521:
341:
93:
107:
1004:
44:
1067:
64:
953:
2917:
1267:-serine, sometimes combined with glycine. Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, as well as for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial
815:
1840:
D-Serine is more potent than glycine as a coagonist at the NMDA receptor, has a regional distribution in the brain that is similar to that of NMDA receptors and appears to be more closely associated with synaptic NMDA receptors than glycine (which is more closely associated with non-synaptic NMDA
1262:
These enzyme defects lead to severe neurological symptoms such as congenital microcephaly and severe psychomotor retardation and in addition, in patients with 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency to intractable seizures. These symptoms respond to a variable degree to treatment with
5794:
7399:
5415:
5734:
7387:
1901:
D-Serine is functionally a more potent activator of synaptic NMDARs than glycine, and mounting evidence suggests that it serves as the major NMDAR co-agonist in limbic brain regions implicated in neuropsychiatric
7246:
7639:
1256:
5290:
4996:
4416:
1251:
1275:
7395:
7383:
7241:
1294:-serine as a non-essential amino acid has come to be considered as conditional, since vertebrates such as humans cannot always synthesize optimal quantities over entire lifespans. Safety of
5544:
4725:
1268:
4745:
7968:
1755:
Liu Y, Hill RH, Arhem P, von Euler G (2001). "NMDA and glycine regulate the affinity of the Mg2+-block site in NR1-1a/NR2A NMDA receptor channels expressed in
Xenopus oocytes".
2671:
Madeira C, Lourenco MV, Vargas-Lopes C, Suemoto CK, Brandão CO, Reis T, Leite RE, Laks J, Jacob-Filho W, Pasqualucci CA, Grinberg LT, Ferreira ST, Panizzutti R (May 5, 2015).
4779:
8215:
7391:
3230:
7561:
5515:
6839:
8145:
5661:
3354:
5476:
1173:-serine is a more potent agonist at the NMDAR glycine site than glycine itself. However, D-serine has been shown to work as an antagonist/inverse co-agonist of
8155:
7471:
7355:
7281:
6742:
4718:
1916:"Triheteromeric N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors differentiate synaptic inputs onto pyramidal neurons in somatosensory cortex: involvement of the GluN3A subunit"
7345:
6776:
7775:
7379:
7350:
5173:
2292:
Tabatabaie L, Klomp LW, Berger R, de Koning TJ (March 2010). "L-Serine synthesis in the central nervous system: a review on serine deficiency disorders".
8423:
7961:
7236:
7231:
6735:
2873:
2081:
Takarada T, Hinoi E, Takahata Y, Yoneda Y (May 2008). "Serine racemase suppresses chondrogenic differentiation in cartilage in a Sox9-dependent manner".
802:
amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the
7370:
8433:
8029:
7934:
7700:
4711:
3223:
1665:
7051:
6058:
5183:
1698:
1302:, patients (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01835782), but treatment of ALS symptoms has yet to be shown. A 2011 meta-analysis found adjunctive
7335:
8024:
7954:
7537:
7533:
7529:
7521:
5500:
1662:
218:
8110:
8059:
8054:
7830:
7825:
7815:
6643:
5894:
5666:
5485:
8165:
8100:
8034:
7780:
6412:
6397:
5929:
5799:
5759:
5102:
3216:
574:
8342:
8265:
8250:
8220:
8175:
8140:
8135:
8074:
8069:
7923:
7883:
7765:
7657:
7291:
7144:
6961:
6917:
6648:
6628:
6623:
6580:
6407:
6377:
6068:
5966:
5939:
5889:
5856:
5836:
5831:
5774:
5769:
5754:
5744:
5724:
5719:
5310:
5270:
5218:
4956:
4891:
4881:
4876:
3999:
1246:
2396:"The non-protein amino acid BMAA is misincorporated into human proteins in place of L-serine causing protein misfolding and aggregation"
8260:
8225:
8200:
8195:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8064:
7750:
7649:
7320:
7128:
5924:
5909:
5681:
5676:
5564:
2453:
Levine TD, Miller RG, Bradley WG, Moore DH, Saperstein DS, Flynn LE, Katz JS, Forshew DA, Metcalf JS, Banack SA, Cox PA (2017-01-02).
8255:
8245:
8235:
8160:
8115:
7888:
7405:
7023:
6769:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
5961:
5381:
4856:
2343:
Metcalf JS, Dunlop RA, Powell JT, Banack SA, Cox PA (2017). "L-Serine: a
Naturally-Occurring Amino Acid with Therapeutic Potential".
8380:
8190:
8185:
1431:
2169:
Ghasemi M, Rezania F, Lewin J, Moore KP, Mani AR (Jun 2010). "D-Serine modulates neurogenic relaxation in rat corpus cavernosum".
8270:
8230:
7745:
5051:
2866:
2614:"Multiple risk pathways for schizophrenia converge in serine racemase knockout mice, a mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction"
8044:
5944:
5779:
5193:
5026:
4961:
3166:
2510:
Singh SP, Singh V (Oct 2011). "Meta-analysis of the efficacy of adjunctive NMDA receptor modulators in chronic schizophrenia".
2249:
1195:
amino acid discovered to naturally exist in humans, present as a signaling molecule in the brain, soon after the discovery of
5826:
3425:
1593:
1328:
of probable AD patients. D-serine, which is made in the brain, has been shown to work as an antagonist/inverse co-agonist of
378:
206:
6762:
4117:
3738:
3329:
1855:"D-Serine as the gatekeeper of NMDA receptor activity: implications for the pharmacologic management of anxiety disorders"
3334:
8498:
8483:
6663:
5490:
2859:
2204:
Kawai M, Sekine-Hayakawa Y, Okiyama A, Ninomiya Y (Dec 2012). "Gustatory sensation of L- and D-amino acids in humans".
1682:
1663:
Karlheinz Drauz, Ian
Grayson, Axel Kleemann, Hans-Peter Krimmer, Wolfgang Leuchtenberger, Christoph Weckbecker (2006).
7916:
1647:
1411:
535:
1169:-serine must bind to it; in addition a pore blocker must not be bound (e.g. Mg or Zn). Some research has shown that
8084:
2846:
1279:
1298:-serine has been demonstrated in an FDA-approved human phase I clinical trial with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,
1214:-serine plays a signaling role in peripheral tissues and organs such as cartilage, kidney, and corpus cavernosum.
728:
8513:
8493:
8488:
3992:
3560:
2720:
Beesley S, Sullenberger T, Crotty K, Ailani R, D'Orio C, Evans K, Ogunkunle EO, Roper MG, Kumar SS (2020-10-02).
960:
8008:
5648:
1206:
amino acids been discovered in humans sooner, the glycine site on the NMDA receptor might instead be named the
896:
1509:
8311:
7686:
5396:
4734:
4086:
3589:
1481:
8458:
7909:
7715:
6728:
4436:
4411:
4051:
3719:
3156:
1971:"The t-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor: Making the case for d-Serine to be considered its inverse co-agonist"
1306:
to have a medium effect size for negative and total symptoms of schizophrenia. There also is evidence that
460:
336:
6023:
3897:
3430:
1071:
498:
260:
8478:
5816:
3985:
1692:
911:
690:
7557:
2785:
Wang J, Serratrice N, Lee CJ, François F, Sweedler JV, Puel JL, Mothet JP, Ruel J (17 December 2021).
949:
these enzymes are encoded by the genes serA (EC 1.1.1.95), serC (EC 2.6.1.52), and serB (EC 3.1.3.3).
63:
7991:
4504:
4191:
4122:
3786:
3694:
3420:
3344:
2940:
2018:
Mothet JP, Parent AT, Wolosker H, Brady RO, Linden DJ, Ferris CD, Rogawski MA, Snyder SH (Apr 2000).
1075:
930:
348:
3369:
516:
5449:
4441:
3907:
3714:
3570:
3349:
2882:
1274:
Besides disruption of serine biosynthesis, its transport may also become disrupted. One example is
988:
968:
934:
915:
900:
888:
842:
830:
3773:
8508:
8406:
8370:
8210:
6865:
6796:
6678:
4554:
4446:
4112:
3753:
3709:
3537:
3310:
3208:
1585:
1578:
1342:-Serine has been theorized as a potential treatment for sensorineural hearing disorders such as
7565:
7158:
6994:
6834:
6553:
6028:
5821:
5633:
5624:
4559:
4426:
4406:
4371:
4271:
3962:
3841:
3818:
3656:
3565:
3492:
3397:
3285:
3245:
3176:
1370:
1333:
1321:
3808:
2612:
Balu DT, Li Y, Puhl MD, Benneyworth MA, Basu AC, Takagi S, Bolshakov VY, Coyle JT (Jun 2013).
971:. However, that reaction is reversible, and will convert excess glycine to serine. SHMT is a
43:
8039:
7997:
7845:
7732:
7300:
7206:
6802:
6548:
4549:
4466:
4081:
3778:
3454:
3171:
3161:
130:
1453:"Nomenclature and symbolism for amino acids and peptides (IUPAC-IUB Recommendations 1983)",
7873:
7573:
7118:
7084:
5671:
5386:
5127:
4703:
4476:
4451:
4071:
4066:
3253:
3242:
3181:
2733:
2625:
2407:
2035:
1191:-serine was thought to exist only in bacteria until relatively recently; it was the second
486:
478:
470:
297:
99:
857:
protein, a particularly rich source, in 1865 by Emil Cramer. Its name is derived from the
281:
8:
7553:
7072:
6957:
6033:
5439:
4866:
4764:
3954:
3743:
3435:
3415:
2985:
1792:"D-Serine: Potential Therapeutic Agent and/or Biomarker in Schizophrenia and Depression?"
1716:
1325:
972:
907:
289:
181:
173:
154:
113:
7946:
6600:
2737:
2629:
2411:
2247:
de Koning TJ (April 2006). "Treatment with amino acids in serine deficiency disorders".
2039:
1790:
MacKay MA, Kravtsenyuk M, Thomas R, Mitchell ND, Dursun SM, Baker GB (6 February 2019).
1427:
1230:-Serine is sweet with an additional minor sour taste at medium and high concentrations.
967:(retro-aldol cleavage) from serine, transferring the resulting formalddehyde synthon to
520:
340:
239:
165:
8428:
8357:
8347:
7983:
7721:
6973:
6788:
5976:
5971:
5811:
5655:
4737:
4456:
4297:
4276:
4225:
3364:
2932:
2821:
2786:
2762:
2721:
2697:
2672:
2648:
2613:
2589:
2554:
2535:
2492:
2430:
2395:
2376:
2274:
2229:
2146:
2130:-methyl-D-aspartate receptors contribute to sensory activation in the rat renal pelvis"
2125:
2106:
1951:
1931:
1887:
1854:
1826:
1791:
880:
713:
2851:
2673:"D-Serine levels in Alzheimer's disease: implications for novel biomarker development"
1768:
7330:
7210:
7012:
6558:
5464:
5360:
5178:
5071:
4746:
4266:
4240:
3902:
3860:
3196:
3018:
2826:
2808:
2767:
2749:
2702:
2653:
2594:
2576:
2539:
2527:
2523:
2484:
2476:
2435:
2368:
2360:
2311:
2266:
2221:
2186:
2151:
2098:
2063:
2058:
2019:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1970:
1943:
1935:
1892:
1874:
1831:
1813:
1772:
1729:
1678:
1643:
1636:
1609:
1589:
1407:
799:
2380:
2278:
2233:
2110:
1955:
8300:
7977:
7591:
7420:
6988:
6984:
6813:
6785:
6113:
5430:
5376:
5154:
5092:
4769:
4670:
4627:
4421:
4008:
3410:
3290:
2816:
2798:
2757:
2741:
2692:
2684:
2643:
2633:
2584:
2566:
2519:
2496:
2466:
2425:
2415:
2352:
2303:
2258:
2213:
2178:
2141:
2090:
2053:
2043:
1982:
1927:
1882:
1866:
1821:
1803:
1764:
1737:
1670:
1529:
1462:
1238:
Serine deficiency disorders are rare defects in the biosynthesis of the amino acid
944:
679:
606:
92:
51:
2471:
2454:
1674:
449:
8503:
7481:
7325:
7296:
7166:
7028:
7018:
6980:
6613:
6563:
6323:
6243:
6208:
6108:
5549:
5459:
5228:
4804:
4622:
3704:
3512:
2420:
2294:
1130:
995:
922:
433:
2555:"L-serine: a neglected amino acid with a potential therapeutic role in diabetes"
2307:
1720:
1547:
1316:-Serine is being studied in rodents as a potential treatment for schizophrenia.
441:
106:
7980:
7868:
7770:
7440:
7360:
7194:
6969:
6927:
6523:
6503:
6268:
6203:
6123:
6103:
5899:
5371:
5300:
5087:
5006:
4684:
4302:
4245:
4210:
4076:
3699:
3339:
3300:
3118:
2745:
2618:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2028:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1870:
1110:
in bacteria. It is also the precursor to numerous other metabolites, including
776:
722:
6754:
2803:
2356:
2262:
2217:
2182:
1533:
8472:
8413:
7599:
7509:
7456:
7425:
7178:
7098:
7057:
7008:
6965:
6937:
6693:
6688:
6668:
6528:
6493:
6348:
6343:
6333:
6308:
6303:
6238:
6198:
6158:
5739:
5444:
5356:
5295:
5240:
5208:
5067:
5001:
4821:
4794:
4675:
4602:
4317:
4046:
3884:
3851:
3813:
3671:
3555:
3191:
3112:
3106:
3008:
2812:
2753:
2580:
2480:
2364:
1996:
1939:
1878:
1817:
1808:
1741:
1174:
1162:
1142:
795:
668:
329:
2638:
1496:"Ich werde den in Frage stehenden Körper unter dem Namen Serin beschreiben."
1466:
7633:
7577:
7569:
7525:
7493:
7103:
7080:
6483:
6313:
6283:
6188:
6153:
6088:
6073:
5851:
5352:
5325:
5280:
5077:
5063:
5031:
4981:
4936:
4656:
4636:
4491:
4358:
4281:
4183:
3922:
3800:
3676:
3507:
3440:
3305:
3295:
3275:
2906:
2830:
2771:
2706:
2657:
2598:
2531:
2488:
2439:
2372:
2315:
2270:
2225:
2190:
2155:
2102:
2067:
2048:
2004:
1947:
1915:
1896:
1835:
1776:
1712:
1343:
1226:-serine is an off-white crystalline powder with a very faint musty aroma.
1111:
1087:
838:
780:
6829:
4143:
3359:
863:
8443:
7878:
7795:
7661:
7603:
7595:
7485:
7340:
7261:
7251:
7198:
7148:
7047:
7032:
7004:
6875:
6673:
6658:
6638:
6608:
6538:
6422:
6402:
6392:
6387:
6367:
6328:
6278:
6273:
6258:
6248:
6213:
6163:
6133:
6128:
6118:
6038:
5981:
5934:
5866:
5841:
5789:
5704:
5590:
5528:
5505:
5213:
5198:
5144:
5132:
4946:
4921:
4809:
4784:
4481:
4153:
4056:
3652:
3150:
3083:
1622:
1095:
1003:
846:
756:
2291:
1118:, which is the principal donor of one-carbon fragments in biosynthesis.
1066:
918:
903:
318:
8334:
8150:
7835:
7810:
7790:
7785:
7760:
7665:
7653:
7625:
7543:
7517:
7513:
7499:
7489:
7460:
7448:
7444:
7415:
7410:
7365:
7304:
7286:
7271:
7190:
7174:
7170:
7152:
7136:
7088:
7076:
7062:
6999:
6922:
6880:
6711:
6683:
6633:
6618:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6518:
6488:
6478:
6417:
6353:
6338:
6318:
6263:
6233:
6218:
6193:
6178:
6143:
6138:
6098:
6093:
6063:
6048:
6008:
5986:
5949:
5919:
5904:
5884:
5642:
5612:
5595:
5585:
5340:
5330:
5305:
5260:
5137:
5122:
5117:
5097:
5056:
5046:
5036:
5016:
5011:
4971:
4966:
4926:
4916:
4901:
4841:
4816:
4523:
4431:
4312:
4307:
4289:
4235:
4016:
3932:
3763:
3748:
3729:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3517:
3405:
3384:
3257:
3239:
3186:
3027:
3003:
2960:
2949:
2688:
1364:
1276:
spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly
1138:
1107:
1083:
937:
884:
760:
752:
637:
588:
367:
349:
271:
213:
75:
4471:
2571:
2094:
952:
8280:
8205:
8180:
8105:
7863:
7820:
7805:
7800:
7671:
7615:
7611:
7504:
7435:
7375:
7315:
7310:
7276:
7186:
7182:
7123:
7113:
7092:
7038:
6942:
6909:
6508:
6498:
6456:
6382:
6372:
6298:
6293:
6253:
6228:
6223:
6173:
6148:
6078:
6053:
6043:
6018:
6013:
6003:
5879:
5764:
5749:
5729:
5714:
5709:
5600:
5425:
5420:
5366:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5203:
5112:
5107:
5082:
4991:
4931:
4911:
4906:
4896:
4886:
4861:
4789:
4751:
Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
4540:
4344:
4250:
4163:
3832:
3648:
3613:
3546:
3532:
3077:
3042:
3032:
2993:
2722:"D-serine mitigates cell loss associated with temporal lobe epilepsy"
1359:
1303:
1196:
1146:
876:
3977:
1324:(AD) diagnosis, due to a relatively high concentration of it in the
794:
form under biological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a
721:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
20:
8438:
8375:
8324:
8170:
7858:
7644:
7629:
7619:
7607:
7476:
7466:
7452:
7266:
7132:
7108:
7067:
6932:
6653:
6451:
6358:
6183:
6168:
6083:
5998:
5914:
5804:
5686:
5617:
5607:
5469:
5335:
5233:
5041:
4461:
4325:
4230:
4041:
3888:
3875:
3822:
3644:
3608:
3599:
3503:
3464:
3280:
3130:
3124:
3071:
2998:
2916:
2787:"Physiopathological Relevance of D-Serine in the Mammalian Cochlea"
2203:
1347:
1320:-Serine also has been described as a potential biomarker for early
1103:
407:
399:
308:
2670:
845:
to the human diet, since it is synthesized in the body from other
217:
205:
7755:
7587:
7256:
7202:
7140:
7043:
6947:
6893:
6885:
6870:
6849:
6844:
6697:
6543:
6533:
6513:
6468:
5954:
5569:
5554:
5520:
5454:
5345:
5223:
4941:
4871:
4851:
4799:
4661:
4577:
4173:
4158:
4148:
4138:
4091:
4061:
3580:
3499:
3478:
3469:
3388:
3374:
3320:
3238:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2954:
2901:
2896:
1269:
International
Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders
1158:
1154:
1099:
1091:
1011:
964:
850:
658:
419:
1430:. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. 1983.
1278:, a disease caused by mutations that affect the function of the
8294:
7583:
6573:
6473:
5846:
5559:
4831:
4826:
3685:
3266:
3065:
2944:
2719:
2455:"Phase I clinical trial of safety of L-serine for ALS patients"
1789:
1115:
814:
803:
755:
that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-
250:
2020:"D-Serine is an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of the
7216:
6568:
5993:
5784:
5510:
5320:
4846:
4836:
4390:
4196:
2459:
Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration
1498:(I will describe the body in question by the name "serine".)
1332:-NMDA receptors mitigating neuron loss in an animal model of
858:
544:
InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1
229:
194:
24:
4733:
1165:. For the receptor to open, glutamate and either glycine or
503:
7676:
7548:
7221:
6461:
6288:
5874:
5861:
5495:
5315:
5285:
5275:
5188:
5021:
4986:
4976:
4774:
2080:
1406:(62nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. C-512.
987:-serine is produced from glycine and methanol catalyzed by
892:
854:
389:
2329:
7976:
7162:
5699:
2784:
2342:
2017:
1428:"Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides"
1299:
8085:
2452:
2168:
1242:-serine. At present three disorders have been reported:
2881:
1180:
through the glycine binding site on the GluN3 subunit.
1098:. It is the precursor to several amino acids including
8009:
5991:
Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):
2393:
1310:‐serine could acquire a therapeutic role in diabetes.
994:
Racemic serine can be prepared in the laboratory from
8312:
7687:
5397:
2611:
1754:
1520:-glucosaminic acid, and other oxyamino acids].
377:
1635:
1633:
1577:
1145:, making them able to open if they then also bind
929:-phosphoserine) which is hydrolyzed to serine by
825:-serine (right) in zwitterionic form at neutral pH
4595:
2394:Dunlop RA, Cox PA, Banack SA, Rodgers KJ (2013).
2336:
1210:-serine site. Apart from central nervous system,
673:246 °C (475 °F; 519 K) decomposes
8470:
2546:
1584:(3rd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. p.
448:
440:
432:
6784:
4615:
4539:
4399:
1285:
867:. Serine's structure was established in 1902.
554:D/L: Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
180:
172:
164:
5649:
5634:
3477:
2123:
1666:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1642:(3rd ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman.
1522:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1141:), serves as a neuromodulator by coactivating
7962:
7846:
7733:
6770:
4719:
3993:
3224:
2867:
2124:Ma MC, Huang HS, Chen YS, Lee SH (Nov 2008).
1846:
1507:
561:D: Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UWTATZPHSA-N
2552:
2246:
1968:
1852:
1697:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1571:
1569:
1514:-Glucosaminsäure und anderer Oxyaminosäuren"
1783:
1247:3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency
875:The biosynthesis of serine starts with the
8358:
7969:
7955:
6777:
6763:
6736:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
4726:
4712:
4532:
4000:
3986:
3231:
3217:
2874:
2860:
2509:
1913:
1711:
978:
963:(SMHT) also catalyzes the biosynthesis of
519:
339:
296:
288:
280:
6743:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
4649:
2820:
2802:
2778:
2761:
2696:
2647:
2637:
2588:
2570:
2470:
2429:
2419:
2145:
2057:
2047:
1986:
1886:
1825:
1807:
1566:
1257:Phosphoserine aminotransferase deficiency
485:
477:
469:
8090:Tooltip Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor
7935:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
6814:
5155:
1634:Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM (2000).
1233:
1065:
951:
813:
1484:[On the constituents of silk].
1010:Hydrogenation of serine gives the diol
515:
317:
8471:
8424:3-Ketosphinganine (dehydrosphingosine)
8014:Tooltip Lysophosphatidic acid receptor
6466:Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related:
2250:Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
1575:
1479:
1252:3-phosphoserine phosphatase deficiency
1217:
1161:site (NR1) of canonical diheteromeric
1056:
330:
8317:Tooltip Serine C-palmitoyltransferase
8146:Dihydro-S1P (sphinganine 1-phosphate)
7950:
7692:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
6758:
5622:Other positive allosteric modulators:
5402:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
4707:
4007:
3981:
3426:2-Amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde
3212:
2855:
1404:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
1401:
841:appears naturally in proteins. It is
775:form under biological conditions), a
547:Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N
259:
238:
7384:4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
7242:4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine
3739:2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
7207:trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
6363:Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists:
2883:Encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids
2197:
1853:Wolosker H, Balu DT (9 June 2020).
1482:"Ueber die Bestandtheile der Seide"
1434:from the original on 9 October 2008
1129:-Serine, synthesized in neurons by
910:(transamination) of this ketone by
422:
406:
398:
13:
7811:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
4927:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
2791:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
2713:
2147:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114116
1969:Beesley S, Kumar SS (2023-11-01).
1932:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.020
105:
91:
62:
42:
14:
8525:
2840:
1074:catalyzes the upper reaction and
853:. Serine was first obtained from
806:UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.
8429:Dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine)
2915:
2524:10.2165/11586650-000000000-00000
1988:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109654
1914:Pilli J, Kumar SS (2012-10-11).
1552:The Columbia Encyclopedia 6th ed
1392:, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959.
1280:neutral amino acid transporter A
1070:Cysteine synthesis from serine.
1002:
624:
618:
6403:Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657)
5350:Negative allosteric modulators:
5238:Positive allosteric modulators:
5061:Negative allosteric modulators:
4814:Positive allosteric modulators:
3561:Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid
2664:
2605:
2503:
2446:
2387:
2322:
2285:
2240:
2162:
2117:
2074:
2011:
1962:
1907:
1748:
1705:
1656:
1627:
1615:
1086:in that it participates in the
961:Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
870:
725:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
142:2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
23:. For the toxic substance, see
19:For the French wine grape, see
5639:Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone
4947:Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632)
4842:Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448)
4246:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
3375:β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA
3330:β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
2797:. Frontiers Media SA: 733004.
2083:Journal of Cellular Physiology
1602:
1540:
1501:
1473:
1446:
1420:
1395:
1382:
897:phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
703:2.21 (carboxyl), 9.15 (amino)
627:
612:
1:
8459:Receptor/signaling modulators
7910:Receptor/signaling modulators
7851:Tooltip Glycine transporter 2
7761:Bitopertin (RG1678/RO4917838)
7738:Tooltip Glycine transporter 1
6729:Receptor/signaling modulators
6578:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
5142:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
4735:Ionotropic glutamate receptor
3590:1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
3335:β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA
2472:10.1080/21678421.2016.1221971
2024:-methyl-D-aspartate receptor"
1769:10.1016/S0024-3205(01)00975-4
1675:10.1002/14356007.a02_057.pub2
1516:[Synthesis of serine, of
1486:Journal für praktische Chemie
1390:Data for Biochemical Research
1376:
1078:catalyzes the lower reaction.
809:
7928:receptor positive modulators
3720:2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid
2553:Holm LJ, Buschard K (2019).
2421:10.1371/journal.pone.0075376
1508:Fischer E, Leuchs H (1902).
1286:Research for therapeutic use
1121:
1061:
829:This compound is one of the
7:
6427:NR2A-selective antagonists:
5959:Polyamine site antagonists:
5184:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
4770:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
3898:4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
3431:2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde
2308:10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.10.012
1494:Serine is named on p. 93:
1353:
1072:Cystathionine beta synthase
798:group, classifying it as a
87:
38:
10:
8530:
8363:Tooltip Sphingosine kinase
6966:chlorobutanol (chloretone)
4867:Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
3774:generation of homocysteine
2941:Branched-chain amino acids
2746:10.1038/s41467-020-18757-2
1871:10.1038/s41398-020-00870-x
1638:Principles of Biochemistry
1510:"Synthese des Serins, der
1183:
912:phosphoserine transaminase
67:Serine at physiological pH
18:
8499:Glycine receptor agonists
8484:Proteinogenic amino acids
8452:
8393:
8356:
8333:
8310:
8293:
8083:
8007:
7990:
7901:
7844:
7731:
7714:
7685:
7081:pregnenolone (eltanolone)
7058:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
6812:
6795:
6720:
5809:Glycine site antagonists:
5395:
5153:
4744:
4588:
4576:
4522:
4499:
4490:
4389:
4366:
4357:
4337:
4259:
4218:
4209:
4182:
4131:
4105:
4052:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
4047:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
4034:
4025:
4015:
3953:
3946:
3920:
3883:
3873:
3850:
3831:
3762:
3728:
3684:
3669:
3637:
3598:
3579:
3545:
3530:
3462:
3453:
3421:3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid
3383:
3319:
3265:
3252:
3144:
3092:
3051:
3017:
2984:
2931:
2924:
2913:
2889:
2804:10.3389/fncel.2021.733004
2357:10.1007/s12640-017-9814-x
2263:10.1007/s10545-006-0269-0
2218:10.1007/s00726-012-1315-x
2183:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.007
1534:10.1002/cber.190203503213
1076:cystathionine gamma-lyase
931:phosphoserine phosphatase
831:proteinogenic amino acids
719:
712:
707:
653:white crystals or powder
599:
570:
531:
147:
139:
129:
124:
86:
37:
7917:GABA receptor modulators
6819:Tooltip Glycine receptor
5697:Competitive antagonists:
5605:Polyamine site agonists:
5591:Neboglamine (nebostinel)
5160:Tooltip Kainate receptor
4236:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
3908:4-Maleylacetoacetic acid
3715:3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
3571:Glutamate-1-semialdehyde
2677:Translational Psychiatry
2171:Biochemical Pharmacology
1859:Translational Psychiatry
1809:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00025
1742:10.15227/orgsyn.020.0081
1388:Dawson, R.M.C., et al.,
989:hydroxymethyltransferase
975:(PLP) dependent enzyme.
969:5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate
889:3-phosphohydroxypyruvate
708:Supplementary data page
663:1.603 g/cm (22 °C)
7562:3β-androsterone sulfate
7558:3α-androsterone sulfate
6679:Pentamidine isethionate
6423:Traxoprodil (CP-101606)
5662:Epipregnanolone sulfate
3754:2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA
3710:3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA
3246:metabolic intermediates
2639:10.1073/pnas.1304308110
1796:Frontiers in Psychiatry
1669:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1467:10.1351/pac198456050595
1082:Serine is important in
979:Synthesis and reactions
8514:Inhibitory amino acids
8494:NMDA receptor agonists
8489:Glucogenic amino acids
7806:ORG-25935 (SCH-900435)
6995:Alkylbenzene sulfonate
6709:Allosteric modulators:
6644:Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976)
6299:Pethidine (meperidine)
5920:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
5842:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
5506:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
5474:Glycine site agonists:
5306:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
5017:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
4902:Mibampator (LY-451395)
4671:Carbonyl sulfide (COS)
4272:N-Methylphenethylamine
3963:Cysteine sulfinic acid
3809:conversion to cysteine
3566:Formiminoglutamic acid
3493:3-Phosphoglyceric acid
3370:β-Methylglutaconyl-CoA
2345:Neurotoxicity Research
2049:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4926
1402:Weast RC, ed. (1981).
1371:Serine octamer cluster
1334:temporal lobe epilepsy
1290:The classification of
1079:
957:
883:(an intermediate from
826:
110:
96:
68:
48:
7879:Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
7179:diethyl ether (ether)
6378:CO-101244 (PD-174494)
6094:Delucemine (NPS-1506)
6044:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
4412:2-AGE (noladin ether)
3695:α-Ketoisovaleric acid
3350:β-Ketoisocaproic acid
3345:α-Ketoisocaproic acid
2726:Nature Communications
1234:Clinical significance
1069:
955:
817:
582:L: C((C(=O)O)N)O
109:
95:
66:
46:
8156:Fingolimod phosphate
7574:pregnenolone sulfate
7554:Neuroactive steroids
7512:constituents (e.g.,
7472:Cyanotriphenylborate
7433:Negative modulators:
7356:N,N-Dimethylmuscimol
7282:Cyanotriphenylborate
7119:Tetrahydrocannabinol
7085:pregnenolone acetate
7073:Neuroactive steroids
7046:constituents (e.g.,
6955:Positive modulators:
6398:Radiprodil (RGH-896)
6373:Buphenine (nylidrin)
5950:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
5765:Midafotel (d-CPPene)
5672:Pregnenolone sulfate
5596:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
5387:Pregnenolone sulfate
5128:Pregnenolone sulfate
4623:Carbon monoxide (CO)
3782:-Adenosyl methionine
3365:β-Methylcrotonyl-CoA
3355:β-Ketoisocaproyl-CoA
3311:β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA
1461:(5): 595–624, 1984,
1153:-serine is a potent
943:In bacteria such as
100:Ball-and-stick model
7566:deoxycorticosterone
7346:N-Methylbicuculline
5629:-Hydroxycholesterol
5440:Homoquinolinic acid
5413:Main site agonists:
5171:Main site agonists:
4765:5-Fluorowillardiine
4762:Main site agonists:
4628:Hydrogen sulfide (H
4482:Virodhamine (O-AEA)
3955:Cysteine metabolism
3744:2-Methylbutyryl-CoA
3436:2-Aminomuconic acid
3416:3-Hydroxykynurenine
2738:2020NatCo..11.4966B
2630:2013PNAS..110E2400B
2624:(26): E2400–E2409.
2412:2013PLoSO...875376D
2040:2000PNAS...97.4926M
1326:cerebrospinal fluid
1322:Alzheimer's disease
1218:Gustatory sensation
1057:Biological function
973:pyridoxal phosphate
956:Serine biosynthesis
908:Reductive amination
821:-Serine (left) and
680:Solubility in water
645: g·mol
114:Space-filling model
34:
7776:Glycyldodecylamide
7380:4-hydroxyquinoline
7351:N-Methylstrychnine
5977:Diethylenetriamine
5656:prasterone sulfate
5431:Homocysteic acid (
5174:5-Bromowillardiine
4685:Sulfur dioxide (SO
4596:Cholinergic system
4298:Phenylethanolamine
4277:N-Methyltryptamine
4241:NAS (normelatonin)
4028:inhibitory systems
4026:Major excitatory /
3842:α-Ketobutyric acid
3819:α-Ketobutyric acid
3657:γ-Glutamylcysteine
3401:′-Formylkynurenine
3286:α-Aminoadipic acid
3197:Dehydroamino acids
3157:Encoded (proteins)
3093:Negative charge (p
3052:Positive charge (p
2847:Serine MS Spectrum
2689:10.1038/tp.2015.52
2330:"Patient registry"
2126:"Mechanosensitive
1554:. encyclopedia.com
1080:
998:in several steps:
958:
881:3-phosphoglycerate
827:
729:Infobox references
714:Serine (data page)
591:: C((C(=O)))O
111:
97:
69:
49:
32:
8479:Alpha-Amino acids
8466:
8465:
8389:
8388:
8304:
8289:
8288:
8001:
7944:
7943:
7897:
7896:
7869:Ethanol (alcohol)
7771:Ethanol (alcohol)
7725:
7710:
7709:
7331:Isonipecotic acid
7237:2-Nitrostrychnine
7232:2-Aminostrychnine
7211:trichloroethylene
7013:sodium thiopental
6970:ethanol (alcohol)
6912:
6904:
6896:
6888:
6860:
6852:
6806:
6752:
6751:
6603:
6559:Trichloroethylene
6504:Ethanol (alcohol)
5869:
5812:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101)
5580:
5572:
5539:
5531:
5523:
5480:
5465:Tetrazolylglycine
5434:
5372:Ethanol (alcohol)
5361:sodium thiopental
5179:5-Iodowillardiine
5088:Ethanol (alcohol)
5072:sodium thiopental
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4645:
4644:
4637:Nitric oxide (NO)
4611:
4610:
4584:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4353:
4352:
4267:3-Iodothyronamine
4205:
4204:
4009:Neurotransmitters
3975:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3942:
3941:
3916:
3915:
3903:Homogentisic acid
3869:
3868:
3861:Methylmalonyl-CoA
3665:
3664:
3526:
3525:
3449:
3448:
3206:
3205:
3167:Non-proteinogenic
3140:
3139:
2572:10.1111/apm.12987
2177:(12): 1791–1796.
2095:10.1002/jcp.21310
1975:Neuropharmacology
1763:(16): 1817–1826.
1693:cite encyclopedia
1595:978-0-7167-1843-7
1576:Stryer L (1988).
1480:Cramer E (1865).
1341:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1297:
1293:
1266:
1241:
1229:
1225:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1172:
1168:
1152:
1136:
1128:
986:
836:
824:
820:
779:(which is in the
759:(which is in the
737:Chemical compound
735:
734:
499:CompTox Dashboard
358:L: 206-130-6
219:Interactive image
207:Interactive image
120:
119:
82:
81:
73:
57:
8521:
8364:
8360:
8318:
8314:
8308:
8307:
8298:
8091:
8087:
8015:
8011:
8005:
8004:
7995:
7978:Lysophospholipid
7971:
7964:
7957:
7948:
7947:
7852:
7848:
7739:
7735:
7729:
7728:
7719:
7693:
7689:
7592:dextromethorphan
7482:Dihydropyridines
7421:Thiocolchicoside
7371:Pseudostrychnine
7311:Gaboxadol (THIP)
7305:anandamide (AEA)
7297:Endocannabinoids
7029:Dihydropyridines
6989:trifluoroethanol
6985:trichloroethanol
6910:
6902:
6894:
6886:
6858:
6850:
6820:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6800:
6786:Glycine receptor
6779:
6772:
6765:
6756:
6755:
6601:
6554:Trichloroethanol
6114:Dextromethorphan
5867:
5651:
5640:
5636:
5578:
5570:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5478:
5432:
5403:
5399:
5161:
5157:
4992:Fanapanel (MPQX)
4752:
4748:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4705:
4704:
4676:Nitrous oxide (N
4647:
4646:
4616:Gasotransmitters
4613:
4612:
4593:
4592:
4583:
4537:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4497:
4496:
4432:Anandamide (AEA)
4400:Endocannabinoids
4397:
4396:
4364:
4363:
4251:Serotonin (5-HT)
4216:
4215:
4035:Glutamate system
4032:
4031:
4023:
4022:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3951:
3950:
3881:
3880:
3795:
3794:
3682:
3681:
3543:
3542:
3475:
3474:
3460:
3459:
3411:Anthranilic acid
3291:2-Oxoadipic acid
3263:
3262:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3209:
2929:
2928:
2919:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2806:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2574:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2474:
2465:(1–2): 107–111.
2450:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2423:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2212:(6): 2349–2358.
2201:
2195:
2194:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2034:(9): 4926–4931.
2015:
2009:
2008:
1990:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1890:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1829:
1811:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1641:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1583:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1528:(3): 3787–3805.
1505:
1499:
1493:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1455:Pure Appl. Chem.
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1399:
1393:
1386:
1339:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1264:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1170:
1166:
1150:
1134:
1126:
1052:
1006:
984:
834:
822:
818:
793:
792:
791:
774:
773:
772:
644:
629:
626:
620:
614:
607:Chemical formula
524:
523:
507:
505:
489:
481:
473:
452:
444:
436:
424:
410:
402:
381:
351:
343:
332:
321:
300:
292:
284:
263:
242:
221:
209:
184:
176:
168:
88:
71:
55:
52:Skeletal formula
47:Skeletal formula
39:
35:
31:
8529:
8528:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8469:
8468:
8467:
8462:
8448:
8434:Dihydroceramide
8385:
8362:
8352:
8329:
8316:
8297:
8285:
8089:
8079:
8030:1-Palmitoyl-LPA
8013:
7994:
7986:
7975:
7945:
7940:
7927:
7893:
7850:
7840:
7751:ALX-5407 (NFPS)
7737:
7718:
7706:
7691:
7681:
7441:Benzodiazepines
7326:Isobutyric acid
7167:chloral hydrate
7019:Chlormethiazole
6981:tribromoethanol
6977:-butanol (2M2P)
6818:
6799:
6791:
6783:
6753:
6748:
6716:
6614:Flufenamic acid
6549:Trichloroethane
6324:Rhynchophylline
6244:Methoxphenidine
6209:Levomilnacipran
6109:Dextromethadone
6034:α-Endopsychosin
5638:
5550:Dimethylglycine
5460:Quinolinic acid
5401:
5391:
5229:Quisqualic acid
5159:
5149:
4805:Quisqualic acid
4750:
4740:
4732:
4702:
4693:
4688:
4679:
4665:
4641:
4631:
4607:
4564:
4510:
4486:
4377:
4349:
4333:
4255:
4211:Biogenic amines
4201:
4178:
4127:
4101:
4027:
4011:
4006:
3976:
3967:
3938:
3912:
3865:
3846:
3827:
3792:
3791:
3758:
3724:
3705:Methacrylyl-CoA
3675:
3661:
3633:
3594:
3575:
3538:α-ketoglutarate
3536:
3522:
3513:Phosphocreatine
3482:
3468:
3445:
3379:
3315:
3248:
3237:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3182:Secondary amino
3136:
3099:
3088:
3058:
3047:
3013:
2980:
2920:
2911:
2885:
2880:
2843:
2838:
2783:
2779:
2718:
2714:
2669:
2665:
2610:
2606:
2565:(10): 655–659.
2551:
2547:
2518:(10): 859–885.
2508:
2504:
2451:
2447:
2392:
2388:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2295:Mol Genet Metab
2290:
2286:
2245:
2241:
2202:
2198:
2167:
2163:
2122:
2118:
2079:
2075:
2016:
2012:
1967:
1963:
1912:
1908:
1851:
1847:
1788:
1784:
1753:
1749:
1710:
1706:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1574:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1506:
1502:
1478:
1474:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1400:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1356:
1288:
1236:
1220:
1186:
1178:-NMDA receptors
1131:serine racemase
1124:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
996:methyl acrylate
981:
923:3-phosphoserine
873:
812:
790:
788:
787:
786:
784:
771:
768:
767:
766:
764:
738:
731:
726:
699:
682:
642:
632:
623:
617:
609:
595:
592:
583:
578:
577:
566:
563:
562:
556:
555:
549:
548:
545:
539:
538:
527:
508:
501:
492:
455:
425:
413:
384:
370:
361:
324:
303:
266:
245:
224:
198:
187:
157:
143:
135:
116:
102:
78:
59:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8527:
8517:
8516:
8511:
8509:Amino alcohols
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8464:
8463:
8453:
8450:
8449:
8447:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8397:
8395:
8391:
8390:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8367:
8365:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8339:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8327:
8321:
8319:
8305:
8291:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8283:
8274:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8094:
8092:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8048:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8018:
8016:
8002:
7988:
7987:
7974:
7973:
7966:
7959:
7951:
7942:
7941:
7939:
7938:
7931:
7925:
7920:
7913:
7906:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7742:
7740:
7726:
7712:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7704:
7696:
7694:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7623:
7581:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7438:
7429:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7361:Nipecotic acid
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7225:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7195:methoxyflurane
7156:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7052:ginsenoside-Rf
7041:
7036:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6928:Picolinic acid
6925:
6920:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6891:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6855:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6823:
6821:
6807:
6793:
6792:
6782:
6781:
6774:
6767:
6759:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6739:
6732:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6702:
6701:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6524:Methoxyflurane
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6459:
6454:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6269:Nitromemantine
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6204:Levomethorphan
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6124:Dieticyclidine
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6104:Dextrallorphan
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6059:Argiotoxin-636
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5972:Diaminopropane
5969:
5964:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5900:Kynurenic acid
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5646:
5631:
5615:
5610:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5575:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5406:
5404:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5301:Kynurenic acid
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5164:
5162:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5007:Kynurenic acid
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4755:
4753:
4742:
4741:
4731:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Phenethylamine
4300:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4132:Glycine system
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4077:Kynurenic acid
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4029:
4020:
4013:
4012:
4005:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3927:
3925:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3878:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3816:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3784:
3769:
3767:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3700:Isobutyryl-CoA
3697:
3691:
3689:
3679:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3540:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3472:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3394:
3392:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3340:Isovaleryl-CoA
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3301:Glutaconyl-CoA
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3260:
3250:
3249:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3119:Selenocysteine
3116:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2890:General topics
2887:
2886:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2841:External links
2839:
2837:
2836:
2777:
2712:
2663:
2604:
2545:
2502:
2445:
2386:
2351:(1): 213–221.
2335:
2321:
2302:(3): 256–262.
2284:
2257:(2): 347–351.
2239:
2196:
2161:
2140:(5): 938–944.
2116:
2089:(2): 320–328.
2073:
2010:
1961:
1906:
1845:
1782:
1747:
1704:
1684:978-3527306732
1683:
1655:
1648:
1626:
1614:
1601:
1594:
1565:
1539:
1500:
1472:
1445:
1419:
1412:
1394:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:(isothreonine)
1362:
1355:
1352:
1287:
1284:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1235:
1232:
1219:
1216:
1185:
1182:
1163:NMDA receptors
1143:NMDA receptors
1123:
1120:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1008:
1007:
983:Industrially,
980:
977:
872:
869:
811:
808:
789:
777:carboxyl group
769:
736:
733:
732:
727:
723:standard state
720:
717:
716:
710:
709:
705:
704:
701:
697:
687:
686:
683:
678:
675:
674:
671:
665:
664:
661:
655:
654:
651:
647:
646:
640:
634:
633:
630:
621:
615:
610:
605:
602:
601:
597:
596:
594:
593:
586:
584:
581:
573:
572:
571:
568:
567:
565:
564:
560:
559:
557:
553:
552:
550:
546:
543:
542:
534:
533:
532:
529:
528:
526:
525:
517:DTXSID60883230
511:
509:
497:
494:
493:
491:
490:
482:
474:
465:
463:
457:
456:
454:
453:
445:
437:
428:
426:
418:
415:
414:
412:
411:
403:
394:
392:
386:
385:
383:
382:
373:
371:
366:
363:
362:
360:
359:
355:
353:
345:
344:
334:
326:
325:
323:
322:
313:
311:
305:
304:
302:
301:
293:
285:
276:
274:
268:
267:
265:
264:
255:
253:
247:
246:
244:
243:
234:
232:
226:
225:
223:
222:
210:
201:
199:
192:
189:
188:
186:
185:
177:
169:
160:
158:
153:
150:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
127:
126:
122:
121:
118:
117:
112:
103:
98:
84:
83:
80:
79:
70:
60:
50:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8526:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8451:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8414:Palmitoyl-CoA
8412:
8408:
8405:
8402:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8392:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8361:
8355:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8332:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8315:
8309:
8306:
8302:
8296:
8292:
8282:
8279:
8276:
8275:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8241:
8240:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8088:
8082:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8050:
8049:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8012:
8006:
8003:
7999:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7982:
7979:
7972:
7967:
7965:
7960:
7958:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7937:
7936:
7932:
7930:
7929:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7914:
7912:
7911:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7849:
7843:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7736:
7730:
7727:
7723:
7717:
7713:
7702:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7690:
7684:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7600:levomethadone
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7523:
7519:
7515:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7462:
7458:
7457:flunitrazepam
7454:
7450:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7336:Isostrychnine
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7302:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7099:Nitrous oxide
7097:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7034:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7010:
7009:pentobarbital
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6976:
6971:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6938:Quisqualamine
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6900:
6898:
6892:
6890:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6856:
6854:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6817:
6811:
6808:
6804:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6787:
6780:
6775:
6773:
6768:
6766:
6761:
6760:
6757:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6694:Transcrocetin
6692:
6690:
6689:Psychotridine
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6669:Niflumic acid
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6529:Nitrous oxide
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6494:Diethyl ether
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6349:Tenocyclidine
6347:
6345:
6344:Tabernanthine
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6334:Rolicyclidine
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6309:Phencyclidine
6307:
6305:
6304:Phencyclamine
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6239:Methoxetamine
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6199:Levomethadone
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6159:Fluorolintane
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5740:Kaitocephalin
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5644:
5637:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5535:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5445:Ibotenic acid
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5358:
5357:pentobarbital
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:Kaitocephalin
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5241:Cyclothiazide
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5209:Ibotenic acid
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5068:pentobarbital
5065:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:Kaitocephalin
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4822:Cyclothiazide
4820:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Ibotenic acid
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4749:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4722:
4717:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4690:
4683:
4681:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4603:Acetylcholine
4601:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4589:Miscellaneous
4587:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:Neurosteroids
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:Neuropeptides
4356:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3885:phenylalanine
3882:
3879:
3877:
3872:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:propionyl-CoA
3849:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Cystathionine
3812:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:-homocysteine
3789:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3672:propionyl-CoA
3668:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:Urocanic acid
3554:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:D-amino acids
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3113:Glutamic acid
3111:
3108:
3107:Aspartic acid
3105:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3009:Phenylalanine
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2925:By properties
2923:
2918:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2406:(9): e75376.
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:Life Sciences
1751:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1700:
1694:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1651:
1649:1-57259-153-6
1645:
1640:
1639:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1524:(in German).
1523:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1488:(in German).
1487:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1415:
1413:0-8493-0462-8
1409:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1215:
1201:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:-serine (its
1132:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1112:sphingolipids
1109:
1106:, as well as
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1001:
1000:
999:
997:
992:
990:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
954:
950:
948:
947:
941:
939:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
917:
913:
909:
905:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
868:
866:
865:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:not essential
840:
832:
816:
807:
805:
801:
797:
796:hydroxymethyl
782:
778:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
730:
724:
718:
715:
711:
706:
702:
696:
692:
689:
688:
684:
681:
677:
676:
672:
670:
669:Melting point
667:
666:
662:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
648:
641:
639:
636:
635:
611:
608:
604:
603:
598:
590:
585:
580:
579:
576:
569:
558:
551:
541:
540:
537:
530:
522:
518:
513:
512:
510:
500:
496:
495:
488:
483:
480:
475:
472:
467:
466:
464:
462:
459:
458:
451:
446:
443:
438:
435:
430:
429:
427:
421:
417:
416:
409:
404:
401:
396:
395:
393:
391:
388:
387:
380:
375:
374:
372:
369:
365:
364:
357:
356:
354:
352:
347:
346:
342:
338:
335:
333:
331:ECHA InfoCard
328:
327:
320:
315:
314:
312:
310:
307:
306:
299:
294:
291:
286:
283:
278:
277:
275:
273:
270:
269:
262:
257:
256:
254:
252:
249:
248:
241:
236:
235:
233:
231:
228:
227:
220:
215:
211:
208:
203:
202:
200:
196:
191:
190:
183:
178:
175:
170:
167:
162:
161:
159:
156:
152:
151:
146:
138:
132:
128:
123:
115:
108:
104:
101:
94:
90:
89:
85:
77:
65:
61:
53:
45:
41:
40:
36:
30:
26:
22:
8455:
8454:
8418:
8410:
8403:
8400:
8277:
8243:Antagonists:
8242:
8097:
8052:Antagonists:
8051:
8025:1-Oleoyl-LPA
8021:
7933:
7922:
7915:
7908:
7634:picrotoxinin
7578:progesterone
7570:DHEA sulfate
7538:ginkgolide M
7534:ginkgolide J
7530:ginkgolide C
7526:ginkgolide B
7522:ginkgolide A
7494:nitrendipine
7432:
7229:Antagonists:
7228:
7104:Penicillin G
7048:ginsenosides
7005:Barbiturates
6974:
6954:
6901:
6857:
6835:β-ABA (BABA)
6826:
6741:
6734:
6725:
6724:
6708:
6705:
6577:
6484:Cyclopropane
6465:
6448:
6426:
6362:
6314:Propoxyphene
6284:Orphenadrine
6189:Ketobemidone
6154:Eticyclidine
6089:Coronaridine
6074:ARL-15896-AR
5990:
5958:
5870:-Cycloserine
5852:Carisoprodol
5808:
5696:
5694:Antagonists:
5693:
5626:
5621:
5604:
5577:
5536:
5532:-Cycloserine
5473:
5412:
5409:
5353:Barbiturates
5349:
5326:Selurampanel
5281:Dasolampanel
5268:Antagonists:
5267:
5237:
5170:
5167:
5141:
5078:Cyclopropane
5064:Barbiturates
5060:
5032:Selurampanel
4982:Dasolampanel
4954:Antagonists:
4953:
4937:Pramiracetam
4813:
4761:
4758:
4657:Acetaldehyde
4326:
4318:
4290:
4282:
4260:Trace amines
4168:
4096:
3930:
3923:oxaloacetate
3807:
3801:Homocysteine
3787:
3779:
3772:
3677:succinyl-CoA
3508:Glycocyamine
3483:
3441:Glutaryl-CoA
3398:
3306:Crotonyl-CoA
3296:Glutaryl-CoA
3276:Saccharopine
3149:
3094:
3053:
3037:
2907:Genetic code
2794:
2790:
2780:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2324:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2137:
2134:Hypertension
2133:
2127:
2119:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2013:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1923:
1920:Neuroscience
1919:
1909:
1900:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1839:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1707:
1664:
1658:
1637:
1629:
1617:
1604:
1580:Biochemistry
1579:
1556:. Retrieved
1551:
1542:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1422:
1403:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1344:hearing loss
1338:
1329:
1312:
1289:
1273:
1261:
1237:
1221:
1187:
1175:
1125:
1088:biosynthesis
1081:
1009:
993:
982:
959:
945:
942:
926:
874:
871:Biosynthesis
862:
849:, including
839:stereoisomer
828:
781:deprotonated
748:
744:
740:
739:
694:
148:Identifiers
140:Other names
29:
8444:Sphingosine
8401:Precursors:
8111:Ceralifimod
8060:H2L-5765834
8055:H2L-5186303
7831:SSR-504,734
7826:SSR-103,800
7816:PF-03463275
7796:Mardepodect
7716:Transporter
7662:tropisetron
7604:levorphanol
7596:dextrorphan
7518:ginkgolides
7486:nicardipine
7341:Laudanosine
7262:Cacotheline
7252:Bicuculline
7199:sevoflurane
7149:tropisetron
7033:nicardipine
6876:Hypotaurine
6674:Pentamidine
6659:Minocycline
6639:Hodgkinsine
6609:Dexanabinol
6539:Sevoflurane
6393:Isoxsuprine
6388:Haloperidol
6368:Besonprodil
6329:Rimantadine
6279:Norketamine
6274:Noribogaine
6249:Milnacipran
6214:Levorphanol
6164:Gacyclidine
6134:Dizocilpine
6129:Diphenidine
6119:Dextrorphan
6039:Alaproclate
5982:Huperzine A
5935:Meprobamate
5895:Harkoseride
5790:Perzinfotel
5667:Plazinemdor
5214:Kainic acid
5199:Domoic acid
5145:Minocycline
5133:Sevoflurane
4810:Willardiine
4785:Domoic acid
4662:Ammonia (NH
4533:Nucleosides
4293:-Octopamine
4285:-Octopamine
4197:T-HCA (GHC)
4154:Hypotaurine
4106:GABA system
4057:Glutathione
3653:glutathione
3187:Imino acids
3151:Amino acids
3084:Pyrrolysine
3021:, uncharged
2732:(1): 4966.
2683:(5): e561.
2206:Amino Acids
1841:receptors).
1730:Org. Synth.
1096:pyrimidines
847:metabolites
833:. Only the
757:amino group
650:Appearance
600:Properties
337:100.000.250
261:ChEMBL11298
240:CHEBI:17115
8473:Categories
8335:Ceramidase
8301:inhibitors
8166:Mocravimod
8151:Fingolimod
8101:Amiselimod
8035:GRI-977143
7984:modulators
7836:Tilapertin
7791:LY-2365109
7786:Iclepertin
7781:GSK1018921
7666:zatosetron
7654:bemesetron
7626:Picrotoxin
7544:Imipramine
7514:bilobalide
7500:Furosemide
7490:nifedipine
7461:flurazepam
7449:clonazepam
7445:bromazepam
7416:Strychnine
7411:Sinomenine
7376:Quinolines
7366:Pitrazepin
7287:Dendrobine
7272:Colchicine
7191:isoflurane
7175:desflurane
7171:chloroform
7153:zatosetron
7137:bemesetron
7089:minaxolone
7077:alfaxolone
7063:Ivermectin
7000:Anandamide
6923:Milacemide
6913:-Threonine
6881:Ivermectin
6789:modulators
6712:AGN-241751
6684:Piretanide
6634:Furosemide
6619:Flupirtine
6596:Conantokin
6591:Caroverine
6586:Bumetanide
6519:Isoflurane
6489:Desflurane
6479:Chloroform
6418:Safaprodil
6413:Ro 25-6981
6354:Tiletamine
6339:Sabeluzole
6319:Remacemide
6264:Neramexane
6234:Methorphan
6219:Loperamide
6194:Lanicemine
6179:Indantadol
6144:Esketamine
6139:Ephenidine
6099:Dexoxadrol
6064:Arketamine
6049:Amantadine
6009:3-MeO-PCMo
5987:Putrescine
5930:MDL-105519
5905:Kynurenine
5885:Gavestinel
5800:SDZ-220581
5760:MDL-100453
5643:prasterone
5613:Spermidine
5586:Milacemide
5491:ACC (ACPC)
5377:Evans blue
5341:Topiramate
5331:Tezampanel
5261:Isoflurane
5138:Talampanel
5123:Perampanel
5118:Isoflurane
5103:GYKI-53655
5098:GYKI-52466
5093:Evans blue
5057:Zonampanel
5047:Topiramate
5037:Tezampanel
5012:Kynurenine
4972:Caroverine
4967:Becampanel
4917:Oxiracetam
4817:Aniracetam
4738:modulators
4650:Candidates
4524:Nucleobase
4313:Tryptamine
4308:Synephrine
4219:Monoamines
4184:GHB system
4017:Amino acid
3933:urea cycle
3790:-Adenosyl-
3764:methionine
3749:Tiglyl-CoA
3730:isoleucine
3629:Putrescine
3624:Cadaverine
3619:Citrulline
3518:Creatinine
3406:Kynurenine
3385:tryptophan
3258:acetyl-CoA
3243:metabolism
3240:Amino acid
3177:Glucogenic
3028:Asparagine
3004:Tryptophan
2961:Methionine
2950:Isoleucine
1981:: 109654.
1902:disorders.
1865:(1): 184.
1610:EC 3.1.3.3
1558:22 October
1377:References
1365:Homoserine
1200:-aspartate
1139:enantiomer
1108:tryptophan
1084:metabolism
1047:OH + 2 H
885:glycolysis
861:for silk,
810:Occurrence
761:protonated
753:amino acid
751:) is an α-
638:Molar mass
589:Zwitterion
487:1K77H2Z9B1
479:00PAR1C66F
476:D/L:
471:452VLY9402
439:D/L:
368:IUPHAR/BPS
287:D/L:
272:ChemSpider
214:Zwitterion
193:3D model (
171:D/L:
155:CAS Number
131:IUPAC name
76:zwitterion
16:Amino acid
8456:See also:
8343:Ceranib 1
8281:Etrasimod
8278:Unsorted:
8266:VPC-23019
8251:CYM-50358
8221:TC-G 1006
8206:Siponimod
8181:Ponesimod
8176:Phyto-S1P
8141:CYM-50308
8136:CYM-50260
8106:Cenerimod
8098:Agonists:
8075:VPC-32183
8070:TC-LPA5 4
8022:Agonists:
7981:signaling
7884:ORG-25543
7864:Amoxapine
7821:Sarcosine
7801:ORG-24598
7766:CP-802079
7672:Verapamil
7658:LY-278584
7650:Tropeines
7616:pethidine
7612:oripavine
7505:Genistein
7436:Amiloride
7316:Gelsemine
7292:Diaboline
7277:Colubrine
7187:halothane
7183:enflurane
7159:Volatiles
7145:LY-278584
7129:Tropeines
7124:Triclofos
7114:Tamoxifen
7093:ORG-20599
7039:Etomidate
6962:brometone
6943:Sarcosine
6918:MDL-27531
6830:β-Alanine
6827:Agonists:
6726:See also:
6706:Unsorted:
6649:MDL-27266
6629:FR-115427
6624:FPL-12495
6581:ARR-15896
6509:Halothane
6499:Enflurane
6457:Magnesium
6408:Ro 8-4304
6383:Eliprodil
6294:PD-137889
6254:Morphanol
6229:Methadone
6224:Memantine
6174:Ibogamine
6149:Etoxadrol
6079:ARL-16247
6069:ARL-12495
6054:Aptiganel
6019:4-MeO-PCP
6014:3-MeO-PCP
6004:3-MeO-PCE
5967:Co 101676
5940:MRZ 2/576
5890:GV-196771
5880:Felbamate
5857:CGP-39653
5837:ACEA-1328
5832:ACEA-1011
5775:NPC-17742
5770:NPC-12626
5755:LY-274614
5750:LY-235959
5745:LY-233053
5730:CGS-19755
5725:CGP-40116
5720:CGP-39653
5715:CGP-39551
5710:CGP-37849
5700:AP5 (APV)
5601:Sarcosine
5477:β-Fluoro-
5426:Glutamate
5421:Aspartate
5410:Agonists:
5367:Enflurane
5311:LY-382884
5271:ACEA-1011
5256:Halothane
5251:Enflurane
5246:Diazoxide
5219:LY-339434
5204:Glutamate
5168:Agonists:
5113:Irampanel
5108:Halothane
5083:Enflurane
4957:ACEA-1011
4932:Piracetam
4912:ORG-26576
4907:Nooglutyl
4897:LY-503430
4892:LY-451646
4887:LY-404187
4882:LY-395153
4877:LY-392098
4862:Diazoxide
4790:Glutamate
4759:Agonists:
4541:Adenosine
4345:Histamine
4329:-Tyramine
4321:-Tyramine
4164:Sarcosine
4144:β-Alanine
4139:α-Alanine
3833:threonine
3649:glutamate
3614:Ornithine
3547:histidine
3533:glutamate
3360:β-Leucine
3172:Ketogenic
3162:Essential
3078:Histidine
3043:Threonine
3033:Glutamine
2994:Histidine
2933:Aliphatic
2813:1662-5102
2754:2041-1723
2581:0903-4641
2540:207299820
2512:CNS Drugs
2481:2167-8421
2365:1029-8428
1997:1873-7064
1940:1873-7544
1926:: 75–88.
1879:2158-3188
1818:1664-0640
1713:Carter HE
1621:Uniprot:
1360:Isoserine
1304:sarcosine
1147:glutamate
1122:Signaling
1062:Metabolic
1031:H + 2 H
921:) yields
877:oxidation
350:EC Number
8439:Ceramide
8376:Safingol
8325:Myriocin
8261:TY-52156
8226:TC-SP 14
8201:SEW-2871
8196:RPC-1063
8171:Ozanimod
8131:CYM 5541
8126:CYM-5520
8121:CYM-5442
8065:Ki-16425
7992:Receptor
7905:See also
7859:ALX-1393
7722:blockers
7703:instead.
7645:Riluzole
7630:picrotin
7620:thebaine
7608:morphine
7477:Daidzein
7467:Corymine
7453:diazepam
7388:5,7-CIQA
7321:iso-THAZ
7267:Caffeine
7133:atropine
7109:Propofol
7068:Ketamine
6958:Alcohols
6933:Propofol
6897:-Proline
6889:-Alanine
6853:-Alanine
6797:Receptor
6654:Metaphit
6564:Urethane
6452:Hydrogen
6449:Cations:
6359:Tramadol
6184:Ketamine
6169:Ibogaine
6084:Budipine
5999:3-HO-PCP
5925:LU-73068
5915:L-701324
5910:L-689560
5817:5,7-DCKA
5805:Selfotel
5687:SAGE-718
5682:SAGE-301
5677:SAGE-201
5618:Spermine
5608:Neomycin
5573:-Alanine
5565:L-687414
5524:-Alanine
5481:-alanine
5470:Theanine
5336:Theanine
5234:SYM-2081
5042:Theanine
4580:-derived
4526:-derived
4507:instead.
4462:Oleamide
4393:-derived
4374:instead.
4231:Dopamine
4042:Agmatine
4019:-derived
3889:tyrosine
3876:fumarate
3823:Cysteine
3645:cysteine
3609:Agmatine
3600:arginine
3504:creatine
3465:pyruvate
3281:Allysine
3131:Tyrosine
3125:Cysteine
3072:Arginine
2999:Tyrosine
2986:Aromatic
2831:34975405
2772:33009404
2707:25942042
2658:23729812
2599:31344283
2532:21936588
2489:27589995
2440:24086518
2400:PLOS ONE
2381:20271849
2373:28929385
2316:19963421
2279:25013468
2271:16763900
2234:17671611
2226:22588481
2191:20170643
2156:18809793
2111:45669104
2103:17929246
2068:10781100
2005:37437688
1956:23158971
1948:22814002
1897:32518273
1836:30787885
1777:11292060
1725:-Serine"
1719:(1940).
1548:"Serine"
1492:: 76–98.
1432:Archived
1354:See also
1348:tinnitus
1271:(iNTD).
1104:cysteine
919:2.6.1.52
904:1.1.1.95
743:(symbol
685:soluble
514:L:
484:D:
468:L:
447:D:
431:L:
405:D:
397:L:
376:L:
316:L:
309:DrugBank
295:D:
279:L:
258:L:
237:L:
204:L:
182:312-84-5
179:D:
174:302-84-1
163:L:
74:-serine
8371:N,N-DMS
8256:JTE-013
8246:CS-0777
8236:XAX-162
8161:KRP-203
8116:CS-2100
7998:ligands
7889:VVZ-368
7756:ASP2535
7652:(e.g.,
7628:(i.e.,
7588:codeine
7586:(e.g.,
7584:Opioids
7556:(e.g.,
7520:(e.g.,
7484:(e.g.,
7443:(e.g.,
7406:RU-5135
7378:(e.g.,
7299:(e.g.,
7257:Brucine
7203:toluene
7165:(e.g.,
7141:cocaine
7131:(e.g.,
7075:(e.g.,
7050:(e.g.,
7044:Ginseng
7031:(e.g.,
7024:D12-116
7007:(e.g.,
6960:(e.g.,
6948:Taurine
6905:-Serine
6871:Glycine
6861:-Serine
6845:Caesium
6803:ligands
6698:saffron
6544:Toluene
6534:Octanol
6514:Hexanol
6469:Benzene
6445:TCN-213
6440:TCN-201
6435:MPX-007
6430:MPX-004
6024:8A-PDHQ
5962:Arcaine
5955:ZD-9379
5652:sulfate
5581:-Serine
5555:Glycine
5540:-Serine
5455:Proline
5382:NS-3763
5355:(e.g.,
5346:UBP-302
5224:Proline
5066:(e.g.,
4942:S-18986
4872:IDRA-21
4857:CX-1942
4852:CX-1739
4800:Proline
4578:Vitamin
4472:RVD-Hpα
4427:AA-5-HT
4174:Taurine
4159:Proline
4149:Glycine
4092:Proline
4062:Glycine
3581:proline
3500:glycine
3479:glycine
3470:citrate
3389:alanine
3321:leucine
3133:(≈10.1)
3074:(≈12.5)
3068:(≈10.8)
2976:Glycine
2971:Proline
2966:Alanine
2955:Leucine
2902:Peptide
2897:Protein
2822:8718999
2763:7532172
2734:Bibcode
2698:4471283
2649:3696825
2626:Bibcode
2590:6851881
2497:4584977
2431:3783393
2408:Bibcode
2036:Bibcode
1888:7283225
1827:6372501
1717:West HD
1438:5 March
1184:Ligands
1159:glycine
1157:at the
1155:agonist
1100:glycine
1092:purines
1035:→ HOCH
1012:serinol
965:glycine
946:E. coli
938:3.1.3.3
864:sericum
851:glycine
691:Acidity
659:Density
643:105.093
420:PubChem
319:DB00133
216::
166:56-45-1
58:-serine
33:Serine
8504:Aldols
8419:Serine
8394:Others
8381:SKI II
8295:Enzyme
8191:RP-002
8186:RP-001
7510:Ginkgo
7400:7-TFQA
7247:αEMBTL
6840:β-AIBA
6574:Xylene
6474:Butane
5847:AV-101
5560:HA-966
4847:CX-717
4837:CX-614
4832:CX-546
4827:CX-516
4543:system
4417:2-ALPI
4338:Others
4169:Serine
4097:Serine
3686:valine
3484:serine
3267:lysine
3127:(≈8.3)
3121:(≈5.4)
3115:(≈4.1)
3109:(≈3.9)
3080:(≈6.1)
3066:Lysine
3038:Serine
2945:Valine
2829:
2819:
2811:
2770:
2760:
2752:
2705:
2695:
2656:
2646:
2597:
2587:
2579:
2538:
2530:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2438:
2428:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2314:
2277:
2269:
2232:
2224:
2189:
2154:
2109:
2101:
2066:
2056:
2003:
1995:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1895:
1885:
1877:
1834:
1824:
1816:
1802:: 25.
1775:
1736:: 81.
1681:
1646:
1592:
1410:
1202:. Had
1116:folate
804:codons
741:Serine
575:SMILES
408:C00740
400:C00065
251:ChEMBL
134:Serine
125:Names
21:Sérine
8271:W-146
8231:W-061
7874:NAGly
7847:GlyT2
7746:ACPPB
7734:GlyT1
7688:NMDAR
7426:Tutin
7396:7-TFQ
7392:7-CIQ
7217:Xenon
7163:gases
6569:Xenon
6029:18-MC
5994:2-MDP
5822:7-CKA
5785:PEAQX
5511:B6B21
5501:AK-51
5435:-HCA)
5398:NMDAR
5321:NS102
5052:YM90K
4747:AMPAR
4452:NAGly
4391:Lipid
4226:6-OHM
4118:GABOB
3947:Other
3638:other
3153:types
3019:Polar
2559:APMIS
2536:S2CID
2493:S2CID
2377:S2CID
2275:S2CID
2230:S2CID
2107:S2CID
2059:18334
1952:S2CID
1608:KEGG
1222:Pure
1133:from
1039:CH(NH
1023:CH(NH
887:) to
859:Latin
800:polar
536:InChI
450:71077
298:64231
230:ChEBI
195:JSmol
25:Sarin
8411:S1P:
8404:LPA:
8359:SphK
8086:S1PR
8045:OMPT
8010:LPAR
7924:GABA
7701:here
7699:See
7677:Zinc
7640:PMBA
7632:and
7549:NBQX
7301:2-AG
7222:Zinc
6975:tert
6866:GABA
6815:GlyR
6664:MPEP
6604:-αAA
6462:Zinc
6289:PCPr
6259:NEFA
5945:PNQX
5875:DNQX
5862:CNQX
5795:PPDA
5780:PBPD
5650:DHEA
5635:DHEA
5545:DHPG
5496:ACPD
5486:ACBD
5450:NMDA
5416:AMAA
5316:NBQX
5291:GAMS
5286:DNQX
5276:CNQX
5194:ATPA
5189:AMPA
5027:PNQX
5022:NBQX
4997:GAMS
4987:DNQX
4977:CNQX
4962:ATPO
4922:PEPA
4780:BOAA
4775:AMPA
4505:here
4503:See
4447:NADA
4422:2-OG
4407:2-AG
4372:here
4370:See
4113:GABA
4087:NAAG
4072:GSSG
4067:GSNO
3931:see
2827:PMID
2809:ISSN
2768:PMID
2750:ISSN
2703:PMID
2654:PMID
2595:PMID
2577:ISSN
2528:PMID
2485:PMID
2477:ISSN
2436:PMID
2369:PMID
2361:ISSN
2312:PMID
2267:PMID
2222:PMID
2187:PMID
2152:PMID
2099:PMID
2064:PMID
2001:PMID
1993:ISSN
1944:PMID
1936:ISSN
1893:PMID
1875:ISSN
1832:PMID
1814:ISSN
1773:PMID
1699:link
1679:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1623:serB
1612:etc.
1590:ISBN
1560:2012
1440:2018
1408:ISBN
1346:and
1114:and
1102:and
1094:and
1019:HOCH
893:NADH
891:and
855:silk
587:D/L
461:UNII
434:5951
390:KEGG
282:5736
212:D/L
8407:LPC
8348:OEA
8313:SPT
8216:SPC
8211:S1P
8040:LPA
5827:ACC
5735:CPP
5705:AP7
5516:CCG
5156:KAR
4560:ATP
4555:AMP
4550:ADP
4477:SEA
4467:PEA
4457:OEA
4442:LPI
4437:DEA
4192:GHB
4123:GHB
4082:NAA
2817:PMC
2799:doi
2758:PMC
2742:doi
2693:PMC
2685:doi
2644:PMC
2634:doi
2622:110
2585:PMC
2567:doi
2563:127
2520:doi
2467:doi
2426:PMC
2416:doi
2353:doi
2304:doi
2259:doi
2214:doi
2179:doi
2142:doi
2091:doi
2087:215
2054:PMC
2044:doi
1983:doi
1979:238
1928:doi
1924:222
1883:PMC
1867:doi
1822:PMC
1804:doi
1765:doi
1738:doi
1671:doi
1586:580
1530:doi
1463:doi
1300:ALS
1090:of
1043:)CH
1027:)CO
940:).
906:).
895:by
879:of
785:COO
747:or
745:Ser
504:EPA
442:617
423:CID
379:726
290:597
54:of
8475::
8409:;
7664:,
7660:,
7656:,
7618:,
7614:,
7610:,
7606:,
7602:,
7598:,
7594:,
7590:,
7576:,
7572:,
7568:,
7564:,
7560:,
7540:))
7536:,
7532:,
7528:,
7524:,
7516:,
7492:,
7488:,
7459:,
7455:,
7451:,
7447:,
7398:,
7394:,
7390:,
7386:,
7382:,
7303:,
7209:,
7205:,
7201:,
7197:,
7193:,
7189:,
7185:,
7181:,
7177:,
7173:,
7169:,
7151:,
7147:,
7143:,
7139:,
7135:,
7091:,
7087:,
7083:,
7079:,
7054:))
7011:,
6987:,
6983:,
6979:,
6972:,
6968:,
6964:,
6576:;
6464:;
6447:;
6425:;
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