1149:, chancellors are ceremonial heads of public universities (mostly traditional monarchs), appointed by the head of state (president), governor of a state (in the case of state-owned universities) or assumed by the owner of a private university. The day-to-day running of universities is the responsibility of the vice-chancellors. There are also pro-chancellors who are government appointees that head the universities' governing councils. The university governing council is the highest administrative organ of a Nigerian public universities. They approve projects, contracts, recruitments, promotions and are regarded as employer of university workers. They also appoint the principal officers of the university including the vice chancellor. They exercise all these functions on behalf of the "visitor." The visitor is the president of the federation (for federal universities) and state governors for state-owned universities.
180:
the pro-chancellor in some universities). The chancellor and deputy chancellor are frequently drawn from the senior ranks of business or the judiciary (it is one of the few jobs considered compatible with judicial service). Some universities have a visitor who is senior to the chancellor. University disputes can be appealed from the governing board to the visitor (as is still the case in the UK), but nowadays, such appeals are generally prohibited by legislation, and the position has only ceremonial functions (unlike the chancellor and deputy chancellor, who frequently preside at functions such as graduations, the visitor rarely attends university functions). The vice-chancellor usually serves as the chief executive of the university.
368:
or a president (Präsident), whose precise role may vary among universities. Traditionally, the chancellor had the role to represent the local king or later the government in the university and to make sure that the university is compliant with government laws and policies. After universities gained more autonomy in the 20th century, they also got more freedom in choosing the chancellor by themselves. However, still today the chancellor is not an administrator who is entirely subordinate to the president but an office holder who oversees a host of responsibilities assigned to him or her directly by higher education law. This can give the chancellor a considerable veto power in the university leadership.
535:
1129:, chancellors are titular heads of public universities, either appointed by the head of state (president) directly, or, in newly introduced legislation, at the recommendation of senate and alumni of the university. The day-to-day running of universities is the responsibility of the vice-chancellors. "Rector" and "president" are not commonly used terms in university administration. The vice-chancellor is assisted by a number of high ranking University officials known as Deputy Vice-chancellor, popularly referred to as DVC. The DVC's head specific departments of the university such as Finance and Administration, etc.
793:
presentations of awards and honors, while also reporting to the board of trustees and personally handling certain high-level executive functions: external relations (especially public relations and fundraising) and long-range planning and strategy (especially the creation and termination of university degrees, programs, and policies). Most other decisions are delegated to their second in command, especially operational day-to-day decisions. The provost often has the final say on resource allocation decisions, difficult
32:
978:
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266:) remains the de facto administrative leader and chief executive official, the role of the chancellor is more of a social, political and even historical nature. However some administrative duties still belong to the chancellor's jurisdiction despite their often arguably ceremonial nature. Examples of these include the appointment of new
679:. This scenario, while not always exactly duplicated, is typical in other Catholic universities due to the Catholic hierarchy. In some schools run by Catholic religious orders, the rector of the community supersedes the president when the latter is a member of that religious order. In some universities, such as
166:. In the United States, the head of a university is most commonly a university president. In U.S. university systems that have more than one affiliated university or campus, the executive head of a specific campus may have the title of chancellor and report to the overall system's president, or vice versa.
1273:
In the United States, a vice chancellor (typically spelled without a hyphen) is an assistant to a chancellor, who is generally the (actual, not merely ceremonial) head of one campus of a large university which has several campuses. The head of the entire university is the president (the equivalent of
993:
and vice-chancellor" (as do a few
Canadian universities such as Queen's and McGill). In the Scottish practice, the one individual may have two sets of official robes, reflecting a continuing division of responsibilities between the two posts. The vice-chancellor's robes, therefore, should not be worn
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or deputy vice-chancellor; these were traditionally academics who were elected to take on additional responsibilities in addition to their regular teaching and research for a limited time, but are now increasingly commonly full-time appointments. In some universities (e.g. in
Australian universities:
481:
In Nepal, universities have a chancellor as ceremonial head. The de facto head of the university is the vice-chancellor. The chancellor is primarily responsible for attending the convocation programmes and accepting the resignation and appointment letter of a new vice-chancellor. Generally, the prime
408:
In India, almost all universities have a chancellor as their titular head whose function is largely ceremonial. The governor of the state, appointed as the union's representative of state by the president, is the honorary chancellor of all State owned universities. The de facto head of any government
367:
Similarly, in
Germany the chancellor (Kanzler) is the head of the administration, and regularly is recruited not from a scholarly but from an administrative background. The chancellor is a member of the governing body of the university (Hochschulleitung), which is directed by either a rector (Rektor)
503:
designates the head of its university as the chancellor. For the
University of the Philippines, the entire system is headed by a president, while the eight constituent universities under the system is each headed by a chancellor. The chancellor designates the different vice-chancellors for different
207:
under the
Private Universities Act 1992. The position in public universities is not fixed for the president under any acts or laws (since the erection of a state university in Bangladesh requires an act to be passed in itself), but it has been the custom so far to name the incumbent president of the
179:
In both
Australia and New Zealand, a chancellor is the chairperson of a university's governing body; thus, as well as having ceremonial duties, the chancellor participates in the governance of the university (but not its active management). The chancellor is assisted by a deputy chancellor (known as
968:
The executive head of an
Australian university is the vice-chancellor, who serves as the university equivalent of a chief executive officer. The vice-chancellor is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the university and reports directly to the University Council, which the chancellor heads.
508:
and other colleges institutions have chancellors. Its chancellor is the incumbent Master of the Order of
Preachers (Dominicans); meanwhile, the vice chancellor is the prior provincial of the Dominican Province of the Philippines. Their roles are largely ceremonial. The University of Santo Tomas is
753:
In a number of
British universities, the title of president is used alongside that of vice-chancellor for the chief executive officer, as either "president and vice-chancellor" or "vice-chancellor and president". Historically, the title of president was used for the ceremonial heads of constituent
363:
In Poland, the chancellor (kanclerz) is the head of many universities' administration and the leader of the non-academic staff while the rector is the academic head. The main academic bodies of the university consists of: rektor (the head of the university), prorector (deputy rektor), dziekan (the
792:
In the United States, the executive and ceremonial roles are not split, which means that a university president assumes an enormous burden in terms of the sheer breadth of their duties and responsibilities. The president is expected to preside over all major ceremonies, including graduations and
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in overseeing its academic, financial and other affairs. The
Central Seminary under the University of Santo Tomas also has an appointed Chancellor who acts as the executive secretary of the rector and the guardian of the archives of the seminary. Sem. Gerard Louiez P. Mapalo I is currently the
807:
There are two well-known problems with the American tradition of concentrating so much power and responsibility in a single person. First, American universities are notoriously bad at training faculty members and administrators to assume such a heavy burden. Second, university presidents are
800:
University presidents typically ascend to the position from academic careers (i.e., after earning tenure and becoming professors and then deans), and it is highly unusual for a university to recruit a president who lacks a strong track record in academic research or university administration.
1067:
head of a university is the vice-chancellor, the highest paid official of the university. Next in command are more than one pro-vice-chancellor in charge of academic as well as administrative and financial affairs. In deemed universities and institutes of national importance, the head of the
412:
For private university unlike the chancellor who heads the conventional Indian 'state university', the private university is headed by a president or chairman of private organization and have other posts like vice-chancellors, deans of faculties, registrar and controller of examinations.
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In France, the president is the elected chair of the board and chief executive officer in universities. The president is always elected by the board among the professors of the university. The president serves a four-year term which is renewable once. The chancellor is a servant of the
525:
Other universities in the Philippines (such as state universities like Mindanao State University where each constituent campus is headed by chancellor) are mostly headed by their respective university presidents. Meanwhile, private (esp. Catholic) institutions are headed by a rector.
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may be headed by a chancellor who serves as systemwide chief, with presidents governing individual institutions. This is more commonly seen in university systems which were belatedly formed by grouping together already-extant colleges or universities in the 20th century, such as the
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Additional titles are sometimes used alongside vice-chancellor in England and Wales. Most of these involve the use of either "president and vice-chancellor" or "vice-chancellor and president", and have arisen in the 21st century, although the title of the chief executive of
1192:
As said earlier, the vice-chancellor or the "grand vice-chancellor of the University of Santo Tomas" is only the deputy to the chancellor of the university, but the chancellor is usually a prominent public figure who is not always in the country (e.g., the chancellor of
285:
when matters regarding the university are discussed. Despite their role as the chancellor of only one university, they are often regarded as the political representative of Finland's entire university institution when they exercise their rights in the Council of State.
568:
In the United Kingdom, a university Chancellorship is almost always a ceremonial position held by a prominent person; the Vice-Chancellor runs the administration and is the de facto university leader. In Scotland, day-to-day operations are typically handled by a
1408:
defines the principal as "the chief executive and accounting officer of a public higher education institution." The definition allows for the alternative nomenclatures of vice-chancellor and a rector, and these terms are in widespread use (the term
1282:
invert this arrangement so that the chancellor is the head of the entire university system, while a vice chancellor is an executive who directly reports to the chancellor and is responsible for a broad area of authority across the entire system.
304:
The number of chancellors in Finnish universities has declined over the years, and in the vast majority of Finnish universities the highest official is the rector. The remaining universities with chancellors are University of Helsinki and
1060:
In India, most central and state level universities have a titular head called chancellor who is either an eminent person appointed by the Government of India (in central universities) or provincial governor (in state universities). The
364:
head of the faculty), prodziekan (deputy dziekan), senat (the main council of the university). In universities with presidential constitution, the university's president holds both the functions of chancellor and rector.
409:
university is the vice-chancellor. In private non-profit universities, normally the head of the foundation who has established the university is the chancellor of the university and is the head of the university.
1274:
a Commonwealth vice-chancellor), the chancellor is in charge of one campus, and a vice chancellor is one of their direct reports responsible for a broad area of authority at one campus. Some systems, such as the
194:
upon his retirement from his long-held post of deputy chancellor in 2000. The position was not merely an honorary title, as it also retained for Lincoln a place in the University Council until his death in 2011.
1088:
is the titular chancellor of all universities in Bangladesh, public or private. The vice chancellor is the executive head, and his/her deputy, the pro-vice chancellor holds a full-time administrative office.
490:
In Pakistan, chancellor is normally the figurehead of the university, who is normally the provincial governor where that university exists. Day-to-day business of the university is run by the vice chancellor.
1297:
that own the university and is elected by the members of the board of trustees. The chancellor neither resides at the university nor holds administrative power; the office of chancellor is a ceremonial one.
1355:. The principal also holds the title of vice-chancellor, but their powers with regard to this position extend only to the awarding of degrees, as both the vice-chancellor and chancellor are titular posts.
812:
and either return to the faculty or flee academia for nonprofits or consulting. The average length of an American university president's term of office dropped from 8.5 years in 2006 to 5.9 years in 2023.
208:
country as chancellor of all state universities thus established. The day-to-day business of the university is run by the vice chancellor. The vice chancellor has a deputy called the pro-vice-chancellor.
453:
In Malaysia, the chancellor position is given to dignitaries such as royalty or prominent politicians by universities to represent the universities in the political arena. For example, the chancellor of
1022:" dates back to 1937 (and refers back to the use of "warden" as the title of the chief executive of the university from its foundation to 1909). Some examples of the use of "president" include the
1391:
1216:, the chancellor assigns different vice-chancellors to handle different aspects of running the university. There is one for instruction, administration, and community affairs, among others.
797:
decisions, whether to initiate recruiting of star faculty from other institutions, and whether to initiate defensive measures against such recruiting of the institution's own star faculty.
1635:
1101:
is the titular chancellor of most universities in Nepal, public or private. The vice chancellor is the executive head, and along with Registrar holds a full-time administrative office.
1002:
Almost all chief executives of institutions with university status in England, Wales and Northern Ireland use vice-chancellor as their title. The full titles of the vice-chancellors of
421:
In Ireland, the four universities all have a chancellor as their figurehead leader. However, the day-to-day operations of the universities are under the directorship of a president (a
1422:
1405:
1387:
659:
uses the term "chancellor" in the British sense, as a figurehead leader, but the actual executive of the school is the "president", not a "vice-chancellor." Some schools, such as
555:
2090:
151:(e.g. "president & vice-chancellor"). The chancellor may serve as chairperson of the governing body; if not, this duty is often held by a chairperson who may be known as a
254:), they are the leading official in the university. The duties of the chancellor are mainly to promote sciences and to look after the best interests of the university. As the
392:. Day-to-day operation is in the hands of either a vice-chancellor (older and established institutions) or a president (in newer institutions), depending on the institution.
143:
and former Commonwealth nations, the chancellor is usually a ceremonial non-resident head of the university. In such institutions, the chief executive of a university is the
785:
In most stand-alone universities and colleges in the United States, the chief executive officer is called the president, while the second-most senior officer is called the
931:
The role of the VC contrasts with that of the chancellor, who is usually a prominent public figure who acts as a ceremonial figurehead only (e.g., the chancellor of the
969:
Assisting the vice-chancellor, the roles of deputy vice-chancellors and pro vice-chancellors have emerged to better manage the administrative overhead of the position.
1290:, the vice chancellor is the administrative head of the university (as well as mayor of the town of Sewanee). The chancellor is a bishop of one of the 28 southeastern
1019:
217:
1573:
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Outside of university systems, presidents are the functional chief executive officers of most standalone U.S. universities. However, a few universities, such as
1209:
Provincial of the Philippine Dominican Province, Very Rev. Fr. Napoleon Sipalay, OP. The current rector of the university is Rev. Fr. Herminio V. Dagohoy, OP.
400:
In post-Soviet states and Turkey, the head of the university is called a "rector." Some universities in Russia and Ukraine also have figurehead "presidents."
1547:
924:, a Vice-Chancellor of a university also usually has the subsidiary titles of either President or Principal; the title is Vice-Chancellor and President at
683:, the chancellor is a high-ranking officer below the president and equal to or below the provost, who might have vice-chancellors reporting to her or him.
668:
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of the universities' executive acts and channels funding from the ministry. The rector has no executive function in any university but remains a member
893:
510:
1988:
1291:
1763:
1399:
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universities, used only in formal address, are "the Reverend the Vice-Chancellor" and "the Right Worshipful the Vice-Chancellor" respectively.
2098:
1279:
1201:, the current being Very Rev. Fr. Bruno Cadoré, OP, while the rector acts as the day-to-day chief executive). The current vice chancellor of
132:
is a leader of a college or university, usually either the executive or ceremonial head of the university or of a university campus within a
2018:
1499:
470:
2049:
1317:
A "director" is the chief executive officer of a university or other educational institution. Equivalent names in different countries are
2447:
2437:
1713:
1026:(in England), where the statutes define the title of the chief executive officer of the university as "President and Vice-Chancellor",
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1338:
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385:
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The average salary for college presidents in private, non-profit institutions in 2015 was $ 569,932, 9 percent higher than in 2014.
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96:
742:
433:'s constituent universities do not have a chancellor each; rather, the president of each constituent university has the title of
334:
301:. Historically the chancellor's duty was to function as the official representative of the monarch in the autonomous university.
68:
49:
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areas of concern of the university: academic affairs, finance, and community affairs, among others. Some more universities like
1525:
1738:
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being an honorific associated with this title, allowing the individual to bestow degrees in the absence of the chancellor. In
675:
serving as chancellor, a ceremonial position but one which does require the archbishop to represent the university before the
2129:
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who supervises regional educational districts. There is no hierarchical relation between the president and the chancellor.
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Provincial of the Philippine Dominican Province, the Dominican province that has majority control over the university.
714:"College president" and "President (education)" redirect here. For the head of house sometimes titled "President", see
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which began with a single flagship campus in the 18th or 19th century and gradually delegated operational authority to
82:
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1890:
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of a university, within university systems that prefer that appellation over other variations such as chancellor or
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1348:
1347:
or governing body of the university and will be chairman or president of the body of academics. In the case of the
1198:
936:
695:
656:
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used the term chancellor. While for IIUM, the Constitutional Head which has same degree as the chancellor is used.
20:
655:, have a chancellor as their chief executive officer. There are occasional other uses of the title "chancellor."
281:(the oldest and largest in Finland) has also the right to be present and to speak in the plenary meetings of the
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1914:
821:"Vice Chancellor" and "Vice-Chancellor" redirect here. For the Deputy to the Federal Chancellor of Germany, see
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The Chicago Guide to Your Academic Career: A Portable Mentor for Scholars from Graduate School Through Tenure
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minister is considered the chancellor, and in his absence, the minister of education acts as the chancellor.
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In many countries, the administrative and educational head of the university is known as the president,
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826:
822:
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utilises the same system as in the United States but also with a ceremonial chancellor as figurehead.
702:, which manages the city's public school system (the largest in the United States). The leader of the
2427:
1947:
1840:
1771:
1202:
1194:
1182:
505:
2213:
306:
2314:
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1157:
In Ireland, day-to-day operations of the universities are under the directorship of a president (a
1023:
939:), while the vice-chancellor is the chief executive. An assistant to a vice-chancellor is called a
652:
621:
522:
as its chancellor for its constituent units while a rector-president heads each constituent unit.
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in the presence of the chancellor but should only be worn when deputizing for the chancellor.
832:
A "vice-chancellor" (commonly called a "VC") serves as the chief executive of a university in
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The Gold and the Blue: A Personal Memoir of the University of California, 1949–1967, Volume 1
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989:(or equivalent) and vice-chancellor"; likewise, in Scotland, they hold the position of "
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In Sri Lanka, all the government universities are administered by the vice-chancellor.
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William Smyth, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford; painting by Gilbert Jackson
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In Malaysia, all the government universities are administered by the vice-chancellor.
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Lord Grenville as Chancellor of the University of Oxford; painting by William Owen
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universities). The exact name in a particular university will be defined by the
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In Sudan and South Sudan, universities are administered by the vice-chancellor.
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1425:. The same act defines the chancellor as the titular head of an institution.
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countries), chancellor (United States), principal (Scotland and Canada), and
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1989:"College Presidents Making $ 1 Million Rise With Tuition and Student Debt"
1528:. Ministry of Education, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
2019:"Here Are the Parts of Their Job for Which Presidents Want More Training"
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Leading Colleges and Universities: Lessons from Higher Education Leaders
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Leading Colleges and Universities: Lessons from Higher Education Leaders
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the day-to-day head of the university, as mandated by their duty as the
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in Sydney is a noteworthy anomaly as it once had the unique position of
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Canadian university vice-chancellors almost always carry the title of "
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List of Vice-Chancellors and Chancellors of the University of Pretoria
616:
during the 20th century, the titles are reversed. This is the case in
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Canadian universities have a titular chancellor similar to those in
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List of chancellors and vice-chancellors of British universities
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1958:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 245–252.
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is more common in English-medium universities, whilst the term
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Durham University Records: Central Administration and Officers
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Goldsmith, John A.; Komlos, John; Gold, Penny Schine (2001).
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1851:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 3–9.
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the office of the chancellor dates all the way back to the
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Richmond, The American International University in London
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of the board of every public university in his district.
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In Finland, if the university has a chancellor (Finnish:
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as a result of their Scottish origins. In addition, the
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The chief executives of some member institutions of the
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Category:Chancellors by university and college in Canada
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is the title of the highest-ranking officer within the
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serving as manager of a regional educational district (
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Study and Learning in the Australian University System
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List of longest serving higher education presidents
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347:to the university's graduates, oversees the
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2124:. Chrystobel Engineering. pp. 60–70.
1744:. Cardiff University. 2009. pp. 7, 34
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560:Ancient university governance in Scotland
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2239:"Meet our President and Vice-Chancellor"
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1603:. 24 June 2017 – via Google Books.
976:
541:
533:
2119:
2016:June, Audrey Williams (14 April 2023).
1703:
709:
458:, the oldest university in Malaysia is
2420:
1938:
1932:
1912:
1906:
1831:
1820:
972:
698:is the chief executive officer of the
2310:
2046:
2037:
1985:
1679:
1677:
1601:"The Oxford University Calendar 1817"
1370:in Canada have principals instead of
700:New York City Department of Education
681:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
520:Our Lady of Montserrat Abbey (Manila)
518:System has the prior or the abbot of
358:
2015:
2009:
1878:
1351:, the principal is president of the
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
2281:
2149:. Taylor & Francis. p. 33.
1768:Richmond American University London
1615:"Chancellor MIT Organization Chart"
1502:. Südasien-Institut. Archived from
1332:
998:England, Wales and Northern Ireland
748:
704:District of Columbia Public Schools
469:All public universities except the
13:
2448:Heads of universities and colleges
2438:Education and training occupations
2289:"Higher Education Act 101 of 1997"
1674:
1518:
1500:"The Private University Act, 1992"
1492:
1268:
816:
780:
665:The Catholic University of America
14:
2464:
2268:St George's, University of London
2077:: President And Vice-Chancellor.
2055:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2024:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1526:"Ministry of Education – Law/Act"
1051:St George's, University of London
926:The Queen's University of Belfast
657:The College of William & Mary
550:, in procession at Encaenia, 2009
529:
390:Hong Kong Metropolitan University
333:), a senior civil servant of the
16:Leader of a university or college
2160:Elizabeth Wyse (19 April 2016).
1986:Smith, Kate (11 December 2017).
1406:Higher Education Act 101 of 1997
1376:Royal Military College of Canada
1349:ancient universities of Scotland
1199:Master of the Order of Preachers
1176:
696:New York City Schools Chancellor
690:education in a sense similar to
576:
30:
21:Vice-Chancellor (disambiguation)
2256:
2231:
2206:
2180:
2153:
2138:
2113:
2083:
2068:
1979:
1756:
1731:
1714:"President and Vice-Chancellor"
1685:"President and Vice-Chancellor"
1381:
1079:
41:needs additional citations for
2337:Common academic faculty titles
2047:Jesse, David (14 April 2023).
1913:Gordon, Larry (12 July 2013).
1629:
1607:
1593:
1566:
1540:
1167:National University of Ireland
894:some universities in Hong Kong
671:(formerly "rector"), with the
494:
431:National University of Ireland
323:) is one of the titles of the
1:
2264:"St George's leadership team"
1485:
1214:University of the Philippines
1132:
1068:institution is either called
396:Post-Soviet states and Turkey
198:
169:
2188:"Vice-Chancellor and Warden"
2050:"Portrait of the Presidency"
1301:
1152:
1104:
963:
661:Lubbock Christian University
598:State University of New York
378:Chief Executive of Hong Kong
371:
258:of the university (Finnish:
7:
1445:Lists of university leaders
1428:
1358:
1276:California State University
808:increasingly vulnerable to
735:
606:California State University
602:City University of New York
485:
448:
65:"Chancellor" education
10:
2469:
2075:Queen's University Belfast
1948:Trachtenberg, Stephen Joel
1841:Trachtenberg, Stephen Joel
1689:Queen's University Belfast
1385:
1336:
1140:
1092:
1055:
1047:London School of Economics
1030:(in Northern Ireland) and
1028:Queen's University Belfast
1020:vice-chancellor and warden
827:Vice-Chancellor of Austria
823:Vice-Chancellor of Germany
820:
713:
580:
553:
416:
241:
215:
188:Emeritus Deputy Chancellor
18:
2342:
2214:"Officers of the College"
1219:
1195:University of Santo Tomas
1183:University of Santo Tomas
692:superintendent of schools
506:University of Santo Tomas
386:eight public universities
312:
234:and vice-chancellor" or "
211:
175:Australia and New Zealand
2145:McMillan, David (1968).
1661:University of Manchester
1552:South China Morning Post
1120:
1112:
1024:University of Manchester
673:Archbishop of Washington
653:University of Pittsburgh
610:state university systems
499:In the Philippines, the
476:
403:
2453:Academic administration
2433:Academic administrators
2347:Academic administration
2120:Toncich, Dario (2008).
1440:Academic administration
1288:University of the South
1261:University chancellor (
1250:at the universities of
1224:In Sweden, the rektor (
1099:Prime Minister of Nepal
1086:President of Bangladesh
933:University of Cambridge
726:academic administration
509:governed mainly by its
317:In France, chancellor (
205:President of Bangladesh
2352:Chancellor (education)
2095:Universities Australia
1837:"Becoming a President"
1378:also has a principal.
1308:chief academic officer
1169:also has the title of
1163:Trinity College Dublin
1063:
982:
958:deputy vice-chancellor
758:, thus the politician
573:and vice-chancellor."
551:
539:
501:De La Salle University
443:University of Limerick
439:Dublin City University
427:Trinity College Dublin
339:
329:
319:
307:Åbo Akademi University
279:University of Helsinki
238:and vice-chancellor."
2443:University governance
2166:. eBook Partnership.
1950:; Kauvar, Gerald B.;
1843:; Kauvar, Gerald B.;
1657:"University statutes"
1423:Institutional Statute
1404:In South Africa, the
1386:Further information:
980:
743:Ministry of Education
545:
537:
382:Governor of Hong Kong
335:Ministry of Education
190:, a post created for
2382:Principal (academia)
1879:Kerr, Clark (2001).
1764:"The Executive Team"
1459:university principal
1417:tends to be used in
1327:university president
1181:In the Philippines,
1039:University of London
950:Macquarie University
810:occupational burnout
754:institutions of the
722:University president
710:University president
456:University of Malaya
184:Macquarie University
50:improve this article
2377:Provost (education)
2362:Pro-vice-chancellor
2194:. Durham University
1637:Code de l'éducation
1506:on 17 December 2007
1263:universitetskansler
1171:pro-vice-chancellor
973:Canada and Scotland
954:pro-vice-chancellor
941:pro-vice-chancellor
906:Republic of Ireland
756:University of Wales
649:Syracuse University
435:Pro-Vice-Chancellor
2163:Debrett's Handbook
1718:Cardiff University
1617:. orgchart.mit.edu
1579:The Times of India
1554:. 23 February 2017
1457:, vice president,
1364:Queen's University
1247:rectores magnifici
1032:Cardiff University
983:
764:Cardiff University
614:satellite campuses
591:." A multi-campus
552:
540:
460:Sultan Nazrin Shah
380:(and before 1997,
376:In Hong Kong, the
359:Germany and Poland
291:history of Finland
277:The chancellor of
2415:
2414:
2402:Rector (academia)
2131:978-1-876665-02-9
1919:Los Angeles Times
1774:on 4 October 2022
1368:McGill University
1016:Durham University
946:Deakin University
935:for 36 years was
762:was President of
593:university system
511:rector magnificus
224:England and Wales
134:university system
126:
125:
118:
100:
2460:
2428:Academic honours
2397:Warden (college)
2392:Master (college)
2367:Dean (education)
2331:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2101:on 5 August 2012
2097:. Archived from
2087:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2021:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1940:Loftin, R. Bowen
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1829:
1818:
1817:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1770:. Archived from
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1475:Other: college,
1449:Administrators:
1419:Afrikaans-medium
1345:university court
1070:director general
1066:
922:Northern Ireland
842:Northern Ireland
345:academic degrees
342:
332:
322:
297:, and later the
283:Council of State
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2357:Vice-chancellor
2338:
2335:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2158:
2154:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2045:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1833:Kirwan, William
1830:
1821:
1814:
1798:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1739:"Annual Review"
1737:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1691:. 19 April 2016
1683:
1682:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1641:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1431:
1411:vice-chancellor
1402:
1384:
1361:
1353:academic senate
1341:
1335:
1319:vice-chancellor
1304:
1271:
1238:vice-chancellor
1230:vice-chancellor
1222:
1197:is the current
1179:
1161:in the case of
1155:
1143:
1135:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1095:
1082:
1058:
1000:
975:
966:
918:vice-chancellor
892:countries, and
830:
819:
817:Vice-chancellor
783:
751:
738:
719:
716:Head of college
712:
667:is headed by a
585:
579:
566:
532:
497:
488:
479:
464:Sultan of Perak
451:
437:of the NUI. In
425:in the case of
419:
406:
398:
374:
361:
315:
244:
220:
214:
201:
177:
172:
145:vice-chancellor
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2466:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2280:
2255:
2230:
2205:
2179:
2172:
2152:
2137:
2130:
2112:
2082:
2067:
2036:
2008:
1995:Bloomberg News
1978:
1964:
1952:Gee, E. Gordon
1931:
1905:
1891:
1871:
1857:
1845:Gee, E. Gordon
1819:
1812:
1785:
1755:
1730:
1702:
1673:
1645:
1639:, art. L 712-2
1628:
1606:
1592:
1565:
1539:
1517:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1442:
1437:
1435:Pro-chancellor
1430:
1427:
1383:
1380:
1360:
1357:
1334:
1333:United Kingdom
1331:
1303:
1300:
1270:
1267:
1221:
1218:
1178:
1175:
1154:
1151:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1094:
1091:
1081:
1078:
1057:
1054:
999:
996:
974:
971:
965:
962:
818:
815:
782:
779:
750:
749:United Kingdom
747:
737:
734:
711:
708:
626:North Carolina
578:
575:
531:
530:United Kingdom
528:
496:
493:
487:
484:
478:
475:
450:
447:
418:
415:
405:
402:
397:
394:
373:
370:
360:
357:
314:
311:
299:Russian Empire
295:Swedish Empire
243:
240:
213:
210:
200:
197:
176:
173:
171:
168:
153:pro-chancellor
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Dean of women
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2291:. 4 July 2010
2290:
2284:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2175:
2173:9780992934866
2169:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2025:
2020:
2012:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1967:
1965:9781421424934
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1894:
1892:9780520223677
1888:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1860:
1858:9781421424934
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1813:9780226301495
1809:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1662:
1658:
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1610:
1602:
1596:
1581:
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1505:
1501:
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1401:
1397:
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1389:
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1373:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1354:
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1346:
1340:
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1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1269:United States
1266:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1215:
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1196:
1190:
1188:
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1168:
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1148:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1118:
1110:
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1090:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:(in Wales).
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1005:
995:
992:
988:
979:
970:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
942:
938:
937:Prince Philip
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
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883:
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843:
839:
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828:
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811:
805:
802:
798:
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790:
788:
781:United States
778:
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771:
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727:
723:
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689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
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662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
634:Massachusetts
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
594:
590:
584:
577:United States
574:
572:
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88:
84:
81:
77:
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70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2387:Head teacher
2351:
2293:. Retrieved
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2267:
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2191:
2182:
2162:
2155:
2146:
2140:
2121:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2099:the original
2094:
2085:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:
2027:. Retrieved
2023:
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1993:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1955:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1881:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1848:
1802:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:
1693:. Retrieved
1688:
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548:Lord Patten
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262:, Swedish:
250:, Swedish:
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2105:7 November
1971:2 December
1924:25 January
1898:24 January
1778:31 January
1486:References
1372:presidents
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1080:Bangladesh
904:, and the
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2029:5 January
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