379:
the caseload of the courts, prepare the annual budget request for the courts and disburse funds appropriated to the judiciary, and offer administrative assistance to the courts. The act authorized the
Supreme Court to select the director of the Administrative Office, but, at the insistence of Chief Justice Hughes, the office was to operate under the supervision of the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges rather than the Court. The committee proposal found broad support in both the Senate and House of Representatives, which considered several versions before passage in August 1939. The act established circuit judicial councils through which the courts of appeals judges would review the caseload reports of the Administrative Office and instruct district judges on what was necessary to expedite the courts' business. It also mandated annual circuit conferences at which circuit and district judges would meet with members of the bar to discuss judicial administration.
260:
27:
363:, included provision for appointment of a proctor who would gather data on the business of the courts and make recommendations for reassignment of judges and improved case management. Many district court judges resisted this centralization of authority over individual courts that had operated with so much autonomy for a century and a half, but there was widespread support for some reform that would facilitate judicial business and eliminate the Justice Department's role in the daily operations of the federal courts.
323:. The AO includes an Office of the General Counsel, Office of Judicial Conference Executive Secretariat, Office of Public Affairs, Office of Legislative Affairs, Office of Judges Programs, Office of Court Administration, Office of Human Resources, Office of Finance and Budget, Office of Facilities and Security, Office of Defender Services,
347:, established in 1922, was an advisory body.) By the late 1930s, a coalition of judges, lawyers, academics, and Justice Department officials agreed that the efficient administration of justice, as well as the principle of judicial independence, required a separate agency with officers appointed by and responsible to a body of judges.
283:. The AO prepares and submits the budget for the courts to the Judicial Conference for approval by Congress. It analyzes legislation from Congress that will affect the courts' operations or personnel, and it interprets and applies the new laws. It also provides administrative help to members of the courts in the form of
378:
and
Justice Department officials to draft legislation that would improve the efficiency of the courts at the same time that it respected the decentralized character of the federal judicial system. The committee's proposed that the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts would collect information on
350:
By the early-twentieth century, some judges expressed concern that the
Justice Department's administrative oversight of the courts was ineffective and, more importantly, posed the threat of interference with the judicial process. Reform proposals ranged from separate appropriation bills for the
339:, Congress for the first time provided the judiciary with budgetary and personnel management agencies that were independent of the executive branch of government. For 150 years, administrative responsibility for the federal courts shifted from the
351:
courts to the authorization of senior circuit judges as administrators for all the courts within their respective circuits. Some circuits established conferences of judges to discuss problems of case management and
251:, and other staff provide a wide variety of professional services to meet the needs of judges and more than 32,000 Judiciary employees working in more than 800 locations across the United States.
396:
403:
to be the next director of the
Administrative Office of the United States Courts effective March 1, 2024. Deputy director Lee Ann Bennet served as acting director for the month of February.
215:. The AO implements and executes Judicial Conference policies, as well as applicable federal statutes and regulations. The office facilitates communications within the judiciary and with
738:
335:
The
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts was established by an act of Congress on November 6, 1939. With the establishment of the Administrative Office and the circuit
821:
374:
responded to suggestions for less sweeping administrative changes. He appointed members of the
Conference of Senior Circuit Judges to work with representatives of the
505:
1042:
1032:
220:
1027:
996:
814:
300:
478:
63:
324:
807:
272:
212:
319:) serves as Secretary of the Judicial Conference and is appointed, along with the deputy director (currently Lee Ann Bennett), by the
831:
192:
109:
263:
The
Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building houses the offices of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the
367:
208:
224:
279:
The mission of the
Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO) is to provide a variety of support functions to the
356:
784:
344:
268:
846:
699:
657:
584:
320:
196:
340:
793:
473:
336:
259:
799:
645:
296:
280:
555:
200:
1037:
1022:
204:
153:
53:
695:
580:
500:
360:
195:, the body that sets the national and legislative policy of the federal judiciary and is composed of the
146:
673:
632:
959:
375:
1000:
529:
264:
720:
216:
185:
631:
An Act to provide for the administration of the United States courts, and for other purposes,
430:
232:
161:
757:
949:
929:
909:
371:
352:
165:
8:
924:
904:
460:
388:
240:
919:
879:
854:
181:
26:
954:
934:
606:
412:
149:
986:
944:
889:
829:
788:
641:
400:
316:
95:
66:
979:
939:
894:
869:
864:
661:
509:
442:
292:
974:
969:
964:
884:
874:
859:
343:
to the
Interior Department in 1849 and to the Justice Department in 1870. (The
288:
1016:
914:
551:
525:
454:
448:
436:
299:
to develop and operate suitable accommodations for federal courts, either in
899:
842:
392:
248:
284:
779:
649:
327:, Office of Information Technology, and an Office of Internal Services.
304:
236:
177:
244:
157:
758:"Directors of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts"
156:, established in 1939. The central support entity for the federal
173:
739:"In Profile: Administrative Office of the United States Courts"
228:
558:(Report). Administrative Office of the United States Courts
532:(Report). Administrative Office of the United States Courts
120:
721:
653:
382:
169:
674:"James C. Duff to Return as AO Director in January 2015"
502:
Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO)
387:
In preparation for the planned retirement of Director
16:
Administrative agency of the US federal court system
633:
785:Administrative Office of the United States Courts
780:Administrative Office of the United States Courts
135:Administrative Office of the United States Courts
20:Administrative Office of the United States Courts
1014:
160:, the AO provides a wide range of legislative (
479:California Administrative Office of the Courts
359:, best known for its provision to enlarge the
815:
550:
524:
287:, probation and pretrial services officers,
64:Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building
325:U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System
822:
808:
520:
518:
273:Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation
213:United States Court of International Trade
832:Judicial Conference of the United States
794:Judicial Conference of the United States
575:
573:
258:
193:Judicial Conference of the United States
188:support services to the federal courts.
110:Judicial Conference of the United States
1043:1939 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1033:Government agencies established in 1939
666:
515:
1028:Federal judiciary of the United States
1015:
383:Directors of the Administrative Office
803:
688:
570:
530:Annual Report 2020 Director's Message
496:
494:
271:, and the Office of the Clerk of the
357:Judicial Reorganization Bill of 1937
583:(Press release). Washington, D.C.:
556:Funding/Budget – Annual Report 2020
391:on January 31, 2024, Chief Justice
345:Conference of Senior Circuit Judges
269:United States Sentencing Commission
13:
730:
700:Supreme Court of the United States
638:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
585:Supreme Court of the United States
491:
321:chief justice of the United States
315:The director of the AO (currently
295:. It also works together with the
223:, and the public on behalf of the
154:United States federal court system
14:
1054:
773:
406:
395:, on January 23, 2024, appointed
366:After the defeat of Roosevelt's "
355:. The Roosevelt administration's
191:It is directly supervised by the
474:Judicial council (United States)
25:
676:. uscourts.gov. 4 November 2014
611:United States Government Manual
297:General Services Administration
281:United States federal judiciary
714:
625:
599:
544:
1:
484:
211:, and the chief judge of the
421:Ernest C. Friesen, 1968–1970
310:
7:
508:September 28, 2007, at the
467:
427:William E. Foley, 1977–1985
424:Rowland F. Kirks, 1970–1977
418:Warren Olney III, 1958–1967
10:
1061:
330:
254:
838:
723:, Federal Judicial Center
303:or in standalone federal
207:judge from each regional
115:
105:
88:
80:
72:
59:
49:
41:
36:
24:
512:at FindFederalAgency.com
376:American Bar Association
227:. Administrative Office
1001:Federal Judicial Center
830:Current members of the
796:in the Federal Register
265:Federal Judicial Center
84:$ 7.8 billion (FY 2021)
54:United States Judiciary
397:Western District of NC
370:" plan, Chief Justice
276:
199:, chief judge of each
186:information technology
162:legislative assistance
991:Administrative Office
431:Leonidas Ralph Mecham
262:
233:public administrators
139:Administrative Office
1038:Court administration
1023:1939 in American law
743:United States Courts
372:Charles Evans Hughes
353:court administration
145:) for short, is the
461:Roslynn R. Mauskopf
389:Roslynn R. Mauskopf
341:Treasury Department
21:
587:. January 24, 2024
581:"January 23, 2024"
277:
182:program evaluation
19:
1010:
1009:
702:. 4 November 2014
607:"Judicial Branch"
413:Henry P. Chandler
337:judicial councils
301:federal buildings
241:systems engineers
131:
130:
89:Agency executives
1050:
824:
817:
810:
801:
800:
789:Federal Register
768:
766:
764:
753:
751:
749:
724:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
692:
686:
685:
683:
681:
670:
664:
655:
639:
635:
629:
623:
622:
620:
618:
603:
597:
596:
594:
592:
577:
568:
567:
565:
563:
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
522:
513:
498:
401:Robert J. Conrad
317:Robert J. Conrad
293:public defenders
221:executive branch
209:judicial circuit
201:court of appeals
127:
124:
122:
96:Robert J. Conrad
67:Washington, D.C.
29:
22:
18:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1006:
834:
828:
776:
771:
762:
760:
756:
747:
745:
737:
733:
731:Further reading
728:
727:
719:
715:
705:
703:
696:"Press Release"
694:
693:
689:
679:
677:
672:
671:
667:
637:
630:
626:
616:
614:
605:
604:
600:
590:
588:
579:
578:
571:
561:
559:
549:
545:
535:
533:
523:
516:
510:Wayback Machine
499:
492:
487:
470:
443:Thomas F. Hogan
409:
385:
333:
313:
289:court reporters
257:
158:judicial branch
119:
101:
37:Agency overview
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1058:
1057:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
994:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
851:
850:
839:
836:
835:
827:
826:
819:
812:
804:
798:
797:
791:
782:
775:
774:External links
772:
770:
769:
754:
734:
732:
729:
726:
725:
713:
687:
665:
658:28 U.S.C.
656:, codified at
654:August 7, 1939
624:
598:
569:
543:
514:
489:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
476:
469:
466:
465:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
434:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
408:
407:Past directors
405:
384:
381:
332:
329:
312:
309:
256:
253:
205:district court
166:administrative
147:administrative
129:
128:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
100:
99:
92:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
76:~30,000 (2020)
74:
70:
69:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
45:August 7, 1939
43:
39:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
988:
985:
984:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
848:
847:Chief Justice
844:
841:
840:
837:
833:
825:
820:
818:
813:
811:
806:
805:
802:
795:
792:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
759:
755:
744:
740:
736:
735:
722:
717:
701:
697:
691:
675:
669:
663:
659:
651:
647:
643:
636:
628:
612:
608:
602:
586:
582:
576:
574:
557:
553:
552:James C. Duff
547:
531:
527:
526:James C. Duff
521:
519:
511:
507:
504:
503:
497:
495:
490:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
462:
459:
456:
455:James C. Duff
453:
450:
449:John D. Bates
447:
444:
441:
438:
437:James C. Duff
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
410:
404:
402:
399:senior judge
398:
394:
390:
380:
377:
373:
369:
368:court-packing
364:
362:
361:Supreme Court
358:
354:
348:
346:
342:
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
270:
266:
261:
252:
250:
249:statisticians
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:chief justice
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
126:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:Parent agency
104:
97:
94:
93:
91:
87:
83:
81:Annual budget
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
28:
23:
990:
761:. Retrieved
746:. Retrieved
742:
716:
704:. Retrieved
690:
678:. Retrieved
668:
627:
615:. Retrieved
610:
601:
589:. Retrieved
560:. Retrieved
546:
534:. Retrieved
501:
393:John Roberts
386:
365:
349:
334:
314:
278:
243:, analysts,
190:
142:
138:
134:
132:
60:Headquarters
50:Jurisdiction
763:February 1,
706:18 November
680:18 November
617:February 1,
591:February 6,
463:, 2021–2024
457:, 2015–2021
451:, 2013–2015
445:, 2011–2013
439:, 2006–2011
433:, 1985–2006
415:, 1939–1956
305:courthouses
237:accountants
180:, program (
1017:Categories
965:Srinivasan
930:Livingston
662:§ 444
652:, enacted
644:, 53
485:References
245:architects
178:management
98:, Director
950:Pryor Jr.
925:Kobayashi
311:Structure
225:judiciary
174:financial
137:, or the
123:.uscourts
73:Employees
910:Goldberg
900:DeGuilio
895:Colloton
890:Chagares
875:Boasberg
855:Anderson
562:July 15,
554:(2020).
536:July 15,
528:(2020).
506:Archived
468:See also
217:Congress
980:Tunheim
955:Richman
945:Proctor
940:Murguia
920:Johnson
865:Barnett
843:Roberts
787:in the
634:Pub. L.
331:History
255:Mission
229:lawyers
184:), and
152:of the
116:Website
987:Conrad
970:Sutton
915:Holmes
880:Brodie
870:Barron
860:Bailey
748:May 8,
660:
648:
642:76–299
640:
613:. 1945
291:, and
285:clerks
267:, the
219:, the
150:agency
42:Formed
997:Cooke
975:Sykes
960:Smith
935:Moore
885:Brown
646:Stat.
170:legal
905:Diaz
765:2012
750:2013
708:2014
682:2014
650:1223
619:2013
593:2024
564:2021
538:2021
203:, a
133:The
125:.gov
31:Seal
164:),
121:www
1019::
741:.
698:.
609:.
572:^
517:^
493:^
307:.
247:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
176:,
172:,
168:,
143:AO
1003:)
999:(
993:)
989:(
849:)
845:(
823:e
816:t
809:v
767:.
752:.
710:.
684:.
621:.
595:.
566:.
540:.
275:.
141:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
