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commonly available pieces of chicken. A leg quarter contains the thigh, drumstick and a portion of the back; a leg has the back portion removed. A breast quarter contains the breast, wing and portion of the back; a breast has the back portion and wing removed. Pieces may be sold in packages of all of the same pieces, or in combination packages. Whole chicken cut up refers to either the entire bird cut into 8 individual pieces. (8-piece cut); or sometimes without the back. A 9-piece cut (usually for fast food restaurants) has the tip of the breast cut off before splitting. Pick of the chicken, or similar titles, refers to a package with only some of the chicken pieces, typically the breasts, thighs, and legs without wings or back. Thighs and breasts are sold boneless or skinless. Chicken livers and gizzards are commonly available packaged separately. Other parts of the chicken, such as the neck, feet, combs, etc. are not widely available except in countries where they are in demand, or in cities that cater to ethnic groups who favor these parts.
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1369:, the chickens are usually placed inside shipping crates that usually have slatted floors. Those crates are then piled 5 to 10 rows high on the transport truck to the abattoir. During shipment, the chickens tend to defecate, and that chicken manure tends to sit inside the crowded cages, contaminating the feathers and skin of the chickens, or rains down upon the chickens and crates on the lower levels of the transport truck. By the time the truck gets to the abattoir, most chickens have had their skin and feathers contaminated with feces.
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processing equipment tend to spray the contamination around to the birds going down the processing line, and the equipment on the line itself. At one or more points on most abattoirs, chemical sprays and baths (e.g., bleach, acids, peroxides, etc.) are used to partially rinse off or kill this bacterial contamination. The fecal contamination, once it has occurred, especially in the various membranes between the skin and muscle, is impossible to completely remove.
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accidentally been torn or has opened while food is in the freezer, the food is still safe to use, but it is still recommended to overwrap or rewrap it. Chicken should be away from other foods, so if they begin to thaw, their juices will not drip onto other foods. If previously frozen chicken is purchased at a retail store, it can be refrozen if it has been handled properly.
1482:. As the size increases, the volume (which determines how much heat must enter the bird for it to be cooked) increases faster than the surface area (which determines how fast heat can enter the bird). For a fast method of cooking, such as frying, a small bird is appropriate: frying a large piece of chicken results in the inside being undercooked when the outside is ready.
1887:
chicken, 9 months for uncooked chicken parts, 3 to 4 months for uncooked chicken giblets, and 4 months for cooked chicken. Freezing does not usually cause color changes in poultry, but the bones and the meat near them can become dark. This bone darkening results when pigment seeps through the porous bones of young poultry into the surrounding tissues when the poultry
1284:, more than 25% of retail chicken is resistant to 5 or more different classes of antibiotic treatment drugs in the United States. An estimated 90–100% of conventional chicken contains, at least, one form of antibiotic resistance microorganism, while organic chicken has been found to have a lower incidence at 84%.
2266:
Chicken and chicken eggs were, then as now, vital staples. In part this was due to a perception that both of these foodstuffs were endowed with qualities that made them both nutritious and readily digestible. In part, too, their popularity derived from their ubiquitous availability, and hence their
1894:
It is safe to freeze chicken directly in its original packaging, but this type of wrap is permeable to air and quality may diminish over time. Therefore, for prolonged storage, it is recommended to overwrap these packages. It is recommended to freeze unopened vacuum packages as is. If a package has
1701:
Some chicken breast cuts and processed chicken breast products include the moniker "with rib meat". This is a misnomer, as it refers to the small piece of white meat that overlays the scapula, removed along with the breast meat. The breast is cut from the chicken and sold as a solid cut, while the
1477:
In the United States, whole mature chickens are marketed as fryers, broilers, and roasters. Fryers are the smallest size (2.5-4 lbs dressed for sale), and the most common, as chicken reach this size quickly (about 7 weeks). Broilers are larger than fryers. Roasters, or roasting hens, are the
1720:
In Asian countries it is possible to buy bones alone as they are very popular for making chicken soups, which are said to be healthy. In
Australia the rib cages and backs of chickens after the other cuts have been removed are frequently sold cheaply in supermarket delicatessen sections as either
1645:
Chicken can be cooked in many ways. It can be made into sausages, skewered, put in salads, traditionally grilled or by using electric grill, breaded and deep-fried, or used in various curries. There is significant variation in cooking methods amongst cultures. Historically common methods include
1485:
Chicken is also sold broken down into pieces. Such pieces usually come from smaller birds that would qualify as fryers if sold whole. Pieces may include quarters, or fourths of the chicken. A chicken is typically cut into two leg quarters and two breast quarters. Each quarter contains two of the
1886:
Raw chicken maintains its quality longer than fresh in the freezer, as moisture is lost during cooking. There is little change in nutrient value of chicken during freezer storage. For optimal quality, however, a maximum storage time in the freezer of 12 months is recommended for uncooked whole
1115:
Blood: Immediately after slaughter, blood may be drained into a receptacle, which is then used in various products. In many Asian countries, the blood is poured into low, cylindrical forms, and left to congeal into disc-like cakes for sale. These are commonly cut into cubes, and used in soup
1372:
There is also fecal matter in the intestines. While the slaughter process removes the feathers and intestines, only visible fecal matter is removed. The high speed automated processes at the abattoir are not designed to remove this fecal contamination on the feather and skin. The high speed
2345:
I like the economy of its ingredient list, even in medieval versions: almond milk, chicken, sugar, rosewater. In the mid-17th century, the chicken — exhausted by the centuries of labor — dropped out, replaced by the thickener isinglass, then sea moss or cornstarch or gelatin. But it stayed
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excluded). The fat is highly concentrated on the skin. 100 grams (3.5 oz) of raw chicken breast contains 2 grams (0.071 oz) of fat and 22 grams (0.78 oz) of protein, compared to 9 grams (0.32 oz) of fat and 20 grams (0.71 oz) of protein for the same portion of raw
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largest chickens commonly sold (3–5 months and 6-8 lbs) and are typically more expensive. Even larger and older chickens are called stewing chickens but these are no longer usually found commercially. The names reflect the most appropriate cooking method for the
2029:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1710:. Often, the tenderloin (pectoralis minor) is marketed separately from the breast (pectoralis major). In the US, "tenders" can be either tenderloins or strips cut from the breast. In the UK the strips of pectoralis minor are called "chicken mini-fillets".
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Bacteria survives but does not grow in freezing temperatures. However, if frozen cooked foods are not defrosted properly and are not reheated to temperatures that kill bacteria, chances of getting a foodborne illness greatly increase.
1697:
Chickens often come with labels such as "roaster", which suggest a method of cooking based on the type of chicken. While these labels are only suggestions, ones labeled for stew often do not do well when cooked with other methods.
2963:
Cohen Stuart, James; van den
Munckhof, Thijs; Voets, Guido; Scharringa, Jelle; Fluit, Ad; Hall, Maurine Leverstein-Van (15 March 2012). "Comparison of ESBL contamination in organic and conventional retail chicken meat".
2028:
758:
357 million tonnes of meat were produced in 2021, 53% more than in 2000, with chicken meat representing more than half the increase. Chicken meat was the most produced type of meat in 2021 just ahead of pig meat.
1232:. The FDA has since revised its stance on safe limits to inorganic arsenic in animal feed by stating that "any new animal drug that contributes to the overall inorganic arsenic burden is of potential concern".
828:
such as the
Cornish Cross, are bred specifically for meat production, with an emphasis placed on the ratio of feed to meat produced by the animal. The most common breeds of chicken consumed in the U.S. are
734:
In the United States in the 1800s, chicken was more expensive than other meats and it was "sought by the rich because so costly as to be an uncommon dish." Chicken consumption in the U.S. increased during
1362:, the chickens spend their entire life standing in, lying on, and living in their own manure, which is somewhat mixed in with the bedding material (e.g., sawdust, wood shavings, chopped straw, etc.).
1220:
compounded in the flesh of chickens, and in their feces, which are often used as a fertilizer. The compound is used to control stomach pathogens and promote growth. In a 2013 sample conducted by the
1044:: These contain relatively little meat, and are eaten mainly for the skin and cartilage. Although considered exotic in Western cuisine, the feet are common fare in other cuisines, especially in the
1801:
3257:
840:. In the U.S., broilers are typically butchered at a young age. Modern Cornish Cross hybrids, for example, are butchered as early as 8 weeks for fryers and 12 weeks for roasting birds.
3009:"Characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolated from food animals, retail meat, and humans in the United States 2009"
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1713:
Chicken bones are hazardous to health as they tend to break into sharp splinters when eaten, but they can be simmered with vegetables and herbs for hours or even days to make
2007:
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1235:
The FDA approval for roxarsone and two other arsenic poultry drugs were voluntarily withdrawn by the manufacturers in
September 2013. The final remaining arsenic drug
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Chicken meat constituted an important part of everyday diet, and it was afforded by virtually every social stratum both in
England and the Continent.
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1620:. The safe minimum cooking temperature recommended by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services is 165 °F (74 °C) to prevent
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1351:
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986:", located on each side between the breast meat and the ribs. These are removed from boneless breasts and sold separately as tenderloins.
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2085:
3007:
Folster, J. P.; Pecic, G.; Singh, A.; Duval, B.; Rickert, R.; Ayers, S.; Abbott, J.; McGlinchey, B.; Bauer-Turpin, J. (1 July 2012).
2386:
2036:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
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1999:
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Kidneys: Normally left in when a broiler carcass is processed, they are found in deep pockets on each side of the vertebral column.
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and are relatively dry. The breast has two segments which are sold together on bone-in breasts, but separated on boneless breasts:
2306:
In ancient times, the chicken spread widely across the
Eastern Hemisphere, arriving in Africa from various points east and north.
809:
1706:
for use in chicken franks, for example. Breast meat is often sliced thinly and marketed as chicken slices, an easy filling for
3340:
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1083:. It is a blend of black pepper, garlic powder, pineapple juice, soy sauce, chicken neck, cheese, butter, and minced garlic.
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Nachman, Keeve E.; Baron, Patrick A.; Raber, Georg; Francesconi, Kevin A.; Navas-Acien, Ana; Love, David C. (1 July 2013).
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cocks) produce more and fattier meat. For this reason, they are considered a delicacy and were particularly popular in the
1766:
3164:
2415:
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1247:
Information obtained by the
Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance (CIPARS) "strongly indicates that
2439:
World Food and
Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2836:"Provide data on various arsenic species present in broilers treated with roxarsone: Comparison with untreated birds"
2081:
1601:
1434:
1337:
913:
3069:
2760:""Arsenic In Chicken Production", Chemical & Engineering News, April 9, 2007, Volume 85, Number 15, pages 34-35"
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891:
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Head: Considered a delicacy in China, the head is split down the middle, and the brain and other tissue is eaten.
2151:
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industry that accounts for chicken production takes on a range of forms across different parts of the world. In
4538:
2895:"Playing chicken with antibiotics Antibiotics injected into chicken eggs is making Canadians resistant to meds"
1583:
1412:
1319:
895:
654:
estimates there to be 19 billion chickens on Earth in 2011, making them outnumber humans more than two to one.
3140:
2319:
1263:
in Quebec and
Ontario to discourage infection of hatchlings. Although the data are contested by the industry,
1062:: organs such as the heart, gizzards, and liver may be included inside a butchered chicken or sold separately.
2730:
2701:
1251:
resistance in humans is moving in lockstep with the use of the drug in poultry production". According to the
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1995:
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in the world. Owing to the relative ease and low cost of raising chickens—in comparison to mammals such as
2359:
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4405:
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1703:
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because of bacteria and parasites. However, in Japan raw chicken is sometimes consumed in a dish called
5281:
2894:
2779:"Roxarsone, inorganic arsenic, and other arsenic species in chicken: a U.S.-based market basket sample"
2650:
2291:
5617:
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1840:
697:. For thousands of years, a number of different kinds of chicken have been eaten across most of the
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In the United Kingdom, juvenile chickens of less than 28 days of age at slaughter are marketed as
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showed that nearly half (47%) of the meat and poultry in US grocery stores was contaminated with
884:
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methods while less-developed areas raise chickens using more traditional farming techniques. The
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1280:, with more than half (52%) of those bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Furthermore, as per the
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1965:
1213:
780:
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2676:"Feinberg School > Nutrition > Nutrition Fact Sheet: Lipids, Northwestern University"
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1686:. They are also often grilled for salads or tacos. Eastern cuisine has chicken prepared by
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8:
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1228:, 70% of the samples in the US had levels which exceeded the safety limits as set by the
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683:
559:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
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Identification of the Yellow Skin Gene Reveals a Hybrid Origin of the Domestic Chicken.
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carvings from around 600 BC. Chicken was one of the most common meats available in the
465:
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1721:"chicken frames" or "chicken carcasses" and are purchased for soup or stock purposes.
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619:. Since the latter half of the 20th century, prepared chicken has become a staple of
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2284:
World of a Slave: Encyclopedia of the Material Life of Slaves in the United States
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639:
2149:
Eriksson J, Larson G, Gunnarsson U, Bed'hom B, Tixier-Boichard M, et al. (2008)
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restaurant chains that sell exclusively or primarily poultry products including
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3955:
3712:
3707:
3587:
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3407:
2917:"US Meat and Poultry Is Widely Contaminated With Drug-Resistant Staph Bacteria"
2031:
1950:
1846:
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Liver: This is the largest organ of the chicken, and is used in such dishes as
1090:
969:
675:
651:
5928:
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1955:
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and called "a true British national dish." The dish is now popular staple in
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1671:
1489:
1248:
1149:
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786:
632:
346:
336:
276:
152:
61:
1350:
In random surveys of chicken products across the United States in 2012, the
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5231:
5029:
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1975:
1945:
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During shipping from the concentrated animal feeding operation farm to the
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589:
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1994:
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in humans appears to be directly related to the antibiotic's use in eggs.
5902:
5813:
5763:
5748:
5733:
5452:
5442:
5412:
5342:
5337:
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5261:
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from USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. Last Modified: 3 June 2010.
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1616:
1586: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1322: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1158:: This is produced by rendering the fat, and is used in various dishes.
1122:
898: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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608:
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206:
2731:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
2702:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
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which is lightly seared on the outsides while the inside remains raw.
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Chicken sizzler is served on high temperature in heavy wood utensils.
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Carcass: After the removal of the flesh, this is used for soup stock.
1100:
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426:
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216:
30:
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1702:
leftover breast and true rib meat is stripped from the bone through
1561:
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1297:
1089:: Located on the back, near the thigh, these small, round pieces of
1071:
Neck: This is served in various Asian dishes. It is stuffed to make
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2282:(2011). "Chickens". In Katz-Hyman, Martha B.; Rice, Kym S. (eds.).
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Home / Fact Sheets / Safe Food Handling / Freezing and Food Safety
2192:"Chicken Husbandry in Late-Medieval Eastern England: c. 1250-1400"
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Chicken is sold both as whole birds and broken down into pieces.
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first raised thousands of years ago in the northern parts of the
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The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (April 2012).
2865:"FDA Response to Citizen Petition on Arsenic-based Animal Drugs"
1447:
1099:(chicken's buttocks) and testicles: These are commonly eaten in
5432:
5332:
5286:
5187:
5166:
5108:
5098:
5068:
4954:
4839:
4686:
4641:
4455:
4240:
4082:
3920:
3667:
3437:
3329:
1659:
1651:
1537:
1178:
1133:
1072:
956:
then coated or dipped in a sauce. They are now a staple in the
706:
612:
600:
577:
376:
296:
246:
72:
3316:
World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023
2735:"FoodData Central | Beef, flank, steak, boneless, choice, raw"
2523:"Buffalo Wings History - The origins of Buffalo Chicken Wings"
747:. In Europe, consumption of chicken overtook that of beef and
5847:
5447:
5392:
5357:
5352:
5256:
5236:
5024:
4974:
4716:
4593:
4445:
4157:
4152:
3965:
2706:"FoodData Central | Chicken, breast, boneless, skinless, raw"
1850:
1224:
of chicken meat from poultry producers that did not prohibit
1208:, chickens are routinely administered with the feed additive
1188:
931:
843:
728:
720:
702:
5897:
2776:
1910:
5073:
4979:
4824:
4726:
4721:
4646:
4547:
3144:
2880:"FDA Announces Pending Withdrawal of Approval of Nitarsone"
2508:
1888:
817:
748:
744:
740:
724:
716:
599:
Chicken can be prepared in a vast range of ways, including
585:
2000:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
1536:). Most of the products on the menus in such eateries are
623:. Chicken is sometimes cited as being more healthful than
5347:
4731:
4578:
2131:
2022:
1864:
A meal consisting of chicken served with carrots and rice
1513:
1199:
581:
138:
1463:
Chickens are the most commonly consumed animal worldwide
666:
Production of chicken meat worldwide, by country in 2021
4516:
2863:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (20 September 2011).
1187:
Chicken generally includes low fat in the meat itself (
1169:
Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much
3006:
2520:
1637:
1625:
998:"; this is dark meat and is the lower part of the leg,
2572:"Pinas Sarap recipe: How to make Chicken Neck Tiniim"
1662:. Western cuisine frequently has chicken prepared by
1021:", shaped like a small drumstick; this is white meat,
1005:"; also dark meat, this is the upper part of the leg.
1906:
1474:. Mature chicken is sold as small, medium or large.
2942:
National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System
709:, and hens. It was one of the basic ingredients in
3213:
2878:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (1 April 2015).
2278:
2033:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
1125:: The most well-known and well-consumed byproduct.
3341:Foodnetwork.com page on use of chicken in cooking
2360:"How Chicken Conquered the American Dinner Plate"
2078:"FAOSTAT: Production_LivestockPrimary_E_All_Data"
1141:, chicken hearts are an often seen as a delicacy.
1014:are a typical example. Comprises three segments:
836:Chickens raised specifically for food are called
475:
416:
5926:
3094:. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
3066:"Fecal Contamination in Retail Chicken Products"
1010:Wing: Often served as a light meal or bar food.
88:Chicken, broiler, meat and skin, cooked, stewed
3181:
93:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
4532:
3366:
1988:
1352:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
1287:
1079:. 'Chicken Neck Tiniim' is an iconic dish of
588:(commonly called just "chicken") and chicken
3305: This article incorporates text from a
2408:"BBC survey another blow against UK chicken"
1748:Roasted chicken with vegetable chowder sauce
3346:US government fact sheet on chicken as food
2944:. Food and Drug Safety Administration. 2012
1760:Chicken with mushrooms, tomatoes and spices
1415:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4539:
4525:
3373:
3359:
3189:"Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech"
2966:International Journal of Food Microbiology
2166:"Chicken facts and origins at Poultrymad©"
1996:United States Food and Drug Administration
1216:which partially decomposes into inorganic
35:Whole chickens for sale in a public market
29:
3040:
2871:
2856:
2810:
2514:
1602:Learn how and when to remove this message
1493:A box of five chicken wings, served at a
1435:Learn how and when to remove this message
1338:Learn how and when to remove this message
1272:Translational Genomics Research Institute
914:Learn how and when to remove this message
751:in 1996, linked to consumer awareness of
3309:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 (
3138:
1632:, which is sliced raw chicken served in
1488:
1458:
1446:
1242:
940:
925:
803:
719:usually consisting of chicken and fried
661:
3270:Julie, Garden-Robinson (January 2012).
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3214:Colleen Taylor Sen (15 November 2009).
3207:
2833:
2143:
2124:
952:, are chicken wings that are generally
810:United States Department of Agriculture
689:Chicken as a meat has been depicted in
5927:
2570:Cruz, Jashley Ann (21 November 2022).
2235:
2189:
1376:
1200:Use of roxarsone in chicken production
1093:are often considered to be a delicacy.
4520:
3354:
3269:
2892:
2317:
2239:The Art of Cookery in the Middle Ages
1222:Johns Hopkins School of Public Health
3234:
3165:How to Buy: 5 Things to Keep in Mind
2651:"Brazilian barbecued chicken hearts"
2569:
1584:adding citations to reliable sources
1555:
1413:adding citations to reliable sources
1380:
1320:adding citations to reliable sources
1291:
1253:Canadian Medical Association Journal
1028:" segment, containing two bones, and
896:adding citations to reliable sources
867:
857:
646:, chickens are typically subject to
3139:Prosperi, Chris (26 January 2024).
3092:"Safe Minimum Cooking Temperatures"
2430:
13:
3380:
2108:"Eat More Chicken, Fish and Beans"
2070:
2010:from the original on 27 March 2024
1772:Oven roasted chicken with potatoes
592:have become prevalent in numerous
14:
5956:
3322:
2978:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.034
2783:Environmental Health Perspectives
2620:
2597:"How to Carve Chicken and Turkey"
2125:Zakaria, Fareed (3 August 2011).
2082:Food and Agriculture Organization
5908:
5907:
5896:
4623:
4617:
3328:
3300:
2843:The Food and Drug Administration
2834:Kawalek, JC (10 February 2011).
2357:
1909:
1869:
1857:
1839:
1824:
1819:. The dish is popular worldwide.
1800:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1726:
1560:
1385:
1354:found 48% of samples to contain
1296:
872:
779:
764:
753:bovine spongiform encephalopathy
71:
60:
3263:
3158:
3132:
3106:
3084:
3057:
3013:Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
3000:
2956:
2927:
2909:
2886:
2827:
2770:
2752:
2723:
2694:
2668:
2643:
2614:
2589:
2563:
2545:"What is a Chicken Tenderloin?"
2537:
2491:
2400:
2377:
2351:
2311:
2272:
2058:from the original on 9 May 2024
1571:needs additional citations for
1307:needs additional citations for
1239:was banned at the end of 2015.
883:needs additional citations for
627:, with lower concentrations of
2229:
2183:
2158:
2118:
2100:
1636:style. Another preparation is
864:Poultry § Cuts of poultry
1:
5566:Countries by meat consumption
3116:. Seafco. Inc. Archived from
2893:Gulli, Cathy (17 June 2009).
2320:"Trembling Before Blancmange"
2127:"How many chickens on Earth?"
1982:
991:Leg: Comprises two segments:
979:", when sold as boneless, and
727:and seasoned with spices and
44:Starter, main meal, side dish
5853:Non-vegetarian food in India
5571:Countries by meat production
3311:license statement/permission
2521:Peggy Trowbridge Filippone.
2318:Adler, Tamar (26 May 2016).
1480:surface area to volume ratio
1255:, the unapproved antibiotic
958:cuisine of the United States
555:Percentages estimated using
7:
5576:Food and drink prohibitions
4406:Chicken and duck blood soup
2155:PLoS Genet 23 January 2008.
1902:
1881:
1638:
1626:
1259:is routinely injected into
793:
572:is the most common type of
103:916 kJ (219 kcal)
10:
5961:
4615:
3295:
3195:. London. 25 February 2002
1551:
1508:Worldwide, there are many
1288:Fecal matter contamination
930:Oven-roasted chicken with
861:
797:
657:
5891:
5789:
5724:
5681:
5633:
5618:Psychology of eating meat
5593:
5558:
5478:
5471:
5222:
5162:Black soldier fly maggots
5147:
5043:
4865:
4745:
4632:
4554:
4505:
4464:
4381:
4335:
4284:
4196:
4039:
3806:
3388:
1164:
1031:the tip, often discarded.
554:
546:
542:
534:
522:
518:
510:
497:
484:
463:
459:
455:
438:
425:
404:
400:
396:
389:
385:
375:
365:
355:
345:
335:
325:
315:
305:
295:
285:
275:
265:
255:
245:
235:
225:
215:
205:
189:
185:
181:
171:
161:
151:
135:
131:
127:
111:
107:
97:
92:
56:
48:
40:
28:
5691:Beef hormone controversy
4546:
4292:Chicken and mushroom pie
3114:"Torisashi and Toriwasa"
2236:Scully, Terence (1995).
1831:Peking chicken from the
1614:Raw chicken may contain
1497:fast food restaurant in
1360:commercial chicken farms
3643:Fujian red wine chicken
3217:Curry: A Global History
2412:FoodProductionDaily.com
2267:relative affordability.
2190:Slavin, Philip (2009).
816:in a manner similar to
678:hybrids along with the
557:US recommendations
549:Not including 35% bones
5716:Water holding capacity
4508:List of chicken dishes
4343:Chicken macaroni salad
4246:Hainanese chicken rice
4226:Chicken wing rice roll
3279:NDSU Extension Service
2084:. 2014. Archived from
1966:List of chicken dishes
1891:is frozen and thawed.
1787:, adapted from Indian
1505:
1464:
1456:
1214:organoarsenic compound
961:
938:
821:
667:
561:the National Academies
5701:Feed conversion ratio
5603:Ethics of eating meat
4285:Pies and bread dishes
4113:Jerusalem mixed grill
3951:Nashville hot chicken
3881:General Tso's chicken
3483:Chicken and dumplings
3025:10.1089/fpd.2012.1130
2389:18 March 2007 at the
2139:on 19 September 2012.
1704:mechanical separation
1690:, especially chicken
1492:
1462:
1455:, or juvenile chicken
1450:
1265:antibiotic resistance
1243:Antibiotic resistance
944:
929:
807:
739:due to a shortage of
665:
391:Vitamins and minerals
5754:Environmental impact
4312:Moravian chicken pie
4231:Claypot chicken rice
3648:Galinha à portuguesa
3628:Dragon tiger phoenix
3568:Chicken tikka masala
3433:Bean sprouts chicken
3337:at Wikimedia Commons
3272:"Food Safety Basics"
3170:2 March 2007 at the
2935:"Retail Meat Report"
2897:. Maclean's Magazine
2418:on 28 September 2007
2170:www.poultrymad.co.uk
1785:Chicken tikka masala
1580:improve this article
1544:and are served with
1409:improve this section
1316:improve this article
892:improve this article
824:Modern varieties of
771:Chicken wings being
4465:Cuts and techniques
3821:Ayam goreng kalasan
3488:Chicken and waffles
3313:). Text taken from
3120:on 28 February 2014
3072:on 22 December 2015
2795:10.1289/ehp.1206245
2576:GMA Integrated News
2503:19 May 2004 at the
2395:The History Channel
1524:), Hector Chicken (
1377:Marketing and sales
1171:polyunsaturated fat
812:classifies cuts of
755:(mad cow disease).
684:Indian subcontinent
674:is a descendant of
644:developed countries
440:Pantothenic acid (B
89:
49:Serving temperature
25:
5878:Warmed-over flavor
5646:Semi-vegetarianism
4431:Linagpang na Manok
4411:Cock-a-leekie soup
4358:Coronation chicken
4276:Thalassery biryani
4256:Lontong cap go meh
4098:Galinha à africana
4093:Engagement chicken
3931:Lemon pepper wings
3688:King Ranch chicken
3683:Kinamatisang manok
3633:Escabeche oriental
3593:Circassian chicken
3453:Brown stew chicken
3220:. Reaktion Books.
2551:. 25 February 2019
2325:The New York Times
2280:Twitty, Michael W.
2208:10.5252/az2009n2a2
2088:on 1 November 2019
1813:Maharashtra, India
1793:Indian restaurants
1506:
1465:
1457:
1189:castrated roosters
1103:and some parts of
968:Breast: These are
962:
939:
822:
699:Eastern hemisphere
668:
524:Other constituents
87:
77:Media: Chicken
21:
5922:
5921:
5589:
5588:
4514:
4513:
4251:Hawaiian haystack
4088:Chicken galantina
3876:Chicken Française
3831:Barberton chicken
3793:White cut chicken
3773:Soy sauce chicken
3748:Poulet au fromage
3733:Pininyahang manok
3543:Chicken paprikash
3503:Chicken Chettinad
3478:Chicken à la King
3333:Media related to
3227:978-1-86189-704-6
2498:Focus On: Chicken
2457:978-92-5-138262-2
2257:978-0-85-115430-5
2248:The Boydell Press
2196:Anthropozoologica
2043:978-0-309-48834-1
1680:chicken lollipops
1622:foodborne illness
1612:
1611:
1604:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1177:when measured as
1173:as most types of
950:Buffalo, New York
924:
923:
916:
858:Edible components
648:intensive farming
567:
566:
514:
513:
85:
84:
66:Cookbook: Chicken
5952:
5911:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5873:Roadkill cuisine
5668:Meat alternative
5663:Plant-based diet
5581:Meat substitutes
5476:
5475:
4627:
4621:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4518:
4517:
4302:Chicken parmesan
4143:Pollo a la brasa
4078:Beer can chicken
4073:Beggar's chicken
4058:Ayam bumbu rujak
3981:Pozharsky cutlet
3941:Chicken Maryland
3738:Piyanggang manok
3613:Dak-bokkeum-tang
3418:Ayam masak merah
3375:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3332:
3304:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3232:
3231:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3185:
3179:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3068:. Archived from
3061:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2939:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2921:sciencedaily.com
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2814:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2739:fdc.nal.usda.gov
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2710:fdc.nal.usda.gov
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2678:. Archived from
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2518:
2512:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2448:10.4060/cc8166en
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2414:. Archived from
2404:
2398:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2162:
2156:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2135:. Archived from
2122:
2116:
2115:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1992:
1961:Cornish game hen
1941:Chickens as pets
1926:Barbecue chicken
1919:
1914:
1913:
1873:
1861:
1843:
1828:
1815:with rice flour
1804:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1730:
1692:Philippine adobo
1641:
1631:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1564:
1556:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1389:
1381:
1358:matter. On most
1343:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1300:
1292:
919:
912:
908:
905:
899:
876:
868:
833:and White Rock.
783:
768:
479:
443:
427:Vitamin A equiv.
420:
387:
386:
90:
86:
75:
64:
33:
26:
24:
20:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5935:Chicken as food
5925:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5903:Food portal
5895:
5887:
5809:Case-ready meat
5791:
5785:
5759:Factory farming
5720:
5677:
5629:
5595:
5585:
5554:
5467:
5224:
5218:
5143:
5048:
5039:
4861:
4741:
4712:Lamb and mutton
4628:
4622:
4613:
4550:
4545:
4515:
4510:
4501:
4487:Drunken chicken
4472:Airline chicken
4460:
4426:Ginataang manok
4377:
4363:Jubilee chicken
4331:
4280:
4236:Cơm gà rau thơm
4211:Arroz con pollo
4192:
4035:
4021:Chicken tatsuta
3946:Moo goo gai pan
3802:
3658:Gallo en chicha
3623:Dong'an chicken
3608:Country Captain
3573:Chicken Vesuvio
3563:Chicken riggies
3553:Chicken Picasso
3533:Chicken marsala
3528:Chicken Marengo
3448:Bourbon chicken
3443:Bon bon chicken
3390:
3384:
3379:
3335:Chicken as food
3325:
3319:, FAO, FAO.
3298:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3274:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3235:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3178:. 2 March 2007.
3172:Wayback Machine
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3141:"Chicken adobo"
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3062:
3058:
3005:
3001:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2876:
2872:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2828:
2775:
2771:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2682:on 20 July 2011
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2626:"Chicken Stock"
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2511:. 2 March 2007.
2505:Wayback Machine
2496:
2492:
2480:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2397:. 2 March 2007.
2391:Wayback Machine
2384:Poultry Farming
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2356:
2352:
2338:
2336:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2294:. p. 108.
2277:
2273:
2258:
2234:
2230:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2148:
2144:
2123:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1971:Poultry farming
1915:
1908:
1905:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1865:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1820:
1805:
1796:
1782:
1773:
1770:
1761:
1758:
1749:
1746:
1737:
1731:
1676:chicken nuggets
1608:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1577:
1565:
1554:
1441:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1406:
1390:
1379:
1344:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1313:
1301:
1290:
1270:A study by the
1245:
1206:factory farming
1202:
1167:
1105:South East Asia
920:
909:
903:
900:
889:
877:
866:
860:
802:
800:Poultry farming
796:
789:
784:
775:
769:
680:grey junglefowl
660:
640:poultry farming
550:
547:
505:
492:
480:
450:
441:
433:
421:
392:
201:
196:
173:Polyunsaturated
163:Monounsaturated
147:
142:
123:
118:
81:
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5958:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5940:Meat by animal
5937:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5914:Category: Meat
5905:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5793:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5779:Slaughterhouse
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5656:Pollotarianism
5653:
5651:Pescetarianism
5643:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5484:
5482:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5313:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5153:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4396:Caldo tlalpeño
4393:
4387:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4297:Chicken pastel
4294:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4006:Sweet and sour
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Murgh musallam
3710:
3708:Moambe chicken
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Chilli chicken
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3548:Chicken pastel
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3523:Chicken Lahori
3520:
3518:Chicken karahi
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:Cashew chicken
3465:
3460:
3458:Butter chicken
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3428:Ayam rica-rica
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3408:Andong jjimdak
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3391:and casseroles
3389:Stews, braises
3386:
3385:
3382:Chicken dishes
3378:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3324:
3323:External links
3321:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3262:
3233:
3226:
3206:
3180:
3157:
3131:
3105:
3083:
3056:
3019:(7): 638–645.
2999:
2972:(3): 212–214.
2955:
2926:
2908:
2885:
2870:
2855:
2826:
2789:(7): 818–824.
2769:
2751:
2722:
2693:
2667:
2642:
2613:
2588:
2562:
2536:
2513:
2490:
2481:|website=
2456:
2429:
2399:
2376:
2364:First We Feast
2358:Rude, Emelyn.
2350:
2310:
2301:978-0313349423
2300:
2271:
2256:
2250:. p. 29.
2244:Woodbridge, UK
2228:
2182:
2157:
2142:
2117:
2099:
2069:
2042:
2021:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1951:Chicken tabaka
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1904:
1901:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1847:Butter chicken
1845:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1610:
1609:
1568:
1566:
1559:
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1550:
1443:
1442:
1393:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1346:
1345:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1244:
1241:
1201:
1198:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1142:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1094:
1084:
1077:Ashkenazi Jews
1069:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1008:
1007:
1006:
999:
989:
988:
987:
980:
948:, invented in
922:
921:
880:
878:
871:
859:
856:
798:Main article:
795:
792:
791:
790:
785:
778:
776:
770:
763:
676:red junglefowl
659:
656:
652:United Nations
565:
564:
552:
551:
548:
544:
543:
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
526:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
503:
501:
495:
494:
490:
488:
482:
481:
474:
469:
461:
460:
457:
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453:
452:
448:
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435:
431:
429:
423:
422:
415:
410:
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
363:
362:
359:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
333:
332:
329:
323:
322:
319:
313:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
293:
292:
289:
283:
282:
279:
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263:
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259:
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249:
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242:
239:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
219:
213:
212:
209:
203:
202:
199:
197:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
169:
168:
165:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
145:
143:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
119:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
95:
94:
83:
82:
80:
79:
68:
57:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5957:
5946:
5945:Types of food
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5915:
5906:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5821:Cultured meat
5819:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5788:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5726:Meat industry
5723:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5641:Vegetarianism
5639:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5613:Animal rights
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5592:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5472:List articles
5470:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5373:Luncheon meat
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4970:Pacific saury
4968:
4966:
4965:Orange roughy
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4537:
4535:
4530:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:Caldo Xóchitl
4399:
4397:
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4368:Olivier salad
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4348:Chicken salad
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4068:Ayam taliwang
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3836:Buffalo wings
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3808:Fried chicken
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3558:Chicken Sukka
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3513:Chicken Divan
3511:
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3508:Chicken curry
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3493:Chicken balls
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2549:4thegrill.com
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2288:Santa Barbara
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2154:
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2146:
2138:
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2112:www.heart.org
2109:
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2025:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Chicken patty
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
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1827:
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1810:
1809:chicken curry
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:chicken tikka
1786:
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1775:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1715:chicken stock
1711:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1684:Buffalo wings
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:fried chicken
1669:
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1649:
1643:
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1629:
1623:
1619:
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1595:
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1581:
1575:
1574:
1569:This section
1567:
1563:
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1404:
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1399:
1394:This section
1392:
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1383:
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1368:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1342:
1339:
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1311:
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1305:This section
1303:
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1293:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:cephalosporin
1240:
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1233:
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1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:chopped liver
1147:
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1139:
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1131:
1127:
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1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
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1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:Buffalo wings
1009:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
990:
985:
981:
978:
974:
973:
971:
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966:
964:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
946:Buffalo wings
943:
937:
933:
928:
918:
915:
907:
897:
893:
887:
886:
881:This section
879:
875:
870:
869:
865:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
839:
834:
832:
827:
819:
815:
811:
806:
801:
788:
787:Fried chicken
782:
777:
774:
767:
762:
761:
760:
756:
754:
750:
746:
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738:
732:
730:
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696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
664:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
633:saturated fat
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
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558:
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541:
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395:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
368:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
348:
347:Glutamic acid
344:
340:
338:
337:Aspartic acid
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
318:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
278:
277:Phenylalanine
274:
270:
268:
264:
260:
258:
254:
250:
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244:
240:
238:
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230:
228:
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164:
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156:
154:
150:
144:
141:
140:
134:
130:
126:
120:
117:
116:
115:Carbohydrates
110:
106:
102:
100:
96:
91:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
19:
5843:Mystery meat
5799:Arachnophagy
5739:Branch house
5706:Preservation
5683:Meat science
5634:Alternatives
5623:Meat paradox
5545:Smoked foods
5184:Grasshoppers
5129:Sea cucumber
5124:Shrimp/prawn
4568:
4482:Chicken feet
4441:Sinampalukan
4383:Chicken soup
4271:Poule au riz
4168:Shish taouk
4133:Lechon manok
3901:Chicken Kiev
3743:Plecing ayam
3698:Kwetiau ayam
3638:Flying Jacob
3598:Cola chicken
3538:Chicken mull
3381:
3315:
3307:free content
3299:
3282:. Retrieved
3278:
3265:
3216:
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3193:The Guardian
3192:
3183:
3176:Food Network
3160:
3148:. Retrieved
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3118:the original
3108:
3096:. Retrieved
3086:
3074:. Retrieved
3070:the original
3059:
3016:
3012:
3002:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2941:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2888:
2873:
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2842:
2829:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2738:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2709:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2680:the original
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2630:Food Network
2629:
2622:Brown, Alton
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2548:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2516:
2493:
2461:. Retrieved
2438:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:the original
2411:
2402:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2363:
2353:
2344:
2337:. Retrieved
2323:
2313:
2305:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2262:Google Books
2260:– via
2238:
2231:
2223:
2220:Academia.edu
2218:– via
2199:
2195:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:
2160:
2150:
2145:
2137:the original
2130:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2086:the original
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2032:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2003:
1990:
1976:Woody breast
1946:Chicken soup
1931:Battery cage
1897:
1893:
1885:
1719:
1712:
1700:
1696:
1644:
1615:
1613:
1598:
1589:
1578:Please help
1573:verification
1570:
1546:french fries
1507:
1484:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1431:
1422:
1407:Please help
1395:
1371:
1364:
1349:
1334:
1325:
1314:Please help
1309:verification
1306:
1275:
1269:
1246:
1234:
1203:
1186:
1168:
1136:
1123:Chicken eggs
1112:By-products
1042:Chicken feet
1025:
1024:the middle "
1018:
1002:
995:
983:
976:
910:
901:
890:Please help
885:verification
882:
842:
835:
823:
757:
737:World War II
733:
710:
701:, including
688:
669:
637:
598:
568:
528:
523:
476:
471:
464:
417:
412:
405:
191:
137:
113:
52:Hot and cold
18:
16:Type of meat
5826:Entomophagy
5814:Meat diaper
5804:Cannibalism
5480:Meat dishes
5262:Charcuterie
5225:preparation
5209:Mopane worm
5199:Mezcal worm
4436:Samgye-tang
4416:Dak-hanmari
4373:Tavuk göğsü
4206:Arroz caldo
4198:Rice dishes
4123:Jujeh kabab
3986:Saltimbocca
3846:Cordon bleu
3816:Ayam goreng
3498:Chicken bog
3423:Ayam pansuh
3124:28 February
3098:28 February
3076:16 December
2948:21 December
2525:. About.com
2463:13 December
2339:28 December
1917:Food portal
1833:Philippines
1664:deep frying
1518:Red Rooster
1081:Nueva Ecija
852:Middle Ages
695:Middle Ages
670:The modern
629:cholesterol
5929:Categories
5883:White meat
5858:Pink slime
5836:Artificial
5711:Tenderness
5596:psychology
5594:Ethics and
5428:Salt-cured
5134:Sea urchin
4702:Guinea pig
4492:Pinikpikan
4421:Dillegrout
4261:Nasi liwet
4221:Bubur ayam
4148:Rotisserie
4063:Ayam kodok
4053:Ayam bakar
3971:Parmigiana
3841:Chicken 65
3778:Swiss wing
3763:Scaloppine
3693:Kori rotti
3663:Gulai ayam
3603:Coq au vin
3583:Chikuzenni
3413:Ayam kecap
2848:2 February
2655:Bite.co.nz
2529:20 January
2175:11 January
1983:References
1795:worldwide.
1736:of chicken
1734:Marination
1708:sandwiches
1688:marination
1668:fast foods
1617:Salmonella
1516:(global),
1194:beef flank
1182:percentage
1138:churrascos
1128:Heart and
984:tenderloin
970:white meat
954:deep-fried
862:See also:
723:cooked in
712:blancmange
691:Babylonian
609:barbecuing
257:Methionine
227:Isoleucine
207:Tryptophan
5774:Slaughter
5696:Drip loss
5418:Rillettes
5378:Marinated
5316:Forcemeat
5302:Fermented
5242:Barbecued
5214:Palm grub
5045:Shellfish
5015:Swordfish
4950:Mahi Mahi
4780:Crocodile
4755:Alligator
4634:Livestock
4564:Cassowary
4497:Turducken
4477:Ballotine
4451:Soto ayam
4138:Pinchitos
4103:Huli-huli
4031:Yangnyeom
4016:Taiwanese
4001:Spice bag
3861:Dak-galbi
3788:Waterzooi
3753:Rollatini
3718:Opor ayam
3653:Galinhada
3033:1556-7125
2986:1879-3460
2803:1552-9924
2635:16 August
2601:Cooks.com
2483:ignored (
2473:cite book
2369:25 August
2334:0362-4331
2292:Greenwood
2202:(2): 36.
1936:Bush legs
1656:broasting
1628:torisashi
1592:July 2021
1534:Indonesia
1522:Australia
1510:fast food
1495:Hesburger
1425:July 2017
1396:does not
1328:July 2021
1277:S. aureus
1257:ceftiofur
1237:nitarsone
1226:roxarsone
1210:roxarsone
1134:Brazilian
1101:East Asia
1097:Pygostyle
1091:dark meat
1046:Caribbean
996:drumstick
904:July 2021
848:castrated
773:barbecued
621:fast food
584:—chicken
317:Histidine
217:Threonine
153:Saturated
5868:Red meat
5863:Raw meat
5792:subjects
5673:Veganism
5540:Meatball
5403:Pemmican
5388:Meatloaf
5383:Meatball
5223:Cuts and
5204:Silkworm
5194:Mealworm
5172:Crickets
5084:Crayfish
5064:Calamari
4960:Milkfish
4945:Mackerel
4940:Kingfish
4915:Flounder
4815:Pangolin
4800:Kangaroo
4785:Elephant
4770:Bushmeat
4327:Sandwich
4322:Pastilla
4317:Musakhan
4266:Nasi tim
4188:Yakitori
4173:Tandoori
4163:Shawarma
4128:Kai yang
4045:barbecue
3996:Southern
3936:Lollipop
3916:Kung Pao
3906:Kentucky
3886:Gribenes
3826:Ayam pop
3758:Sanbeiji
3728:Piaparan
3723:Ostropel
3703:Mie ayam
3678:Kedjenou
3673:Inubaran
3403:Afritada
3199:19 April
3168:Archived
3051:22755514
2994:22260927
2821:23694900
2744:13 March
2715:13 March
2501:Archived
2442:. 2023.
2387:Archived
2216:54596878
2092:14 March
2056:Archived
2052:30844154
2014:28 March
2008:Archived
1998:(2024).
1903:See also
1882:Freezing
1817:chapatis
1670:such as
1648:roasting
1639:toriwasa
1499:Helsinki
1367:abattoir
1175:red meat
1156:Schmaltz
1019:drumette
936:rosemary
838:broilers
794:Breeding
625:red meat
605:grilling
594:cuisines
529:Quantity
472:Quantity
466:Minerals
451:0.667 mg
413:Quantity
407:Vitamins
307:Arginine
287:Tyrosine
5831:Marbled
5790:Related
5769:Packing
5744:Butcher
5608:Carnism
5550:Sausage
5525:Seafood
5493:Chicken
5463:Tartare
5458:Tandoor
5438:Sausage
5423:Roasted
5408:Poached
5398:Pickled
5321:Cretons
5311:supreme
5252:Braised
5247:Biltong
5149:Insects
5114:Scallop
5104:Octopus
5094:Lobster
5089:Dolphin
5059:Abalone
5051:seafood
5035:Walleye
5020:Tilapia
4995:Sardine
4985:Pollock
4935:Herring
4930:Halibut
4925:Haddock
4920:Grouper
4905:Crappie
4895:Catfish
4875:Anchovy
4845:Venison
4662:Buffalo
4652:Beefalo
4589:Ostrich
4569:Chicken
4556:Poultry
4391:Binakol
4353:Chinese
4216:Bringhe
4183:Tsukune
4026:Tongdak
3976:Piccata
3891:Karaage
3851:Coxinha
3783:Talunan
3618:Dapanji
3578:Chimaek
3473:Chargha
3463:Cafreal
3296:Sources
3284:1 April
3042:4620655
2901:24 June
2812:3701911
2764:acs.org
2686:9 April
2660:28 July
2581:11 July
2555:7 April
2422:11 July
2346:simple.
2062:21 June
1634:sashimi
1552:Cooking
1542:breaded
1526:Belgium
1503:Finland
1472:poussin
1453:poussin
1417:removed
1402:sources
1218:arsenic
1196:steak.
1130:gizzard
1116:dishes.
1087:Oysters
1060:Giblets
1054:Vietnam
831:Cornish
826:chicken
814:poultry
707:pullets
672:chicken
658:History
617:boiling
574:poultry
570:Chicken
538:63.93 g
493:1.16 mg
381:0.870 g
371:1.190 g
367:Proline
361:1.583 g
357:Glycine
351:3.610 g
341:2.200 g
331:1.436 g
327:Alanine
321:0.726 g
311:1.545 g
301:1.199 g
291:0.796 g
281:0.959 g
271:0.329 g
267:Cystine
261:0.657 g
251:2.011 g
241:1.797 g
237:Leucine
231:1.233 g
221:1.020 g
211:0.276 g
200:24.68 g
193:Protein
177:2.740 g
167:4.930 g
157:3.500 g
146:12.56 g
23:Chicken
5912:
5764:Jobber
5749:Cutter
5734:Broker
5535:Steaks
5453:Stewed
5443:Smoked
5433:Salumi
5413:Potted
5363:Kidney
5343:Ground
5338:Frozen
5307:Fillet
5287:Cutlet
5277:Corned
5272:Confit
5257:Burger
5188:locust
5167:Cicada
5109:Oyster
5099:Mussel
5069:Chiton
5049:other
4990:Salmon
4955:Marlin
4840:Turtle
4830:Rabbit
4805:Monkey
4795:Iguana
4737:Żubroń
4692:Snails
4687:Donkey
4642:Alpaca
4609:Turkey
4594:Pigeon
4456:Tinola
4336:Salads
4307:Kurnik
4241:Dakjuk
4108:Inasal
4083:Buldak
4011:Tabaka
3991:Sesame
3961:Orange
3956:Nugget
3921:Laziji
3911:Korean
3866:Finger
3856:Crispy
3668:Helzel
3438:Betutu
3224:
3150:21 May
3049:
3039:
3031:
2992:
2984:
2819:
2809:
2801:
2606:20 May
2454:
2332:
2298:
2254:
2214:
2050:
2040:
1660:frying
1658:, and
1652:baking
1528:) and
1179:weight
1165:Health
1075:among
1073:helzel
1038:Other
977:breast
844:Capons
721:onions
703:capons
615:, and
613:frying
601:baking
578:cattle
499:Sodium
377:Serine
297:Valine
247:Lysine
122:0.00 g
99:Energy
70:
41:Course
5848:Offal
5559:Other
5448:Steak
5393:Offal
5368:Liver
5358:Kebab
5353:Jerky
5333:Fried
5292:Dried
5282:Cured
5237:Bacon
5177:Flour
5139:Whale
5025:Trout
5000:Shark
4975:Perch
4835:Snake
4810:Mouse
4717:Llama
4707:Horse
4667:Camel
4657:Bison
4599:Quail
4584:Goose
4446:Sopas
4178:Tikka
4158:Satay
4153:Sajji
4041:Roast
3966:Padak
3926:Lemon
3896:Katsu
3871:Fries
3798:Yassa
3768:Sorol
3398:Adobo
3275:(PDF)
2938:(PDF)
2839:(PDF)
2212:S2CID
1851:India
1849:from
1811:from
1538:fried
1356:fecal
1212:, an
1132:: in
1050:China
1017:the "
1003:thigh
1001:the "
994:The "
982:two "
975:The "
965:Main
932:lemon
729:sugar
535:Water
506:67 mg
434:44 μg
5530:Veal
5513:Pork
5508:Lamb
5503:Goat
5498:Fish
5488:Beef
5326:Pâté
5267:Chop
5232:Aged
5157:Ants
5119:Seal
5079:Crab
5074:Clam
5030:Tuna
5010:Swai
5005:Sole
4980:Pike
4890:Carp
4885:Bass
4880:Basa
4867:Fish
4855:Wolf
4825:Hare
4775:Boar
4765:Bear
4747:Game
4727:Veal
4722:Pork
4697:Frog
4677:Goat
4647:Beef
4604:Rhea
4574:Duck
4548:Meat
4118:Jerk
4043:and
3286:2016
3222:ISBN
3201:2001
3152:2024
3145:WVIT
3126:2014
3100:2014
3078:2015
3047:PMID
3029:ISSN
2990:PMID
2982:ISSN
2950:2015
2903:2009
2850:2016
2817:PMID
2799:ISSN
2746:2024
2717:2024
2688:2011
2662:2014
2637:2016
2608:2010
2583:2024
2557:2021
2531:2008
2509:USDA
2485:help
2465:2023
2452:ISBN
2424:2007
2371:2016
2341:2018
2330:ISSN
2296:ISBN
2252:ISBN
2177:2023
2094:2017
2064:2024
2048:PMID
2038:ISBN
2016:2024
1889:meat
1666:for
1400:any
1398:cite
1261:eggs
1148:and
1146:pâté
1052:and
1026:flat
934:and
818:beef
808:The
749:veal
745:pork
743:and
741:beef
725:milk
717:stew
715:, a
638:The
631:and
590:eggs
586:meat
582:hogs
486:Iron
5518:Ham
5348:Ham
5297:Dum
5047:and
4910:Eel
4900:Cod
4850:Dog
4820:Rat
4790:Fox
4760:Bat
4732:Yak
4682:Dog
4672:Cat
4579:Emu
3037:PMC
3021:doi
2974:doi
2970:154
2807:PMC
2791:doi
2787:121
2444:doi
2204:doi
2132:CNN
2004:FDA
1682:or
1582:by
1540:or
1530:CFC
1514:KFC
1411:by
1318:by
1282:FDA
1230:FDA
1204:In
894:by
580:or
477:%DV
449:13%
418:%DV
139:Fat
5931::
3277:.
3236:^
3191:.
3174:,
3143:.
3045:.
3035:.
3027:.
3015:.
3011:.
2988:.
2980:.
2968:.
2940:.
2919:.
2841:.
2815:.
2805:.
2797:.
2785:.
2781:.
2762:.
2737:.
2733:.
2708:.
2704:.
2653:.
2628:.
2624:.
2599:.
2574:.
2547:.
2507:,
2477::
2475:}}
2471:{{
2450:.
2410:.
2393:,
2362:.
2343:.
2328:.
2322:.
2304:.
2290::
2286:.
2264:.
2246::
2242:.
2222:.
2210:.
2200:44
2198:.
2194:.
2168:.
2129:.
2110:.
2080:.
2054:.
2046:.
2006:.
2002:.
1807:A
1717:.
1694:.
1678:,
1674:,
1654:,
1650:,
1548:.
1501:,
1451:A
1184:.
1048:,
854:.
731:.
705:,
686:.
635:.
611:,
607:,
603:,
596:.
504:3%
491:6%
432:5%
5309:/
5190:)
5186:(
4540:e
4533:t
4526:v
3374:e
3367:t
3360:v
3288:.
3230:.
3203:.
3154:.
3128:.
3102:.
3080:.
3053:.
3023::
3017:9
2996:.
2976::
2952:.
2923:.
2905:.
2882:.
2867:.
2852:.
2823:.
2793::
2766:.
2748:.
2719:.
2690:.
2664:.
2639:.
2610:.
2585:.
2559:.
2533:.
2487:)
2467:.
2446::
2426:.
2373:.
2206::
2179:.
2114:.
2096:.
2066:.
2018:.
1605:)
1599:(
1594:)
1590:(
1576:.
1532:(
1520:(
1438:)
1432:(
1427:)
1423:(
1419:.
1405:.
1341:)
1335:(
1330:)
1326:(
1312:.
1152:.
1107:.
1056:.
960:.
917:)
911:(
906:)
902:(
888:.
846:(
820:.
563:.
444:)
442:5
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