
2195:
2174:
2109:
2084:
2059:
2046:
2028:
2013:
1979:
1954:
1923:
1910:
1901:
1889:
1862:
1833:
1782:
1761:
1755:
1729:
1704:
1445:
1163:(만추) in 1966 and Choi Ha-won's
1055:(해방된 내 고향), and Lee Kyu-hwan's
746:In the Land of the Morning Calm
583:American traveler and lecturer
2490:Korean Film Archive collection
1560:
1533:
1472:
1421:
1408:
1363:
700:
628:
622:
616:claims that the Incheon-based
550:
1:
2546:List of Korean-language films
1427:Tai, Crystal (5 August 2020)
1352:
1272:List of Korean-language films
1212:
461:100 Cultural Symbols of Korea
2448:"On Korean Documentary Film"
2338:The History of Korean Cinema
2268:. London: Wallflower Press.
2068:The History of Korean Cinema
1963:The History of Korean Cinema
1683:Boram, Kim (17 April 2019).
1396:Sam Jameson (19 June 1989).
1184:Heavenly homecoming of Stars
1176:Heavenly Homecoming of Stars
1148:The Houseguest and My Mother
1094:(악야), and Jeong Chang-hwa's
1063:(유관순) and Shin Kyung-kyun's
1051:(윤봉길 의사), Jeon Chang-geun's
1034:After Liberation (1945-1954)
7:
2303:Rediscovering Korean Cinema
2301:Lee, Sangjon (ed.) (2019).
2247:University of Hawai'i Press
2157:University of Hawai'i Press
1792:In the Land of Morning Calm
1234:
1224:Divided Korea ― North Korea
1202:Divided Korea ― South Korea
1110:(출격명령), and Shin Sang-ok's
1047:(안중근 사기), Yoon Bong-chun's
964:Early sound era (1935–1945)
735:In 1925, the German priest
42:. The specific problem is:
10:
4832:
2359:. Black Dot Publications.
2035:영화(MOVIE-Motionpicture)이야기
1287:List of South Korean films
1282:List of North Korean films
1227:
1216:
1205:
1102:(북위 41도), Yun Bong-chun's
1075:(갈매기), and Han Hyung-mo's
950:Ferryboat with no Ferryman
898:, directed only one film,
4767:
4724:
4691:
4614:
4547:
4540:
4483:
4388:
4305:
4232:
4223:
4191:
4076:
4033:
3975:
3813:
3758:
3749:
3719:
3673:
3617:
3541:
3505:
3496:
3483:
3427:
3023:
2915:
2869:
2809:
2798:
2782:
2778:
2758:
2727:
2711:
2700:
2684:
2680:
2660:
2615:
2564:
2541:
2537:
2494:Google Arts & Culture
2239:Baskett, Michael (2008).
2149:Baskett, Michael (2008).
1840:차, 미애 (30 January 2021).
1347:South Korean Queer Cinema
1297:Korean Blockbuster Movies
1106:(고향의 노래), Hong Sung-ki's
1100:41 degrees north latitude
1071:(죄없는 죄인), Lee Kyu-hwan's
742:Im Lande der Morgenstille
532:Early period (until 1926)
3691:Central African Republic
2741:On the Art of the Cinema
1432:South China Morning Post
1357:
1079:(성벽을 뚫고) were produced.
1045:Records of Ahn Jung-geun
2355:Leong, Anthony (2003).
2317:Kim, Dong Hoon (2017).
2287:. Si Sa Yong O Sa Pub.
2264:Bowyer, Justin (2004).
1090:(애정산맥), Shin Sang-ok's
1086:(낙동강), Lee Man-heung's
1057:Adventures of Ddol-ddol
4401:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2551:List of pre–1948 films
2336:Lee, Young-il (1988).
2283:Han, Man-yong (1983).
2066:Lee, Young-il (1988).
1986:Yecies, Brian (2012).
1961:Lee, Young-il (1988).
1920:25 (2018), 25–54 (25).
1789:Norbert Weber (1925),
1088:Affectionate Mountains
945:Imjaeobtneun naleutbae
555:
3711:São Tomé and Príncipe
2772:Cinema of South Korea
2674:Cinema of North Korea
2452:YIDFF Documentary Box
2229:The Attractive Empire
2216:The Attractive Empire
2203:The Attractive Empire
2056:70 (2011), 1–31 (17).
1936:Image & Narrative
1317:Korean Movie Database
1230:Cinema of North Korea
1217:Further information:
1208:Cinema of South Korea
1165:The Old Pottery Maker
1053:My liberated Hometown
539:
451:Emblem of South Korea
446:Emblem of North Korea
4178:United Arab Emirates
2892:Production companies
2446:Pok Hwan-mo (1997).
2130:on 27 September 2007
1634:Korea JoongAng Daily
1135:The Barefooted Youth
1104:Song of the hometown
456:World Heritage Sites
49:improve this article
38:to meet Knowledge's
4727:& transnational
2122:Korean Film Archive
1818:Korean Film Archive
1377:on 24 December 2007
1307:Korean Film Archive
1262:Cinema of the world
1096:The Last Temptation
870:Beongeoli Sam-ryong
833:Na Un-gyu followed
776:Like the folksong "
156:Arts and literature
4579:Dominican Republic
2382:on 28 January 2008
2040:2014-09-08 at the
1942:on 28 January 2008
1690:Yonhap News Agency
1192:March of the Fools
1188:Yeong-ja’s Heydays
1169:Love Me Once Again
1122:Heyday (1955-1979)
884:Salangeul chajaseo
763:, the young actor
556:
4803:
4802:
4687:
4686:
4536:
4535:
4219:
4218:
3745:
3744:
3443:
3442:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
2887:Animation studios
2754:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2656:
2655:
2628:Animation studios
2469:978-0-89209-017-4
2433:New Korean Cinema
2425:978-0-275-95811-4
2406:978-0-8143-3253-5
2366:978-1-55395-461-3
2347:978-89-88095-12-6
2294:978-0-89209-017-4
2275:978-1-904764-11-3
2256:978-0-8248-3223-0
2166:978-0-8248-3223-0
2102:978-0-275-95811-4
2077:978-89-88095-12-6
1972:978-89-88095-12-6
1813:"노르베르트 베버 필름 컬렉션"
1722:978-0-89209-017-4
1526:978-0-8143-2869-9
1460:on 2 October 2008
1402:Los Angeles Times
1327:East Asian cinema
1069:Innocent Prisoner
1049:Matyr Yunbong Gil
978:Kanggeonneo maeul
845:Person of Destiny
712:, color film and
683:Righteous Revenge
650:Douglas Fairbanks
590:Hwangseong sinmun
497:
496:
77:
76:
69:
40:quality standards
31:This article may
4823:
4794:World portal
4792:
4791:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4725:Intercontinental
4545:
4544:
4368:Northern Ireland
4230:
4229:
3756:
3755:
3503:
3502:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3434:
3433:
2846:Cinematographers
2804:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2706:
2682:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2602:Cinematographers
2539:
2538:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2473:
2429:
2410:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2370:
2351:
2332:
2298:
2279:
2260:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2126:. Archived from
2113:
2107:
2106:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2044:
2032:
2026:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1938:. Archived from
1927:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1907:Wade, p.176-177.
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1489:. Archived from
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1373:. Archived from
1367:
1292:Korean animation
1251:
1246:
1245:
1244:
703:
702:
675:Kriemhilds Rache
631:
630:
625:
624:
553:
552:
489:
482:
475:
112:
104:
102:Culture of Korea
86:
79:
78:
72:
65:
61:
58:
52:
26:
25:
18:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4816:Cinema of Korea
4806:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4786:
4780:Film portal
4774:
4772:
4763:
4726:
4720:
4683:
4610:
4532:
4479:
4436:North Macedonia
4384:
4301:
4215:
4187:
4072:
4029:
3971:
3809:
3741:
3715:
3669:
3613:
3537:
3492:
3488:National cinema
3479:
3474:
3444:
3439:
3415:
3019:
2911:
2865:
2856:Score composers
2805:
2796:
2774:
2766:
2764:
2746:
2723:
2707:
2698:
2676:
2668:
2666:
2652:
2648:Zainichi cinema
2611:
2560:
2533:
2531:Cinema of Korea
2528:
2481:
2470:
2426:
2407:
2385:
2383:
2367:
2348:
2329:
2295:
2276:
2257:
2235:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2064:
2060:
2054:Asian Ethnology
2051:
2047:
2042:Wayback Machine
2033:
2029:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1770:on 24 June 2012
1762:Lee, Young-Il.
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1736:Paquet, Darcy.
1734:
1730:
1723:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1661:The Korea Times
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1603:The Korea Times
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1548:on 3 March 2008
1538:
1534:
1527:
1513:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1493:on 2 March 2017
1486:The Korea Times
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1446:Kim, So-young.
1444:
1437:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1139:Youth Classroom
1124:
1036:
966:
932:
922:in 1961 and by
900:Mondongi Tultte
825:The success of
754:
639:Broken Blossoms
618:Ae Kwan Theater
534:
501:Cinema of Korea
493:
407:Paektu Mountain
110:
100:
73:
62:
56:
53:
46:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4829:
4819:
4818:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4783:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4749:Kurdish cinema
4746:
4741:
4739:Balochi cinema
4736:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
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4413:
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4403:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4380:
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4370:
4363:United Kingdom
4360:
4355:
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4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4280:Russian Empire
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4250:Czech Republic
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4204:Russian Empire
4195:
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4185:
4180:
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4155:
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2548:
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2479:External links
2477:
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970:Chunhyang-jeon
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916:The Evergreens
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696:Chunhyang-Jeon
634:D. W. Griffith
566:Pathe Pictures
542:Chunhyang-Jeon
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517:Joseon dynasty
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3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:Films by year
3022:
3016:
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3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
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2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
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2854:
2852:
2849:
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2844:
2842:
2841:Screenwriters
2839:
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2832:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2792:
2788:
2787:List of films
2785:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2694:
2690:
2689:List of films
2687:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Korean horror
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Screenwriters
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2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
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2062:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2001:
1999:9781136674730
1995:
1992:. Routledge.
1991:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1897:
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1679:
1664:. 3 July 2019
1663:
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1574:The Hankyoreh
1570:
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1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Korean horror
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
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1263:
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1239:
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1220:
1209:
1199:
1195:
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1189:
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1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1130:The Housemaid
1119:
1117:
1116:Chunhyangjeon
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:Devil's Night
1089:
1085:
1084:Nakdong River
1080:
1078:
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925:
921:
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913:
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905:
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897:
892:
890:
886:
885:
880:
876:
875:Mute Samryong
872:
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862:
861:
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852:
851:
846:
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841:
836:
831:
828:
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783:
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766:
762:
761:
749:
747:
743:
738:
737:Norbert Weber
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
697:
691:
689:
685:
684:
679:
678:(both 1924).
677:
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656:
651:
647:
646:
645:Way Down East
641:
640:
635:
619:
615:
614:
613:The Hankyoreh
609:
604:
601:
599:
595:
591:
586:
585:Burton Holmes
581:
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571:
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563:
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547:
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505:Korean cinema
502:
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37:
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29:
20:
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4759:Soviet Union
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4285:Soviet Union
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3737:South Africa
3630:Burkina Faso
3477:World cinema
3429:
2739:
2530:
2459:
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2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2380:the original
2356:
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2302:
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2265:
2245:. Honolulu:
2241:
2231:, pp. 88–90.
2228:
2223:
2218:, pp. 90–93.
2215:
2210:
2205:, pp. 21–22.
2202:
2197:
2176:
2171:, pp. 20-28.
2155:. Honolulu:
2151:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2128:the original
2120:
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2086:
2067:
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1940:the original
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1917:
1912:
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1891:
1881:15 September
1879:. Retrieved
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1864:
1854:15 September
1852:. Retrieved
1847:Hankook Ilbo
1845:
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1825:15 September
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1816:
1807:
1796:, retrieved
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1772:. Retrieved
1768:the original
1757:
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1666:. Retrieved
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1474:
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1455:the original
1431:
1423:
1418:statista.com
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1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1365:
1332:Asian cinema
1302:Korean drama
1196:
1191:
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1037:
1026:
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1018:naisen ittai
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593:
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343:
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54:
47:Please help
43:
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4744:Middle East
4711:New Zealand
4604:Puerto Rico
4528:Switzerland
4523:Netherlands
4043:Afghanistan
4010:Philippines
3584:South Sudan
3015:South Korea
1898:Lee Hyo Won
1875:Kpop Herald
1850:(in Korean)
1821:(in Korean)
1742:Korean Film
1577:(in Korean)
1464:17 February
1381:18 November
1322:Korean Wave
1249:Film portal
1161:Late Autumn
1141:(청춘교실) and
1061:Yu Gwan-sun
954:Na Woon-gyu
904:At Daybreak
881:1929), and
802:intertitles
765:Na Woon-gyu
642:(1919) and
548::
540:Still from
513:South Korea
430:South Korea
418:North Korea
377:Video games
262:Traditional
51:if you can.
4734:Arab World
4569:Costa Rica
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4451:Yugoslavia
4431:Montenegro
4091:Azerbaijan
4068:Uzbekistan
4058:Tajikistan
4053:Kyrgyzstan
4048:Kazakhstan
3923:Rajasthani
3823:Bangladesh
3635:Cape Verde
3569:Madagascar
2917:Box office
1353:References
1337:Hallyuwood
1213:Box office
1137:(맨발의 청춘),
1041:Free Manse
958:liberation
902:(먼동이 틀 때;
860:Jalitgeola
760:Nongjungjo
714:widescreen
710:sound film
664:Nibelungen
660:Fritz Lang
655:Robin Hood
499:The term "
247:Television
208:Literature
4701:Australia
4679:Venezuela
4624:Argentina
4468:Catalonia
4348:Lithuania
4153:Palestine
4015:Singapore
3995:Indonesia
3967:Sri Lanka
3960:Lollywood
3898:Malayalam
3773:Hong Kong
3574:Mauritius
2897:Festivals
2882:Animation
2877:Chungmuro
2836:Producers
2831:Directors
2825:Actresses
2735:Festivals
2633:Festivals
2623:Animation
2592:Producers
2582:Directors
2577:Animators
2227:Baskett,
2214:Baskett,
2201:Baskett,
2005:3 January
1798:9 October
1696:8 October
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1640:8 October
1609:8 October
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1023:You and I
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867:; 1927),
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669:Siegfried
608:Dansungsa
578:The Times
570:Namdaemun
561:The Times
401:Mugunghwa
363:Taekwondo
317:Mythology
4810:Category
4669:Suriname
4654:Paraguay
4644:Colombia
4541:Americas
4458:Slovenia
4441:Portugal
4389:Southern
4373:Scotland
4306:Northern
4292:Slovakia
4245:Bulgaria
4192:Northern
4020:Thailand
4005:Malaysia
3990:Cambodia
3955:Pakistan
3928:Sanskrit
3888:Kashmiri
3873:Haryanvi
3868:Gujarati
3848:Bhojpuri
3838:Assamese
3815:Southern
3800:Mongolia
3727:Botswana
3720:Southern
3701:Congo DR
3686:Cameroon
3609:Zimbabwe
3594:Tanzania
3559:Ethiopia
3549:Djibouti
3506:Northern
3436:Category
2386:13 March
2038:Archived
2020:Hun Shim
1946:13 March
1774:13 March
1747:13 March
1552:13 March
1235:See also
1073:Seagulls
908:Arirang,
896:Shim Hun
865:Good bye
726:Chunyang
720:'s 2000
648:(1920),
600:(coin).
554:) (1923)
332:Clothing
327:Holidays
322:Folklore
179:Painting
148:Religion
138:Language
131:Diaspora
93:a series
91:Part of
33:require
4693:Oceania
4674:Uruguay
4663:Iquitos
4649:Ecuador
4629:Bolivia
4589:Jamaica
4506:Germany
4496:Belgium
4491:Austria
4484:Western
4473:Galicia
4406:Croatia
4396:Albania
4338:Ireland
4333:Iceland
4328:Finland
4318:Estonia
4313:Denmark
4297:Ukraine
4270:Romania
4260:Moldova
4255:Hungary
4240:Belarus
4233:Eastern
4143:Lebanon
4106:Georgia
4096:Bahrain
4086:Armenia
4078:Western
4035:Central
4025:Vietnam
3918:Punjabi
3908:Marathi
3893:Konkani
3883:Kannada
3858:Deccani
3843:Bengali
3760:Eastern
3732:Namibia
3674:Central
3660:Senegal
3655:Nigeria
3645:Liberia
3618:Western
3579:Somalia
3554:Eritrea
3542:Eastern
3533:Tunisia
3528:Morocco
3513:Algeria
2861:Critics
2851:Editors
2607:Editors
2496:project
1497:1 March
1157:Obaltan
1005:byeonsa
1001:Ben Hur
996:byeonsa
850:Deuljwi
840:Punguna
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827:Arirang
820:byeonsa
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798:byeonsa
788:byeonsa
782:Arirang
778:Arirang
770:Arirang
722:pansori
666:films,
503:" (or "
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425:Aegukga
413:Aegukka
394:Arirang
385:Symbols
369:Ssireum
310:Banchan
300:Cuisine
284:Theater
252:K-drama
235:Webtoon
174:Pottery
121:History
111:Society
35:cleanup
4634:Brazil
4594:Mexico
4562:Quebec
4557:Canada
4501:France
4446:Serbia
4421:Kosovo
4411:Greece
4358:Sweden
4353:Norway
4343:Latvia
4275:Russia
4265:Poland
4225:Europe
4199:Russia
4173:Turkey
4138:Kuwait
4133:Jordan
4126:Jewish
4121:Israel
4101:Cyprus
3938:Telugu
3903:Meitei
3828:Bhutan
3805:Taiwan
3681:Angola
3604:Zambia
3599:Uganda
3498:Africa
2907:Awards
2870:Topics
2821:Actors
2817:Actors
2810:People
2728:Topics
2719:Actors
2712:People
2643:Sageuk
2616:Topics
2572:Actors
2565:People
2466:
2439:
2422:
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1918:언론문화연구
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1267:CJ CGV
1108:Sortie
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793:benshi
744:(lit.
716:film.
626:;
546:Korean
353:Sports
338:Hanbok
305:Kimchi
258:Music
230:Manhwa
223:Poetry
126:People
95:on the
4716:Samoa
4639:Chile
4616:South
4584:Haiti
4549:North
4463:Spain
4426:Malta
4416:Italy
4378:Wales
4183:Yemen
4168:Syria
4158:Qatar
3985:Burma
3950:Nepal
3933:Tamil
3913:Oriya
3878:Hindi
3863:Dogri
3833:India
3793:South
3788:North
3783:Korea
3778:Japan
3768:China
3706:Gabon
3650:Niger
3640:Ghana
3625:Benin
3589:Sudan
3564:Kenya
3523:Libya
3518:Egypt
2454:10,3.
2134:4 May
1458:(PDF)
1451:(PDF)
1358:Notes
1112:Korea
574:Seoul
509:North
436:Flags
292:Other
277:K-pop
272:South
267:North
242:Media
218:South
213:North
201:South
196:North
186:Dance
4706:Fiji
4659:Peru
4574:Cuba
4148:Oman
4116:Iraq
4111:Iran
4000:Laos
3943:Tulu
3751:Asia
3696:Chad
3665:Togo
3411:2024
3406:2023
3401:2022
3396:2021
3391:2020
3386:2019
3381:2018
3376:2017
3371:2016
3366:2015
3361:2014
3356:2013
3351:2012
3346:2011
3341:2010
3336:2009
3331:2008
3326:2007
3321:2006
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3311:2004
3306:2003
3301:2002
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3291:2000
3286:1999
3281:1998
3276:1997
3271:1996
3266:1995
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3256:1993
3251:1992
3246:1991
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3236:1989
3231:1988
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3221:1986
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3211:1984
3206:1983
3201:1982
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3056:1953
3051:1952
3046:1951
3041:1950
3036:1949
3031:1948
3010:2023
3005:2022
3000:2021
2995:2020
2990:2019
2985:2018
2980:2017
2975:2016
2970:2015
2965:2014
2960:2013
2955:2012
2950:2011
2945:2010
2940:2009
2935:2008
2930:2007
2925:2006
2901:list
2586:list
2464:ISBN
2437:ISBN
2420:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2388:2008
2361:ISBN
2342:ISBN
2323:ISBN
2307:ISBN
2289:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2136:2007
2097:ISBN
2072:ISBN
2024:IMDb
2007:2015
1994:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1948:2008
1883:2023
1856:2023
1827:2023
1800:2023
1776:2008
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1717:ISBN
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1670:2023
1642:2023
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1521:ISBN
1499:2017
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