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October 1884. Le Myre de Vilers warned the prime minister, "Let your
Excellency be under no illusion. The result of any war can be foreseen: it will be a shattering defeat of the Malagasy people." He said the French government was not satisfied with the Malagasy justice system, which had corrupt officials and made little effort to apprehend criminals, and was considering taking control over internal affairs. The Malagasy government replied on 24 October 1884, saying the French could handle external relations but other rights under the 1885 treaty were abrogated. Le Myre de Vilers wrote a personal letter to Rainilairivony in which he advised him to fully accept the French demands. When it became clear that there would be no reply the remaining French residents prepared to leave for the coast.
306:
276:, sent from France by the businessman Thomas Caraman. The last crates arrived in 1876 and contained a wonderful gilded screen for the royal throne chamber, but nobody from the palace came to claim the crates. A trial began in October 1874 with Caraman trying to collect payment from the King. The French state attorney and the Cambodian grand mandarin both refused to hear the case, since the idea that a king should be tried in court was unprecedented. In 1877 Caraman returned to France to drum up support, and in March 1878 six senators wrote a letter to the Minister of the Marine and Colonies asking him to ensure Caraman received justice. The Minister instructed Governor
408:, the Foreign Minister, should send Le Myre de Vilers to Bangkok to negotiate a treaty to guarantee French rights along the Mekong and to obtain compensation from Siam. The Siamese responded by agreeing to withdraw their troops, pay the indemnity and punish any individuals who had acted unlawfully, but asked for international arbitration over the territorial claims and a joint commission to investigate the French claims for indemnity. Develle considered this response "insolent" and "unsatisfactory", imposed a blockade on 26 July 1893 and issued a second ultimatum, which the Siamese accepted rather than lose yet more territory.
440:
33:
471:
distant, a rupture with France, hoping to profit from a
European incident which might turn our attention from Madagascan affairs. He recommended that a military expedition be launched in the next dry season. That winter French troops under General Metzinger occupied the ports of Tamatave and Majunga, and in March 1885 most of the 15,000-strong expeditionary force disembarked unopposed. The French troops suffered badly from poor sanitation and tropical disease, and it was not until early 1897 that the island had been secured.
376:
483:, which he fully supported. Le Myre de Vilers chose not to run for reelection in 1902. In his retirement he devoted himself to geography. He had been a member of the central committee of the Geographical Society since 1896, and was president of the society from 1906 to 1908. He belonged to various other societies related to the colonies. Le Myre de Vilers died on 9 March 1918 in Paris.
424:
On 29 September 1893 Le Myre de Vilers handed a draft Treaty and draft
Convention to Devewongse and said he would leave for Saigon in four days with or without an agreement. When examined, the convention was found to include a proposal that Phra Yot be tried by a Mixed Franco-Siamese Court, which the
371:
Le Myre de Vilers left his post in
Madagascar in July 1889 to run for Deputy of Cochinchina. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as representative of French Cochinchina on 12 December 1889 and was reelected on 20 August 1893 and on 8 May 1898, holding office until 31 May 1902. Le Myre de Vilers
354:
telegraph line, completed in 1888. He maintained good relations with the court of
Antananarivo, and had great respect for Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony. He wrote on 10 June 1886 to the Minister of Foreign Affairs that, "My task is laborious because I have to deal with a man of real value, a man with
300:
I believe that we render a real service to His
Majesty if we give him the means to settle contentious litigations resulting from contracts made with Europeans. We thus shield His Majesty from ventures of schemers who will always end up abusing the Royal treasury; we ensure for Cambodia the financial
342:
relied on the
Patrimonio-Miot interpretive letter, which Le Myre de Vilers rejected. He managed to get the Malagasy government to take out a loan from the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris in order to pay the 10 million francs compensation agreed in the treaty. He could not get agreement on the
295:
to negotiate with
Norodom in Phnom Penh, but he did not succeed. Eventually the king agreed to buy the screen for 25,000 piasters, half of Caraman's price, as a gesture of friendship to the governor, and on 21 February 1881 22 chests containing the screen were shipped off to Phnom Penh. In December
466:
Le Myre de Vilers returned to
Tananarive on 14 October 1894. He requested an audience with the prime minister as soon as he arrived in the capital. When Rainilaiarivony delayed the meeting, Le Myre de Vilers sent a copy of the treaty with a deadline of five days to accept it. The two men met on 21
313:
Le Myre de Vilers tried to define a clear distinction between civil and military responsibilities, to draft a penal code, to create district councils, a Saigon city council and a
Council of the colony of Conchinchina. He also began construction of a road and rail network. He was hostile to the
560:
Rapport fait au nom de la commission du budget chargée d'examiner le projet de loi portant fixation du Budget général de l'exercice 1891 (Ministère du Commerce, de l'industrie et des colonies. Service des colonies. Subvention de la métropole au budget de l'Annam et du Tonkin. Contingent de la
470:
Le Myre and the other members of the French mission reached Tamatave on 4 November 1884. In his last dispatch to Hanotaux he acknowledged that the prime minister would have lost the support of his people if he compromised with the French. "Of two perils, the prime minister has chosen the more
462:
ordered Larrouy to return to France "on vacation" and ordered women and children to be evacuated to a coastal point where three gunboats would be waiting. On 12 September Hanotaux spoke in the Chamber of Deputies about the many ways in which the French were being harassed in Madagascar. The
203:, Loir-et-Cher, on 17 February 1833. His parents were Cyprien Le Myre de Vilers, a colonel in the Cavalry, and Claire Hême (1808–1848). Charles decided on a career in the navy, entered the Naval School in 1849, was a midshipman in 1853 and a Lieutenant in 1855. He was made a Knight of the
420:
could at any moment make matters quickly change for the worse. Le Myre de Vilers demanded that Phra Yot be tried before a Franco-Siamese Mixed Court dominated by the French, while the Siamese offered a trial by a court of "competent Siamese authorities in conjunction with the consul."
215:
Le Myre de Vilers left the navy in 1861 and joined the prefectural administration. On 22 April 1862 he married Isabelle Hennet (born 1841) in Paris. Their children included Hélène, Jean (1866–1934) and Madeleine (1870–1894). Le Myre de Vilers was appointed sub-prefect of
416:, who represented Siam, he asked the prince to sign a copy of the proposed Treaty of Peace and Friendship. The prince politely refused, since he had not examined the document. Le Myre de Vilers then told him the French warships in the
372:
was a member of the committees on the navy and the colonies. He wrote many reports on aspects such as budgets, organization and development of colonies. In 1890 he supported creation of a Colonial Office independent of the navy.
239:. For his conduct during the siege he was awarded the rosette of the Legion of Honour on 26 January 1871. He left the navy a month later and rejoined the prefectural administration. On 26 March 1873 he was appointed Prefect of
404:) demanding that Bangkok relinquish all claims to the east bank of the Mekong, pay indemnity to the victims of Siamese aggression and punish the officers responsible for attacks on French troops. The deputies also agreed that
411:
Le Myre de Vilers arrived in Bangkok on 16 August 1893. He openly intended to impose "very harsh" measures on the Siamese and thought it a waste of time to negotiate with them. At his second meeting with Prince
463:
government was sending Le Myre de Vilers as its plenipoteniary. He would take a treaty that covered the four main grievances, all of which must be accepted or France would seek a non-negotiated settlement.
532:
Rapport fait au nom de la Commission du budget chargée d'examiner le projet de loi portant fixation du budget général de l'exercice 1891 (Ministère du Commerce, de l'industrie et des colonies. Service des
1155:
1150:
1145:
291:. He inherited the dispute between Caraman and Norodon. He tried his best to resolve the problem. One idea, later abandoned, was to raffle off the gilded screen. Le Myre de Vilers sent the politician
334:, who appointed him Plenipotentiary Minister 1st Class and Resident General in Madagascar, a position newly created by the Franco-Malagasy treaty of 17 December 1885. He arrived in
1180:
542:
Rapport fait au nom de la commission de la marine, chargée d'examiner le projet de loi portant organisation du cadre des officiers de la marine et des équipages de la flotte
235:
of 1870 Le Myre de Vilers rejoined the navy and served as lieutenant de vaisseau. He was orderly officer to Admiral de La Roncière, commanding the seamen's corps during the
355:
extreme skill who, on a larger stage, would be considered a genius". Le Myre de Vilers took leave in France from March to November 1888. On his return he presented Queen
44:
479:
After his return to France Le Myre de Vilers intervened in discussions in the Chamber on the annexation of Madagascar, abolition of slavery there, and the actions of
1076:
431:
to address Siamese concerns. The exhausted Prince finally gave in and signed the Treaty and Convention to avoid the risk of war against superior French forces.
79:
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Rapport fait au nom de la commission de la marine chargée d'examiner le projet de loi portant organisation du corps des officiers mécaniciens de la marine
292:
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on 14 May 1886. His task was to ensure the application of the 17 December 1885 Franco-Malagasy treaty, whose interpretation was disputed. Prime Minister
425:
Siamese found completely unacceptable. At a final meeting on 1 October 1893 Le Myre de Vilers refused to alter the Convention but agreed to append a
1170:
1185:
296:
1881 Le Myre de Vilers forced Norodom to accept a convention under which Saigon's Conseil Privé could rule over disputes like this. He wrote,
563:(Chambre des Députés, 5e législature, session extraordinaire 1890, n ° 994), Paris: Motteroz / France. Chambre des députés, p. 154
553:(Chambre des Députés, 5e législature, session extraordinaire 1891, n ° 1705), Paris: Motteroz / France. Chambre des députés, p. 88
572:(Chambre des députés. 7e législature. Session 1900. N ° 1856), Paris: Impr. de Motteroz / France. Chambre des députés, p. 287
400:, had the French Inspector Grosgurin and his escort massacred. On 20 July 1893 the French parliament issued an ultimatum to Siam (
174:(17 February 1833 – 9 March 1918) was French naval officer, then departmental administrator. He was governor of the colony of
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1066:
1023:
999:
979:
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268:. The French privatized land ownership, collected taxes and put down a rebellion in 1867. A dispute over the power of King
1096:
544:(Chambre des Députés, 5e législature, session 1891, n ° 1401), Paris: Motteroz / France. Chambre des députés, p. 105
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84:
535:(Chambre des Députés, 5e législature, session 1890, n ° 665), Paris: Motteroz / France. Chambre des députés, p. 96
277:
67:
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613:(Association professionnelle des Ă©crivains militaires, maritimes et coloniaux), Paris: La Nouvelle revue, p. 30
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French Indochina. Cochinchina is the southernmost province. The Mekong defines the border between Thailand and Laos.
454:
After Le Myre de Vilers left Madagascar the situation deteriorated. In late June 1894 the French resident general,
396:
to evict Siamese officials and troops from that region. They met resistance. Phra Yot, the Siamese Commissioner of
243:. He was director of civil and financial affairs in Algeria from 1877 to 1879, appointed at the request of General
1135:
305:
261:
236:
506:
Boilloux; François Eugène Oscar Gally Passebosc; J. Geisendörfer; Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (1881),
288:
591:
Les institutions civiles de la Cochinchine (1879–1881) : recueil des principaux documents officiels
576:
455:
183:
577:
Ernest Fallot; Jean-Léon Gérôme; Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers; André Liesse; Camille Paris (1904),
458:, said the state of affairs in Tananarive was very tense. On 9 September 1894 French Foreign Minister
519:
Organisation administrative de l'Indochine française. Projet de rapport au président de la République
1058:
Colonial Cambodia's 'Bad Frenchmen': The rise of French rule and the life of Thomas Caraman, 1840–87
1036:
934:
322:
forced Norodom to sign a new agreement and started to consider outright annexation of Cambodia.
951:
583:, Preface by Joseph Chailley-Bert, Paris: A. Challamel / Union coloniale française, p. 468
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318:, which caused his dismissal in May 1882. He retired in 1883. In June 1884 his successor
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363:. In December 1888 he was himself made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.
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begin in 1874 when a stream of crates addressed to the king began to arrive in
244:
522:
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785:
634:
405:
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Dreyfus, Diplomatists and the dual Alliance. Gabriel Hanotaux at the Quai d
448:
Events of Madagascar. M. Le Myre de Vilers and the colons leaving the coast
417:
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Cochinchine française. Plan topographique de l'arrondissement de Gocong
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signed a Treaty of Friendship, Trade and French Protection with King
1156:
Members of the 7th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
1151:
Members of the 6th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
1146:
Members of the 5th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
499:
Notes sur la situation financière du département de la Haute-Vienne
401:
598:
933:
794:
570:
Rapport... (budget général de 1901 : ministère des colonies)
350:
Le Myre de Vilers was active in construction of the Antananarivo-
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Le Myre de Vilers was recalled to the service on 9 March 1886 by
225:
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Le Myre de Vilers was appointed the first civilian governor of
273:
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773:
491:
Publications by Le Myre de Vilers include, among many others:
287:
on 13 May 1879, and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of
851:
836:
824:
812:
800:
770:
393:
347:, which the French troops eventually defined unilaterally.
392:, and in April 1893 sent French and Annamite troops into
748:
746:
702:
210:
1077:"Le Myre de Vilers, le négociateur français dans l'île"
1041:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940
733:
731:
729:
875:
911:
743:
690:
388:
The French claimed authority to all land east of the
1181:
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
758:
726:
714:
680:
678:
558:
Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (14 November 1891),
899:
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863:
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549:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (7 November 1891),
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956:(in French), BnF: Bibliotheque nationale de France
645:
643:
635:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (1833–1918) – BnF
580:Préparation aux carrières coloniales: conférences
517:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (15 March 1888),
501:, Limoges: impr. de Chapoulard frères, p. 13
1117:
655:
568:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (10 July 1900),
530:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (14 June 1890),
224:on 30 October 1867. He was appointed Prefect of
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779:
640:
540:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (2 May 1891),
987:
857:
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806:
186:from 1889 to 1902, representing Cochinchina.
1161:Members of Parliament for French Cochinchina
610:La politique coloniale française depuis 1830
199:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers was born in
953:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (1833–1918)
599:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (c. 1910),
309:Le Myre de Vilers in 1884 by Otto van Bosch
255:
31:
991:The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials
967:
752:
708:
696:
607:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (1913),
588:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (1908),
497:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (1877),
438:
374:
304:
194:
1171:Colonial governors of French Madagascar
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118:12 December 1889 – 31 May 1902
1186:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
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1054:
988:Heller, Kevin; Simpson, Gerry (2013),
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737:
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57:7 July 1879 – 7 November 1882
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795:Charles Le Myre de Vilers – Assemblée
684:
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220:on 1 March 1863, then sub-prefect of
211:Departmental administration (1861–79)
182:(1886–1888). He was a member of the
1075:Pela Ravalitera (13 February 2012),
968:Corfield, Justin (13 October 2009),
383:
178:(1879–1882) and resident-general of
1094:
649:
301:cooperation of respectable firms."
13:
1043:, Presses universitaires de France
278:Louis Charles Georges Jules Lafont
68:Louis Charles Georges Jules Lafont
14:
1197:
601:Les Affaires du Tonkin, 1873–1883
251:Colonial administrator (1879–89)
85:Charles Antoine François Thomson
1055:Muller, Gregor (7 April 2006),
512:, Impr. de Lemercier, p. 1
486:
343:boundaries of the territory of
172:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers
25:Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers
91:Resident-general of Madagascar
1:
1037:"Le Myre de Vilers (Charles)"
619:
594:, Paris: E. Paul, p. 198
474:
325:
1141:19th-century French nobility
1083:(Notes du passé) (in French)
359:with the Grand Cross of the
7:
1097:"Charles Le MYRE de VILERS"
262:Pierre-Paul de La Grandière
10:
1202:
926:
456:Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy
260:On 11 August 1863 Admiral
1035:Jolly, Jean, ed. (1960),
1008:Iiams, Thomas M. (1962),
936:Charles Le Myre de Vilers
858:Heller & Simpson 2013
846:Heller & Simpson 2013
831:Heller & Simpson 2013
819:Heller & Simpson 2013
807:Heller & Simpson 2013
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1176:Prefects of Haute-Vienne
1166:Governors of Cochinchina
256:Cochinchina and Cambodia
184:French National Assembly
971:The History of Cambodia
280:to resolve the affair.
189:
45:Governor of Cochinchina
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380:
310:
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147:, Loir-et-Cher, France
939:, Assemblée nationale
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414:Devawongse Varoprakar
378:
308:
298:
195:Early years (1833–61)
107:Deputy of Cochinchina
780:Pela Ravalitera 2012
435:Return to Madagascar
332:Charles de Freycinet
80:Arthur de Trentinian
16:French naval officer
1136:People from VendĂ´me
270:Norodom of Cambodia
266:Norodom of Cambodia
233:Franco-Prussian War
207:on 13 August 1859.
1018:, Librairie Droz,
452:
446:(3 February 1895)
381:
367:Deputy (1889–1902)
311:
228:in November 1869.
1068:978-1-134-25372-2
1025:978-2-600-04281-9
1013:Orsay (1894-1898)
1001:978-0-19-967114-4
981:978-0-313-35723-7
884:, pp. 30–31.
711:, pp. 24–25.
384:Dispute with Siam
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444:Le Petit Journal
361:Legion of Honour
205:Legion of Honour
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142:17 February 1833
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127:Personal details
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340:Rainilaiarivony
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320:Charles Thomson
316:Tonkin Campaign
293:Jules Blancsubé
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767:, p. 125.
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245:Antoine Chanzy
237:Siege of Paris
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159:(aged 85)
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908:, p. 32.
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896:, p. 31.
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872:, p. 30.
871:
866:
860:, p. 56.
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833:, p. 54.
832:
827:
821:, p. 53.
820:
815:
809:, p. 52.
808:
803:
796:
791:
789:
781:
776:
774:
766:
761:
755:, p. 27.
754:
753:Corfield 2009
749:
747:
739:
734:
732:
730:
722:
717:
710:
709:Corfield 2009
705:
699:, p. 23.
698:
697:Corfield 2009
693:
686:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
651:
646:
644:
636:
631:
629:
624:
612:
611:
605:
602:
597:
593:
592:
586:
582:
581:
575:
571:
566:
562:
556:
552:
547:
543:
538:
534:
528:
524:
521:, Preface by
520:
515:
511:
510:
504:
500:
495:
494:
492:
484:
482:
472:
468:
464:
461:
457:
449:
445:
441:
432:
430:
429:
428:procès-verbal
422:
419:
415:
409:
407:
406:Jules Develle
403:
399:
395:
391:
377:
373:
364:
362:
358:
353:
348:
346:
341:
337:
333:
323:
321:
317:
307:
302:
297:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
208:
206:
202:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
164:
161:Paris, France
154:
150:
146:
134:
130:
125:
121:
115:
110:
105:
99:
94:
89:
86:
81:
78:
72:
69:
66:
60:
54:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1105:, retrieved
1100:
1085:, retrieved
1080:
1057:
1045:, retrieved
1040:
1030:
1017:
1014:
1010:
990:
974:, ABC-CLIO,
970:
958:, retrieved
952:
941:, retrieved
935:
913:
901:
889:
877:
865:
853:
826:
814:
802:
760:
716:
704:
692:
609:
600:
590:
579:
569:
561:Cochinchine)
559:
550:
541:
531:
525:, p. 22
518:
508:
498:
490:
487:Publications
478:
469:
465:
453:
447:
443:
426:
423:
418:Gulf of Siam
410:
387:
370:
349:
345:Diego-Suarez
336:Antananarivo
329:
312:
299:
282:
259:
241:Haute-Vienne
230:
214:
198:
171:
170:
157:(1918-03-09)
155:9 March 1918
113:
97:
75:Succeeded by
52:
18:
1131:1918 deaths
1126:1833 births
1103:(in French)
765:Muller 2006
738:Muller 2006
721:Muller 2006
523:Noël Pardon
285:Cochinchina
231:During the
176:Cochinchina
63:Preceded by
1120:Categories
918:Iiams 1962
906:Iiams 1962
894:Iiams 1962
882:Iiams 1962
870:Iiams 1962
685:Jolly 1960
620:References
475:Last years
398:Khammouane
326:Madagascar
180:Madagascar
138:1833-02-17
1095:Pierfit,
1081:L'Express
533:colonies)
352:Toamasina
114:In office
102:1886–1888
98:In office
53:In office
1101:Geneanet
402:Thailand
222:Bergerac
82:(acting)
1107:14 July
1087:14 July
1047:14 July
960:14 July
943:14 July
927:Sources
650:Pierfit
226:Algiers
201:VendĂ´me
145:VendĂ´me
1065:
1022:
998:
978:
390:Mekong
274:Saigon
218:Joigny
289:Annam
1109:2018
1089:2018
1063:ISBN
1049:2018
1020:ISBN
996:ISBN
976:ISBN
962:2018
945:2018
394:Laos
190:Life
152:Died
132:Born
1122::
1099:,
1079:,
1039:,
838:^
787:^
772:^
745:^
728:^
657:^
642:^
627:^
247:.
797:.
782:.
687:.
652:.
637:.
450:.
140:)
136:(
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