339:
1342:
1298:
40:
1247:
1227:
485:
347:
1326:
1286:
174:
1314:
376:. In a posteroanterior (PA) view, the x-ray source is positioned so that the x-ray beam enters through the posterior (back) aspect of the chest and exits out of the anterior (front) aspect, where the beam is detected. To obtain this view, the patient stands facing a flat surface behind which is an x-ray detector. A radiation source is positioned behind the patient at a standard distance (most often 6 feet, 1,8m), and the x-ray beam is fired toward the patient.
2593:
1122:
469:
393:
availability of other imaging modalities and the preference of the image interpreter. In the UK, the standard chest radiography protocol is to take an erect posteroanterior view only and a lateral one only on request by a radiologist. In the US, chest radiography includes a PA and
Lateral with the patient standing or sitting up. Special projections include an AP in cases where the image needs to be obtained
397:(immediately) and with a portable device, particularly when a patient cannot be safely positioned upright. Lateral decubitus may be used for visualization of air-fluid levels if an upright image cannot be obtained. Anteroposterior (AP) Axial Lordotic projects the clavicles above the lung fields, allowing better visualization of the apices (which is extremely useful when looking for evidence of primary
1341:
392:
Required projections can vary by country and hospital, although an erect posteroanterior (PA) projection is typically the first preference. If this is not possible, then an anteroposterior view will be taken. Further imaging depends on local protocols which is dependent on the hospital protocols, the
252:
For some conditions of the chest, radiography is good for screening but poor for diagnosis. When a condition is suspected based on chest radiography, additional imaging of the chest can be obtained to definitively diagnose the condition or to provide evidence in favor of the diagnosis suggested by
1273:
While chest radiographs are a relatively cheap and safe method of investigating diseases of the chest, there are a number of serious chest conditions that may be associated with a normal chest radiograph and other means of assessment may be necessary to make the diagnosis. For example, a patient
495:
In the average person, the diaphragm should be intersected by the 5th to 7th anterior ribs at the mid-clavicular line, and 9 to 10 posterior ribs should be viewable on a normal PA inspiratory film. An increase in the number of viewable ribs implies hyperinflation, as can occur, for example, with
379:
In anteroposterior (AP) views, the positions of the x-ray source and detector are reversed: the x-ray beam enters through the anterior aspect and exits through the posterior aspect of the chest. AP chest x-rays are harder to read than PA x-rays and are therefore generally reserved for situations
380:
where it is difficult for the patient to get an ordinary chest x-ray, such as when the patient is bedridden. In this situation, mobile X-ray equipment is used to obtain a lying down chest x-ray (known as a "supine film"). As a result, most supine films are also AP.
338:
1201:
The air bronchogram sign, where branching radiolucent columns of air corresponding to bronchi is seen, usually indicates air-space (alveolar) disease, as from blood, pus, mucus, cells, protein surrounding the air bronchograms. This is seen in
253:
initial chest radiography. Unless a fractured rib is suspected of being displaced, and therefore likely to cause damage to the lungs and other tissue structures, x-ray of the chest is not necessary as it will not alter patient management.
1297:
531:
of the film can be assessed by faint visualization of the thoracic spines and lung markings behind the heart. The right diaphragm is usually higher than the left, with the liver being situated beneath it in the abdomen. The
383:
Lateral views of the chest are obtained in a similar fashion as the posteroanterior views, except in the lateral view, the patient stands with both arms raised and the left side of the chest pressed against a flat surface.
1246:
552:, in particular the spine or paraspinal soft tissues; normally it should measure 3 mm or less. The left paratracheal stripe is more variable and only seen in 25% of normal patients on posteroanterior views.
840:
The differential for diffuse shadowing is very broad and can defeat even the most experienced radiologist. It is seldom possible to reach a diagnosis on the basis of the chest radiograph alone: high-resolution
832:
Pleural thickening may cause blunting of the costophrenic angle, but is distinguished from pleural fluid by the fact that it occurs as a linear shadow ascending vertically and clinging to the ribs.
567:
is blurred, for example, this suggests the lesion to be from the corresponding lower lobe. If the right heart border is blurred, than the pathology is likely in the right middle lobe, though a
1226:
1373:
Fred A. Mettler, Walter Huda, Terry T. Yoshizumi, Mahadevappa Mahesh: "Effective Doses in
Radiology and Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine: A Catalog" – Radiology 2008;248:254–263
1577:, OB-GYN 101: Introductory Obstetrics & Gynecology. © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Medical Education Division, Brookside Associates, Ltd. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
2552:
571:
deformity can also blur the right heard border due to indentation of the adjacent sternum. If the left heart border is blurred, this implies a process at the
394:
1006:(sometimes called "reticulonodular" because of the appearance of nodules at the intersection of the lines, even though there are no true nodules present)
1587:
Khan, Nausheen; Thebe, Dimakatso C.; Suleman, Farhanah; Van de Werke, Irma (2015). "Pitfalls and mimics: The many facets of normal paediatric thymus".
459:
view – useful for the visualization of the ribs and sternum. Although it is necessary to do the appropriate adaptations to the x-ray dosage to be used.
1125:
A chest X-ray showing a very prominent wedge-shape area of airspace consolidation in the right lung characteristic of acute bacterial lobar pneumonia.
813:
on the posteroanterior chest radiograph. On a lateral decubitus, amounts as small as 50ml of fluid are possible. Pleural effusions typically have a
134:
used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures. Chest radiographs are the most common film taken in medicine.
1448:
1325:
548:, with a normal angle of approximately 60 degrees. The right paratracheal stripe is also important to assess, as it can reflect a process in the
1313:
364:) of the chest can be obtained by changing the relative orientation of the body and the direction of the x-ray beam. The most common views are
221:
Chest radiographs are used to diagnose many conditions involving the chest wall, including its bones, and also structures contained within the
63:
59:
2267:
1951:
1522:
Gibbs, JM; Chandrasekhar, CA; Ferguson, EC; Oldham, SA (2007). "Lines and stripes: where did they go?--From conventional radiography to CT".
1412:
956:
2081:
1431:
161:) for a front view (PA, or posteroanterior) and 0.08 mSv (8 mrem) for a side view (LL, or latero-lateral). Together, this corresponds to a
2093:
555:
Localization of lesions or inflammatory and infectious processes can be difficult to discern on chest radiograph, but can be inferred by
2421:
1693:
1355:
generator in the upper left chest and the electrical lead inside the right heart. Note both radio-opaque coils along the device lead.
2529:
2059:
980:
1285:
1348:
45:
2064:
1389:
497:
1150:
162:
1905:
1574:
1203:
1140:
1198:
is especially helpful in localizing lung lesions. (e.g., loss of right heart border in right middle lobe pneumonia),
2457:
2336:
2076:
1985:
2617:
1915:
536:
can sometimes be seen on the right as a thin horizontal line at the level of the fifth or sixth rib. Splaying of the
1633:
1628:
1900:
1895:
1778:
1096:
944:
910:
790:
716:
623:
2622:
1980:
1963:
2341:
2188:
2088:
2071:
952:
2284:
2467:
2321:
1920:
1795:
1787:
1686:
1135:
1108:
1067:
1062:
1009:
968:
903:
710:
1660:
2578:
2512:
2444:
2434:
2412:
2183:
2151:
1782:
1666:
2242:
2210:
2193:
17:
2316:
2051:
1791:
1332:
1072:
1032:
39:
2557:
2225:
2215:
1014:
948:
914:
517:
195:
1646:
2596:
2547:
2326:
2205:
2178:
1939:
1724:
1679:
1113:
996:
986:
decreased (e.g., fibrotic lung disease, chronic sarcoidosis, chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis)
972:
501:
484:
359:
242:
127:
70:
1409:
2495:
2331:
2272:
2257:
2146:
1968:
1944:
1173:
158:
1428:
1220:, normal anatomic structures or harmless variants that may simulate diseases and abnormalities.
2366:
2235:
2166:
1973:
1037:
937:
899:
521:
215:
2230:
2161:
2027:
1910:
1829:
1736:
1253:
783:
769:
549:
413:– taken while the patient is lying down, typically on their side. Useful for differentiating
326:
249:
for job-related lung disease in industries such as mining where workers are exposed to dust.
1655:
1475:"Diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension from radiographic estimates of pulmonary arterial size"
1307:, showing the transition of thoracic structures between the anteroposterior and lateral view
2573:
2262:
2200:
2022:
1383:
1145:
1077:
925:
720:
627:
246:
346:
8:
2519:
2397:
2220:
1956:
1257:
1237:
933:
842:
520:. Enlargement of the right descending pulmonary artery can indirectly reflect changes of
2507:
2356:
2351:
2252:
2135:
1990:
1741:
1499:
1474:
814:
810:
806:
619:
560:
513:
456:
426:
142:
44:
A normal posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph of someone without any signs of injury.
738:
A cavity is a walled hollow structure within the lungs. Diagnosis is aided by noting:
2346:
2311:
2306:
2247:
1995:
1844:
1604:
1539:
1504:
537:
528:
297:
iaphragm, e.g. evidence of free air, indicative of perforation of an abdominal viscus
54:
2173:
2032:
1804:
1596:
1531:
1494:
1486:
1274:
with an acute myocardial infarction may have a completely normal chest radiograph.
992:
859:
802:
568:
505:
436:
417:
from consolidation (e.g. pneumonia) and loculated effusions from free fluid in the
414:
809:
on the lateral chest radiograph and 200 mL of pleural fluid in order to blunt the
500:
or foreign body aspiration. A decrease implies hypoventilation, as can occur with
90:
2382:
1834:
1800:
1773:
1768:
1702:
1650:
1435:
1416:
1410:
Using
Digital Chest Images to Monitor the Health of Coal Miners and Other Workers
1217:
1195:
976:
921:
822:
686:
609:
556:
316:
245:
are very commonly diagnosed by chest radiograph. Chest radiographs are also used
222:
205:
76:
817:
visible on an erect chest radiograph, but loculated effusions (as occur with an
256:
The main regions where a chest X-ray may identify problems may be summarized as
2524:
1613:
1352:
1103:
895:
726:
572:
524:, with a size greater than 16 mm abnormal in men and 15 mm in women.
440:
418:
1656:
Introduction to chest radiology: a tutorial for learning to read a chest x-ray
2611:
2156:
2125:
2113:
2108:
1866:
1761:
1608:
778:
651:
633:
There are a number of features that are helpful in suggesting the diagnosis:
564:
533:
210:
200:
173:
999:. The presence of a pleural effusion argues against pneumocystis pneumonia.
2539:
2392:
2387:
2294:
2118:
2103:
2037:
1638:
1600:
1543:
1319:
Chest film showing increased opacity in both lungs, indicative of pneumonia
887:
826:
774:
682:
640:
Doubling time of less than one month: sarcoma/infection/infarction/vascular
603:
450:
398:
303:
dges, e.g. apices for fibrosis, pneumothorax, pleural thickening or plaques
234:
190:
1508:
805:. There needs to be at least 75 mL of pleural fluid in order to blunt the
2462:
2017:
1849:
1839:
1819:
1809:
1751:
1746:
1715:
1535:
1490:
1051:
1019:
883:
705:
589:
545:
541:
509:
488:
473:
138:
84:
516:
markings due to parenchymal crowding, which can mimic the appearance of
100:
2098:
1861:
1856:
1824:
1663:
Free Web
Tutorials for Chest Anatomy and Lung Malignancies in Radiology
1178:
1082:
1027:
692:
446:
2425:
2361:
1814:
1165:
1056:
891:
700:
425:(by comparison to an up-right view, when it often accumulates in the
410:
238:
185:
150:
2448:
1261:
1121:
929:
696:
643:
Doubling time of six to 18 months: benign tumor/malignant granuloma
596:
432:
1671:
2477:
1880:
1304:
818:
761:
615:
154:
1521:
468:
2472:
1233:
995:
may occur with cancer, sarcoid, connective tissue diseases and
846:
801:
Fluid in space between the lung and the chest wall is termed a
756:
677:
If the nodules are multiple, the differential is then smaller:
2499:
1710:
230:
146:
131:
1586:
646:
Doubling time of more than 24 months: benign nodule neoplasm
329:
with prominent vascularity with or without pleural effusions
226:
592:
is a discrete opacity in the lung which may be caused by:
1644:
Database of chest radiology related to emergency medicine
1643:
477:
1419:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
153:
dose to an adult from a chest radiograph is around 0.02
845:
of the chest is usually required and sometimes a lung
874:
consolidation (diffuse opacity with air bronchograms)
1429:
medicalmnemonics.com > Chest X-ray interpretation
181:
Conditions commonly identified by chest radiography
540:can also suggest a tumor or process in the middle
267:irways, including hilar adenopathy or enlargement
2609:
285:ardiac silhouette, detecting cardiac enlargement
1473:Bush, A; Gray, H; Denison, DM (February 1988).
1472:
291:ostophrenic angles, including pleural effusions
279:ones, e.g. rib fractures and lytic bone lesions
1561:(1st ed.). JMD Books. pp. 541 pages.
1687:
957:bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
1667:Yale: Introduction to Cardiothoracic Imaging
1376:
1694:
1680:
849:. The following features should be noted:
149:to generate images of the chest. The mean
38:
1498:
853:type of shadowing (lines, dots or rings)
2530:Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
1559:Chest Radiology: Exam Revision Made Easy
1120:
796:
483:
467:
345:
337:
172:
1570:
1568:
981:allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
46:Dx and Sin stand for "right" and "left"
14:
2610:
1556:
1384:"Radiation Dose in X-Ray and CT Exams"
1349:implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
879:location (where is the lesion worst?)
319:), being evidence of alveolar flooding
1675:
1390:Radiological Society of North America
1291:Chest X-ray PA inverted and enhanced.
1236:, which can give the impression of a
439:, to pick up abnormalities such as a
1565:
1151:infant respiratory distress syndrome
835:
563:with adjacent structures. If either
449:view – helpful for the diagnosis of
163:background radiation equivalent time
1701:
1639:eMedicine Radiology: Chest articles
1557:Gandhi, Sanjay (December 7, 2013).
1347:A chest film after insertion of an
1141:desquamative interstitial pneumonia
404:
24:
2337:Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
1589:South African Journal of Radiology
1449:"Chest X-ray quality – Projection"
862:(lines paralleling bony landmarks)
764:(usually from a pulmonary embolus)
25:
2634:
1622:
1211:
787:), anaerobic bacteria, and fungus
491:structures on a chest radiograph.
480:and some other landmarks labeled.
2592:
2591:
1340:
1324:
1312:
1296:
1284:
1245:
1225:
1097:cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
945:cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
911:cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
791:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
717:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
624:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
578:
512:. Underexpansion can also cause
387:
350:Normal lateral chest radiograph.
342:Positioning for a PA chest x-ray
177:Dedicated chest radiography room
2094:Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
1634:USUHS: Basic Chest X-Ray Review
1580:
1252:The inferior skin folds of the
856:reticular (crisscrossing lines)
748:changes in the surrounding lung
168:
2342:Radioactive iodine uptake test
1550:
1515:
1466:
1441:
1422:
1403:
1367:
1268:
953:chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
13:
1:
2322:Radionuclide ventriculography
1796:Lower gastrointestinal series
1788:Upper gastrointestinal series
1360:
1256:may give the impression of a
1204:Respiratory distress syndrome
1136:extrinsic allergic alveolitis
1109:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
1099:(late stage "honeycomb lung")
1068:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
1063:extrinsic allergic alveolitis
1010:idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
969:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
917:, asbestosis, drug reactions)
904:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
435:view – used to visualize the
27:Projection X-ray of the chest
2513:Optical coherence tomography
2435:Myocardial perfusion imaging
2023:Dental panoramic radiography
665:presence of a corona radiata
472:A chest radiograph with the
463:
141:, chest radiography employs
7:
1331:A chest radiograph showing
825:shape (the fluid making an
733:
715:auto-immune disease: e.g.,
10:
2639:
2317:Ventilation/perfusion scan
1792:Small-bowel follow-through
1333:bronchopulmonary dysplasia
1277:
1073:lymphangitis carcinomatosa
1033:lymphangitis carcinomatosa
1003:Reticular (linear) pattern
421:. In effusions, the fluid
327:alveolar air space disease
2587:
2566:
2558:Dynamic angiothermography
2538:
2494:
2443:
2420:
2410:
2375:
2302:
2292:
2283:
2226:Abdominal ultrasonography
2134:
2050:
2010:
1929:
1888:
1879:
1732:
1723:
1709:
1661:Chest Radiology Tutorials
1434:January 13, 2010, at the
1388:radiologyinfo.org by the
1015:connective tissue disease
949:connective tissue disease
915:connective tissue disease
865:nodular (many small dots)
583:
518:interstitial lung disease
196:Interstitial lung disease
97:
83:
69:
53:
37:
32:
2618:Projectional radiography
2548:Non-contact thermography
2327:Radionuclide angiography
2179:Doppler echocardiography
1303:Projectionally rendered
1186:
1114:lymphangioleiomyomatosis
997:lymphangioleiomyomatosis
973:lymphangioleiomyomatosis
502:restrictive lung disease
498:obstructive lung disease
333:
260:by their first letters:
243:congestive heart failure
2332:Radioisotope renography
1174:alveolar cell carcinoma
2623:Thorax (human anatomy)
2367:Gastric emptying study
1601:10.4102/sajr.v19i1.803
1126:
900:ankylosing spondylitis
829:with the chest wall).
544:or enlargement of the
522:pulmonary hypertension
492:
481:
351:
343:
216:Pulmonary tuberculosis
178:
2028:X-ray motion analysis
1911:X-ray microtomography
1830:Hysterosalpingography
1737:Pneumoencephalography
1453:Radiology Masterclass
1254:supraclavicular fossa
1124:
797:Pleural abnormalities
784:Klebsiella pneumoniae
781:bacteria (especially
770:Staphylococcus aureus
599:: benign or malignant
550:posterior mediastinum
487:
471:
349:
341:
176:
128:projection radiograph
2553:Contact thermography
2263:Emergency ultrasound
2201:Transcranial Doppler
1952:Abdominal and pelvis
1536:10.1148/rg.271065073
1491:10.1136/thx.43.2.127
1170:alveolar haemorrhage
1146:alveolar proteinosis
1078:miliary tuberculosis
926:alveolar proteinosis
752:The causes include:
721:rheumatoid arthritis
685:, fungal infection,
628:rheumatoid arthritis
309:xtrathoracic tissues
137:Like all methods of
2520:Confocal microscopy
2398:Indium-111 WBC scan
2221:Echoencephalography
1957:Virtual colonoscopy
1258:periosteal reaction
1238:widened mediastinum
1216:Disease mimics are
427:costophrenic angles
2508:Optical tomography
2357:Dacryoscintigraphy
2352:Immunoscintigraphy
1991:Whole body imaging
1742:Dental radiography
1649:2008-07-25 at the
1415:2019-01-28 at the
1127:
1024:radiation fibrosis
943:peripheral (e.g.,
811:costophrenic angle
807:costophrenic angle
725:inhalation (e.g.,
561:hilum overlay sign
493:
482:
352:
344:
179:
165:of about 10 days.
143:ionizing radiation
2605:
2604:
2567:Target conditions
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2406:
2405:
2347:Bone scintigraphy
2312:Scintimammography
2307:Cholescintigraphy
2152:contrast-enhanced
2046:
2045:
2006:
2005:
1996:Full-body CT scan
1896:General operation
1875:
1874:
1845:Angiocardiography
1629:Chest X-ray Atlas
993:Pleural effusions
967:increased (e.g.,
836:Diffuse shadowing
767:infection: e.g.,
506:pleural effusions
415:pleural effusions
108:
107:
16:(Redirected from
2630:
2595:
2594:
2418:
2417:
2300:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2174:Echocardiography
2033:Hounsfield scale
1886:
1885:
1805:Cholecystography
1730:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1616:
1612:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1445:
1439:
1426:
1420:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1344:
1328:
1316:
1300:
1288:
1249:
1229:
1218:visual artifacts
934:Kaposi's sarcoma
860:companion shadow
803:pleural effusion
691:neoplasm: e.g.,
437:apex of the lung
405:Additional views
112:chest radiograph
101:edit on Wikidata
93:
79:
42:
33:Chest radiograph
30:
29:
21:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2583:
2562:
2534:
2482:
2468:PET mammography
2439:
2402:
2388:Gallium-67 scan
2383:Octreotide scan
2371:
2279:
2130:
2042:
2002:
1925:
1906:High-resolution
1871:
1835:Skeletal survey
1801:Cholangiography
1714:
1705:
1703:Medical imaging
1700:
1651:Wayback Machine
1625:
1620:
1619:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1555:
1551:
1520:
1516:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1436:Wayback Machine
1427:
1423:
1417:Wayback Machine
1408:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1345:
1336:
1329:
1320:
1317:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1264:
1250:
1241:
1230:
1214:
1196:silhouette sign
1189:
1059:/pneumoconiosis
1046:Nodular pattern
977:cystic fibrosis
922:pulmonary edema
920:central (e.g.,
838:
799:
736:
637:rate of growth
610:round pneumonia
586:
581:
466:
407:
390:
370:anteroposterior
366:posteroanterior
358:(also known as
336:
317:lung parenchyma
223:thoracic cavity
171:
145:in the form of
104:
89:
75:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2525:Endomicroscopy
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2415:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1798:
1785:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1623:External links
1621:
1618:
1617:
1579:
1564:
1549:
1514:
1465:
1440:
1421:
1402:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1351:, showing the
1346:
1339:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1231:
1224:
1213:
1212:Disease mimics
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:bronchiectasis
1100:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1004:
990:
989:
988:
987:
984:
962:
961:
960:
941:
918:
907:
896:pneumoconiosis
877:
876:
875:
872:
869:
868:rings or cysts
866:
863:
857:
837:
834:
798:
795:
794:
793:
788:
765:
759:
750:
749:
746:
743:
742:wall thickness
735:
732:
731:
730:
727:pneumoconiosis
723:
713:
708:
703:
689:
675:
674:
671:
668:
667:
666:
663:
660:
654:
649:
648:
647:
644:
641:
631:
630:
612:
606:
600:
585:
582:
580:
577:
465:
462:
461:
460:
454:
444:
441:Pancoast tumor
430:
406:
403:
389:
386:
335:
332:
331:
330:
320:
310:
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
225:including the
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
170:
167:
106:
105:
98:
95:
94:
87:
81:
80:
73:
67:
66:
57:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2635:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Ga-68-DOTATOC
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Intravascular
2204:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2126:Synthetic MRI
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Electron beam
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1867:Orbital x-ray
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:Bronchography
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:Radiographics
1518:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1485:(2): 127–31.
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1160:Consolidation
1159:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
998:
994:
985:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:
912:
909:lower (e.g.,
908:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
882:upper (e.g.,
881:
880:
878:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
852:
851:
850:
848:
844:
833:
830:
828:
824:
821:) may have a
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
792:
789:
786:
785:
780:
779:Gram negative
776:
772:
771:
766:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
747:
744:
741:
740:
739:
728:
724:
722:
718:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
688:
687:septic emboli
684:
680:
679:
678:
672:
669:
664:
661:
658:
657:
655:
653:
652:calcification
650:
645:
642:
639:
638:
636:
635:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
611:
607:
605:
601:
598:
595:
594:
593:
591:
579:Abnormalities
576:
574:
570:
566:
565:hemidiaphragm
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:minor fissure
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
490:
486:
479:
476:parts of the
475:
470:
458:
455:
452:
448:
445:
442:
438:
434:
431:
428:
424:
420:
419:pleural space
416:
412:
409:
408:
402:
400:
396:
388:Typical views
385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
357:
348:
340:
328:
325:ailure, e.g.
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
273:reast shadows
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
261:
259:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:great vessels
232:
228:
224:
217:
214:
212:
211:Hiatal hernia
209:
207:
206:Bone fracture
204:
202:
201:Heart failure
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
182:
175:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
102:
96:
92:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
72:
68:
65:
61:
58:
56:
52:
48:respectively.
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2574:Acute stroke
2540:Thermography
2295:scintigraphy
2285:Radionuclide
2273:pre-hospital
2119:Tractography
2038:Radiodensity
1940:calcium scan
1901:Quantitative
1756:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1558:
1552:
1530:(1): 33–48.
1527:
1523:
1517:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1424:
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1387:
1378:
1369:
1272:
1232:A prominent
1215:
1130:Ground glass
991:
964:lung volume
888:tuberculosis
871:ground glass
839:
831:
827:obtuse angle
800:
782:
775:tuberculosis
768:
751:
745:wall outline
737:
683:tuberculosis
676:
632:
604:tuberculosis
587:
557:silhouetting
554:
527:Appropriate
526:
514:interstitial
494:
451:pneumothorax
422:
399:tuberculosis
391:
382:
378:
373:
369:
365:
360:
355:
353:
322:
312:
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
276:
270:
264:
257:
255:
251:
220:
191:Pneumothorax
180:
169:Medical uses
136:
123:
119:
115:
111:
109:
2463:Cardiac PET
2236:renal tract
2211:Gynecologic
2143:Techniques
2114:restriction
2089:Angiography
2072:Neurography
2018:Fluoroscopy
1964:Angiography
1945:angiography
1889:Techniques:
1850:Aortography
1840:Angiography
1820:Cystography
1810:Mammography
1752:Myelography
1747:Sialography
1716:radiography
1614:(CC BY 4.0)
1575:Chest X-Ray
1269:Limitations
1052:sarcoidosis
1020:sarcoidosis
706:sarcoidosis
681:infection:
608:Infection:
602:Granuloma:
590:lung nodule
546:left atrium
542:mediastinum
529:penetration
510:atelectasis
489:Mediastinal
361:projections
139:radiography
116:chest X-ray
85:MedlinePlus
18:Chest x-ray
2612:Categories
2376:Full body:
2162:endoscopic
2136:Ultrasound
2065:functional
1862:Lymphogram
1857:Venography
1825:Arthrogram
1458:27 January
1396:2017-08-10
1361:References
1179:vasculitis
1083:metastases
1028:asbestosis
823:lenticular
711:alveolitis
693:metastases
614:Vascular:
447:Expiratory
423:layers out
354:Different
124:chest film
2579:Pregnancy
2458:Brain PET
2426:gamma ray
2362:DMSA scan
2216:Obstetric
2109:diffusion
2104:Sequences
2082:perfusion
1974:Pulmonary
1921:Cone beam
1815:Pyelogram
1609:2078-6778
1166:pneumonia
1057:silicosis
892:silicosis
701:hamartoma
662:lobulated
464:Landmarks
411:Decubitus
247:to screen
239:Pneumonia
186:Pneumonia
151:radiation
2597:Category
2449:positron
1969:Coronary
1647:Archived
1544:17234997
1432:Archived
1413:Archived
1262:clavicle
930:lymphoma
815:meniscus
734:Cavities
697:lymphoma
597:Neoplasm
559:and the
433:Lordotic
55:ICD-9-CM
2496:Optical
2478:PET-MRI
2258:Carotid
2253:Scrotal
2147:doppler
2077:Cardiac
1986:Thyroid
1930:Targets
1881:CT scan
1509:3353884
1500:1020754
1305:CT scan
1278:Gallery
1260:of the
1102:cystic
884:sarcoid
819:empyema
762:infarct
656:margin
616:infarct
573:lingula
457:Oblique
374:lateral
315:ields (
130:of the
77:D013902
2473:PET-CT
2248:Breast
2243:Rectal
2167:duplex
2099:Breast
1936:Heart
1607:
1542:
1507:
1497:
1479:Thorax
1234:thymus
1091:Cystic
847:biopsy
757:cancer
659:smooth
584:Nodule
538:carina
372:, and
258:ABCDEF
233:, and
147:X-rays
122:), or
91:003804
2500:Laser
2422:SPECT
2231:renal
2060:Brain
2011:Other
1711:X-ray
1595:(1).
1353:shock
1187:Signs
1153:(RDS)
670:shape
620:varix
569:cavum
474:angle
356:views
334:Views
231:heart
227:lungs
132:chest
126:is a
99:[
2268:FAST
1981:Head
1605:ISSN
1540:PMID
1505:PMID
1460:2016
1438:2002
1194:The
673:site
478:ribs
395:stat
241:and
159:mrem
71:MeSH
64:87.4
60:87.3
2445:PET
2413:ECT
2411:3D/
2293:2D/
2194:ICE
2189:TEE
2184:TTE
2052:MRI
1783:DXR
1779:DXA
1774:KUB
1769:AXR
1757:CXR
1597:doi
1532:doi
1495:PMC
1487:doi
1038:PCP
938:PCP
508:or
401:).
157:(2
155:mSv
120:CXR
2614::
2451:):
2428:):
2157:3D
1725:2D
1603:.
1593:19
1591:.
1567:^
1538:.
1528:27
1526:.
1503:.
1493:.
1483:43
1481:.
1477:.
1451:.
1386:.
979:,
975:,
971:,
955:,
951:,
947:,
936:,
932:,
928:,
924:,
913:,
902:,
898:,
890:,
886:,
843:CT
777:,
773:,
719:,
699:,
695:,
626:,
622:,
618:,
588:A
575:.
504:,
429:).
368:,
237:.
229:,
114:,
110:A
2498:/
2447:(
2424:(
1803:/
1794:/
1790:/
1781:/
1713:/
1695:e
1688:t
1681:v
1611:.
1599::
1546:.
1534::
1511:.
1489::
1462:.
1399:.
1335:.
1240:.
983:)
959:)
940:)
906:)
894:/
729:)
453:.
443:.
323:F
313:F
307:E
301:E
295:D
289:C
283:C
277:B
271:B
265:A
118:(
103:]
62:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_chest_radiograph_(X-ray).jpg)
