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1404:"Second MĂ©moire sur lâĂlectricitĂ© et le MagnĂ©tisme". In this publication, Coulomb carries out the "determination according to which laws both the Magnetic and the Electric fluids act, either by repulsion or by attraction." On page 579, he states that the attractive force between two oppositely charged spheres is proportional to the product of the quantities of charge on the spheres and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the spheres.
1415:"QuatriĂšme MĂ©moire" "Where two principal properties of the electric fluid are demonstrated: first, that this fluid does not expand into any object according to a chemical affinity or by an elective attraction, but that it divides itself between different objects brought into contact; second, that in conducting objects, the fluid, having achieved a state of stability, expands on the surface of the body and does not penetrate into the interior." (1786)
1304:
31:
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1390:"Premier MĂ©moire sur lâĂlectricitĂ© et le MagnĂ©tisme". In this publication, Coulomb describes "How to construct and use an electric balance (torsion balance) based on the property of the metal wires of having a reaction torsion force proportional to the torsion angle." Coulomb also experimentally determined the law that explains how "two bodies electrified of the same kind of Electricity exert on each other." On page 574 he states:
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1376:
1176:. Over the next twenty years, he was posted to a variety of locations where he was involved in engineering: structural, fortifications, soil mechanics, as well as other fields of engineering. His first posting was to Brest but in February 1764 he was sent to
1211:. During his period at Rochefort, Coulomb carried on his research into mechanics, in particular using the shipyards in Rochefort as laboratories for his experiments. Also in 1779 he published an important investigation of the laws of friction (
1407:"TroisiĂšme MĂ©moire sur lâĂlectricitĂ© et le MagnĂ©tisme". "On the quantity of Electricity that an isolated body loses in a certain time period, either by contact with less humid air or in the supports more or less idio-electric."
1398:
Translation: It follows therefore from these three tests, that the repulsive force that the two balls â electrified with the same kind of electricity â exert on each other, follows the inverse proportion of the square of the
1418:"CinquiĂšme MĂ©moire" "On the manner in which the electric fluid divides itself between conducting objects brought into contact and the distribution of this fluid on the different parts of the surface of this object." (1787)
1149:. His studies included philosophy, language and literature. He also received a good education in mathematics, astronomy, chemistry and botany. When his father suffered a financial setback, he was forced to leave
1421:"SixiĂšme MĂ©moire" "Continuation of research into the distribution of the electric fluid between several conductors. Determination of electric density at different points on the surface of these bodies." (1788)
5695:
1282:. He became one of the first members of the French National Institute and was appointed inspector of public instruction in 1802. His health was already very feeble and four years later he died in Paris.
1396:
Il rĂ©sulte donc de ces trois essais, que l'action rĂ©pulsive que les deux balles Ă©lectrifĂ©es de la mĂȘme nature d'Ă©lectricitĂ© exercent l'une sur l'autre, suit la raison inverse du carrĂ© des distances.
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the moment of the torque is, for wires of the same metal, proportional to the torsional angle, the fourth power of the diameter and the inverse of the length of the wire.
1188:
and this task occupied him until June 1772. His health suffered setbacks during the three years he spent in
Martinique that would affect him for the rest of his life.
5357:
1359:(Theoretical research and experimentation on torsion and the elasticity of metal wire) appeared. This memoir contained the results of Coulomb's experiments on the
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and they were impressed by the revolutionary "pavilion" design and recommended it to the French government. On the outbreak of the
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Coulomb explained the laws of attraction and repulsion between electric charges and magnetic poles, although he did not find any
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Théorie des machines simples, en ayant regard au frottement de leurs parties et à la roideur des cordages
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1597:"Recherches théoriques et expérimentales sur la force de torsion et sur l'élasticité des fils de metal,"
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between the two phenomena. He thought that the attraction and repulsion were due to different kinds of
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by the
International Conference on Electrical Units and Standards (London, 1908) and adopted into the
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Recherches théoriques et expérimentales sur la force de torsion et sur l'élasticité des fils de metal
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1195:. He began to write important works on applied mechanics and he presented his first work to the
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1141:, and Catherine Bajet. He was baptised at the parish church of St. André. The family moved to
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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He was recalled to Paris for a time in order to take part in the new determination of
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In 1785, Coulomb presented his first three reports on electricity and magnetism:
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Coulomb's
Memoirs on Torsion, Electricity, and Magnetism Translated into English
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1784:
1726:"The research works of Coulomb and Amontons and generalized laws of friction"
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897:
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549:
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364:
349:
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2009:
2005:
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1217:), which was followed twenty years later by a memoir on fluid resistance.
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1138:
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509:
171:
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1220:
Upon his return to France, with the rank of captain, he was employed at
1157:. Coulomb submitted his first publication to the Society of Sciences in
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4233:
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2345:
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1585:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 308.
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1236:
and the square of its distance and then the same relationship between
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1229:
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during this time. He went back to Paris and passed the exams for the
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176:
62:
30:
2474:
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5539:
5418:
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1825:
1821:
1452:
1232:. He discovered first an inverse relationship of the force between
1192:
1095:
1075:
619:
614:
234:
129:
2602:
2244:
2079:
1979:
1969:
1110:
1102:
589:
1938:
1928:
1528:
The "International
Coulomb" was defined in modification of the
1411:
Four subsequent reports were published in the following years:
1237:
1083:
674:
181:
4673:
François
Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
4607:
2405:
2154:
2029:
2019:
1989:
1485:
List of scientists whose names are used in physical constants
1439:
Coulomb also made a significant contribution to the field of
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1248:
1150:
1142:
1013:
983:
84:
1911:
2445:
2274:
2109:
2099:
1375:
1094:
of attraction and repulsion. He also did important work on
1037:
1001:
4647:
1022:
989:
4487:
2049:
1540:
had already been used in earlier systems proposed by the
1645:"TroisiĂšme mĂ©moire sur lâĂ©lectricitĂ© et le magnĂ©tisme,"
1709:"SeptiĂšme mĂ©moire sur lâĂ©lectricitĂ© et le magnĂ©tisme,"
1455:
undertaken in the eighteenth century and was named by
2466:
People whose names are used in chemical element names
2462:
Scientists whose names are used in physical constants
1613:"Premier mĂ©moire sur lâĂ©lectricitĂ© et le magnĂ©tisme,"
1530:
International System of
Electrical and Magnetic Units
1285:
Coulomb leaves a legacy as a pioneer in the field of
1050:
1010:
980:
5403:
List of people associated with the French
Revolution
1629:"Second mĂ©moire sur lâĂ©lectricitĂ© et le magnĂ©tisme,"
1267:
and retired to a small estate which he possessed at
1240:. Later these relationships were named after him as
1207:
in constructing a fort made entirely from wood near
1034:
1019:
998:
986:
5635:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen
2725:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen
1040:
1031:
1025:
1016:
1004:
992:
977:
1854:
1759:"Men of Tribology: Leonardo da Vinci (1452â1519)"
1184:, where he was put in charge of building the new
5712:
4561:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
2458:List of scientists whose names are used as units
1851:The MĂ©moires of Coulomb available in pdf format.
1451:. He completed the most comprehensive study of
2603:Significant civil and political events by year
1199:in Paris in 1773. In 1779 Coulomb was sent to
1070:; 14 June 1736 â 23 August 1806) was a French
2490:
1897:
1843:Collection de mémoires relatifs à la physique
1813:Works by or about Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
1191:On his return to France, Coulomb was sent to
949:
5656:
5615:
5591:
5572:
4556:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1516:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
1212:
3243:
1723:
4760:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
2497:
2483:
1904:
1890:
1712:Histoire de lâAcadĂ©mie Royale des Sciences
1696:Histoire de lâAcadĂ©mie Royale des Sciences
1680:Histoire de lâAcadĂ©mie Royale des Sciences
1664:Histoire de lâAcadĂ©mie Royale des Sciences
1648:Histoire de lâAcadĂ©mie Royale des Sciences
1632:Histoire de lâAcadĂ©mie Royale des Sciences
1616:Histoire de lâAcadĂ©mie Royale des Sciences
1600:Histoire de lâAcadĂ©mie Royale des Sciences
1480:List of things named after Charles Coulomb
1145:early in his childhood, and he studied at
956:
942:
160:
29:
5751:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
5025:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4683:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4506:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1774:
1741:
5457:
2741:Nationalization of the Church properties
1912:Scientists whose names are used as units
1571:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1461:
1424:"SeptiĂšme MĂ©moire" "On magnetism" (1789)
1374:
1263:in 1789, he resigned his appointment as
1133:, to Henry Coulomb, an inspector of the
1121:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb was born in
5686:Historiography of the French Revolution
4957:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4668:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
2271:John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
1866:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1363:for metal wires, specifically within a
705:Electromagnetism and special relativity
5713:
4693:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
4648:Other significant figures and factions
1756:
1724:Popova, E.; Popov, V.L. (2015-06-30).
1677:"CinquiĂšme mĂ©moire sur lâĂ©lectricitĂ©,"
1661:"QuatriĂšme mĂ©moire sur lâĂ©lectricitĂ©,"
1544:, hence the qualifier "international".
1295:72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower
5561:
5456:
4740:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4646:
4496:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4435:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4393:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
3996:
3242:
2873:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
2601:
2504:
2478:
1885:
1547:
1459:as one of the 23 "Men of Tribology".
1065:
725:Maxwell equations in curved spacetime
4894:Louis Marie de La RĂ©velliĂšre-LĂ©peaux
4306:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
3997:
3093:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1822:Works by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
1693:"SixiĂšme mĂ©moire sur lâĂ©lectricitĂ©,"
1168:He graduated in 1761 and joined the
5562:
4501:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
13:
5691:Influence of the French Revolution
5681:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4445:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4406:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2661:Convocation of the Estates General
1113:, was named in his honor in 1880.
14:
5772:
5333:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
5065:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4367:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
4149:François Christophe de Kellermann
3388:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2412:René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
1806:
1763:Journal of Lubrication Technology
1449:Amontons-Coulomb laws of friction
1163:Ăcole royale du gĂ©nie de MĂ©ziĂšres
1086:discoverer of what is now called
108:Ăcole royale du gĂ©nie de MĂ©ziĂšres
5060:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
4967:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
4937:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
4828:Jean-Marie Roland de la PlatiĂšre
4606:
4571:
4541:
4516:
4473:
4347:
4224:Ădouard Mortier, Duke of TrĂ©vise
4005:
2777:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1829:
1559:
1334:
1318:
1302:
1278:, which had been decreed by the
1257:Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse
1172:as an engineer with the rank of
973:
5398:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
5145:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
5070:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
4281:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
4276:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
4256:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
4084:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
3002:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
1791:from the original on 2023-02-23
1750:
1717:
1701:
1685:
1293:design. His name is one of the
1265:intendant des eaux et fontaines
5671:Women in the French Revolution
5273:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4450:Johann MĂ©szĂĄros von SzoboszlĂł
4114:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
3743:French invasion of Switzerland
2261:Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet
1669:
1653:
1637:
1621:
1605:
1589:
1522:
1497:
1447:and Coulomb are well known as
1341:First page of a 1821 copy of "
1325:Title page of a 1821 copy of "
1:
5676:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5495:Pierre Claude François Daunou
5283:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4414:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4385:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3682:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3435:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3409:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
3218:Constitution of the Year VIII
2953:Committee of General Security
2838:National Legislative Assembly
2693:National Constituent Assembly
2321:William John Macquorn Rankine
2251:Jean LĂ©onard Marie Poiseuille
1861:"Charles-Augustin de Coulomb"
1757:Dowson, Duncan (1977-10-01).
1534:International System of Units
1490:
1247:In 1781, he was stationed at
730:Relativistic electromagnetism
5594:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5388:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
5278:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
5175:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
5075:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
4765:Charles Malo François Lameth
4440:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
4271:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
4214:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3414:Second Battle of Wissembourg
3101:Constitution of the Year III
1837:Théorie des machines simples
1343:Théorie des machines simples
1327:Théorie des machines simples
1311:Théorie des machines simples
16:French physicist (1736â1806)
7:
5490:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
5115:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
5050:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
5010:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
4889:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
4874:JĂ©rĂŽme PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
4869:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4678:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4531:William V, Prince of Orange
3401:First Battle of Wissembourg
3358:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
3074:Closing of the Jacobin Club
2943:(27 Jun 1793 â 27 Jul 1794)
2900:(20 Sep 1792 â 26 Oct 1795)
2760:Abolition of the Parlements
2733:Women's March on Versailles
1976:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
1828:(public domain audiobooks)
1542:British Science Association
1473:
1350:
969:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
23:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
10:
5777:
5625:French Republican calendar
5180:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
4805:Bertrand BarĂšre de Vieuzac
4159:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
4109:Charles François Dumouriez
4099:Jacques François Dugommier
3913:League of Armed Neutrality
3746:(28 January â 17 May 1798)
3698:Battle of the Bay of CĂĄdiz
3521:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3500:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3164:Second Congress of Rastatt
2948:Committee of Public Safety
2935:(9 Mar 1793 â 31 May 1795)
1082:. He is best known as the
455:LiĂ©nardâWiechert potential
5640:Cult of the Supreme Being
5568:
5557:
5463:
5452:
5411:
5245:
5238:
5123:
4980:
4902:
4813:
4800:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
4706:
4655:Patriotic Society of 1789
4653:
4642:
4604:
4569:
4539:
4514:
4471:
4458:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4380:Karl Aloys zu FĂŒrstenberg
4345:
4336:
4314:
4019:
4003:
3992:
3961:
3924:
3897:Convention of Alessandria
3879:
3786:
3733:
3664:
3534:
3508:
3425:
3322:
3249:
3238:
3194:
3183:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
3175:
3148:
3085:
3021:
2916:
2849:
2798:
2752:
2644:What Is the Third Estate?
2635:
2608:
2597:
2512:
2455:
2334:
2301:Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
2284:
2129:
1948:
1917:
1743:10.1007/s40544-015-0074-6
1577:Coulomb, Charles Augustin
1367:. His general result is:
1090:, the description of the
720:Mathematical descriptions
430:Electromagnetic radiation
420:Electromagnetic induction
360:Magnetic vector potential
355:Magnetic scalar potential
113:
103:
95:
73:
44:
28:
21:
5348:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5313:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5195:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
5165:François-Nicolas Vincent
5150:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4324:Charles-Alexandre Linois
4219:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
4199:François Séverin Marceau
4179:François Joseph Lefebvre
4074:Jean-Ătienne Championnet
4049:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
4044:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
4039:Alexandre de Beauharnais
4029:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
3751:French Invasion of Egypt
3629:Second Battle of Bassano
3363:Battle of Kaiserslautern
3137:Conspiracy of the Equals
2830:The Constitution of 1791
2701:Storming of the Bastille
1871:University of St Andrews
1289:for his contribution to
1287:geotechnical engineering
1280:Revolutionary government
1203:to collaborate with the
1054:-lom, -lohm, koo-
5328:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
5200:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5160:Antoine-François Momoro
5155:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4972:François de Neufchùteau
4922:Charles-François Lebrun
4864:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
4745:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4621:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4427:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4422:Karl Mack von Leiberich
4054:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
3868:Second Battle of Zurich
3759:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3605:First Battle of Bassano
3443:Second Battle of Boulou
3244:Revolutionary campaigns
3202:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
3117:Council of Five Hundred
2905:First republic declared
2841:(1 Oct 1791 â Sep 1792)
2822:Declaration of Pillnitz
2546:Constitutional monarchy
2311:Johann Heinrich Lambert
2211:Johann Heinrich Lambert
2076:Rolf Maximilian Sievert
1849:French National Library
1582:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1205:Marquis de Montalembert
1116:
270:Electrostatic induction
265:Electrostatic discharge
5746:French civil engineers
5741:Geotechnical engineers
5657:
5616:
5592:
5573:
5085:Prieur de la CĂŽte-d'Or
5080:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4990:Maximilien Robespierre
4823:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4688:Emmanuel Joseph SieyĂšs
4119:Louis-Charles de Flers
4104:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
4069:Jean François Carteaux
3844:First Battle of Zurich
3807:(20 Mar â 21 May 1799)
3762:(23 May â 23 Sep 1798)
3722:Treaty of Campo Formio
3468:Glorious First of June
3396:(18 Sep â 18 Dec 1793)
3355:Expedition to Sardinia
3033:Desmoulins guillotined
2968:Assassination of Marat
2960:Fall of the Girondists
2932:Revolutionary Tribunal
2924:Execution of Louis XVI
2814:Champ de Mars massacre
2717:Abolition of Feudalism
2442:Evangelista Torricelli
1470:
1401:
1383:
1373:
1213:
700:Electromagnetic tensor
5731:People from AngoulĂȘme
5530:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4795:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4775:Jean-François Rewbell
4261:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4144:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
4134:Jacques Maurice Hatry
3905:Battle of Hohenlinden
3778:(12 Oct â 5 Dec 1798)
3613:Battle of Emmendingen
3560:Battle of Castiglione
3447:(30 Apr â 1 May 1794)
3378:Battle of Hondschoote
3049:Thermidorian Reaction
3013:(throughout the year)
2786:FĂȘte de la FĂ©dĂ©ration
2712:(20 Jul â 5 Aug 1789)
2696:(9 Jul â 30 Sep 1791)
2680:(17 Jun â 9 Jul 1790)
2342:Alexander Graham Bell
2241:Hans Christian Ărsted
2141:Anders Jonas Ă
ngström
1465:
1393:
1378:
1369:
1197:Académie des Sciences
693:Covariant formulation
485:Synchrotron radiation
425:Electromagnetic pulse
415:Electromagnetic field
5458:Influential thinkers
5205:Jean-François Varlet
5105:Jean-Lambert Tallien
5100:Jean Bon Saint-André
4927:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
4849:Marquis de Condorcet
4698:Nicolas de Condorcet
4463:Dagobert von Wurmser
4296:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
4239:Pierre-Jacques Osten
4154:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
4089:Louis-Nicolas Davout
4079:Chapuis de Tourville
3621:Battle of Schliengen
3568:Battle of Theiningen
3489:Battle of Aldenhoven
3373:Battle of Wattignies
3342:Battle of Neerwinden
3156:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2669:Death of the Dauphin
2335:Non-systematic units
2181:Carl Friedrich Gauss
2116:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
2026:James Prescott Joule
1857:Robertson, Edmund F.
1355:In 1784, his memoir
1276:weights and measures
735:Stressâenergy tensor
660:Reluctance (complex)
405:Displacement current
5545:Mary Wollstonecraft
5323:Jean Sylvain Bailly
5110:Pierre Louis Prieur
5055:Jean-Henri Voulland
5030:Jacques-Louis David
4962:Jean Joseph Mounier
4663:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4301:Belgrand de Vaubois
4189:Jean-Antoine Marbot
4129:Emmanuel de Grouchy
3934:Treaty of Lunéville
3573:Battle of Neresheim
3518:Siege of Luxembourg
3497:Siege of Luxembourg
3452:Battle of Tourcoing
3383:Siege of Bellegarde
3210:Coup of 18 Brumaire
3122:Council of Ancients
2897:National Convention
2889:September Massacres
2865:Brunswick Manifesto
2857:France declares war
2624:Assembly of Vizille
2231:James Clerk Maxwell
1855:O'Connor, John J.;
1092:electrostatic force
650:Magnetomotive force
535:Electromotive force
505:Alternating current
440:Jefimenko equations
400:Cyclotron radiation
138:Mohr-Coulomb theory
5383:Loménie de Brienne
5358:Madame de Lamballe
5293:Napoléon Bonaparte
5090:Prieur de la Marne
5005:Camille Desmoulins
4859:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
4735:Jean-Sifrein Maury
4730:Arnaud de La Porte
4586:Alexander Korsakov
4372:Count of Clerfayt
4291:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4204:Auguste de Marmont
4059:Napoléon Bonaparte
3950:Algeciras campaign
3942:Treaty of Florence
3820:Battle of Stockach
3653:Ireland expedition
3637:Battle of Calliano
3597:Battle of Rovereto
3589:Battle of WĂŒrzburg
3041:Law of 22 Prairial
3010:Anti-clerical laws
2985:The Death of Marat
2806:Flight to Varennes
2066:Werner von Siemens
1925:André-Marie AmpÚre
1536:in 1948. The name
1509:2018-02-04 at the
1471:
1445:Guillaume Amontons
1443:. The findings of
1384:
498:Electrical network
335:Gauss magnetic law
300:Static electricity
260:Electric potential
5736:French physicists
5708:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5582:Cockade of France
5553:
5552:
5515:Antoine Lavoisier
5505:Benjamin Franklin
5485:Anacharsis Cloots
5448:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5368:Louis de Breteuil
5210:Theophile Leclerc
4638:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4591:Alexander Suvorov
4332:
4331:
4266:JĂłzef Poniatowski
4184:Ătienne Macdonald
3988:
3987:
3889:Battle of Marengo
3852:Battle of Trebbia
3836:Battle of Cassano
3828:Battle of Magnano
3812:Battle of Ostrach
3714:Battle of Neuwied
3476:Battle of Fleurus
3460:Battle of Tournay
3337:War in the Vendée
3273:Royalist Revolts
3234:
3233:
2791:
2767:Abolition of the
2685:Tennis Court Oath
2677:National Assembly
2506:French Revolution
2472:
2471:
1996:Louis Harold Gray
1776:10.1115/1.3453230
966:
965:
665:Reluctance (real)
635:Gyratorâcapacitor
580:Resonant cavities
470:Maxwell equations
143:
142:
37:Hippolyte Lecomte
5768:
5662:
5650:Temple of Reason
5621:
5597:
5578:
5559:
5558:
5510:Thomas Jefferson
5454:
5453:
5373:de Chateaubriand
5303:Joseph Bonaparte
5298:Lucien Bonaparte
5288:Marie Antoinette
5243:
5242:
5230:Sylvain Maréchal
5185:François Hanriot
5020:Louis Philippe I
4947:Louis Philippe I
4942:Philippe ĂgalitĂ©
4884:Olympe de Gouges
4854:Charlotte Corday
4844:Ătienne ClaviĂšre
4644:
4643:
4626:Antonio Ricardos
4611:
4610:
4596:Andrei Rosenberg
4576:
4575:
4546:
4545:
4521:
4520:
4491:Ralph Abercromby
4478:
4477:
4453:
4430:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4388:
4375:
4352:
4351:
4343:
4342:
4247:
4194:Marcellin Marbot
4017:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3998:Military leaders
3994:
3993:
3981:
3973:
3969:Treaty of Amiens
3954:
3946:
3938:
3917:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3872:
3871:(25â26 Sep 1799)
3864:
3856:
3855:(17â20 Jun 1799)
3848:
3840:
3839:(27â28 Apr 1799)
3832:
3824:
3816:
3815:(20â21 Mar 1799)
3808:
3800:
3796:Second Coalition
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3706:Treaty of Leoben
3702:
3694:
3693:(14â15 Jan 1797)
3690:Battle of Rivoli
3686:
3678:
3674:Italian campaign
3657:
3649:
3648:(15â17 Nov 1796)
3645:Battle of Arcole
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3581:Battle of Amberg
3577:
3564:
3556:
3552:Battle of Lonato
3548:
3544:Italian campaign
3522:
3501:
3493:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3439:
3418:
3417:(26â27 Dec 1793)
3405:
3397:
3359:
3351:
3347:Battle of Famars
3315:
3240:
3239:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3187:
3168:
3160:
3141:
3133:
3113:
3105:
3097:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2809:(20â21 Jun 1791)
2789:
2781:
2773:
2764:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2628:
2620:
2616:Day of the Tiles
2599:
2598:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2096:Alessandro Volta
1949:SI derived units
1906:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1873:
1833:
1832:
1817:Internet Archive
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1778:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1721:
1715:
1714:, pages 455â505.
1705:
1699:
1698:, pages 617â705.
1689:
1683:
1682:, pages 421â467.
1673:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1650:, pages 612â638.
1643:Coulomb (1785c)
1641:
1635:
1634:, pages 578â611.
1627:Coulomb (1785b)
1625:
1619:
1618:, pages 569â577.
1611:Coulomb (1785a)
1609:
1603:
1602:, pages 229â269.
1593:
1587:
1586:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1545:
1526:
1520:
1501:
1338:
1322:
1306:
1234:electric charges
1216:
1137:originally from
1069:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
995:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
958:
951:
944:
625:Electric machine
608:Magnetic circuit
570:Parallel circuit
560:Network analysis
525:Electric current
460:London equations
305:Triboelectricity
295:Potential energy
164:
154:Electromagnetism
145:
144:
130:Coulomb friction
126:Coulomb blockade
80:
54:
52:
33:
19:
18:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5700:
5575:La Marseillaise
5564:
5563:Cultural impact
5549:
5459:
5440:
5407:
5363:Madame du Barry
5353:Catherine Théot
5343:Thérésa Tallien
5234:
5225:Gracchus Babeuf
5170:François Chabot
5127:
5119:
5040:Georges Couthon
5035:Marquis de Sade
5000:Jean-Paul Marat
4976:
4932:Bertrand BarĂšre
4898:
4809:
4790:Boissy d'Anglas
4785:Madame de Staël
4750:Antoine Barnave
4718:
4711:
4702:
4649:
4630:
4605:
4600:
4570:
4565:
4540:
4535:
4515:
4510:
4472:
4467:
4451:
4428:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4386:
4373:
4362:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
4346:
4328:
4310:
4251:Nicolas Oudinot
4241:
4174:Claude Lecourbe
4169:Charles Leclerc
4064:Guillaume Brune
4034:Pierre Augereau
4004:
3999:
3984:
3979:
3977:Treaty of Paris
3971:
3957:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3920:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3782:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3660:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3530:
3520:
3504:
3499:
3491:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3437:
3421:
3416:
3403:
3395:
3393:Siege of Toulon
3357:
3349:
3332:First Coalition
3318:
3309:
3245:
3230:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3190:
3185:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3081:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3017:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2994:Law of Suspects
2988:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2942:
2940:Reign of Terror
2934:
2926:
2912:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2794:
2779:
2771:
2762:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2720:(4â11 Aug 1789)
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2653:RĂ©veillon riots
2647:
2631:
2626:
2618:
2604:
2593:
2508:
2503:
2473:
2468:
2451:
2422:Wilhelm Röntgen
2382:Michael Faraday
2330:
2291:
2280:
2201:Heinrich Kayser
2191:William Gilbert
2171:Galileo Galilei
2130:Non-SI metric (
2125:
1986:Michael Faraday
1956:Henri Becquerel
1944:
1913:
1910:
1830:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1755:
1751:
1722:
1718:
1707:Coulomb (1789)
1706:
1702:
1691:Coulomb (1788)
1690:
1686:
1675:Coulomb (1787)
1674:
1670:
1659:Coulomb (1786)
1658:
1654:
1642:
1638:
1626:
1622:
1610:
1606:
1595:Coulomb (1784)
1594:
1590:
1575:, ed. (1911). "
1560:
1558:
1557:
1548:
1527:
1523:
1511:Wayback Machine
1502:
1498:
1493:
1476:
1381:torsion balance
1365:torsion balance
1361:torsional force
1353:
1346:
1339:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1307:
1255:he visited the
1251:. In 1787 with
1147:CollĂšge Mazarin
1119:
1107:electric charge
1067:[kulÉÌ]
1062:
1055:
1051:
1030:
1009:
997:
976:
972:
962:
933:
932:
748:
740:
739:
695:
685:
684:
640:Induction motor
610:
600:
599:
515:Current density
500:
490:
489:
480:Poynting vector
390:
388:Electrodynamics
380:
379:
375:Right-hand rule
340:Magnetic dipole
330:BiotâSavart law
320:
310:
309:
245:Electric dipole
240:Electric charge
215:
136:
134:Coulomb damping
132:
128:
124:
120:
118:Torsion balance
104:Alma mater
91:
82:
78:
69:
56:
50:
48:
40:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5774:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5645:Cult of Reason
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5589:
5587:Flag of France
5584:
5579:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5393:Jacques Necker
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5215:Claire Lacombe
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5140:Jacques HĂ©bert
5136:
5134:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4995:Georges Danton
4992:
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4839:Henri Grégoire
4835:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4780:Camille Jordan
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
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4670:
4665:
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4651:
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4640:
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4636:
4635:
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4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4617:
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4602:
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4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
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4580:
4567:
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4563:
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4550:
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4536:
4534:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
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4460:
4455:
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4437:
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4424:
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4411:
4403:
4395:
4390:
4382:
4377:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4023:
4014:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
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3982:
3974:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3885:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3865:
3860:Battle of Novi
3857:
3849:
3847:(4â7 Jun 1799)
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3792:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3640:(6â7 Nov 1796)
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3555:(3â4 Aug 1796)
3549:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3526:Peace of Basel
3523:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3411:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Siege of Mainz
3365:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3304:
3299:
3297:Siege of Mainz
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3129:13 Vendémiaire
3126:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3106:
3098:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2981:
2976:Levée en masse
2973:
2965:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2937:
2929:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2881:10th of August
2878:
2870:
2862:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2774:
2765:
2763:(FebâJul 1790)
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2621:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2416:degree RĂ©aumur
2409:
2399:
2392:Heinrich Mache
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2325:degree Rankine
2318:
2308:
2297:
2295:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2221:Samuel Langley
2218:
2208:
2198:
2188:
2178:
2168:
2158:
2148:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2073:
2063:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2023:
2016:Heinrich Hertz
2013:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1966:Anders Celsius
1963:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1819:
1808:
1807:External links
1805:
1802:
1801:
1769:(4): 382â386.
1749:
1716:
1700:
1684:
1668:
1666:, pages 67â77.
1652:
1636:
1620:
1604:
1588:
1573:Chisholm, Hugh
1546:
1521:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1309:1821 copy of "
1308:
1301:
1291:retaining wall
1238:magnetic poles
1153:, and went to
1118:
1115:
1058:, -LOHM
964:
963:
961:
960:
953:
946:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
715:Four-potential
712:
707:
702:
696:
691:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
630:Electric motor
627:
622:
617:
611:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
592:
587:
585:Series circuit
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
555:Kirchhoff laws
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
520:Direct current
517:
512:
507:
501:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
477:
475:Maxwell tensor
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
445:Larmor formula
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
395:Bremsstrahlung
391:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
345:Magnetic field
342:
337:
332:
327:
321:
318:Magnetostatics
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
250:Electric field
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
220:Charge density
216:
213:Electrostatics
211:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
166:
165:
157:
156:
150:
149:
148:Articles about
141:
140:
115:
114:Known for
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
83:
81:(aged 70)
77:23 August 1806
75:
71:
70:
57:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5773:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5659:Sans-culottes
5655:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5630:Metric system
5628:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5560:
5556:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5455:
5451:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5429:Panthéon Club
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5318:Joachim Murat
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5095:Gilbert Romme
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:de CambacérÚs
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4834:
4833:Madame Roland
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:André Chénier
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4725:Grace Elliott
4723:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4641:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:Joseph Souham
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:Joachim Murat
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4209:André Masséna
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4008:
4002:
3995:
3991:
3980:(25 Jun 1802)
3978:
3975:
3972:(25 Mar 1802)
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3951:
3948:
3945:(18 Mar 1801)
3943:
3940:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3900:(15 Jun 1800)
3898:
3895:
3892:(14 Jun 1800)
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3869:
3866:
3863:(15 Aug 1799)
3861:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3826:
3823:(25 Mar 1799)
3821:
3818:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3804:Siege of Acre
3802:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3776:
3775:Peasants' War
3773:
3768:
3765:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3749:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3725:(17 Oct 1797)
3723:
3720:
3717:(18 Apr 1797)
3715:
3712:
3709:(17 Apr 1797)
3707:
3704:
3701:(25 Jan 1797)
3699:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3685:(13 Jan 1797)
3683:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3654:
3651:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3624:(26 Oct 1796)
3622:
3619:
3616:(19 Oct 1796)
3614:
3611:
3606:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3590:
3587:
3584:(24 Aug 1796)
3582:
3579:
3576:(11 Aug 1796)
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3479:(26 Jun 1794)
3477:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3463:(22 May 1794)
3461:
3458:
3455:(18 May 1794)
3453:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3438:(24 Apr 1794)
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3404:(13 Oct 1793)
3402:
3399:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3350:(23 May 1793)
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3224:
3221:(24 Dec 1799)
3219:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3205:(18 Jun 1799)
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3186:(11 May 1798)
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3104:(22 Aug 1795)
3102:
3099:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3077:(11 Nov 1794)
3075:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3061:(28 Jul 1794)
3058:
3055:
3052:(27 Jul 1794)
3050:
3047:
3044:(10 Jun 1794)
3042:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3011:
3008:
3005:(16 Oct 1793)
3003:
3000:
2997:(17 Sep 1793)
2995:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2979:(23 Aug 1793)
2977:
2974:
2971:(13 Jul 1793)
2969:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2933:
2930:
2927:(21 Jan 1793)
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2908:(22 Sep 1792)
2906:
2903:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2884:(10 Aug 1792)
2882:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2868:(25 Jul 1792)
2866:
2863:
2860:(20 Apr 1792)
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2828:
2825:(27 Aug 1791)
2823:
2820:
2817:(17 Jul 1791)
2815:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2790:(14 Jul 1790)
2788:
2787:
2783:
2780:(12 Jul 1790)
2778:
2775:
2772:(23 Jun 1790)
2770:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2728:(26 Aug 1789)
2726:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2704:(14 Jul 1789)
2702:
2699:
2694:
2691:
2688:(20 Jun 1789)
2686:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2672:(4 June 1789)
2670:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2656:(28 Apr 1789)
2654:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2627:(21 Jul 1788)
2625:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:Ancien RĂ©gime
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2432:J. J. Thomson
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:Lorånd Eötvös
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2056:Blaise Pascal
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:SI base units
1916:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1568:public domain
1555:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1457:Duncan Dowson
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1242:Coulomb's law
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:royal demesne
1132:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Coulomb's law
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1045:
970:
959:
954:
952:
947:
945:
940:
939:
937:
936:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
744:
743:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
694:
689:
688:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
609:
604:
603:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
550:Joule heating
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
499:
494:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:Lorentz force
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
389:
384:
383:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
365:Magnetization
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Magnetic flux
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
319:
314:
313:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
255:Electric flux
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
214:
209:
208:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
192:Computational
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
168:
167:
163:
159:
158:
155:
152:
151:
147:
146:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
122:Coulomb's law
119:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
20:
5761:Tribologists
5756:Metrologists
5666:Phrygian cap
5611:Bastille Day
5525:Thomas Paine
5489:
5480:Edmund Burke
5475:Beaumarchais
5469:Les LumiĂšres
5467:
5308:Joseph Fesch
5220:Pauline LĂ©on
5190:Jacques Roux
5129:
4713:
4139:Lazare Hoche
4124:Paul Grenier
4094:Louis Desaix
3953:(8 Jul 1801)
3937:(9 Feb 1801)
3908:(3 Dec 1800)
3831:(5 Apr 1799)
3632:(6 Nov 1796)
3608:(8 Sep 1796)
3600:(4 Sep 1796)
3592:(3 Sep 1796)
3563:(5 Aug 1796)
3492:(2 Oct 1794)
3471:(1 Jun 1794)
3213:(9 Nov 1799)
3159:(4 Sep 1797)
3096:(1 Apr 1795)
3066:White Terror
3059:guillotined
3036:(5 Apr 1794)
2983:
2963:(2 Jun 1793)
2833:(3 Sep 1791)
2784:
2744:(2 Nov 1789)
2736:(5 Oct 1789)
2664:(5 May 1789)
2642:
2619:(7 Jun 1788)
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2362:Pierre Curie
2315:foot-lambert
2086:Nikola Tesla
2036:Isaac Newton
2006:Joseph Henry
1975:
1864:
1793:. Retrieved
1766:
1762:
1752:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1580:
1537:
1524:
1514:
1499:
1466:
1438:
1430:relationship
1427:
1410:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1370:
1356:
1354:
1342:
1326:
1310:
1284:
1273:
1264:
1246:
1219:
1190:
1186:Fort Bourbon
1167:
1120:
1100:
968:
967:
762:
710:Four-current
645:Linear motor
530:Electrolysis
410:Eddy current
370:Permeability
290:Polarization
285:Permittivity
79:(1806-08-23)
55:14 June 1736
35:Portrait by
5726:1806 deaths
5721:1736 births
5535:Abbé SieyÚs
5520:Montesquieu
5436:Social Club
5378:Jean Chouan
5268:Louis XVIII
5045:Roger Ducos
5015:Paul Barras
4982:Montagnards
4912:Abbé SieyÚs
4715:monarchiens
4523:Netherlands
4452:(Hungarian)
4400:(Hungarian)
4316:French Navy
4242: [
4164:Jean Lannes
4021:French Army
3799:(1798â1802)
3770:(1798â1800)
3754:(1798â1801)
3484:Chouannerie
3445:(Pyrenees)
3310: [
3277:Chouannerie
3069:(Fall 1794)
3057:Robespierre
2402:John Napier
2372:John Dalton
2352:Marie Curie
2151:Peter Debye
1935:Lord Kelvin
1736:: 183â190.
1226:Isle of Aix
1222:La Rochelle
1182:West Indies
1170:French army
1159:Montpellier
1155:Montpellier
1139:Montpellier
680:Transformer
510:Capacitance
435:Faraday law
230:Coulomb law
172:Electricity
96:Nationality
39:(1894 copy)
5715:Categories
5424:Cordeliers
5338:Talleyrand
5263:Louis XVII
5125:HĂ©bertists
4879:Jean Debry
4709:Feuillants
4338:Opposition
4234:Michel Ney
3656:(Dec 1796)
3264:Thionville
3167:(Dec 1797)
3140:(May 1796)
3132:5 Oct 1795
3109:Directoire
2989:(painting)
2892:(Sep 1792)
2876:(Jun 1792)
2709:Great Fear
2648:(Jan 1789)
2539:Revolution
2305:Fahrenheit
2106:James Watt
1795:2021-01-20
1491:References
1379:Coulomb's
1261:Revolution
1178:Martinique
1174:lieutenant
747:Scientists
595:Waveguides
575:Resistance
545:Inductance
325:AmpĂšre law
51:1736-06-14
5258:Louis XVI
5253:Charles X
4904:The Plain
4815:Girondins
4755:Lafayette
4416:(Walloon)
4398:PĂĄl Kray
4374:(Walloon)
3916:(1800â02)
3767:Quasi-War
3226:Consulate
3112:(1795â99)
2567:Consulate
2560:Directory
2292:customary
2046:Georg Ohm
1960:becquerel
1785:0022-2305
1504:"Coulomb"
1441:tribology
1399:distance.
1230:Cherbourg
1209:Ăle-d'Aix
1201:Rochefort
1180:, in the
1165:in 1760.
1127:Angoumois
1123:AngoulĂȘme
1084:eponymous
1080:physicist
903:Steinmetz
833:Kirchhoff
818:Jefimenko
813:Hopkinson
798:Helmholtz
793:Heaviside
655:Permeance
540:Impedance
280:Insulator
275:Gauss law
225:Conductor
202:Phenomena
197:Textbooks
177:Magnetism
63:Angoumois
59:AngoulĂȘme
5618:Panthéon
5606:Muscadin
5601:Marianne
5540:Voltaire
5419:Jacobins
5412:Factions
4952:Mirabeau
4408:(French)
3302:Jemappes
3286:Dauphiné
2769:Nobility
2581:Journals
2574:Glossary
2553:Republic
2525:Timeline
2426:roentgen
2303:(degree
2286:Imperial
2145:angstrom
1968:(degree
1826:LibriVox
1789:Archived
1730:Friction
1507:Archived
1474:See also
1467:MĂ©moires
1453:friction
1351:Research
1193:Bouchain
1129:county,
1096:friction
1076:engineer
928:Wiechert
883:Poynting
773:Einstein
620:DC motor
615:AC motor
450:Lenz law
235:Electret
5500:Diderot
5246:Figures
5131:Enragés
4837:Father
4548:Prussia
4480:Britain
4429:(Saxon)
4387:(Swiss)
4354:Austria
2436:thomson
2386:faraday
2245:oersted
2235:maxwell
2225:langley
2215:lambert
2195:gilbert
2134:) units
2080:sievert
2070:siemens
1980:coulomb
1970:Celsius
1815:at the
1570::
1538:coulomb
1111:coulomb
1103:SI unit
1072:officer
1063:French:
913:Thomson
888:Ritchie
878:Poisson
863:Neumann
858:Maxwell
853:Lorentz
848:Liénard
778:Faraday
763:Coulomb
590:Voltage
565:Ohm law
187:History
5239:Others
4578:Russia
4012:France
3677:(1797)
3547:(1796)
3282:Vendée
3259:Verdun
3086:1795â6
3029:Danton
2588:Museum
2518:Causes
2376:dalton
2265:stokes
2205:kayser
2165:eotvos
2060:pascal
2040:newton
1939:kelvin
1929:ampere
1845:(1884)
1839:(1821)
1783:
1564:
1469:, 1884
1434:fluids
1224:, the
1131:France
1109:, the
1078:, and
898:Singer
893:Savart
873:Ărsted
838:Larmor
828:Kelvin
783:Fizeau
753:AmpĂšre
675:Stator
182:Optics
99:French
89:France
67:France
5696:Films
4613:Spain
4246:]
3314:]
3307:Namur
3292:Lille
3269:Valmy
2406:neper
2396:Mache
2366:curie
2356:curie
2294:units
2255:poise
2185:gauss
2155:debye
2120:weber
2090:tesla
2030:joule
2020:hertz
2010:henry
1990:farad
1269:Blois
1253:Tenon
1249:Paris
1151:Paris
1143:Paris
923:Weber
918:Volta
908:Tesla
823:Joule
808:Hertz
803:Henry
788:Gauss
670:Rotor
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5128:and
4712:and
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3926:1801
3881:1800
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3735:1798
3666:1797
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3427:1794
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2100:volt
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