629:
1685:
1710:
1735:
1922:
1793:
453:
1756:
597:
1934:
1628:(NIH) examines ways to reduce the likelihood of falling, the force of the fall, and bone fragility. To prevent at-home falls they suggest keeping cords out of high-traffic areas where someone could trip, installing handrails and keeping stairways well-lit, and installing an assistive bar near the bathtub in the washroom for support. To reduce the impact of a fall the NIH recommends to try falling straight down on your buttocks or onto your hands.
1875:
58:
621:
224:
1845:
558:
1907:
1597:
Both high- and low-force trauma can cause bone fracture injuries. Preventive efforts to reduce motor vehicle crashes, the most common cause of high-force trauma, include reducing distractions while driving. Common distractions are driving under the influence and texting or calling while driving, both
243:
of the affected limb. Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures. Complications of
2203:
waves may be suggested as an alternative to surgery to reduce the healing time for non-union fractures. The proposed mechanism of action is by stimulating osteoblasts and other proteins that form bones using these modalities. The evidence supporting the use of ultrasound and shockwave therapy for
516:
within 6 weeks in adults and less in children. This initial "woven" bone does not have the strong mechanical properties of mature bone. By a process of remodelling, the woven bone is replaced by mature "lamellar" bone. The whole process may take up to 18 months, but in adults, the strength of the
1654:
Taking calcium and vitamin D supplements can help strengthen your bones. Vitamin D supplements combined with additional calcium marginally reduces the risk of hip fractures and other types of fracture in older adults; however, vitamin D supplementation alone did not reduce the risk of fractures.
833:
An anatomical classification may begin with specifying the involved body part, such as the head or arm, followed by more specific localization. Fractures that have additional definition criteria than merely localization often may be classified as subtypes of fractures, such as a
572:
often is performed to confirm the diagnosis. Under certain circumstances, radiographic examination of the nearby joints is indicated in order to exclude dislocations and fracture-dislocations. In situations where projectional radiography alone is insufficient,
3096:
2580:
Kanis, J. A.; Johnell, O.; Oden, A.; Johansson, H.; De Laet, C.; Eisman, J. A.; Fujiwara, S.; Kroger, H.; McCloskey, E. V.; Mellstrom, D.; Melton, L. J.; Pols, H.; Reeve, J.; Silman, A.; Tenenhouse, A. (2004). "Smoking and fracture risk: A meta-analysis".
2409:
2215:
exercises (either home-based or physiotherapist-led) to improve functional mobility and strength, gait training for hip fractures, and other physical exercise are also often suggested to help recover physical capacities after a fracture has healed.
2238:
A greenstick fracture occurs due to mechanical failure on the tension side. That is since the bone is not so brittle as it would be in an adult, it does not completely fracture, but rather exhibits bowing without complete disruption of the bone's
2076:
methods of treating fractures have their own risks and benefits, but usually, surgery is performed only if conservative treatment has failed, is very likely to fail, or is likely to result in a poor functional outcome. With some fractures such as
1941:
Treatment of bone fractures are broadly classified as surgical or conservative, the latter basically referring to any non-surgical procedure, such as pain management, immobilization or other non-surgical stabilization. A similar classification is
2006:
of the injured part after healing. Bone fractures typically are treated by restoring the fractured pieces of bone to their natural positions (if necessary), and maintaining those positions while the bone heals. Often, aligning the bone, called
842:. Most typical examples in an orthopaedic classification given in the previous section cannot be classified appropriately into any specific part of an anatomical classification, however, as they may apply to multiple anatomical fracture sites.
456:
Stages in
Fracture Repair: The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. (b) Internal and external calli form. (c) Cartilage of the calli is replaced by trabecular bone. (d) Remodeling
3503:
Drendel, Amy L.; Gorelick, Marc H.; Weisman, Steven J.; Lyon, Roger; Brousseau, David C.; Kim, Michael K. (2009). "A Randomized
Clinical Trial of Ibuprofen Versus Paracetamol with Codeine for Acute Pediatric Arm Fracture Pain".
2401:
2026:
or splint that holds the bones in position and immobilizes the joints above and below the fracture. When the initial post-fracture oedema or swelling goes down, the fracture may be placed in a removable brace or
4071:
4049:
1929:
angle fracture; fixation of the bone fragments by the plates, the principles of osteosynthesis are stability (immobility of the fragments that creates the conditions for bones coalescence) and functionality
2085:), surgery is offered routinely because non-operative treatment results in prolonged immobilisation, which commonly results in complications including chest infections, pressure sores, deconditioning,
489:
fibres. In this way, the blood clot is replaced by a matrix of collagen. Collagen's rubbery consistency allows bone fragments to move only a small amount unless severe or persistent force is applied.
818:
Incomplete fracture – a fracture in which the bone fragments are still partially joined, in such cases, there is a crack in the osseous tissue that does not completely traverse the width of the bone.
643:, fractures are classified in various ways. Historically they are named after the physician who first described the fracture conditions, however, there are more systematic classifications as well.
3246:
Court-Brown, Charles M.; Bugler, Kate E.; Clement, Nicholas D.; Duckworth, Andrew D.; McQueen, Margaret M. (June 2012). "The epidemiology of open fractures in adults. A 15-year review".
3352:
1609:(as opposed to the more common intracity 50 km/h / 30 mph) also drastically reduce the risk of accident, serious injury and even death in crashes between motor vehicles and humans.
2714:
2058:
may be used in cases of deep, complex intra-articular digit fractures. By allowing only limited movement, immobilization helps preserve anatomical alignment while enabling
2910:
549:
Smokers generally have lower bone density than non-smokers, so they have a much higher risk of fractures. There is also evidence that smoking delays bone healing.
528:
intake) will help the bone healing process. Weight-bearing stress on bone, after the bone has healed sufficiently to bear the weight, also builds bone strength.
1504:
The
Orthopaedic Trauma Association Committee for Coding and Classification published its classification system in 1996, adopting a similar system to the 1987
668:– a fracture through a bone that has been made weak by some underlying disease is called pathological fracture. e.g., a fracture through a bone weakened by
3920:
Pradhan, Sara; Chiu, Sarah; Burton, Claire; Forsyth, Jacky; Corp, Nadia; Paskins, Zoe; van der Windt, Danielle A.; Babatunde, Opeyemi O. (3 June 2022).
3010:
Marsh, J. L.; Slongo, T. F.; Agel, J; Broderick, J. S.; Creevey, W; Decoster, T. A.; Prokuski, L; Sirkin, M. S.; Ziran, B; Henley, B; Audigé, L (2007).
2204:
improving unions is very weak and it is likely that these approaches do not make a clinically significant difference for a delayed union or non-union.
3724:
3639:
3849:
2887:
1347:– a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane
3221:
3080:
4907:
3126:
2035:, screws, plates, and wires are used to hold the fractured bone together more directly. Alternatively, fractured bones may be treated by the
3481:
3012:"Fracture and dislocation classification compendium - 2007: Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, database and outcomes committee"
1598:
of which lead to an approximate 6-fold increase in crashes. Wearing a seatbelt can also reduce the likelihood of injury in a collision. 30
3344:
3691:
Klokkevold PR, Jovanovic SA (2002). "Advanced
Implant Surgery and Bone Grafting Techniques". In Newman MG, Takei HM, Carranza FA (eds.).
2738:
2359:
2011:, in a good position and verifying the improved alignment with an X-ray is all that is needed. This process is extremely painful without
2163:, reducing the strength of the connections. If dissimilar metals are installed in contact with one another (i.e., a titanium plate with
1373:
2439:
535:
slowing the rate of healing, there is not enough evidence to warrant withholding the use of this type analgesic in simple fractures.
2256:
of the bone, in which the bone permanently bends, but does not break, also is possible in children. These injuries may require an
1499:
714:. Reports indicate an incidence of infection after internal fixation of closed fracture of 1-2%, rising to 30% in open fractures.
2704:
2632:
215:, and nerve roots (for spine fractures), or cranial contents (for skull fractures) may cause other specific signs and symptoms.
1362:
1034:
3669:
3192:
2472:
1639:
and having a realistic estimation of one's own capabilities and limitations can all help reduce the risk of bone fracture. In
3090:
2383:
2353:
4268:
3751:"Healing of fracture nonunions treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS): A systematic review and meta-analysis"
3451:
1552:
1107:
2951:
962:– compression injury to the anterior portion of a vertebral body with concomitant distraction injury to posterior elements
496:
in the form of collagen monomers. These monomers spontaneously assemble to form the bone matrix, for which bone crystals (
5237:
4173:
2097:, surgery is also commonly recommended to make an accurate anatomical reduction and restore the smoothness of the joint.
1796:
1517:
461:
The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed, forming a fracture
309:
1508:
system. In 2007, they extended their system, unifying the two systems regarding wrist, hand, foot, and ankle fractures.
4661:
3584:"Cast versus splint in children with minimally angulated fractures of the distal radius: A randomized controlled trial"
1878:
1713:
1401:
3700:
2494:
Sloan, A.; Hussain, I.; Maqsood, M.; Eremin, O.; El-Sheemy, M. (2010). "The effects of smoking on fracture healing".
2065:
Splinting results in the same outcome as casting in children who have a distal radius fracture with little shifting.
244:
fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. These are as follows –
5242:
4798:
1848:
2103:
is especially dangerous in bones, due to the recrudescent nature of bone infections. Bone tissue is predominantly
1954:
refers to any treatment in which the fracture site is opened surgically, regardless of whether the fracture is an
628:
17:
2813:
Mellick, Larry B.; Milker, Laura; Egsieker, Erik (1999). "Childhood accidental spiral tibial (CAST) fractures".
5293:
4417:
4336:
2968:"Fracture and dislocation compendium. Orthopaedic Trauma Association Committee for Coding and Classification".
2268:
2008:
1820:(a medical condition which causes bones to become brittle and susceptible to fracture, with or without trauma)
1759:
1689:
1103:
3345:"Preventing Falls and Related Fractures | NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center"
1358:
799:(a medical condition which causes bones to become brittle and susceptible to fracture, with or without trauma)
3539:
Keramidas EG, Miller G (October 2005). "The Suzuki frame for complex intraarticular fractures of the thumb".
28:
2015:, about as painful as breaking the bone itself. To this end, a fractured limb usually is immobilized with a
4934:
4902:
3716:
3631:
2159:
and its alloys. The heat generated by the friction of installing hardware can accumulate easily and damage
1625:
3294:
Sidwell, Richard; Matar, Maher M.; Sakran, Joseph V. (1 October 2017). "Trauma
Education and Prevention".
1635:. Preventive measures depend to some extent on the specific sport, but learning proper technique, wearing
4422:
2654:
Metsemakers, WJ; Onsea, J; Neutjens, E; Steffens, E; Schuermans, A; McNally, M; Nijs, S (December 2017).
2250:, require careful treatment and accurate reduction to make sure that the bone continues to grow normally.
1574:
646:
They may be divided into stable versus unstable depending on the likelihood that they may shift further.
508:
a mineralized collagen matrix; if the mineral is dissolved out of bone, it becomes rubbery. Healing bone
4140:
3160:
2895:
1937:
Proximal femur nail with locking and stabilisation screws for treatment of femur fractures of left thigh
1684:
4311:
4186:
3922:"Overall Effects and Moderators of Rehabilitation in Patients With Wrist Fracture: A Systematic Review"
1983:
1709:
1570:
1475:– a fracture of one of the three cuneiform bones typically due to direct blow, axial load, or avulsion
578:
882:
and surrounding structures in a usually bilateral and either horizontal, pyramidal, or transverse way.
138:, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as
5257:
4975:
4646:
4412:
4316:
4263:
3863:
Searle, Henry Kc; Lewis, Sharon R.; Coyle, Conor; Welch, Matthew; Griffin, Xavier L. (3 March 2023).
3217:
2002:
is a natural process that will occur most often, fracture treatment aims to ensure the best possible
1636:
1350:
921:
875:
763:
544:
3078:
2230:
In children, whose bones are still developing, there are risks of either a growth plate injury or a
568:
A bone fracture may be diagnosed based on the history given and the physical examination performed.
504:. This mineralization of the collagen matrix stiffens it and transforms it into bone. In fact, bone
4871:
4863:
4086:
3749:
Leighton, R.; Watson, J.T; Giannoudis, P.; Papakostidis, C.; Harrison, A.; Steen, R.G. (May 2017).
3376:"Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men"
2911:"Isolated Medial Cuneiform Fractures: A Systematic Search and Qualitative Analysis of Case Studies"
2286:
2020:
1142:
590:
3118:
2850:"Posterior fracture-dislocation of the distal part of the fibula. Mechanism and staging of injury"
1624:
A common cause of low-force trauma is an at-home fall. When considering preventative efforts, the
5324:
5102:
5097:
4492:
4477:
4166:
2305:
2247:
1283:
1121:
1095:
1030:
835:
151:
4058:
3473:
2849:
1469:– a fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress
122:) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any
5298:
5107:
4944:
4939:
4462:
4306:
4243:
1734:
1537:
1382:
1354:
1112:
1076:
1038:
1025:
929:
851:
497:
4126:
2735:
2341:
5286:
5072:
5032:
4876:
4846:
4670:
4605:
4526:
4321:
3843:
2344:. In Townsend, Courtney M.; Beauchamp, R. Daniel; Evers, B. Mark; Mattox, Kenneth L. (eds.).
2059:
1792:
1644:
1582:
1578:
1406:
1331:
1197:
1193:
1189:
916:
509:
126:
in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a
65:
Internal and external views of an arm with a compound fracture, both before and after surgery
3060:
2756:
1129:– a distal fracture of the radius with dorsal (posterior) displacement of the wrist and hand
5247:
4886:
4791:
4675:
4641:
4487:
2778:
Hunter, Tim B.; Peltier, Leonard F.; Lund, Pamela J. (2000). "Radiologic
History Exhibit".
2529:
Pountos, Ippokratis; Georgouli, Theodora; Calori, Giorgio M.; Giannoudis, Peter V. (2012).
2253:
2104:
2086:
1803:
1420:
1344:
1138:
949:
784:
481:
to the area, which gradually removes the non-viable material. The blood vessels also bring
320:
236:
3167:
2791:
2431:
8:
5329:
5082:
5052:
4531:
4482:
4472:
4326:
4253:
4220:
4210:
4205:
4075:
3436:
McDaniel, Dalton J.; Rehman, Uzma H. (2 November 2021). "Phalanx
Fractures of the Hand".
2231:
2225:
1885:
1599:
1559:
1203:
1135:– a distal fracture of the radius with volar (ventral) displacement of the wrist and hand
1132:
1126:
965:
865:
665:
574:
569:
561:
155:
2260:(bone cut) to realign the bone if it is fixed and cannot be realigned by closed methods.
5217:
5196:
5155:
5022:
4760:
4750:
4680:
4446:
4331:
4159:
4007:
3974:
3970:
3897:
3864:
3826:
3791:
3608:
3583:
3564:
3552:
3408:
3375:
3041:
2941:
2685:
2606:
2557:
2530:
2467:
2152:
2138:
2090:
2036:
2032:
1915:
1783:
1478:
1472:
1430:
1063:
1059:
973:
904:
751:
Shortened, a reduction in overall bone length when displaced fracture fragments overlap
683:
637:
3517:
2147:
occurs when plates or screws carry too large of a portion of the bone's load, causing
5067:
5062:
5017:
4651:
4600:
4559:
4516:
4467:
4384:
4379:
4371:
4291:
4200:
4097:
4012:
3994:
3969:
Fairhall, Nicola J.; Dyer, Suzanne M.; Mak, Jenson Cs; Diong, Joanna; Kwok, Wing S.;
3951:
3943:
3902:
3884:
3831:
3813:
3772:
3696:
3613:
3556:
3521:
3443:
3413:
3395:
3319:
3311:
3271:
3263:
3149:
3086:
3033:
3028:
3011:
2977:
2946:
2933:
2869:
2865:
2830:
2826:
2795:
2677:
2624:
2598:
2562:
2511:
2349:
1855:
1648:
1452:
1444:
1410:
1393:
1385:
1378:
1369:
1334:– an undisplaced and spiral fracture of the distal third to distal half of the tibia
1321:
1312:
1292:
1231:
1164:
1146:
1117:
1079:
1007:
1002:
997:
969:
892:
805:
659:
655:
303:
82:
70:
4080:
3568:
3045:
2689:
2610:
1921:
802:
Impacted fracture – a fracture caused when bone fragments are driven into each other
775:
Oblique fracture – a fracture that is diagonal to a bone's long axis (more than 30°)
5212:
5176:
4709:
4699:
4632:
4622:
4615:
4521:
4432:
4403:
4361:
4248:
4002:
3990:
3986:
3933:
3892:
3880:
3876:
3821:
3803:
3762:
3661:
3603:
3595:
3548:
3513:
3403:
3391:
3387:
3303:
3255:
3184:
3079:
Rüedi, etc. all; Thomas P. Rüedi; Richard E. Buckley; Christopher G. Moran (2007).
3023:
2925:
2861:
2822:
2787:
2667:
2590:
2552:
2542:
2503:
2462:
2240:
2212:
2143:
1643:
rules have been put in place to protect athlete health, such as the prohibition of
1618:
1617:
to zero through better traffic design and other measures and to drastically reduce
1565:
1541:
1461:
1414:
1339:
1299:
1263:
1242:
1169:
1049:
1019:
992:
980:
976:
856:
839:
478:
2531:"Do Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Affect Bone Healing? A Critical Analysis"
2380:
824:
Comminuted fracture – a fracture in which the bone has broken into several pieces.
4784:
4740:
4595:
4590:
4564:
4551:
4458:
4301:
4283:
4273:
4225:
4151:
4091:
3767:
3750:
3259:
2742:
2387:
2281:
2196:
2172:
2111:
needed to support this low metabolism are only able to bring a limited number of
2023:
1766:
1545:
1531:
1308:
1288:
1220:
1176:
1090:
959:
933:
899:
887:
860:
778:
772:
Transverse fracture – a fracture that is at a right angle to the bone's long axis
658:
fracture – a fracture due to sustained trauma. e.g., fractures caused by a fall,
135:
2507:
1173:
452:
235:
Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as
5269:
5264:
5087:
4954:
4755:
4745:
4610:
4581:
4536:
4296:
4258:
3437:
2301:
2051:
1861:
1807:
1640:
1614:
1603:
1466:
1457:
1325:
1278:
1273:
1099:
1083:
1054:
953:
943:
911:
879:
870:
846:
788:
679:
524:
smoking hinders the process of bone healing, and adequate nutrition (including
352:
228:
4102:
3307:
3140:
Mourad, L (1997). "Neer classification of fractures of the proximal humerus".
2672:
2655:
2594:
2093:, which are more dangerous than surgery. When a joint surface is damaged by a
5318:
5303:
5186:
5150:
5145:
4949:
4841:
4732:
4690:
4541:
4508:
4451:
4441:
4215:
3998:
3947:
3888:
3817:
3399:
3315:
3267:
2131:
2108:
1773:
1755:
1632:
1505:
1439:
1268:
1214:
1159:
1068:
707:
699:
204:
3808:
2656:"Prevention of fracture-related infection: a multidisciplinary care package"
5281:
5181:
5140:
5130:
5125:
5047:
4831:
4826:
4718:
4394:
4356:
4016:
3975:"Interventions for improving mobility after hip fracture surgery in adults"
3955:
3906:
3835:
3776:
3617:
3560:
3525:
3447:
3417:
3323:
3275:
3037:
2937:
2834:
2799:
2681:
2602:
2566:
2515:
2124:
2082:
2078:
2055:
1999:
1817:
1586:
1247:
1235:
1062:– a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the
1042:
1014:
987:
821:
Complete fracture – a fracture in which bone fragments separate completely.
796:
791:– usually occurs in the vertebrae, for example when the front portion of a
682:
fracture – a fracture at the point of mechanical weakness at the end of an
673:
474:
447:
314:
193:
139:
131:
3938:
3921:
3153:
2981:
2873:
2547:
2054:
them, which serves a similar function to making a cast. A device called a
520:
Several factors may help or hinder the bone healing process. For example,
477:
into the jelly-like matrix of the blood clot. The new blood vessels bring
5252:
5191:
5037:
4959:
4121:
2909:
Mabry, LM; Patti, TN; Ross, MD; Bleakley, CM; Gisselman, AS (July 2021).
2709:
2160:
2112:
2012:
1975:
1812:
Usually occurs in the vertebrae, for example when the front portion of a
1610:
1606:
596:
493:
212:
197:
167:
147:
75:
3599:
211:
Damage to adjacent structures such as nerves, muscles or blood vessels,
5160:
5042:
4881:
4821:
4765:
4235:
3374:
Avenell, Alison; Mak, Jenson C. S.; O'Connell, Dianne (14 April 2014).
3065:
2761:
2296:
2200:
2120:
1486:
1448:
1207:
1183:
696:
Closed/simple fractures are those in which the overlying skin is intact
669:
482:
240:
175:
143:
4146:
3790:
Victoria, Galkowski; Petrisor, Brad; Drew, Brian; Dick, David (2009).
2263:
Certain fractures mainly occur in children, including fracture of the
1933:
1631:
Some sports have a relatively high risk of bone fractures as a common
5012:
3172:
2257:
2176:
2116:
2115:
to an injury to fight infection. For this reason, open fractures and
2100:
1971:
1523:
1424:
1072:
808:– a fracture where a fragment of bone is separated from the main mass
769:
Linear fracture – a fracture that is parallel to the bone's long axis
711:
702:
involve wounds that communicate with the fracture, or where fracture
257:
complications – occurring in the initial few days after the fracture.
179:
4041:
3748:
1874:
517:
healing bone is usually 80% of normal by 3 months after the injury.
5276:
2929:
2264:
2168:
2156:
2094:
2028:
1987:
1926:
1813:
1255:
1226:
1179:
937:
792:
703:
640:
486:
466:
462:
357:
189:
57:
3582:
Boutis, K.; Willan, A.; Babyn, P.; Goeree, R.; Howard, A. (2010).
1860:
A fragment of bone is separated from the main mass (image shows a
940:
occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae
620:
589:"Compound Fracture" redirects here. For the 2013 horror film, see
3245:
2340:
Witmer, Daniel K.; Marshall, Silas T.; Browner, Bruce D. (2016).
2291:
2151:. This problem is reduced, but not eliminated, by the use of low-
2148:
2073:
2016:
1979:
924:– a fracture of the anteroinferior aspect of a cervical vertebral
781:– a fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted
525:
521:
501:
3865:"Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults"
2653:
2528:
4996:
4836:
4807:
4053:
2705:"Fractures of the extremities (general rules and nomenclature)"
2164:
2047:
1844:
1772:
At least one part of the bone has been twisted (image shows an
1388:
of the distal fibular fragment that becomes trapped behind the
1365:
532:
331:
239:. If not treated, eventually, compartment syndrome may require
223:
557:
3792:"Bone stimulation for fracture healing: What′s all the fuss?"
1911:
1389:
1316:
1295:
1251:
513:
185:
87:
1906:
5135:
3111:
2463:"Bone fracture repair: Procedures, risks, and healing time"
2184:
2043:
1303:
485:
in the walls of the vessels and these multiply and produce
470:
123:
3502:
1986:
setting it might be applicable to administer 1mg/kg of iv
946:– in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load
473:
situated between the broken fragments. Within a few days,
4776:
4348:
2579:
2493:
2180:
1726:
May occur when the bone is bent,and snaps in the middle.
492:
At this stage, some of the fibroblasts begin to lay down
263:
complications – occurring a long time after the fracture.
91:
3919:
3789:
3009:
1522:
A number of classifications are named after the person (
600:
Compare healthy bone with different types of fractures:
4067:(where x=0–9 depending on the location of the fracture)
3581:
3373:
2908:
2854:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
1974:
has been found to be as effective as a combination of
3862:
2997:
Classification AO des fractures. Tome I. Les os longs
2812:
2339:
2042:
Occasionally smaller bones, such as phalanges of the
1511:
512:
on average is sufficiently mineralized to show up on
500:) are deposited in amongst, in the form of insoluble
4031:
3968:
3783:
3690:
1120:– a fracture of the radius with dislocation of the
251:
complications – occurs at the time of the fracture.
27:"Broken bones" redirects here. For other uses, see
4181:
4143:American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS)
3293:
3059:
2994:
2847:
2755:
1910:X-ray showing the proximal portion of a fractured
676:is the most common cause of pathological fracture.
564:to identify possible fractures after a knee injury
170:, a bone fracture is painful for several reasons:
130:. A bone fracture may be the result of high force
2848:Perry, C. R.; Rice, S; Rao, A; Burdge, R (1983).
2777:
2399:
2137:Sometimes bones are reinforced with metal. These
2062:formation, toward the target of achieving union.
1234:– an isolated pelvic fracture involving only the
952:– a collapse of a vertebra, often in the form of
5316:
4141:Authoritative information in orthopaedic surgery
2898:on 4 April 2019 – via The Free Dictionary.
2187:locally and may cause systemic effects as well.
3695:(9th ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 907–8.
3538:
1745:Diagonal to a bone's long axis (more than 30°)
154:, where the fracture is then properly termed a
3435:
3082:AO principles of fracture management, Volume 1
1417:, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia
531:Although there are theoretical concerns about
4908:Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
4792:
4167:
3848:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
2894:. 9th edition. Elsevier. 2009. Archived from
2471:. William Morrison, M.D. (medical reviewer).
2390:Medical Author: Benjamin C. Wedro, MD, FAAEM.
2348:(20th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 462–504.
1145:of the distal radius with dislocation of the
3532:
2806:
2745:at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics online
2702:
2342:"Emergency Care of Musculoskeletal Injuries"
2329:. American Medical Association. p. 108.
3979:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3869:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3431:
3429:
3427:
3380:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3133:
2487:
178:, with or without similar discontinuity in
34:Physical damage to the continuity of a bone
4799:
4785:
4174:
4160:
3061:"Denis classification of spinal fractures"
2243:in the surface opposite the applied force.
2141:must be designed and installed with care.
1834:Bone fragments are driven into each other
859:– a fracture of the walls or floor of the
690:
614: (g) greenstick fracture
610: (e) comminuted fracture
606: (c) transverse fracture
182:, as both contain multiple pain receptors.
56:
4006:
3937:
3896:
3825:
3807:
3766:
3607:
3407:
3027:
2945:
2773:
2771:
2671:
2556:
2546:
2324:
1723:At a right angle to the bone's long axis
1621:which would prevent many bone fractures.
1558:"Letournel and Judet Classification" for
1481:– a fracture of the calcaneus (heel bone)
3424:
2729:
2107:, rather than living cells, and the few
2039:which is a form of an external fixator.
1932:
1920:
1905:
1873:
1843:
1791:
1754:
1733:
1708:
1683:
1493:
1460:– a fracture of the proximal end of the
706:is exposed, and may thus expose bone to
627:
619:
612: (f) impacted fracture
595:
556:
451:
222:
3129:from the original on 26 September 2009.
710:. Open injuries carry a higher risk of
207:trying to hold bone fragments in place.
14:
5317:
3139:
2995:Müller ME, Nazarian S, Koch P (1987).
2768:
2327:Official CPC Certification Study Guide
2050:, may be treated without the cast, by
1381:– a fracture with an associated fixed
1328:into anterior and posterior fragments
828:
616: (h) oblique fracture
608: (d) spiral fracture
602: (a) closed fracture
4780:
4155:
3744:
3742:
3454:from the original on 29 December 2020
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3241:
3239:
3212:
3210:
3072:
2841:
2792:10.1148/radiographics.20.3.g00ma20819
2460:
2269:supracondylar fracture of the humerus
1500:Müller AO Classification of fractures
632:Periprosthetic fracture of left femur
538:
161:
4269:Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
3666:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
3588:Canadian Medical Association Journal
3478:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
3189:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
2461:Silva, Joana Cavaco (11 July 2018).
2436:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
2412:from the original on 12 October 2022
2400:Danielle Campagne (September 2022).
2362:from the original on 17 January 2023
1553:Gustilo open fracture classification
1217:– a fracture of the carpal phalanges
1102:with concomitant dislocation of the
956:due to larger compression anteriorly
604: (b) open fracture
5238:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
3218:"Open Fractures - OrthoInfo - AAOS"
2207:
2190:
1959:
1955:
1489:– a fracture of the pedal phalanges
757:
310:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
24:
4662:Combined tibia and fibula fracture
3739:
3693:Carranza's Clinical Periodontology
3553:10.1097/01.prs.0000181786.39062.0b
3541:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
3330:
3282:
3236:
3207:
2475:from the original on 23 March 2022
2304:, U.S. Army surgeon who developed
1965:
1512:Classifications named after people
1402:Combined tibia and fibula fracture
1037:third of the humerus resulting in
441:
174:Breaking in the continuity of the
25:
5341:
4027:
3727:from the original on 26 July 2024
3672:from the original on 24 July 2021
3642:from the original on 25 July 2021
3518:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.005
3484:from the original on 25 July 2021
3296:Surgical Clinics of North America
3195:from the original on 24 July 2021
3099:from the original on 26 July 2024
2442:from the original on 25 June 2021
2031:. If being treated with surgery,
1993:
1699:Parallel to the bone's long axis
1392:; the injury is caused by severe
878:– facial fractures involving the
624:Open ankle fracture with luxation
584:
166:Although bone tissue contains no
5243:Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
3355:from the original on 14 May 2021
3029:10.1097/00005131-200711101-00001
2866:10.2106/00004623-198365080-00016
2827:10.1097/00006565-199910000-00001
2757:"Bennett's fracture-subluxation"
2717:from the original on 13 May 2021
2635:from the original on 19 May 2021
1990:to achieve a dissociated state.
1250:(anatomically a fracture of the
1192:– a fracture of the base of the
579:Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
218:
3962:
3913:
3856:
3709:
3684:
3654:
3624:
3575:
3496:
3466:
3367:
3224:from the original on 4 May 2021
3177:
3052:
3003:
2988:
2961:
2902:
2880:
2748:
2696:
2647:
2617:
726:
344:Imperfect union of the fracture
5294:Post-traumatic stress disorder
4337:Vertebral compression fracture
4147:Radiographic Atlas of Fracture
3991:10.1002/14651858.CD001704.pub5
3881:10.1002/14651858.CD008579.pub4
3796:Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
3392:10.1002/14651858.CD000227.pub4
2976:(Suppl 1): v–ix, 1–154. 1996.
2573:
2522:
2454:
2424:
2393:
2374:
2333:
2318:
1970:In arm fractures in children,
1816:in the spine collapses due to
1374:anterior tibiofibular ligament
1206:– a fracture at the neck of a
1182:through the base of the first
795:in the spine collapses due to
13:
1:
3119:"Fractures of the Acetabulum"
3016:Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
2970:Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
2625:"Simple fracture | pathology"
2311:
2246:Growth plate injuries, as in
2195:Bone stimulation with either
2134:is used to treat a fracture.
1893:often from crushing injuries
1592:
1447:– in which one or all of the
1353:– a vertical fracture of the
742:, with sideways displacement.
379:Injury to muscles and tendons
4935:Advanced trauma life support
4903:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
3768:10.1016/j.injury.2017.05.016
3506:Annals of Emergency Medicine
3474:"Overview of Bone Fractures"
3260:10.1016/j.injury.2011.12.007
2535:The Scientific World Journal
2346:Sabiston Textbook of Surgery
1901:
1626:National Institute of Health
1324:– a fractures of the tibial
812:
649:
552:
7:
2508:10.1016/j.surge.2009.10.014
2275:
2219:
1658:
1575:Evans-Jensen classification
1530:"Denis classification" for
1298:plateau caused by a forced
325:Pulmonary Embolism syndrome
10:
5346:
4806:
4312:Craniocervical instability
3812:(inactive 24 April 2024).
3168:Proximal Humerus Fractures
2999:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
2892:Mosby's Medical Dictionary
2660:International Orthopaedics
2583:Osteoporosis International
2223:
2068:
1925:The surgical treatment of
1571:Seinsheimer classification
1564:"Neer classification" for
1518:Orthopedic classifications
1515:
1497:
761:
588:
542:
445:
26:
5230:
5205:
5169:
5118:
4995:
4988:
4976:Resuscitative thoracotomy
4968:
4927:
4920:
4895:
4864:Clinical prediction rules
4862:
4855:
4814:
4731:
4708:
4689:
4660:
4647:Le Fort fracture of ankle
4631:
4580:
4573:
4550:
4507:
4431:
4402:
4393:
4370:
4347:
4317:Flexion teardrop fracture
4282:
4264:Le Fort fracture of skull
4234:
4193:
4112:
4035:
3442:. StatPearls Publishing.
3308:10.1016/j.suc.2017.06.010
2673:10.1007/s00264-017-3607-y
2595:10.1007/s00198-004-1640-3
1665:
1390:posterior tibial tubercle
1351:Le Fort fracture of ankle
922:Flexion teardrop fracture
876:Le Fort fracture of skull
764:List of fracture patterns
545:Health effects of tobacco
231:of the fracture fragments
81:
69:
64:
55:
47:
42:
4872:Abbreviated Injury Scale
2815:Pediatric Emergency Care
2325:Katherine, Abel (2013).
2306:Orthopedic plaster casts
2287:Distraction osteogenesis
2183:produced can damage the
1782:May rotate, and must be
1427:and the medial malleolus
1423:– involving the lateral
1143:intra-articular fracture
1104:distal radio-ulnar joint
1022:(fracture of upper arm)
591:Compound Fracture (film)
575:Computed Tomography (CT)
5103:Penetrating head injury
5098:Intracranial hemorrhage
4493:Essex-Lopresti fracture
4423:Holstein–Lewis fracture
3809:10.4103/0019-5413.50844
2736:Essex Lopresti fracture
2629:Encyclopedia Britannica
2402:"Overview of Fractures"
2248:Salter-Harris fractures
2179:will result. The metal
1451:are displaced from the
1284:Tibial plateau fracture
1196:which extends into the
1122:distal radioulnar joint
1106:with disruption of the
1096:Essex-Lopresti fracture
1031:Holstein-Lewis fracture
968:– an unstable fracture
932:– fracture through the
836:Holstein-Lewis fracture
700:Open/compound fractures
691:Soft-tissue involvement
376:Injury to major vessels
328:Aseptic traumatic fever
152:osteogenesis imperfecta
51:broken bone, bone break
5299:Subcutaneous emphysema
5258:Volkmann's contracture
5108:Traumatic brain injury
4945:Early appropriate care
4940:Damage control surgery
4307:Clay-shoveler fracture
4244:Basilar skull fracture
3971:Sherrington, Catherine
3721:Johns Hopkins Medicine
3636:Johns Hopkins Medicine
3085:. Thieme. p. 96.
2918:J Am Podiatr Med Assoc
2432:"Compartment Syndrome"
2381:MedicineNet – Fracture
2119:call for very careful
1938:
1930:
1918:
1890:The bone is shattered
1881:
1851:
1799:
1762:
1738:
1716:
1692:
1538:Frykman classification
1317:lateral tibial condyle
1113:Distal radius fracture
1026:Supracondylar fracture
930:Clay-shoveler fracture
852:Basilar skull fracture
633:
625:
617:
565:
498:calcium hydroxyapatite
458:
232:
5073:Thoracic aorta injury
5033:Diaphragmatic rupture
4877:Injury Severity Score
4847:Trauma triad of death
4671:Trimalleolar fracture
2888:"Lisfranc's fracture"
2155:materials, including
1936:
1924:
1909:
1877:
1847:
1795:
1758:
1737:
1712:
1687:
1645:unnecessary roughness
1583:Garden classification
1579:Pipkin classification
1494:OTA/AO classification
1407:Trimalleolar fracture
1194:first metacarpal bone
1108:interosseous membrane
838:being a subtype of a
720:Contaminated fracture
660:road traffic accident
631:
623:
599:
560:
455:
427:Ischaemic contracture
227:An old fracture with
226:
200:evokes pressure pain.
5248:Compartment syndrome
4887:Revised Trauma Score
4676:Bimalleolar fracture
4642:Maisonneuve fracture
3973:(7 September 2022).
3723:. 28 February 2020.
3638:. 28 February 2020.
3022:(10 Suppl): S1–133.
2127:use of antibiotics.
2105:extracellular matrix
2087:deep vein thrombosis
1804:Compression fracture
1779:Torsion on the bone
1769:or torsion fracture
1720:Transverse fracture
1560:Acetabular fractures
1526:) who developed it.
1421:Bimalleolar fracture
1345:Maisonneuve fracture
1291:– a fracture of the
1098:– a fracture of the
1071:– a fracture of the
1033:– a fracture of the
950:Compression fracture
785:Compression fracture
570:Radiographic imaging
400:Compartment syndrome
321:Deep vein thrombosis
237:compartment syndrome
5083:Blunt kidney trauma
5053:Pulmonary contusion
4327:Holdsworth fracture
4254:Mandibular fracture
4221:Pathologic fracture
4211:Greenstick fracture
4206:Chalkstick fracture
3939:10.1093/ptj/pzac032
3600:10.1503/cmaj.100119
3462:– via PubMed.
2548:10.1100/2012/606404
2254:Plastic deformation
2232:greenstick fracture
2226:Child bone fracture
2081:(usually caused by
1916:intramedullary nail
1886:Comminuted fracture
1075:with an associated
966:Holdsworth fracture
866:Mandibular fracture
829:Anatomical location
666:Pathologic fracture
430:Myositis ossificans
334:(in open fracture )
196:caused by ruptured
156:pathologic fracture
128:comminuted fracture
5197:Spinal cord injury
5156:Penetrating trauma
5023:Soft tissue injury
4606:Toddler's fracture
4447:Monteggia fracture
4332:Jefferson fracture
4322:Hangman's fracture
4113:External resources
3142:Orthopedic Nursing
3123:wheelessonline.com
2741:2009-10-01 at the
2703:Roberto Schubert.
2468:Medical News Today
2386:2008-12-21 at the
2175:screws), galvanic
2091:pulmonary embolism
1939:
1931:
1919:
1882:
1852:
1831:Impacted fracture
1800:
1763:
1739:
1717:
1693:
1688:In the fingertip.
1479:Calcaneal fracture
1473:Cuneiform fracture
1332:Toddler's fracture
1190:Bennett's fracture
1064:head of the radius
1060:Monteggia fracture
917:Hangman's fracture
905:Jefferson fracture
634:
626:
618:
581:may be indicated.
566:
539:Effects of smoking
475:blood vessels grow
459:
421:Sudeck's dystrophy
412:Avascular necrosis
291:Hypovolaemic shock
233:
162:Signs and symptoms
5312:
5311:
5226:
5225:
5068:Internal bleeding
5063:Cardiac tamponade
5018:Joint dislocation
4984:
4983:
4916:
4915:
4774:
4773:
4727:
4726:
4652:Bosworth fracture
4601:Gosselin fracture
4560:Duverney fracture
4503:
4502:
4372:Shoulder fracture
4292:Cervical fracture
4201:Avulsion fracture
4136:
4135:
3349:www.bones.nih.gov
3092:978-3-13-117442-0
2666:(12): 2457–2469.
2355:978-0-323-40163-0
1899:
1898:
1856:Avulsion fracture
1786:to heal properly
1742:Oblique fracture
1649:American football
1566:humerus fractures
1542:forearm fractures
1445:Lisfranc fracture
1411:lateral malleolus
1394:external rotation
1379:Bosworth fracture
1322:Gosselin fracture
1313:avulsion fracture
1254:bone and not the
1232:Duverney fracture
1165:Scaphoid fracture
1147:radiocarpal joint
1139:Barton's fracture
1118:Galeazzi fracture
1008:Scapular fracture
1003:Clavicle fracture
998:Shoulder fracture
893:Cervical fracture
806:Avulsion fracture
439:
438:
385:Injury to viscera
304:Hypovolemic shock
97:
96:
83:Diagnostic method
37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5337:
5218:Pediatric trauma
5213:Geriatric trauma
5177:Abdominal trauma
4993:
4992:
4925:
4924:
4860:
4859:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4710:Femoral fracture
4700:Patella fracture
4633:Fibular fracture
4623:Tillaux fracture
4616:Plafond fracture
4578:
4577:
4433:Forearm fracture
4404:Humerus fracture
4400:
4399:
4362:Sternal fracture
4249:Blowout fracture
4187:cartilage damage
4176:
4169:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4033:
4032:
4021:
4020:
4010:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3941:
3926:Physical Therapy
3917:
3911:
3910:
3900:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3839:
3829:
3811:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3770:
3761:(7): 1339–1347.
3746:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3433:
3422:
3421:
3411:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3341:
3328:
3327:
3302:(5): 1185–1197.
3291:
3280:
3279:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3181:
3175:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3031:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2957:on 2 March 2022.
2956:
2950:. Archived from
2949:
2915:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2752:
2746:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2675:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2397:
2391:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2213:Physical therapy
2208:Physical therapy
2191:Bone stimulation
2144:Stress shielding
1948:closed treatment
1696:Linear fracture
1663:
1662:
1619:traffic injuries
1532:spinal fractures
1462:fifth metatarsal
1415:medial malleolus
1409:– involving the
1340:Fibular fracture
1264:Patella fracture
1243:Femoral fracture
1225:Fracture of the
1204:Boxer's fracture
1170:Rolando fracture
1133:Smith's fracture
1127:Colles' fracture
1050:Forearm fracture
1020:Humerus fracture
993:Sternal fracture
857:Blowout fracture
840:humerus fracture
758:Fracture pattern
469:to form a blood
467:blood coagulates
382:Injury to joints
270:
269:
60:
40:
39:
21:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5222:
5201:
5165:
5114:
4989:Pathophysiology
4980:
4964:
4912:
4891:
4851:
4810:
4805:
4775:
4770:
4723:
4704:
4685:
4681:Pott's fracture
4656:
4627:
4596:Segond fracture
4591:Bumper fracture
4569:
4565:Pipkin fracture
4552:Pelvic fracture
4546:
4499:
4459:Radius fracture
4427:
4389:
4366:
4343:
4302:Chance fracture
4284:Spinal fracture
4278:
4274:Zygoma fracture
4230:
4226:Spiral fracture
4189:
4180:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4108:
4107:
4044:
4030:
4025:
4024:
3985:(9): CD001704.
3967:
3963:
3918:
3914:
3875:(3): CD008579.
3861:
3857:
3841:
3840:
3788:
3784:
3747:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3662:"Hip Fractures"
3660:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3594:(14): 1507–12.
3580:
3576:
3537:
3533:
3501:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3434:
3425:
3386:(4): CD000227.
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3343:
3342:
3331:
3292:
3283:
3244:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3185:"Hip Fractures"
3183:
3182:
3178:
3165:
3161:
3138:
3134:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3093:
3077:
3073:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3008:
3004:
2993:
2989:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2913:
2907:
2903:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2846:
2842:
2811:
2807:
2776:
2769:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2743:Wayback Machine
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2701:
2697:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2578:
2574:
2527:
2523:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2394:
2388:Wayback Machine
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2356:
2338:
2334:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2282:Stress fracture
2278:
2228:
2222:
2210:
2197:electromagnetic
2193:
2173:stainless steel
2123:procedures and
2071:
2037:Ilizarov method
1996:
1968:
1966:Pain management
1960:closed fracture
1904:
1767:Spiral fracture
1661:
1637:protective gear
1613:aims to reduce
1595:
1546:radius and ulna
1520:
1516:Main category:
1514:
1502:
1496:
1431:Pott's fracture
1309:Segond fracture
1302:applied to the
1289:Bumper fracture
1221:Pelvic fracture
1198:carpometacarpal
1177:intra-articular
1091:Radius fracture
977:lumbar junction
960:Chance fracture
954:wedge fractures
934:spinous process
888:Spinal fracture
831:
815:
779:Spiral fracture
766:
760:
738:Translated, or
729:
693:
652:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
594:
587:
555:
547:
541:
450:
444:
442:Pathophysiology
418:Joint stiffness
267:
221:
164:
116:
38:
35:
32:
23:
22:
18:Fracture (bone)
15:
12:
11:
5:
5343:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5325:Bone fractures
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5270:Rhabdomyolysis
5265:Crush syndrome
5262:
5261:
5260:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5088:Splenic injury
5085:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5001:
4999:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4955:Trauma surgery
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4899:
4897:
4896:Investigations
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4781:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4611:Pilon fracture
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4582:Tibia fracture
4575:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4438:
4436:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4297:Burst fracture
4288:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4259:Nasal fracture
4256:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4179:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4094:
4083:
4068:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:Classification
4029:
4028:External links
4026:
4023:
4022:
3961:
3932:(6): pzac032.
3912:
3855:
3782:
3738:
3708:
3701:
3683:
3653:
3623:
3574:
3547:(5): 1326–31.
3531:
3495:
3465:
3423:
3366:
3329:
3281:
3254:(6): 891–897.
3235:
3206:
3176:
3159:
3132:
3110:
3091:
3071:
3051:
3002:
2987:
2960:
2930:10.7547/20-047
2901:
2879:
2860:(8): 1149–57.
2840:
2805:
2767:
2747:
2728:
2695:
2646:
2616:
2572:
2521:
2486:
2453:
2423:
2392:
2373:
2354:
2332:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2302:H. Winnett Orr
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2261:
2251:
2244:
2224:Main article:
2221:
2218:
2209:
2206:
2192:
2189:
2130:Occasionally,
2070:
2067:
2052:buddy wrapping
2033:surgical nails
1995:
1994:Immobilization
1992:
1967:
1964:
1952:open treatment
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1862:Busch fracture
1858:
1853:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1810:
1808:wedge fracture
1801:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1641:contact sports
1615:traffic deaths
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1549:
1544:(fractures of
1534:
1513:
1510:
1498:Main article:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1467:March fracture
1464:
1458:Jones fracture
1455:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1418:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1376:
1348:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1319:
1306:
1286:
1281:
1279:Pilon fracture
1274:Tibia fracture
1266:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1201:
1187:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1110:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1066:
1055:Ulnar fracture
1047:
1046:
1045:
1028:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1005:
995:
990:
985:
984:
983:
963:
957:
947:
944:Burst fracture
941:
927:
926:
925:
919:
907:
885:
884:
883:
880:maxillary bone
873:
871:Nasal fracture
868:
863:
854:
847:Skull fracture
830:
827:
826:
825:
822:
819:
814:
811:
810:
809:
803:
800:
789:wedge fracture
782:
776:
773:
770:
762:Main article:
759:
756:
755:
754:
753:
752:
749:
746:
743:
733:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
721:
718:
717:Clean fracture
697:
692:
689:
688:
687:
680:Periprosthetic
677:
663:
651:
648:
586:
585:Classification
583:
554:
551:
543:Main article:
540:
537:
446:Main article:
443:
440:
437:
436:
435:
434:
433:Osteoarthritis
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
403:
402:
401:
398:
388:
387:
386:
383:
380:
377:
366:
365:
364:
363:
360:
355:
350:
340:
339:
338:
337:Crush syndrome
335:
329:
326:
323:
318:
312:
306:
294:
293:
292:
281:
280:
277:
274:
265:
264:
258:
252:
220:
217:
209:
208:
201:
183:
168:pain receptors
163:
160:
114:
95:
94:
85:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
36:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5342:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5305:
5304:Wound healing
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:Complications
5229:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5187:Facial trauma
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5151:Gunshot wound
5149:
5147:
5146:Electrocution
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Bone fracture
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:Trauma center
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4842:Resuscitation
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4802:
4797:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4733:Foot fracture
4730:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:Crus fracture
4688:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4542:Broken finger
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4509:Hand fracture
4506:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:Distal radius
4460:
4457:
4453:
4452:Hume fracture
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4442:Ulna fracture
4440:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Supracondylar
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4216:Open fracture
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4177:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3802:(2): 117–20.
3801:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3745:
3743:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3704:
3702:9780721683317
3698:
3694:
3687:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3512:(4): 553–60.
3511:
3507:
3499:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3240:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2786:(3): 819–36.
2785:
2781:
2780:RadioGraphics
2774:
2772:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2589:(2): 155–62.
2588:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2411:
2407:
2406:mdmanuals.com
2403:
2396:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2217:
2214:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2132:bone grafting
2128:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:blood vessels
2106:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2079:hip fractures
2075:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:sports injury
1629:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1588:
1587:hip fractures
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1506:AO Foundation
1501:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:Foot fracture
1438:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1396:of the ankle
1395:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1269:Crus fracture
1267:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:Broken finger
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:Hand fracture
1158:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:Hume fracture
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
935:
931:
928:
923:
920:
918:
914:
913:
908:
906:
902:
901:
896:
895:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
881:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
844:
843:
841:
837:
823:
820:
817:
816:
807:
804:
801:
798:
794:
790:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
767:
765:
750:
747:
744:
741:
737:
736:
734:
732:Non-displaced
731:
730:
719:
716:
715:
713:
709:
708:contamination
705:
701:
698:
695:
694:
685:
681:
678:
675:
671:
667:
664:
662:, fight, etc.
661:
657:
654:
653:
647:
644:
642:
639:
630:
622:
598:
592:
582:
580:
576:
571:
563:
559:
550:
546:
536:
534:
529:
527:
523:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
454:
449:
432:
429:
426:
424:Osteomyelitis
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
404:
399:
396:
395:
394:
393:
389:
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:
373:
372:
368:
367:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:Delayed union
348:
347:
346:
345:
341:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
322:
319:
316:
313:
311:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:
295:
290:
289:
288:
287:
283:
282:
278:
275:
272:
271:
268:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
246:
245:
242:
238:
230:
225:
219:Complications
216:
214:
206:
205:muscle spasms
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
181:
177:
173:
172:
171:
169:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
110:
106:
103:(abbreviated
102:
101:bone fracture
93:
89:
86:
84:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
63:
59:
54:
50:
46:
43:Bone fracture
41:
30:
19:
5182:Chest injury
5141:Crush injury
5131:Blunt trauma
5126:Blast injury
5048:Pneumothorax
5007:
4832:Traumatology
4827:Major trauma
4719:Hip fracture
4395:Arm fracture
4357:Rib fracture
4182:
4120:
4096:
4085:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4048:
3982:
3978:
3964:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3844:cite journal
3799:
3795:
3785:
3758:
3754:
3729:. Retrieved
3720:
3711:
3692:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3665:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3635:
3626:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3486:. Retrieved
3477:
3468:
3456:. Retrieved
3438:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3348:
3299:
3295:
3251:
3247:
3226:. Retrieved
3197:. Retrieved
3188:
3179:
3166:
3162:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3122:
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3081:
3074:
3054:
3019:
3015:
3005:
2996:
2990:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2952:the original
2921:
2917:
2904:
2896:the original
2891:
2882:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2821:(5): 307–9.
2818:
2814:
2808:
2783:
2779:
2750:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2708:
2698:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2637:. Retrieved
2628:
2619:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2502:(2): 111–6.
2499:
2495:
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2466:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2435:
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2405:
2395:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2345:
2335:
2326:
2320:
2229:
2211:
2194:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2125:prophylactic
2113:immune cells
2099:
2083:osteoporosis
2072:
2064:
2056:Suzuki frame
2041:
2003:
2000:bone healing
1997:
1969:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1818:osteoporosis
1774:arm-wrestler
1672:Description
1653:
1630:
1623:
1607:speed limits
1596:
1521:
1503:
1361:part of the
1248:Hip fracture
1200:(CMC) joint
1043:radial nerve
1015:Arm fracture
988:Rib fracture
915:, including
910:
909:Fracture of
903:, including
898:
897:Fracture of
832:
797:osteoporosis
739:
727:Displacement
674:Osteoporosis
645:
635:
567:
548:
530:
519:
505:
491:
460:
448:Bone healing
406:
405:
391:
390:
370:
369:
343:
342:
315:Fat embolism
297:
296:
285:
284:
266:
260:
254:
248:
234:
210:
203:Involuntary
194:soft tissues
165:
140:osteoporosis
127:
119:
112:
108:
104:
100:
98:
29:Broken Bones
5253:Contracture
5206:Demographic
5192:Head injury
5038:Flail chest
4960:Trauma team
4478:Chauffeur's
4122:MedlinePlus
3717:"Fractures"
3632:"Fractures"
2721:21 February
2710:Radiopaedia
2496:The Surgeon
2161:bone tissue
2117:osteotomies
2089:(DVT), and
2013:anaesthesia
1976:paracetamol
1950:, in which
1879:more images
1849:more images
1797:more images
1760:more images
1714:more images
1690:More images
1611:Vision Zero
1449:metatarsals
1386:dislocation
1100:radial head
1084:radial head
1080:dislocation
970:dislocation
562:Radiography
494:bone matrix
483:fibroblasts
362:Cross union
213:spinal cord
198:bone marrow
148:bone cancer
76:Orthopedics
48:Other names
5330:Acute pain
5319:Categories
5161:Stab wound
5043:Hemothorax
4969:Procedures
4928:Principles
4921:Management
4882:NACA score
4856:Assessment
4822:Polytrauma
4815:Principles
4766:Broken toe
4098:DiseasesDB
3439:StatPearls
3359:3 December
3228:3 December
3103:9 November
3066:GPnotebook
2924:(4): 1–9.
2762:GPnotebook
2416:12 October
2366:4 December
2312:References
2297:Catagmatic
2201:ultrasound
2121:antiseptic
2021:fibreglass
1927:mandibular
1593:Prevention
1487:Broken toe
1236:iliac wing
1208:metacarpal
1184:metacarpal
1174:comminuted
1039:entrapment
735:Displaced
670:metastasis
638:orthopedic
479:phagocytes
415:Shortening
241:amputation
192:of nearby
176:periosteum
144:osteopenia
5119:Mechanism
5013:Degloving
4761:Calcaneal
4751:Cuneiform
4527:Bennett's
4183:Fractures
3999:1469-493X
3948:1538-6724
3889:1469-493X
3818:0019-5413
3458:3 January
3400:1469-493X
3316:0039-6109
3268:1879-0267
3173:eMedicine
3148:(2): 76.
2947:225705519
2258:osteotomy
2177:corrosion
2171:alloy or
2101:Infection
2009:reduction
1982:. In the
1972:ibuprofen
1902:Treatment
1524:eponymous
1425:malleolus
1383:posterior
1073:olecranon
813:Fragments
745:Angulated
712:infection
656:Traumatic
650:Mechanism
553:Diagnosis
397:Infection
353:Non-union
273:Immediate
249:Immediate
180:endosteum
71:Specialty
5277:Embolism
4741:Lisfranc
4517:Scaphoid
4488:Barton's
4468:Galeazzi
4413:Proximal
4385:Scapular
4380:Clavicle
4017:36070134
3956:35421234
3907:36866917
3836:19838359
3777:28532896
3725:Archived
3670:Archived
3640:Archived
3618:20823169
3569:31890854
3561:16217475
3526:19692147
3482:Archived
3452:Archived
3448:32491557
3418:24729336
3353:Archived
3324:28958365
3276:22204774
3222:Archived
3193:Archived
3127:Archived
3097:Archived
3046:24535478
3038:18277234
2938:34478529
2835:10532655
2800:10835130
2739:Archived
2715:Archived
2690:12894601
2682:28831576
2633:Archived
2611:19890259
2603:15175845
2567:22272177
2541:: 1–14.
2516:20303894
2479:21 April
2473:Archived
2440:Archived
2410:Archived
2384:Archived
2360:Archived
2276:See also
2265:clavicle
2220:Children
2169:chromium
2157:titanium
2139:implants
2095:fracture
2074:Surgical
2029:orthosis
2004:function
1988:ketamine
1914:with an
1814:vertebra
1678:Effects
1659:Patterns
1370:avulsion
1256:hip bone
1227:hip bone
1180:fracture
1077:anterior
938:vertebra
793:vertebra
740:ad latus
704:hematoma
641:medicine
502:crystals
487:collagen
463:hematoma
358:Malunion
317:syndrome
298:Systemic
286:Systemic
229:nonunion
190:hematoma
5059:Cardio
4537:Busch's
4532:Boxer's
4522:Rolando
4483:Smith's
4473:Colles'
4194:General
4092:D050723
4008:9451000
3898:9983300
3827:2762251
3731:25 July
3676:24 July
3646:25 July
3609:2950182
3488:25 July
3409:7032685
3199:24 July
3154:9155417
2982:8814583
2874:6630259
2558:3259713
2446:25 June
2292:Rickets
2153:modulus
2149:atrophy
2069:Surgery
2048:fingers
2017:plaster
1980:codeine
1946:versus
1784:reduced
1675:Causes
1372:of the
1326:plafond
1315:of the
1293:lateral
1082:of the
1041:of the
979:of the
974:thoraco
972:of the
748:Rotated
684:implant
526:calcium
522:tobacco
457:occurs.
308:ARDS –
5170:Region
5094:Neuro
4997:Injury
4837:Triage
4808:Trauma
4127:000001
4015:
4005:
3997:
3954:
3946:
3905:
3895:
3887:
3834:
3824:
3816:
3775:
3755:Injury
3699:
3616:
3606:
3567:
3559:
3524:
3446:
3416:
3406:
3398:
3322:
3314:
3274:
3266:
3248:Injury
3152:
3089:
3044:
3036:
2980:
2944:
2936:
2872:
2833:
2798:
2688:
2680:
2639:19 May
2609:
2601:
2565:
2555:
2514:
2352:
2241:cortex
2165:cobalt
2060:callus
1998:Since
1666:Photo
1602:or 20
1581:, and
1540:" for
1453:tarsus
1366:fibula
1363:distal
1359:medial
1355:antero
1300:valgus
1296:tibial
1035:distal
533:NSAIDs
510:callus
465:. The
407:Others
332:Sepsis
136:stress
132:impact
5029:Resp
4756:March
4746:Jones
3565:S2CID
3042:S2CID
2955:(PDF)
2942:S2CID
2914:(PDF)
2686:S2CID
2607:S2CID
1912:tibia
1669:Type
1368:with
1311:– an
1252:femur
1141:– an
981:spine
936:of a
861:orbit
514:X-ray
392:Local
371:Local
279:Late
276:Early
255:Early
186:Edema
150:, or
118:, or
88:X-ray
5136:Burn
5004:MSK
4349:Ribs
4236:Head
4185:and
4103:4939
4087:MeSH
4076:9-CM
4013:PMID
3995:ISSN
3983:2022
3952:PMID
3944:ISSN
3903:PMID
3885:ISSN
3873:2023
3850:link
3832:PMID
3814:ISSN
3773:PMID
3733:2021
3697:ISBN
3678:2021
3648:2021
3614:PMID
3557:PMID
3522:PMID
3490:2021
3460:2022
3444:PMID
3414:PMID
3396:ISSN
3384:2021
3361:2018
3320:PMID
3312:ISSN
3272:PMID
3264:ISSN
3230:2018
3201:2021
3150:PMID
3105:2020
3087:ISBN
3034:PMID
2978:PMID
2934:PMID
2870:PMID
2831:PMID
2796:PMID
2723:2018
2678:PMID
2641:2021
2599:PMID
2563:PMID
2539:2012
2512:PMID
2481:2022
2448:2021
2418:2022
2368:2016
2350:ISBN
2267:and
2185:bone
2181:ions
2046:and
2044:toes
2024:cast
1978:and
1956:open
1944:open
1600:km/h
1585:for
1304:knee
1186:bone
1172:– a
471:clot
261:Late
188:and
124:bone
5287:fat
5282:air
5079:GI
4574:Leg
4081:829
4072:ICD
4050:ICD
4003:PMC
3987:doi
3934:doi
3930:102
3893:PMC
3877:doi
3822:PMC
3804:doi
3763:doi
3604:PMC
3596:doi
3592:182
3549:doi
3545:116
3514:doi
3404:PMC
3388:doi
3304:doi
3256:doi
3171:at
3024:doi
2926:doi
2922:111
2862:doi
2823:doi
2788:doi
2668:doi
2591:doi
2553:PMC
2543:doi
2504:doi
2199:or
2019:or
1984:EMS
1958:or
1647:in
1604:mph
636:In
577:or
134:or
107:or
105:FRX
92:MRI
5321::
4125::
4101::
4090::
4079::
4057::
4054:10
4011:.
4001:.
3993:.
3981:.
3977:.
3950:.
3942:.
3928:.
3924:.
3901:.
3891:.
3883:.
3871:.
3867:.
3846:}}
3842:{{
3830:.
3820:.
3800:43
3798:.
3794:.
3771:.
3759:48
3757:.
3753:.
3741:^
3719:.
3668:.
3664:.
3634:.
3612:.
3602:.
3590:.
3586:.
3563:.
3555:.
3543:.
3520:.
3510:54
3508:.
3480:.
3476:.
3450:.
3426:^
3412:.
3402:.
3394:.
3382:.
3378:.
3351:.
3347:.
3332:^
3318:.
3310:.
3300:97
3298:.
3284:^
3270:.
3262:.
3252:43
3250:.
3238:^
3220:.
3209:^
3191:.
3187:.
3146:16
3144:.
3125:.
3121:.
3095:.
3064:.
3040:.
3032:.
3020:21
3018:.
3014:.
2974:10
2972:.
2940:.
2932:.
2920:.
2916:.
2890:.
2868:.
2858:65
2856:.
2852:.
2829:.
2819:15
2817:.
2794:.
2784:20
2782:.
2770:^
2760:.
2713:.
2707:.
2684:.
2676:.
2664:41
2662:.
2658:.
2631:.
2627:.
2605:.
2597:.
2587:16
2585:.
2561:.
2551:.
2537:.
2533:.
2510:.
2498:.
2465:.
2438:.
2434:.
2408:.
2404:.
2358:.
2234:.
1962:.
1864:)
1776:)
1651:.
1577:,
1573:,
1555:"
1413:,
912:C2
900:C1
672:.
506:is
158:.
146:,
142:,
111:,
109:Fx
99:A
90:,
4800:e
4793:t
4786:v
4712::
4693::
4664::
4635::
4584::
4461:/
4435::
4406::
4175:e
4168:t
4161:v
4074:-
4065:2
4062:x
4059:S
4052:-
4042:D
4019:.
3989::
3958:.
3936::
3909:.
3879::
3852:)
3838:.
3806::
3779:.
3765::
3735:.
3705:.
3680:.
3650:.
3620:.
3598::
3571:.
3551::
3528:.
3516::
3492:.
3420:.
3390::
3363:.
3326:.
3306::
3278:.
3258::
3232:.
3203:.
3156:.
3107:.
3068:.
3048:.
3026::
2984:.
2928::
2876:.
2864::
2837:.
2825::
2802:.
2790::
2764:.
2725:.
2692:.
2670::
2643:.
2613:.
2593::
2569:.
2545::
2518:.
2506::
2500:8
2483:.
2450:.
2420:.
2370:.
2271:.
2167:-
1806:/
1551:"
1548:)
1536:"
1357:-
1258:)
787:/
686:.
593:.
120:#
115:x
113:F
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
