Christianity in India

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enthusiastically supported the National Congress and attended its annual meetings. For example, according to the official Congress report, there were 607 registered delegates at the Madras meeting of 1887; thirty-five were Christians and, of these, seven were Eurasians and fifteen were Indian Christians. Indian Christians alone made up 2.5 per cent of the total attendance, in spite of the fact that Christians accounted for less than 0.79 per cent of the population. The Indian Christian community was also well represented at the next four sessions of the Congress. The proportion of Indian Christian delegates remained very much higher than their proportion in the population, in spite of the fact that meetings were sometimes held in cities such as Allahabad and Nagpur, far removed from the main centres of Christian population.

4770: 4109:, Calcutta, and other places. He translated the Bible into Bengali, Sanskrit, and numerous other languages and dialects. He worked in India despite the hostility of the British East India Company until his death in 1834. Carey and his colleagues, Joshua Marshman and William Ward, blended science, Christianity, and constructive Orientalism in their work at the Danish settlement of Serampore, near Calcutta. Carey saw the dissemination of European science and Christianity as mutually supportive and equally important civilizing missions. He also supported a revival of Sanskrit science. Carey played a key role in the establishment of the Agricultural Society of India. Ward, beginning in 1806, published important commentaries on ancient Hindu medical and astronomy texts. In 1818, Carey and his fellow missionaries founded 4726: 3672: 2678: 4649: 4117: 4590: 2929: 3313: 2659: 2739: 2771: 4630: 4551: 2719: 2644: 4614: 4782: 3081: 2817: 2794: 4706: 3381: 4687: 4746: 7557:, the main square, and asked the people gathered there, "Brothers, are you with those of the faith?" Those British men and women who had previously converted to Islam such as the defectors, Sergeant-Major Gordon, and Abdullah Beg, a former Company soldier, were spared. In contrast, foreign Christians such as the Rev Midgeley John Jennings, as well as Indian converts to Christianity such as one of Zafar's personal physicians, Chaman Lal, were killed outright. Dalrymple recounts that as late as 6 September, when calling the inhabitants of 10845: 2403: 7200: 2701: 3516: 9853: 9992: 10733: 7530:—abhorrent to them due to a belief that the weapon's cartridges, which they would be required to handle and even to bite open the encasing papers, were greased with pig fat, a religiously unacceptable agent for Muslim soldiers. Sepoys interpreted the rumours of grease constituents as a deliberate ploy by the company to defile Muslim soldiers so that they would convert to Christianity. In combination with a corresponding idea that cow fat was included to defile Hindu soldiers, this was perceived as an attempt to impose 5371: 4399: 4570: 3885: 3556: 304: 8617:

Indian Ocean capital, and many in other settlements as well. 'Most Hindu ceremonies were forbidden, including marriage and cremation.' In 1560, the Portuguese instituted the Inquisition, and by 1600 two-thirds of the population of the city of Goa were Christians. Many of the newly converted Christians nevertheless remained quite conscious of their caste position in the Hindu hierarchy. It was not unusual for a person to identify himself as a Goan Christian Saraswat Brahmin.

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which would lead to the time, a generation later, when all ministers would have been ordained by bishops in apostolic succession. The Church of South India was important as a prototype for a new American church because two factors had come together: the cross-confessional nature of its constituent parts and the intention to be, in effect, the Protestant Christian presence in communities all across the southern territories of its nation.

7866: 1926: 6400: 3512:, a Jesuit, began a mission to the lower classes of Tamil society in 1542. A further 30,000 Paravars were baptised. Xavier appointed catechists in the Paravar villages up and down the 100 miles (160 km) coastline to spread and reinforce his teachings. Paravar Christianity, with its own identity based on a mixture of Christian religious belief and Hindu caste culture, remains a defining part of the Paravar life today. 7852: 4086: 37: 6431: 9108:

known as the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon); The Methodist Church (British and Australian Conferences); The United Church of Northern India. ... The Church of North India is a full member of the World Council of Churches, the Christian Conference of Asia, the Council for World Mission, the Anglican Consultative Council, the World Methodist Council and the World Alliance of Reformed Churches.

3265:, Nazranis around Cochin gathered at Mattancherry church on Friday, 24 January 1653 (M.E. 828 Makaram 3) and made an oath that is known as the Great Oath of Bent Cross. There are various versions about the wording of oath, one version being that the oath was directed against the Portuguese, another that it was directed against Jesuits, yet another version that it was directed against the authority of 3873:

famous. It extended to the Krishna river, with a number of outlying stations beyond it. The mission of Cochin, on the Malabar Coast, was also one of the most fruitful. Several missions were also established in the interior northwards that of Agra and Lahore in 1570 and that of Tibet in 1624. Still, even with these efforts, and many vast tracts of the interior northwards were practically unreached.

4815: 4963:. Today Christians are considered to be one of the most progressive communities in India. Urban Christians are to a greater extent influenced by European traditions which is considered an advantage in the business environment of urban India; this is given as an explanation for the large number of Christian professionals in India's corporate sector. The Christian church runs thousands of 3276:. At this time, Rome intervened and Carmelite Missionaries were sent to win the Thomas Christians back. Carmelites could convince the majority that the local church needs bishops and the consecration of the Archdeacon Thomas was invalid because the consecration was conducted not by a bishop, but by priests. Many leaders of the community rejoined the missionaries. But in 1663, 6396:

Christianized Goans (mostly Goan Catholics) from Goa to cosmopolitan cities in India (Mumbai, Bangalore, etc.) and to foreign countries, as well as back migration of Hindus and Muslims to Goa from other states of India since the 20th century, the demographics of Goa have been returning to the historical figures. Less than 50% of Indian residents in Goa are Goan Christians.

9074:...churches that would combine the episcopal, presbyterian and congregational forms of church polity, and would accept the historic episcopate without committing the church to any particular theological interpretation of episcopacy. This is essentially what has been done both in the Church of South India and the Church of North India. 3269:. Those who were not able to touch the cross tied ropes on the cross, held the rope in their hands and made the oath. Because of the weight it is believed by the followers that the cross bent a little and so it is known as "Oath of the bent cross" (Coonen Kurisu Sathyam). This demanded administrative autonomy for the local church. 5403: 9028:

supervision of a bishop, the church as a whole is governed by a synod, which elects a moderator (presiding bishop) every 2 years. Episcopacy is thus combined with Synodical government, and the church explicitly recognizes that Episcopal, Presbyterian, and congregational elements are all necessary for the church's life.

4165:. He founded the Guntur Mission in 1842. Supported initially by the Pennsylvania Ministerium, and later by the Foreign Mission Board of the General Synod, Heyer was also encouraged and assisted by British government officials. He established a number of hospitals and a network of schools throughout the Guntur region. 9027:

The Church of South India is the result of the union of churches of varying traditions Anglican, Methodist, Congregational, Presbyterian, and Reformed. It was inaugurated in September 1947, after protracted negotiation among the churches concerned. Organized into 22 dioceses, each under the spiritual

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The Church of North India is a united church which came into being as the result of a union of six churches on 29th November 1970. The six churches were: The Council of the Baptist Churches in Northern India, The Church of the Brethren in India; The Disciples of Christ; The Church of India (formerly

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The Church of South India created a polity that recognized Episcopal, Presbyterian, and Congregational elements and developed a book of worship that bridged the liturgical traditions that came into this new church. It set up a plan by which existing ministries were accepted while including processes

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and more especially after the commencement of Portuguese rule in India, distinct patterns of Christian art developed within the areas of Portuguese influence, mostly along the coasts of the peninsula. The Portuguese commissioned monumental buildings and promoted architecture more than any other form

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who had moved into the area. The protection was granted on the condition that the leaders were immediately baptised as Christians and that they would encourage their people also to convert to Christianity. The Portuguese in turn wanted to gain a strategic foothold and control of the pearl fisheries.

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The Portuguese also sought to convert Indians to Roman Catholicism. Until 1540 the pace was slow and erratic. With the arrival in India of the Catholic Counter-Reformation and its Jesuit troops, however, 'intolerance became the theme.' The Portuguese destroyed all of the Hindu temples in Goa, their

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The relationship between Muslims and Christians in India has also been occasionally turbulent. With the advent of European colonialism in India throughout the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, Christians were systematically persecuted in certain Muslim-ruled kingdoms in India, particularly the actions

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missionary work progressed on a large scale and with great success along the western coasts, chiefly at Chaul, Bombay, Salsette, Bassein, Damao, and Diu; and on the eastern coasts at San Thome of Mylapore, and as far as Bengal etc. In the southern districts the Jesuit mission in Madura was the most

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who was seeking to form anti-Islamic alliances with pre-existing Christian nations. The lucrative spice trade was further temptation for the Portuguese crown. When he and the Portuguese missionaries arrived, they found Christians in the country in Malabar known as St. Thomas Christians who belonged

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to rally against the upcoming British assault, Zafar issued a proclamation stating that this was a religious war being prosecuted on behalf of "the faith", and that all Muslim and Hindu residents of the imperial city, or of the countryside were encouraged to stay true to their faith and creeds. He

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The census of India provides us with the official numbers for Christian population in India. The Indian census has been recorded every ten years since 1871 and has always included religion (along with population, race, rural distribution, and occupation, among others). The most recently published

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is Christian. According to the 1909 statistics in the Catholic Encyclopedia, the total Christian population in Portuguese controlled Goa was 293,628 out of a total population of 365,291 (80.33%), partly because of centuries long persecution of Hindus and Muslims in Goa. Due to emigration of

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Indian Christian involvement in the early stages of the nationalist movement is also reflected in the high levels of participation in the activities of the Indian National Congress. During the period from its inception up until about 1892 all the evidence suggests that Indian Christians

2998:) granted the Saint Thomas Christians seventy-two rights and privileges which were usually granted only to high dignitaries. These rights included exemption from import duties, sales tax and the slave tax. A copper plate grant dated 1225 AD further enhanced the rights and privileges of 11519:

Journal of the Karnatak University: Humanities: Volume 19 Karnatak University - 1975 "He was also involved in the work of the revision of the Kannada Bible. But his magnum opus was the school dictionary English- Kannada Shala Nighantu, which saw the light of the day in 1876. Though

2538:, Thomas was at first reluctant to accept this mission, but Jesus over-ruled him by ordering circumstances so compelling that he was forced to accompany an Indian merchant, Abbanes, to his native place in northwest India, where he found himself in the service of the 7268:

also criticized India for "increasing societal violence against Christians." The report on anti-Christian violence listed over 90 incidents of anti-Christian violence, ranging from damage of religious property to violence against Christians pilgrims. The states of

2852:, both along mountain passes in the north and sea routes down the western and southern coast, well before the advent of the Christian era, and it is likely that Christian merchants from these lands settled in Indian cities along these trading routes. The colony of 2718: 2677: 2738: 11835: 2565:

in the northeast direction, he arrived at Niranam "Thrikpapaleswaram" by sea. The church was reconstructed several times with some parts dating back to a reconstruction in 1259. The architecture of the church bears a striking similarity to ancient

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For the Acts and Decrees of the Synod cf. Michael Geddes, "A Short History of the Church of Malabar Together with the Synod of Diamper &c." London, 1694; Repr. in George Menachery, Ed., Indian Church History Classics, Vol.1, Ollur 1998, pp.

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While Christians in India do not share one common culture, their cultures for the most part tend to be a blend of Indian, Syrian and European cultures. It differs from one region to another depending on several factors such as the prevailing

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in places such as Mangalore, Madikeri and Dharwad in Karnataka. He is renowned for his studies of the Kannada language and for producing a Kannada-English dictionary of about 70,000 words in 1894. He also composed numerous Kannada poems.

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connects the tradition of the Apostle Thomas' Indian ministry with two kings, one in the north and the other in the south. The year of his arrival is widely disputed due to lack of credible records. According to one of the legends in the

7476:-fort route. However, there were no priests among the captives. Together with Fr Miranda, all the 21 arrested priests were issued orders of expulsion to Goa, fined Rs 200,000, and threatened with death by hanging if they ever returned. 10578:

There are various versions about the wording of swearing, one version being that it was directed against the Portuguese, another that it was directed against Jesuits, yet another that it was directed against the authority of church of

4366:. The AICIC also was opposed to separate electorates for Christians, believing that the faithful "should participate as common citizens in one common, national political system". The All India Conference of Indian Christians and the 3769:

and its boundaries extended to almost half of the world: from the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, to Burma, China and Japan in East Asia. In 1576, the suffragan See of Macao (China) was added; and in 1588, that of Funai in Japan.

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Following the synod, the Indian Church was governed by Portuguese prelates. They were generally unwilling to respect the integrity of the local church. This resulted in disaffection which led to a general revolt in 1653 known as the

16852: 5352: 7307:(communist insurgents), tensions flared between the two communities in 2008. Christians were blamed and attacked in Orissa with 38 killed and over 250 churches damaged while several thousands of Christians were displaced. Sitting 4315:. Rev. and Mrs. M.J. Chance spent most of the years between 1950 and 1956 at Golaghat working with the Naga and Garo tribes. Even today, the heaviest concentrations of Christians in India continue to be in the Northeast among the 3856:. From 1534 to 1552, a priest by the name António do Porto converted over 10,000 people, built a dozen churches, convents, and a number of orphanages hospitals and seminaries. Prominent among the converts were two yogis from the 3300:

to India in 1665. He confirmed Thoma I as a bishop and worked together with him to organize the Church. These events led to the gradual and lasting schism among the Saint Thomas Christians of India, leading to the formation of

10646: 2609:(154–223 AD) reports that in his time there were Christian tribes in North India that claimed to have been converted by Thomas and had books and relics to prove it. It is believed that by the time of the establishment of the 15668: 4769: 3253:. The others who continued with East Syriac theological and liturgical tradition stayed faithful to the Catholic Church and later became autonomous eastern catholic church named Syro Malabar Church (suriyani malabar sabha). 8861: 4667: 9294: 2946:

seem to have enjoyed various rights and privileges as well as a high status as recorded on copper plates, also known as Cheppeds, Royal Grants, Sasanam, etc. There are a number of such documents in the possession of the

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to the then-largest Christian church within India. The Christians were friendly to Portuguese missionaries at first; there was an exchange of gifts between them, and these groups were delighted at their common faith.

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Most Indian Christians believe that the apostle Thomas arrived in southwest India (the present state of Kerala) in 52 C.E. and several years later was martyred outside the city of Mailapur (now part of metropolitan

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throughout the country in several hundreds of denominations at 45 million (4.5 crore). Several sources estimate Catholic population in India at over 17 million (1.7 crore) The largest single denomination is the

4920:. Christianity in other parts of India spread under the colonial regimes of the Dutch, Danish, French and most importantly the English from the early 17th century to the time of the Indian Independence in 1947. 8758: 3449:

as Europeans started seeking alternative routes east by sea along with the goal of forging alliances with pre-existing Christian nations. Along with Portuguese long-distance maritime travelers that reached the

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It is generally agreed that Aramaic was the common language of Israel in the first century AD. Jesus and his disciples spoke the Galilean dialect, which was distinguished from that of Jerusalem (Matt. 26:73)

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who became known as Paulo Raposo and Francisco de Santa Maria. They introduced Christianity to their fellow yogis, converting many in the process. The descendants of these Christians are today known as the

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Being the largest Protestant church in India, the CSI celebrates her life with Indian culture and spirituality and she also raises her voice for the voiceless on matters of justice, peace and integrity of

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relatively peacefully for more than a millennium, faced considerable persecution from Portuguese evangelists in the 16th century. This later wave of evangelism spread Catholicism more widely along the

8888: 7376:. Its support by influential officials within the BJP, the governing party, has led to criticism such that support threatens the secularism and freedom of religion enshrined in India's constitution. 7339:

by threats of physical violence, distribution of threatening literature, burning of Bibles, raping of nuns, murder of Christian priests, and destruction of Christian schools, colleges and cemeteries.

5250:. The Syro-Malabar Church is the second largest among the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches who accept the Pope as the visible head of the whole church. The Oriental Orthodox churches in India include the 3502:

The deal was agreed and some months later 20,000 Paravars were baptised en masse, and by 1537 the entire community had declared itself to be Christian. The Portuguese navy destroyed the Arab fleet at

14523: 11642:"Canadian Baptist mission work among women in Andhra, India, 1874–1924: Baptist women evolved a role for themselves in an otherwise male-dominated mission enterprise and a patriarchal Telugu society" 4629: 14848: 10080: 14415: 9590: 4781: 3777:

was transferred to Diocese of Craganore in 1605, while, in 1606 a sixth suffragan see to Goa was established at San Thome, Mylapore, near the modern Madras, and the site of the National Shrine of

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Christianity In A Revolutionary Age. Vol. 3, A History Of Christianity In The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries The Nineteenth Century Outside Europe The Americas The Pacific Asia And Africa

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Krishnamurty, J. (June 1969). "Census of India 1961, Paper No. 1 of 1967, pp. iii + 145, Price: Rs. 2.00, Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner for India, New Delhi, 1968".

12133: 4648: 3582:. He allowed four priests to do apostolic work among the early Christian communities scattered in and around Cochin. Thus Portuguese missionaries established Portuguese Mission in 1500. Dom 9612: 12773: 12609: 13045: 5385: 4496:

has expanded into several different styles as a result of extensive church building in different parts of the country. The style that was most patronised is generally referred to as the

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passed laws placing restrictions on forced religious conversions as a result of communal tension between Christians and Hindus. The legislation passed in Tamil Nadu was later repealed.

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have around 310,000 adults and children in fellowship as of 2010. They are often considered part of the wider Brethren movement, although they were founded by an indigenous evangelist (

13006: 4550: 4269:. The Capuchins were personally invited to establish the Bettiah Christian Mission by Maharaja Dhurup Singh after the Italian Capuchin priest Joseph Mary Bernini treated his ill wife. 16729: 11645: 10642: 7358:

groups, facilitates the mass conversion of Christians– and, especially, Muslims –"back" to their supposedly "inherent" or "natural" religion of Hinduism. Organisations which promote

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Madhya Pradesh (India)., & Niyogi, M. B. (1956). Vindicated by time: The Niyogi Committee report on Christian missionary activities. Nagpur: Government Printing, Madhya Pradesh.

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and Australia. In 1961, an evangelical wing of the Mar Thoma Church split and formed the St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India which has 35,000 members. There are about 1,267,786

13872: 13487: 12073: 10643:"Kerala Syrian Christian, Thomas the Apostle in India, the tomb of the Apostles, Persian Church, Syond of Diamper – Coonan Cross Oath, Subsequent divisions and the Nasrani People" 9527: 8865: 3895:

Beginning in about 1700, Protestant missionaries began working throughout India; this lead to the establishment of different Christian communities across the Indian Subcontinent.

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Tipu ordered the destruction of twenty-seven Catholic churches all intricately carved with statues depicting various saints. Among them were Nossa Senhora de Rosario Milagres at

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India is number 10 on Open Doors' 2022 World Watch List, an annual ranking of the fifty countries where Christians face the most extreme persecution. However, a faction of the

3594:(1506) using stones and mortar, which was unheard of at that time, as the local prejudices were against such a structure for any purpose other than a royal palace or a temple. 2643: 12163: 12011: 9630: 4686: 2974:, etc. Some of these plates have been dated to around 774 AD. Scholars have studied the inscriptions and produced varying translations. The language used is Old Malayalam in 16872: 14817: 9576: 8843: 8535: 13966: 13799: 11925: 10621:

Thomas Joseph, “Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church,” in Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church, edited by Sebastian P. Brock, Aaron M. Butts, George A. Kiraz and Lucas Van Rompay,

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and was instrumental in compiling a Malayalam grammar book, Malayalabhaasha Vyakaranam (1859), in which he developed and constructed the grammar currently spoken by the

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All Musalmans should unite together, considering the annihilation of infidels as a sacred duty, and labour to the utmost of their power, to accomplish that subject.

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community in Kerala was further strengthened by the arrival of various waves of Syriac Christians from the Middle East. This also resulted in the establishment of

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is another holiday that is observed by most Christians in India. Most Protestant churches celebrate harvest festivals, usually in late October or early November.

12249: 3699:, converted Jews and Muslims who were secretly practising their old religions. Both were considered a threat to the solidarity of Christian belief. According to 757: 4303:

During the 19th century, several American Baptist missionaries evangelised in the northeastern parts of India. In 1876, Dr. E. W. Clark first went to live in a

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With the decline of the Portuguese power, other colonial powers namely the Dutch and British gained influence, paving the way for the arrival of Protestantism.

14438: 13599: 11986:"Monuments in Chennai, Monuments of Chennai India, Monuments Tour in Chennai, Chennai Monuments Tours, Travel to Chennai Monuments, Chennai Monuments Holidays" 7924: 4705: 11625: 11599: 11570: 10751:

Podipara, Placid J. (1970) "The Thomas Christians". London: Darton, Longman and Tidd, 1970. (is a readable and exhaustive study of the St. Thomas Christians.)

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In 2007, 19 churches were burned by Hindu right-wingers in Odisha following conflicts between Hindus and Christians regarding Christmas celebrations in the

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reported that from 25 December 1988 to 3 January 1999, at least 20 prayer halls were damaged or burnt down and Christian institutions were attacked in the

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The 2001 census of India recorded 24,080,016 Christians in the country, representing 2.34 per cent of the population. A majority of Indian Christians are

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Estimated 2010 Christian Population 31,850,000 (pages 19, 60, 75) Protestant 18,860,000 Catholic 10,570,000 Orthodox 2,370,000 Others 50,000 (pp. 27, 83)

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serving as general secretary; in its meeting on 16 April 1947 and 17 April 1947, the joint committee prepared a 13-point memorandum that was sent to the

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in 1843. He was awarded a doctorate for his literary work in Kannada called as Bibliotheca Carnataca. He also translated Kannada literature into German.

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and assimilation of Indian culture have contributed to the development of a unique subculture among these traditional Syrian Christians or Nasranis of

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Christians and Christianity in India and Pakistan: A General Survey of the Progress of Christianity in India from Apostolic Times to the Present Day

7472:. He issued orders to seize the Christians in Canara, confiscate their estates, and deport them to Seringapatam, the capital of his empire, via the 16480: 14320: 14035: 13453: 12125: 10667:

Sebastian P. Brock, “Thomas Christians,” in Thomas Christians, edited by Sebastian P. Brock, Aaron M. Butts, George A. Kiraz and Lucas Van Rompay,

9414: 7324: 5278: 4231: 1742: 14167: 12189: 10456: 9616: 2893:, which gave his party and all native Christians socio-economic privileges. The community of Christians that came along with Knai Thoma is called 2553:

identifies his second mission in India with a kingdom ruled by a certain King named Mahadwa belonging to a 1st-century dynasty in southern India.

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Kaufmann, S. B. (1981). "A Christian Caste in Hindu Society: Religious Leadership and Social Conflict among the Paravas of Southern Tamilnadu".

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were pressured to acknowledge the authority of the Pope and most of them eventually accepted the Catholic faith, but a part of them switched to

16347: 15990: 14219: 10692: 16260: 16217: 16177: 13223: 12990: 12569: 10625: 8316: 5873: 701: 14637: 11467: 7453:, which began on 24 February 1784 and ended 15 years later on 4 May 1799, remains the most disconsolate memory in that community's history. 3976:

was a prominent German Lutheran missionary who arrived in India in 1750. His mission was instrumental in the conversion of many people from

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with "Hebrew letters, a mixture of culture." This is a plausible reference to the earliest Indian churches which are known to have used the

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were the primary target of the 250 years of persecution and punishment for their faith by the Catholic prosecutors. Most affected were the

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Muslims in India who convert to Christianity are considered apostates and subject to harassment, intimidation, and attacks by Muslims. In

14717: 11800: 9164: 7894: 7245:, and its surrounding districts and at least 25 villages had reported incidents of burning and damages to prayer halls all over Gujarat. 6237:

A 2015 study estimates some 40,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, most of them belonging to Protestantism.

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conquered Cochin supplanting the Portuguese on the Malabar coast. Portuguese Missionaries had to leave the country and they consecrated

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around the year 300, who reportedly made many conversions, and it has been speculated that his mission took in areas of southern India.

2497:' evidence thus indicates that early Christians from the Middle East had already evangelised parts of India by the late 2nd century AD. 14603: 10590:"Synod of Diamper." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 23 December 2011. 10276: 9316: 9546: 9513: 8402: 4412:

There are a large number of items of artistic and architectural significance in the religious and domestic life of Indian Christians.

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arrived with the Portuguese colonisers. The history of Portuguese missionaries in India starts with the Portuguese clergy who reached

2546:. The apostle's ministry reputedly resulted in many conversions throughout this northern kingdom, including the king and his brother. 16630: 16255: 15983: 14384: 13086: 12272: 8121: 4443:

The following artistic elements predate European Christianity and form an integral part of the religious art and architecture of the

4355: 2271: 860: 724: 12909: 12517: 12155: 12019: 11892: 11432: 10718: 9634: 4069:, he was a missionary to the Malabar coast of India. Initially associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church, he later joined the 4050:

was a German missionary to Karnataka, he is credited as the publisher of the first ever newspaper in the Kannada language called as

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an opportunity to bring the native church under the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. He was able to secure the submission of

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was sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for six years by a fast track court for a murder during the 2008 communal riots in Odisha's

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Basilica. The suffragan sees added later to Goa. were the prelacy of Mozambique (1612), Peking (1609) and Nanking (1609) in China.

2571: 1361: 677: 471: 14809: 8847: 8543: 2247:, where about 30 percent of the state is Christian. Along with native Christians, small numbers of mixed Eurasian peoples such as 17185: 16529: 13259: 11985: 11921: 5273:

Most Protestant denominations are represented in India, as a result of missionary activities throughout the country, such as the

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also known as St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church is believed to be one of the oldest churches in India. The church was founded by

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styles. The adaptation of European architectural elements to the tropical climate in India has resulted in the creation of the

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met the sepoys on 11 May 1857, he was told: "We have joined hands to protect our religion and our faith." They later stood in

16681: 16534: 16265: 15948: 15868: 15634: 15425: 15334: 15283: 15262: 15232: 15168: 15147: 15128: 15109: 15026: 14992: 14971: 14758: 13764: 13651: 13354: 12973: 12946: 12919: 12806: 11971: 11952: 11759: 11384: 11188: 11063: 10213: 10056: 10022: 9556: 9049: 8809: 8694: 8648: 8461:

The earliest historical evidence, however, regarding the existence of a Church in South India dates from the sixth century AD

8194: 7964: 7320: 7208: 7037: 7032: 5889: 2803: 1947: 1732: 719: 391: 14872: 12403: 11534: 11390: 11356: 10925: 9472: 9454: 9364: 8784: 4855:. The use of ornamental umbrellas for Christian religious festivities illustrates an example of the indigenous character of 4489:

was first buried. The Christian art of Goa reached its climax in church building, laying the foundations of Indian Baroque.

16910: 16404: 16202: 14686: 14189: 14107: 13379: 10327: 8726: 7919: 7904: 7167: 4847:

have a distinctively different culture when compared to Christians in other parts of the country. Historical ties with the

4363: 2932:

Kollam Tharisappalli or Quilon copper plates (849 CE) commissioned during the reign of Sthanu Ravi Varma, and given to the

2289: 2281: 2220: 1787: 681: 673: 526: 14342: 12103: 10761: 9495: 9272: 16462: 16399: 16245: 16197: 15932: 14690: 13561: 13413: 13183: 8226: 7598: 6922: 5996: 5820: 5805: 5072: 4818:

Pesaha Appam is an unleavened Passover bread made by the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala to be served on Passover night

3136: 1747: 1642: 466: 17: 13241: 5242:. In January 1993, the Syro-Malabar Church and in February 2005, the Syro-Malankara Church were raised to the status of 16162: 15962: 15918: 15891: 15814: 15775: 15484: 15442: 15304: 15192: 15088: 15069: 14930: 14906: 13744: 13621: 12397: 11728: 7954: 5707: 4970:

Religion plays a significant role in the daily life of Indian Christians, India ranks 15 among countries with based on

4692: 4673: 4596: 4193: 3820: 1600: 1425: 641: 456: 343: 45: 14575: 12241: 9835: 3990:

a German missionary, scholar, and linguist, as well as the maternal grandfather of German novelist and Nobel laureate

17303: 16995: 16694: 16212: 16192: 16117: 16064: 15847: 15571: 15359: 13141: 13096: 12346: 11159: 11126: 10795: 10554: 10393: 10364: 10171: 9910: 9900: 9786: 9753: 9713: 9689: 9139: 8576: 8439: 8355: 8293: 7994: 7934: 7720: 7265: 6682: 6355: 5554: 5496: 5410: 5263: 5259: 5227: 4273:, on 1 May 1742, approved the appointment of the Capuchins at the Bettiah Fort in a letter to Maharaja Dhurup Singh. 4007: 3940: 3369: 1752: 1296: 875: 590: 89: 14446: 13591: 12856: 11596: 10903: 3060:, a place near Mangalore, and established a missionary station there converting many locals. He also evangelised in 2664: 17241: 16656: 16457: 16368: 16353: 16172: 16074: 16069: 16059: 11622: 11566: 7899: 5460: 5327: 5255: 5251: 5203: 5199: 4900:

cultures, with the former having a more dominant role because the Portuguese ruled Goa directly from 1510 to 1961.

4635: 4521: 3888: 3349: 3345: 3250: 2749: 1940: 1812: 1765: 1610: 669: 575: 571: 12822: 12744: 9014: 5320:) and developed independently of the older Indian Brethren movement, which originated from missionary endeavours. 3147: 17105: 16437: 16414: 16378: 16332: 16104: 14283: 11246: 11222: 10979: 6011: 5677: 5588: 5506: 5478: 5339: 5274: 5267: 4736: 4227: 3139: 2948: 2321: 1822: 1530: 1525: 1265: 1207: 615: 12637: 12364: 12211: 4339:

Indian Christians were involved even at early stages of the nationalist movement in colonial India, both in the

17549: 16749: 16689: 16384: 16240: 16235: 16032: 15539:

A history of expansion of Christianity. Vol. 6. The great century: in Northern Africa and Asia: AD 1800–AD 1914

15048: 12499: 10489: 8101: 7770: 7601:, a Christian convert and missionary named Bashir Tantray was killed, allegedly by militant Islamists in 2006. 7300: 7227: 6762: 6602: 5921: 5905: 5796: 5536: 5370: 5235: 5195: 4262: 4158: 3384: 3365: 2688: 2410: 2406: 2263: 550: 287: 4924:

in these colonial territories has been influenced by the religion and culture of their respective colonisers.

3671: 3648:

The first converts to Christianity in Goa were native Goan women who married Portuguese men that arrived with

3249:

in 1653. Those who accepted the West Syriac theological and liturgical tradition of Gregorios became known as

3217:

between 20 and 26 June 1599, which introduced a number of reforms to the church and brought it fully into the

16814: 16784: 16409: 16270: 15821:

Malabar and the Portuguese: Being a history of the relations of the Portuguese with Malabar from 1500 to 1663

15785:

Oddie, Geoffrey A. (1996). "Christianity and social mobility in South India 1840–1920: A continuing debate".

15344:

Beckerlegge, Gwilym (1997). "Professor Friedrich Max Müller and the Missionary Cause". In Wolfe, John (ed.).

13693: 13439: 13209: 13166: 8980: 7820: 7805: 7542: 7175: 6730: 6714: 5219: 4379: 3869: 3845: 2554: 1490: 915: 17433: 15158: 14549: 10081:"Mumbai's oldest church – St Thomas Cathedral to celebrate its three-hundredth anniversary on Christmas Day" 8881:"MHA data shows nearly half of fresh FCRA registrations under the religious category are for Christian NGOs" 17528: 17508: 17428: 17361: 17155: 17120: 17075: 16709: 16322: 16250: 16207: 16027: 11796: 9086: 8024: 7974: 7944: 7735: 7631: 7545:

notes the religiously imbued rhetoric employed, in contrast to nationalistic sentiment. For instance, when

6666: 6067: 5857: 5515: 4940: 4917: 4344: 3412: 3325: 2886: 2729: 2478: 2454: 2267: 1346: 1237: 1182: 1025: 1015: 820: 697: 689: 546: 41: 13531: 7562:

observes that the Urdu sources of the pre- and post-rebellion periods usually refer to the British not as

6134:

Full Gospel in faith, Charismatic in worship, Pentecostal in Movement and Holistic Evangelical in Ministry

3915:, who began work in 1705 in the Danish settlement of Tranquebar. They translated the Bible into the local 3387:, originally built in 1503, is the first European colonial church built in India. The Portuguese explorer 3171:, leading to the first of several rifts in the community. The efforts of the Portuguese culminated in the 3116:

is credited by tradition for founding the Indian Church in 52 AD. This church developed contacts with the

17523: 17513: 17045: 17040: 16935: 16824: 16819: 16754: 16649: 16570: 16524: 16086: 15351: 14312: 14024: 13119: 10418: 7999: 7825: 7775: 7388: 7365: 6906: 6842: 6650: 6618: 6231: 5966: 5654: 5632: 5391: 4787: 4732: 4712: 4639: 4604: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4407: 4311:

converts. Rev. and Mrs. A.F. Merrill arrived in India in 1928 and worked in the southeast section of the

3973: 3221:

of the Catholic Church. Following the Synod, Menezes consecrated Francis Ros, S. J. as Archbishop of the

2333: 2125: 2074: 1802: 1737: 1687: 1647: 1590: 1155: 1150: 1085: 1030: 920: 850: 126: 14745: 9469:"Convert or we will kill you, Hindu lynch mobs tell fleeing Christians | India | the Guardian" 9418: 3312: 17518: 17165: 17140: 17055: 17035: 16985: 16955: 16945: 16799: 16600: 16447: 16432: 16373: 14159: 12185: 11521: 10448: 8029: 8009: 7810: 7661: 6858: 6474: 6241:

census is from 2011. Subsequent estimates from 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019 are also considered reliable.

6039: 5951: 5760: 5692: 5343: 5313: 5159: 4243: 4094: 3653: 3416: 1667: 1560: 1520: 1500: 1281: 1242: 1227: 1162: 1140: 1115: 1090: 1010: 975: 960: 945: 900: 835: 645: 506: 436: 251: 101: 97: 15901: 13920: 13454:"Population Statistics and Demography of Saint Thomas Christians, Churches with historical references" 12590: 9821:"Mar Thoma: The Apostolic Foundation of the Assyrian Church and the Christians of St. Thomas in India" 9379:"As another Christmas arrives, Hindu extremists are targeting Indian Christians - Washington Examiner" 4839:

and tradition and the extent of time for which Christianity has existed in those regions. The ancient

3586:, the first Portuguese Viceroy got permission from the Kochi Raja to build two churches – namely 2928: 2864:) may be the first Christian community in South India for which there is a continuous written record. 303: 17459: 17251: 17130: 17125: 17005: 16804: 16764: 16739: 16734: 16641: 16580: 16565: 16560: 16317: 11403:

This Bungalow in Tellicherry ... was the residence of Dr. Herman Gundert. He lived here for 20 years.

9613:"Demolition of 3 Churches in BJP-Ruled Manipur for 'Illegal Construction' causes social media uproar" 8004: 7969: 7838: 7785: 7760: 7755: 6586: 6522: 6490: 6283: 5662: 4889: 4696: 4482: 4134: 3716: 3591: 3574:

During the second expedition, the Portuguese fleet comprising 13 ships and 18 priests, under Captain

2745: 2605:

Although little is known of the immediate growth of the church in the northwestern regions of India,

2567: 2353: 2097: 1912: 1857: 1772: 1722: 1697: 1495: 1336: 1217: 1212: 1130: 1120: 965: 685: 81: 10305: 8904:"Philanthropic Organizations and Community Development: The Case of the Bettiah Christians in India" 5051:

and other festivities and on certain occasions, it has almost completely been replaced by the black

17416: 17195: 17145: 17100: 17080: 17070: 16970: 16927: 16903: 16774: 16590: 16442: 16358: 16112: 16022: 15041:

Selections from the Letters, Despatches, and Other State Papers Preserved in the Bombay Secretariat

14916: 14227: 9528:"Conversion of Christians and Muslims in India: Homecoming or forced conversion? | Qantara.de" 8943:"King, Fort, Zamindaris and Missionaries: The Founding of Bihar's Oldest Christian Community, 1745" 8566: 7929: 7914: 7795: 7636: 7519: 7408: 7253: 6506: 6301: 6125: 5168: 5068: 5044: 4775:

Vadayaparambu Mar Bahanans Church, built in the traditional style of the Malankara Orthodox Church.

4367: 4340: 4297: 4116: 3967: 3948: 3908: 2732:

from the 7th century AD on either side. The crosses pre-date the church which was built in 1550 AD.

2710: 2684: 2276: 1902: 1892: 1877: 1782: 1707: 1677: 1652: 1615: 1575: 1570: 1545: 1415: 1232: 1202: 1187: 1177: 1105: 1065: 1040: 890: 885: 865: 830: 815: 729: 649: 537: 348: 122: 105: 73: 13227: 12565: 10622: 8429: 17454: 17353: 17170: 17085: 17065: 16950: 16940: 16809: 16769: 16759: 16719: 16617: 16585: 16575: 16452: 16363: 16337: 15403: 14604:"Deportation and The Konkani Christian Captivity at Srirangapatna (1784 Feb. 24th Ash Wednesday)" 11455: 9120:

Zhimomi, Kaholi (2019). "Northeast India". In Kenneth Ross; Daniel Jeyaraj; Todd Johnson (eds.).

9090: 8256: 7815: 7790: 7780: 7750: 6778: 6746: 6634: 6538: 6337: 6319: 5722: 5335: 5215: 5187: 4964: 4944: 4877: 4840: 4444: 4289: 4223: 4101:

Minister, came to India as a missionary but also as a man of learning in economics, medicine and

3791:

were however unable to establish their presence in Mangalore as a result of the conquests of the

3657: 3455: 3408: 3357: 3230: 3198: 3176: 3108: 3006: 2943: 2933: 2918: 2853: 2649: 2418: 2397: 2224: 1979: 1907: 1882: 1862: 1837: 1712: 1692: 1605: 1595: 1550: 1510: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1450: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1420: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1326: 1286: 1276: 1247: 1192: 1050: 1020: 1005: 990: 980: 970: 935: 930: 880: 825: 800: 773: 693: 661: 624: 501: 426: 411: 358: 85: 77: 10612:. Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. 2005 9343:"The Bogey of 'Forced Conversions' Has Long Diverted Us from the Realities of Indian Christians" 5304:

movement is also significantly represented in India. The main Brethren grouping is known as the

4544:

influences on Christian art and architecture in India can be seen in their respective colonies.

3601:. On 12 June 1514, Cochin and Goa became two prominent mission stations under the newly created 3575: 17421: 17215: 17150: 17115: 17050: 17030: 17020: 16980: 16965: 16960: 16794: 16779: 16744: 16595: 16145: 16094: 15886:

Shourie, Arun. (2006). Missionaries in India: Continuities, changes, dilemmas. New Delhi: Rupa.

15036: 14460: 13329: 12689: 11151: 11118: 9131: 8122:"Global Christianity A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" 7800: 7765: 7666: 7380: 7308: 6970: 6874: 6570: 6457: 6265: 6095: 5570: 5282: 5207: 5163: 5064: 4654: 4285: 4235: 4169: 3943:

in Tamil Nadu which was founded in 1919 as a result of the German Lutheran Leipzig Mission and

3688: 3519:

Portuguese-Tamil Primer (1554). One of the earliest known Christian books in an Indian language

3467: 3426: 3400: 3329: 3293: 2999: 2936:

leader Maruvan Sapir Iso, granting land for the construction of a Syrian Church near Kollam in

2906: 2587: 2145: 2121: 2085: 1887: 1867: 1832: 1727: 1717: 1662: 1657: 1585: 1565: 1555: 1540: 1535: 1515: 1485: 1480: 1455: 1445: 1378: 1356: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1291: 1222: 1100: 1095: 1060: 1055: 995: 950: 910: 805: 793: 635: 607: 486: 406: 118: 69: 15014: 14961: 14721: 14062: 11792: 3597:

In the beginning of the 16th century, the whole of the east was under the jurisdiction of the

3489:

The South Indian coastal areas around Kanyakumari were known for pearl fisheries ruled by the

3340:

church, inherited from them the West Syriac Rite, replacing the old East Syriac Rite liturgy.

3272:

A few months, later Archdeacon Thomas was ordained as bishop by twelve priests with the title

3225:

for the Saint Thomas Christians; thus created another suffragan see to Archdiocese of Goa and

17256: 17175: 17135: 17110: 17090: 17025: 16990: 16975: 16857: 16704: 16699: 16555: 16389: 16299: 16294: 16167: 15387: 14068: 9010: 8976: 7740: 7730: 7725: 7503:

and Immaculata Conceciao at Baidnur. All were razed to the ground, with the exception of the

7422: 7369: 6810: 6794: 6554: 5640: 5618: 5326:

is also a rapidly growing movement in India. The major Pentecostal churches in India are the

5234:

form 18.75% of the Christians in India with 4.5 million of them. 310,000 were members of the

5211: 5180: 5176: 4960: 4956: 4948: 4436:

of churches along with other household items are among the many things that form part of the

4387: 4281: 4201: 4197: 4146: 3865:

Christians who are predominantly Roman Catholics and inhabitants of the north Konkan region.

3808: 3649: 3598: 3471: 3404: 3353: 3210: 2539: 2305: 2188: 2184: 2137: 1872: 1827: 1817: 1807: 1797: 1702: 1620: 1580: 1505: 1475: 1366: 1351: 1341: 1197: 1172: 1145: 1135: 1110: 1035: 985: 940: 925: 905: 895: 870: 810: 657: 653: 554: 496: 15610: 15225:

Baroque India: the neo-roman religious architecture of South Asia: a global stylistic survey

14611: 11324:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

11143: 11110: 10272: 8127:. Pew–Templeton global religious futures project. pp. 19, 27, 57, 60, 75, 83, 90, 119. 5025:. However it is not uncommon for Christian brides particularly in the south to wear a white 4013: 3952: 3912: 3676: 3213:, the highest remaining representative of the native church hierarchy. Menezes convened the 2473:

went to India in AD 190 and found Christians already living in India using a version of the

17399: 17095: 17060: 17015: 17010: 16919: 16136: 16042: 15532:

A history of expansion of Christianity. Vol. 3. Three centuries of advance: AD 1500–AD 1800

15006: 12451:

da Silva Gracias, Fatima. "The Impact of Portuguese Culture in Goa: A Myth or Reality". In

11733: 10953:

The Arrival of the Portuguese in India and the Thomas Christians Under Mar Jacob, 1498–1552

10878:

A history of expansion of Christianity. Vol. 3. Three centuries of advance: AD 1500-AD 1800

10788:

Asia and Western Dominance: A Survey of the Vasco Da Gama Epoch of Asian History, 1498–1945

9121: 7959: 7696: 7681: 7527: 7442: 7373: 7242: 7042: 5981: 5362: 4975: 4901: 4051: 3583: 3459: 2753: 2618: 2458: 2349: 2208: 2093: 1975: 1897: 1777: 1672: 1331: 1306: 1301: 1167: 1078: 1045: 955: 845: 461: 14374: 9902:

The Lopsided Spread of Christianity: Toward an Understanding of the Diffusion of Religions

9397:"Hindu extremists threaten to kill Christians in India if they 'utter the name of Christ'" 4196:

expanded in the following years. The successors of the Protestant church missions are the

3284:

kathanaar as the bishop for the Catholic Thomas Christians on 1 February 1663. Meanwhile,

8: 17503: 17464: 17404: 17386: 17225: 16896: 16714: 15953: 11884: 7979: 7871: 7745: 7616: 7465: 6698: 6373: 6154: 5239: 5191: 5096: 4798: 4576: 4277: 3920: 3792: 3774: 3587: 3420: 3281: 3222: 3194: 3165: 3121: 2960: 2248: 2169: 2164:

of missionaries are being targeted these days, specifically by banning them from getting

2058: 1983: 1930: 476: 328: 93: 15711:

A History of Christianity in India: From Early Times to St. Francis Xavier: A.D. 52–1542

15549: 13071: 11416: 4261:

was established in India in the 17th century by Christian missionaries belonging to the

3980:

to Lutheranism. He died in Tamil Nadu and was buried in St.Peter's Church at Thanjavur,

3641:, with a jurisdiction extending potentially over all past and future conquests from the 3380: 3080: 2594:, where he performed the first baptism in India. This church is therefore considered an 2457:

now stands on the site of his martyrdom and burial. A historically more likely claim by

17438: 17348: 15967: 15519: 15511: 14347: 14316: 13967:"Who belongs to Goa? This question resurfaces as the State battles the raging pandemic" 13846: 12736: 12614: 11614: 11421:

Missionary Narratives – Chapter 6: Healing Bodies and Saving Souls: The Medical Mission

11269: 11007: 10999: 10199: 10014:

First Voyage of the Apostle Thomas to India: Ancient Christianity in Bharuch and Taxila

9145: 9042:

The American Church that Might Have Been: A History of the Consultation on Church Union

8954: 8923: 8039: 7686: 7671: 7656: 7626: 7621: 7550: 7523: 7316: 7289: 7238: 7171: 5579: 5376: 5130: 5100: 4848: 4258: 4207: 4177: 3862: 3778: 3766: 3762: 3700: 3638: 3618: 3602: 3493:. From 1527, the Paravars, being threatened by Arab fleets offshore who were supported 3463: 3202: 3180: 3132: 3117: 3113: 3084: 3069: 2868: 2823: 2761: 2599: 2591: 2558: 2422: 2256: 2216: 2196: 2180: 1987: 598: 562: 491: 451: 446: 431: 421: 386: 353: 333: 323: 318: 14952:

The Indian Christians of St Thomas: An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar

14898:

Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700–1900

13509: 13263: 11989: 11763: 7214:

The arrival of European colonialists brought about large-scale missionary activity in

5308:(with a following estimated at somewhere between 449,550 and 1,000,000), of which the 4485:

is the first European place of worship in India and incidentally also the place where

4047: 3288:

appealed to several eastern Christian churches for regularizing his consecration. The

17343: 17326: 17280: 16051: 15914: 15887: 15864: 15843: 15836: 15810: 15771: 15630: 15567: 15523: 15480: 15438: 15421: 15355: 15330: 15300: 15279: 15258: 15228: 15188: 15164: 15160:

India and the Apostle Thomas: An Inquiry, with a Critical Analysis of the Acta Thomae

15143: 15124: 15105: 15084: 15065: 15044: 15022: 15010: 14988: 14967: 14926: 14902: 14869: 14754: 13998: 13850: 13838: 13740: 13433: 13203: 13160: 13092: 13037: 12998: 12969: 12942: 12915: 12878: 12802: 12667: 12513: 12393: 12303: 11456:"Kannada Dialect Dictionaries and Dictionaries in Subregional Languages of Karnataka" 11380: 11353: 11273: 11184: 11155: 11144: 11122: 11111: 11059: 11011: 10957: 10791: 10389: 10209: 10167: 10052: 10018: 9906: 9792: 9782: 9759: 9749: 9709: 9685: 9552: 9149: 9135: 9045: 8805: 8644: 8572: 8517: 8435: 8351: 8325: 8289: 8190: 7909: 7676: 7651: 7438: 7355: 7223: 6199: 5773: 5487: 5469: 5331: 5286: 5247: 5086: 4971: 4928: 4921: 4893: 4861: 4383: 4371: 4358:(AICIC) played an important role in the Indian independence movement, advocating for 4270: 4239: 4150: 4121: 4110: 3788: 3758: 3665: 3642: 3579: 3509: 3434: 3337: 3258: 3246: 3206: 3037: 2826:(the only Universal Syrian Orthodox Patriarch to be buried in India) at Manjinikara, 2626: 2579: 2517: 2509: 2474: 2470: 2365: 2344: 2192: 2149: 2109: 2105: 2010: 1971: 368: 338: 223: 215: 14253: 13894: 11617:, "'A Christian Benares' Orientalism, science and the Serampore Mission of Bengal." 9291:"Arrests, beatings and secret prayers: Inside the persecution of India's Christians" 9273:"Arrests, Beatings and Secret Prayers: Inside the Persecution of India's Christians" 8377: 7199: 3757:

was made an independent archbishopric, and its first suffragan sees were erected at

2368:. One tradition holds that he preached the Gospel in India, prior to his travels to 17376: 17366: 17335: 16612: 15975: 15794: 15733: 15719: 15660: 15641: 15503: 15211: 14503: 13906: 13902: 13830: 12728: 12429: 11667: 11424: 11261: 10991: 10947: 10668: 10388:

N.M. Mathew. St. Thomas Christians of Malabar Through Ages. CSS Tiruvalla. (2003).

9227:

Pinto, Ambrose (19 August 2017). "Christian Contribution to the Freedom Struggle".

9127: 8915: 8636: 8486: 8034: 7706: 7701: 7641: 7496: 7295:

In 2008, there was again violence against Christians, particularly in the state of

7278: 7219: 7021: 6938: 5546: 5528: 5243: 4983: 4247: 4032: 3944: 3824: 3704: 3515: 3498: 3446: 3438: 3234: 3214: 3172: 3022: 2513: 2446: 2285: 2133: 2078: 2054: 2042: 1974:

with about 26 million adherents, making up 2.3 percent of the population as of the

363: 255: 235: 227: 199: 191: 159: 155: 151: 15473:

Jones, Arun (2012). "Christianity in South Asia". In Farhadian, Charles E. (ed.).

14408:"Indian Supreme Court: State Response to Anti-Christian Mob Violence 'Inadequate'" 13361: 10790:. Vol. 23. The Pacific Historical Review. 4 November 1954. pp. 407–408. 9573:"Mizoram BJP vice-president resigns in protest against church burnings in Manipur" 9317:"India: Attack on Indian revival meeting sends Christians underground | IIRF" 3336:, who entered into a new communion with the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch, an 2630: 2402: 16834: 15908: 15858: 15765: 15751: 15737: 15723: 15709: 15698: 15585:

History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East

15474: 15432: 15407: 15383:

Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan and the struggle with the Musalman powers of the south

15370: 15345: 15324: 15294: 15273: 15252: 15182: 15099: 15059: 15002: 14982: 14950: 14920: 14896: 14876: 14662: 12936: 12597: 12387: 11629: 11603: 11374: 11360: 11229: 10951: 10933: 10675: 10629: 10571: 10558: 10496: 10203: 10046: 10012: 9703: 8474:

The Marrano Factory. The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians, 1536–1765

8283: 7885: 7691: 5848: 5835: 5524: 5309: 5305: 5162:

and 50,000 other Christians in India. Other sources estimate the total number of

5155: 5120: 4932: 4716: 4677: 4556: 4497: 4425: 4293: 4266: 4074: 4066: 3987: 3960: 3796: 3743: 3712: 3566:

holds a religious assembly in the Ibadat Khana; the two men dressed in black are

3563: 3532: 3454:

in the late 15th century, came Portuguese missionaries who made contact with the

3289: 3065: 3041: 3033: 3014: 2784: 2622: 2621:, with laymen and clergy alike engaging in missionary activity. The existence of 2610: 2524: 2482: 2434: 2317: 2313: 2297: 2293: 2228: 2026: 665: 247: 211: 143: 15202:

Oddie, Geoffrey A. (2001). "Indian Christians and National Identity 1870–1947".

14841:"Indian Kashmir, two Christians arrested on false charges of forced conversions" 14694: 14099: 13760: 11146:

The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536–1765

11113:

The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536–1765

10689:"Byzantine-Ottoman Wars: Fall of Constantinople and spurring "age of discovery"" 8632:

The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536-1765

8187:

Christians in South Indian Villages, 1959–2009: Decline and Revival in Telangana

5346:

with 275,000 members, and the Evangelical Church of India with 250,000 members.

3675:

Christian maidens of Goa meeting a Portuguese nobleman seeking a wife, from the

3029:

who visited in 1292, mentioned that there were Christians in the Malabar coast.

2913:

colonies in Kerala during the 4th century. Babylonian Christians settled on the

2613:

around 226 AD, there were bishops of the Church of the East in northwest India,

17394: 16494: 14664:

The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle. From July to December, 1833

13834: 12095: 11821:

Marina Ngursangzeli Behera, "William Carey and the British East India Company"

11265: 10765: 9974: 7984: 7949: 7939: 7646: 7304: 7274: 7249: 6211: 5358: 5323: 5048: 5015: 5002:

held in most major cities form a distinctive part of Indian Christian culture.

4897: 4881: 4398: 4162: 4154: 4138: 3916: 3835: 3754: 3708: 3626: 3061: 2983: 2979: 2872: 2529: 2501: 2212: 2062: 2002: 1991: 481: 441: 401: 396: 195: 187: 179: 175: 163: 15798: 15507: 13569: 13088:

South Asian Christian Diaspora: Invisible Diaspora in Europe and North America

11223:

http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2006/07/02/stories/2006070200200500.htm

10995: 9631:"Hindu Charity in Texas Reportedly Raising Cash to Demolish Churches in India" 9451:"'Misuse' of PESA Act in Ghar Wapsi of Chhattisgarh Tribal Christians: Report" 8919: 8640: 5297:, 648,000 Methodists, 2,392,694 Baptists, and 823,456 Presbyterians in India. 4006:, published a Malayalam-English dictionary (1872), and contributed to work on 3852:), but the fort's officials were subordinate to the viceroy in the capital of 3784:

A significant portion of the crew on Portuguese ships were Indian Christians.

3578:, anchored at Cochin on 26 November 1500. Cabral soon won the goodwill of the 17543: 17274: 15929: 15761: 15747: 15434:

Christians and Missionaries in India: Cross-Cultural Communication since 1500

15178: 13842: 13245: 13041: 13002: 11539: 11330: 11325: 9796: 7554: 7546: 7531: 7504: 7312: 7215: 7047: 6986: 5301: 5290: 5151: 5110: 5022: 5007: 4905: 4870: 4836: 4827: 4760: 4541: 4486: 4477: 4142: 4124:

is one of the oldest continuously operating educational institutions in India

4070: 4017: 3991: 3857: 3732: 3719:, but the tribunal commenced only in 1560. The Inquisition office persecuted 3684: 3630: 3610: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3451: 3388: 3237:. Resentment of these measures led to some part of the community to join the 2914: 2890: 2881:, a Syriac Christian merchant, brought a group of 72 Christian families from 2845: 2671:, is believed to be the first Christian church built in India, circa 52 A. D. 2595: 2505: 2129: 2089: 416: 219: 207: 203: 183: 171: 15556:

Christianity in a Revolutionary Age. Vol. 5, The 20th Century outside Europe

15215: 13629: 12879:"Statistics by Country, by Percentage Catholic [Catholic-Hierarchy]" 9763: 9684:, Micropædia. vol. 1, p. 924. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998. 7264:

district in Odisha, India. In the annual human rights reports for 1999, the

3884: 3683:

The Portuguese government supported the missionaries. At the same time many

3524: 3102: 17295: 15694: 9820: 9779:

Mar Thomma Margam: a new catechism for the Saint Thomas Christians of India

8629:

Saraiva, António José; Salomon, Herman Prins; Sassoon (28 September 2001).

8521: 8329: 7857: 7469: 7446: 7434: 7426: 7392: 7204: 5444: 5052: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4987: 4967:

which have contributed to the strengthening of Christian culture in India.

4620: 4320: 4307:

village, four years after his Assamese helper, Godhula, baptised the first

3800: 3696: 3540: 3441:, and severed European trade links by land with Asia. This massive blow to 3266: 3218: 3184: 3161: 3142:(780–823 AD) in the eighth century, served by bishops and a local dynastic 2841: 2625:

in India is further substantiated by the records acknowledging the work of

2445:. After years of evangelization in South India, Saint Thomas was killed at 2252: 2153: 2030: 2006: 1967: 15627:

Dalit's Encounter with Christianity. A Case Study of Mahars in Maharashtra

14061: 14025:"Social, Economic and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India" 12186:"Medak Cathedral Church | District Medak, Government of Telangana | India" 10961: 10551: 10353: 8862:"India's Foreign Funding Ban on Missionaries of Charity Fuels Controversy" 4180:, began sending missionaries to India and established mission stations at 3923:. They made little progress at first, but gradually the mission spread to 17284: 16424: 14892: 14607: 13070:. The Syro-Malankara Catholic Major Archiepiscopal Church. Archived from 12852: 11304:

The life of Christian F. Swartz: Missionary at Travancore. A.D. 1750-1798

10911: 8759:"Contribution of Christian Missionaries to Social work Practice in India" 8168: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8154: 8152: 7349: 7189: 7002: 5395: 5317: 5294: 5172: 5078: 4936: 4791: 4493: 4429: 4386:

for both organisations and individuals; this came to be reflected in the

4328: 4324: 4316: 4308: 4304: 4254: 4058: 4036: 3995: 3831: 3728: 3614: 3442: 3277: 3010: 2882: 2861: 2849: 2614: 2543: 2426: 2377: 2176: 2165: 2117: 2113: 2034: 15664: 14508: 14492:) and Going Away: Politics and the Mass Conversion Controversy in India" 14487: 11593:

The Legacy of William Carey: A Model for the Transformation of a Culture

11428: 11343:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 389. 9926: 8958: 8942: 8927: 8903: 6245:

States with Christian majority or plurality in India as per 2011 census

17479: 17474: 16888: 12740: 12716: 10180: 9433:"Christians face conversion threat in riot-hit Indian state - UCA News" 9006: 8972: 7413: 7282: 7257: 6954: 6223: 4437: 4433: 4312: 4211: 4189: 3981: 3977: 3692: 3528: 3238: 3143: 3026: 2995: 2975: 2878: 2757: 2606: 2466: 2361: 2101: 2070: 2038: 167: 16671: 15515: 14083:

Shirodkar, P. P. "Socio-Cultural Life in Goa during 16th Century". In

11016: 11003: 10358:(the indigenous Catholic inhabitants of Bombay, Salsette and Bassein)" 8149: 7180: 3154:. The 16th century witnessed the colonial overtures of the Portuguese 17469: 17371: 16472: 16227: 15244:

Francis Xavier: His Life, His Times: Indonesia & India, 1545–1549

14379: 13971: 13737:

The Mennonite Brethren Church Around the World: Celebrating 150 Years

12360: 9881:

5. 9–10. Pantaenus, who was known by Clement of Alexandria (Eusebius

9191: 9189: 9187: 9185: 8695:"Christianity hasn't failed in India. Conversion isn't its only goal" 8207: 7535: 7512: 7480: 7473: 7418: 7332: 7270: 7185: 6826: 6215: 6191: 6183:

Christianity is the predominant religion in the North East states of

5082: 4991: 4913: 4806:

Kerala Christians have a unique tradition of photographing funerals.

4794: 4756: 4600: 4580: 4106: 4040: 4025: 4003: 3928: 3904: 3853: 3812: 3736: 3634: 3622: 3151: 2590:

tradition, the Syrian church was established between 52 and 54 AD by

2494: 2462: 2301: 2244: 2240: 2204: 2200: 2161: 2046: 781: 139: 15838:

Eastern Definitions: A Short Encyclopedia of Religions of the Orient

15605:, Vol. I (India) 1982, Vol. II (Kerala) 1973, Vol. III (India) 2010. 15296:

The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913

13787: 13539: 12732: 8630: 8403:"Benedict XVI, General Audience, St Peter's Square: Thomas the twin" 4884:

have adopted a more Western culture. The dance, song and cuisine of

4822: 17484: 16285: 16154: 16014: 15615:. Vol. 2. Trichur: St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India. 14810:"Indian Kashmir, 'unknown arsonists' set fire to a Catholic church" 12308: 8699: 7879: 7391:; which was involved in the violent and forceful demolition of the 7384: 7343: 7336: 7261: 7092: 7054: 6184: 5782: 5649: 5627: 5183:, constitute the second largest group at over 5 million (50 lakh). 4979: 4952: 4559:

is one of the oldest churches as well as a popular pilgrim site in

3739: 3523:

In the 16th century, the proselytisation of Asia was linked to the

3475: 3187: 3156: 3068:; the descendants of these converts would later become part of the 2780: 2725: 2575: 2442: 2385: 2373: 2232: 2050: 231: 9182: 6399: 4508:. Most Protestant cathedrals and churches in India conform to the 3891:, built in 1718, is one of the oldest Protestant churches in India 3547:

near Kozhikode on 20 May 1498, along with the Portuguese explorer

2500:

Another church tradition concerning the birth of Jesus holds that

2372:, while others hold that Bartholomew travelled as a missionary in 2195:

denomination, which resulted from the evangelism and ecumenism of

13502: 12012:"Gemmakonrad's Travel Blog: Mamallapuram, India – April 25, 2006" 11372: 10302:"The greate prelates who shaped the history of diocese of quilon" 8203: 8068:"India's population at 1.21 billion; Hindus 79.8%, Muslims 14.2%" 7865: 7073: 6890: 6207: 6195: 6188: 5737: 4866: 4536:

is one of the first examples of British colonial architecture in

4529: 4215: 4181: 4098: 3932: 3747: 3606: 3503: 3494: 3490: 3285: 3273: 3262: 3242: 3057: 3056:

on 21 August 1329 AD. In 1321, Jordanus Catalani also arrived in

2910: 2894: 2857: 2668: 2486: 2450: 2381: 2369: 2236: 2157: 2018: 2014: 1925: 243: 15739:

Indian Christians: Search for Identity and Struggle for Autonomy

14130:"Bearing the cross: Recent attacks against Christians worrisome" 10956:. Dharmārām studies. Vol. 2. Bangalore: Dharmaram College. 9649:"Kerala church backs BJP neta for saving shrine from demolition" 8472:

Salomon, H. P. and Sassoon, I. S. D., in Saraiva, Antonio Jose.

4943:, who were the first subjects of English rule, in the erstwhile 4623:

is an example of the Portuguese-Manueline style of architecture.

4085: 3903:

The first Protestant missionaries to set foot in India were two

36: 15326:

Christian Themes in Indian Art: From the Mogul Times Till Today

13788:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census" 12717:"The Marriage Customs of the Christians in South Canara, India" 12540:"Indian Christians Treat Their Women Better, Sex Ratio Highest" 12337: 12335: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10623:

https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malankara-Syriac-Orthodox-Church

7989: 7508: 7500: 7484: 7296: 6219: 6179:

Distribution of Christian population in different Indian states

5231: 5011: 4909: 4856: 4852: 4844: 4752: 4658: 4462: 4421: 4417: 4375: 4359: 4276:

Many upper-class Bengalis converted to Christianity during the

4185: 4102: 4062: 4021: 4016:

was the first German missionary doctor in India as part of the

3999: 3924: 3849: 3724: 3567: 3544: 3536: 3483: 3479: 3392: 3245:, in swearing never to submit to the Portuguese Jesuits in the 3053: 2991: 2956: 2937: 2922: 2827: 2807: 2692: 2634: 2629:, a 5th-century missionary of Indian origin who evangelised in 2583: 2562: 2430: 2141: 2066: 2022: 1995: 239: 14776: 14774: 14772: 14770: 14343:"Violence in India Is Fueled by Religious and Economic Divide" 14100:"Politics by Other Means: Attacks Against Christians in India" 13323:"PENTECOSTALISM IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW Stanley M. Burgess 2001" 13115: 12426:"Goan People, Culture and Festivals in Goa: India Line Travel" 10821: 10506: 10205:

Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean

4465:'s famed teak wood and often enclosed in copper hoses or paras 3955:. The seat of the bishop, the cathedral and its church house, 3146:. In the 14th century, the Church of the East declined due to 15275:

Origin of Christianity in India: A Historiographical Critique

15184:

A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707

15140:

Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians

15021:. Vol. 5. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 13622:"The Official Site of The Presbyterian Church of India (PCI)" 11922:"Art Architecture India Christian Kerala Syrian Christianity" 9488:"Are India's Christians and Muslims Forced to Become Hindus?" 7583: 7558: 7492: 7488: 7328: 6203: 5095:

Relative size of Christian traditions in India, according to

5039: 5034: 5030: 4814: 4560: 4537: 4413: 3804: 3720: 3661: 3430: 3226: 3045: 3013:, written between 2nd and 3rd century AD, which mentions the 2987: 2490: 2357: 147: 16188:

Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam

15322: 14791: 14789: 13694:"Statistics and Church Facts | Total Church Membership" 12332: 11221:

The Legacy that Ziegenbalg Left (by). S. Muthiah (The Hindu

10804: 10145: 10143: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9204: 4451:

The open-air granite (rock) cross called the Nasrani Sthamba

2437:

in or near ancient Jewish colonies by preaching among local

14767: 14718:"Monti Fest Originated at Farangipet – 240 Years Ago!" 14643: 13723:

Arunachal Pradesh Christian Revival Church Council (APCRCC)

13355:"Critique Of Pentecostal Mission By A Friendly Evangelical" 10980:"Flight of the Deities: Hindu Resistance in Portuguese Goa" 9545:

Marshall, Paul; Gilbert, Lela; Shea, Nina (11 March 2013).

9126:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 156–167. 8844:"Indian Government Regulation Squeezes Christian Charities" 6408:

Christian population per state in India as per 2011 census

5026: 4533: 4402:

Reliquiary of St. Thomas kept at Kodungallur church, Kerala

4334: 4219: 3092: 2438: 15347:

Religion in Victorian Britain. Vol. V – Culture and Empire

14576:"'Chrisanghis': The rise of the Christian right in Kerala" 14220:"US rights report slams India for anti-Christian violence" 12156:"200 Years of the Iconic St George's Cathedral in Chennai" 11202: 11200: 10833: 10530: 10471: 9663: 9591:"Political blame game continues over demolition of church" 9510:"Nationalist party: India is not a country for Christians" 9165:"3. Religious demography of Indian states and territories" 8826:"The Regulation Suffocating Christian Ministries in India" 7456:

The Bakur Manuscript reports Tippu Sultan as having said:

4986:. Cities with significant Christian populations celebrate 4661:

city is an example of modern church architecture in India.

4113:

to nurture a uniquely Indian variety of European science.

2652:

or Syrian Christians of ancient days from an old painting.

16276:

United Church of Northern India – Presbyterian Synod

15629:, ISPK – Ishvani Kendra: Delhi – Pune, 230 pp. 15412:(Revised ed.). Madras: Christian Literature Society. 14786: 12313: 11940: 10518: 10399: 10228:

Syrian Christians of Kerala- SG Pothen- page 32-33 (1970)

10140: 10116: 9201: 8227:"The Surprisingly Early History of Christianity in India" 7604: 6392: 6227: 4951:

is a widely used supplement for worship in the two major

4885: 3816: 3103:

Portuguese efforts to Catholicize Saint Thomas Christians

2309: 2215:. Consequently, these churches are part of the worldwide 2156:& to campaign for Hindu social reforms. However, the 2061:

that a Christian community had firmly established in the

2009:

who had settled in what is present-day Kerala before the

72:

at 6.14 million (18.4% of state population). Majority in

15910:

The martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East

15001: 10186: 9415:"India Accelerates Forced Conversions | FSSPX News" 9169:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

8454: 8172: 14190:"Remembering Graham Staines, 18 Years After His Murder" 12273:"St James, Delhi's oldest church set to get a facelift" 12218:. Official website of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. 12096:"Indian Philately Digest : News : April 2014" 12046: 11453: 11197: 11041:

Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire

5338:, the New Apostolic Church with 1,448,209 members, the 5021:

Christian weddings in India conform to the traditional

3765:. The whole of the East came under the jurisdiction of 15460:

The Centenary of the Methodist Church in Southern Asia

13895:"Church of North India, Archival Collection, CNI-2024" 11376:

Land and people of Indian states and union territories

10576:. Office of the Registrar General. 1965. p. 111. 9727: 9725: 8457:

Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Christianity

8317:"Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St Thomas" 8260: 8098:"Mumbai Suburban District Religion Data - Census 2011" 7925:

Christian seminaries and theological colleges in India

7511:, owing to the friendly offices of the Chauta Raja of 4994:

is the most important festival for Indian Christians.

4693:

Church of South India Cathedral of St. George, Chennai

15880:

Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times: India, 1541–1544

15725:

Sixteenth century traditions of St. Thomas Christians

15688:

A History of Christianity in Asia, Vol. II, 1500–1900

15453:

History of Hindu-Christian encounters, AD 304 to 1996

15081:

Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present

15061:

Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present

14445:. UCLA College of Letters and Science. Archived from 13592:"Member Church Feature: Presbyterian Church of India" 13030:"In Kerala, the Church is a crucial political player" 12304:"The photo tradition at Christian funerals in Kerala" 10857: 8628: 8568:

Discoveries, Missionary Expansion, and Asian Cultures

8350:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans. p. 72. 5279:

the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Mission

4935:

as a result of the influence and dominance of former

3898: 3044:

European missionary to arrive in India. He landed in

2777:

Marth Mariam Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church

2687:, the traditional founder of Indian Christianity, in 2288:

who keep their faith in secret or hiding, due to the

16005: 15241: 14720:. Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Archived from 13287: 13285: 13283: 13281: 12126:"200 years of Bangalore's oldest Christian landmark" 12034: 11053: 10851: 10273:"Milestones in the History of the Diocese of Quilon" 8598: 7847: 7589: 7581: 7228:

Mahratta invasion of Goa-Anjediva and Bombay-Bassein

3687:

from Portugal emigrated to India as a result of the

3613:

by the Bull Quequem Reputamus, raised Funchal as an

2871:

describes an evangelical mission to India by Bishop

16183:

Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States

15590:Menachery, George, Ed., various publications incl. 14940:Borges, Charles J.; Feldmann, Helmut, eds. (1997). 14486:Rajeshwar, Yashasvini; Amore, Roy C. (9 May 2019). 13913: 11779:

Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 61

10128: 9722: 9544: 7359: 7347: 6198:, and has substantial populations in the states of 4888:has been greatly influenced by the Portuguese. The 4246:was instrumental in translating the Bible into the 4161:was the first Lutheran missionary in the region of 3332:which continue to employ the East Syriac Rite. The 2227:. Christianity is the largest religion in parts of 16608:List of Christian denominations in Northeast India 16343:Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars 15835: 15594:in 3 vols. and The Indian Church History Classics 14744: 13317: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13303: 13178: 13176: 12968:. Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd. pp. 135–136. 11727: 11454:Manjulakshi, L.; Shripad Bhat (9 September 2005). 11015: 10198: 8601:"India in the World; the World in India 1450-1770" 8324:. Vol. 2. Madras: BNK Press. pp. 26–27. 8315: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7451:captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam 7405:captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam 7235:1998 attacks on Christians in southeastern Gujarat 6403:Percentage Christian population, India census 2011 3127:Historically, this community was organised as the 3025:in 883 AD sent presents to St. Thomas Christians. 2364:tour to India, where he left behind a copy of the 2298:forced conversion to Hinduism by political parties 15621:Indian Church History Classics. Vol.I (Nazranies) 15242:Schurhammer, Georg; Costelloe, M. Joseph (1980). 14870:Christian convert from Islam shot dead in Kashmir 14001:. Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. 13278: 13147:. Archived from the original on 21 September 2003 11306:. London: Seeley, Jackon, Halliday and B. Seeley. 10237:Manimekalai, by Merchant Prince Shattan, Gatha 27 10192: 8220: 8218: 7194:September 2008 attacks on Christians in Mangalore 6170: 4226:. They were converted through the efforts of the 4080: 3939:is still the official title of the bishop of the 3879: 3527:. Missionaries of the different orders including 17541: 16481:Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists 15612:The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India 15142:(1st ed.). Bangalore: I.J.A. Publications. 14284:"India: Stop Hindu-Christian Violence in Orissa" 13142:"Unitarian/Unitarian Universalist, continued..." 12566:"Global Perspective: India's Christian identity" 12450: 11535:"Miscellany - Early years of Kannada journalism" 11244: 10669:https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thomas-Christians 10483: 8599:Langford Louro, Michele; Spodek, Howard (2007). 8487:"'Goa Inquisition was most merciless and cruel'" 8185:Carman, John B.; Rao, Chilkuri Vasantha (2014). 7335:of churches, forced conversion of Christians to 7325:2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka 4873:Jewish elements, along with some Hindu customs. 4370:formed a working committee with M. Rahnasamy of 3839: 3395:in 1524 and was originally buried in this church 3316:Historic divisions among Saint Thomas Christians 1982:mention that Christianity was introduced to the 16503:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 15592:The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India 15418:British Women Missionaries in Bengal, 1793–1861 14590:"Why, as a Christian, I support the Ram Mandir" 13823:The Indian Economic & Social History Review 13785: 13652:"International Resources for Latter-day Saints" 13510:"United Pentecostal Church of North East India" 13381:The Witness of New Christian Movements in India 13300: 13252: 13234: 13216: 13190:. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014 13173: 13134: 13116:"Overview – MAR THOMA SYRIAN CHURCH OF MALABAR" 12389:Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey 10707: 10681: 10419:"How did Timur change the history of the world" 8564: 8431:The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities 8322:The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India 6111:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3048:in around 1320. By a separate bull, that reads 16348:Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India 15603:The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India 14939: 14485: 14313:"Anti-Christian Violence on the Rise in India" 14084: 12452: 11959: 11916: 11914: 11912: 11910: 11781:. Indian History Congress. pp. 1011–1022. 9247:"From Thomas the Apostle to Crypto Christians" 8777:"Social Reform Movement in 19th Century India" 8345: 8341: 8339: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8215: 7156: 5312:are a significant subset. The closely related 4532:, the first Anglican Church built east of the 4242:in the early 18th century. British missionary 3160:aiming to bring St Thomas Christians into the 2356:(5:10) states that Bartholomew, a disciple of 17311: 16904: 16657: 16261:Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India 16218:United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India 16178:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh 15991: 15928:This article includes material from the 1995 15767:A History of Christianity in India: 1707–1858 14753:. London; New York: Penguin. pp. 52–66. 14367: 13792:International Journal of Research in Religion 13110: 13108: 12532: 11951:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSinghet_al2007 ( 11720: 11301: 11254:International Bulletin of Missionary Research 10977: 10764:. M.B. Herald, Vol. 35, No. 9. Archived from 10328:"Gazetteers Of The Bombay Presidency – Thana" 10010: 9044:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 14–15. 8372: 8370: 7425:travelled through this route on their way to 7354:('returning home'), sponsored by a number of 7248:On 22 January 1999, an Australian missionary 5874:Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India 5145: 4153:missionary arrived in 1833. He worked in the 2885:to Kerala in the 4th century. He was granted 2409:originated in Ancient Egypt according to the 2152:system to the Indian subcontinent, to preach 2069:at the latest; the community was composed of 1948: 751: 17325: 15409:An Introduction to Indian Christian Theology 14715: 14550:"India is number 10 on the World Watch List" 13865:"Census of India – History of Indian Census" 13820: 13420:. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015 13387:. IAMS Conf. Malaysia 31 July – 7 Aug 2004. 13084: 12961: 12853:"Factfile: Roman Catholics around the world" 11891:. Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of india. 11447: 11247:"The Legacy of Christian Friedrich Schwartz" 10904:"Factfile: Roman Catholics around the world" 9905:. Westport: Praeger Publishers. p. 27. 9548:Persecuted: The Global Assault on Christians 8444:– via University Press of New England. 8434:. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. p. 27. 8313: 8231:Smithsonian Journeys Travel Quarterly: India 7832: 7518:An instigating factor that helped spark the 7398: 5409:Devotees light candles and pray outside the 4947:and the adjacent areas of north Konkan. The 4374:serving as president and B.L. Rallia Ram of 4073:, and is remembered now as a pioneer of the 3175:, formally subjugating them and their whole 2096:was established in the European colonies of 15882:. Vol. 2. Jesuit Historical Institute. 15877: 15646:"The Early Spread of Christianity in India" 15598:for some 1500 photos and art reproductions. 15343: 15271: 14959: 14915: 14375:"BJP MLA convicted in Kandhamal riots case" 14059: 13949: 13476: 12610:"Anglo-Indians mark Christmas with charity" 12066:"The story of the fifth Bishop of Calcutta" 11907: 11619:Indian Economic & Social History Review 11363:. Pressacademy.org. Retrieved 28 July 2013. 11083:. Penguin Books. pp. 109–121, 128–131. 10978:Axelrod, Paul; Fuerch, Michelle A. (1996). 10405: 10122: 10111:A History of the Expansion of Christianity, 10078: 9889:6.14.8), was certainly a historical person. 9873: 9871: 9862: 9669: 8336: 8302: 8281: 7895:Ancient Christianity in Indian subcontinent 7522:was, for Muslims sepoys, resistance to the 7161: 3466:. The missionaries sought to introduce the 3458:in Kerala. These Christians were following 17318: 17304: 16911: 16897: 16664: 16650: 15998: 15984: 15949:"8 key findings about Christians in India" 15906: 15787:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 15430: 15292: 15078: 15057: 13950:Ernest Hull (1909). "Archdiocese of Goa". 13899:Church of North India, Archival Collection 13786:Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane (2015). 13584: 13406: 13242:"Baptist World Alliance – Statistics" 13105: 12991:"Kerala has 164 forward caste communities" 12928: 12815: 12764: 12762: 12714: 11946: 11870:American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, 11836:"Old Fulton NY Post Cards By Tom Tryniski" 11691: 11689: 11373:S. C. Bhatt and Gopal K. Bhargava (2005). 11058:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 56. 10875: 10839: 10827: 10536: 10524: 10512: 10477: 10149: 9898: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9701: 9163:Center, Pew Research (21 September 2021). 8947:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 8571:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 80. 8479: 8367: 8189:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 31. 8062: 8060: 5821:Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade (OBEC) 5806:Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church (JELC) 4880:by the Portuguese in the 16th century AD, 4865:(Thomasine Christians) have a unique Syro- 4257:of Bihar, the ethnoreligious community of 3807:, the Bednore Queen of Mangalore. Most of 3292:Patriarch responded and sent metropolitan 2132:. Conversions also took place through the 1955: 1941: 758: 744: 302: 16256:Presbyterian Free Church of Central India 15770:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 15608: 15386:. Delhi: Adabiyat-I Delli. Archived from 15329:. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. 15187:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 15156: 15043:. Vol. 2. Government Central Press. 14980: 14922:The Church of the East: A Concise History 14901:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14795: 14780: 14507: 14082: 13999:"Census of India – Religious Composition" 13027: 12941:. 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Trent University Press. pp. 12–15. 11056:Goa Through the Ages: An economic history 10745: 10547: 10545: 10222: 10011:Kurikilamkatt, James (31 December 2005). 9998: 9743: 9220: 8801:Recent Philosophies of Education in India 8184: 7387:ideology & extremist groups like the 4492:Indian Christian architecture during the 4356:All India Conference of Indian Christians 3497:of Calicut, sought the protection of the 2800:St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala 2324:, except in Kerala (the Malabar region). 2272:All India Conference of Indian Christians 725:All India Conference of Indian Christians 572:Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church 16918: 16853:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 16395:North Bank Baptist Christian Association 15856: 15732: 15718: 15493: 15121:Goa Dourada: the Indo-Portuguese bouquet 15097: 14984:The Last Mughal: The Fall of Delhi, 1857 14955:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14944:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. 14709: 14633: 14631: 14629: 14286:. Human Rights Watch. 30 December 2007. 12955: 12938:One Body in Christ: Ecumenical Snapshots 12934: 12788: 12715:Silva, Severine; Fuchs, Stephen (1965). 11785: 11329: 11240: 11238: 11181:Continuum International Publishing Group 10973: 10971: 10946: 10815: 10564: 9885:5.11.1–2; 6.13.2) and Origen (Eusebius, 9868: 9776: 9702:Curtin, D. P.; Nath, Nithul (May 2017). 9132:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0014 9072:. IDOC-North America. 1971. p. 85. 8940: 8901: 8282:Curtin, D. P.; James, M.R. (June 2018). 8224: 8020:List of Protestant missionaries in India 7713: 7609: 7412: 7342:A program or movement with its roots in 7252:and his two sons were burnt to death by 7198: 7179: 6398: 6174: 6054:Philadelphia Fellowship Church of India 5797:List of Lutheran Denominations Worldwide 5421:List of Christian denominations in India 4939:rule, this is evident in the culture of 4821: 4813: 4397: 4335:Role in the Indian independence movement 4115: 4084: 3883: 3670: 3625:, deputing the whole of India under the 3554: 3514: 3462:practices and under the jurisdiction of 3379: 3311: 3205:in 1597 gave the then Archbishop of Goa 3079: 3017:people by referring to them by the name 2927: 2760:is believed to have been founded by St. 2401: 2183:, Bihar, formed in the early 1700s. The 15640: 15379: 15368: 15323:Anand Amaladass; Gudrun Löwner (2012). 15222: 15137: 15035: 14667:. Vol. CIII. Part II. 1833. p. 388 14649: 14596: 14528:only way to end terror says BJP leader" 14307: 14305: 13964: 13524: 13291: 12759: 12471:Official website of Diocese of Manglore 12052: 11686: 11591:Vishal Mangalwadi and Ruth Mangalwadi, 11310: 11206: 11141: 11108: 11038: 10898: 10896: 10890:Britannica CD 97, S.V "Gama, Vasco da " 10231: 9818: 9803: 9119: 9079: 9039: 9033: 8965: 8665:"Christian Impact on India, History of" 8346:Allen C. Myers, ed. (1987). "Aramaic". 8119: 8057: 7256:while sleeping in his station wagon at 7020:Caste demographic data reported by the 4719:is one of the largest churches in Asia. 4393: 3691:. Many of them were suspected of being 3375: 3201:, an ancient body formerly part of the 3052:, he was appointed the first Bishop of 2835: 2243:. It also is a significant religion in 46:St George's Church, Kadamattom, Kerala. 14: 17542: 16328:Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention 16123:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India 15913:. London: East & West Publishing. 15707: 15693: 15250: 14942:Goa and Portugal: Their Cultural Links 14807: 14801: 14430: 14418:from the original on 24 September 2016 14405: 14323:from the original on 25 September 2013 14251: 14247: 14245: 14005:from the original on 13 September 2015 13767:from the original on 22 September 2020 13725:, Annual Report as on 31 December 2015 12965:World Christianity in the 20th Century 12907: 12794: 12295: 12270: 12076:from the original on 25 September 2020 11573:from the original on 29 September 2022 11379:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 289. 11212: 10542: 10296: 10294: 10187:Fahlbusch, Bromiley & Lochman 2008 10044: 9953: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9485: 9214: 9162: 9123:Christianity in South and Central Asia 8797: 8707:from the original on 26 September 2021 8427: 8173:Fahlbusch, Bromiley & Lochman 2008 8115: 8113: 8111: 8015:List of Catholic missionaries in India 7605:List of Christian communities in India 5937:Council of Reformed Churches of India 5752:List of Baptist denominations in India 5604:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India 4990:days. As in other parts of the world, 4176:), a mission society working with the 4057:Another Lutheran German missionary to 3362:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India 3261:". Under the leadership of Archdeacon 2707:St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica, Chennai 2665:Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 457:Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly 17299: 16892: 16645: 16535:National Council of Churches in India 16266:Reformed Presbyterian Church of India 15979: 15784: 15760: 15746: 15561: 15472: 15201: 15177: 15118: 15104:. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 14948: 14925:. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon. 14891: 14820:from the original on 21 February 2020 14742: 14626: 14436: 13734: 13644: 13562:"India-The Lutheran World Federation" 13532:"Baptist World Alliance – Statistics" 12988: 12962:Davies, Noel; Conway, Martin (2008). 12770:"Population by religious communities" 12242:"Afghan church gets a glass makeover" 12040: 11852:from the original on 29 February 2012 11803:from the original on 16 November 2020 11729:"The Church Missionary Atlas (India)" 11488: 11470:from the original on 17 February 2012 11414: 11354:Herman Gundert | Kerala Press Academy 11283:from the original on 23 February 2022 11235: 11174: 10968: 10863: 10739: 10603: 10370:from the original on 10 February 2012 10334:from the original on 10 November 2010 10166:. Routledge Press. pp. 663–670. 10134: 10079:D'Souza, Ornella (23 December 2018). 9986: 9731: 9323:from the original on 30 December 2020 9226: 9195: 9017:from the original on 14 February 2021 8878: 8516:. Asia Publishing House. p. 43. 8237:from the original on 20 February 2016 7965:Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872 7321:2008 anti-Christian attacks in Orissa 7209:2008 anti-Christian attacks in Orissa 5890:Reformed Presbyterian Church of India 5435: 5289:and many other missions from Europe, 5270:denomination with 1,100,000 members. 3823:and to escape the persecution of the 3229:of St Thomas Christians started. The 720:National Council of Churches in India 16530:Church's Auxiliary for Social Action 16405:Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches 16203:Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church 15833: 15674:from the original on 24 January 2021 15653:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 15479:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 15402: 14963:Butler's Lives of the Saints: August 14838: 14461:"Attacks on Christians across India" 14387:from the original on 4 November 2014 14383:. Chennai, India. 9 September 2010. 14355:from the original on 1 November 2016 14351:. Tiangia, India. 3 September 2008. 14335: 14302: 14290:from the original on 4 November 2013 14264:from the original on 27 January 2011 14252:Bareth, Narayan (23 February 2005). 14200:from the original on 4 November 2020 14170:from the original on 11 January 2018 14072:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 13954:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 13681:2016 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses 13394:from the original on 6 November 2013 13122:from the original on 3 December 2015 12859:from the original on 15 January 2018 12492:"Tranquebar: a Danish town in India" 12385: 11776: 11740:from the original on 18 October 2020 11708:from the original on 20 January 2022 10893: 10449:"10 Terrors of the Tyrant Tamerlane" 10161: 9828:Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 8134:from the original on 1 February 2021 7920:Caste system among Indian Christians 7905:Anti-Christian violence in Karnataka 7327:state. The acts of violence include 7323:spilled over and escalated into the 7168:Violence against Christians in India 4524:is a typical example of this style. 4157:delta area until his death in 1852. 4137:was the first Protestant mission in 2824:Saint Moran Mor Ignatius Elias Third 2316:have also caused the demolitions of 2296:. Some Christians have gone through 2221:World Communion of Reformed Churches 2175:The oldest known Christian group in 527:Saint Thomas Christian denominations 63:Regions with significant populations 16463:Pentecostal Maranatha Gospel Church 16400:Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade 16246:Free Presbyterian Church, Kalimpong 16198:Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church 15700:The Chaldean Syrian Church in India 15431:Frykenberg, Robert E., ed. (2003). 15227:. New Delhi: Aryan Books Internat. 15083:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 15064:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 15015:"Syrian Orthodox Churches in India" 14960:Butler, Alban; Burns, Paul (1998). 14679: 14254:"State to bar religious conversion" 14242: 14053: 13931:from the original on 25 August 2015 13875:from the original on 19 August 2011 13602:from the original on 1 October 2020 13377: 12776:from the original on 6 January 2019 12498:. 22 September 2004. Archived from 12367:from the original on 6 October 1999 11698:"Church Missionary Society Archive" 11674:from the original on 4 October 2018 10561:on Synod of Diamper Church website. 10459:from the original on 6 January 2021 10291: 9944: 9361:"No Country for Religious Converts" 8983:from the original on 11 August 2020 8511: 8225:Zacharia, Paul (19 February 2016). 8108: 7230:are among the first known clashes. 6082:Unitarian Union of Northeast India 5997:Pentecostal Maranatha Gospel Church 3344:is the body from which present day 2840:India had a flourishing trade with 2508:, travelled from India to find the 2429:in the present day Indian state of 2005:say that the early Christians were 467:Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan 92:at 30%. Significant populations in 24: 16163:Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church 15963:"History of Christianity in India" 15753:Colonialism and Christian Missions 15437:. London and New York: Routledge. 15315: 15257:. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. 14608:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 14534:. 25 December 2014. Archived from 14467:from the original on 18 April 2020 14439:"Anti-Christian Violence in India" 14226:. 27 February 1999. 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Archived from 8879:Singh, Vijaita (14 October 2023). 8846:. 16 February 2021. Archived from 8727:"The Work of Pioneer Missionaries" 8078:from the original on 24 April 2021 7955:History of Pentecostalism in India 5716:Protestant Evangelical Pentecostal 5708:United Pentecostal Church in India 5701:Protestant Evangelical Pentecostal 5686:Protestant Evangelical Pentecostal 5565:(follows Oriental Orthodox faith) 4636:St. Paul's CNI Cathedral, Calcutta 4597:CNI Cathedral Church of Redemption 3899:German Lutherans and Basel mission 3821:Sackings of Goa and Bombay-Bassein 3711:requested the installation of the 3197: – Archbishop Abraham of the 2900: 2724:Altar of the St. Mary's Church in 2689:his namesake St. Thomas CNI church 2338: 2259:also existed in the subcontinent. 780: 262:Names in native languages include 25: 17561: 16213:Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church 16193:India Evangelical Lutheran Church 16118:Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church 16065:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 15941: 15933:Library of Congress Country Study 15251:Thomas, Abraham Vazhayil (1974). 15119:Issar, Tribhuvan Prakash (1997). 14851:from the original on 21 June 2019 14556:from the original on 24 June 2022 14412:Gleanings | ChristianityToday.com 13414:"India, continued... (Catholic-)" 13296:, Biblica Publishing, p. 408 13028:Kochukudy, Anand (6 April 2021). 13009:from the original on 11 June 2021 12833:from the original on 13 June 2020 12572:from the original on 4 March 2016 12520:from the original on 17 July 2017 12212:"All About All Saint's Cathedral" 11928:from the original on 2 April 2015 11648:from the original on 2 April 2015 11415:Veena, Maben (31 December 2012). 11078: 10910:. 29 January 2012. Archived from 10429:from the original on 5 March 2022 10279:from the original on 20 June 2017 10045:Thomas, Paul (17 December 2020). 9979:The Apostle Thomas in North India 9841:from the original on 4 March 2009 9777:Varghese, Pathikulangara (2004). 9708:. Dalcassian Publishing Company. 9471:. 18 October 2008. Archived from 9297:from the original on 7 April 2022 9253:from the original on 7 April 2022 9097:from the original on 27 June 2020 8739:from the original on 4 March 2016 8514:Portuguese Rule in Goa: 1510-1961 8288:. Dalcassian Publishing Company. 8120:Hackett, Conrad (December 2011). 7995:List of notable Indian Christians 7935:Church of India, Burma and Ceylon 7721:Christianity in Arunachal Pradesh 7266:United States Department of State 7188:, after it was vandalized by the 5555:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 5497:Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church 5428:Christian denominations in India 5411:Sacred Heart Cathedral, New Delhi 5264:Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church 5260:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 5228:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 5150:In 2011, Pew reported 18,860,000 4638:is one of the finest examples of 4141:which established its station at 4128: 4008:Bible translations into Malayalam 3941:Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church 3715:in a letter dated 16 May 1546 to 3370:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 3009:include the South Indian epic of 2806:, an Oriental Orthodox Saint, in 2327: 2086:discovery of a sea route to India 591:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 17279: 17270: 17269: 16458:Indian Pentecostal Church of God 16369:Karbi-Anglong Baptist Convention 16354:Arunachal Baptist Church Council 16173:Bodo Evangelical Lutheran Church 16070:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 16060:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 16007:Christian denominations in India 15842:. 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(Jainism-)" 13078: 13060: 13021: 12982: 12901: 12889:from the original on 1 July 2020 12871: 12845: 12747:from the original on 7 July 2022 12708: 12696:from the original on 4 July 2017 12682: 12652: 12626: 12602: 12584: 12558: 12546:from the original on 3 July 2017 12506: 12484: 12459: 12444: 12418: 12379: 12361:"Welcome to Indian Christianity" 12353: 12264: 12234: 12204: 12192:from the original on 4 June 2020 12178: 12166:from the original on 4 June 2020 12148: 12118: 12106:from the original on 4 June 2020 12088: 12058: 12004: 11978: 11877: 11864: 11828: 11815: 11752: 11695: 11660: 11634: 11608: 11585: 11559: 11527: 11513: 11501:from the original on 6 July 2017 11482: 11408: 11393:from the original on 27 May 2016 11366: 11347: 11317: 11295: 11168: 11135: 11102: 11093: 11087: 11072: 11047: 11032: 10940: 10918: 10884: 10869: 10852:Schurhammer & Costelloe 1980 10780: 10754: 10715:"Overview of Age of Exploration" 10661: 10649:from the original on 22 May 2021 10635: 10615: 10593: 10584: 10304:. Quilon Diocese. Archived from 9965:, pp. 364–436; A. E. Medlycott, 9819:Missick, Stephen Andrew (2000). 9486:Thakur, Udit (29 January 2015). 9399:. September 2015. Archived from 8864:. 2 January 2022. Archived from 7900:Anti-Christian violence in India 7878: 7864: 7850: 7468:in 1784, Tipu gained control of 6429: 5461:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 5402: 5384: 5369: 5351: 5328:Indian Pentecostal Church of God 5256:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 5252:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 5204:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 5200:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 4931:in India draws greatly from the 4780: 4768: 4744: 4724: 4704: 4685: 4666: 4647: 4628: 4612: 4588: 4568: 4549: 3889:New Jerusalem Church, Tranquebar 3838:of the "Province of the North" ( 3439:Byzantine (Eastern Roman Empire) 3350:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 3346:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 3075: 2815: 2792: 2769: 2750:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 2737: 2717: 2699: 2691:, the 300 year old Cathedral of 2676: 2657: 2642: 2262:Christians were involved in the 1924: 1743:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 856:Democratic Republic of the Congo 670:Indian Pentecostal Church of God 576:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 68:Largest Christian population in 35: 16438:Christian Congregation in India 16415:Tripura Baptist Christian Union 16379:Nagaland Baptist Church Council 16333:Boro Baptist Church Association 15898:The Christian conquest of India 15742:. Bangalore: Dharmaram College. 15728:. Bangalore: Dharmaram College. 15609:Menachery, George, ed. (1973). 15458:Hollister, John Norman (1956). 15299:. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. 15138:Machado, Alan (Prabhu) (1999). 15101:A World History of Christianity 14884: 14406:Akkara, Anto (15 August 2016). 14041:from the original on 3 May 2022 12271:Kapoor, Cheena (8 March 2017). 12222:from the original on 6 May 2020 11965: 11547:from the original on 8 May 2017 11489:Rizvi, Aliyeh (9 August 2015). 10441: 10411: 10382: 10346: 10320: 10265: 10252: 10240: 10155: 10103: 10072: 10038: 10004: 9919: 9892: 9770: 9737: 9695: 9641: 9623: 9615:. 12 April 2023. Archived from 9605: 9583: 9565: 9538: 9530:. 16 March 2015. Archived from 9520: 9502: 9479: 9461: 9443: 9425: 9407: 9389: 9371: 9353: 9335: 9309: 9283: 9265: 9239: 9156: 9113: 9062: 8999: 8934: 8908:Asian Journal of Social Science 8895: 8872: 8854: 8836: 8818: 8791: 8769: 8751: 8719: 8687: 8657: 8622: 8592: 8558: 8528: 8505: 8466: 8448: 8421: 8395: 8285:The Acts of St. Thomas in India 6012:New Life Fellowship Association 5678:India Pentecostal Church of God 5589:Nagaland Baptist Church Council 5479:Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church 5340:New Life Fellowship Association 5275:American Missionary Association 5058: 4737:All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad 4674:St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore 4364:opposing the partition of India 3478:. This group, which existed in 3472:East Syriac Christians in India 3120:religious authorities based in 2669:Muziris present-day Kodungaloor 2455:Cathedral Basilica of San Thome 2322:states and territories of India 17237:British Indian Ocean Territory 16385:Evangelical Baptist Convention 16241:Evangelical Church of Maraland 16236:Congregational Church in India 16033:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 15619:Menachery, George, Ed. (1998) 15554:Latourette, Kenneth S. (1962) 15544:Latourette, Kenneth S. (1961) 15537:Latourette, Kenneth S. (1944) 15530:Latourette, Kenneth S. (1939) 15476:Introducing World Christianity 15272:Vadakkekara, Benedict (2007). 15079:Frykenberg, Robert E. (2010). 15058:Frykenberg, Robert E. (2008). 14919:; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003). 14443:Manas: India and Its Neighbors 13965:Menezes, Vivek (15 May 2021). 13907:10.1163/9789004235571.cni-2024 13068:"Recapitulation of Statistics" 12989:Sudhi, K. S. (25 March 2021). 12392:. Cambridge University Press. 11567:"The Story of Volbrecht Nagel" 11142:Saraiva, Antonio Jose (2001). 10930:University of Michigan Library 9969:, pp. 1–17, 213–97; Eusebius, 9899:Montgomery, Robert L. (2002). 9655:. 6 March 2021. Archived from 9597:. 15 July 2021. Archived from 9575:. 14 July 2023. Archived from 8828:. 2 April 2024. Archived from 8804:. Concept Publishing Company. 8798:Chaube, Sarayu Prasad (2005). 8455:Suresh K Sharma, Usha Sharma. 8320:. In Menachery, George (ed.). 8275: 8249: 8178: 8090: 7771:Christianity in Madhya Pradesh 7301:murder of Swami Lakshmanananda 6171:Population by region and group 5922:Congregational Church in India 5906:Evangelical Church of Maraland 5537:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 5196:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 4263:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin 4159:John Christian Frederick Heyer 4081:William Carey and the Baptists 3880:Arrival of Protestant missions 3668:became Catholic by the 1700s. 3366:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 2978:script intermingled with some 2598:credited to the apostolate of 2572:St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church 2433:in AD 52, and established the 2417:According to the tradition of 2411:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 2282:opposed the partition of India 2264:Indian National Congress (INC) 1972:India's third-largest religion 583:Independent Oriential Orthodox 13: 1: 16410:Telugu Baptist Church Council 16271:South India Reformed Churches 15828:The Methodist Church in India 15809:. London: Allen & Unwin. 15686:Moffett, Samuel Hugh. (2005) 14808:Gheddo, Piero (25 May 2012). 13952:Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 6 12798:Encyclopedia of Protestantism 11177:Interracial Intimacy in Japan 11109:Saraiva, Antony Jose (2001). 11054:Teotonio R. de Souza (1990). 10573:Census of India (1961: Kerala 10363:. The East Indian Community. 9981:, chapter 4:30; V. A. Smith, 9198:, pp. 357, 361–363, 365. 8605:Association for Asian Studies 8348:The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary 8314:Puthiakunnel, Thomas (1973). 8259:. sthhoma.com. Archived from 8046: 7821:Christianity in Uttar Pradesh 7176:anti-conversion laws in India 5563:Independent, West Syriac Rite 5509:, Protestant West Syriac Rite 5258:with 800,000 members and the 5244:major archiepiscopal churches 5224:St. Thomas Evangelical Church 5220:Pentecostal Syrian Christians 4941:Bombay East Indian Christians 4605:Indo-Saracenic architectureal 4583:, an example of Indo-Baroque. 4522:St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata 4380:Constituent Assembly of India 4296:, and Gnanendramohan Tagore, 4210:can be found in the areas of 3870:Portuguese Bombay and Bassein 3846:Fort San Sebastian of Bassein 3819:, which they fled during the 3750:(12.5%) and farmers (35.5%). 2994:scripts. The ruler of Venad ( 2787:church established in 999 AD. 2391: 2033:, came to India in search of 682:Northern Evangelical Lutheran 616:Oriental Protestant Christian 412:Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara 17529:Ministry of Minority Affairs 16675:by state and union territory 16323:Baptist Union of North India 16251:Presbyterian Church of India 16208:South Andhra Lutheran Church 16028:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 15826:Pickett, J. Waskom. (1939). 15703:. Trichur: Mar Narsai Press. 15566:. Rutgers University Press. 14085:Borges & Feldmann (1997) 14060:D'Souza, Anthony X. (1913). 13739:. Kitchener: Pandora Press. 12664:St. John's Church, Bangalore 12453:Borges & Feldmann (1997) 11797:Union of Catholic Asian News 11777:John, Jose Kalapura (2000). 11668:"John C F Heyer, Missionary" 11423:(Thesis). pp. 188–240. 11335:Schwarz, Christian Friedrich 11043:. London: Faber & Faber. 10503:. Retrieved 9 February 2010. 10490:"Christians of Saint Thomas" 10208:. Primus Books. p. 39. 9967:India and The Apostle Thomas 9959:India and The Apostle Thomas 8051: 8025:History of the Jews in India 7975:Indigenous religion in India 7945:Freedom of religion in India 7736:Christianity in Chhattisgarh 7632:Bombay East Indian Catholics 7368:, and the right-wing groups 6068:Seventh-day Adventist Church 5858:Presbyterian Church of India 5516:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 5507:Eastern Protestant Christian 5413:on the occasion of Christmas 5392:Oriental Orthodox Christians 4918:Mangalorean Catholic culture 4916:, have developed a distinct 4859:'s Syriac Christianity. The 4345:Indian independence movement 3413:Portuguese in Goa and Bombay 3326:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 2951:of Kerala which include the 2804:St Geevargeese Mar Gregorios 2570:. Another ancient church is 2465:, the head of the Christian 2268:Indian independence movement 678:North Bank Baptist Christian 407:Saint Euphrasia Eluvathingal 129:(7.44%), Others (0.15%) etc. 42:Saint Thomas Christian cross 7: 16843:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 16525:All India Christian Council 15878:Schurhammer, Georg (1982). 15823:. Bombay: D B Taraporevala. 15469:. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. 15462:. Lucknow Publishing House. 15352:Manchester University Press 15254:Christians in Secular India 14981:Dalrymple, William (2009). 14687:"Christianity in Mangalore" 14063:"Martyrs of Cuncolim" 13085:Selva J. Raj (April 2016). 12514:"The Book of Common Prayer" 11885:"Census of India: Religion" 11524:compiled and published ..." 11497:. Bangalore Mirror Bureau. 11117:. BRILL Academic. pp. 10113:7 vols., London, 1940–1949. 8000:List of cathedrals in India 7843: 7826:Christianity in West Bengal 7776:Christianity in Maharashtra 7590: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7526:'s introduction of the new 7381:Syrian Christians of Kerala 7366:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 7360: 7348: 7157:Conflicts and controversies 6843:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 5254:with 1120,000 members, the 5018:are also observed by many. 4640:Gothic Revival architecture 4514:Gothic Revival architecture 4506:Gothic Revival architecture 4408:List of cathedrals in India 3974:Christian Friedrich Schwarz 3947:Mission, the successors of 3309:(Old allegiance) factions. 2334:Church of the East in India 2088:by the Portuguese explorer 2075:Church of the East in India 702:United Evangelical Lutheran 674:Church of God (Full Gospel) 642:Andhra Evangelical Lutheran 10: 17566: 16448:Manna Full Gospel Churches 16433:Assemblies of God in India 16374:Manipur Baptist Convention 15907:Wilmshurst, David (2011). 15807:Asia and Western dominance 15708:Moraes, George M. (1964). 15564:Legitimating New Religions 15293:Wilmshurst, David (2000). 15007:Bromiley, Geoffrey William 13835:10.1177/001946466900600205 12935:Cummings, Owen F. (2015). 12795:Melton, J. Gordon (2005). 11823:American Baptist Quarterly 11522:William Reeve (missionary) 11266:10.1177/239693939902300307 10926:"Vasco da Gama collection" 10610:Addai and Mari, Liturgy of 9961:, pp. 18–71; M. R. James, 9744:Menachery, George (2000). 8428:Slapak, Orpa, ed. (2003). 8257:"About Thomas The Apostle" 8030:Latin Catholics of Malabar 8010:List of basilicas in India 7836: 7811:Christianity in Tamil Nadu 7662:Latin Catholics of Malabar 7495:, Imaculata Conceiciao at 7491:, the Church of Merces at 7402: 7165: 7024:on Muslim Affairs in 2006 6140:Mennonite Brethren Church 6040:Manna Full Gospel Churches 5952:Hindustani Covenant Church 5761:Assemblies Jehovah Shammah 5693:Assemblies of God in India 5447:("Roman Catholic" Church) 5344:Manna Full Gospel Churches 5342:with 480,000 members, the 5314:Assemblies Jehovah Shammah 5146:Population by denomination 5062: 4955:Protestant denominations: 4809: 4797:plan is an example of the 4440:of the Indian Christians. 4405: 3654:Portuguese conquest of Goa 3525:Portuguese colonial policy 3417:Primate of the East Indies 3398: 3179:as a suffragan see to the 3106: 2561:in AD 54. On his way from 2395: 2342: 2331: 646:Assemblies Jehovah Shammah 437:Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar 252:Bombay East Indian dialect 17496: 17447: 17385: 17334: 17265: 17224: 17184: 16926: 16833: 16680: 16626: 16543: 16515: 16493: 16471: 16423: 16318:Baptist Church of Mizoram 16308: 16284: 16226: 16153: 16144: 16135: 16103: 16085: 16075:Brahmavar Orthodox Church 16050: 16041: 16013: 15857:Robinson, Rowena (2003). 15799:10.1080/00856409608723277 15508:10.1017/s0026749x00007058 15372:Flashes of Kerala History 15157:Medlycott, A. E. (2005). 15098:Hastings, Adrian (2000). 14987:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 14949:Brown, Leslie W. (1956). 13596:Council for World Mission 13438:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 13208:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 13165:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 11736:. 1896. pp. 95–156. 11702:Adam Matthew Publications 11245:Frykenberg, R.E. (1999). 10996:10.1017/S0026749X00016516 8920:10.1163/15685314-04304005 8641:10.1163/9789047400868_022 8476:(Brill, 2001), pp. 345–7. 8005:List of Saints from India 7970:Indian Christian Weddings 7839:List of Indian Christians 7833:Notable Indian Christians 7786:Christianity in Meghalaya 7761:Christianity in Karnataka 7756:Christianity in Jharkhand 7399:Muslim–Christian conflict 6076:Protestant/Restorationism 6026:Sharon Fellowship Church 5663:Methodist Church in India 5438: 5361:celebrating the feast of 5262:with 30,000 members. The 4904:mainly migrants from the 4890:culture of Goan Catholics 4483:St. Francis Church, Kochi 4170:Church Missionary Society 4135:London Missionary Society 4089:William Carey, 1761–1834. 4031:Another Basel Missionary 3811:were not originally from 3717:King John III of Portugal 3385:St. Francis Church, Kochi 3324:comprise the present day 3050:Venerabili Fratri Jordano 2746:Thiruvithamcode Arappally 2453:in AD 72. The neo-Gothic 472:Mar Geevarghese Dionysius 452:Mar Gregorios of Parumala 261: 138: 133: 117: 112: 67: 62: 57: 52: 34: 16986:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 16443:Christian Revival Church 16359:Assam Baptist Convention 16113:Believers Eastern Church 16023:Catholic Church in India 15819:Panikkar, K. M. (1997). 15805:Panikkar, K. M. (1959). 15756:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 15601:Menachery, George, Ed., 15562:Lewis, James R. (2003). 15467:Evangelical intrusions: 15380:Bowring, Lewin (1974) . 15375:. Cochin: Victory Press. 14746:"The greased cartridges" 10557:12 November 2020 at the 9963:Apocryphal New Testament 8565:P. Pm Shirodkar (1994). 8206:), on a hill now called 7930:Christianity in Pakistan 7915:Catholic Church in India 7796:Christianity in Nagaland 7637:Christian Revival Church 7520:Indian Rebellion of 1857 7409:Indian Rebellion of 1857 7254:Dara Singh (Bajrang Dal) 7162:Hindu–Christian conflict 6126:Christian Revival Church 5069:Catholic Church in India 5045:South Canarese Christian 4982:are often celebrated by 4965:educational institutions 4826:Traditional pre-wedding 4788:St. James' Church, Delhi 4603:, a fine example of the 4461:) or flag-staff made of 4368:All India Catholic Union 4341:Indian National Congress 4298:Aurobindo Nath Mukherjee 4228:American Marathi Mission 4020:. He built hospitals in 3994:was a missionary in the 3968:Johann Phillip Fabricius 3091:and missions throughout 2711:Saint Thomas the Apostle 2685:Saint Thomas the Apostle 2683:Stained glass window of 2523:An early 3rd-century AD 2092:in the 15th century AD, 841:Central African Republic 730:All India Catholic Union 650:Christian Revival Church 636:Protestant denominations 462:Mar Joseph C. Panjikaran 387:Saint Thomas the Apostle 84:at 74.59%. Plurality in 58:26 million (2.3%) (2011) 17247:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 16618:Saint Thomas Christians 16453:The Pentecostal Mission 16364:Garo Baptist Convention 16338:Boro Baptist Convention 15369:Bernard, K. L. (1995). 15216:10.1111/1467-9809.00138 14875:17 October 2007 at the 14751:The Indian Mutiny: 1857 13484:"Population Statistics" 13292:Mandryk, Jason (2010), 12908:Bhagat, Pamela (2004). 12343:"The Culture of Kerala" 11628:22 January 2017 at the 11602:23 January 2017 at the 11340:Encyclopædia Britannica 11175:Leupp, Gary P. (2003). 11039:Crowley, Roger (2015). 10762:"Christianity in India" 10501:Encyclopædia Britannica 10406:Baum & Winkler 2003 10123:Baum & Winkler 2003 9931:Encyclopædia Britannica 9927:"Magi biblical figures" 9682:Encyclopædia Britannica 9670:Butler & Burns 1998 9091:World Methodist Council 9087:"Church of North India" 9040:Watkins, Keith (2014). 8941:Kalapura, Jose (2000). 8902:Kalapura, Jose (2015). 8382:Encyclopædia Britannica 8072:Business Standard India 7816:Christianity in Tripura 7791:Christianity in Mizoram 7781:Christianity in Manipur 7751:Christianity in Gujarat 7580:('foreigners'), but as 6391:The native majority of 6232:Andaman Nicobar Islands 5723:The Pentecostal Mission 5612:Episcopalian Protestant 5336:The Pentecostal Mission 5216:Mar Thoma Syrian Church 5188:Saint Thomas Christians 5006:is a national holiday, 4945:seven islands of Bombay 4878:Christianisation of Goa 4869:culture which includes 4841:Saint Thomas Christians 4445:Saint Thomas Christians 4290:Michael Madhusudan Dutt 3949:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg 3909:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg 3658:Christianisation of Goa 3409:Christianisation of Goa 3358:Mar Thoma Syrian Church 3231:Saint Thomas Christians 3223:Archdiocese of Angamalé 3199:Saint Thomas Christians 3177:Archdiocese of Angamaly 3109:Saint Thomas Christians 3007:Saint Thomas Christians 2944:Saint Thomas Christians 2919:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth 2783:, Kerala is an ancient 2709:built over the tomb of 2650:Saint Thomas Christians 2627:Saint Severus of Vienne 2485:being a dialect of the 2419:Saint Thomas Christians 2398:Saint Thomas Christians 2284:. There are reports of 2225:World Methodist Council 2140:and the destruction of 2128:) and various forms of 1980:Saint Thomas Christians 1978:The written records of 1931:Christianity portal 774:Christianity by country 694:The Pentecostal Mission 551:Syro-Malankara Catholic 502:Mar Augustine Kandathil 477:Mar Geevarghese Ivanios 427:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth 359:Saint Thomas Christians 16095:Chaldean Syrian Church 15583:Malech, George David. 15465:Jain, Sandhya (2010). 15416:Dutta, Sutapa (2017). 15278:. Delhi: Media House. 15223:Pereira, José (2000). 14463:. Human Rights Watch. 14032:minorityaffairs.gov.in 13925:www.censusindia.gov.in 12883:catholic-hierarchy.org 12721:Asian Folklore Studies 12591:Origin of Goa Carnival 12188:. Govt. of Telangana. 11947:Singh & et al 2007 11621:44.2 (2007): 111–145. 11302:Pearson, H.N. (1855). 9983:Early History of India 9887:Historia Ecclesiastica 9883:Historia Ecclesiastica 9879:Historia Ecclesiastica 9877:Eusebius of Caesarea, 8540:The New Indian Express 7806:Christianity in Punjab 7801:Christianity in Odisha 7766:Christianity in Kerala 7667:Mangalorean Christians 7462: 7429: 7364:include the far-right 7309:Bharatiya Janata Party 7211: 7196: 6971:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 6404: 6180: 5571:Chaldean Syrian Church 5454:Catholic, Latin Church 5283:Church Mission Society 5208:Chaldean Syrian Church 5065:Protestantism in India 4831: 4819: 4655:Infant Jesus Cathedral 4403: 4286:Krishna Mohan Banerjee 4236:Church Mission Society 4125: 4090: 3919:, and afterwards into 3892: 3848:(close to present day 3840: 3689:Portuguese Inquisition 3680: 3571: 3570:missionaries, ca. 1605 3520: 3468:Latin liturgical rites 3437:marked the end of the 3427:fall of Constantinople 3401:Portuguese discoveries 3396: 3330:Chaldean Syrian Church 3317: 3294:Gregorios Abdul Jaleel 3193:The death of the last 3164:, administered by the 3099: 3032:The French or Catalan 2940: 2907:Saint Thomas Christian 2588:Saint Thomas christian 2414: 2407:Roman trade with India 2354:Ecclesiastical History 2146:Christian missionaries 1411:Bosnia and Herzegovina 785: 629:St. Thomas Evangelical 487:Giuseppe Maria Bernini 17550:Christianity in India 16920:Christianity in Asia 16673:Christianity in India 16551:Christianity in India 16390:Mising Baptist Kebang 16300:Church of South India 16295:Church of North India 16168:Arcot Lutheran Church 15863:. Sage Publications. 15834:Rice, Edward (1978). 15714:. Bombay: Manaktalas. 15625:Michael, S.M. (2010) 15163:. Gorgias Press LLC. 14160:"Where's Dara Singh?" 14069:Catholic Encyclopedia 13735:Dueck, Abe J (2012). 13260:"Indian Christianity" 12914:. Oxfam. p. 16. 12386:Holm, John A (1989). 11079:Couto, Maria Aurora. 10628:1 August 2021 at the 10495:28 March 2015 at the 10247:Anglo Saxon Chronicle 10162:King, Daniel (2018). 9619:on 23 September 2023. 9011:Church of South India 8977:Church of South India 8703:. 12 September 2020. 7741:Christianity in Delhi 7731:Christianity in Bihar 7726:Christianity in Assam 7714:Christianity by state 7610:Christian communities 7483:, Jesu Marie Jose at 7458: 7443:Mangalorean Catholics 7423:Mangalorean Catholics 7416: 7370:Vishva Hindu Parishad 7202: 7184:Adoration Monastery, 7183: 6422:Christian population 6402: 6253:Christian population 6178: 5840:449,550 to 1,000,000 5641:Church of North India 5619:Church of South India 5238:and 4,000,000 of the 5236:Syro-Malankara Church 5212:CSI Syrian Christians 5181:Church of South India 5177:Church of North India 5033:(gown). Prior to the 4976:Religious processions 4961:Church of North India 4957:Church of South India 4949:Book of Common Prayer 4902:Mangalorean Catholics 4825: 4817: 4739:illuminated at night. 4695:is an example of the 4676:is an example of the 4476:After the arrival of 4401: 4388:Constitution of India 4202:Church of North India 4198:Church of South India 4147:Anthony Norris Groves 4120:Established in 1818, 4119: 4088: 3887: 3809:Mangalorean Catholics 3674: 3650:Afonso de Albuquerque 3599:Archdiocese of Lisbon 3558: 3518: 3470:among them and unify 3405:Latin Church in India 3383: 3354:CSI Syrian Christians 3315: 3305:(New allegiance) and 3162:Latin Catholic Church 3083: 2962:Tharisappalli Chepped 2931: 2405: 2189:Church of South India 2185:Church of North India 1733:Saint Kitts and Nevis 1001:São Tomé and Príncipe 861:Republic of the Congo 784: 698:Seventh-day Adventist 658:Church of South India 654:Church of North India 547:Syro-Malabar Catholic 497:Palackal Thoma Malpan 422:Bl.Devasahayam Pillai 296:Christianity in India 44:from the 9th century 17161:United Arab Emirates 16137:Western Christianity 16043:Eastern Christianity 15496:Modern Asian Studies 15420:. UK: Anthem Press. 15123:. Bangalore: Issar. 14743:David, Saul (2003). 14691:Diocese of Mangalore 14638:Sarasvati's Children 14538:on 29 December 2014. 13542:on 27 September 2019 13486:. 13 February 2007. 13460:. 13 February 2007. 13230:on 16 February 2009. 12596:19 June 2010 at the 12542:. 25 December 2007. 11889:2001 Census of India 11793:"Diocese of Bettiah" 11734:Adam Matthew Digital 11228:7 April 2008 at the 10984:Modern Asian Studies 10674:7 March 2022 at the 10645:. 13 February 2007. 9534:on 24 December 2023. 9457:on 22 February 2023. 9421:on 22 February 2024. 9403:on 2 September 2015. 9385:on 22 February 2024. 9293:. 24 December 2021. 8850:on 6 September 2024. 8832:on 6 September 2024. 8669:www.encyclopedia.com 7960:Indian Christian Day 7697:St Thomas Christians 7682:Protestants in India 7528:Enfield Rifle-Musket 7505:Church of Holy Cross 7374:Dharm Jagaran Samiti 7043:Other Backward Class 5982:New Apostolic Church 5363:Saint Francis Xavier 5139: Others (0.15%) 4394:Art and architecture 4194:CMS Mission to India 4052:Mangalooru Samachara 3957:the Tranquebar House 3937:Bishop of Tranquebar 3656:in 1510. Due to the 3584:Francisco de Almeida 3576:Pedro Álvares Cabral 3456:St Thomas Christians 3376:Arrival of Europeans 3137:Patriarch of Babylon 3005:Other references to 2972:Iraviikothan Chepped 2925:in the 9th century. 2917:in the 4th century. 2836:4th-century missions 2730:Saint Thomas crosses 2479:Syriac New Testament 2459:Eusebius of Caesarea 2350:Eusebius of Caesarea 2312:. Various groups of 2138:oppression of Hindus 2094:Western Christianity 1990:, who sailed to the 1362:United Arab Emirates 402:Saint Gonsalo Garcia 397:Saint Francis Xavier 17509:Freedom of religion 17504:Secularism in India 17188:limited recognition 16516:Interdenominational 16105:Oriental Protestant 15954:Pew Research Centre 15860:Christians of India 15665:10.7227/BJRL.10.2.7 15451:Goel, S.G. (2016). 14839:Carvalho, Nirmala. 14652:, pp. 314–316. 14509:10.3390/rel10050313 14230:on 16 February 2008 13921:"India Census 2011" 13761:"Census India 2011" 13632:on 14 November 2017 12690:"Christian Wedding" 12496:en-danes.mforos.com 11766:on 7 December 2010. 11359:14 May 2013 at the 10936:on 16 October 2007. 10914:on 29 January 2012. 10880:. pp. 247–284. 10830:, pp. 137–138. 10818:, pp. 166–168. 10515:, pp. 134–136. 10455:. 15 January 2018. 10260:The Book of Travels 10249:Part II, 750–919 AD 9516:on 30 October 2017. 9279:. 22 December 2021. 9217:, pp. 106–110. 9093:. 9 November 2019. 8891:on 14 October 2023. 8546:on 18 November 2015 8512:Rao, R. P. (1963). 8493:. 14 September 2005 8409:. 27 September 2006 7980:Irreligion in India 7872:Christianity portal 7746:Christianity in Goa 7617:Anglo-Indian people 7466:Treaty of Mangalore 7346:ideology, known as 7025: 6409: 6246: 6155:Community of Christ 6096:Jehovah's Witnesses 5814:Protestant Lutheran 5429: 5240:Syro-Malabar Church 5192:Syro Malabar Church 5097:Pew Research Center 5029:instead of a white 4876:As a result of the 4799:Renaissance Revival 4577:St. Aloysius Chapel 4278:Bengali Renaissance 4265:, a Roman Catholic 3844:) headquartered at 3775:Diocese of Angamaly 3588:Santa Cruz Basilica 3421:Pearl Fishery Coast 3282:Palliveettil Chandy 3195:metropolitan bishop 3166:Portuguese Padroado 3122:Edessa, Mesopotamia 2568:temple architecture 2518:Balthazar of Arabia 2504:, one of the three 2493:and his disciples. 2290:fear of persecution 2170:Modi administration 2150:western educational 2059:scholarly consensus 2045:and then buried at 2017:-speaking Jew from 1984:Indian subcontinent 1748:Trinidad and Tobago 1643:Antigua and Barbuda 417:Saint Mother Teresa 329:Bombay East Indians 31: 30:Christians in India 18:Christians in India 17524:Religious thinkers 17514:Religious violence 17497:Policy and history 15968:Christianity Today 15896:Thoburn, James M. 15037:Forrest, George W. 15011:Lochman, Jan Milic 14724:on 8 February 2012 14716:John B. Monteiro. 14592:. 17 January 2024. 14449:on 2 October 2002. 14348:The New York Times 14319:. 1 October 1999. 14317:Human Rights Watch 13869:censusindia.gov.in 13378:Hedlund, Roger E. 13335:on 4 November 2013 13266:on 15 October 2014 12670:on 2 December 2013 12660:"Harvest Festival" 12640:on 8 December 2014 12622:on 11 August 2011. 12615:The Times of India 12246:The Indian Express 12132:. 9 January 2009. 11615:Sujit Sivasundaram 11150:. BRILL. pp. 10200:Pius Malekandathil 9781:. Denha Services. 9653:The Times of India 9349:on 17 August 2022. 9277:The New York Times 9070:IDOC International 8868:on 2 January 2022. 8675:on 26 January 2021 8378:"Aramaic language" 8263:on 8 February 2011 8074:. 26 August 2015. 8040:Teresa of Calcutta 7687:Punjabi Christians 7672:Marathi Christians 7657:Knanaya Christians 7627:Bettiah Christians 7622:Bengali Christians 7551:Bahadur Shah Zafar 7524:East India Company 7499:, Sao Lawrence at 7430: 7317:Kandhamal district 7290:Kandhamal district 7239:Human Rights Watch 7212: 7197: 7172:Beef bans in India 7019: 6407: 6405: 6244: 6181: 5967:Evangelical Church 5829:Protestant Baptist 5655:United and uniting 5633:United and uniting 5580:Church of the East 5490:, West Syriac Rite 5472:, West Syriac Rite 5427: 5419:See main article: 5268:Eastern Protestant 5175:within the united 5101:2011 Indian census 5073:Orthodoxy in India 4862:Malankara Nasranis 4849:Church of the East 4832: 4820: 4500:style followed by 4404: 4382:, which asked for 4259:Bettiah Christians 4208:Marathi Christians 4188:, then in 1816 at 4178:Anglican Communion 4126: 4091: 4014:Eugen Liebendörfer 3966:German missionary 3953:Heinrich Plütschau 3913:Heinrich Plütschau 3893: 3863:Bombay East Indian 3841:Província do Norte 3701:Maria Aurora Couto 3681: 3677:Códice Casanatense 3660:, over 90% of the 3629:. This created an 3603:Diocese of Funchal 3592:St. Francis Church 3572: 3521: 3464:Church of the East 3397: 3318: 3203:Church of the East 3181:Archdiocese of Goa 3169:Archdiocese of Goa 3133:Church of the East 3118:Church of the East 3114:Thomas the Apostle 3100: 3085:Church of the East 3070:Bombay East Indian 2941: 2869:Chronicle of Seert 2762:Thomas the Apostle 2527:work known as the 2514:Melchior of Persia 2423:Thomas the Apostle 2415: 2231:, specifically in 2217:Anglican Communion 2211:who flourished in 1988:Thomas the Apostle 1683:Dominican Republic 786: 599:Church of the East 492:Sadhu Sundar Singh 447:Ignatius Elias III 432:Mar Baselios Eldho 354:Punjabi Christians 334:Marathi Christians 324:Bettiah Christians 319:Bengali Christians 29: 17537: 17536: 17519:Religious harmony 17327:Religion in India 17293: 17292: 17230:other territories 16886: 16885: 16863:Jammu and Kashmir 16835:Union territories 16695:Arunachal Pradesh 16639: 16638: 16511: 16510: 16489: 16488: 16131: 16130: 16052:Oriental Orthodox 15870:978-0-7619-9822-8 15734:Mundadan, Mathias 15720:Mundadan, Mathias 15642:Mingana, Alphonse 15635:978-81-8465-074-7 15426:978-1-78308-726-6 15390:on 17 August 2011 15336:978-81-7304-945-3 15285:978-81-7495-258-5 15264:978-0-8386-1021-3 15234:978-81-7305-161-6 15170:978-1-59333-180-1 15149:978-81-867782-5-8 15130:978-81-900719-0-1 15111:978-0-8028-4875-8 15028:978-0-8028-2417-2 14994:978-1-4088-0688-3 14973:978-0-86012-257-9 14966:. A&C Black. 14783:, pp. 22–23. 14760:978-0-14-100554-6 14136:. 15 March 2015. 13598:. 27 April 2018. 13566:lutheranworld.org 13248:on 18 April 2008. 12975:978-0-334-04043-9 12948:978-1-4982-0216-9 12921:978-0-85598-495-3 12827:Lausanne Movement 12808:978-0-8160-6983-5 12502:on 27 March 2010. 12455:, pp. 41–51. 11843:fultonhistory.com 11460:Language in India 11386:978-81-7835-370-8 11190:978-0-8264-6074-5 11065:978-81-7022-259-0 11020:on 20 August 2019 10948:Mundadan, Mathias 10215:978-93-80607-01-6 10109:K.S. Latourette, 10058:978-1-000-22821-2 10024:978-1-925612-63-9 9957:A. E. Medlycott, 9558:978-1-4002-0442-7 9551:. Thomas Nelson. 9249:. 11 April 2014. 9051:978-1-63087-744-6 8811:978-81-8069-216-1 8650:978-90-474-0086-8 8536:"Goa Inquisition" 8196:978-1-4674-4205-3 8104:on 15 April 2016. 7910:Buddhism in India 7677:Meitei Christians 7652:Karwari Catholics 7599:Jammu and Kashmir 7588:('infidels') and 7568:('the English'), 7543:William Dalrymple 7356:Hindu nationalist 7224:Cuncolim Massacre 7207:burnt during the 7154: 7153: 7017: 7016: 6923:Jammu and Kashmir 6683:Arunachal Pradesh 6416:Total population 6389: 6388: 6356:Arunachal Pradesh 6200:Arunachal Pradesh 6168: 6167: 6163:Latter Day Saints 6119:Latter Day Saints 5774:Plymouth Brethren 5488:Oriental Orthodox 5470:Oriental Orthodox 5377:Marathi Anglicans 5332:Assemblies of God 5287:Church of England 5248:Pope John Paul II 5160:Oriental Orthodox 5131:Oriental Orthodox 5087:Oriental Orthodox 4972:church attendance 4929:Christian culture 4922:Christian culture 4761:CNI Afghan Church 4526:St. Mary's church 4384:religious freedom 4372:Andhra University 4271:Pope Benedict XIV 4240:Church of England 4151:Plymouth Brethren 4122:Serampore College 4111:Serampore College 3666:Velhas Conquistas 3643:Cape of Good Hope 3506:on 27 June 1538. 3460:Eastern Christian 3435:Ottoman Caliphate 3338:Oriental Orthodox 3259:Coonan Cross Oath 3247:Coonan Cross Oath 3211:Archdeacon George 3129:Province of India 3038:Jordanus Catalani 3021:. The embassy of 2953:Thazhekad Sasanam 2854:Syrian Christians 2580:Thrissur district 2475:Gospel of Matthew 2471:Alexandria, Egypt 2366:Gospel of Matthew 2345:Saint Bartholomew 2286:crypto-Christians 2209:Protestant groups 2193:United Protestant 2073:belonging to the 2053:neighbourhood of 2037:. After years of 2025:) and one of the 1965: 1964: 1268: 876:Equatorial Guinea 768: 767: 563:Oriental Orthodox 369:Telugu Christians 339:Meitei Christians 281: 280: 127:Oriental Orthodox 90:Arunachal Pradesh 16:(Redirected from 17557: 17320: 17313: 17306: 17297: 17296: 17283: 17273: 17272: 17242:Christmas Island 16928:Sovereign states 16913: 16906: 16899: 16890: 16889: 16730:Himachal Pradesh 16666: 16659: 16652: 16643: 16642: 16613:Malankara Church 16151: 16150: 16142: 16141: 16048: 16047: 16000: 15993: 15986: 15977: 15976: 15972: 15958: 15924: 15883: 15874: 15853: 15841: 15802: 15781: 15757: 15743: 15729: 15715: 15704: 15683: 15681: 15679: 15673: 15650: 15616: 15587:. Gorgias Press. 15577: 15527: 15490: 15448: 15413: 15399: 15397: 15395: 15376: 15365: 15340: 15310: 15289: 15268: 15247: 15238: 15219: 15198: 15174: 15153: 15134: 15115: 15094: 15075: 15054: 15032: 15003:Fahlbusch, Erwin 14998: 14977: 14956: 14945: 14936: 14912: 14879: 14867: 14861: 14860: 14858: 14856: 14836: 14830: 14829: 14827: 14825: 14805: 14799: 14793: 14784: 14778: 14765: 14764: 14748: 14740: 14734: 14733: 14731: 14729: 14713: 14707: 14706: 14704: 14702: 14693:. Archived from 14683: 14677: 14676: 14674: 14672: 14659: 14653: 14647: 14641: 14635: 14624: 14623: 14621: 14619: 14610:. Archived from 14600: 14594: 14593: 14586: 14580: 14579: 14572: 14566: 14565: 14563: 14561: 14546: 14540: 14539: 14520: 14514: 14513: 14511: 14483: 14477: 14476: 14474: 14472: 14457: 14451: 14450: 14434: 14428: 14427: 14425: 14423: 14403: 14397: 14396: 14394: 14392: 14371: 14365: 14364: 14362: 14360: 14339: 14333: 14332: 14330: 14328: 14309: 14300: 14299: 14297: 14295: 14280: 14274: 14273: 14271: 14269: 14249: 14240: 14239: 14237: 14235: 14216: 14210: 14209: 14207: 14205: 14186: 14180: 14179: 14177: 14175: 14164:outlookindia.com 14156: 14150: 14149: 14147: 14145: 14126: 14120: 14119: 14117: 14115: 14096: 14090: 14088: 14080: 14074: 14073: 14065: 14057: 14051: 14050: 14048: 14046: 14040: 14029: 14021: 14015: 14014: 14012: 14010: 13995: 13989: 13988: 13986: 13984: 13962: 13956: 13955: 13947: 13941: 13940: 13938: 13936: 13917: 13911: 13910: 13891: 13885: 13884: 13882: 13880: 13861: 13855: 13854: 13818: 13812: 13811: 13809: 13807: 13783: 13777: 13776: 13774: 13772: 13757: 13751: 13750: 13732: 13726: 13720: 13714: 13713: 13711: 13709: 13690: 13684: 13678: 13672: 13671: 13669: 13667: 13648: 13642: 13641: 13639: 13637: 13628:. Archived from 13618: 13612: 13611: 13609: 13607: 13588: 13582: 13581: 13579: 13577: 13572:on 18 April 2018 13568:. Archived from 13558: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13547: 13538:. Archived from 13528: 13522: 13521: 13519: 13517: 13506: 13500: 13499: 13497: 13495: 13480: 13474: 13473: 13471: 13469: 13450: 13444: 13443: 13437: 13429: 13427: 13425: 13410: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13399: 13393: 13386: 13375: 13369: 13368: 13367:on 8 April 2008. 13366: 13360:. Archived from 13359: 13351: 13345: 13344: 13342: 13340: 13334: 13328:. Archived from 13327: 13319: 13298: 13297: 13289: 13276: 13275: 13273: 13271: 13262:. Archived from 13256: 13250: 13249: 13244:. Archived from 13238: 13232: 13231: 13226:. Archived from 13220: 13214: 13213: 13207: 13199: 13197: 13195: 13180: 13171: 13170: 13164: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13138: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13127: 13112: 13103: 13102: 13082: 13076: 13075: 13074:on 3 March 2016. 13064: 13058: 13057: 13055: 13053: 13025: 13019: 13018: 13016: 13014: 12986: 12980: 12979: 12959: 12953: 12952: 12932: 12926: 12925: 12905: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12875: 12869: 12868: 12866: 12864: 12855:. 1 April 2005. 12849: 12843: 12842: 12840: 12838: 12819: 12813: 12812: 12792: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12781: 12766: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12752: 12712: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12701: 12686: 12680: 12679: 12677: 12675: 12666:. Archived from 12656: 12650: 12649: 12647: 12645: 12636:. Archived from 12630: 12624: 12623: 12606: 12600: 12588: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12562: 12556: 12555: 12553: 12551: 12536: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12510: 12504: 12503: 12488: 12482: 12481: 12479: 12477: 12463: 12457: 12456: 12448: 12442: 12441: 12439: 12437: 12428:. Archived from 12422: 12416: 12415: 12413: 12411: 12383: 12377: 12376: 12374: 12372: 12357: 12351: 12350: 12349:on 16 June 2013. 12345:. Archived from 12339: 12330: 12329: 12327: 12325: 12299: 12293: 12292: 12290: 12288: 12268: 12262: 12261: 12259: 12257: 12238: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12216:allahabad.gov.in 12208: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12182: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12171: 12152: 12146: 12145: 12143: 12141: 12122: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12111: 12092: 12086: 12085: 12083: 12081: 12062: 12056: 12050: 12044: 12038: 12032: 12031: 12029: 12027: 12022:on 10 April 2010 12018:. Archived from 12008: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11997: 11988:. Archived from 11982: 11976: 11975: 11963: 11957: 11956: 11944: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11918: 11905: 11904: 11902: 11900: 11881: 11875: 11868: 11862: 11861: 11859: 11857: 11851: 11840: 11832: 11826: 11819: 11813: 11812: 11810: 11808: 11789: 11783: 11782: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11762:. Archived from 11756: 11750: 11749: 11747: 11745: 11731: 11724: 11718: 11717: 11715: 11713: 11696:Keen, Rosemary. 11693: 11684: 11683: 11681: 11679: 11664: 11658: 11657: 11655: 11653: 11638: 11632: 11612: 11606: 11589: 11583: 11582: 11580: 11578: 11569:. 24 July 2010. 11563: 11557: 11556: 11554: 11552: 11543:. 28 July 2015. 11531: 11525: 11517: 11511: 11510: 11508: 11506: 11495:Bangalore Mirror 11486: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11451: 11445: 11444: 11442: 11440: 11412: 11406: 11405: 11400: 11398: 11370: 11364: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11323: 11321: 11320: 11314: 11308: 11307: 11299: 11293: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11282: 11251: 11242: 11233: 11219: 11210: 11204: 11195: 11194: 11172: 11166: 11165: 11149: 11139: 11133: 11132: 11116: 11106: 11100: 11099: 11091: 11085: 11084: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11051: 11045: 11044: 11036: 11030: 11029: 11027: 11025: 11019: 11014:. Archived from 10975: 10966: 10965: 10944: 10938: 10937: 10932:. Archived from 10922: 10916: 10915: 10900: 10891: 10888: 10882: 10881: 10873: 10867: 10861: 10855: 10849: 10843: 10837: 10831: 10825: 10819: 10813: 10802: 10801: 10784: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10758: 10752: 10749: 10743: 10737: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10717:. Archived from 10711: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10691:. Archived from 10685: 10679: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10639: 10633: 10619: 10613: 10607: 10601: 10597: 10591: 10588: 10582: 10581: 10568: 10562: 10552:Synod of Diamper 10549: 10540: 10534: 10528: 10522: 10516: 10510: 10504: 10487: 10481: 10475: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10464: 10445: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10434: 10423:DailyHistory.org 10415: 10409: 10403: 10397: 10386: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10375: 10369: 10362: 10350: 10344: 10343: 10341: 10339: 10324: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10298: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10269: 10263: 10256: 10250: 10244: 10238: 10235: 10229: 10226: 10220: 10219: 10196: 10190: 10184: 10178: 10177: 10164:The Syriac World 10159: 10153: 10147: 10138: 10132: 10126: 10120: 10114: 10107: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10096: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10042: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10031: 10008: 10002: 9996: 9990: 9989:, pp. 49–59 9973:, chapter 4:30; 9955: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9923: 9917: 9916: 9896: 9890: 9875: 9866: 9863:Vadakkekara 2007 9860: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9840: 9825: 9816: 9801: 9800: 9774: 9768: 9767: 9741: 9735: 9729: 9720: 9719: 9705:The Ramban Pattu 9699: 9693: 9679: 9673: 9667: 9661: 9660: 9659:on 6 March 2021. 9645: 9639: 9638: 9637:on 24 June 2023. 9627: 9621: 9620: 9609: 9603: 9602: 9601:on 15 July 2021. 9587: 9581: 9580: 9579:on 14 July 2023. 9569: 9563: 9562: 9542: 9536: 9535: 9524: 9518: 9517: 9512:. Archived from 9506: 9500: 9499: 9494:. Archived from 9483: 9477: 9476: 9475:on 8 April 2016. 9465: 9459: 9458: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9435:. Archived from 9429: 9423: 9422: 9417:. Archived from 9411: 9405: 9404: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9367:on 18 July 2023. 9363:. Archived from 9357: 9351: 9350: 9345:. Archived from 9339: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9287: 9281: 9280: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9243: 9237: 9236: 9224: 9218: 9212: 9199: 9193: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9175: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9117: 9111: 9110: 9104: 9102: 9083: 9077: 9076: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9024: 9022: 9003: 8997: 8996: 8990: 8988: 8969: 8963: 8962: 8938: 8932: 8931: 8899: 8893: 8892: 8887:. Archived from 8876: 8870: 8869: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8795: 8789: 8788: 8787:on 23 June 2024. 8783:. Archived from 8773: 8767: 8766: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8738: 8731: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8671:. Archived from 8661: 8655: 8654: 8626: 8620: 8619: 8613: 8611: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8562: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8542:. Archived from 8532: 8526: 8525: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8483: 8477: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8374: 8365: 8364: 8343: 8334: 8333: 8319: 8311: 8300: 8299: 8279: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8222: 8213: 8212: 8182: 8176: 8170: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8139: 8133: 8126: 8117: 8106: 8105: 8100:. Archived from 8094: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8064: 8035:Sikhism in India 7888: 7883: 7882: 7874: 7869: 7868: 7860: 7855: 7854: 7853: 7707:Telugu Christian 7702:Tamil Christians 7642:Dalit Christians 7594:('Christians'). 7593: 7587: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7487:, the Chapel at 7363: 7353: 7279:Himachal Pradesh 7220:North-East India 7026: 7022:Sachar Committee 7018: 6939:Himachal Pradesh 6435: 6433: 6432: 6410: 6406: 6247: 6243: 5547:West Syriac Rite 5529:East Syriac Rite 5505:Independent and 5430: 5426: 5406: 5388: 5373: 5355: 5138: 5128: 5118: 5108: 4984:Indian Catholics 4784: 4772: 4748: 4728: 4708: 4689: 4670: 4651: 4632: 4616: 4595:Interior of the 4592: 4575:Interior of the 4572: 4553: 4248:Marathi language 4033:Ferdinand Kittel 3945:Church of Sweden 3843: 3834:spearheaded the 3825:Goan Inquisition 3447:Age of Discovery 3235:West Syriac Rite 3215:Synod of Diamper 3183:administered by 3173:Synod of Diamper 2968:Mampally Sasanam 2934:Syrian Christian 2819: 2802:, the shrine of 2796: 2773: 2741: 2721: 2703: 2680: 2661: 2646: 2623:Early Christians 2487:Aramaic language 2447:St. Thomas Mount 2294:Hindu extremists 2280:(self rule) and 2257:Armenian Indians 2181:those of Bettiah 2134:Goan Inquisition 2079:East Syriac Rite 2055:Madras (Chennai) 2013:. St Thomas, an 1957: 1950: 1943: 1929: 1928: 1813:Papua New Guinea 1788:Marshall Islands 1611:Northern Ireland 1264: 770: 769: 760: 753: 746: 686:Methodist Church 625:Mar Thoma Syrian 364:Tamil Christians 306: 283: 282: 256:Indian languages 53:Total population 39: 32: 28: 21: 17565: 17564: 17560: 17559: 17558: 17556: 17555: 17554: 17540: 17539: 17538: 17533: 17492: 17443: 17381: 17330: 17324: 17294: 17289: 17261: 17229: 17220: 17201:Northern Cyprus 17187: 17180: 16922: 16917: 16887: 16882: 16829: 16676: 16670: 16640: 16635: 16622: 16539: 16517: 16507: 16485: 16467: 16419: 16304: 16280: 16222: 16127: 16099: 16081: 16037: 16009: 16004: 15961: 15957:. 12 July 2021. 15947: 15944: 15939: 15921: 15871: 15850: 15778: 15677: 15675: 15671: 15648: 15574: 15548:. pp. 400–415. 15487: 15445: 15393: 15391: 15362: 15337: 15318: 15316:Further reading 15313: 15307: 15286: 15265: 15235: 15195: 15171: 15150: 15131: 15112: 15091: 15072: 15051: 15029: 14995: 14974: 14933: 14909: 14887: 14882: 14877:Wayback Machine 14868: 14864: 14854: 14852: 14837: 14833: 14823: 14821: 14806: 14802: 14794: 14787: 14779: 14768: 14761: 14741: 14737: 14727: 14725: 14714: 14710: 14700: 14698: 14685: 14684: 14680: 14670: 14668: 14661: 14660: 14656: 14648: 14644: 14636: 14627: 14617: 14615: 14602: 14601: 14597: 14588: 14587: 14583: 14578:. January 2023. 14574: 14573: 14569: 14559: 14557: 14548: 14547: 14543: 14532:Hindustan Times 14522: 14521: 14517: 14484: 14480: 14470: 14468: 14459: 14458: 14454: 14435: 14431: 14421: 14419: 14404: 14400: 14390: 14388: 14373: 14372: 14368: 14358: 14356: 14341: 14340: 14336: 14326: 14324: 14311: 14310: 14303: 14293: 14291: 14282: 14281: 14277: 14267: 14265: 14250: 14243: 14233: 14231: 14218: 14217: 14213: 14203: 14201: 14188: 14187: 14183: 14173: 14171: 14158: 14157: 14153: 14143: 14141: 14134:Hindustan Times 14128: 14127: 14123: 14113: 14111: 14098: 14097: 14093: 14081: 14077: 14058: 14054: 14044: 14042: 14038: 14027: 14023: 14022: 14018: 14008: 14006: 13997: 13996: 13992: 13982: 13980: 13963: 13959: 13948: 13944: 13934: 13932: 13919: 13918: 13914: 13893: 13892: 13888: 13878: 13876: 13863: 13862: 13858: 13819: 13815: 13805: 13803: 13784: 13780: 13770: 13768: 13759: 13758: 13754: 13747: 13733: 13729: 13721: 13717: 13707: 13705: 13692: 13691: 13687: 13679: 13675: 13665: 13663: 13650: 13649: 13645: 13635: 13633: 13626:pcishillong.org 13620: 13619: 13615: 13605: 13603: 13590: 13589: 13585: 13575: 13573: 13560: 13559: 13555: 13545: 13543: 13530: 13529: 13525: 13515: 13513: 13512:. December 2018 13508: 13507: 13503: 13493: 13491: 13482: 13481: 13477: 13467: 13465: 13452: 13451: 13447: 13431: 13430: 13423: 13421: 13412: 13411: 13407: 13397: 13395: 13391: 13384: 13376: 13372: 13364: 13357: 13353: 13352: 13348: 13338: 13336: 13332: 13325: 13321: 13320: 13301: 13294:Operation World 13290: 13279: 13269: 13267: 13258: 13257: 13253: 13240: 13239: 13235: 13222: 13221: 13217: 13201: 13200: 13193: 13191: 13182: 13181: 13174: 13158: 13157: 13150: 13148: 13140: 13139: 13135: 13125: 13123: 13114: 13113: 13106: 13099: 13083: 13079: 13066: 13065: 13061: 13051: 13049: 13026: 13022: 13012: 13010: 12987: 12983: 12976: 12960: 12956: 12949: 12933: 12929: 12922: 12906: 12902: 12892: 12890: 12877: 12876: 12872: 12862: 12860: 12851: 12850: 12846: 12836: 12834: 12829:. 8 July 2011. 12821: 12820: 12816: 12809: 12793: 12789: 12779: 12777: 12768: 12767: 12760: 12750: 12748: 12733:10.2307/1177555 12713: 12709: 12699: 12697: 12688: 12687: 12683: 12673: 12671: 12658: 12657: 12653: 12643: 12641: 12632: 12631: 12627: 12608: 12607: 12603: 12598:Wayback Machine 12589: 12585: 12575: 12573: 12564: 12563: 12559: 12549: 12547: 12538: 12537: 12533: 12523: 12521: 12512: 12511: 12507: 12490: 12489: 12485: 12475: 12473: 12465: 12464: 12460: 12449: 12445: 12435: 12433: 12424: 12423: 12419: 12409: 12407: 12400: 12384: 12380: 12370: 12368: 12359: 12358: 12354: 12341: 12340: 12333: 12323: 12321: 12300: 12296: 12286: 12284: 12269: 12265: 12255: 12253: 12248:. 5 July 2004. 12240: 12239: 12235: 12225: 12223: 12210: 12209: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12184: 12183: 12179: 12169: 12167: 12154: 12153: 12149: 12139: 12137: 12124: 12123: 12119: 12109: 12107: 12094: 12093: 12089: 12079: 12077: 12064: 12063: 12059: 12051: 12047: 12039: 12035: 12025: 12023: 12010: 12009: 12005: 11995: 11993: 11984: 11983: 11979: 11969: 11964: 11960: 11950: 11945: 11941: 11931: 11929: 11920: 11919: 11908: 11898: 11896: 11883: 11882: 11878: 11869: 11865: 11855: 11853: 11849: 11838: 11834: 11833: 11829: 11820: 11816: 11806: 11804: 11791: 11790: 11786: 11775: 11771: 11760:"William Carey" 11758: 11757: 11753: 11743: 11741: 11726: 11725: 11721: 11711: 11709: 11694: 11687: 11677: 11675: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11651: 11649: 11640: 11639: 11635: 11630:Wayback Machine 11613: 11609: 11604:Wayback Machine 11590: 11586: 11576: 11574: 11565: 11564: 11560: 11550: 11548: 11533: 11532: 11528: 11518: 11514: 11504: 11502: 11487: 11483: 11473: 11471: 11452: 11448: 11438: 11436: 11413: 11409: 11396: 11394: 11387: 11371: 11367: 11361:Wayback Machine 11352: 11348: 11333:, ed. (1911). " 11318: 11316: 11315: 11311: 11300: 11296: 11286: 11284: 11280: 11249: 11243: 11236: 11230:Wayback Machine 11220: 11213: 11205: 11198: 11191: 11173: 11169: 11162: 11140: 11136: 11129: 11107: 11103: 11092: 11088: 11077: 11073: 11066: 11052: 11048: 11037: 11033: 11023: 11021: 10976: 10969: 10945: 10941: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10902: 10901: 10894: 10889: 10885: 10874: 10870: 10862: 10858: 10850: 10846: 10840:Frykenberg 2008 10838: 10834: 10828:Frykenberg 2008 10826: 10822: 10814: 10805: 10798: 10786: 10785: 10781: 10771: 10769: 10768:on 9 March 2008 10760: 10759: 10755: 10750: 10746: 10738: 10734: 10724: 10722: 10713: 10712: 10708: 10698: 10696: 10687: 10686: 10682: 10676:Wayback Machine 10666: 10662: 10652: 10650: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10630:Wayback Machine 10620: 10616: 10608: 10604: 10598: 10594: 10589: 10585: 10570: 10569: 10565: 10559:Wayback Machine 10550: 10543: 10537:Wilmshurst 2000 10535: 10531: 10525:Frykenberg 2008 10523: 10519: 10513:Frykenberg 2010 10511: 10507: 10497:Wayback Machine 10488: 10484: 10478:Frykenberg 2010 10476: 10472: 10462: 10460: 10447: 10446: 10442: 10432: 10430: 10417: 10416: 10412: 10404: 10400: 10387: 10383: 10373: 10371: 10367: 10360: 10352: 10351: 10347: 10337: 10335: 10326: 10325: 10321: 10311: 10309: 10308:on 18 June 2006 10300: 10299: 10292: 10282: 10280: 10271: 10270: 10266: 10257: 10253: 10245: 10241: 10236: 10232: 10227: 10223: 10216: 10197: 10193: 10185: 10181: 10174: 10160: 10156: 10150:Frykenberg 2010 10148: 10141: 10133: 10129: 10121: 10117: 10108: 10104: 10094: 10092: 10077: 10073: 10063: 10061: 10059: 10043: 10039: 10029: 10027: 10025: 10009: 10005: 9997: 9993: 9956: 9945: 9935: 9933: 9925: 9924: 9920: 9913: 9897: 9893: 9876: 9869: 9861: 9854: 9844: 9842: 9838: 9823: 9817: 9804: 9789: 9775: 9771: 9756: 9742: 9738: 9730: 9723: 9716: 9700: 9696: 9680: 9676: 9668: 9664: 9647: 9646: 9642: 9629: 9628: 9624: 9611: 9610: 9606: 9589: 9588: 9584: 9571: 9570: 9566: 9559: 9543: 9539: 9526: 9525: 9521: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9498:on 5 June 2017. 9492:The Daily Beast 9484: 9480: 9467: 9466: 9462: 9449: 9448: 9444: 9439:on 24 May 2023. 9431: 9430: 9426: 9413: 9412: 9408: 9395: 9394: 9390: 9377: 9376: 9372: 9359: 9358: 9354: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9326: 9324: 9315: 9314: 9310: 9300: 9298: 9289: 9288: 9284: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9256: 9254: 9245: 9244: 9240: 9225: 9221: 9213: 9202: 9194: 9183: 9173: 9171: 9161: 9157: 9142: 9118: 9114: 9100: 9098: 9085: 9084: 9080: 9068: 9067: 9063: 9052: 9038: 9034: 9020: 9018: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8986: 8984: 8971: 8970: 8966: 8939: 8935: 8900: 8896: 8877: 8873: 8860: 8859: 8855: 8842: 8841: 8837: 8824: 8823: 8819: 8812: 8796: 8792: 8781:Social Movement 8775: 8774: 8770: 8757: 8756: 8752: 8742: 8740: 8736: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8720: 8710: 8708: 8693: 8692: 8688: 8678: 8676: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8651: 8627: 8623: 8609: 8607: 8597: 8593: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8563: 8559: 8549: 8547: 8534: 8533: 8529: 8510: 8506: 8496: 8494: 8485: 8484: 8480: 8471: 8467: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8426: 8422: 8412: 8410: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8386: 8384: 8376: 8375: 8368: 8358: 8344: 8337: 8312: 8303: 8296: 8280: 8276: 8266: 8264: 8255: 8254: 8250: 8240: 8238: 8223: 8216: 8208:St Thomas Mount 8197: 8183: 8179: 8171: 8150: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8124: 8118: 8109: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8081: 8079: 8066: 8065: 8058: 8054: 8049: 8044: 7886:Religion portal 7884: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7856: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7841: 7835: 7830: 7716: 7711: 7692:Reddy Catholics 7612: 7607: 7464:Soon after the 7437:, the ruler of 7411: 7403:Main articles: 7401: 7383:do support the 7178: 7166:Main articles: 7164: 7159: 7038:Scheduled tribe 7033:Scheduled caste 6469: 6430: 6428: 6256:Percentage (%) 6173: 5849:Kerala Brethren 5836:Indian Brethren 5793: 5748: 5414: 5407: 5398: 5389: 5380: 5374: 5365: 5356: 5310:Kerala Brethren 5306:Indian Brethren 5169:Catholic Church 5148: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5134: 5126: 5124: 5116: 5114: 5106: 5099:'s analysis of 5075: 5061: 5049:Church weddings 4933:English culture 4837:liturgical rite 4812: 4802: 4801:style in India. 4785: 4776: 4773: 4764: 4759:doorway to the 4749: 4740: 4729: 4720: 4717:Medak Cathedral 4709: 4700: 4690: 4681: 4680:style in India. 4678:English Baroque 4671: 4662: 4652: 4643: 4633: 4624: 4619:Built in 1562, 4617: 4608: 4593: 4584: 4573: 4564: 4557:Manarcad Church 4554: 4498:British Regency 4410: 4396: 4337: 4294:Anil Kumar Gain 4267:religious order 4232:The SPG Mission 4131: 4105:. He worked in 4083: 4075:Kerala Brethren 4067:Volbrecht Nagel 4048:Hermann Mögling 3988:Hermann Gundert 3961:Tiruchirappalli 3901: 3882: 3797:Krishnadevaraya 3713:Goa Inquisition 3564:Akbar the Great 3423: 3399:Main articles: 3378: 3290:Syriac Orthodox 3111: 3105: 3078: 3064:(Trombay) near 2959:Plates (or the 2949:Syrian churches 2903: 2901:Medieval period 2856:established at 2838: 2831: 2820: 2811: 2797: 2788: 2774: 2765: 2742: 2733: 2728:flanked by two 2722: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2681: 2672: 2662: 2653: 2647: 2611:Sassanid Empire 2586:. According to 2435:Ezharappallikal 2400: 2394: 2347: 2341: 2339:St. Bartholomew 2336: 2330: 2314:Hindu militants 2229:Northeast India 2148:introduced the 2077:, who used the 2057:. There is the 2047:St Thomas Mount 2011:birth of Christ 1961: 1923: 1918: 1917: 1853: 1843: 1842: 1823:Solomon Islands 1768: 1758: 1757: 1638: 1628: 1627: 1531:North Macedonia 1381: 1371: 1370: 1273: 1253: 1252: 1081: 1071: 1070: 796: 764: 735: 734: 715: 707: 706: 705: 666:Indian Brethren 640: 620: 608:Chaldean Syrian 603: 586: 567: 542: 531: 520: 512: 511: 382: 374: 373: 349:Naga Christians 344:Mizo Christians 314: 106:Bombay (Mumbai) 48: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17563: 17553: 17552: 17535: 17534: 17532: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17506: 17500: 17498: 17494: 17493: 17491: 17490: 17487: 17482: 17477: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17455:Zoroastrianism 17451: 17449: 17445: 17444: 17442: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17425: 17424: 17419: 17409: 17408: 17407: 17402: 17391: 17389: 17383: 17382: 17380: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17359: 17358: 17357: 17351: 17340: 17338: 17332: 17331: 17323: 17322: 17315: 17308: 17300: 17291: 17290: 17288: 17287: 17277: 17266: 17263: 17262: 17260: 17259: 17254: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17233: 17231: 17222: 17221: 17219: 17218: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17198: 17192: 17190: 17182: 17181: 17179: 17178: 17173: 17168: 17163: 17158: 17153: 17148: 17143: 17138: 17133: 17128: 17123: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17073: 17068: 17063: 17058: 17053: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17003: 16998: 16993: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16958: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16932: 16930: 16924: 16923: 16916: 16915: 16908: 16901: 16893: 16884: 16883: 16881: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16839: 16837: 16831: 16830: 16828: 16827: 16822: 16817: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16762: 16757: 16752: 16750:Madhya Pradesh 16747: 16742: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16717: 16712: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16692: 16690:Andhra Pradesh 16686: 16684: 16678: 16677: 16669: 16668: 16661: 16654: 16646: 16637: 16636: 16634: 16633: 16627: 16624: 16623: 16621: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16605: 16604: 16603: 16598: 16593: 16588: 16583: 16578: 16573: 16568: 16563: 16558: 16547: 16545: 16541: 16540: 16538: 16537: 16532: 16527: 16521: 16519: 16513: 16512: 16509: 16508: 16506: 16505: 16499: 16497: 16495:Restorationism 16491: 16490: 16487: 16486: 16484: 16483: 16477: 16475: 16469: 16468: 16466: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16429: 16427: 16421: 16420: 16418: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16314: 16312: 16306: 16305: 16303: 16302: 16297: 16291: 16289: 16282: 16281: 16279: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16232: 16230: 16224: 16223: 16221: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16170: 16165: 16159: 16157: 16148: 16139: 16133: 16132: 16129: 16128: 16126: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16109: 16107: 16101: 16100: 16098: 16097: 16091: 16089: 16083: 16082: 16080: 16079: 16078: 16077: 16067: 16062: 16056: 16054: 16045: 16039: 16038: 16036: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16019: 16017: 16011: 16010: 16003: 16002: 15995: 15988: 15980: 15974: 15973: 15959: 15943: 15942:External links 15940: 15938: 15937: 15925: 15920:978-1907318047 15919: 15904: 15894: 15892:978-8172232702 15884: 15875: 15869: 15854: 15848: 15831: 15824: 15817: 15815:978-1597406017 15803: 15793:(1): 143–159. 15782: 15777:978-0521893329 15776: 15762:Neill, Stephen 15758: 15748:Neill, Stephen 15744: 15730: 15716: 15705: 15691: 15684: 15659:(2): 435–514. 15638: 15623: 15617: 15606: 15599: 15588: 15581: 15578: 15572: 15559: 15552: 15542: 15535: 15528: 15502:(2): 203–234. 15491: 15486:978-1405182492 15485: 15470: 15463: 15456: 15449: 15444:978-0700716005 15443: 15428: 15414: 15400: 15377: 15366: 15360: 15341: 15335: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15311: 15306:978-9042908765 15305: 15290: 15284: 15269: 15263: 15248: 15246:. Vol. 3. 15239: 15233: 15220: 15210:(3): 346–366. 15199: 15194:978-0521548854 15193: 15179:Neill, Stephen 15175: 15169: 15154: 15148: 15135: 15129: 15116: 15110: 15095: 15090:978-0199575831 15089: 15076: 15071:978-0198263777 15070: 15055: 15049: 15033: 15027: 14999: 14993: 14978: 14972: 14957: 14946: 14937: 14932:978-1134430192 14931: 14913: 14908:978-0521891035 14907: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14880: 14862: 14831: 14800: 14798:, p. 153. 14796:Dalrymple 2009 14785: 14781:Dalrymple 2009 14766: 14759: 14735: 14708: 14697:on 9 July 2010 14678: 14654: 14642: 14625: 14614:on 10 May 2006 14595: 14581: 14567: 14541: 14515: 14488:"Coming Home ( 14478: 14452: 14429: 14398: 14366: 14334: 14301: 14275: 14241: 14211: 14181: 14151: 14121: 14091: 14075: 14052: 14016: 13990: 13957: 13942: 13912: 13886: 13856: 13829:(2): 197–199. 13813: 13778: 13752: 13746:978-1926599113 13745: 13727: 13715: 13685: 13673: 13643: 13613: 13583: 13553: 13523: 13501: 13475: 13445: 13405: 13370: 13346: 13299: 13277: 13251: 13233: 13224:"GBGM Feature" 13215: 13172: 13133: 13104: 13097: 13077: 13059: 13020: 12981: 12974: 12954: 12947: 12927: 12920: 12900: 12870: 12844: 12814: 12807: 12787: 12758: 12707: 12681: 12651: 12625: 12601: 12583: 12557: 12531: 12505: 12483: 12458: 12443: 12432:on 25 May 2017 12417: 12399:978-0521359405 12398: 12378: 12352: 12331: 12294: 12263: 12233: 12203: 12177: 12147: 12117: 12087: 12057: 12055:, p. 190. 12045: 12033: 12003: 11977: 11958: 11939: 11906: 11876: 11863: 11827: 11814: 11784: 11769: 11751: 11719: 11685: 11659: 11633: 11607: 11584: 11558: 11526: 11512: 11481: 11446: 11407: 11385: 11365: 11346: 11331:Chisholm, Hugh 11309: 11294: 11260:(3): 130–135. 11234: 11211: 11209:, p. 104. 11196: 11189: 11183:. p. 35. 11167: 11160: 11134: 11127: 11101: 11086: 11071: 11064: 11046: 11031: 10990:(2): 387–421. 10967: 10939: 10917: 10892: 10883: 10868: 10866:, p. 326. 10856: 10844: 10842:, p. 139. 10832: 10820: 10803: 10796: 10779: 10753: 10744: 10732: 10721:on 9 July 2012 10706: 10695:on 4 June 2015 10680: 10660: 10634: 10614: 10602: 10592: 10583: 10563: 10541: 10539:, p. 343. 10529: 10517: 10505: 10482: 10480:, p. 111. 10470: 10440: 10410: 10398: 10381: 10345: 10319: 10290: 10264: 10251: 10239: 10230: 10221: 10214: 10191: 10189:, p. 286. 10179: 10172: 10154: 10152:, p. 113. 10139: 10127: 10115: 10102: 10071: 10057: 10037: 10023: 10003: 9999:Medlycott 2005 9991: 9975:J. N. Farquhar 9943: 9918: 9911: 9891: 9867: 9852: 9802: 9787: 9769: 9754: 9748:. Thomapedia. 9736: 9721: 9714: 9694: 9674: 9672:, p. 232. 9662: 9640: 9622: 9604: 9582: 9564: 9557: 9537: 9519: 9501: 9478: 9460: 9442: 9424: 9406: 9388: 9370: 9352: 9334: 9308: 9282: 9264: 9238: 9219: 9200: 9181: 9155: 9140: 9112: 9078: 9061: 9050: 9032: 8998: 8964: 8933: 8914:(4): 400–434. 8894: 8871: 8853: 8835: 8817: 8810: 8790: 8768: 8750: 8718: 8686: 8656: 8649: 8621: 8591: 8577: 8557: 8527: 8504: 8478: 8465: 8447: 8440: 8420: 8394: 8366: 8356: 8335: 8301: 8294: 8274: 8248: 8214: 8195: 8177: 8175:, p. 285. 8148: 8107: 8089: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7985:Jesus in India 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7950:Graham Staines 7947: 7942: 7940:Francis Xavier 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7875: 7861: 7845: 7842: 7837:Main article: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7647:Goan Catholics 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7574:('whites') or 7400: 7397: 7305:Indian Maoists 7275:Madhya Pradesh 7250:Graham Staines 7243:Dangs district 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7148: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7098: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7015: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7005: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6992: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6963: 6960: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6944: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6912: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6867: 6864: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6851: 6848: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6832: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6763:Madhya Pradesh 6759: 6758: 6755: 6752: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6640: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6603:Andhra Pradesh 6599: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6563: 6560: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6528: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6512: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6424: 6423: 6420: 6419:Christian (%) 6417: 6414: 6387: 6386: 6385:"Significant" 6383: 6380: 6377: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6359: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6315: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6297: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6279: 6278: 6277:"Significant" 6275: 6272: 6269: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6212:Andhra Pradesh 6172: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104:Restorationism 6101: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5941: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5911: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5895: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5879: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5863: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5841: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5788: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5766: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5743: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5695: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5646: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5624: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5576: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5560: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5542: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5521: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5502: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5484: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5466: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5448: 5441: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5416: 5415: 5408: 5401: 5399: 5390: 5383: 5381: 5375: 5368: 5366: 5359:Goan Catholics 5357: 5350: 5324:Pentecostalism 5147: 5144: 5135: 5125: 5115: 5105: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5081:, followed by 5060: 5057: 5016:All Saints Day 4937:British Indian 4892:is a blend of 4882:Goan Catholics 4811: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4786: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4767: 4765: 4751:Buff-coloured 4750: 4743: 4741: 4733:Gothic Revival 4730: 4723: 4721: 4713:Gothic Revival 4710: 4703: 4701: 4691: 4684: 4682: 4672: 4665: 4663: 4653: 4646: 4644: 4634: 4627: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4609: 4594: 4587: 4585: 4574: 4567: 4565: 4555: 4548: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4452: 4406:Main article: 4395: 4392: 4343:and the wider 4336: 4333: 4163:Andhra Pradesh 4139:Andhra Pradesh 4130: 4129:Other missions 4127: 4082: 4079: 3917:Tamil language 3907:from Germany, 3900: 3897: 3881: 3878: 3836:evangelisation 3733:New Christians 3709:Francis Xavier 3697:Crypto-Muslims 3685:New Christians 3627:diocese of Goa 3580:Raja of Cochin 3510:Francis Xavier 3377: 3374: 3267:Church of Rome 3190:missionaries. 3185:Roman Catholic 3104: 3101: 3077: 3074: 3062:Thana district 3040:was the first 2902: 2899: 2873:David of Basra 2837: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2821: 2814: 2812: 2798: 2791: 2789: 2775: 2768: 2766: 2743: 2736: 2734: 2723: 2716: 2714: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2682: 2675: 2673: 2663: 2656: 2654: 2648: 2641: 2551:Acts of Thomas 2536:Acts of Thomas 2530:Acts of Thomas 2413:(1st century). 2396:Main article: 2393: 2390: 2343:Main article: 2340: 2337: 2332:Main article: 2329: 2328:Ancient period 2326: 2274:advocated for 2213:colonial India 2084:Following the 2063:Malabar region 2003:Acts of Thomas 1992:Malabar region 1963: 1962: 1960: 1959: 1952: 1945: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1601:United Kingdom 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 797: 792: 791: 788: 787: 777: 776: 766: 765: 763: 762: 755: 748: 740: 737: 736: 733: 732: 727: 722: 716: 713: 712: 709: 708: 622: 621: 605: 604: 588: 587: 569: 568: 555:Latin Catholic 544: 543: 522: 521: 518: 517: 514: 513: 510: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 482:Abraham Malpan 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 442:Thomas of Cana 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 392:Saint Alphonsa 389: 383: 380: 379: 376: 375: 372: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 315: 312: 311: 308: 307: 299: 298: 292: 291: 279: 278: 259: 258: 136: 135: 131: 130: 123:Roman Catholic 115: 114: 110: 109: 104:at 6.1% & 88:at 41.29% and 80:at 87.16% and 65: 64: 60: 59: 55: 54: 50: 49: 40: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17562: 17551: 17548: 17547: 17545: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17501: 17499: 17495: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17453: 17452: 17450: 17446: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17423: 17422:Protestantism 17420: 17418: 17415: 17414: 17413: 17410: 17406: 17403: 17401: 17398: 17397: 17396: 17393: 17392: 17390: 17388: 17384: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17346: 17345: 17342: 17341: 17339: 17337: 17333: 17328: 17321: 17316: 17314: 17309: 17307: 17302: 17301: 17298: 17286: 17282: 17278: 17276: 17268: 17267: 17264: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17234: 17232: 17227: 17223: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17211:South Ossetia 17209: 17207: 17204: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17194: 17193: 17191: 17189: 17183: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17157: 17154: 17152: 17149: 17147: 17144: 17142: 17139: 17137: 17134: 17132: 17129: 17127: 17124: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16997: 16994: 16992: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16962: 16959: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16933: 16931: 16929: 16925: 16921: 16914: 16909: 16907: 16902: 16900: 16895: 16894: 16891: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16840: 16838: 16836: 16832: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16815:Uttar Pradesh 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16761: 16758: 16756: 16753: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16687: 16685: 16683: 16679: 16674: 16667: 16662: 16660: 16655: 16653: 16648: 16647: 16644: 16632: 16629: 16628: 16625: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16594: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16584: 16582: 16579: 16577: 16574: 16572: 16569: 16567: 16564: 16562: 16559: 16557: 16554: 16553: 16552: 16549: 16548: 16546: 16542: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16522: 16520: 16518:organisations 16514: 16504: 16501: 16500: 16498: 16496: 16492: 16482: 16479: 16478: 16476: 16474: 16470: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16430: 16428: 16426: 16422: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16315: 16313: 16311: 16307: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16283: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16233: 16231: 16229: 16225: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16160: 16158: 16156: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16134: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16110: 16108: 16106: 16102: 16096: 16093: 16092: 16090: 16088: 16084: 16076: 16073: 16072: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16057: 16055: 16053: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16040: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16020: 16018: 16016: 16012: 16008: 16001: 15996: 15994: 15989: 15987: 15982: 15981: 15978: 15970: 15969: 15964: 15960: 15956: 15955: 15950: 15946: 15945: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15930:public domain 15926: 15922: 15916: 15912: 15911: 15905: 15903: 15899: 15895: 15893: 15889: 15885: 15881: 15876: 15872: 15866: 15862: 15861: 15855: 15851: 15849:0-385-08563-X 15845: 15840: 15839: 15832: 15829: 15825: 15822: 15818: 15816: 15812: 15808: 15804: 15800: 15796: 15792: 15788: 15783: 15779: 15773: 15769: 15768: 15763: 15759: 15755: 15754: 15749: 15745: 15741: 15740: 15735: 15731: 15727: 15726: 15721: 15717: 15713: 15712: 15706: 15702: 15701: 15696: 15695:Mooken, Aprem 15692: 15689: 15685: 15670: 15666: 15662: 15658: 15654: 15647: 15643: 15639: 15636: 15632: 15628: 15624: 15622: 15618: 15614: 15613: 15607: 15604: 15600: 15597: 15596:The Nazranies 15593: 15589: 15586: 15582: 15579: 15575: 15573:0-8135-3324-4 15569: 15565: 15560: 15557: 15553: 15551: 15547: 15543: 15540: 15536: 15534:. pp 247–284. 15533: 15529: 15525: 15521: 15517: 15513: 15509: 15505: 15501: 15497: 15492: 15488: 15482: 15478: 15477: 15471: 15468: 15464: 15461: 15457: 15454: 15450: 15446: 15440: 15436: 15435: 15429: 15427: 15423: 15419: 15415: 15411: 15410: 15405: 15401: 15389: 15385: 15384: 15378: 15374: 15373: 15367: 15363: 15361:0-7190-5184-3 15357: 15353: 15349: 15348: 15342: 15338: 15332: 15328: 15327: 15321: 15320: 15308: 15302: 15298: 15297: 15291: 15287: 15281: 15277: 15276: 15270: 15266: 15260: 15256: 15255: 15249: 15245: 15240: 15236: 15230: 15226: 15221: 15217: 15213: 15209: 15205: 15200: 15196: 15190: 15186: 15185: 15180: 15176: 15172: 15166: 15162: 15161: 15155: 15151: 15145: 15141: 15136: 15132: 15126: 15122: 15117: 15113: 15107: 15103: 15102: 15096: 15092: 15086: 15082: 15077: 15073: 15067: 15063: 15062: 15056: 15052: 15046: 15042: 15038: 15034: 15030: 15024: 15020: 15016: 15012: 15008: 15004: 15000: 14996: 14990: 14986: 14985: 14979: 14975: 14969: 14965: 14964: 14958: 14954: 14953: 14947: 14943: 14938: 14934: 14928: 14924: 14923: 14918: 14917:Baum, Wilhelm 14914: 14910: 14904: 14900: 14899: 14894: 14890: 14889: 14878: 14874: 14871: 14866: 14850: 14846: 14842: 14835: 14819: 14815: 14811: 14804: 14797: 14792: 14790: 14782: 14777: 14775: 14773: 14771: 14762: 14756: 14752: 14747: 14739: 14723: 14719: 14712: 14696: 14692: 14688: 14682: 14666: 14665: 14658: 14651: 14646: 14639: 14634: 14632: 14630: 14613: 14609: 14605: 14599: 14591: 14585: 14577: 14571: 14555: 14551: 14545: 14537: 14533: 14529: 14527: 14519: 14510: 14505: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14491: 14482: 14466: 14462: 14456: 14448: 14444: 14440: 14433: 14417: 14413: 14409: 14402: 14386: 14382: 14381: 14376: 14370: 14354: 14350: 14349: 14344: 14338: 14322: 14318: 14314: 14308: 14306: 14289: 14285: 14279: 14263: 14259: 14255: 14248: 14246: 14229: 14225: 14224:Express India 14221: 14215: 14199: 14195: 14191: 14185: 14169: 14165: 14161: 14155: 14139: 14135: 14131: 14125: 14109: 14105: 14101: 14095: 14087:, p. 35. 14086: 14079: 14071: 14070: 14064: 14056: 14037: 14033: 14026: 14020: 14004: 14000: 13994: 13978: 13974: 13973: 13968: 13961: 13953: 13946: 13930: 13926: 13922: 13916: 13908: 13904: 13900: 13896: 13890: 13874: 13870: 13866: 13860: 13852: 13848: 13844: 13840: 13836: 13832: 13828: 13824: 13817: 13801: 13797: 13793: 13789: 13782: 13766: 13762: 13756: 13748: 13742: 13738: 13731: 13724: 13719: 13703: 13699: 13695: 13689: 13682: 13677: 13661: 13657: 13653: 13647: 13631: 13627: 13623: 13617: 13601: 13597: 13593: 13587: 13571: 13567: 13563: 13557: 13541: 13537: 13533: 13527: 13511: 13505: 13489: 13485: 13479: 13463: 13459: 13455: 13449: 13441: 13435: 13419: 13418:Adherents.com 13415: 13409: 13390: 13383: 13382: 13374: 13363: 13356: 13350: 13331: 13324: 13318: 13316: 13314: 13312: 13310: 13308: 13306: 13304: 13295: 13288: 13286: 13284: 13282: 13265: 13261: 13255: 13247: 13243: 13237: 13229: 13225: 13219: 13211: 13205: 13189: 13188:Adherents.com 13185: 13179: 13177: 13168: 13162: 13146: 13145:Adherents.com 13143: 13137: 13121: 13117: 13111: 13109: 13100: 13098:9781317052296 13094: 13091:. Routledge. 13090: 13089: 13081: 13073: 13069: 13063: 13047: 13043: 13039: 13035: 13031: 13024: 13008: 13004: 13000: 12996: 12992: 12985: 12977: 12971: 12967: 12966: 12958: 12950: 12944: 12940: 12939: 12931: 12923: 12917: 12913: 12912: 12904: 12888: 12884: 12880: 12874: 12858: 12854: 12848: 12832: 12828: 12824: 12818: 12810: 12804: 12800: 12799: 12791: 12775: 12771: 12765: 12763: 12746: 12742: 12738: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12722: 12718: 12711: 12695: 12691: 12685: 12669: 12665: 12661: 12655: 12639: 12635: 12629: 12621: 12617: 12616: 12611: 12605: 12599: 12595: 12592: 12587: 12571: 12567: 12561: 12545: 12541: 12535: 12519: 12515: 12509: 12501: 12497: 12493: 12487: 12472: 12468: 12462: 12454: 12447: 12431: 12427: 12421: 12405: 12401: 12395: 12391: 12390: 12382: 12366: 12362: 12356: 12348: 12344: 12338: 12336: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12310: 12305: 12298: 12282: 12278: 12274: 12267: 12251: 12247: 12243: 12237: 12221: 12217: 12213: 12207: 12191: 12187: 12181: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12151: 12135: 12131: 12127: 12121: 12105: 12101: 12097: 12091: 12075: 12071: 12070:The Telegraph 12067: 12061: 12054: 12049: 12043:, p. 27. 12042: 12037: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12007: 11992:on 7 May 2010 11991: 11987: 11981: 11973: 11968:, p. 98. 11967: 11962: 11954: 11949:, p. 69. 11948: 11943: 11927: 11923: 11917: 11915: 11913: 11911: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11880: 11873: 11872:Tour of Assam 11867: 11848: 11844: 11837: 11831: 11824: 11818: 11802: 11798: 11794: 11788: 11780: 11773: 11765: 11761: 11755: 11739: 11735: 11730: 11723: 11707: 11703: 11699: 11692: 11690: 11673: 11669: 11663: 11647: 11643: 11637: 11631: 11627: 11624: 11620: 11616: 11611: 11605: 11601: 11598: 11594: 11588: 11572: 11568: 11562: 11546: 11542: 11541: 11540:Deccan Herald 11536: 11530: 11523: 11516: 11500: 11496: 11492: 11485: 11469: 11465: 11461: 11457: 11450: 11434: 11430: 11426: 11422: 11418: 11411: 11404: 11392: 11388: 11382: 11378: 11377: 11369: 11362: 11358: 11355: 11350: 11342: 11341: 11336: 11332: 11327: 11326:public domain 11313: 11305: 11298: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11248: 11241: 11239: 11231: 11227: 11224: 11218: 11216: 11208: 11203: 11201: 11192: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11171: 11163: 11161:9789004120808 11157: 11153: 11148: 11147: 11138: 11130: 11128:9789004120808 11124: 11120: 11115: 11114: 11105: 11097: 11090: 11082: 11075: 11067: 11061: 11057: 11050: 11042: 11035: 11018: 11013: 11009: 11005: 11001: 10997: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10981: 10974: 10972: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10954: 10949: 10943: 10935: 10931: 10927: 10921: 10913: 10909: 10905: 10899: 10897: 10887: 10879: 10872: 10865: 10860: 10853: 10848: 10841: 10836: 10829: 10824: 10817: 10816:Hastings 2000 10812: 10810: 10808: 10799: 10797:0-04-950005-8 10793: 10789: 10783: 10767: 10763: 10757: 10748: 10741: 10736: 10720: 10716: 10710: 10694: 10690: 10684: 10677: 10673: 10670: 10664: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10631: 10627: 10624: 10618: 10611: 10606: 10596: 10587: 10580: 10575: 10574: 10567: 10560: 10556: 10553: 10548: 10546: 10538: 10533: 10527:, p. 93. 10526: 10521: 10514: 10509: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10491: 10486: 10479: 10474: 10458: 10454: 10450: 10444: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10414: 10408:, p. 52. 10407: 10402: 10395: 10394:81-7821-008-8 10391: 10385: 10366: 10359: 10357: 10349: 10333: 10329: 10323: 10307: 10303: 10297: 10295: 10278: 10274: 10268: 10261: 10255: 10248: 10243: 10234: 10225: 10217: 10211: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10195: 10188: 10183: 10175: 10173:9781138899018 10169: 10165: 10158: 10151: 10146: 10144: 10137:, p. 41. 10136: 10131: 10125:, p. 53. 10124: 10119: 10112: 10106: 10090: 10086: 10082: 10075: 10060: 10054: 10051:. Routledge. 10050: 10049: 10041: 10026: 10020: 10016: 10015: 10007: 10000: 9995: 9988: 9984: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9968: 9964: 9960: 9954: 9952: 9950: 9948: 9932: 9928: 9922: 9914: 9912:9780275973612 9908: 9904: 9903: 9895: 9888: 9884: 9880: 9874: 9872: 9864: 9859: 9857: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9822: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9788:81-904135-0-3 9784: 9780: 9773: 9765: 9761: 9757: 9755:81-87132-13-2 9751: 9747: 9740: 9734:, p. 29. 9733: 9728: 9726: 9717: 9715:9781087913766 9711: 9707: 9706: 9698: 9691: 9690:0-85229-633-9 9687: 9683: 9678: 9671: 9666: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9636: 9632: 9626: 9618: 9614: 9608: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9586: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9560: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9541: 9533: 9529: 9523: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9482: 9474: 9470: 9464: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9438: 9434: 9428: 9420: 9416: 9410: 9402: 9398: 9392: 9384: 9380: 9374: 9366: 9362: 9356: 9348: 9344: 9338: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9296: 9292: 9286: 9278: 9274: 9268: 9252: 9248: 9242: 9234: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9197: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9170: 9166: 9159: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9141:9781474439848 9137: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9124: 9116: 9109: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9082: 9075: 9071: 9065: 9058: 9053: 9047: 9043: 9036: 9029: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9002: 8995: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8968: 8960: 8956: 8953:: 1011–1028. 8952: 8948: 8944: 8937: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8898: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8875: 8867: 8863: 8857: 8849: 8845: 8839: 8831: 8827: 8821: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8802: 8794: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8772: 8764: 8760: 8754: 8735: 8728: 8722: 8706: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8690: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8660: 8652: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8633: 8625: 8618: 8606: 8602: 8595: 8580: 8578:9788170224976 8574: 8570: 8569: 8561: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8531: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8508: 8492: 8488: 8482: 8475: 8469: 8462: 8458: 8451: 8443: 8441:965-278-179-7 8437: 8433: 8432: 8424: 8408: 8407:w2.vatican.va 8404: 8398: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8371: 8363: 8359: 8357:0-8028-2402-1 8353: 8349: 8342: 8340: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8318: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8297: 8295:9781087965710 8291: 8287: 8286: 8278: 8262: 8258: 8252: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8221: 8219: 8211: 8209: 8205: 8198: 8192: 8188: 8181: 8174: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8145: 8130: 8123: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8063: 8061: 8056: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7887: 7881: 7876: 7873: 7867: 7862: 7859: 7848: 7840: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7718: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7602: 7600: 7595: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7578: 7572: 7566: 7560: 7556: 7555:Chandni Chowk 7552: 7548: 7544: 7539: 7537: 7533: 7532:Christian law 7529: 7525: 7521: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7351: 7345: 7340: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7313:Manoj Pradhan 7310: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7293: 7291: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7216:coastal India 7210: 7206: 7201: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7048:Forward caste 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6987:Daman and Diu 6985: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6884: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6715:Uttar Pradesh 6713: 6712: 6708: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6532: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6441:1,210,854,977 6439: 6437: 6426: 6425: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6352: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6190: 6186: 6177: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5815: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5799: 5798: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5754: 5753: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5582:, East Syriac 5581: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5432: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5412: 5405: 5400: 5397: 5393: 5387: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5367: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5302:Open Brethren 5298: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5154:, 10,570,000 5153: 5132: 5122: 5112: 5104: 5102: 5098: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5023:white wedding 5019: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5008:All Souls Day 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4927:Contemporary 4925: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4912:subregion of 4911: 4907: 4906:Konkan region 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4871:Christianised 4868: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4829: 4828:Goan Catholic 4824: 4816: 4807: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4790:, built on a 4789: 4783: 4778: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4727: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4540:. French and 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4487:Vasco da Gama 4484: 4481:of fine art. 4479: 4478:Vasco da Gama 4472:or lampstand. 4471: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4441: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4400: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4244:William Carey 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4184:(Madras) and 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4143:Visakhapatnam 4140: 4136: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4097:, an English 4096: 4095:William Carey 4087: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4071:Open Brethren 4068: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4018:Basel Mission 4015: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3992:Hermann Hesse 3989: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3890: 3886: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3858:Kanheri Caves 3855: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3744:Crypto-Hindus 3741: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3631:episcopal see 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3611:Pope Paul III 3608: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3549:Vasco da Gama 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3517: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3452:Malabar Coast 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3425:In 1453, the 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3389:Vasco da Gama 3386: 3382: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3314: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3124:at the time. 3123: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076:Modern period 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2915:Malabar coast 2912: 2908: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2891:Chera Dynasty 2888: 2887:copper-plates 2884: 2880: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2860:(present-day 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846:Mediterranean 2843: 2829: 2825: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2754:Kanniyakumari 2751: 2747: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2720: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2596:Apostolic See 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2574:, located at 2573: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555:Niranam Pally 2552: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2540:Indo-Parthian 2537: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2506:Biblical Magi 2503: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2249:Anglo-Indians 2246: 2242: 2238: 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July 2005. 15966: 15952: 15927: 15909: 15897: 15879: 15859: 15837: 15827: 15820: 15806: 15790: 15786: 15766: 15752: 15738: 15724: 15710: 15699: 15687: 15676:. Retrieved 15656: 15652: 15626: 15620: 15611: 15602: 15595: 15591: 15584: 15563: 15558:pp. 299–331. 15555: 15545: 15541:. pp 65–214. 15538: 15531: 15499: 15495: 15475: 15466: 15459: 15452: 15433: 15417: 15408: 15392:. Retrieved 15388:the original 15382: 15371: 15346: 15325: 15295: 15274: 15253: 15243: 15224: 15207: 15203: 15183: 15159: 15139: 15120: 15100: 15080: 15060: 15040: 15018: 14983: 14962: 14951: 14941: 14921: 14897: 14893:Bayly, Susan 14885:Bibliography 14865: 14853:. Retrieved 14844: 14834: 14822:. Retrieved 14813: 14803: 14750: 14738: 14726:. Retrieved 14722:the original 14711: 14699:. Retrieved 14695:the original 14681: 14669:. Retrieved 14663: 14657: 14650:Forrest 1887 14645: 14616:. Retrieved 14612:the original 14598: 14584: 14570: 14558:. 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Retrieved 8071: 7858:India portal 7596: 7540: 7517: 7478: 7470:South Canara 7463: 7459: 7455: 7447:South Canara 7441:against the 7435:Tippu Sultan 7431: 7427:Seringapatam 7421:fort route. 7393:Babri Masjid 7378: 7341: 7299:, after the 7294: 7287: 7247: 7232: 7213: 7205:house church 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7112:Christianity 7111: 6815:104,099,452 6719:199,812,341 6667:Chhattisgarh 6623:112,374,333 6450: 6445: 6440: 6427: 6390: 6372: 6367:"Plurality" 6354: 6336: 6331:"Plurality" 6318: 6300: 6282: 6264: 6239: 6236: 6182: 6162: 6146: 6133: 6118: 6103: 6088: 6075: 6060: 6047: 6032: 6019: 6004: 5989: 5974: 5959: 5943: 5929: 5913: 5897: 5881: 5865: 5847: 5843: 5828: 5813: 5795: 5790: 5772: 5768: 5750: 5745: 5730: 5715: 5700: 5685: 5670: 5648: 5626: 5611: 5596: 5578: 5562: 5544: 5523: 5504: 5486: 5468: 5453: 5445:Latin Church 5439:Orientation 5433:Church name 5418: 5417: 5394:celebrating 5322: 5299: 5272: 5185: 5158:, 2,370,000 5149: 5094: 5076: 5059:Demographics 5053:suit and tie 5043:was worn by 5038: 5020: 5004:Great Friday 4996:Anglo-Indian 4988:patron saint 4969: 4926: 4875: 4860: 4833: 4830:Ros ceremony 4805: 4697:Neoclassical 4621:Se Cathedral 4491: 4475: 4470:Deepasthamba 4469: 4459:Dwajasthamba 4458: 4454: 4442: 4411: 4353: 4349: 4338: 4302: 4284:, including 4282:British Rule 4275: 4252: 4206: 4173: 4167: 4132: 4092: 4059:South Indian 4056: 4046: 4037:South Indian 4030: 4012: 3996:South Indian 3986: 3972: 3965: 3956: 3936: 3902: 3894: 3875: 3867: 3829: 3801:Abbakka Rani 3793:Vijayanagara 3786: 3783: 3772: 3752: 3729:Bene Israels 3682: 3647: 3596: 3573: 3541:Augustinians 3522: 3508: 3488: 3445:spurred the 3424: 3341: 3333: 3321: 3319: 3306: 3302: 3271: 3255: 3227:Latinisation 3219:Latin Church 3192: 3155: 3126: 3112: 3095:, including 3049: 3031: 3018: 3004: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2952: 2942: 2904: 2897:Christians. 2877: 2866: 2842:Central Asia 2839: 2822:Tomb of the 2604: 2550: 2548: 2535: 2528: 2522: 2510:infant Jesus 2499: 2416: 2360:, went on a 2348: 2275: 2261: 2253:Luso-Indians 2174: 2168:through the 2154:Christianity 2126:Syriac Rites 2083: 2081:of worship. 2031:Jesus Christ 2007:Malabar Jews 2000: 1998:) in 52 AD. 1976:2011 census. 1968:Christianity 1966: 1347:Saudi Arabia 1238:Turkmenistan 1125: 1026:South Africa 1016:Sierra Leone 821:Burkina Faso 690:Presbyterian 662:Garo Baptist 634: 633: 632: 623: 614: 613: 606: 597: 596: 589: 582: 581: 570: 561: 560: 545: 536: 535: 525: 524: 523: 295: 275: 271: 267: 263: 26: 17448:Other paths 17417:Catholicism 17400:Sunni Islam 17354:South India 17285:Asia portal 17186:States with 17106:Philippines 17046:South Korea 17041:North Korea 16936:Afghanistan 16873:Lakshadweep 16825:West Bengal 16820:Uttarakhand 16755:Maharashtra 16571:Maharashtra 16425:Pentecostal 15404:Boyd, Robin 14618:29 February 14437:Vinay Lal. 14359:24 February 14234:17 December 13983:3 September 13806:20 November 13656:Cumorah.com 13494:23 November 12727:(2): 1–52. 12674:26 November 12476:26 November 12130:India Today 12072:. Kolkota. 11807:15 November 11551:22 November 11397:15 November 11024:9 September 10854:, p. . 10742:, p. . 10262:. page 287. 10064:2 September 10030:2 September 10017:. ISD LLC. 10001:, p. . 9865:, p. . 9215:Thomas 1974 8743:9 September 8082:18 February 7361:Ghar wapasi 7350:Ghar wapasi 7260:village in 7233:During the 7192:during the 7190:Bajrang Dal 7003:Lakshadweep 6927:12,541,302 6911:10,086,292 6907:Uttarakhand 6895:25,351,462 6831:68,548,437 6799:16,787,941 6767:72,626,809 6751:60,439,692 6735:27,743,338 6671:25,545,198 6655:91,276,115 6651:West Bengal 6619:Maharashtra 6607:84,580,777 6591:61,095,297 6575:41,974,218 6559:31,205,576 6527:32,988,134 6479:72,147,030 6462:33,406,061 6349:"Majority" 6313:"Majority" 6295:"Majority" 6149:(Reformed) 5946:(Reformed) 5932:(Reformed) 5916:(Reformed) 5900:(Reformed) 5884:(Reformed) 5868:(Reformed) 5645:2,100,000+ 5450:11,800,000 5436:Population 5396:Palm Sunday 5318:Bakht Singh 5164:Protestants 5152:Protestants 5079:Protestants 4518:Indo-Gothic 4494:British Raj 4255:Bettiah Raj 4253:During the 3832:Franciscans 3707:missionary 3693:Crypto-Jews 3652:during the 3615:archdiocese 3609:. In 1534, 3590:(1505) and 3529:Franciscans 3443:Christendom 3372:originate. 3148:persecution 3072:community. 3036:missionary 3023:King Alfred 3011:Manimekalai 2976:Vattezhuthu 2921:arrived in 2883:Mesopotamia 2862:Kodungallur 2850:Middle East 2744:St. Mary's 2619:Baluchistan 2615:Afghanistan 2544:Gondophares 2512:along with 2427:Kodungallur 2378:Mesopotamia 2320:in certain 2177:North India 2166:foreign aid 2136:, with the 2118:Catholicism 2114:Pondicherry 2035:Indian Jews 1803:New Zealand 1738:Saint Lucia 1688:El Salvador 1591:Switzerland 1526:Netherlands 1266:Middle East 1208:Philippines 1156:South Korea 1151:North Korea 1086:Afghanistan 1031:South Sudan 921:Ivory Coast 313:Communities 272:Masihi-Qaum 98:Pondicherry 96:at 25.10%, 76:at 87.92%, 17480:Sanamahism 17475:Donyi-Polo 17465:Irreligion 17405:Shia Islam 17166:Uzbekistan 17141:Tajikistan 17056:Kyrgyzstan 17036:Kazakhstan 16956:Bangladesh 16946:Azerbaijan 16878:Puducherry 16848:Chandigarh 16800:Tamil Nadu 16601:Tamil Nadu 16146:Protestant 15678:4 November 15050:3337278663 14824:4 November 14671:15 October 14640:, Joe Lobo 14526:Ghar wapsi 14502:(5): 313. 14490:Ghar Wapsi 14471:11 January 14422:5 December 14391:5 December 14327:2 November 14294:2 November 14204:11 January 14174:11 January 13798:(10): 14. 13536:bwanet.org 13516:19 October 13398:2 November 13339:2 November 12100:India Post 12041:Issar 1997 11899:4 November 11744:19 October 11712:29 January 10864:Bayly 1989 10740:Brown 1956 10312:17 January 10135:Neill 2004 9987:Brown 1956 9985:, p. 235; 9746:Thomapedia 9732:Neill 2004 9229:Mainstream 9196:Oddie 2001 8679:11 January 8584:30 January 8491:Rediff.com 8047:References 7541:Historian 7311:(BJP) MLA 7283:Tamil Nadu 7258:Manoharpur 6959:1,055,450 6955:Chandigarh 6943:6,864,602 6863:1,247,953 6859:Puducherry 6783:3,673,917 6703:1,458,545 6687:1,383,727 6639:1,097,206 6629:1,080,073 6613:1,129,784 6597:1,142,647 6581:1,161,708 6565:1,165,867 6549:1,179,043 6543:2,855,794 6533:1,418,608 6517:1,739,651 6511:1,978,502 6501:2,213,027 6495:2,966,889 6485:4,418,331 6475:Tamil Nadu 6451:27,819,588 6325:1,179,043 6307:1,739,651 6289:2,213,027 6271:6,141,269 6224:Tamil Nadu 6147:Protestant 6072:1,560,000 6061:Protestant 6048:Protestant 6033:Protestant 6020:Protestant 6005:Protestant 5990:Protestant 5986:1,448,209 5975:Protestant 5960:Protestant 5944:Protestant 5930:Protestant 5914:Protestant 5898:Protestant 5882:Protestant 5866:Protestant 5862:1,452,780 5844:Protestant 5791:Protestant 5787:4,220,178 5769:Protestant 5746:Protestant 5742:2,991,276 5731:Protestant 5697:5,000,000 5682:2,600,000 5671:Protestant 5623:4,000,000 5545:Catholic, 5520:4,000,000 5501:1,100,000 5483:1,200,000 5465:1,600,000 5111:Protestant 5063:See also: 5055:nowadays. 4998:Christmas 4894:Portuguese 4867:Malabarese 4510:Neo-Gothic 4502:Neo-Gothic 4438:sacred art 4313:Garo Hills 4234:, and the 4224:Aurangabad 4212:Ahmednagar 4190:Travancore 4077:movement. 4035:worked in 3982:Tamil Nadu 3978:Tamil Nadu 3921:Hindustani 3789:Portuguese 3779:St. Thomas 3645:to China. 3533:Dominicans 3499:Portuguese 3474:under the 3322:Pazhayakūr 3307:Pazhayakūr 3239:Archdeacon 3144:archdeacon 3107:See also: 3027:Marco Polo 2996:Travancore 2879:Knai Thoma 2848:, and the 2758:Tamil Nadu 2607:Bar-Daisan 2600:St. Thomas 2559:St. Thomas 2489:spoken by 2469:school in 2467:exegetical 2425:landed in 2392:St. Thomas 2362:missionary 2308:& the 2300:, such as 2207:and other 2205:Methodists 2201:Calvinists 2102:Tranquebar 2071:Nestorians 2039:evangelism 1793:Micronesia 1668:Costa Rica 1561:San Marino 1521:Montenegro 1501:Luxembourg 1282:Azerbaijan 1243:Uzbekistan 1228:Tajikistan 1163:Kyrgyzstan 1141:Kazakhstan 1116:East Timor 1091:Bangladesh 1011:Seychelles 976:Mozambique 961:Mauritania 946:Madagascar 836:Cape Verde 254:and other 168:Hindi-Urdu 125:(33.19%), 121:(59.22%), 119:Protestant 102:Tamil Nadu 17470:Bathouism 17460:Tribalism 17439:Ahmadiyya 17387:Abrahamic 17372:Ayyavazhi 17252:Hong Kong 17206:Palestine 17131:Sri Lanka 17126:Singapore 17006:Indonesia 16805:Telangana 16790:Rajasthan 16765:Meghalaya 16740:Karnataka 16735:Jharkhand 16581:Meghalaya 16566:Karnataka 16561:Jharkhand 16473:Adventist 16087:Nestorian 15935:on India. 15764:(2002) . 15524:143211480 15181:(2004) . 14845:Asia News 14814:Asia News 14496:Religions 14380:The Hindu 14194:The Quint 14009:27 August 13972:The Hindu 13851:141590947 13843:0019-4646 13771:28 August 13042:0971-751X 13034:The Hindu 13003:0971-751X 12995:The Hindu 12751:15 August 12467:"History" 12277:DNA India 12016:TravelPod 11505:12 August 11274:149285695 11012:145210059 10725:18 August 10699:18 August 10453:Listverse 10085:DNA India 9797:255155413 9595:The Hindu 9174:4 January 9150:242239030 9021:22 August 9007:"History" 8994:creation. 8987:22 August 8973:"History" 8885:The Hindu 8635:. BRILL. 8610:4 January 8052:Citations 7536:Hindustan 7513:Moodbidri 7481:Mangalore 7474:Jamalabad 7419:Jamalabad 7333:vandalism 7271:Rajasthan 7186:Mangalore 6827:Rajasthan 6587:Karnataka 6523:Jharkhand 6491:Meghalaya 6468:6,141,269 6413:State/UT 6284:Meghalaya 6216:Karnataka 6192:Meghalaya 6089:Unitarian 5379:in Mumbai 5295:Lutherans 5173:Anglicans 5156:Catholics 5083:Catholics 4992:Christmas 4980:carnivals 4914:Carnataca 4795:cruciform 4757:limestone 4642:in India. 4601:New Delhi 4581:Mangalore 4468:The rock 4455:Kodimaram 4145:in 1805. 4107:Serampore 4093:In 1793, 4061:state of 4041:Karnataka 4039:state of 4026:Karnataka 4004:Malayalis 3998:state of 3929:Cuddalore 3905:Lutherans 3854:Velha Goa 3815:but from 3813:Mangalore 3753:In 1557, 3737:Judaizing 3679:(c. 1540) 3635:suffragan 3623:suffragan 3342:Puthenkūr 3334:Puthenkūr 3303:Puthenkūr 3298:Jerusalem 3251:Jacobites 3152:Tamerlane 3140:Timothy I 3034:Dominican 2764:in 63 AD. 2592:St Thomas 2495:Pantaenus 2463:Pantaenus 2302:Shiv Sena 2245:Arunachal 2241:Meghalaya 2197:Anglicans 2162:charities 2049:, in the 2027:disciples 1913:Venezuela 1858:Argentina 1773:Australia 1723:Nicaragua 1698:Guatemala 1496:Lithuania 1337:Palestine 1218:Sri Lanka 1213:Singapore 1131:Indonesia 1121:Hong Kong 966:Mauritius 268:Kristhava 140:Malayalam 134:Languages 113:Religions 100:at 6.3%, 82:Meghalaya 17544:Category 17485:Sarnaism 17362:Buddhism 17344:Hinduism 17275:Category 17196:Abkhazia 17146:Thailand 17101:Pakistan 17081:Mongolia 17076:Maldives 17071:Malaysia 16971:Cambodia 16775:Nagaland 16631:Category 16591:Nagaland 16544:See also 16286:Anglican 16228:Reformed 16155:Lutheran 16015:Catholic 15750:(1966). 15736:(1984). 15722:(1970). 15697:(1977). 15669:Archived 15644:(1926). 15406:(1975). 15039:(1887). 15013:(2008). 14895:(1989). 14873:Archived 14849:Archived 14818:Archived 14728:28 April 14554:Archived 14465:Archived 14416:Archived 14385:Archived 14353:Archived 14321:Archived 14288:Archived 14262:Archived 14258:BBC News 14198:Archived 14168:Archived 14144:11 April 14138:Archived 14114:11 April 14108:Archived 14104:Refworld 14036:Archived 14003:Archived 13977:Archived 13929:Archived 13901:. 2013. 13879:11 April 13873:Archived 13800:Archived 13765:Archived 13708:12 March 13702:Archived 13660:Archived 13600:Archived 13488:Archived 13462:Archived 13458:Nasranis 13434:cite web 13389:Archived 13204:cite web 13161:cite web 13120:Archived 13046:Archived 13007:Archived 12887:Archived 12857:Archived 12831:Archived 12774:Archived 12745:Archived 12694:Archived 12594:Archived 12570:Archived 12544:Archived 12518:Archived 12404:Archived 12365:Archived 12324:27 March 12318:Archived 12309:BBC News 12287:23 April 12281:Archived 12256:23 April 12250:Archived 12220:Archived 12190:Archived 12164:Archived 12160:NDTV.com 12134:Archived 12104:Archived 12074:Archived 11926:Archived 11893:Archived 11847:Archived 11801:Archived 11738:Archived 11706:Archived 11672:Archived 11646:Archived 11626:Archived 11600:Archived 11571:Archived 11545:Archived 11499:Archived 11468:Archived 11433:Archived 11391:Archived 11357:Archived 11278:Archived 11226:Archived 10950:(1967). 10908:BBC News 10772:13 March 10672:Archived 10647:Archived 10626:Archived 10555:Archived 10493:Archived 10457:Archived 10427:Archived 10365:Archived 10332:Archived 10283:25 April 10277:Archived 10202:(2010). 10095:23 April 10089:Archived 9936:10 March 9836:Archived 9764:56405161 9321:Archived 9295:Archived 9251:Archived 9095:Archived 9015:Archived 9013:. 2010. 8981:Archived 8979:. 2010. 8959:44148177 8928:43953933 8734:Archived 8705:Archived 8700:ThePrint 8413:5 August 8387:5 August 8235:Archived 8138:24 April 8129:Archived 8076:Archived 7844:See also 7577:firangis 7549:Emperor 7385:Hindutva 7344:Hindutva 7337:Hinduism 7262:Keonjhar 7226:and the 7093:Hinduism 7055:Buddhism 7029:Religion 6991:243,247 6975:343,709 6879:610,577 6847:380,581 6821:129,247 6805:146,093 6789:159,882 6773:213,282 6757:316,178 6741:348,230 6725:356,448 6709:366,130 6693:418,732 6677:490,542 6661:658,618 6645:956,331 6507:Nagaland 6379:366,130 6361:418,732 6343:956,331 6302:Nagaland 6185:Nagaland 6159:15,000+ 6143:103,000 6057:200,000 6044:275,000 6016:480,000 5971:250,000 5940:200,000 5825:650,000 5810:250,000 5783:Lutheran 5765:310,000 5727:700,000 5712:105,000 5667:648,000 5650:Anglican 5628:Anglican 5593:687,442 5541:410,000 5525:Catholic 5123:(33.19%) 5121:Catholic 5113:(59.22%) 4953:Anglican 4434:belfries 4200:and the 4155:Godavari 3740:Nasranis 3735:and the 3633: – 3562:Emperor 3491:Paravars 3476:Holy See 3433:Islamic 3391:died at 3188:Padroado 3157:Padroado 3089:dioceses 3087:and its 3042:Catholic 3000:Nasranis 2781:Arakuzha 2726:Kottayam 2461:is that 2443:Brahmins 2386:Lycaonia 2374:Ethiopia 2318:churches 2266:and the 2233:Nagaland 2187:and the 2158:convents 2116:; as in 2051:Mylapore 2043:martyred 1903:Suriname 1893:Paraguay 1878:Colombia 1783:Kiribati 1708:Honduras 1678:Dominica 1653:Barbados 1616:Scotland 1576:Slovenia 1571:Slovakia 1546:Portugal 1416:Bulgaria 1233:Thailand 1203:Pakistan 1188:Mongolia 1183:Maldives 1178:Malaysia 1106:Cambodia 1066:Zimbabwe 1041:Tanzania 891:Ethiopia 886:Eswatini 866:Djibouti 831:Cameroon 816:Botswana 538:Catholic 288:a series 286:Part of 232:Kokborok 224:Gujarati 216:Assamese 108:at 3.45% 74:Nagaland 17429:Judaism 17377:Sikhism 17367:Jainism 17171:Vietnam 17086:Myanmar 17066:Lebanon 16996:Georgia 16951:Bahrain 16941:Armenia 16810:Tripura 16770:Mizoram 16760:Manipur 16725:Haryana 16720:Gujarat 16586:Mizoram 16576:Manipur 16310:Baptist 16288:/United 15900:(1906) 15394:11 July 14855:11 July 14701:30 July 14560:24 June 14268:23 June 13935:5 March 13683:, p.182 13636:19 July 13606:19 July 13576:19 July 13546:19 July 13468:5 March 13424:5 March 13270:5 March 13194:5 March 13151:5 March 13126:5 March 13052:15 June 13013:15 June 12893:13 June 12863:13 June 12837:13 June 12780:5 March 12741:1177555 12700:5 March 12644:5 March 12576:5 March 12550:5 March 12524:5 March 12436:5 March 12410:5 March 12371:5 March 12026:5 March 11996:22 July 11932:5 March 11856:5 March 11678:5 March 11652:5 March 11597:excerpt 11595:(1999) 11328:: 10600:33–112. 10433:5 March 10374:2 March 10338:23 July 9971:History 9845:2 March 9327:7 April 9301:7 April 9257:7 April 9101:25 June 8763:Studocu 8522:3296297 8330:1237836 8267:26 June 8204:Chennai 7591:nasrani 7449:). The 7074:Sikhism 7007:64,473 6949:12,646 6933:35,631 6917:37,781 6901:50,353 6891:Haryana 6885:60,522 6869:78,550 6853:80,984 6837:96,430 6779:Tripura 6747:Gujarat 6635:Mizoram 6539:Manipur 6338:Mizoram 6320:Manipur 6259:Status 6250:States 6208:Tripura 6196:Manipur 6189:Mizoram 6130:21,447 6115:14,528 6100:42,566 6085:10,000 6029:50,000 6001:12,000 5956:16,600 5910:30,000 5894:10,000 5878:15,000 5738:Baptist 5608:35,000 5597:Baptist 5575:35,000 5559:20,000 5291:America 5285:of the 5133:(7.44%) 5047:men to 4908:to the 4898:Konkani 4810:Culture 4699:style . 4530:Chennai 4520:style. 4426:crosses 4422:pulpits 4418:statues 4216:Solapur 4182:Chennai 4099:Baptist 3959:are in 3933:Tanjore 3763:Malacca 3748:Shudras 3725:Muslims 3664:in the 3639:Funchal 3621:as its 3607:Madeira 3537:Jesuits 3504:Vedalai 3495:Zamorin 3486:coast. 3429:to the 3286:Thoma I 3274:Thoma I 3207:Menezes 3131:of the 3058:Bhatkal 3019:Essanis 3015:Nasrani 2984:Pahlavi 2980:Grantha 2911:Knanaya 2895:Knanaya 2889:by the 2858:Muziris 2785:Nasrani 2576:Palayur 2451:Chennai 2382:Parthia 2370:Armenia 2237:Mizoram 2142:mandirs 2019:Galilee 2015:Aramaic 1908:Uruguay 1883:Ecuador 1863:Bolivia 1838:Vanuatu 1766:Oceania 1713:Jamaica 1693:Grenada 1648:Bahamas 1606:England 1596:Ukraine 1551:Romania 1511:Moldova 1471:Ireland 1466:Iceland 1461:Hungary 1451:Germany 1441:Finland 1436:Estonia 1431:Denmark 1426:Czechia 1421:Croatia 1406:Belgium 1401:Belarus 1396:Austria 1391:Andorra 1386:Albania 1327:Lebanon 1297:Georgia 1287:Bahrain 1277:Armenia 1248:Vietnam 1193:Myanmar 1051:Tunisia 1021:Somalia 1006:Senegal 991:Nigeria 981:Namibia 971:Morocco 936:Liberia 931:Lesotho 881:Eritrea 851:Comoros 826:Burundi 801:Algeria 276:Nasrani 244:Kannada 236:Konkani 228:Marathi 192:Mushing 160:English 156:Punjabi 152:Bengali 86:Manipur 78:Mizoram 17349:Punjab 17336:Indian 17329:topics 17216:Taiwan 17151:Turkey 17116:Russia 17051:Kuwait 17031:Jordan 17021:Israel 16981:Cyprus 16966:Brunei 16961:Bhutan 16868:Ladakh 16795:Sikkim 16785:Punjab 16780:Odisha 16745:Kerala 16682:States 16596:Odisha 15917: 15902:online 15890: 15867: 15846: 15813: 15774: 15633: 15570: 15550:online 15522: 15516:312091 15514: 15483: 15441: 15424: 15358: 15333: 15303: 15282: 15261: 15231: 15191: 15167: 15146: 15127: 15108: 15087: 15068: 15047: 15025: 14991: 14970: 14929: 14905: 14757: 14045:19 May 13849: 13841: 13743: 13666:9 June 13095: 13040: 13001: 12972: 12945: 12918: 12805: 12739: 12396: 12226:4 June 12196:4 June 12170:4 June 12140:4 June 12110:4 June 12080:4 June 11874:, 1960 11623:online 11577:22 May 11439:26 May 11383: 11322: 11287:26 May 11272: 11187: 11158: 11125: 11121:–357. 11062: 11010: 11004:313013 11002: 10962:554054 10960: 10794: 10653:8 June 10463:8 June 10392: 10212: 10170: 10055: 10021: 9909: 9795: 9785: 9762: 9752: 9712: 9688: 9555: 9148: 9138: 9048: 8957: 8926: 8808: 8647: 8575: 8550:17 May 8520: 8497:17 May 8438: 8354: 8328: 8292: 8241:26 May 8193: 7990:Koswad 7565:angrez 7547:Mughal 7509:Hospet 7501:Karkal 7485:Omzoor 7439:Mysore 7319:. The 7297:Odisha 7237:, the 7222:. The 7174:, and 7150:59.5% 7122:32.80% 7097:22.20% 7087:46.1% 7078:30.70% 7059:89.50% 6997:2,820 6981:5,113 6965:8,720 6875:Sikkim 6850:21.28 6731:Punjab 6706:25.10 6690:30.26 6642:87.16 6571:Odisha 6546:41.29 6514:87.93 6498:74.59 6465:18.38 6458:Kerala 6434: 6382:25.10 6364:30.26 6346:87.16 6328:41.29 6310:87.93 6292:74.59 6274:18.38 6266:Kerala 6220:Kerala 6194:, and 5926:5,500 5330:, the 5281:, the 5266:is an 5232:Kerala 5137: 5129: 5127: 5119: 5117: 5109: 5107: 5071:, and 5040:dhothi 5037:, the 5012:Easter 4910:Canara 4857:Kerala 4853:Kerala 4845:Kerala 4753:basalt 4735:style 4715:style 4659:Kollam 4607:style. 4542:Danish 4463:Kerala 4414:Altars 4376:Lahore 4360:swaraj 4327:, and 4321:Khasis 4280:under 4222:, and 4192:. The 4186:Bengal 4103:botany 4063:Kerala 4022:Kerala 4000:Kerala 3935:. The 3925:Madras 3850:Mumbai 3795:ruler 3759:Cochin 3721:Hindus 3705:Jesuit 3568:Jesuit 3560:Mughal 3545:Kappad 3484:Konkan 3480:Kerala 3419:, and 3393:Cochin 3263:Thomas 3243:Thomas 3066:Bombay 3054:Quilon 2992:Hebrew 2957:Quilon 2955:, the 2938:Kerala 2923:Kollam 2844:, the 2828:Kerala 2808:Kerala 2693:Mumbai 2635:France 2631:Vienne 2584:Kerala 2563:Kollam 2542:king, 2525:Syriac 2502:Gaspar 2483:Syriac 2431:Kerala 2384:, and 2304:, the 2277:swaraj 2270:. The 2239:, and 2191:are a 2160:& 2110:Madras 2106:Bombay 2067:600 AD 2023:Israel 1996:Kerala 1888:Guyana 1868:Brazil 1833:Tuvalu 1728:Panama 1718:Mexico 1663:Canada 1658:Belize 1586:Sweden 1566:Serbia 1556:Russia 1541:Poland 1536:Norway 1516:Monaco 1486:Latvia 1481:Kosovo 1456:Greece 1446:France 1379:Europe 1357:Turkey 1322:Kuwait 1317:Jordan 1312:Israel 1292:Cyprus 1223:Taiwan 1101:Brunei 1096:Bhutan 1061:Zambia 1056:Uganda 996:Rwanda 951:Malawi 911:Guinea 901:Gambia 806:Angola 794:Africa 381:People 248:Telugu 240:Kadodi 212:Nepali 144:Syriac 70:Kerala 17395:Islam 17257:Macau 17176:Yemen 17136:Syria 17111:Qatar 17091:Nepal 17026:Japan 17001:India 16991:Egypt 16976:China 16858:Delhi 16705:Bihar 16700:Assam 16556:Assam 15672:(PDF) 15649:(PDF) 15520:S2CID 15512:JSTOR 14039:(PDF) 14028:(PDF) 13847:S2CID 13392:(PDF) 13385:(PDF) 13365:(PDF) 13358:(PDF) 13333:(PDF) 13326:(PDF) 12911:India 12737:JSTOR 11850:(PDF) 11839:(PDF) 11281:(PDF) 11270:S2CID 11250:(PDF) 11008:S2CID 11000:JSTOR 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