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Saturated fat

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2842:
should not increase that level of intake. Within these limits, the intake of foods rich in myristic and palmitic acids should be replaced by fats with a lower content of these particular fatty acids. In developing countries, however, where energy intake for some population groups may be inadequate, energy expenditure is high and body fat stores are low (BMI <18.5 kg/m). The amount and quality of fat supply have to be considered keeping in mind the need to meet energy requirements. Specific sources of saturated fat, such as coconut and palm oil, provide low-cost energy and may be an important source of energy for the poor.
642: 6991: 2917: 6979: 2906: 2888:
for focusing too narrowly on reducing saturated fats rather than emphasizing increased consumption of healthy fats and unrefined carbohydrates. Concern was expressed over the health risks of replacing saturated fats in the diet with refined carbohydrates, which carry a high risk of obesity and heart
2841:
The evidence shows that intake of saturated fatty acids is directly related to cardiovascular risk. The traditional target is to restrict the intake of saturated fatty acids to less than 10% of daily energy intake and less than 7% for high-risk groups. If populations are consuming less than 10%, they
1885:
for cardiovascular diseases. In 2020, the World Health Organization recommended lowering dietary intake of saturated fats to less than 10% of total energy consumption, and increasing intake of unsaturated fats. There is moderate-quality evidence that reducing the proportion of saturated fat in the
2833:
and saturated fats, in favor of unsaturated fats, are made by the World Health Organization, American Heart Association, Health Canada, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the UK National Health Service, the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, the Australian Department of
2880:
A 2004 review stated that "no lower safe limit of specific saturated fatty acid intakes has been identified" and recommended that the influence of varying saturated fatty acid intakes against a background of different individual lifestyles and genetic backgrounds should be the focus in future
1893:
found that saturated fat consumption is associated with higher mortality and that replacement of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat decreases risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality. In 2019, the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition concluded that higher saturated fat
2896:
In a 2017 comprehensive review of the literature and clinical trials, the American Heart Association published a recommendation that saturated fat intake be reduced or replaced by products containing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, a dietary adjustment that could reduce the risk of
4209:
Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, Sherliker P, Emberson J, Halsey J, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R (December 2007). "Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths".
3441: 1963:, among others, that play a role in cardiovascular disease. Different saturated fatty acids have differing effects on various lipid levels. There is strong evidence that lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids raise LDL-C, while stearic acid is more neutral. 203:(-C=C-). A double bond along the carbon chain can react with a pair of hydrogen atoms to change into a single -C-C- bond, with each H atom now bonded to one of the two C atoms. Glyceride fats without any carbon chain double bonds are called 1939:
Meta-analyses have found a significant relationship between saturated fat and serum cholesterol levels. High total cholesterol levels, which may be caused by many factors, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
3338: 3884:
Kim, Y; Youjin, J; Giovannucii, EL (2021). "Association between dietary fat intake and mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies".
5592:
Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA, Franklin B, Kris-Etherton P, Harris WS, Howard B, Karanja N, Lefevre M, Rudel L, Sacks F, Van Horn L, Winston M, Wylie-Rosett J (July 2006).
5324: 6624: 6618: 4418: 2893:
which may have health benefits. None of the panelists recommended heavy consumption of saturated fats, emphasizing instead the importance of overall dietary quality to cardiovascular health.
199:
backbone and fatty acids that each contain a long linear or branched chain of carbon (C) atoms. Along the chain, some carbon atoms are linked by single bonds (-C-C-) and others are linked by
2854:
led the Association to recommend reducing saturated fat intake to less than 7% of total calories according to its 2006 recommendations. This concurs with similar conclusions made by the US
632: 6564: 3342: 1900:
A 2023 review by the World Health Organization found convincing evidence that higher saturated fat consumption is associated with higher coronary heart disease incidence and mortality.
3776:"Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol" 6689: 3834: 6677: 6558: 6552: 2834:
Health and Aging, the Singapore Ministry of Health, the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the New Zealand Ministry of Health, and Hong Kong's Department of Health.
6588: 3942:"Saturated Fat Intake and the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: An Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-based Nutrition Practice Guideline" 6827: 6683: 6546: 1903:
A 2023 review by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found moderate certainty evidence to support reducing saturated fat intake for reduced risk of CVD and CVD events.
4682: 4598: 6880: 2004: 6534: 6485: 6479: 4986:
Callaway J, Schwab U, Harvima I, Halonen P, Mykkänen O, Hyvönen P, Järvinen T (April 2005). "Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis".
625: 2942:
between two straight lines. "Saturated," in general, refers to a maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon of the polycarbon tail as allowed by the
6540: 3928:"Saturated fat and trans-fat intakes and their replacement with other macronutrients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies" 6754: 6714: 6708: 6649: 6522: 6943: 6935: 6916: 6897: 6491: 5484: 5357: 1886:
diet and replacing it with unsaturated fats or carbohydrates for a period of at least two years leads to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease.
6635: 3818: 3745: 6955: 6528: 618: 3653:
Sacks FM, Lichtenstein AH, Wu JH, Appel LJ, Creager MA, Kris-Etherton PM, Miller M, Rimm EB, Rudel LL, Robinson JG, Stone NJ, Van Horn LV (July 2017).
6516: 6510: 5644:"Principles for national and regional guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention: a scientific statement from the World Heart and Stroke Forum" 1897:
A 2021 review found that diets high in saturated fat were associated with higher mortality from all causes, as well as from cardiovascular disease.
3983: 4572:
All values in this table are from this database unless otherwise cited or when italicized as the simple arithmetic sum of other component columns.
2877:
have said that based on the totality of available evidence the saturated fatty acids should make up no more than 10% of total dietary energy.
3055: 5408: 3579:
Kris-Etherton PM, Innis S (September 2007). "Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Dietary Fatty Acids".
2858:, which determined that reduction in saturated fat consumption would positively affect health and reduce the prevalence of heart disease. 4321:"Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies" 3115: 5642:
Smith SC, Jackson R, Pearson TA, Fuster V, Yusuf S, Faergeman O, Wood DA, Alderman M, Horgan J, Home P, Hunn M, Grundy SM (June 2004).
5570: 4021: 4646:"Changes in dry matter, oil content and fatty acids composition of avocado during harvesting time and post-harvesting ripening period" 5595:"Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee" 3705: 5693: 3217: 2855: 3187: 2837:
In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) expert consultation report concluded:
1890: 3614: 2931:
The two-dimensional illustration has implicit hydrogen atoms bonded to each of the carbon atoms in the polycarbon tail of the
6240: 5729: 5547: 5463: 5174: 4595:
Values from Nutritiondata.com (SR 21) may need to be reconciled with most recent release from the USDA SR 28 as of Sept 2017.
4303: 4270: 3099: 5747: 4583:"Fats and fatty acids contents per 100 g (click for "more details"). Example: Avocado oil (user can search for other oils)" 3137: 5350: 3497: 204: 4802: 5816:(2011). "The Great Fat Debate: A Closer Look at the Controversy—Questioning the Validity of Age-Old Dietary Guidance". 3173: 2850:(CDC) determined that "Americans need to continue working to reduce saturated fat intake…" In addition, reviews by the 1862: 4645: 4103: 3530:
Hooper, Lee; Martin, Nicole; Jimoh, Oluseyi F.; Kirk, Christian; Foster, Eve; Abdelhamid, Asmaa S. (21 August 2020).
5306: 5869: 5513: 5488: 5404: 5412: 3859: 3927: 6156: 5438: 3753: 301:
While nutrition labels regularly combine them, the saturated fatty acids appear in different proportions among
162: 5643: 4605: 7026: 3727: 2999: 2964: 2885: 550: 5686: 5030: 3213: 4708: 3749: 2874: 1866: 3941: 5574: 5434: 4075: 2847: 2068: 2061: 289:, have advocated for reduction in the intake of saturated fat to promote health and reduce the risk from 5707: 5274: 5139: 6969: 5912: 5907: 5292: 5252: 5230: 5212: 5117: 5095: 5073: 5051: 4915: 4893: 4871: 4849: 4827: 4768: 4622: 2851: 1882: 1870: 6760: 5571:"Trends in Intake of Energy, Protein, Carbohydrate, Fat, and Saturated Fat — United States, 1971–2000" 3939: 3655:"Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association" 1894:
consumption is associated with raised blood cholesterol and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
6233: 286: 1852: 6146: 5534: 3797: 2870: 2115: 1933: 1928:
Abnormal blood lipid levels – high total cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides, high levels of
5378: 4585:. Nutritiondata.com, Conde Nast for the USDA National Nutrient Database, Standard Release 21. 2014 3471: 2884:
Blanket recommendations to lower saturated fat were criticized at a 2010 conference debate of the
6473: 5382: 3731: 2866: 1929: 1878: 136: 3014: 2984: 2969: 2939: 2873:
also advises people to cut down on saturated fat, and to read labels on the food they buy. The
2010: 1922: 1874: 290: 5255:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 5233:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 5120:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 5098:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 5076:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 5054:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4918:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4896:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4874:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4852:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4830:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4771:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4711:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4625:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 4053: 1995:, present in plant oils and also in dairy fat, were associated with reduced risk of diabetes. 6784: 6778: 6606: 6600: 6594: 6467: 5578: 4028: 3977: 3019: 2054: 6661: 6655: 4121:"Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies" 7011: 6736: 6612: 6437: 6226: 6141: 5917: 5862: 4170:"Systematic review on the risk and benefit of different cholesterol-lowering interventions" 3034: 2097: 227: 75: 4582: 3390: 3364: 2935:
molecule (there are 13 carbon atoms in the tail; 14 carbon atoms in the entire molecule).
8: 2921: 2890: 2020: 341:
Saturated fat profile of common foods; Esterified fatty acids as percentage of total fat
243: 53: 48: 6582: 6570: 5536:
Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (WHO technical report series 916)
3504:. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Archived from 7021: 6862: 6838: 6795: 6700: 6502: 6136: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5663: 5624: 5052:"Safflower oil, salad or cooking, high oleic, primary commerce, fat composition, 100 g" 5011: 4963: 4938: 4850:"Corn oil, industrial and retail, all purpose salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g" 4539: 4514: 4495: 4446: 4394: 4369: 4345: 4320: 4235: 4145: 4120: 3965: 3910: 3684: 3556: 3531: 3291: 2974: 1952: 155: 96: 91: 86: 81: 5611: 5594: 4223: 3453: 6949: 6726: 6401: 6377: 6341: 5833: 5795: 5668: 5616: 5543: 5459: 5170: 5003: 4968: 4738: 4544: 4487: 4438: 4399: 4350: 4299: 4276: 4266: 4227: 4191: 4150: 4099: 3969: 3957: 3914: 3902: 3676: 3596: 3561: 3416: 3236: 3191: 3095: 3091: 3084: 124: 5015: 4499: 4450: 4239: 3775: 1936:(HDL) cholesterol – are associated with increased risk of heart disease and stroke. 6995: 6803: 6772: 6643: 6576: 6461: 6425: 6365: 5980: 5825: 5785: 5658: 5606: 5162: 4995: 4958: 4950: 4754: 4750: 4534: 4526: 4477: 4430: 4389: 4381: 4340: 4332: 4258: 4257:. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 170. Springer. pp. 165–94. 4219: 4181: 4140: 4132: 3949: 3894: 3666: 3621: 3588: 3551: 3547: 3543: 2726: 2328: 1912: 5628: 3688: 7016: 6413: 6395: 6389: 6329: 6305: 6058: 5902: 5855: 5813: 5253:"Soybean oil, salad or cooking, (partially hydrogenated), fat composition, 100 g" 4530: 4434: 3671: 3654: 3316: 3029: 2024: 1976: 1960: 781: 567: 390: 314: 279: 219: 218:. Various foods contain different proportions of saturated and unsaturated. Many 215: 43: 4419:"Dietary fat and breast cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis" 4385: 6983: 6821: 6766: 6748: 6443: 6371: 6317: 6269: 6197: 6048: 5829: 5509: 5118:"Palm oil, industrial, fully hydrogenated, filling fat, fat composition, 100 g" 4336: 4083:(7th ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. December 2010. 3953: 3940:
Johnson SA, Kirkpatrick CF, Miller NH, Carson JAS, Handu D, Moloney L. (2023).
3898: 3592: 3505: 2862: 2390: 2323: 2290: 1483: 749: 255: 4999: 4482: 4465: 2005:
Epidemiology and etiology of breast cancer § Specific dietary fatty acids
7005: 6924: 6905: 6874: 6809: 6742: 6720: 6431: 6419: 6353: 6347: 6335: 6299: 6293: 6076: 6038: 6033: 6018: 5985: 5328: 4136: 2932: 2925: 2910: 2756: 2619: 2457: 2106: 2037: 2014: 1992: 1980: 1858: 1038: 893: 829: 587: 577: 359: 354: 330: 310: 148: 5790: 5773: 5190: 4262: 4186: 4169: 242:. Other examples of foods containing a high proportion of saturated fat and 6852: 6815: 6671: 6449: 6407: 6383: 6359: 6287: 6281: 6275: 6166: 6128: 6091: 6086: 6053: 6043: 5990: 5837: 5799: 5672: 5620: 5007: 4972: 4656: 4606:"USDA Specifications for Vegetable Oil Margarine Effective August 28, 1996" 4548: 4491: 4442: 4403: 4354: 4280: 4231: 3997: 3961: 3906: 3680: 3600: 3565: 3258: 3009: 2979: 2191: 2158: 1984: 1972: 1948: 1918: 1917:
The consumption of saturated fat is generally considered a risk factor for
641: 609: 601: 524: 364: 334: 103: 4736: 4417:
Brennan, SF; Woodside, JV; Lunny, PM; Cardwell, CR; Cantwell, MM. (2017).
4195: 4154: 3159: 2041:
The nutritional values are expressed as percent (%) by mass of total fat.
214:
Most animal fats are saturated. The fats of plants and fish are generally
6868: 6455: 6323: 6311: 6207: 6202: 6192: 6151: 6101: 6096: 6081: 6028: 6023: 6000: 5995: 5295:. US National Nutrient Database, United States Department of Agriculture. 2951: 2947: 2721: 2688: 2357: 2224: 2124: 2075: 1988: 1956: 909: 877: 717: 677: 571: 563: 559: 505: 428: 371: 349: 326: 318: 306: 302: 275: 235: 200: 188: 108: 16:
Fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds
4894:"Cottonseed oil, industrial, fully hydrogenated, fat composition, 100 g" 4253:
Thijssen MA, Mensink RP (2005). "Fatty acids and atherosclerotic risk".
3860:"SACN's 'Saturated fats and health' Report | The Nutrition Society" 3319:. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 3221: 6846: 6253: 6010: 5972: 5166: 5161:. Vol. 2 (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 465. 4954: 3190:. ChooseMyPlate.gov, US Department of Agriculture. 2015. Archived from 3024: 2943: 2916: 2830: 2789: 2656: 2586: 2085: 1451: 813: 466: 322: 223: 184: 71: 6218: 5157:
Orthoefer FT (2005). "Chapter 10: Rice Bran Oil". In Shahidi F (ed.).
4939:"Grape Seed Oil Compounds: Biological and Chemical Actions for Health" 4319:
Gaeini, Zahra; Bahadoran, Zahra; Mirmiran, Parvin (3 September 2022).
2869:
claims the majority of British people eat too much saturated fat. The
1434: 274:. Certain vegetable products have high saturated fat content, such as 6886: 6068: 5947: 4370:"Meta-Analysis of Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and Breast Cancer Risk" 2994: 2989: 2490: 1643: 1383: 932: 861: 845: 765: 685: 263: 239: 211:
atoms, having no double bonds available to react with more hydrogen.
192: 129: 4936: 3214:"USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20" 6978: 6174: 6116: 6111: 4737:
Katragadda HR, Fullana A, Sidhu S, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA (2010).
3297:. Colorado Springs: University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry 2557: 2524: 2424: 2257: 2023:
have shown that a diet high in saturated fat increases the risk of
1861:
has been extensively studied. Many health authorities, such as the
797: 733: 591: 251: 208: 196: 5847: 4463: 6184: 6106: 3004: 2938:
Carbon atoms are also implicitly drawn, as they are portrayed as
1944: 1810: 1793: 1467: 285:
Guidelines released by many medical organizations, including the
231: 5591: 4208: 4098:(2nd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 243. 2905: 1979:
was not associated with dietary intake of total saturated fats,
1612: 1499: 1400: 1366: 1349: 948: 701: 486: 447: 409: 271: 267: 259: 4466:"Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review" 4464:
Dandamudi, A; Tommie, J; Nommsen-Rivers, L; Couch, S. (2018).
3532:"Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease" 2829:
Recommendations to reduce, limit or replace dietary intake of
6249: 5879: 3502:
National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26
2954:) will be present between adjacent carbon atoms of the tail. 1417: 4985: 4937:
Garavaglia J, Markoski MM, Oliveira A, Marcadenti A (2016).
4916:"Linseed/Flaxseed oil, cold pressed, fat composition, 100 g" 4567: 4416: 4683:"What is unrefined, extra virgin cold-pressed avocado oil?" 4298:(Seventh ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning. p. 153. 2909:
Two-dimensional representation of the saturated fatty acid
1007: 605: 595: 581: 247: 29: 4872:"Cottonseed oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g" 4739:"Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils" 5931: 5926: 5641: 4118: 3819:"Evidence Check: Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease" 180: 25: 4680: 4119:
Clarke R, Frost C, Collins R, Appleby P, Peto R (1997).
4022:"Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases" 3746:"Nutrition Facts at a Glance – Nutrients: Saturated Fat" 3652: 2013:
have found that saturated fat intake is associated with
313:
acids are most commonly found in "tropical" oils (e.g.,
5231:"Soybean oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g" 4515:"Dietary factors and risk for advanced prostate cancer" 4318: 3700: 3698: 6967: 5358:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
5074:"Olive oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g" 3930:. World Health Organization. Retrieved 16 March 2023. 3529: 3339:"Basic Report: 04042, Oil, peanut, salad or cooking" 234:
are high in saturated fat content. Some store-bought
4570:. United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016. 4512: 4167: 3883: 3695: 544: 5542:. World Health Organization. 2003. pp. 81–94. 4513:Gathirua-Mwangi, Wambui G.; Zhang, Jianjun (2014). 4168:Bucher HC, Griffith LE, Guyatt GH (February 1999). 3840:. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) 3081: 1921:, which in turn is a risk factor for some types of 195:is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: a short 4174:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 3578: 3140:. Harvard University School of Public Health. 2014 3083: 1827:Unless else specified in boxes, then reference is: 321:) and dairy products. The saturated fat in meat, 4681:Wong M, Requejo-Jackman C, Woolf A (April 2010). 4562: 4560: 4558: 4027:. World Health Organization. 2003. Archived from 3946:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 3241:Journal of Bioresource Engineering and Technology 7003: 4093: 4252: 3778:. European Food Safety Authority. 25 March 2010 1881:, among others, advise that saturated fat is a 555:Some common examples of saturated fatty acids: 4555: 4423:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 3821:. saxinstitute.org. Retrieved 25 October 2023. 3620:. British Dietetic Association. Archived from 3442:USDA Basic Report Cream, fluid, heavy whipping 3317:"NDL/FNIC Food Composition Database Home Page" 6234: 5863: 5771: 4202: 3138:"Top food sources of saturated fat in the US" 3090:. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. pp.  626: 156: 5818:Journal of the American Dietetic Association 5409:National Health and Medical Research Council 4643: 4367: 4096:Critical Pathways in Cardiovascular Medicine 3982:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3581:Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1841: 191:between the carbon atoms. A fat known as a 4568:"US National Nutrient Database, Release 28" 3536:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 1889:A 2017 review by the Sax Institute for the 6241: 6227: 5870: 5856: 4655:. Elsevier. pp. 79–83. Archived from 4161: 3800:. World Health Organization. 29 April 2020 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3077: 3075: 2824: 1607:Fats added during cooking or at the table 633: 619: 163: 149: 5789: 5662: 5610: 5156: 4962: 4538: 4481: 4393: 4344: 4185: 4144: 3670: 3555: 3292:"Fatty acid composition of fats and oils" 1846: 580:with 14 carbon atoms (contained in cow's 258:made with whole or reduced fat milk like 238:are as well, especially those containing 5772:German JB, Dillard CJ (September 2004). 5159:Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products 4709:"Brazil nut oil, fat composition, 100 g" 4368:Xia, H; Ma, S; Wang, S; Sun, G. (2015). 4246: 3272: 3160:"Saturated, Unsaturated, and Trans Fats" 2915: 2904: 2900: 2889:disease, particularly at the expense of 604:with 18 carbon atoms (also contained in 6248: 5694:United States Department of Agriculture 5150: 4988:The Journal of Dermatological Treatment 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4296:Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism 4293: 3829: 3827: 3639: 3572: 3218:United States Department of Agriculture 3072: 2856:Department of Health and Human Services 7004: 5812: 5778:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 5774:"Saturated fats: what dietary intake?" 5765: 4803:"Where There's Smoke, There's a Fryer" 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4077:Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 1891:National Heart Foundation of Australia 6222: 5851: 5464:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 4828:"Coconut oil, fat composition, 100 g" 4800: 4623:"Avocado oil, fat composition, 100 g" 4519:European Journal of Cancer Prevention 3708:. World Heart Federation. 30 May 2017 3706:"Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors" 3525: 3523: 3234: 2060: 5748:"Fat - British Nutrition Foundation" 5679: 5293:"Walnut oil, fat composition, 100 g" 4783: 4769:"Canola oil, fat composition, 100 g" 4689:. The American Oil Chemists' Society 3824: 3391:"Oil, vegetable safflower, linoleic" 3309: 3289: 3082:Reece, Jane; Campbell, Neil (2002). 246:include animal fat products such as 5877: 5527: 5299: 4930: 4723: 3738: 3720: 3607: 3237:"Cocoa Butter and its Alternatives" 3176:. American Heart Association. 2020. 3166: 1943:There are other pathways involving 590:with 16 carbon atoms (contained in 562:with 12 carbon atoms (contained in 13: 6625:6,9,12,15,18,21-Tetracosahexaenoic 5687:"Dietary Guidelines for Americans" 5664:10.1161/01.CIR.0000133427.35111.67 5325:"Choosing foods with healthy fats" 5096:"Palm oil, fat composition, 100 g" 5040:. The Vegetarian Health Institute. 5028: 3752:. 22 December 2009. Archived from 3520: 3498:"09038, Avocados, raw, California" 3118:. American Heart Association. 2014 3108: 2030: 1966: 1863:Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 1853:Cardiovascular disease § Diet 670:As weight percent (%) of total fat 640: 329:is primarily the triglycerides of 207:because they are "saturated with" 14: 7038: 6619:9,12,15,18,21-Tetracosapentaenoic 5612:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176158 3458:The Goose Fat Information Service 3365:"Oil, vegetable safflower, oleic" 2846:A 2004 statement released by the 2035: 545:Examples of saturated fatty acids 6989: 6977: 4943:Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 2897:cardiovascular diseases by 30%. 5806: 5740: 5722: 5700: 5635: 5585: 5563: 5502: 5485:"Making healthier food choices" 5477: 5452: 5427: 5413:Department of Health and Ageing 5397: 5371: 5343: 5317: 5285: 5267: 5245: 5223: 5213:"Oil, sesame, salad or cooking" 5205: 5183: 5132: 5110: 5088: 5066: 5044: 5022: 4979: 4908: 4886: 4864: 4842: 4820: 4761: 4701: 4674: 4637: 4615: 4575: 4506: 4457: 4410: 4361: 4312: 4287: 4255:Atherosclerosis: Diet and Drugs 4112: 4087: 4068: 4046: 4014: 3990: 3933: 3921: 3877: 3852: 3812: 3790: 3768: 3615:"Food Fact Sheet - Cholesterol" 3490: 3464: 3446: 3435: 3409: 3383: 3357: 3331: 3048: 1906: 1857:The effect of saturated fat on 296: 6157:Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 4755:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.070 3548:10.1002/14651858.CD011737.pub3 3251: 3228: 3206: 3180: 3152: 3130: 1: 4224:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61778-4 3065: 3000:Advanced glycation endproduct 2965:List of saturated fatty acids 2946:. This also means that only 2886:American Dietetic Association 551:List of saturated fatty acids 5351:"Cut Down on Saturated Fats" 4531:10.1097/CEJ.0b013e3283647394 4435:10.1080/10408398.2012.724481 3948:. S2212-2672 (23): 01285–6. 3750:Food and Drug Administration 3672:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510 2924:of the saturated fatty acid 2875:British Nutrition Foundation 1867:British Dietetic Association 7: 5575:Centers for Disease Control 4644:Ozdemir F, Topuz A (2004). 4386:10.1097/MD.0000000000002391 4294:Gropper, Sareen S. (2018). 4125:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 4094:Cannon C, O'Gara P (2007). 3998:"Position Statement on Fat" 3835:"Saturated Fats and Health" 3417:"Oil, vegetable, sunflower" 3259:"Thrive Culinary Algae Oil" 2957: 2848:Centers for Disease Control 240:partially hydrogenated oils 10: 7043: 5913:Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5908:Monounsaturated fatty acid 5830:10.1016/j.jada.2011.03.026 3954:10.1016/j.jand.2023.07.017 3899:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.07.007 3593:10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.024 3162:. choosemyplate.gov. 2020. 2852:American Heart Association 2818:160 °C (320 °F) 2784:227 °C (440 °F) 2716:238 °C (460 °F) 2651:232 °C (450 °F) 2614:232 °C (450 °F) 2552:235 °C (455 °F) 2519:193 °C (380 °F) 2485:212 °C (414 °F) 2452:166 °C (330 °F) 2419:216 °C (421 °F) 2385:107 °C (225 °F) 2318:216 °C (420 °F) 2285:232 °C (450 °F) 2252:175 °C (347 °F) 2219:204 °C (400 °F) 2186:208 °C (406 °F) 2153:250 °C (482 °F) 2002: 1910: 1871:American Heart Association 1850: 548: 6934: 6915: 6896: 6837: 6794: 6699: 6634: 6501: 6260: 6183: 6165: 6147:Phosphatidyl ethanolamine 6127: 6067: 6009: 5971: 5940: 5886: 5435:"Getting the Fats Right!" 5000:10.1080/09546630510035832 4483:10.21873/anticanres.12586 3798:"Healthy diet: key facts" 2084: 2074: 2067: 2053: 2048: 2045: 1998: 1842:Association with diseases 1832: 1825: 1785: 1606: 1515: 1341: 1054: 924: 846:Safflower oil, high oleic 675: 668: 650: 287:World Health Organization 6678:7,10,13-Octadecatrienoic 5734:British Heart Foundation 5708:"Eat less saturated fat" 4801:Wolke RL (16 May 2007). 4337:10.1093/advances/nmac071 4137:10.1136/bmj.314.7074.112 4056:. Irish Heart Foundation 3864:www.nutritionsociety.org 3056:Food pyramid (nutrition) 3041: 2871:British Heart Foundation 2458:High-oleic safflower oil 1934:high-density lipoprotein 1272:Grilled chicken sandwich 1258:Breaded chicken sandwich 5710:. Nhs.uk. 26 March 2020 5383:National Health Service 4263:10.1007/3-540-27661-0_5 4187:10.1161/01.atv.19.2.187 3732:National Health Service 3472:"Egg, yolk, raw, fresh" 2867:National Health Service 2825:Dietary recommendations 1975:found that the risk of 1932:(LDL) or low levels of 1930:low-density lipoprotein 1879:National Health Service 1772:Dressing, light Italian 1244:Cheeseburger, fast food 862:Safflower oil, linoleic 291:cardiovascular diseases 137:Fat interesterification 6828:7,10,13-Eicosatrienoic 6684:9,12,15-Eicosatrienoic 5577:. 2004. Archived from 5031:"Smoke points of oils" 3454:"Nutrition And Health" 3341:. USDA. Archived from 3220:. 2007. Archived from 3015:Framingham Heart Study 2985:Diet and heart disease 2970:List of vegetable oils 2928: 2913: 2844: 2727:partially hydrogenated 1923:cardiovascular disease 1875:World Heart Federation 1847:Cardiovascular disease 1565:Cookie, chocolate chip 1551:Cookie, oatmeal raisin 1517:Sweets and baked goods 645: 5791:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.550 5510:"Know More about Fat" 5307:"Smoke Point of Oils" 4325:Advances in Nutrition 3235:Kumar, Vijay (2014). 3058:for more information. 3020:Seven Countries Study 2919: 2908: 2901:Molecular description 2839: 2021:Observational studies 2003:Further information: 1758:Dressing, blue cheese 644: 7027:Edible oil chemistry 6142:Phosphatidylinositol 5918:Essential fatty acid 5752:www.nutrition.org.uk 5514:Department of Health 5215:. FoodData Central. 3035:Western pattern diet 2891:polyunsaturated fats 2017:risk and mortality. 2011:case–control studies 1957:endothelial function 1674:Margarine, light tub 1523:Candy, chocolate bar 76:Essential fatty acid 5581:on 1 December 2008. 5415:. 24 September 2012 5381:. United Kingdom's 4807:The Washington Post 4470:Anticancer Research 3627:on 22 November 2010 2922:space-filling model 2042: 2009:Several reviews of 1953:insulin sensitivity 1174:Fish, orange roughy 584:and dairy products) 342: 244:dietary cholesterol 54:Polyunsaturated fat 49:Monounsaturated fat 6881:8,11-Eicosadienoic 6761:Dihomo-γ-linolenic 6690:β-Eicosatetraenoic 6589:Dihomo-α-linolenic 6474:Heptatriacontanoic 6137:Phosphatidylserine 5963:Omega−9 fatty acid 5958:Omega−6 fatty acid 5953:Omega−3 fatty acid 5489:Ministry of Health 5439:Ministry of Health 5311:Baseline of Health 5275:"FoodData Central" 5193:. RITO Partnership 5167:10.1002/047167849X 4955:10.4137/NMI.S32910 4662:on 16 January 2020 3887:Clinical Nutrition 3756:on 28 January 2010 3508:on 10 January 2014 3188:"What are "oils"?" 2975:Food guide pyramid 2929: 2914: 1834:* 3% is trans fats 1537:Candy, fruit chews 979:Ice cream, gourmet 646: 570:, cow's milk, and 340: 254:, fatty meats and 6965: 6964: 6486:Nonatriacontanoic 6480:Octatriacontanoic 6216: 6215: 5549:978-92-4-120916-8 5331:. 10 October 2018 5176:978-0-471-38552-3 4429:(10): 1999–2008. 4305:978-1-305-62785-7 4272:978-3-540-22569-0 4218:(9602): 1829–39. 3587:(9): 1599–1611 . 3476:nutritiondata.com 3421:nutritiondata.com 3395:nutritiondata.com 3369:nutritiondata.com 3101:978-0-8053-6624-2 2822: 2821: 1971:A 2022 review of 1839: 1838: 1230:Burger, fast food 542: 541: 173: 172: 125:Fat hydrogenation 117:Manufactured fats 7034: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6982: 6981: 6973: 6936:ω−12 Unsaturated 6917:ω−11 Unsaturated 6898:ω−10 Unsaturated 6601:Eicosapentaenoic 6595:Eicosatetraenoic 6559:Palmitolinolenic 6553:Myristolinolenic 6468:Hexatriacontylic 6243: 6236: 6229: 6220: 6219: 5981:Arachidonic acid 5872: 5865: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5842: 5841: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5793: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5730:"Fats explained" 5726: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5691: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5666: 5648: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5614: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5541: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5487:. New Zealand's 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5379:"Fat: the facts" 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5355: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5313:. Jonbarron.org. 5303: 5297: 5296: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5279:fdc.nal.usda.gov 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5217:fdc.nal.usda.gov 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5144:FoodData Central 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5035: 5026: 5020: 5019: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4966: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4798: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4734: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4661: 4650: 4641: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4602: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4564: 4553: 4552: 4542: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4485: 4476:(6): 3209–3222. 4461: 4455: 4454: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4397: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4348: 4331:(6): 2125–2135. 4316: 4310: 4309: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4189: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4148: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4033: 4026: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4002: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3981: 3973: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3893:(3): 1060–1070. 3881: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3839: 3831: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3734:. 14 April 2020. 3728:"Fat: the facts" 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3702: 3693: 3692: 3674: 3650: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3626: 3619: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3559: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3450: 3444: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3296: 3287: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3116:"Saturated fats" 3112: 3106: 3105: 3089: 3079: 3059: 3054:See the article 3052: 2358:Flaxseed/linseed 2043: 2034: 1913:Lipid hypothesis 1835: 1828: 1160:Turkey drumstick 993:Ice cream, light 671: 648: 647: 635: 628: 621: 343: 339: 228:hydrogenated oil 187:chains have all 165: 158: 151: 21: 20: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6990: 6988: 6976: 6968: 6966: 6961: 6930: 6911: 6892: 6839:ω−9 Unsaturated 6833: 6796:ω−7 Unsaturated 6790: 6755:Dihomo-linoleic 6715:12-Octadecenoic 6709:8-Tetradecenoic 6701:ω−6 Unsaturated 6695: 6650:Palmitovaccenic 6636:ω−5 Unsaturated 6630: 6613:Docosahexaenoic 6547:Myristolinoleic 6541:Myristovaccenic 6503:ω−3 Unsaturated 6497: 6438:Hentriacontylic 6256: 6247: 6217: 6212: 6198:Corticosteroids 6179: 6161: 6123: 6063: 6059:Lignoceric acid 6005: 5967: 5936: 5903:Unsaturated fat 5882: 5876: 5846: 5845: 5811: 5807: 5770: 5766: 5756: 5754: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5713: 5711: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5657:(25): 3112–21. 5646: 5640: 5636: 5590: 5586: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5493: 5491: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5468: 5466: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5443: 5441: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5416: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5385:. 27 April 2018 5377: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5334: 5332: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5219:. 1 April 2019. 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5191:"Rice bran oil" 5189: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5155: 5151: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5094: 5093: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5033: 5027: 5023: 4984: 4980: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4897: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4799: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4735: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4648: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4588: 4586: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4566: 4565: 4556: 4511: 4507: 4462: 4458: 4415: 4411: 4366: 4362: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4292: 4288: 4273: 4251: 4247: 4207: 4203: 4166: 4162: 4131:(7074): 112–7. 4117: 4113: 4106: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4034:on 4 April 2003 4031: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3975: 3974: 3938: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3704: 3703: 3696: 3651: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3577: 3573: 3542:(8): CD011737. 3528: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3345:on 9 March 2016 3337: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3233: 3229: 3224:on 4 June 2012. 3212: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3174:"Saturated Fat" 3172: 3171: 3167: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3080: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3062: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3030:D. Mark Hegsted 2960: 2903: 2827: 2138: 2117: 2111: 2109: 2102: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2071: 2069:Polyunsaturated 2064: 2062:Monounsaturated 2057: 2050: 2040: 2033: 2031:Dietary sources 2025:prostate cancer 2007: 2001: 1977:type 2 diabetes 1969: 1967:Type 2 diabetes 1961:thrombogenicity 1915: 1909: 1855: 1849: 1844: 1833: 1826: 1629:Butter, whipped 1484:Sunflower seeds 1300:Sausage, turkey 1286:Sausage, Polish 1216:Hot dog, turkey 782:Palm kernel oil 669: 663: 658: 639: 568:palm kernel oil 553: 547: 391:Palm kernel oil 299: 280:palm kernel oil 220:processed foods 169: 44:Unsaturated fat 17: 12: 11: 5: 7040: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 6999: 6998: 6986: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6944:4-Hexadecenoic 6940: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6921: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6902: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6850: 6843: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6825: 6819: 6813: 6807: 6800: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6705: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6640: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6507: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6492:Tetracontanoic 6489: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6447: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6266: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6246: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6223: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6171: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6133: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6049:Arachidic acid 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6015: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5986:Prostaglandins 5983: 5977: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5875: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5852: 5844: 5843: 5824:(5): 655–658. 5805: 5784:(3): 550–559. 5764: 5739: 5721: 5699: 5678: 5634: 5584: 5562: 5548: 5526: 5512:. Hong Kong's 5501: 5476: 5451: 5437:. Singapore's 5426: 5407:. Australia's 5396: 5370: 5342: 5316: 5298: 5284: 5266: 5244: 5222: 5204: 5182: 5175: 5149: 5131: 5109: 5087: 5065: 5043: 5021: 4978: 4929: 4907: 4885: 4863: 4841: 4819: 4782: 4760: 4743:Food Chemistry 4722: 4700: 4673: 4653:Food Chemistry 4636: 4614: 4597: 4574: 4554: 4505: 4456: 4409: 4360: 4311: 4304: 4286: 4271: 4245: 4201: 4180:(2): 187–195. 4160: 4111: 4104: 4086: 4067: 4045: 4013: 3989: 3932: 3920: 3876: 3851: 3823: 3811: 3789: 3767: 3737: 3719: 3694: 3638: 3606: 3571: 3519: 3489: 3463: 3445: 3434: 3408: 3382: 3356: 3330: 3308: 3271: 3250: 3227: 3205: 3194:on 9 June 2015 3179: 3165: 3151: 3129: 3107: 3100: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2902: 2899: 2863:United Kingdom 2826: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2635: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2493:(extra virgin) 2487: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2113: 2104: 2095: 2092: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2066: 2059: 2052: 2047: 2038:vegetable oils 2036:Properties of 2032: 2029: 2000: 1997: 1973:cohort studies 1968: 1965: 1908: 1905: 1877:, the British 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1790: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1660:Margarine, tub 1657: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1593:Pastry, Danish 1590: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1346: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1314:Pizza, sausage 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1118:Chicken breast 1115: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1076:Ground sirloin 1073: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039:Whipping cream 1035: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 990: 989: 986: 983: 980: 976: 975: 972: 969: 966: 962: 961: 958: 955: 952: 945: 944: 941: 938: 935: 929: 928: 926:Dairy products 922: 921: 918: 915: 912: 906: 905: 902: 899: 896: 890: 889: 886: 883: 880: 874: 873: 870: 867: 864: 858: 857: 854: 851: 848: 842: 841: 838: 835: 832: 826: 825: 822: 819: 816: 810: 809: 806: 803: 800: 794: 793: 790: 787: 784: 778: 777: 774: 771: 768: 762: 761: 758: 755: 752: 750:Cottonseed oil 746: 745: 742: 739: 736: 730: 729: 726: 723: 720: 714: 713: 710: 707: 704: 698: 697: 694: 691: 688: 682: 681: 673: 672: 666: 665: 660: 655: 652: 638: 637: 630: 623: 615: 614: 613: 599: 585: 575: 549:Main article: 546: 543: 540: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 521: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 502: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 483: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 463: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 444: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 425: 424: 421: 418: 415: 412: 406: 405: 402: 399: 396: 393: 387: 386: 383: 380: 377: 374: 368: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 298: 295: 256:dairy products 171: 170: 168: 167: 160: 153: 145: 142: 141: 140: 139: 134: 133: 132: 119: 118: 114: 113: 112: 111: 106: 101: 100: 99: 94: 89: 84: 66: 65: 61: 60: 59: 58: 57: 56: 51: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7039: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 6997: 6987: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6957: 6954: 6951: 6948: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6907: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6895: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6867: 6864: 6861: 6858: 6854: 6851: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6820: 6817: 6814: 6811: 6808: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6783: 6780: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6759: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6744: 6741: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6728: 6725: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6691: 6688: 6685: 6682: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6662:β-Eleostearic 6660: 6657: 6656:α-Eleostearic 6654: 6651: 6648: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6569: 6566: 6563: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6535:Laurolinoleic 6533: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6521: 6518: 6515: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6244: 6239: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6167:Sphingolipids 6164: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6129:Phospholipids 6126: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6077:Monoglyceride 6075: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6039:Palmitic acid 6037: 6035: 6034:Myristic acid 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6019:Caprylic acid 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6008: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5898:Saturated fat 5895: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5873: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5801: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5768: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5725: 5709: 5703: 5695: 5688: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5588: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5551: 5545: 5538: 5537: 5530: 5515: 5511: 5505: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5465: 5461: 5460:"Health Diet" 5455: 5440: 5436: 5430: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5400: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5359: 5352: 5346: 5330: 5329:Health Canada 5326: 5320: 5312: 5308: 5302: 5294: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5254: 5248: 5232: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5192: 5186: 5178: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5140:"Oil, peanut" 5135: 5119: 5113: 5097: 5091: 5075: 5069: 5053: 5047: 5039: 5038:veghealth.com 5032: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4917: 4911: 4895: 4889: 4873: 4867: 4851: 4845: 4829: 4823: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4770: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4710: 4704: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4640: 4624: 4618: 4607: 4601: 4584: 4578: 4569: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4525:(2): 96–109. 4524: 4520: 4516: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4380:(52): e2391. 4379: 4375: 4371: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4315: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4107: 4105:9780781794398 4101: 4097: 4090: 4079: 4078: 4071: 4055: 4054:"Cholesterol" 4049: 4030: 4023: 4017: 3999: 3993: 3985: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3929: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3836: 3830: 3828: 3820: 3815: 3799: 3793: 3777: 3771: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3665:(3): e1–e23. 3664: 3660: 3656: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3623: 3616: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3524: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3438: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3318: 3312: 3293: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3260: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3175: 3169: 3161: 3155: 3139: 3133: 3117: 3111: 3103: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3087: 3078: 3076: 3071: 3057: 3051: 3047: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2940:intersections 2936: 2934: 2933:myristic acid 2927: 2926:myristic acid 2923: 2918: 2912: 2911:myristic acid 2907: 2898: 2894: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2620:Rice bran oil 2618: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2070: 2063: 2056: 2044: 2039: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2015:breast cancer 2012: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1993:myristic acid 1990: 1986: 1982: 1981:palmitic acid 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1914: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1859:heart disease 1854: 1831: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1328:Pizza, cheese 1327: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1202:Hot dog, beef 1201: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1146:Turkey breast 1145: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 991: 987: 984: 981: 978: 977: 973: 970: 967: 965:Cheese, light 964: 963: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 946: 942: 939: 936: 934: 931: 930: 927: 923: 919: 916: 913: 911: 908: 907: 903: 900: 897: 895: 894:Sunflower oil 892: 891: 887: 884: 881: 879: 876: 875: 871: 868: 865: 863: 860: 859: 855: 852: 849: 847: 844: 843: 839: 836: 833: 831: 830:Rice bran oil 828: 827: 823: 820: 817: 815: 812: 811: 807: 804: 801: 799: 796: 795: 791: 788: 785: 783: 780: 779: 775: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 759: 756: 753: 751: 748: 747: 743: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 727: 724: 721: 719: 716: 715: 711: 708: 705: 703: 700: 699: 695: 692: 689: 687: 684: 683: 680: 679: 674: 667: 661: 656: 653: 649: 643: 636: 631: 629: 624: 622: 617: 616: 611: 607: 603: 600: 597: 593: 589: 588:Palmitic acid 586: 583: 579: 578:Myristic acid 576: 573: 569: 565: 561: 558: 557: 556: 552: 537: 534: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 518: 515: 512: 509: 507: 504: 503: 499: 496: 493: 490: 488: 485: 484: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 464: 460: 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6203:Sex steroids 6092:Triheptanoin 6087:Triglyceride 6054:Behenic acid 6044:Stearic acid 6001:Leukotrienes 5991:Prostacyclin 5922: 5897: 5893: 5821: 5817: 5808: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5755:. Retrieved 5751: 5742: 5733: 5724: 5712:. Retrieved 5702: 5681: 5654: 5650: 5637: 5605:(1): 82–96. 5602: 5598: 5587: 5579:the original 5565: 5553:. Retrieved 5535: 5529: 5519:24 September 5517:. Retrieved 5504: 5492:. Retrieved 5479: 5469:24 September 5467:. Retrieved 5454: 5444:24 September 5442:. Retrieved 5429: 5419:24 September 5417:. Retrieved 5399: 5389:24 September 5387:. Retrieved 5373: 5363:24 September 5361:. Retrieved 5345: 5335:24 September 5333:. Retrieved 5319: 5310: 5301: 5287: 5278: 5269: 5257:. Retrieved 5247: 5235:. Retrieved 5225: 5216: 5207: 5195:. Retrieved 5185: 5158: 5152: 5143: 5134: 5122:. Retrieved 5112: 5100:. Retrieved 5090: 5078:. Retrieved 5068: 5056:. Retrieved 5046: 5037: 5024: 4994:(2): 87–94. 4991: 4987: 4981: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4920:. Retrieved 4910: 4898:. Retrieved 4888: 4876:. Retrieved 4866: 4854:. Retrieved 4844: 4832:. Retrieved 4822: 4810:. Retrieved 4806: 4773:. Retrieved 4763: 4746: 4742: 4713:. Retrieved 4703: 4691:. 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Retrieved 3110: 3085: 3050: 3010:Iodine value 2980:Healthy diet 2948:single bonds 2937: 2930: 2895: 2883: 2879: 2860: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2637: 2629: 2562:hydrogenated 2329:hydrogenated 2019: 2008: 1985:stearic acid 1970: 1949:triglyceride 1942: 1938: 1927: 1919:dyslipidemia 1916: 1907:Dyslipidemia 1902: 1899: 1896: 1888: 1856: 1786: 1579:Cake, yellow 1516: 1452:Sesame seeds 1342: 1055: 925: 678:Cooking oils 676: 664:unsaturated 610:cocoa butter 602:Stearic acid 554: 525:Cocoa butter 365:Stearic acid 300: 297:Fat profiles 284: 213: 201:double bonds 189:single bonds 176: 174: 104:Triglyceride 38: 18: 7012:Fatty acids 6804:Palmitoleic 6773:Arachidonic 6737:γ-Linolenic 6644:Myristoleic 6583:α-Parinaric 6577:Stearidonic 6571:α-Linolenic 6523:Decadienoic 6462:Ceroplastic 6426:Nonacosylic 6366:Nonadecylic 6254:fatty acids 6193:Cholesterol 6152:Cardiolipin 6112:Trilinolein 6102:Tripalmitin 6097:Trimyristin 6082:Diglyceride 6029:Lauric acid 6024:Capric acid 6011:Fatty acids 5996:Thromboxane 5973:Eicosanoids 5757:30 December 5651:Circulation 5599:Circulation 5259:6 September 5237:6 September 5146:. usda.gov. 5124:6 September 5102:6 September 5080:6 September 5058:6 September 4922:6 September 4900:6 September 4878:6 September 4856:6 September 4834:6 September 4775:6 September 4715:6 September 4693:26 December 4629:6 September 4589:7 September 4060:28 February 3869:30 December 3659:Circulation 2952:sigma bonds 2404:14.3   2098:α-Linolenic 2076:Smoke point 2072:fatty acids 2065:fatty acids 2058:fatty acids 1989:lauric acid 1883:risk factor 1716:Chicken fat 1502:dry roasted 1420:dry roasted 1403:dry roasted 1386:dry roasted 1369:dry roasted 1352:dry roasted 910:Mustard oil 878:Soybean oil 718:Coconut oil 659:unsaturated 572:breast milk 564:coconut oil 560:Lauric acid 538:33.7–40.2% 506:Soybean oil 429:Ground beef 372:Coconut oil 350:Lauric acid 315:palm kernel 303:food groups 276:coconut oil 236:baked goods 222:like foods 216:unsaturated 109:Cholesterol 7006:Categories 6414:Carboceric 6396:Lignoceric 6390:Tricosylic 6330:Tridecylic 6306:Pelargonic 6107:Tristearin 6069:Glycerides 5894:Saturation 5714:1 November 5462:. India's 5197:22 January 5029:Melina V. 4666:15 January 4006:25 January 3349:16 January 3066:References 3025:Ancel Keys 2944:Octet Rule 2831:trans fats 2790:Walnut oil 2391:Grape seed 2324:Cottonseed 2291:Cottonseed 2159:Brazil nut 2049:Processing 1987:. Dietary 1911:See also: 1851:See also: 1702:Shortening 814:Peanut oil 535:24.5–33.7% 224:deep-fried 185:fatty acid 72:Fatty acid 64:Components 7022:Nutrition 6996:Chemistry 6822:Paullinic 6767:Sciadonic 6749:Pinolenic 6529:Lauroleic 6444:Lacceroic 6372:Arachidic 6318:Undecylic 6270:Propionic 6262:Saturated 5948:Trans fat 5878:Types of 5814:Zelman, K 4949:: 59–64. 4749:: 59–65. 3970:260103619 3915:220852791 3512:14 August 3482:24 August 3264:7 January 2995:Junk food 2990:Fast food 2881:studies. 2794:unrefined 2757:Sunflower 2482:very high 2425:Hemp seed 2416:very high 2055:Saturated 2051:treatment 1744:Goose fat 1644:Margarine 1435:Flaxseeds 1384:Macadamia 1090:Pork chop 951:, regular 933:Butterfat 766:Olive oil 686:Algal oil 654:Saturated 264:ice cream 205:saturated 193:glyceride 130:Trans fat 24:Types of 6925:Gadoleic 6906:Sapienic 6875:Nervonic 6810:Vaccenic 6743:Calendic 6721:Linoleic 6517:Decenoic 6511:Octenoic 6432:Melissic 6420:Montanic 6354:Margaric 6348:Palmitic 6336:Myristic 6300:Caprylic 6294:Enanthic 6185:Steroids 6175:Ceramide 6117:Triolein 5941:Geometry 5838:21515106 5800:15321792 5673:15226228 5621:16785338 5016:18445488 5008:16019622 4973:27559299 4687:Aocs.org 4549:23872953 4500:44149964 4492:29848668 4451:34098509 4443:25692500 4404:26717389 4374:Medicine 4355:36056919 4281:16596799 4240:54293528 4232:18061058 4038:11 March 3962:37482268 3907:32723506 3681:28620111 3601:17936958 3566:32827219 3401:10 April 3375:10 April 2958:See also 2107:Linoleic 1951:levels, 1794:Egg yolk 1730:Beef fat 1468:Soybeans 1437:, ground 1024:Milk, 2% 798:Palm oil 734:Corn oil 592:palm oil 331:palmitic 311:myristic 252:schmaltz 209:hydrogen 197:glycerol 6984:Biology 6970:Portals 6863:Gondoic 6853:Elaidic 6816:Rumenic 6779:Adrenic 6672:Punicic 6450:Psyllic 6408:Cerotic 6384:Behenic 6360:Stearic 6288:Caproic 6282:Valeric 6276:Butyric 5887:General 5696:. 2005. 5555:4 April 4964:4988453 4812:5 March 4540:4091618 4395:5291630 4346:9776642 4196:9974397 4155:9006469 4146:2125600 3844:26 July 3557:8092457 3301:8 April 3247:: 7–17. 3198:13 June 3144:1 March 3122:1 March 3086:Biology 3005:ANGPTL4 2722:Soybean 2689:Soybean 2225:Coconut 2125:Avocado 1945:obesity 1811:Avocado 1646:, stick 1615:, stick 1500:Walnuts 1367:Cashews 1350:Almonds 1132:Chicken 1010:, whole 487:Cashews 337:acids. 335:stearic 319:coconut 232:sausage 97:Omega−9 92:Omega−7 87:Omega−6 82:Omega−3 7017:Lipids 6958:(20:1) 6952:(18:1) 6946:(16:1) 6927:(20:1) 6908:(16:1) 6889:(20:3) 6883:(20:2) 6877:(24:1) 6871:(22:1) 6869:Erucic 6865:(20:1) 6859:-18:1) 6849:(18:1) 6830:(20:3) 6824:(20:1) 6818:(18:2) 6812:(18:1) 6806:(16:1) 6787:(22:5) 6785:Osbond 6781:(22:4) 6775:(20:4) 6769:(20:3) 6763:(20:3) 6757:(20:2) 6751:(18:3) 6745:(18:3) 6739:(18:3) 6733:-18:2) 6723:(18:2) 6717:(18:1) 6711:(14:1) 6692:(20:4) 6686:(20:3) 6680:(18:3) 6674:(18:3) 6668:-18:3) 6658:(18:3) 6652:(16:1) 6646:(14:1) 6627:(24:6) 6621:(24:5) 6615:(22:6) 6609:(22:5) 6603:(20:5) 6597:(20:4) 6591:(20:3) 6585:(18:4) 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6440:(C31) 6434:(C30) 6428:(C29) 6422:(C28) 6416:(C27) 6410:(C26) 6404:(C25) 6398:(C24) 6392:(C23) 6386:(C22) 6380:(C21) 6374:(C20) 6368:(C19) 6362:(C18) 6356:(C17) 6350:(C16) 6344:(C15) 6338:(C14) 6332:(C13) 6326:(C12) 6320:(C11) 6314:(C10) 5923:Other 5690:(PDF) 5647:(PDF) 5625:S2CID 5540:(PDF) 5405:"Fat" 5354:(PDF) 5034:(PDF) 5012:S2CID 4660:(PDF) 4649:(PDF) 4609:(PDF) 4496:S2CID 4447:S2CID 4236:S2CID 4081:(PDF) 4032:(PDF) 4025:(PDF) 4001:(PDF) 3966:S2CID 3911:S2CID 3838:(PDF) 3782:3 May 3760:3 May 3712:3 May 3685:S2CID 3631:3 May 3625:(PDF) 3618:(PDF) 3295:(PDF) 3092:69–70 3042:Notes 2781:128:1 2713:7.3:1 2681:138:1 2605:0.318 2491:Olive 2449:2.5:1 2382:0.2:1 2350:1.5:1 2243:0.019 2183:419:1 2137:52–66 2118:ratio 2116:ω−6:3 2112:(ω−6) 2103:(ω−3) 2094:Total 2091:(ω−9) 2086:Oleic 2082:Total 1787:Other 1056:Meats 662:Poly- 657:Mono- 469:yolks 6887:Mead 6308:(C9) 6302:(C8) 6296:(C7) 6290:(C6) 6284:(C5) 6278:(C4) 6272:(C3) 5834:PMID 5796:PMID 5759:2022 5716:2021 5669:PMID 5617:PMID 5557:2016 5544:ISBN 5521:2019 5496:2021 5471:2019 5446:2019 5421:2019 5411:and 5391:2019 5365:2019 5337:2019 5261:2017 5239:2017 5199:2021 5171:ISBN 5126:2017 5104:2017 5082:2017 5060:2017 5004:PMID 4969:PMID 4924:2017 4902:2017 4880:2017 4858:2017 4836:2017 4814:2011 4777:2017 4717:2017 4695:2019 4668:2020 4631:2017 4591:2017 4545:PMID 4488:PMID 4439:PMID 4400:PMID 4351:PMID 4300:ISBN 4277:PMID 4267:ISBN 4228:PMID 4192:PMID 4151:PMID 4100:ISBN 4062:2011 4040:2011 4008:2011 3984:link 3958:PMID 3903:PMID 3871:2022 3846:2021 3806:2021 3784:2012 3762:2012 3714:2012 3677:PMID 3633:2012 3597:PMID 3562:PMID 3540:2020 3514:2014 3484:2009 3429:2010 3403:2017 3377:2017 3351:2015 3325:2013 3303:2017 3266:2019 3200:2015 3146:2014 3124:2014 3096:ISBN 2861:The 2812:52.9 2809:10.4 2806:63.3 2803:22.2 2800:22.8 2778:20.5 2775:0.16 2772:20.7 2769:62.9 2766:63.4 2763:8.99 2746:34.9 2740:37.6 2737:42.5 2734:43.0 2731:14.9 2704:57.7 2701:22.6 2698:22.8 2695:15.6 2678:41.3 2672:41.7 2669:39.3 2666:39.7 2663:14.2 2645:34.4 2638:36.6 2634:38.4 2630:38.4 2608:19.6 2602:19.9 2599:55.4 2596:57.1 2593:16.2 2565:88.2 2558:Palm 2534:37.0 2531:49.3 2525:Palm 2516:14:1 2507:10.5 2504:71.3 2501:73.0 2498:13.8 2479:12.8 2473:12.8 2470:75.2 2467:75.2 2446:54.0 2443:22.0 2440:82.0 2413:74.7 2410:0.15 2407:74.9 2401:14.8 2398:10.4 2373:67.8 2367:18.4 2333:93.6 2315:54:1 2306:51.9 2300:17.8 2297:25.9 2282:58:1 2273:54.7 2270:27.3 2267:27.6 2264:12.9 2258:Corn 2249:88:1 2246:1.68 2231:82.5 2213:18.6 2207:28.1 2204:61.8 2201:63.3 2180:41.9 2174:42.0 2171:31.3 2168:32.7 2165:24.8 2147:12.5 2141:13.5 2134:70.6 2131:11.6 2110:acid 2101:acid 2089:acid 2046:Type 1991:and 1796:fat 1688:Lard 1343:Nuts 1062:Beef 1008:Milk 651:Food 634:edit 627:talk 620:view 608:and 606:meat 596:meat 594:and 582:milk 532:0–4% 481:10% 475:0.3% 442:15% 423:13% 346:Food 333:and 327:nuts 323:eggs 309:and 278:and 270:and 248:lard 230:and 30:food 26:fats 5932:Oil 5927:Fat 5826:doi 5822:111 5786:doi 5659:doi 5655:109 5607:doi 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Index

fats
food
Saturated fat
Unsaturated fat
Monounsaturated fat
Polyunsaturated fat
Fatty acid
Essential fatty acid
Omega−3
Omega−6
Omega−7
Omega−9
Triglyceride
Cholesterol
Fat hydrogenation
Trans fat
Fat interesterification
v
t
e
fat
fatty acid
single bonds
glyceride
glycerol
double bonds
saturated
hydrogen
unsaturated
processed foods

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