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With complexation bright as the rays of the moon you had the radiated knowledge like another moon. You are worshiped by eminent beings; you are the Lord of learned ascetic; and had conquered all your karmas and internal passion. I bow to you, O Lord
Chandraprabha, the processor of moonlike
1217:
in 4th century CE. Chandraprabha has been popular amongst Jain everywhere in India. The iconography of
Chandraprabha is particularly popular in Eastern India in Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. Sculptures of Chandraprabha were also popular in
1550:. The yoga pose is very common in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. Each tradition has had a distinctive auspicious chest mark that allows devotees to identify a meditating statue to symbolic icon for their theology. There are several
1377:(pilgrimage site). The mulnayak is a 3 metres (9.8 ft) rock cut image of Chandraprabhu dating back to the 5th to 6th century. There are a total of 103 temples with 77 on hill and 26 in village.
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1387:(Jain Kashi), built in 1430 CE, is considered an architectural wonder and is one of the most important Jain centers in Karnataka.
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Some texts refer to the place as Mount
Sammeta. This place is revered in Jainism because 20 out of 24 Jinas died here.
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831:, his birth-date was the twelfth day of the Posh Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He is said to have become a
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1189:
Chandraprabha is usually depicted in a lotus or kayotsarga posture, with a crescent moon symbol beneath him; each
823:). According to traditional accounts, he was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi at Chandrapuri to the
556:
2119:
The
Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat, More Especially of the Districts Included in the Baroda State
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1438:
1333:
2194:, The Sacred Books of the East Series, vol. XXII, Motilal Banarsidass (Original: Oxford University Press)
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2469:
2109:
1363:
Various Jain temple complexes across India feature him, and these are important pilgrimage sites in
Jainism.
1150:
Chandraprabha is associated with crescent moon emblem, Naga tree, Vijya or Śyāma (Dig.) & Vijya (Svet.)
979:
He decided to renounced his worldly life, soon after his ascension to throne and after 3 months he obtained
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found in ancient and medieval Jain art works, and these are not found on
Buddhist or Hindu art works.
1119:
976:). During his rule, Chandraprabhu was apathetic towards the ordinary delights and princely grandeur.
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887:. Mahasena named Tirthankar Chandraprabha because of his complexion was white as moon. According to
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has a distinct emblem, which allows worshippers to distinguish similar idols. Like all
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named him
Chandraprabha because at his birth the earth and night-lotus were blossomed.
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50:
Idol of
Tirthankar Chandraprabha at a Jain Temple in Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, India
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Emerging Trends in Indian
Tourism and Hospitality: Transformation and Innovation
2202:
Acarya
Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara
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2244:, A history of Indian literature: Classical Sanskrit literature, vol. 1,
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Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
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After a many years of spreading his knowledge, he is said to have attained
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Candraprabhacaritra (Book 3.6 of the Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra)
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1657:"4 Jain Tirthankaras born in Varanasi | Varanasi News – Times of India"
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832:
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486:
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2634:"Manuscript Collections of the Western and Central Indian Bhaṭṭārakas"
205:
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is an adoration to Chandraprabha. Chandraprabha is mentioned in the
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houses a 21 feet (6.4 m) monolithic statue of Chandraprabha.
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2138:
Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History
2123:
1611:
1325:
1306:
1206:
The earliest known sculpture of Chandraprabha was installed by
1159:
1151:
1067:
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is a collection of hymn dedicated to Chandraprabha along with
3739:
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3185:
3001:
2565:
2339:
1855:
868:
127:
3049:
2023:
1927:
859:). He was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi at
2732:"India's Jain Temples Are Incredible Architectural Marvels"
1999:
1572:
2521:
Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-Violence
2035:
1939:
1975:
2122:. Archaeological survey of western India. Vol. 9.
1879:
1867:
1788:
1764:
1728:
1716:
1324:
15.25 feet (4.65 m) statue at Chandragiri Vatika,
2338:. Lala Sunder Lal Jain research series. Vol. 24.
2241:
A History of Classical Poetry: Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit
2011:
1000:
on the seventh day of the bright half of the month of
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906:
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941:
904:
1903:
1704:
1963:
1951:
1891:
2442:Shukla, U. N.; Kulshreshtha, Sharad Kumar (2019),
2441:
2335:Jainism: History, Society, Philosophy and Practice
2084:Butalia, Tarunjit Singh; Small, Dianne P. (2004).
1987:
1921:
1776:
1752:
1689:
1674:
1623:
1599:
1584:
1405:Important Chandraprabha temple complexes include:
956:
919:
835:, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its
4227:
2087:Religion in Ohio: Profiles of Faith Communities
2654:
2108:
2041:
1933:
816:
804:
3033:
2780:
2706:
2554:
2468:. Planet Earth & Cultural Understanding.
2303:
2158:
2029:
1861:
1830:
1617:
1578:
769:
2655:Krishnamachari, Suganthy (12 October 2017).
2083:
2005:
1111:, Mahavira, Parshvanatha and Rishabhanatha.
2684:
1885:
1546:A special symbol that marks the chest of a
1367:, also known as Laghu Sammed Shikhar is a
3040:
3026:
2787:
2773:
2517:
2188:Jacobi, Hermann (1964), Max Muller (ed.),
1981:
1945:
1770:
1373:, is considered one of the most important
776:
762:
44:
2062:
1794:
2561:Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation
2497:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
2465:Banaras: Making of India's Heritage City
2313:. Vol. One: A-B (Second ed.).
2234:
1734:
1351:
3047:
2729:
2392:
2331:
2219:
2017:
1897:
1806:
1359:also known as "The 1000 Pillars Temple"
4228:
2657:"On how Kongu Nadu was a Jain bastion"
2631:
2586:
2486:
2289:(1 ed.). Goodearth Publications.
2187:
1909:
1818:
1782:
1710:
875:clan. Nine months before the birth of
3021:
2768:
2685:Krishnaraja, Renuka (31 March 2021).
2542:
2461:
2424:Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography
2282:
2261:
1969:
1957:
1654:
1605:
1593:
2417:
2360:
2198:
2134:
1993:
1873:
1852:, Victoria and Albert Museum, London
1758:
1746:
1722:
1698:
1683:
1642:
1468:Chandraprabhu temple, Jaisalmer Fort
1272:The famous idol of Chandraprabhu at
983:(omniscience) while mediating under
2550:. Dharwad: University of Karnataka.
1071:of the Chandraprabha disciples and
13:
2794:
2760:Harvard Pluralism Project: Jainism
2518:Titze, Kurt; Bruhn, Klaus (1998).
2069:(26 ed.). Allied Publishers.
1280:
847:Chandraprabha was the eighth Jain
14:
4257:
2753:
2730:Binayak, Pooja (19 August 2020).
2687:"The serene hills of Mandaragiri"
842:
4210:
3048:
2712:"District census handbook Erode"
2393:Sangave, Vilas Adinath (2006) .
2367:Vasundhara - Odyssey of a Dancer
2307:; Baumann, Martin, eds. (2010).
1843:Jainism: Jinas and Other Deities
1488:
1474:
1460:
1445:
1435:Chandranatha basadi Dharmasthala
1332:
1317:
1294:
1265:
1250:
1235:
1165:
1123:is the adoration of twenty-four
743:
204:
2166:Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities
1836:
1655:Singh, Binay (25 August 2015).
1540:
1531:
1383:(Thousand Pillared Temple ) in
1347:
1339:15 feet (4.6 m) statue at
1301:21 feet (6.4 m) statue at
957:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}
920:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}
4146:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
1922:Shukla & Kulshreshtha 2019
1648:
1439:Chandraprabha temple, Pavagadh
1184:
1:
2470:Cambridge Scholars Publishing
1561:
1392:
1158:(Dig.) & Bhṛkuṭi (Svet.)
935:) and ruled His kingdom for 6
2487:Tandon, Om Prakash (2002) .
7:
3231:
1566:
1519:Jainism and non-creationism
1502:
805:
585:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
361:Aparigraha (non-possession)
10:
4262:
2448:, Copal Publishing Group,
2268:. Goodearth Publications.
2220:Johnson, Helen M. (1931).
2159:Coulter, Charles Russell;
2063:Agnihotri, V. K. (2010) .
2050:
1934:Burgess & Cousens 1903
1453:Vijayamangalam Jain temple
1389:Vijayamangalam Jain temple
1091:
571:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
550:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
15:
4207:
4159:
4123:
4006:
3945:
3909:
3839:
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3702:
3626:
3590:
3540:
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3382:
3328:
3273:
3264:
3088:
3060:
2960:
2819:
2802:
2639:SOAS University of London
2495:: Publications Division,
2396:Aspects of Jaina religion
2332:Panikar, Agustin (2010).
2286:Temples of Madhya Pradesh
2228:Baroda Oriental Institute
2191:Jain Sūtras (Translation)
1862:Melton & Baumann 2010
1579:Coulter & Turner 2013
1133:Tīrthankara Chandraprabha
1086:
792:
162:
150:
138:
133:
123:
111:
103:
93:
83:
73:
63:
55:
43:
33:
28:
2427:. Abhinav Publications.
2055:
2006:Butalia & Small 2004
1524:
1197:, he is depicted with a
1145:Svayambhūstotra (8-1-36)
883:dreamt the sixteen most
725:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
578:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
368:Anuvratas (further vows)
16:Not to be confused with
4110:Jain terms and concepts
3730:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
2419:Shah, Umakant Premanand
2199:Jain, Vijay K. (2015).
2143:Oxford University Press
334:Mahavratas (major vows)
115:1,000,000 purva (70.56
2632:Detige, Tillo (2017).
2624:
2608:& Kegan Paul Ltd.
2556:von Glasenapp, Helmuth
2489:Jaina Shrines in India
2135:Cort, John E. (2010),
1982:Titze & Bruhn 1998
1946:Titze & Bruhn 1998
1771:Titze & Bruhn 1998
1419:Kumbakonam Jain Temple
1398:by King Konguvelir of
1381:Saavira Kambada Basadi
1360:
1357:Saavira Kambada Basadi
1259:Saavira Kambada Basadi
1224:Khajuraho Jain temples
1171:Chandraprabha-charitra
1148:
958:
921:
817:
632:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
543:Samayasāra (Digambara)
356:Brahmacarya (chastity)
4141:List of Jain ascetics
3946:Dynasties and empires
3735:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
2597:Philosophies Of India
2548:Compendium of Jainism
2283:Mitra, Swati (2012).
2262:Mitra, Swati (2009).
2092:Ohio University Press
1411:Jainimedu Jain temple
1355:
1244:Jain temple, Lakkundi
1220:Jain temples, Deogarh
1137:
1120:Acharya Samantabhadra
959:
922:
898:Chandraprabha spent 2
351:Asteya (non-stealing)
341:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
107:150 bows (450 meters)
4136:List of Jain temples
2975:Bharata Chakravartin
2462:Singh, Rana (2009).
2265:Orchha, Travel Guide
939:
902:
853:of the present age (
815:in the present age (
510:Schools and Branches
23:8th Jain Tirthankara
4217:Religion portal
4151:Topics List (index)
3442:Mahamastakabhisheka
2570:Motilal Banarsidass
2526:Motilal Banarsidass
2501:Government of India
2344:Motilal Banarsidass
2246:Harrassowitz Verlag
2236:Lienhard, Siegfried
2205:. Vikalp Printers.
2042:Krishnamachari 2017
1876:, pp. 142–145.
1848:26 May 2017 at the
1833:, pp. 426–428.
1725:, pp. 130–133.
1620:, pp. 300–301.
1482:Sonagiri Jain Tirth
1203:and downcast eyes.
1179:Buddhist scriptures
1131:) are dedicated to
1127:. Its five slokas (
1019:of Shantinatha are
750:Religion portal
440:The 24 Tirthankaras
4115:Sexual differences
2985:Indrabhuti Gautama
2572:(Reprinted 1999).
2401:Bharatiya Jnanpith
2030:Home Ministry 2011
1831:von Glasenapp 1925
1661:The Times of India
1618:von Glasenapp 1925
1496:Tijara Jain temple
1407:Tijara Jain temple
1361:
954:
952:
917:
915:
867:on 12th day month
557:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
4223:
4222:
3905:
3904:
3684:Hampa Nagarajaiah
3577:Auspicious dreams
3505:Bhaktamara Stotra
3378:
3377:
3015:
3014:
2615:978-81-208-0739-6
2579:978-81-208-1376-2
2434:978-81-7017-208-6
2410:978-81-263-1273-3
2385:978-1-64587-531-4
2353:978-81-208-3460-6
2324:978-1-59884-204-3
2305:Melton, J. Gordon
2255:978-1-84511-625-5
2152:978-0-19-538502-1
2101:978-0-8214-1551-1
2076:978-81-8424-568-4
1509:Arihant (Jainism)
1455:built in 678 C.E.
1431:Lunwa Jain temple
951:
914:
885:auspicious dreams
786:
785:
405:Micchami Dukkadam
400:Bhaktamara Stotra
329:Ethics of Jainism
181:
179:
178:
172:Lakṣmaṇā (mother)
169:Mahāsena (father)
4253:
4215:
4214:
4177:Monks & nuns
4074:Statue of Ahimsa
4031:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
3755:
3754:
3669:Champat Rai Jain
3512:Tattvartha Sutra
3271:
3270:
3234:
3052:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3019:
3018:
2846:Abhinandananatha
2813:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
2789:
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2592:Campbell, Joseph
2588:Zimmer, Heinrich
2583:
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2414:
2389:
2357:
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2300:
2279:
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2195:
2184:
2161:Turner, Patricia
2155:
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1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1886:Krishnaraja 2021
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1749:, p. 44-50.
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1687:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1582:
1576:
1555:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1492:
1478:
1464:
1449:
1397:
1394:
1336:
1321:
1303:Mandaragiri Hill
1298:
1269:
1254:
1239:
1146:
998:Sammed Shikharji
963:
961:
960:
955:
953:
944:
926:
924:
923:
918:
916:
907:
825:Ikshvaku dynasty
822:
810:
794:
778:
771:
764:
748:
747:
685:Shravanabelagola
592:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
564:Tattvartha Sutra
208:
185:
184:
180:
48:
26:
25:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4209:
4203:
4155:
4119:
4068:Panch Kalyanaka
4002:
3941:
3937:Non-creationism
3901:
3835:
3746:
3698:
3679:Jeffery D. Long
3674:Padmanabh Jaini
3659:Virchand Gandhi
3639:Colette Caillat
3622:
3586:
3536:
3463:
3374:
3324:
3260:
3147:Heavenly beings
3084:
3056:
3046:
3016:
3011:
2956:
2951:Simandhar Swami
2815:
2798:
2793:
2756:
2751:
2742:
2740:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2697:
2695:
2675:
2673:
2645:
2643:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2580:
2536:
2511:
2480:
2456:
2435:
2411:
2386:
2362:Paul, George S.
2354:
2325:
2297:
2276:
2256:
2213:
2181:
2153:
2102:
2077:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1864:, p. 1553.
1860:
1856:
1850:Wayback Machine
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
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1745:
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1733:
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1697:
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1682:
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1663:
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1649:
1641:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1465:
1456:
1450:
1396: 678 C.E.
1395:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1313:
1299:
1285:Guru mandir in
1283:
1281:Colossal statue
1276:
1270:
1261:
1255:
1246:
1240:
1208:Maharajadhiraja
1187:
1168:
1147:
1144:
1115:Svayambhūstotra
1094:
1089:
1059:were the chief
1053:Vaidarbha Svami
942:
940:
937:
936:
905:
903:
900:
899:
881:Lakshmana Devi
845:
827:. According to
782:
742:
735:
734:
700:
699:
690:
689:
657:
656:
647:
646:
622:
621:
612:
611:
537:
536:
534:Jain literature
525:
524:
507:
506:
497:
496:
435:
434:
425:
424:
415:Ṇamōkāra mantra
395:
394:
385:
384:
326:
325:
316:
315:
246:
245:
175:
158:
146:
51:
39:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4259:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4221:
4220:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3892:Southeast Asia
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:Organisations
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3694:Jinendra Varni
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3664:Hermann Jacobi
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3598:Digambara monk
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3532:Uttaradhyayana
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3500:Namokar Mantra
3494:
3489:
3487:Shatkhandagama
3484:
3482:Pravachanasara
3479:
3473:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3293:Kashtha Sangha
3290:
3288:Balatkara Gana
3279:
3277:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3132:Jain cosmology
3129:
3128:
3127:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3054:Jainism topics
3045:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:Shreyansanatha
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:Suparshvanatha
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:God in Jainism
2792:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2754:External links
2752:
2750:
2749:
2727:
2704:
2682:
2652:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2584:
2578:
2552:
2540:
2534:
2524:(2 ed.).
2515:
2509:
2491:(1 ed.).
2484:
2478:
2459:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2415:
2409:
2399:(5 ed.).
2390:
2384:
2358:
2352:
2329:
2323:
2301:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2259:
2254:
2232:
2217:
2211:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2156:
2151:
2132:
2114:Cousens, Henry
2110:Burgess, James
2106:
2100:
2081:
2075:
2066:Indian History
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2032:, p. 110.
2022:
2020:, p. 408.
2010:
2008:, p. 367.
1998:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1948:, p. 128.
1938:
1926:
1924:, p. 103.
1914:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1835:
1823:
1821:, p. 225.
1811:
1799:
1795:Agnihotri 2010
1787:
1775:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1737:, p. 137.
1727:
1715:
1713:, p. 275.
1703:
1701:, p. 190.
1688:
1686:, p. 189.
1673:
1647:
1645:, p. 142.
1622:
1610:
1598:
1583:
1581:, p. 277.
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1514:God in Jainism
1511:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1300:
1293:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1186:
1183:
1167:
1164:
1142:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1033:tradition and
950:
947:
913:
910:
844:
843:Jain biography
841:
799:is the eighth
784:
783:
781:
780:
773:
766:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:
737:
736:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
697:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
658:
654:
653:
652:
649:
648:
645:
644:
639:
634:
629:
623:
619:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
602:
599:Silappatikaram
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
553:
546:
538:
532:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
517:
508:
504:
503:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
457:
452:
447:
442:
436:
432:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
396:
392:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
377:
371:
370:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
337:
336:
327:
323:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
247:
241:
240:
239:
236:
235:
234:
233:
228:
223:
218:
210:
209:
201:
200:
194:
193:
177:
176:
174:
173:
170:
166:
164:
160:
159:
156:Sammed Shikhar
154:
152:
148:
147:
142:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
78:Suparshvanatha
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
49:
41:
40:
34:
31:
30:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4258:
4247:
4246:Solar dynasty
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Chandraprabha
4234:
4233:
4231:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:List of Jains
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4056:Jain calendar
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3897:United States
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3831:Uttar Pradesh
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:Nalini Balbir
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Vegetarianism
3410:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3008:
3007:Samudravijaya
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2990:Sudharmaswami
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:(other world)
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
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2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
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2899:
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2887:
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2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:Chandraprabha
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Sambhavanatha
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Rishabhanatha
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2785:
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2778:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2713:
2709:
2708:Home Ministry
2705:
2694:
2693:
2692:Deccan Herald
2688:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
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2617:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
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2593:
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2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2535:81-208-1534-3
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2510:81-230-1013-3
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2479:9781443815796
2475:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:9789383419760
2451:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2436:
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2426:
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2420:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2398:
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2391:
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2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2296:9789380262499
2292:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2275:9788187780915
2271:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2247:
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2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2212:9788190363976
2208:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2180:9781135963972
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1996:, p. 18.
1995:
1990:
1984:, p. 47.
1983:
1978:
1972:, p. 52.
1971:
1966:
1960:, p. 75.
1959:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1936:, p. 21.
1935:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1912:, p. 38.
1911:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1809:, p. 21.
1808:
1803:
1797:, p. 34.
1796:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1761:, p. 52.
1760:
1755:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1735:Lienhard 1984
1731:
1724:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1608:, p. 35.
1607:
1602:
1596:, p. 31.
1595:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1497:
1491:
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1477:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:Prabhas Patan
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1400:Velir dynasty
1391:was built in
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1370:Siddha-Kṣetra
1366:
1358:
1354:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1215:Gupta dynasty
1212:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:In literature
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1084:
1082:
1079:according to
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:According to
1046:
1044:
1041:according to
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:according to
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
987:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
948:
945:
934:
930:
911:
908:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:Chandraprabha
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:
852:
851:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
820:
814:
809:
808:
802:
798:
790:
789:Chandraprabha
779:
774:
772:
767:
765:
760:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
740:
739:
738:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
694:
693:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
651:
650:
643:
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638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
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624:
616:
615:
608:
607:
603:
601:
600:
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589:
587:
586:
582:
580:
579:
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572:
568:
566:
565:
561:
559:
558:
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552:
551:
547:
545:
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529:
528:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
501:
500:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
482:Samantabhadra
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
433:Major figures
429:
428:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:Navkar Mantra
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
389:
388:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
369:
366:
365:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
346:Satya (truth)
344:
342:
339:
338:
335:
332:
331:
330:
320:
319:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
244:
238:
237:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
207:
203:
202:
199:
196:
195:
191:
187:
186:
183:
171:
168:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
129:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
98:Crescent Moon
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:Chanda Prabhu
58:
54:
47:
42:
38:
32:
29:Chandraprabha
27:
19:
4241:Tirthankaras
4072:
4051:Samavasarana
4041:Śalākāpuruṣa
3649:John E. Cort
3560:Ashtamangala
3555:Siddhachakra
3492:Kasayapahuda
3459:Pratikramana
3367:Sthānakavāsī
3125:Anekāntavāda
3121:Jaina logic
3115:Kevala Jñāna
3110:Epistemology
2961:
2941:Parshvanatha
2876:Shitalanatha
2865:
2820:
2741:. Retrieved
2735:
2719:. Retrieved
2696:. Retrieved
2690:
2674:. Retrieved
2660:
2646:21 September
2644:. Retrieved
2637:
2596:
2560:
2547:
2544:Tukol, T. K.
2520:
2488:
2464:
2444:
2423:
2395:
2376:Notion Press
2366:
2334:
2309:
2285:
2264:
2240:
2222:
2201:
2190:
2165:
2137:
2118:
2086:
2065:
2037:
2025:
2018:Panikar 2010
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1898:Binayak 2020
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1807:Sangave 2006
1802:
1790:
1778:
1773:, p. 5.
1766:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1613:
1601:
1574:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1533:
1404:
1379:
1368:
1362:
1348:Main temples
1284:
1205:
1198:
1195:tirthankaras
1194:
1190:
1188:
1173:composed by
1170:
1169:
1149:
1138:
1132:
1125:Tīrthankaras
1124:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1097:Jinastotrāņi
1096:
1095:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1001:
991:
984:
981:Kevala Jnana
978:
973:
969:
965:
932:
928:
897:
889:Uttarapurana
880:
876:
854:
848:
846:
797:Chandranatha
796:
793:Lord of Moon
788:
787:
720:Jain symbols
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
562:
555:
548:
541:
459:
420:Jai Jinendra
393:Jain prayers
367:
333:
281:Kevala Jnana
251:Anekantavada
182:
64:Venerated in
18:Candraprabha
3993:Rashtrakuta
3910:Jainism and
3809:Maharashtra
3767:Bundelkhand
3654:Paul Dundas
3527:Kalpa Sūtra
3522:Aptamimamsa
3407:Monasticism
3338:Murtipujaka
3320:Kanji Panth
3300:Taran Panth
3283:Mula Sangha
3137:Siddhashila
3070:Tirthankara
2926:Munisuvrata
2911:Kunthunatha
2906:Shantinatha
2901:Dharmanatha
2896:Anantanatha
2891:Vimalanatha
2871:Pushpadanta
2856:Padmaprabha
2851:Sumatinatha
2822:Tirthankara
2743:10 December
2698:10 December
2642:(12): 36–39
2128:B. Quaritch
1910:Detige 2017
1819:Zimmer 1953
1783:Tandon 2002
1711:Jacobi 1964
1666:3 September
1548:Tirthankara
1423:Mandaragiri
1415:Chandravati
1375:Jain Tirtha
1287:Mandaragiri
1191:tīrthankara
1185:Iconography
1156:Jwalamalini
1109:Shantinatha
1101:Munisuvrata
1045:tradition.
1026:Jvālāmālinī
933:kumāra kāla
861:Chandrapuri
850:Tīrthankara
807:Tīrthaṅkara
801:Tirthankara
730:Topics list
655:Pilgrimages
606:Valayapathi
505:Major sects
492:Yashovijaya
296:Brahmacarya
144:Chandrapuri
117:Quintillion
88:Pushpadanta
74:Predecessor
56:Other names
37:Tirthankara
4230:Categories
4172:Literature
4061:Samvatsari
3826:Tamil Nadu
3751:Jainism in
3570:Nandavarta
3517:Samayasāra
3469:Literature
3437:Kshamavani
3432:Paryushana
3395:Meditation
3390:Sallekhana
3330:Śvetāmbara
3251:Ratnatraya
3171:Gunasthana
3090:Philosophy
2997:Jambuswami
2921:Mallinatha
2836:Ajitanatha
2676:25 January
1970:Mitra 2012
1958:Mitra 2009
1606:Singh 2009
1594:Tukol 1980
1562:References
1385:Moodabidri
1175:Haribhadra
1140:splendour.
1081:Śvētāmbara
1043:Śvētāmbara
974:rājya kāla
931:as youth (
856:avasarpini
829:Jain texts
819:Avasarpini
791:(English:
642:Samvatsari
637:Paryushana
520:Śvetāmbara
487:Haribhadra
477:Siddhasena
472:Kundakunda
380:Sallekhana
306:Gunasthana
301:Aparigraha
243:Philosophy
4090:Sculpture
4026:Ekendriya
3887:Singapore
3872:Hong Kong
3852:Australia
3821:Rajasthan
3792:Karnataka
3704:Community
3689:Bal Patil
3644:Chandabai
3613:Pattavali
3565:Shrivatsa
3550:Jain flag
3427:Festivals
3383:Practices
3371:Terapanth
3358:Tristutik
3348:Kharatara
3310:Terapanth
3305:Bispanthi
3275:Digambara
3098:Five Vows
3075:Ganadhara
2980:Ganadhara
2936:Neminatha
2931:Naminatha
2886:Vasupujya
2671:0971-751X
2662:The Hindu
2606:Routledge
2590:(1953) .
2493:New Delhi
2171:Routledge
1994:Paul 2019
1874:Shah 1987
1759:Jain 2015
1747:Jain 2015
1723:Cort 2010
1699:Jain 2015
1684:Jain 2015
1643:Shah 1987
1311:Karnataka
1211:Ramagupta
1200:Shrivatsa
1129:aphorisms
1105:Neminatha
1062:Ganadhara
1050:Digambara
1031:Digambara
986:Naga tree
715:Jain flag
705:Ekendriya
680:Shikharji
620:Festivals
515:Digambara
467:Ganadhara
256:Cosmology
134:Genealogy
84:Successor
35:8th Jain
4182:Scholars
4160:Navboxes
4019:Timeline
3968:Ikshvaku
3953:Chalukya
3922:Hinduism
3917:Buddhism
3882:Pakistan
3840:Overseas
3627:Scholars
3608:Kshullak
3591:Ascetics
3582:Swastika
3400:Sāmāyika
3315:Yapaniya
3266:Branches
2970:Bahubali
2946:Mahavira
2916:Aranatha
2811: ;
2807: ;
2717:. Census
2710:(2011).
2558:(1925).
2546:(1980).
2421:(1987).
2364:(2019).
2315:ABC-CLIO
2238:(1984),
2163:(2013).
2116:(1903).
1846:Archived
1567:Citation
1552:srivasta
1503:See also
1365:Sonagiri
1341:Sonagiri
1257:Idol at
1242:Idol at
1228:Sonagiri
1143:—
970:pūrvāṇga
879:, Queen
873:Ikshvaku
865:Varanasi
670:Palitana
455:Mahavira
445:Rishabha
375:Sāmāyika
226:Timeline
190:a series
188:Part of
4192:America
4187:Temples
4036:Pratima
4014:History
4007:Related
3998:Santara
3978:Kalinga
3973:Kadamba
3963:Hoysala
3932:Sikhism
3857:Belgium
3787:Haryana
3782:Gujarat
3712:Śrāvaka
3618:Acharya
3542:Symbols
3496:Mantra
3449:Upadhan
3422:Rituals
3417:Fasting
3256:Kashaya
3246:Saṃsāra
3225:Nirjara
3220:Samvara
3191:Pudgala
3080:Arihant
2962:Samanya
2805:Arihant
2737:Fodor's
2721:7 April
2594:(ed.).
2372:Chennai
2051:Sources
1092:Worship
1039:Bhṛkuṭi
1002:faalgun
994:nirvana
968:and 24
871:in the
813:Jainism
710:Temples
461:Arihant
311:Saṃsāra
221:History
198:Jainism
163:Parents
68:Jainism
4197:Bengal
4105:Nigoda
4080:Temple
4046:Tirtha
3988:Pandya
3983:Maurya
3867:Europe
3862:Canada
3847:Africa
3814:Mumbai
3804:Kerala
3603:Aryika
3343:Gaccha
3215:Bandha
3210:Asrava
3205:Tattva
3196:Dharma
3176:Dravya
3164:Causes
3142:Naraka
3103:Ahimsa
2809:Siddha
2669:
2612:
2602:London
2576:
2532:
2507:
2476:
2452:
2431:
2407:
2382:
2350:
2321:
2293:
2272:
2252:
2209:
2177:
2149:
2124:Bombay
2098:
2073:
1437:, and
1326:Tijara
1307:Tumkur
1274:Tijara
1160:Yakshi
1152:Yaksha
1087:Legacy
1077:Vāruṇī
1068:Aryika
1057:Varuṉā
1035:Vijaya
1016:yakshi
1010:yaksha
833:siddha
675:Girnar
627:Diwali
450:Pārśva
324:Ethics
291:Tattva
286:Dravya
271:Dharma
261:Ahimsa
119:years)
104:Height
94:Symbol
4124:Lists
4085:Stupa
3958:Ganga
3927:Islam
3877:Japan
3797:North
3772:Delhi
3759:India
3740:JAINA
3722:Tamil
3717:Sarak
3477:Agama
3454:Tapas
3241:Death
3232:Mokṣa
3186:Ajiva
3159:Types
3154:Karma
3002:Nabhi
2715:(PDF)
2566:Delhi
2340:Delhi
2056:Books
1525:Notes
1073:Dinna
1021:Śyāma
966:pūrva
964:lakh
929:pūrva
927:lakh
893:Indra
869:Pausa
837:karma
795:) or
698:Other
660:Tirth
276:Mokṣa
266:Karma
231:Index
216:Jains
128:White
124:Color
4167:Gods
3353:Tapa
3181:Jīva
3062:Gods
2745:2022
2723:2022
2700:2022
2678:2021
2667:ISSN
2648:2022
2610:ISBN
2574:ISBN
2530:ISBN
2505:ISBN
2474:ISBN
2450:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2405:ISBN
2380:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2207:ISBN
2175:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2096:ISBN
2071:ISBN
1668:2022
1226:and
1154:and
1075:and
1065:and
1055:and
1037:and
1023:and
1013:and
1007:The
151:Died
139:Born
4100:Law
4095:Art
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