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coalition, to an ideologically amenable colleague, or to themselves. Opinion authors can have a large influence on the content of an opinion; two justices in the same majority, given the opportunity, might write very different majority opinions. A chief justice who knows the associate justices well can therefore do much—by the simple act of selecting the justice who writes the opinion of the court—to affect the general character or tone of an opinion, which in turn can affect the interpretation of that opinion in cases before lower courts in the years to come.
2012:
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opinion for the majority falls to the most senior justice in the majority. Thus, when the chief justice is in the majority, they always assign the opinion. Early in his tenure, Chief
Justice John Marshall insisted upon holdings which the justices could unanimously back as a means to establish and build the court's national prestige. In doing so, Marshall would often write the opinions himself and actively discouraged dissenting opinions. Associate Justice
2196:
1390:
56:
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2134:
2074:
1884:
1698:
919:, to decide whether to hear or deny each case. The Supreme Court agrees to hear less than one percent of the cases petitioned to it. While associate justices may append items to the weekly agenda, in practice this initial agenda-setting power of the chief justice has significant influence over the direction of the court. Nonetheless, a chief justice's influence may be limited by circumstances and the associate justices' understanding of
1952:
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2584:"Impeachment of President William Jefferson Clinton - Constitutional Provisions; Rules of Procedure and Practice in the Senate When Sitting on Impeachment Trials; Articles of Impeachment Against President William Jefferson Clinton; President Clinton's Answer; and Replication of the House of Representatives"
935:
The chief justice's formal prerogative—when in the majority—to assign which justice will write the court's opinion is perhaps their most influential power, as this enables them to influence the historical record. They may assign this task to the individual justice best able to hold together a fragile
926:
Despite the chief justice's elevated stature, their vote carries the same legal weight as the vote of each associate justice. Additionally, they have no legal authority to overrule the verdicts or interpretations of the other eight judges or tamper with them. The task of assigning who shall write the
939:
The chief justice chairs the conferences where cases are discussed and tentatively voted on by the justices. They normally speak first and so have influence in framing the discussion. Although the chief justice votes first—the court votes in order of seniority—they may strategically pass in order to
962:
to new U.S. presidents. This is merely custom, and is not a constitutional responsibility of the chief justice. The
Constitution does not require that the presidential oath be administered by anyone in particular, simply that it be taken by the president. Law empowers any federal or state judge, as
793:
The salary of the chief justice is set by
Congress; as of 2024, the annual salary is $ 312,200, which is slightly higher than that of associate justices, which is $ 298,500. The practice of appointing an individual to serve as Chief Justice is grounded in tradition; while the Constitution mandates
1175:
Unlike
Senators and Representatives, who are constitutionally prohibited from holding any other "office of trust or profit" of the United States or of any state while holding their congressional seats, the chief justice and the other members of the federal judiciary are not barred from serving in
948:
was renowned, and even vilified in some quarters, for voting strategically during conference discussions on the
Supreme Court in order to control the Court's agenda through opinion assignment. Indeed, Burger is said to have often changed votes to join the majority coalition, cast "phony votes" by
891:
presided). All three presidents were acquitted in the Senate. Although the
Constitution is silent on the matter, the chief justice would, under Senate rules adopted in 1999 prior to the Clinton trial, preside over the trial of an impeached vice president. This rule was established to preclude the
738:
The United States
Constitution does not explicitly establish an office of the Chief Justice but presupposes its existence with a single reference in Article I, Section 3, Clause 6: "When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside." Nothing more is said in the
794:
that there be a chief justice, it is silent on the subject of how one is chosen and by whom. There is no specific constitutional prohibition against using another method to select the chief justice from among those justices properly appointed and confirmed to the
Supreme Court.
652:
are held, and leads the discussion of cases among the justices. Additionally, when the court renders an opinion, the chief justice, if in the majority, chooses who writes the court's opinion; however, when deciding a case, the chief justice's vote counts no more than that of
912:—regardless of the length of the officeholder's service (even if shorter than that of one or more associate justices). This elevated status has enabled successive chief justices to define and refine both the court's culture and its judicial priorities.
806:, was nominated to the position in 1968 but was not confirmed. As an associate justice does not have to resign their seat on the court in order to be nominated as Chief Justice, Fortas remained an associate justice. Similarly, when Associate Justice
974:
If the chief justice is ill or incapacitated, the oath is usually administered by the seniormost member of the
Supreme Court. Eight times, someone other than the chief justice of the United States administered the oath of office to the president.
931:
eventually persuaded
Marshall and the rest of the court to adopt its present practice: one justice writes an opinion for the majority, and the rest are free to write their own separate opinions or not, whether concurring or dissenting.
289:
1149:, a special tribunal of seven sitting federal judges responsible for selecting the venue for coordinated pretrial proceedings in situations where multiple related federal actions have been filed in different judicial districts.
1212:, when the chief justice is unable to discharge their functions, or when that office is vacant, the chief justice's duties are carried out by the most senior associate justice until the disability or vacancy ends. Currently,
823:
was confirmed as Chief Justice. Additionally, in December 1800, former Chief Justice John Jay was nominated and confirmed to the position a second time but ultimately declined it, opening the way for the appointment of
810:
was nominated and confirmed as Chief Justice in January 1796 but declined the office, he too remained on the court. Two former associate justices subsequently returned to service on the court as Chief Justice.
4704:
432:
1002:'s father, a notary public, administered the oath to his son after the death of Warren Harding. This, however, was contested upon Coolidge's return to Washington, and his oath was re-administered by Judge
785:
and that once in office, a justice's tenure ends only when the justice dies, retires, resigns, or is removed from office through the impeachment process. Since 1789, 15 presidents have made a total of 22
4843:
801:
associate justices have been nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate as Chief Justice: Edward Douglass White in 1910, Harlan Fiske Stone in 1941, and William Rehnquist in 1986. A fourth,
4743:
495:
971:. The chief justice ordinarily administers the oath of office to newly appointed and confirmed associate justices, whereas the seniormost associate justice will normally swear in a new chief justice.
781:. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution specifies that they "shall hold their Offices during good Behavior." This language has been interpreted to mean that judicial appointments are effectively
2377:
Elevated from associate justice to chief justice while serving on the Supreme Court. The nomination of a sitting associate justice to be chief justice is subject to a separate confirmation process.
986:
at his first inauguration; there was no chief justice of the United States, nor any other federal judge prior to their appointments by President Washington in the months following his inauguration.
4694:
460:
4738:
490:
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Listed here (unless otherwise noted) is the position—either with a U.S. state or the federal government—held by the individual immediately prior to becoming Chief Justice of the United States.
4957:
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4873:
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4853:
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4392:
778:
483:
284:
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This was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the United States Senate. Rutledge remains the only "recess appointed" justice not to be subsequently confirmed by the Senate.
4709:
447:
2417:
2298:
2180:
4731:
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476:
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17:
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3415:
3383:
1050:
516:
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3623:
437:
645:
4839:
4726:
3591:
3575:
3559:
3527:
3479:
787:
471:
622:
4387:
3543:
3495:
3463:
3447:
3431:
301:
4488:
3656:
3511:
2240:
1996:
1936:
1808:
1374:
654:
344:
4699:
3367:
427:
1007:
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2363:. Note: The date on which the justice took the judicial oath is here used as the date of the beginning of their service, not the date of the recess appointment.
4382:
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in 1795. However, his subsequent nomination to the office was not confirmed by the Senate, and he left office and the court. In 1930, former Associate Justice
296:
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is by tradition administered by the chief justice. The chief justice serves as a spokesperson for the federal government's judicial branch and acts as a
5079:
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and Congress began using the new title in subsequent legislation. The first person whose Supreme Court commission contained the modified title was
2891:
4940:
4812:
740:
511:
865:
626:
2401:
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857:
1142:, a special court constituted to determine whether aliens should be deported from the United States on the grounds that they are terrorists.
5074:
4354:
1139:
4538:
394:
4817:
4377:
3295:
2439:
1146:
521:
308:
923:; it is definitely limited by the fact that they have only a single vote of nine on the decision whether to grant or deny certiorari.
4990:
3323:
2776:
Johnson, Timothy R.; Spriggs II, James F.; Wahlbeck, Paul J. (June 2005). "Passing and Strategic Voting on the U.S. Supreme Court".
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848:
Along with their general responsibilities as a member of the Supreme Court, the chief justice has several unique duties to fulfill.
1086:
881:
861:
618:
3085:
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5011:
119:
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3243:
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3152:
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982:, as chancellor of the state of New York (the state's highest ranking judicial office), administered the oath of office to
313:
139:
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3333:
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586:
249:
74:
3005:
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743:, which authorizes the establishment of the Supreme Court, refers to all members of the court simply as "judges". The
2411:
979:
184:
2982:
5029:
3922:
1930:
1494:
1307:
1098:
1038:
537:
4347:
1089:, the chief administrative body of the United States federal courts. The Judicial Conference is empowered by the
2948:
1093:
to propose rules, which are then promulgated by the Supreme Court (subject to disapproval by Congress under the
4909:
4419:
3682:
1870:
1744:
1116:, a "secret court" which oversees requests for surveillance warrants by federal police agencies (primarily the
727:
606:
154:
3316:
1750:
869:
2470:"Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2017: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President"
4914:
665:
3047:
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694:
Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 17 people have served as Chief Justice, beginning with
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1320:
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The chief justice sets the agenda for the weekly meetings where the justices review the petitions for
4919:
4786:
3972:
3301:
3175:
2924:
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2752:
2746:
2721:
2715:
1102:
992:, an associate justice of the Supreme Court, administered Washington's second oath of office in 1793.
2790:
1224:
Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, the following 17 men have served as Chief Justice:
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3193:
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1094:
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3144:
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81:
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in 1888. The associate justice title was not altered in 1866 and remains as originally created.
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4150:
4022:
3700:
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2785:
2120:
688:
590:
554:
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3254:
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4796:
4791:
4771:
4761:
4528:
4444:
4296:
4046:
3953:
3898:
3868:
3856:
3778:
3486:
3021:
1991:
1769:
744:
707:
386:
5041:
4822:
4622:
4052:
3997:
3990:
3934:
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1889:
1429:
820:
711:
614:
526:
159:
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given here for each chief justice is the day that person took the oath of office, and the
617:, appoint "Judges of the supreme Court", who serve until they die, resign, retire, or are
259:
41:
8:
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voting against his preferred position, and declined to express a position at conference.
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have been adopted by most state legislatures and are considered canonical by American
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Article I, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution stipulates that the chief justice shall
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3940:
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3239:
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3212:
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3148:
3125:
3017:
2928:
2799:
2756:
2725:
2407:
2201:
1863:
1300:
1181:
1054:
1027:
983:
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864:
president of the United States. Three chief justices have presided over presidential
719:
677:
598:
381:
4126:
3960:
3582:
3390:
2795:
2673:
2672:(6). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Law School: 1665–1707.
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1737:
1671:
1395:
1185:
1017:
722:—served as associate justices prior to becoming chief justice. One chief Justice –
143:
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1132:
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4284:
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3928:
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3116:
Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court
3114:
2051:
1957:
1703:
1609:
1575:
1213:
1046:
1042:
999:
989:
964:
807:
767:
759:
401:
376:
361:
351:
87:
4592:
4580:
4556:
4254:
4224:
4192:
4162:
4138:
4120:
4028:
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3766:
3760:
3748:
3688:
3550:
3454:
3422:
3410:
3378:
3189:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
2291:
2017:
2011:
1923:
1637:
1547:
1513:
1209:
1097:), to ensure the smooth operation of the federal courts. Major portions of the
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630:
411:
169:
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2235:
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1326:
1058:
945:
920:
888:
825:
812:
703:
649:
602:
109:
97:
3164:
The Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the United States Supreme Court
3006:"Choosing a Chief Justice: Presidential Prerogative or a Job for the Court?"
2624:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4634:
4616:
4551:
4513:
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4480:
4278:
4260:
4236:
4132:
4102:
4066:
3754:
3724:
3712:
3614:
3586:
3570:
3554:
3522:
3474:
3179:
3025:
2469:
2261:
699:
638:
634:
406:
371:
356:
336:
63:
2974:
4967:
4640:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4508:
4272:
4168:
3910:
3796:
3772:
3742:
3566:
3538:
3458:
3442:
3426:
2079:
1434:
1276:
1189:
782:
366:
2685:
1034:'s initial oaths reflected the unexpected nature of their taking office.
672:
and, in that capacity, appoints the director and deputy director of the
5053:
4628:
4180:
4078:
3506:
1487:
1177:
1106:
1013:
916:
803:
542:
3331:
55:
4574:
3886:
3362:
2677:
2627:. Ithaca, New York: Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School.
2532:"Sen. Patrick Leahy To Preside Over Trump's Senate Impeachment Trial"
2403:
The Chief: The Life and Turbulent Times of Chief Justice John Roberts
1121:
1020:
were both sworn in on the death of their predecessors by Chief Judge
905:
798:
779:
nominated by the president and confirmed to office by the U.S. Senate
5048:
2440:"Administrative Agencies: Office of the Chief Justice, 1789–present"
1194:
the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy
3358:
1447:
1262:
1184:
was appointed by President Truman to be the U.S. prosecutor in the
940:
ensure membership in the majority if desired. It is reported that:
695:
213:
2975:"Jefferson's Legacy: A Brief History of the Library of Congress"
1176:
other positions. John Jay served as a diplomat to negotiate the
892:
possibility of a vice president presiding over their own trial.
3290:
3186:
Frank, John P. (1995). Friedman, Leon; Israel, Fred L. (eds.).
2195:
1389:
1051:
United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas
884:, which took place after the end of Trump's presidency. Senate
232:
3214:
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
3141:
The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995
2330:
is the day of the justice's death, resignation, or retirement.
1299:
2255:
908:
of the justices. The chief justice always ranks first in the
2133:
2073:
1883:
1697:
1156:
member of the Board of Regents and as the chancellor of the
668:
for the federal courts. The chief justice presides over the
1951:
1763:
1631:
1569:
1507:
753:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
625:
which states that the chief justice shall preside over the
2814:"Presidential Inaugurations: Presidential Oaths of Office"
2784:(2). Law and Society Association, through Wiley: 349–377.
2468:
McMillion, Barry J.; Rutkus, Denis Steven (July 6, 2018).
1823:
3231:
2775:
2277:
2217:
2155:
2095:
2033:
1973:
1905:
1845:
1785:
1719:
1653:
1591:
1529:
1469:
1411:
1348:
1282:
1256:
1138:
Appoints sitting federal judges to the membership of the
1117:
1112:
Appoints sitting federal judges to the membership of the
1008:
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
749:
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
621:. The existence of a chief justice is only explicit in
4362:
3048:"U.S. Senate: Supreme Court Nominations: 1789–Present"
1990:
3256:
The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary
3016:(3). The University of Iowa College of Law: 231–281.
2112:
1114:
United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
958:
The chief justice has traditionally administered the
629:
of the president; this has occurred three times, for
2920:
Storm Center: The Supreme Court in American Politics
2748:
Storm Center: The Supreme Court in American Politics
2717:
Storm Center: The Supreme Court in American Politics
2479:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service.
1802:
1074:, the office of chief justice has moved beyond just
3238:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books.
3143:(2nd ed.). (Supreme Court Historical Society,
904:are governed by the rules of protocol based on the
644:The chief justice has significant influence in the
3113:
2659:"The decisional significance of the Chief Justice"
2657:Cross, Frank B.; Lindquist, Stefanie (June 2006).
2530:Davis, Susan; Totenberg, Nina (January 25, 2021).
2190:
1878:
1862:
4307:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States
2128:
1736:
1670:
1384:
1024:of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.
5066:
2923:(8th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p.
2892:"Presidential Swearing-In Ceremony, Part 5 of 6"
2751:(8th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p.
2720:(8th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p.
2050:
1946:
1818:
1758:
1692:
1608:
1564:
733:
18:Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court
3232:Martin, Fenton S.; Goehlert, Robert U. (1990).
2467:
2290:
2006:
1922:
1626:
1546:
815:was the first. President Washington gave him a
2656:
2529:
2234:
2172:
1442:
1315:
4348:
3317:
2949:"Alien Terrorist Removal Court, 1996–present"
2442:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center.
2250:
562:
4981:Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court
2619:
2617:
2615:
2068:
1502:
1163:Supervises the acquisition of books for the
1082:Serves as the head of the federal judiciary.
702:(since 2005). Five of the 17 chief justices—
4689:
2967:
2916:
2744:
2713:
2477:fas.org (Federation of American Scientists)
2373:
2371:
2369:
1486:
1359:(Resigned, nomination having been rejected)
1140:United States Alien Terrorist Removal Court
880:; Roberts declined to preside over Trump's
454:
27:Chief judicial officer of the United States
4355:
4341:
3324:
3310:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
1147:Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation
698:(1789–1795). The current chief justice is
589:and is the highest-ranking officer of the
569:
555:
54:
2789:
2612:
2356:
2354:
1251:
1219:
5080:1789 establishments in the United States
4440:Cert. dismissed as improvidently granted
2396:
2366:
2342:
2333:
2316:
1199:
1087:Judicial Conference of the United States
1049:, a federal district court judge of the
835:
4963:Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937
4920:Old Supreme Court Chamber, U.S. Capitol
3252:
3138:
3111:
2840:"Excerpt from Coolidge's autobiography"
2643:
244:This article is part of a series on the
14:
5067:
3655:
3235:The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography
3003:
2997:
2894:. Inaugural.senate.gov. Archived from
2846:from the original on December 31, 2017
2600:from the original on December 19, 2019
2446:from the original on December 31, 2017
2351:
1216:is the most senior associate justice.
4782:Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837
4336:
3654:
3344:
3305:
3217:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3185:
3058:from the original on December 9, 2020
2820:from the original on January 21, 2009
2666:University of Pennsylvania Law Review
2581:
2563:from the original on January 13, 2020
2463:
2461:
2420:from the original on February 4, 2021
851:
840:Chief Justices of the United States (
3210:
2955:from the original on October 8, 2019
2301:for the District of Columbia Circuit
2183:for the District of Columbia Circuit
953:
831:
5075:Chief justices of the United States
3088:from the original on April 15, 2010
2985:from the original on March 12, 2011
2695:from the original on April 12, 2019
2486:from the original on August 9, 2019
764:Chief Justice of the United States,
739:Constitution regarding the office.
128:Administrative Office of the Courts
24:
4364:Supreme Court of the United States
4315:
3635:
3345:
3334:Supreme Court of the United States
3296:Chief Justice of the United States
3104:
2872:from the original on April 1, 2011
2458:
747:created the distinctive titles of
587:Supreme Court of the United States
583:chief justice of the United States
75:Supreme Court of the United States
35:Chief Justice of the United States
25:
5091:
3283:
2631:from the original on July 9, 2018
2390:
185:Constitution of the United States
5047:
5035:
5025:
5024:
4925:Old Senate Chamber, U.S. Capitol
4401:
3289:
2800:10.1111/j.0023-9216.2005.00085.x
2582:Sisco, Gary (January 13, 1999).
2254:
2194:
2132:
2072:
2010:
1950:
1931:United States Secretary of State
1882:
1822:
1762:
1696:
1630:
1568:
1506:
1495:United States Secretary of State
1446:
1388:
1319:
1308:United States Secretary of State
1255:
1099:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1037:On November 22, 1963, after the
302:Ideological leanings of justices
258:
40:
5012:United States Solicitor General
4739:Justices who served in Congress
3070:
3040:
2941:
2910:
2884:
2858:
2832:
2806:
2769:
2738:
2707:
1065:
683:of the Board of Regents of the
595:Article II, Section 2, Clause 2
491:Justices who served in Congress
4941:Article III, U.S. Constitution
2575:
2549:
2523:
2498:
2432:
2299:United States Court of Appeals
2181:United States Court of Appeals
1871:President of the United States
1745:Illinois State Bar Association
1685:Ohio constitutional convention
728:President of the United States
623:Article I, Section 3, Clause 6
607:president of the United States
13:
1:
4910:Royal Exchange, New York City
4792:Judicial Circuits Act of 1866
3211:Hall, Kermit L., ed. (1992).
3010:Journal of Law & Politics
2866:"Prologue: Selected Articles"
2383:
2288:18 years, 354 days
2232:18 years, 342 days
2110:15 years, 261 days
1920:11 years, 126 days
1800:10 years, 151 days
1751:Illinois State Representative
1734:21 years, 269 days
1544:28 years, 198 days
1484:34 years, 152 days
902:procedures and inner workings
734:Origin, title and appointment
646:selection of cases for review
68:since September 29, 2005
4958:Code of Conduct for Justices
2170:17 years, 95 days
1988:4 years, 293 days
1860:8 years, 207 days
1668:14 years, 19 days
1606:8 years, 143 days
1426:4 years, 282 days
1297:5 years, 253 days
1145:Appoints the members of the
1120:) against suspected foreign
895:
870:1868 trial of Andrew Johnson
773:The chief justice, like all
666:chief administrative officer
660:While nowhere mandated, the
7:
4976:Impeachment of Samuel Chase
4915:Old City Hall, Philadelphia
4777:Seventh Circuit Act of 1807
4393:Nomination and confirmation
3253:Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994).
2951:. Federal Judicial Center.
2048:7 years, 76 days
1124:inside the United States. (
1053:, administered the oath to
960:presidential oath of office
726:– had previously served as
687:and, by custom, is elected
662:presidential oath of office
609:to nominate, and, with the
285:Nomination and confirmation
10:
5096:
4399:
3176:J. B. Lippincott & Co.
3120:(3rd ed.). New York:
3112:Abraham, Henry J. (1992).
3078:"Justices 1789 to Present"
2917:O'Brien, David M. (2008).
2745:O'Brien, David M. (2008).
2714:O'Brien, David M. (2008).
2557:"U.S. Senate: Impeachment"
1085:Serves as the head of the
1078:. The chief justice also:
967:, to administer oaths and
878:2020 trial of Donald Trump
874:1999 trial of Bill Clinton
676:. The chief justice is an
585:is the chief judge of the
461:List of associate justices
290:Judiciary Committee review
5020:
4933:
4894:
4805:
4787:Tenth Circuit Act of 1863
4752:
4744:Burial places of justices
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4565:
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4370:
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3353:
3340:
1370:Common Pleas and Sessions
1229:
1103:Federal Rules of Evidence
496:Burial places of justices
227:
219:
209:
190:
180:
168:
149:
133:
115:
105:
80:
73:
51:
46:Seal of the Supreme Court
39:
34:
5042:United States portal
4986:Supreme Court in fiction
3194:Chelsea House Publishers
3004:Pettys, Todd E. (2006).
2778:Law & Society Review
2310:
1095:Congressional Review Act
996:John Calvin Coolidge Sr.
477:Unsuccessful nominations
3145:Congressional Quarterly
3139:Cushman, Clare (2001).
3122:Oxford University Press
2842:. Historicvermont.org.
2506:"Judicial Compensation"
2059:United States Secretary
1617:United States Secretary
1555:United States Secretary
1368:South Carolina Court of
1158:Smithsonian Institution
1004:Adolph A. Hoehling, Jr.
858:preside over the Senate
685:Smithsonian Institution
619:impeached and convicted
181:Constituting instrument
4902:Supreme Court Building
4320:
3640:
3170:July 27, 2020, at the
2121:Governor of California
1220:List of chief justices
1188:of leading Nazis, and
951:
872:), William Rehnquist (
845:
741:Article III, Section 1
641:’s first impeachment.
591:U.S. federal judiciary
455:List of chief justices
314:Supreme Court building
140:Supreme Court Building
4997:United States Reports
4946:original jurisdiction
4830:Reporter of Decisions
4797:Judiciary Act of 1869
4772:Judiciary Act of 1802
4767:Judiciary Act of 1801
4762:Judiciary Act of 1789
4529:Ketanji Brown Jackson
4445:Grant, vacate, remand
4435:Cert. before judgment
4319:
3639:
3487:Edward Douglass White
3028:on September 25, 2018
1992:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1771:Edward Douglass White
1430:United States Senator
1200:Disability or vacancy
942:
886:president pro-tempore
876:), and John Roberts (
839:
762:assumed the title of
745:Judiciary Act of 1789
708:Edward Douglass White
674:Administrative Office
517:Reporter of Decisions
387:Ketanji Brown Jackson
4823:Supreme Court Police
4388:Ideological leanings
3519:Charles Evans Hughes
3298:at Wikimedia Commons
3082:www.supremecourt.gov
2510:United States Courts
2243:of the Supreme Court
2114:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1999:of the Supreme Court
1939:of the Supreme Court
1891:Charles Evans Hughes
1811:of the Supreme Court
1377:of the Supreme Court
1366:Chief Justice of the
1070:Since the tenure of
900:Many of the court's
882:second trial in 2021
844:, December 24, 1864)
821:Charles Evans Hughes
788:official nominations
712:Charles Evans Hughes
615:United States Senate
527:Supreme Court Police
522:Marshal of the Court
428:List of all justices
252:of the United States
4991:Supreme Court leaks
4457:In-chambers opinion
3503:William Howard Taft
2979:Library of Congress
2898:on February 3, 2011
1831:William Howard Taft
1804:William Howard Taft
1169:Library of Congress
1122:intelligence agents
1072:William Howard Taft
910:order of precedence
868:: Salmon P. Chase (
724:William Howard Taft
670:Judicial Conference
504:Court functionaries
124:Judicial Conference
4753:Statutes affecting
4695:Associate justices
4489:Associate justices
4383:Court demographics
4321:
3657:Associate justices
3641:
3261:Garland Publishing
2816:. Memory.loc.gov.
2400:(March 26, 2019).
2361:Recess appointment
2278:September 29, 2005
2271:September 29, 2005
2218:September 26, 1986
2211:September 17, 1986
2162:September 26, 1986
2040:September 8, 1953
1682:Presiding officer,
1677:Ohio State Senator
1272:September 26, 1789
1091:Rules Enabling Act
1076:first among equals
1032:Theodore Roosevelt
866:impeachment trials
852:Impeachment trials
846:
817:recess appointment
716:Harlan Fiske Stone
611:advice and consent
484:Confirmation votes
345:Associate justices
322:Current membership
309:Lists of decisions
194:March 4, 1789
163:advice and consent
5062:
5061:
4681:Lists of justices
4524:Amy Coney Barrett
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
3646:
3645:
3599:William Rehnquist
3294:Media related to
3274:978-0-8153-1176-8
3245:978-0-87187-554-9
3224:978-0-19-505835-2
3203:978-0-7910-1377-9
3161:Flanders, Henry.
3154:978-1-56802-126-3
3131:978-0-19-506557-2
2981:. March 6, 2006.
2934:978-0-393-93218-8
2762:978-0-393-93218-8
2731:978-0-393-93218-8
2308:
2307:
2241:Associate Justice
2224:September 3, 2005
2203:William Rehnquist
1997:Associate Justice
1937:Associate Justice
1906:February 24, 1930
1899:February 13, 1930
1864:Warren G. Harding
1809:Associate Justice
1786:December 19, 1910
1779:December 12, 1910
1592:December 15, 1864
1418:December 15, 1800
1375:Associate Justice
1355:December 28, 1795
1337:December 15, 1795
1301:George Washington
1182:Robert H. Jackson
1055:Lyndon B. Johnson
1028:Chester A. Arthur
984:George Washington
980:Robert Livingston
954:Presidential oath
832:Powers and duties
790:to the position.
720:William Rehnquist
655:any other justice
627:impeachment trial
599:U.S. Constitution
579:
578:
438:by time in office
420:Lists of justices
382:Amy Coney Barrett
239:
238:
120:Federal judiciary
16:(Redirected from
5087:
5052:
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5004:Lawyers' Edition
4539:Retired justices
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3583:Warren E. Burger
3391:Oliver Ellsworth
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3332:Justices of the
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3174:. Philadelphia:
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1852:February 3, 1930
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1738:Grover Cleveland
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1672:Ulysses S. Grant
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1647:January 21, 1874
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1585:December 6, 1864
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1470:February 4, 1801
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1397:Oliver Ellsworth
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1283:October 19, 1789
1273:
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1186:Nuremberg trials
1039:assassination of
1018:Millard Fillmore
921:legal principles
648:, presides when
571:
564:
557:
395:Retired justices
262:
241:
240:
235:
233:SupremeCourt.gov
205:
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198:
144:Washington, D.C.
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5030:Other countries
5016:
4929:
4890:
4801:
4754:
4748:
4727:All nominations
4682:
4676:
4665:Rehnquist Court
4587:Ellsworth Court
4561:
4547:Anthony Kennedy
4533:
4519:Brett Kavanaugh
4504:Sonia Sotomayor
4494:Clarence Thomas
4468:Current members
4463:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4366:
4361:
4331:
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4304:
4302:
4204:
4145:J. M. Harlan II
4058:
3996:
3952:
3668:
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3642:
3631:
3630:
3535:Harlan F. Stone
3471:Melville Fuller
3439:Salmon P. Chase
3349:
3336:
3330:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3246:
3225:
3204:
3172:Wayback Machine
3155:
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3107:
3105:Further reading
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2096:October 5, 1953
2091:
2088:
2084:
2063:
2061:of the Treasury
2060:
2057:
2052:Harry S. Truman
2043:
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2029:
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2001:
1998:
1983:
1982:
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1962:
1959:Harlan F. Stone
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1720:October 8, 1888
1715:
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1705:Melville Fuller
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1679:
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1659:
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1649:
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1642:
1621:
1619:of the Treasury
1618:
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1610:Abraham Lincoln
1601:
1600:
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1580:
1577:Salmon P. Chase
1559:
1557:of the Treasury
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1234:
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1214:Clarence Thomas
1202:
1068:
1047:Sarah T. Hughes
1043:John F. Kennedy
1000:Calvin Coolidge
990:William Cushing
965:notaries public
956:
929:William Johnson
898:
854:
842:Harper's Weekly
834:
808:William Cushing
768:Melville Fuller
760:Salmon P. Chase
736:
575:
538:Other countries
472:All nominations
468:Specialty lists
465:
457:
402:Anthony Kennedy
391:
377:Brett Kavanaugh
362:Sonia Sotomayor
352:Clarence Thomas
341:
251:
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197:(235 years ago)
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5054:Law portal
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4720:time in office
4717:
4712:
4707:
4697:
4692:
4690:Chief justices
4686:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4673:(2005–present)
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4656:
4650:
4644:
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4602:
4596:
4593:Marshall Court
4590:
4584:
4581:Rutledge Court
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4562:
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4557:Stephen Breyer
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4378:Lists of cases
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4299:(2022–present)
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4293:(2020–present)
4288:
4287:(2018–present)
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4281:(2017–present)
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4275:(2010–present)
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4252:
4246:
4245:(1991–present)
4240:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
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4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
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4094:
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4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4056:
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4038:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3994:
3988:
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3958:
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3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
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3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3612:
3596:
3580:
3564:
3551:Fred M. Vinson
3548:
3532:
3516:
3500:
3484:
3468:
3455:Morrison Waite
3452:
3436:
3423:Roger B. Taney
3420:
3404:
3388:
3372:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3347:Chief justices
3338:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3285:
3284:External links
3282:
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2398:Biskupic, Joan
2388:
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2292:George W. Bush
2289:
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2116:
2111:
2108:
2093:
2092:(Acclamation)
2086:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2031:
2030:(Acclamation)
2024:
2019:Fred M. Vinson
2015:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1980:April 22, 1946
1971:
1970:(Acclamation)
1964:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1926:
1924:Herbert Hoover
1921:
1918:
1903:
1896:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1843:
1842:(Acclamation)
1836:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1783:
1782:(Acclamation)
1776:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1717:
1710:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1674:
1669:
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1660:March 23, 1888
1651:
1644:
1639:Morrison Waite
1635:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1589:
1588:(Acclamation)
1582:
1573:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1550:
1548:Andrew Jackson
1545:
1542:
1530:March 28, 1836
1527:
1523:March 15, 1836
1520:
1515:Roger B. Taney
1511:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1467:
1466:(Acclamation)
1460:
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1363:138 days
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1241:Tenure length
1239:
1236:
1233:Date confirmed
1231:
1230:Chief Justice
1221:
1218:
1206:28 U.S.C.
1201:
1198:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:50 U.S.C.
1110:
1083:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1035:
1025:
1022:William Cranch
1011:
993:
987:
955:
952:
944:Chief Justice
897:
894:
853:
850:
833:
830:
775:federal judges
735:
732:
691:of the board.
650:oral arguments
631:Andrew Johnson
577:
576:
574:
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566:
559:
551:
548:
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532:
531:
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469:
464:
463:
458:
452:
451:
450:
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435:
422:
421:
417:
416:
415:
414:
412:Stephen Breyer
409:
404:
398:
397:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
348:
347:
340:
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333:
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324:
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318:
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316:
311:
305:
304:
299:
294:
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282:
277:
269:
268:
264:
263:
255:
254:
246:
245:
237:
236:
229:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
151:
147:
146:
137:
131:
130:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
95:(within court)
84:
78:
77:
71:
70:
60:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5092:
5081:
5078:
5076:
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4953:Camera policy
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4844:Chief Justice
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4806:Functionaries
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4671:Roberts Court
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4476:Chief justice
4473:
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4452:Shadow docket
4450:
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4426:
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4422:
4421:Amicus curiae
4418:
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4409:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
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4379:
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4244:
4241:
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4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
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4211:
4208:* (1972–1986)
4207:
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4182:
4179:
4176:
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4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
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4077:
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4068:
4065:
4062:* (1925–1941)
4061:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:* (1910–1916)
3999:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:* (1894–1910)
3955:
3951:
3948:
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3939:
3936:
3933:
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3927:
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3921:
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3837:
3834:
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3828:
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3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
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3786:
3783:
3780:
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3735:
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3723:
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3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:* (1790–1791)
3671:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3638:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3593:
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3584:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3407:John Marshall
3405:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3375:John Rutledge
3373:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3315:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3276:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3109:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2913:
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2797:
2792:
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2779:
2772:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2750:
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2741:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
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2671:
2667:
2660:
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2651:
2649:
2647:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2419:
2415:
2413:9780465093281
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2315:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2276:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2236:Ronald Reagan
2231:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2175:
2174:Richard Nixon
2169:
2156:June 23, 1969
2154:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2102:June 23, 1969
2094:
2089:March 1, 1954
2087:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2034:June 24, 1946
2032:
2027:June 20, 1946
2025:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1972:
1967:June 27, 1941
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1912:June 30, 1941
1904:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1846:July 11, 1921
1844:
1839:June 30, 1921
1837:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1718:
1713:July 20, 1888
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1654:March 4, 1874
1652:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1455:John Marshall
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1412:March 8, 1796
1410:
1405:March 4, 1796
1403:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1365:
1362:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1328:John Rutledge
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1289:June 29, 1795
1281:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1244:Appointed by
1243:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:Serves as an
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1060:
1059:Air Force One
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
981:
978:
977:
976:
972:
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966:
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947:
946:Warren Burger
941:
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889:Patrick Leahy
887:
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838:
829:
827:
826:John Marshall
822:
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813:John Rutledge
809:
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5002:
4995:
4968:
4732:unsuccessful
4700:All justices
4683:and nominees
4659:Burger Court
4653:Warren Court
4647:Vinson Court
4635:Hughes Court
4617:Fuller Court
4552:David Souter
4514:Neil Gorsuch
4499:Samuel Alito
4487:
4481:John Roberts
4475:
4474:
4428:
4420:
4306:
4005:Van Devanter
3893:J. M. Harlan
3622:
3619:2005–present
3615:John Roberts
3606:
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3259:. New York:
3255:
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3188:
3180:Google Books
3163:
3140:
3115:
3090:. Retrieved
3081:
3072:
3062:February 17,
3060:. Retrieved
3051:
3042:
3030:. Retrieved
3026:the original
3013:
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2999:
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2969:
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2943:
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2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2896:the original
2886:
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2834:
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2808:
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2740:
2716:
2709:
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2669:
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2633:. Retrieved
2604:February 10,
2602:. Retrieved
2590:
2577:
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2551:
2541:February 15,
2539:. Retrieved
2535:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2509:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2476:
2448:. Retrieved
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2402:
2392:
2344:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2304:(2003–2005)
2296:Judge of the
2267:(born 1955)
2263:John Roberts
2262:
2246:(1972–1986)
2207:(1924–2005)
2202:
2186:(1956–1969)
2178:Judge of the
2149:June 9, 1969
2145:(1907–1995)
2140:
2124:(1943–1953)
2085:(1891–1974)
2080:
2064:(1945–1946)
2023:(1890–1953)
2018:
2002:(1925–1941)
1974:July 3, 1941
1963:(1872–1946)
1958:
1942:(1910–1916)
1895:(1862–1948)
1890:
1874:(1909–1913)
1835:(1857–1930)
1830:
1814:(1894–1910)
1792:May 19, 1921
1775:(1845–1921)
1770:
1754:(1863–1865)
1726:July 4, 1910
1709:(1833–1910)
1704:
1643:(1816–1888)
1638:
1622:(1861–1864)
1581:(1808–1873)
1576:
1560:(1833–1834)
1519:(1777–1864)
1514:
1498:(1800–1801)
1476:July 6, 1835
1459:(1755–1835)
1454:
1438:(1789–1796)
1401:(1745–1807)
1396:
1380:(1789–1791)
1342:
1336:
1332:(1739–1800)
1327:
1311:(1789–1790)
1268:(1745–1829)
1263:
1223:
1203:
1174:
1153:
1125:
1069:
1066:Other duties
973:
969:affirmations
957:
943:
938:
934:
925:
914:
899:
860:trial of an
855:
847:
841:
796:
792:
772:
763:
757:
752:
748:
737:
700:John Roberts
693:
678:
659:
643:
639:Donald Trump
635:Bill Clinton
582:
580:
448:by education
407:David Souter
372:Neil Gorsuch
357:Samuel Alito
337:John Roberts
329:
297:Demographics
210:First holder
64:John Roberts
29:
4667:(1986–2005)
4661:(1969–1986)
4655:(1953–1969)
4649:(1946–1953)
4643:(1941–1946)
4641:Stone Court
4637:(1930–1941)
4631:(1921–1930)
4625:(1910–1921)
4623:White Court
4619:(1888–1910)
4613:(1874–1888)
4611:Waite Court
4607:(1864–1873)
4605:Chase Court
4601:(1836–1864)
4599:Taney Court
4595:(1801–1835)
4589:(1796–1800)
4577:(1789–1795)
4509:Elena Kagan
4257:(1994–2022)
4251:(1993–2020)
4239:(1990–2009)
4233:(1988–2018)
4227:(1986–2016)
4221:(1981–2006)
4215:(1975–2010)
4201:(1972–1987)
4195:(1970–1994)
4189:(1967–1991)
4187:T. Marshall
4183:(1965–1969)
4177:(1962–1965)
4171:(1962–1993)
4165:(1958–1981)
4159:(1957–1962)
4153:(1956–1990)
4147:(1955–1971)
4141:(1949–1956)
4135:(1949–1967)
4129:(1945–1958)
4123:(1943–1949)
4121:W. Rutledge
4117:(1941–1954)
4111:(1941–1942)
4105:(1940–1949)
4099:(1939–1975)
4093:(1939–1962)
4091:Frankfurter
4087:(1938–1957)
4081:(1937–1971)
4075:(1932–1938)
4069:(1930–1945)
4055:(1923–1930)
4049:(1923–1939)
4043:(1922–1938)
4037:(1916–1922)
4031:(1916–1939)
4025:(1914–1941)
4019:(1912–1922)
4013:(1911–1916)
4007:(1911–1937)
3993:(1910–1914)
3987:(1906–1910)
3981:(1903–1922)
3975:(1902–1932)
3969:(1898–1925)
3963:(1896–1909)
3949:(1893–1895)
3943:(1892–1903)
3937:(1891–1906)
3931:(1890–1910)
3925:(1888–1893)
3919:(1882–1893)
3913:(1882–1902)
3907:(1881–1889)
3901:(1881–1887)
3895:(1877–1911)
3889:(1873–1882)
3883:(1870–1892)
3877:(1870–1880)
3871:(1863–1897)
3865:(1862–1877)
3859:(1862–1890)
3853:(1862–1881)
3847:(1858–1881)
3841:(1853–1861)
3835:(1851–1857)
3829:(1846–1870)
3823:(1845–1851)
3817:(1845–1872)
3811:(1842–1860)
3805:(1838–1852)
3799:(1837–1865)
3793:(1836–1841)
3787:(1835–1867)
3781:(1830–1844)
3775:(1829–1861)
3769:(1826–1828)
3763:(1823–1843)
3757:(1812–1845)
3751:(1811–1835)
3745:(1807–1826)
3739:(1807–1823)
3733:(1804–1834)
3727:(1800–1804)
3721:(1798–1829)
3715:(1796–1811)
3709:(1793–1806)
3703:(1792–1793)
3697:(1790–1799)
3691:(1790–1795)
3685:(1789–1798)
3679:(1790–1810)
3670:J. Rutledge
3567:Earl Warren
3092:January 11,
2989:January 14,
2625:"Judiciary"
2567:January 15,
2515:January 18,
2424:October 15,
2081:Earl Warren
1934:(1921–1925)
1680:(1849–1850)
1598:May 7, 1873
1435:Connecticut
1372:(1791–1795)
1277:Acclamation
1190:Earl Warren
1165:Law Library
1133:§ 1803
1107:law schools
367:Elena Kagan
175:Life tenure
170:Term length
5069:Categories
4755:court size
4629:Taft Court
4429:Certiorari
4412:Procedures
4297:K. Jackson
4115:R. Jackson
4067:O. Roberts
4041:Sutherland
4023:McReynolds
3947:H. Jackson
3917:Blatchford
3737:Livingston
3731:W. Johnson
3719:Washington
3701:T. Johnson
3263:. p.
3178:, 1874 at
2959:August 16,
2902:August 17,
2384:References
2324:start date
1856:(Resigned)
1742:President,
1488:John Adams
1422:(Resigned)
1293:(Resigned)
1178:Jay Treaty
1154:ex officio
1041:President
1014:John Tyler
917:certiorari
804:Abe Fortas
689:chancellor
679:ex officio
637:, and for
543:Law Portal
280:Procedures
202:1789-03-04
93:Your Honor
91:(informal)
86:Mr. Chief
4835:Law clerk
4710:education
4575:Jay Court
4371:The court
4285:Kavanaugh
4267:Sotomayor
4206:Rehnquist
4157:Whittaker
3603:1986–2005
3587:1969–1986
3571:1953–1969
3555:1946–1953
3539:1941–1946
3523:1930–1941
3507:1921–1930
3491:1910–1921
3475:1888–1910
3459:1874–1888
3443:1864–1873
3427:1836–1864
3411:1801–1835
3395:1796–1800
3363:1789–1795
3032:April 10,
2786:CiteSeerX
2490:August 7,
2450:April 10,
2284:Incumbent
2166:(Retired)
2106:(Retired)
1916:(Retired)
906:seniority
896:Seniority
862:impeached
799:incumbent
758:In 1866,
267:The Court
191:Formation
155:President
150:Appointer
116:Member of
61:Incumbent
4908:Former:
4895:Location
4249:Ginsburg
4219:O'Connor
4193:Blackmun
4175:Goldberg
4169:B. White
4029:Brandeis
4011:J. Lamar
3954:E. White
3923:L. Lamar
3905:Matthews
3845:Clifford
3839:Campbell
3821:Woodbury
3803:McKinley
3761:Thompson
3713:S. Chase
3707:Paterson
3359:John Jay
3168:Archived
3147:Books).
3086:Archived
3056:Archived
2983:Archived
2953:Archived
2870:Archived
2844:Archived
2824:June 21,
2818:Archived
2690:Archived
2686:40041349
2629:Archived
2595:Archived
2561:Archived
2481:Archived
2444:Archived
2418:Archived
2328:end date
2274:(78–22)
2214:(65–33)
1902:(52–26)
1716:(41–20)
1526:(29–15)
1264:John Jay
1210:§ 3
1192:chaired
1045:, Judge
963:well as
783:for life
696:John Jay
433:by court
214:John Jay
101:(formal)
4969:Lochner
4934:Related
4884:Seat 10
4818:Marshal
4567:History
4291:Barrett
4279:Gorsuch
4231:Kennedy
4213:Stevens
4163:Stewart
4151:Brennan
4097:Douglas
4073:Cardozo
4053:Sanford
3967:McKenna
3961:Peckham
3881:Bradley
3791:Barbour
3779:Baldwin
3767:Trimble
3695:Iredell
3677:Cushing
2876:May 15,
2850:May 15,
2699:May 23,
2635:May 23,
2591:GovInfo
2152:(74–3)
1688:(1873)
1650:(63–0)
1408:(21–1)
1238:Tenure
1235:(Vote)
1167:of the
1057:aboard
1006:of the
613:of the
605:to the
601:grants
597:of the
443:by seat
275:History
228:Website
200: (
88:Justice
4879:Seat 9
4874:Seat 8
4869:Seat 6
4864:Seat 4
4859:Seat 3
4854:Seat 2
4849:Seat 1
4583:(1795)
4255:Breyer
4243:Thomas
4237:Souter
4225:Scalia
4199:Powell
4181:Fortas
4139:Minton
4127:Burton
4109:Byrnes
4103:Murphy
4047:Butler
4035:Clarke
4017:Pitney
3998:Hughes
3991:Lurton
3973:Holmes
3941:Shiras
3929:Brewer
3875:Strong
3857:Miller
3851:Swayne
3833:Curtis
3815:Nelson
3809:Daniel
3797:Catron
3773:McLean
3749:Duvall
3683:Wilson
3271:
3242:
3221:
3200:
3151:
3128:
3022:958829
3020:
2931:
2788:
2759:
2728:
2684:
2410:
2228:(Died)
2044:(Died)
1984:(Died)
1796:(Died)
1748:(1886)
1730:(Died)
1664:(Died)
1602:(Died)
1540:(Died)
1480:(Died)
1305:Acting
1208:
1204:Under
1131:
797:Three
718:, and
681:member
512:Clerks
220:Salary
160:Senate
106:Status
4840:lists
4813:Clerk
4705:court
4423:brief
4273:Kagan
4261:Alito
4133:Clark
4079:Black
4060:Stone
3985:Moody
3935:Brown
3899:Woods
3869:Field
3863:Davis
3827:Grier
3785:Wayne
3755:Story
3725:Moore
3689:Blair
3624:cases
3608:cases
3592:cases
3576:cases
3560:cases
3544:cases
3528:cases
3512:cases
3496:cases
3480:cases
3464:cases
3448:cases
3432:cases
3416:cases
3400:cases
3384:cases
3368:cases
2693:(PDF)
2682:JSTOR
2662:(PDF)
2598:(PDF)
2587:(PDF)
2484:(PDF)
2473:(PDF)
2311:Notes
1433:from
1343:10–14
777:, is
158:with
82:Style
4715:seat
4085:Reed
3911:Gray
3887:Hunt
3743:Todd
3379:1795
3269:ISBN
3240:ISBN
3219:ISBN
3198:ISBN
3149:ISBN
3126:ISBN
3094:2018
3064:2016
3034:2017
3018:SSRN
2991:2008
2961:2019
2929:ISBN
2904:2011
2878:2010
2852:2010
2826:2015
2757:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2701:2017
2637:2017
2606:2020
2569:2020
2543:2022
2517:2022
2492:2018
2452:2017
2426:2020
2408:ISBN
2322:The
2118:30th
2056:53rd
1928:44th
1868:27th
1614:25th
1552:12th
1126:see
1101:and
1030:and
1016:and
751:and
581:The
153:The
135:Seat
4971:era
3979:Day
3265:590
2925:153
2796:doi
2753:115
2722:267
2674:doi
2670:154
2536:NPR
2251:17
2191:16
2129:15
2069:14
2007:13
1947:12
1879:11
1819:10
1492:4th
1118:FBI
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