409:
army made a short advance and briefly took control of part of
Thesprotia. Albanian Muslim irregulars began a spree of looting and violence against Greek villagers, and burned the provincial capital of Igoumenitsa to the ground, causing Greek villagers to flee into the mountains. Paramythia and Filiates were also burnt to the ground and representatives of the local communities were murdered by the Cham bands. A local "civil war" broke out in Thesprotia almost immediately with the arrival of the Italian army and its Albanian auxiliaries into the region. However, it was not at first "sectarianised" yet. Some 300 to 400 local Muslim villagers, especially from Gropa, aided the Italian army, and attacked the retreating Greek army and inflicted considerable casualties. A significant number of Albanian Muslim peasants provided armed support to the Italian invasion, however many Albanian Muslims abstained from such activities and proclaimed their disgust at their co-religionists' behavior. In the case of the village of Agios Vlasis the Albanian Muslim inhabitants sheltered "their Christian compatriots" from violence. In the town of Filiates the sacking and destruction committed by Albanian irregulars and Italian soldiers was of such extent that the local Italian military commander was compelled to promulgate an order to curtail the general anarchy.
1423:.(6): 177. "An Albanian political administration called ‘Këshilla’ was founded in 1942, and after 1943 it was completed with its own armed forces as well as a gendarmerie. The latter must have had a less political character during the Italian occupation, and may have been more of a military gendarmerie, which the fascists used to maintain as a security organ for their military. When the Germans succeeded the Italians in July 1943, however, the Këshilla seemed to gain a role as a political administration. In vain they tried to switch off the Greek occupation authorities. An official hand—over of the administration to the Albanians would automatically mean the annexation to Albania, a move that was not necessarily in the interest of the German headquarters in Athens. Nevertheless the Këshilla appointed itself as the supreme administrative office (with law-making power), subsequently ignoring the Greek administration and introducing illegal taxes in order to finance its men."
471:
committing violence against
Christian clans were involved in the protection of other Christian clans. Motivations were not national or religious but instead were motivated by clan and personal rivalries; one British officer remarked that "the whole war is viewed by the Greeks and Albanians from a parochial standpoint with the result that their actions are often controlled by the value of the belligerents to the local cause". However as the violence continued and deepened, and with the rise of the Keshilla, acts of cross-religious solidarity became rarer, and the conflict was increasingly sectarianised. By 1942, according to oral histories, the region was in a civil war, with clans and villages pitted against each other, and the Christian population was forced to flee into the highlands. Their properties were redistributed among Muslims, especially the poorest Muslim classes, who benefited the most from their flight.
413:
deepening cycle of revenge erupted.After a large number of Muslim peasants were court-martialed, a massacre occurred at a prison in
Igoumenitsa wherein Christian men broke in and murdered those arrested for the deaths of their relatives. The deportation of Muslim men aged 18 to 50 deprived the Muslim population of much of its work force and those who could have defended them from the nascent local criminal elements and vengeful Christian bands. Tsoutsoumpis notes that just as Muslims had earlier refused to help the Italian and Albanian occupiers, the majority of the Christian population was disgusted by the violence, and Greek villagers often protected Muslim neighbors from outside predation, and many Muslims were hidden by their Greek
3169:
3046:
2912:
2792:
368:
rivalries between landowning
Muslims and often land-starved Christian itinerant farmers who worked in "deplorable" conditions, and the exploitation of religious affiliations by both Christians and Muslims to win disputes. At the same time there was a high rate of interreligious clan alliances, friendships, blood-brotherhoods, adoptions (where the adoptee retained their parents' religion despite the parents practicing another) and interreligious marriages. Muslim peasants often gave their children Christian names and attended Christian services, while Christians likewise would consult Muslim clergy.
3335:
3239:
3121:
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3204:
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336:"Albanian" but instead "Muslims" or "Turks"; even as late as the 1940s, the Muslims lacked any sort of Albanian consciousness and continued to describe themselves as "Turks"; Albanian nationalist ideas were espoused by a "minority of the educated and landowning class" but even these were divided between republican and royalist factions. Muslim religious authorities were conservative and of pro-Turkish persuasion, and accordingly they obstructed the growth of Albanian nationalism in the region.
3504:
26:
340:
643:. After their negative response, and in pursuit of orders given by the Allied forces to EDES to push them out of Greece and into Albania, fierce fighting occurred between both sides. According to British reports, the Cham bands managed to flee to Albania with their full equipment, together with half million stolen cattle and 3,000 horses, leaving only the elderly members of the community behind.
617:, named after a Cham Albanian who was killed in Vlora fighting against the Germans. At the time of its creation in 1944, it had 460 men, both Cham Albanians and Greeks. The results were disappointing and in a 1944 proclamation ELAS noted that: "Mazar and Nuri Dino found easy prey for their fascist plans in great part of the Cham people, which was thirsty for national liberation".
1253:
sustaining their families, nor were the rents of their properties paid to them regularly (some of them being even lower than a stamp duty). They were not permitted to sell or buy land, and were forced to evaluate their fields at ridiculously low prices (as low as 3 drahmi per stremma), , only to be imprisoned for taxes not paid for land already confiscated or expropriated
372:
Muslim-controlled resources to refugees from Turkey, anti-Albanian policies by the
Metaxas government beginning in 1936 which included suppression of the Albanian language and harassment of Muslim notables, and finally in 1939 the beginning of irredentist pressures emanating from Italy and Italian occupied Albania calling for the annexation of Thesprotia to Albania.
718:. In 1948 the Greek National Bureau on War Crimes ordered juridical research on the crimes committed by Italians, Albanians and Germans during the Axis occupation. Two days later, the immediate arrest of the defendants was ordered. Because all the defendants were abroad it is unknown if the Greek Foreign Ministry initiated the needed diplomatic procedure. In the
384:, hoping to use them as a means of rallying Albanian support around the Fascist regime. In the event, Albanian enthusiasm for the "liberation of Chameria" was muted, but as Italian invasion became imminent in fall 1940, the Greek authorities disarmed the Cham conscripts in the Army, and later rounded up the male population and sent it to internal exile.
1259:, Minorities, f. 58/173/4573. See the more detailed report on illegal real estate expropriations and confiscations and the financial results upon the Muslim population at the documents contacted by the General Inspector of the Central Department (of the Ministry of Agriculture) to his Ministry, dated 13. 01. 1932 and 07.08.1932 (
1250:. 2011. "A concrete description of the lives of the Muslims is clearly referred to in a special report drawn by K. Stylianopoulos, the “Inspector” in charge of Minority issues, who was directly appointed by the Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos and was accountable to him. The report relates to us in graphic terms that “
467:), active from July 1942, its paramilitary militia and gendarmerie of the same name began operating from 1943. According to post-war courts decisions and testimonies, during the Italian occupation these armed units were responsible for large scale criminal activity: murders, rapes, village burnings and looting.
1509:
527:
ended, a larger number of Muslim Chams was recruited for the armed support of the Axis side forming additional battalions of Cham volunteers. Their support was appreciated by the
Germans: Lt Colonel Josef Remold remarked that "with their knowledge of the surrounding area, they have proved their value
408:
broke out in
October 1940, the Italian forces had the support of 3,500 Albanians, among them members of the Cham community in Greece. Their performance however was distinctly lackluster; most Albanians, poorly motivated, either deserted or defected. During October 28 – November 1940 while the Italian
335:
Despite the claims of Greek and
Albanian nationalists alike, surveys of the region of Thesprotia repeatedly noted the lack of "nationalisation" among the population; the Albanian speaking Christians referred to themselves not as Greeks but as "kaurs", while Albanophone Muslims did not call themselves
1353:
Manta, 2009, p. 7: "Greek
Thesprotia was not included amongst the territories annexed to Albania and remained under the control of the High Command of Athens because of the German reaction. It seems that, amongst other factors which worked against such an annexation was the fact that, in contrast to
650:
The number of the Cham victims during this operation is unknown, although it is certain that the remaining Chams who had not already fled to
Albania were forced to move. British officers described it as "a most disgraceful affair" involving "an orgy of revenge" with the local guerrillas "looting and
412:
The Greek army repelled the attack and advanced. Chams support to Italy was paid back by the Greeks, who interned the majority of the male population of the Chams for security reasons. The Greek army and, with it, the internally displaced Christian population returned, a new round of violence in the
564:
20,000 Albanians, with Italian and now German support, spread terror to the rest of the population. Only in the region of Fanari 24 villages were destroyed. The entire harvest was taken by them. In my trip I realized that the Albanians kept the Greeks terrified inside their homes. Young Albanians,
532:
units in combat. On September 27, combined German and Cham forces launched large scale operation in burning and destroying villages north of Paramythia: Eleftherochori, Seliani, Semelika, Aghios Nikolaos, killing 50 Greek villagers in the process. In this operation the Cham contingent numbered 150
445:
after the end of the war. The next round of atrocities did not begin immediately. Italy initially halted its "separatist pro-Albanian policy" for fear of a Greek backlash, and retained the Greek authorities and gendarmerie (although with poor arms and diminished force), despite Albanian protests.
331:
social structure, Muslim Cham landlords were a privileged part of the society and owned much of the most fertile land. Apart from the beys it seems that the majority of the Muslim Cham population consisted of middle sized land owners and also included families with ownership of small land parcels,
1099:
Manta 2009, p. 8: "it been admitted by all sides that the Albanian population as a whole, even though it did not actively collaborate with the occupiers, they accepted them with hope and expectation for the materialization of the promises which had been cultivated for decades; they benefited from
646:
On 18 June 1944, EDES forces with Allied support launched an attack on Paramythia. After short-term against a combined Cham-German garrison, the town was finally liberated. Soon after, violent reprisals were carried out against the town's Muslim community, which was considered responsible for the
371:
In the early 20th century, the bonds between the various Christian and Muslim communities began to weaken as clergy on both sides railed against interreligious relationships. Further stress was placed on interreligious relationships by conflicts over land and resources, the allotment of formerly
1363:
Meyer, p. 152: "Aufgrund des Versrpechens dass ein Teil des Epirus eines Tages zu Albanien gehoren werde, kollaborierten nicht wenige Tsamides mit den Italienern", p. 464: "setzten die deutschen Versprechungen... die sogenannte Tsamouria, nach Kriegsende in "ein freies, selbstandiges Albanien"
379:
became a protectorate of Fascist Italy, relations between the Cham community and the Greek state also deteriorated considerably, as, with the encouragement of the Italian authorities in Albania, irredentist elements of this community became more vocal. The Italian governor of Albania, Francesco
294:
names 3,200 Cham collaborators from the Dino clan. Although not everyone in the community actively collaborated, historiography agrees that the Cham minority completely accepted the Axis occupation and benefited from the presence of occupation troops by providing them with guides, connections,
495:
in Thessaloniki (KZ Pavlos Melas). When the march begun the armed groups did not hesitate to execute a diseased priest in front of the rest of the hostages. In exchange of their support, German Lieutenant Colonel Josef Remold offered the Chams weapons and equipment. As a token of appreciation,
470:
Fictive kinship ties and regional loyalties still served to restrain the violence at this time, with Muslims often warning or sheltering their Christian neighbors, and in some cases threatening violence against other Muslims if their neighbors were harmed. In some cases, Muslim clans that were
367:
Relations between the various social groups were complicated in the region and were characterized primarily by an intense honor culture featuring clans and blood feuds among all major groups, antagonisms between the pastoralist (Vlach) and sedentary (Greek and Albanian) populations, religious
547:
On the night of 27 September, Cham militias arrested 53 prominent Greek citizens in Paramythia and executed 49 of them two days later. This action was orchestrated by the brothers Nuri and Mazar Dino (an officer of the Cham militia) in order to get rid of the town's Greek representatives and
1252:
persecutions and heavier confiscations, even led to the decision of classifying as chiftlik the town of Paramythia and in that way small properties and gardens had been expropriated against the Constitution and the Agrarian law; not a single stremma was left to them for cultivation and for
679:
committed during the Axis occupation occurred, however not a single defendant was arrested or imprisoned, as they had already fled the country. Nevertheless, some of the prominent Cham Albanian collaborators retained close contact with former officers of Nazi Germany after the war.
446:
Nevertheless, Italian authorities proved tolerant of murders committed by the Muslim population and allowed them to openly carry arms, ultimately encouraging a spate of murders that came to grow into serious communal conflicts, with the first major conflicts breaking out in
311:
prefecture in Greece, as well as a few villages in southwestern Albania. Before 1945, the region had a mixed Greek and Albanian population dating to the migrations of Albanian tribes into the area in the 13th and 14th centuries. Many of the Chams, originally
1173:. 2011. "Although there is no sufficient written proof to support the idea, it’s almost certain that families owning very small parcels of land, or just a few small fields and a small number of sheep, were not an exception and were also present in villages"
4879:
1109:
Manta 2009, p. 11: The least that can be said is that for Hoxha and generally for the Albanian communists, the Çams comprised a controversial if not suspect community, due to their collaboration with the German and Italian occupiers during World War
3521:
1983:Περιουσίες Αλβανών και Τσάμηδων στην Ελλάδα: Aρση του εμπολέμου και διεθνής προστασία των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου' [Properties of Albanians and Chams in Greece: Nullification of the State of War and international protection of human rights]
695:. Rexhep Dino escaped to Turkey. Also numerous Cham representatives who found refuge in the People's Republic of Albania were imprisoned as "collaborators of the occupation forces", "war criminals" and "murderers of the Greeks" by the local regime.
592:
in this region. Albanian nationalist groups participated in these operations, among them a Cham battalion of ca. 1,000 men under the leadership of Nuri Dino. The death toll from these operations, which began on 1 January 1944 in the region of
363:
bear witness to a sense of grievance. However, there is little evidence of direct state persecution at this time. During that time though, members of the Cham community suffered from discrimination due to severe expropriations of their lands.
1100:
their presence in the region and provided them with indirect support with guides, connections, informants etc. A German officer was to admit later that the Albanians were favorably disposed towards them while the Greeks fought against them."
450:
in late October 1941. The establishment of the Italian occupation authorities in Epirus was complete up until middle May 1941 and the following month the first armed units consisting of Cham Albanians took action in the region.
1633:ε μια έκθεση του ΕΑΜ για τους Τσάμηδες το 1944 , « οι φασίστες τυχοδιώκτες Νουρί και Μαζάρ Ντίνο βρίσκουν εύκολη λεία για τα φασιστικά τους σχέδια μεγάλη μερίδα του τσάμικου λαού που διψούσε διά την εθνική λύτρωσή του.
262:
and Albanian citizens lost their lives and a great number of villages were burned and destroyed. It appears that the Mufti and many beys did not approve of the Cham helping the Wehrmacht to burn Greek villages. With the
4515:
1870:
Transnationale Vergangenheitspolitik: der Umgang mit deutschen Kriegsverbrechern in Europa nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg [Past International Policy: Associations with German War Crimes in Europe after the Second World
516:, the region officially came under German control. The German commander of Paramythia, in need of the support of the Cham population, repeated to the Albanian community the promise that the region would become part of
295:
informants and other forms of support. Mainly due to their collaboration in World War II the Chams later became a controversial if not suspect community for the leaders of the Peoples Republic of Albania (1945-1991).
3769:
462:
as local administrator of Thesprotia and as a representative of the Albanian government. At the time the town of Paramythia had a mixed Greek-Cham population of 6,000. Apart from the local Cham administration
3692:
2165:
555:
During 20–29 September , as a result of serial violent activities, at least 75 Greek citizens were killed in Paramythia and 19 municipalities were destroyed. On 30 September, the Swiss representative of the
3533:
1535:
After the capitulation of Italy in September 1943, the British mission in Epirus tried to arrive at an understanding with the Chams in the hope of persuading them to turn against the Germans. The Chams
565:
just finished from school, wandered heavily armed. The Greek population of Igoumenitsa had to find refuge in the mountains. The Albanians had stolen all the cattle and the fields remain uncultivated.
4412:
4368:
4199:
574:
After the capitulation of Fascist Italy, in September 1943, the local British mission proposed an alliance to the Chams and to fight together the Germans, but this proposal was rejected.
283:. However, the war crimes remained unpunished since the criminals had already fled abroad. According to German historian Norbert Frei, the Muslim Cham minority is regarded as the "fourth
655:
reported that "The bishop of Paramythia joined in the searching of houses for booty and came out of one house to find his already heavily laden mule had been meanwhile stripped by some
4402:
483:. During the subsequent operations, 600 Greek villagers were killed and 70 villages in the region were destroyed. 500 Greek citizens were taken hostages and 160 of them were sent to
3516:
1419:
Georgia Kretsi (2002). "The Secret Past of the Greek-Albanian Borderlands. Cham Muslim Albanians: Perspectives on a Conflict over Historical Accountability and Current Rights".
581:
took place mostly in Greek territory, such activities had also spread to southern Albania, with combined German and Cham Albanian units executing c. 50 Albanian in the process.
4465:
1136:
4460:
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4245:
479:
From 29 July – 31 August 1943, while the region was typically under Italian occupation, a combined German and Cham force launched an anti-partisan sweep operation codenamed
1373:
Manta, 2009, p. 7: "Up until the middle of May that year their establishment in Paramythia and other Epirote cities and the organization of their services, were completed."
3664:
237:
4128:
1562:
The Secret Past of the Greek-Albanian Borderlands. Cham Muslim Albanians: Perspectives on a Conflict over Historical Accountability and Current Rights. Georgia Kretsi.
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According to the Lieutenant Colonel Palmer of the British Military Mission in Albania, 2,000–3,000 collaborated in an organized manner, while a report of
484:
1764:"The Secret Past of the Greek-Albanian Borderlands. Cham Muslim Albanians: Perspectives on a Conflict over Historical Accountability and Current Rights"
5808:
4485:
4214:
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1763:
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few fields or animals and located in villages. A degree of antagonism existed between the two communities and conflict occurred on certain occasions.
5803:
5726:
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209:
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Tsoutsoumpis, Spyros. "Violence, resistance and collaboration in a Greek borderland: the case of the Muslim Chams of Epirus." (2015). Pages 127–130.
5649:
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1995:
1210:
Tsoutsoumpis, Spyros. "Violence, resistance and collaboration in a Greek borderland: the case of the Muslim Chams of Epirus." (2015). Pages 121-127
714:
reported that the executions and the reprisal missions were part of "war regulations", however he admitted utter ignorance about the executions in
5552:
5535:
4179:
391:, 28 villages in the region were inhabited exclusively by Muslim Chams, and an additional 20 villages had mixed (Greek-Muslim Cham) populations.
5314:
2681:
685:
217:
5681:
3435:
359:
period, the Greek state did not take any serious effort to encourage their assimilation, although a number of complaints by the Chams to the
173:
1385:"Οι Βρετανικές Υπηρεσίες κατά την Περίοδο του Δευτέρου Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου στην Ελλάδα [British Intelligence in World War II Greece]"
1354:
Kosovo, the inhabitants of Epirus were by a vast majority Greeks, which could not justify any administrative reorganization in that region."
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1807:
Blutiges Edelweiß: Die 1. Gebirgs-division im zweiten Weltkrieg [Bloodstained Edelweiss. The 1st Mountain-Division in WWII]
4133:
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980:
Examining policy responses to immigration in the light of interstate relations and foreign policy objectives: Greece and Albania
925:
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2005:
1970:
1949:
1928:
1907:
1879:
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959:
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86:, rapes, burning of villages, massacres, destruction of settlements and cultural heritage sites, transport of civilians to
236:
with Italy) after the end of the war. As a result of this pro-Albanian approach, many Muslim Chams actively supported the
5530:
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2658:
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610:
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880:
291:
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lived in Germany and had a small business in Munich, where he kept contact with the former German Lieutenant Colonel
606:
142:
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343:
The region of Thesprotia (dark orange), roughly coterminous with Chameria, within Epirus (light orange) and Greece
5798:
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1997:
International intervention in the Greek Civil War: the United Nations Special Committee on the Balkans, 1947-1952
584:
Due to increasing resistance activity at the end of 1943 in southern Albania, German General and local commander
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4092:
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3790:
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1734:"The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece: The grounds for the expulsion of a "non-existent" minority community"
614:
5686:
5415:
5072:
4603:
4194:
3379:
2056:
670:
287:" in Greece due to the collaborationist and criminal activities that large parts of the minority committed.
276:
5601:
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5120:
4782:
4519:
4123:
3904:
3812:
3702:
3508:
3251:
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1408:...τον Ιούνιο του 1941, ξεκίνησαν τη δράση τους οι πρώτες ένοπλες συμμορίες Αλβανών τσάμηδων στην Ήπειρο...
355:
however, the Muslim beys lost their political influence, while retaining their economic weight. During the
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912:: 705 "The Albanian minority of the Chams collaborated in large parts with the Italians and the Germans".
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1920:
Collective memory, national identity, and ethnic conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian question
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K. Antoniou, Istoria Horifilakis (1833–1967) Volume.2 N/A Athens, 1964, p. 77. Cited in Tsoutsoumpis
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Verfolgung und Gedächtnis in Albanien : eine Analyse postsozialistischer Erinnerungsstrategien
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to death (decision no. 344/1945). The next year the same court condemned an additional 179. At the
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1263:, 1935, f. A/4/9/2),where he underlines that even plots of 2-3 stremmata had been expropriated."
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Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans
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During the summer of 1944, when the German withdrawal was imminent, the right-wing head of the
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were operating in the region, manned by local Muslim Chams. The results were devastating: many
2296:
1960:
1384:
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Verfolgung und Gedächtnis in Albanien: eine Analyse postsozialistischer Erinnerungsstrategien
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Statehood before and beyond ethnicity: minor states in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1600-2000
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8:
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1890:Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας
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321:
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146:
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After The War Was Over: Reconstructing the Family, Nation and State in Greece, 1943-1960
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After The War Was Over: Reconstructing the Family, Nation and State in Greece, 1943–1960
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As the end of World War II drew near, a small number of Muslim Chams became part of the
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2118:
2110:
244:. Apart from the formation of a local administration and armed security battalions, a
5654:
5185:
5065:
5023:
4964:
4916:
4896:
4699:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4475:
4445:
4342:
4337:
4297:
4292:
4240:
4174:
4169:
4051:
4031:
3914:
3644:
3630:
3625:
3467:
3352:
3256:
3173:
3050:
2964:
2916:
2796:
2740:
2735:
2706:
2441:
2029:
2001:
1966:
1945:
1924:
1903:
1875:
1853:
1832:
1811:
1676:
1622:
1579:
1517:
1041:
1001:
955:
931:
876:
703:
433:
Germany was against the annexation of the region to Albania that time. Nevertheless,
405:
360:
280:
181:
5234:
3362:
2592:
1981:
399:
5342:
5329:
5294:
4608:
4480:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4036:
3998:
3605:
3595:
3448:
3430:
3398:
3001:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2863:
2855:
2850:
2828:
2750:
2725:
2316:
2066:
2061:
1741:
1392:
707:
500:, the leader of the Cham security battalions, promised to secure the region of the
418:
5696:
5396:
4954:
4901:
4854:
4841:
4550:
4327:
4317:
4312:
4287:
4189:
3832:
3620:
3357:
3026:
2838:
2804:
2607:
2391:
1939:
1918:
1897:
1889:
1868:
1847:
1805:
1670:
1616:
1293:
1084:
690:
639:, asked the Cham Albanians to fight against his rivals, the Communist-controlled
636:
517:
488:
348:
240:
and committed a number of crimes against the local population both in Greece and
4224:
3402:
548:
intellectuals. According to German reports, Cham militias were also part of the
528:
in the scouting missions". On several occasions these scouting missions engaged
421:, Greece soon capitulated. The entire country came under a triple occupation by
5574:
5517:
5251:
4154:
4041:
3827:
3817:
3443:
3411:
3374:
3203:
3085:
2868:
2627:
2597:
2102:
719:
652:
414:
328:
233:
189:
2527:
1618:Ελλαδα και μειονοτητες: το συστημα διεθνους προστασιας της κοινωνιας των εθνων
5787:
5266:
5217:
4959:
4939:
4397:
3931:
3138:
3103:
2883:
2650:
2612:
2406:
442:
380:
Jacomoni, was an especially vocal proponent of Albanian claims in Greece and
177:
133:
4388:
Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
2582:
2522:
2517:
2512:
1707:
Ktistakis, Yiorgos. "Τσάμηδες - Τσαμουριά. Η ιστορία και τα εγκλήματα τους"
5619:
5379:
5212:
5107:
4694:
3540:
3458:
3453:
3367:
3339:
3334:
3261:
3243:
3238:
3143:
3133:
3125:
3120:
2888:
2878:
2622:
1738:
European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey
454:
The occupation forces installed a local Cham administration in the town of
438:
388:
317:
221:
83:
2507:
1396:
966:"During World War II, the majority of Chams sided with the Axis forces..."
271:
and revenge attacks against the remaining Chams were carried out by Greek
5384:
5203:
4911:
4535:
3948:
3386:
2577:
2557:
2547:
2456:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2381:
711:
585:
459:
352:
213:
79:
3943:
2187:
2147:
681:
464:
250:
138:
3754:
3418:
2617:
2602:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2542:
2486:
2386:
2371:
2157:
715:
676:
455:
308:
272:
201:
39:
1746:
613:
of Albania. In May 1944, ELAS formed a mixed battalion with Chams the
25:
5634:
5594:
5589:
5420:
2537:
2476:
2446:
2127:
2123:
1938:
Russell King; Nicola Mai; Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, eds. (2005).
533:
men, and, according to German Major Stöckert, "performed very well".
339:
5462:
5410:
5271:
3709:
3503:
2567:
2532:
2376:
2351:
2346:
1780:
699:
657:
640:
594:
447:
356:
304:
225:
47:
2466:
2436:
5007:
2471:
2426:
2071:
947:
501:
491:
400 inhabitants were arrested and forced to march to the nearest
400:
Greco-Italian War and Italian occupation of October–November 1940
241:
51:
4129:
Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
3926:
3575:
3168:
3045:
2911:
2791:
2431:
2401:
2396:
2364:
2359:
982:". In King, Russell, & Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers (eds).
381:
259:
205:
43:
2021:
1733:
5435:
2451:
303:
The region inhabited by the Chams, known among Albanians as "
1391:. Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences: 30.
4363:
4097:
1644:
569:
529:
125:
Civilian population of Thesprotia, Greece, Konispol Albania
1000:. Boulder, Colo.: Social Science Monographs. p. 228.
588:, decided to initiate armed operations with the code name
5044:
Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
504:
river, south of Paramythia, against Allied infiltration.
4839:
675:
In the post-war years a number of trials concerning the
4646:
1828:
The Greek civil war, 1943-1950: studies of polarization
1781:"The Cams of Albania and the Greek State (1923 - 1945)"
1604:. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 175–. GGKEY:ES2RY3RRUDS.
1079:
1077:
1075:
941:
600:
487:
in Nazi Germany. In 21 settlements in the vicinity of
620:
560:, Hans-Jakob Bickel, visited the area and concluded:
441:
propaganda promised that the region would be part of
156:
Ethnic Cleansing, Annexation of Thesprotia to Albania
1571:
1514:
Epirus, 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization
1072:
4852:
2025:
The Cham Albanians of Greece. A Documentary History
1578:(vol 33 ed.). P.I.E.-Peter Lang. p. 308.
1322:
872:
The German Secret Field Police in Greece, 1941-1944
722:in Nuremberg (1948) the American judges called the
4134:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)
1510:"The Developments of the Northern Epirus Question"
1479:
1477:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1147:(4). Tirana, Albania: Institute of History: 17–32.
664:
4110:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA)
1962:Islam and Nationalism in Modern Greece, 1821-1940
995:
793:
791:
778:
776:
774:
761:
759:
757:
744:
742:
740:
738:
698:During 1945, a Special Court on Collaborators in
474:
428:
351:passed to Greek hands in 1913 as a result of the
5785:
4139:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
3879:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO)
3301:
1118:
1116:
1014:
30:Memorial of the massive executions in Paramythia
4119:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON)
1474:
1299:
324:persisting as late as the early 19th century.
164:Collaboration with the Axis occupation units,
5315:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
5187:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
3997:
2693:
2680:
2638:Settlements inhabited by communities known as
1621:(in Greek). Εκδοσεις Καστανιωτη. p. 258.
1357:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
896:
894:
892:
788:
771:
754:
735:
265:retreat of the Axis forces from Greece in 1944
5171:
4634:
2666:
2087:
1113:
954:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 190–.
651:wantonly destroying everything". The British
2166:Cham Albanian Resistance during World War II
1288:
1286:
1218:
1216:
998:Ethnic cleansing in twentieth-century Europe
974:
972:
948:Victor Roudometof; Roland Robertson (2001).
4393:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN)
1740:(12). European Journal of Turkish Studies.
1191:
1181:
1179:
889:
254:and a resistance paramilitary group called
5178:
5164:
2673:
2659:
2094:
2080:
1731:
1273:
1271:
1269:
920:
918:
852:
850:
837:
835:
822:
820:
818:
805:
803:
24:
5809:Albanian collaborators with Fascist Italy
4587:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
4446:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
4369:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA)
2205:Anti-Fascist Committee of Cham Immigrants
2183:Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis
2022:Elsie, Robert; Bejtullah Destani (2013).
1745:
1558:
1556:
1382:
1283:
1213:
969:
69:Population hostile to the Axis occupation
19:Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis
5804:Albanian collaborators with Nazi Germany
2238:Party for Justice, Integration and Unity
1989:. Center of Studying of Minority Groups.
1958:
1541:
1176:
570:Nazi-Cham activities in southern Albania
338:
4418:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI)
4364:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
2642:, and very rarely characterized as Cham
1845:
1675:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 58.
1266:
1248:The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece
1171:The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece
1022:The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece
915:
847:
832:
815:
800:
5786:
1761:
1668:
1614:
1572:Eriksonas, Linas; Leos Müller (2005).
1553:
1507:
536:
5159:
5136:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
4989:
4838:
4633:
4376:National and Social Liberation (EKKA)
4103:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN)
4098:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS)
3996:
3300:
2692:
2654:
2075:
1959:Katsikas, Stefanos (27 August 2021).
1778:
1134:
1128:
1033:
868:
394:
4408:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ)
4180:Protests against labour mobilization
930:. Princeton University Press, 2000,
862:
702:condemned 1,930 Cham collaborators
609:(ELAS), as well as the anti-fascist
601:Cham participation in the resistance
507:
423:German, Italian and Bulgarian troops
375:In the late 1930s, especially after
320:in the 17th to 19th centuries, with
145:, Nuri Dino battalion (Wehrmacht),
5493:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
4597:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing")
2248:Bilal Xhaferri Cultural Association
1137:"Aspects of Islamization in Çamëri"
621:Axis retreat and expulsion of Chams
275:and villagers. When the war ended,
176:between 1941 and 1944 parts of the
13:
2101:
2015:
1785:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
1037:The Origins of the Greek Civil War
14:
5820:
5247:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
4990:
4093:Union of People's Democracy (ELD)
2263:Party for Justice and Integration
2243:Democratic Foundation of Chameria
2233:Chameria Human Rights Association
1888:Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). "
1852:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
143:1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)
90:, wide scale looting and banditry
5343:Russian Liberation People's Army
3502:
3429:
3333:
3237:
3202:
3167:
3119:
3084:
3044:
2945:
2910:
2849:
2790:
2695:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign
1257:Archive of Eleftherios Venizelos
633:National Republican Greek League
5355:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
4088:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE)
4083:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
3777:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
1916:
1874:(in German). Wallstein Verlag.
1810:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag.
1710:
1701:
1689:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1608:
1592:
1565:
1501:
1489:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1413:
1383:Theodoros, Sabatakakis (2003).
1376:
1367:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1103:
1093:
1060:
1027:
996:Steven Béla Várdy, ed. (2003).
989:
903:
665:Aftermath and war crimes trials
279:sentenced 2,106 Chams to death
277:special courts on collaboration
3889:Greek National Socialist Party
3884:National Union of Greece (EEE)
3187:Central Macedonia Army Section
3182:Eastern Macedonia Army Section
2935:Western Macedonia Army Section
2000:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1979:
1937:
1923:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1902:. Princeton University Press.
1846:Fischer, Bernd Jürgen (1999).
607:Greek People's Liberation Army
429:Italian occupation (1941–1943)
267:, most of the Cham population
1:
5416:Collaborationist Chinese Army
4604:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe
2057:Collaboration in World War II
1993:
1804:Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008).
875:. McFarland. pp. 79=80.
729:
671:Pursuit of Nazi collaborators
512:In September 1943, following
298:
4466:Execution of Josef Salminger
3303:Occupation and collaboration
2143:Albanian Committee of Janina
1895:
1732:Baltsiotis, Lambros (2011).
1656:
1277:
1222:
647:massacre of September 1943.
307:", consisted chiefly of the
7:
5257:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
4840:Liberation and road to the
4502:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
3760:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
3611:Cephalonia (Acqui Division)
2268:Party for Justice and Unity
2210:Liberation Army of Chameria
2200:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
2050:
1980:Ktistakis, Giorgos (2006).
1965:. Oxford University Press.
1917:Roudometof, Victor (2002).
627:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
292:Pan-Epirotic EAM-Commission
10:
5825:
5446:First Indian National Army
5073:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
5029:Holocaust Museum of Greece
3665:Larissa concentration camp
3660:Haidari concentration camp
2874:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
2682:Greece during World War II
1941:The New Albanian Migration
1824:
1803:
1779:Manta, Eleftheria (2009).
1725:
1716:
1547:
1495:
1483:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1255:..... Report, 15.10.1930,
1185:
984:The new Albanian migration
909:
856:
841:
826:
809:
797:Kallivretakis, 1995, p. 39
782:
765:
748:
668:
624:
540:
5515:
5395:
5211:
5201:
5197:
5057:
5034:Kalavryta Massacre Museum
5016:
5000:
4996:
4985:
4932:
4862:
4848:
4834:
4754:
4708:
4657:
4642:
4636:Greek government-in-exile
4629:
4574:
4528:
4514:
4494:
4433:
4356:
4280:
4273:
4246:5/42 Regiment dissolution
4233:
4147:
4075:
4024:
4013:
4009:
3992:
3959:
3897:
3866:
3800:
3789:
3770:Expropriation of property
3745:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
3735:
3683:
3553:
3500:
3427:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3309:
3296:
3235:
3200:
3165:
3156:
3117:
3082:
3042:
3035:
2994:
2981:
2943:
2908:
2901:
2847:
2788:
2781:
2718:
2705:
2701:
2688:
2636:
2495:
2339:
2276:
2218:
2156:
2109:
1994:Nachmani, Amikam (1990).
1944:. Sussex Academic Press.
1866:
1849:Albania at War, 1939-1945
1695:
1516:. Ekdotike Athenon: 401.
1122:
1066:
986:. Sussex Academic. p. 16.
387:Prior to the outbreak of
246:paramilitary organization
224:propaganda promised that
193:
174:Axis occupation of Greece
160:
152:
129:
121:
94:
73:
65:
57:
35:
23:
18:
5365:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
5310:National Republican Army
5305:Latvian Auxiliary Police
5230:Albanian Fascist Militia
5115:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
4870:National Bands Agreement
4731:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
4516:British Military Mission
4124:National Solidarity (EA)
3693:Greek economy, 1941–1944
3407:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
3222:2nd New Zealand Division
2766:Italian spring offensive
2171:4th "Ali Demi" Battalion
1825:Close, David H. (1993).
1762:Kretsi, Georgia (2002).
1669:Kretsi, Georgia (2007).
1135:Isufi, Hajredin (2004).
1040:. Longman. p. 248.
1034:Close, David H. (1995).
724:executions in Paramythia
611:National Liberation Army
88:Nazi concentration camps
5794:Albania in World War II
5483:Royal Thai Armed Forces
5473:Manchukuo Imperial Army
5458:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
5406:Burma Independence Army
5338:Russian Liberation Army
5300:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
5262:Belarusian Home Defence
5226:Albanian collaborators
5049:Thessaloniki War Museum
4741:Christodoulos Tsigantes
4736:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
4566:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
3227:6th Australian Division
3069:Konstantinos Bakopoulos
2815:Charalambos Katsimitros
1892:. University of Athens.
869:Muñoz, Antonio (2018).
615:IV "Ali Demi" battalion
558:International Red Cross
419:intervention of Germany
117:Operation Horridoh: 500
103:Operation Augustus: 600
5799:Epirus in World War II
5468:Malayan Volunteer Army
5334:Russian collaborators
5282:Finnish Defence Forces
4225:Killing of Franz Krech
3972:Executions of Kokkinia
3858:Dionysios Papadongonas
3853:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
3267:1st Parachute Division
2986:(April–May 1941)
2834:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
2133:Catastrophe of Zalongo
1896:Mazower, Mark (2000).
1867:Frei, Norbert (2006).
1766:. Ethnologia Balkanica
1508:Kondis, Basil (1997).
900:Katsikas, 2021, p. 191
567:
344:
185:
115:Operation Augustus: 50
5488:Russian Fascist Party
5277:Croatian Armed Forces
4950:Archbishop Damaskinos
4907:Percentages agreement
4333:Konstantinos Ventiris
3720:Occupation Reichsmark
3272:5th Mountain Division
3099:Henry Maitland Wilson
2925:8th Infantry Division
2284:Cham Albanian dialect
2258:Party of the Chameria
2228:"Çamëria" Association
2193:Paramythia executions
1615:Διβανη, Λενα (1999).
1364:eingegliedert werde."
597:, was 500 Albanians.
562:
543:Paramythia executions
342:
202:Thesprotia prefecture
106:Paramythia Executions
5453:Inner Mongolian Army
5441:Indian National Army
5325:Royal Hungarian Army
5320:Romanian Land Forces
5122:The Guns of Navarone
5087:Ill Met by Moonlight
4766:3rd Mountain Brigade
4561:George Psychoundakis
4546:Patrick Leigh Fermor
4210:Pinerolo disarmament
3808:Georgios Tsolakoglou
3217:1st Armoured Brigade
3209:British Commonwealth
3091:British Commonwealth
3074:Georgios Tsolakoglou
2820:Konstantinos Davakis
2302:Song of Marko Boçari
2176:"Chameria" Battalion
2128:Souliote Confederacy
1601:Ethnologia Balkanica
1421:Ethnologia Balkanica
1089:. Vol. 6. 2002.
1086:Ethnologia Balkanica
514:Italian capitulation
475:Operation "Augustus"
5498:Takasago Volunteers
5426:Gando Special Force
5350:Security Battalions
5101:Ipolochagos Natassa
4945:Georgios Papandreou
4721:Emmanouil Tsouderos
4592:Operation "Animals"
4582:Operation "Albumen"
4303:Komninos Pyromaglou
4261:Red Terror (Greece)
4205:1943 Athens protest
4170:Gorgopotamos Bridge
4067:Evripidis Bakirtzis
4015:National Liberation
3910:Alcibiades Diamandi
3874:Security Battalions
3848:George S. Mercouris
3823:Sotirios Gotzamanis
3765:Baron Hirsch ghetto
3392:XXII Mountain Corps
3192:Epirus Army Section
2930:Epirus Army Section
2503:Azis Tahir Ajdonati
2312:Dance of Osman Taka
2297:Song of Çelo Mezani
2138:Assembly of Preveza
1397:10.12681/eadd/17487
577:Although operation
537:Paramythia incident
322:Crypto-Christianity
147:Geheime Feldpolizei
5360:Slovene Home Guard
5039:Kalpaki War Museum
4892:Lebanon Conference
4758:in the Middle East
4756:Greek Armed Forces
4746:Pafsanias Katsotas
4726:Sofoklis Venizelos
4413:Hellenic Army (ES)
4348:Kimonas Zografakis
4323:Vasileios Sachinis
4308:Antonis Fosteridis
4274:Non-EAM resistance
3939:Cham collaboration
3920:Vassilis Rapotikas
3843:Nikolaos Bourantas
3838:Friedrich Schubert
3813:K. Logothetopoulos
3463:Carlo Vecchiarelli
3064:Alexandros Papagos
2810:Alexandros Papagos
2328:Krahu i shqiponjës
2119:Pashalik of Janina
1389:www.didaktorika.gr
1344:Kretsi, 2009, p. 7
1141:Historical Studies
523:By time Operation
493:concentration camp
395:Italian occupation
345:
256:Balli Kombetar Cam
230:awarded to Albania
5781:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5760:
5616:
5511:
5510:
5399:collaborationists
5375:Wehrmacht foreign
5370:Waffen-SS foreign
5286:
5220:collaborationists
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5066:Aera! Aera! Aera!
5024:Athens War Museum
4981:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4965:Nikos Zachariadis
4917:Treaty of Varkiza
4902:Operation "Manna"
4897:Caserta Agreement
4830:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4685:April 1944 mutiny
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4551:Bill Stanley Moss
4510:
4509:
4461:Skala Paramythias
4338:Manolis Paterakis
4298:Dimitrios Psarros
4293:Georgios Kartalis
4269:
4268:
4241:Feneos executions
4052:Alexandros Svolos
4032:Aris Velouchiotis
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3915:Nicolaos Matussis
3785:
3784:
3670:200 of Kaisariani
3549:
3548:
3380:LXVIII Army Corps
3353:Hermann Neubacher
3348:Günther Altenburg
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3257:XXXX Panzer Corps
3152:
3151:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2897:
2896:
2710:(1940–1941)
2707:Greco-Italian War
2648:
2647:
2007:978-0-275-93367-8
1972:978-0-19-065202-9
1951:978-1-903900-78-9
1930:978-0-275-97648-4
1909:978-0-691-05842-9
1881:978-3-89244-940-9
1859:978-1-85065-531-2
1838:978-0-415-02112-8
1817:978-3-86153-447-1
1747:10.4000/ejts.4444
1628:978-960-03-2491-4
1585:978-0-8204-6646-0
1047:978-0-582-06471-3
961:978-0-313-31949-5
508:German occupation
406:Greek-Italian War
361:League of Nations
316:Christians, were
214:occupation forces
170:
169:
5816:
5758:
5614:
5330:Royal Iraqi Army
5284:
5209:
5208:
5199:
5198:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5157:
5156:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4986:
4883:
4860:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4836:
4835:
4655:
4654:
4648:Greek government
4644:
4643:
4631:
4630:
4609:Damasta sabotage
4526:
4525:
4278:
4277:
4114:National Council
4062:Markos Vafeiadis
4057:Ilias Tsirimokos
4047:Georgios Siantos
4037:Stefanos Sarafis
4022:
4021:
4011:
4010:
3994:
3993:
3798:
3797:
3791:Collaborationist
3728:
3537:
3525:
3507:
3506:
3481:
3449:Pellegrino Ghigi
3434:
3433:
3399:Alexander Andrae
3338:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3297:
3252:XVIII Army Corps
3242:
3241:
3207:
3206:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3124:
3123:
3109:Bernard Freyberg
3089:
3088:
3049:
3048:
3040:
3039:
3002:Operation Lustre
2992:
2991:
2987:
2950:
2949:
2915:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2864:Benito Mussolini
2854:
2853:
2829:Ioannis Pitsikas
2795:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2690:
2689:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2317:Dance of Zalongo
2096:
2089:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2067:Schutzmannschaft
2062:Collaborationism
2046:
2044:
2042:
2011:
1990:
1988:
1976:
1955:
1934:
1913:
1885:
1863:
1842:
1821:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1275:
1264:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1208:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1081:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1011:
993:
987:
976:
967:
965:
945:
939:
922:
913:
907:
901:
898:
887:
886:
866:
860:
854:
845:
839:
830:
824:
813:
807:
798:
795:
786:
780:
769:
763:
752:
746:
726:"plain murder".
708:Nuremberg trials
694:
285:occupation force
195:
28:
16:
15:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5773:
5536:Italian Albania
5507:
5391:
5216:
5193:
5184:
5154:
5141:
5058:Popular culture
5053:
5012:
4992:
4969:
4955:Georgios Grivas
4928:
4877:
4875:Plaka agreement
4844:
4818:
4757:
4750:
4704:
4649:
4638:
4613:
4570:
4541:Monty Woodhouse
4506:
4490:
4429:
4352:
4328:Lela Karagianni
4318:Ilias Degiannis
4313:Kostas Perrikos
4288:Napoleon Zervas
4265:
4229:
4200:Kournovo Tunnel
4143:
4071:
4016:
4005:
3976:
3955:
3893:
3862:
3833:Georgios Poulos
3792:
3781:
3731:
3722:
3715:Compulsory loan
3685:
3679:
3545:
3531:
3529:Trifon Trifonov
3519:
3501:
3496:
3485:VIII Army Corps
3475:
3428:
3423:
3358:Walter Schimana
3332:
3324:
3315:
3305:
3276:
3236:
3231:
3201:
3196:
3166:
3148:
3118:
3113:
3083:
3078:
3043:
3031:
2985:
2984:
2983:German invasion
2969:
2944:
2939:
2909:
2893:
2848:
2843:
2839:Georgios Kosmas
2805:Ioannis Metaxas
2789:
2777:
2709:
2708:
2697:
2684:
2679:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2632:
2608:Dashamir Tahiri
2491:
2335:
2272:
2253:Shoqata Çamëria
2214:
2152:
2105:
2100:
2053:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2018:
2016:Further reading
2008:
1986:
1973:
1952:
1931:
1910:
1882:
1860:
1839:
1818:
1794:
1792:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1750:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1613:
1609:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1447:: 464, 467, 476
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1414:
1401:
1399:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1300:
1292:Kretsi Georgia
1291:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1245:
1241:
1235:Roudometof 2002
1233:
1229:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1164:
1158:Roudometof 2002
1156:
1152:
1143:(in Albanian).
1133:
1129:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1008:
994:
990:
977:
970:
962:
946:
942:
924:Mazower, Mark.
923:
916:
908:
904:
899:
890:
883:
867:
863:
855:
848:
840:
833:
825:
816:
808:
801:
796:
789:
781:
772:
764:
755:
747:
736:
732:
688:
673:
667:
637:Napoleon Zervas
629:
623:
603:
572:
545:
539:
520:after the war.
518:Greater Albania
510:
477:
435:Fascist Italian
431:
402:
397:
301:
269:fled to Albania
238:Axis operations
218:Fascist Italian
204:, northwestern
165:
141:
137:
116:
114:
109:
104:
102:
76:
46:
31:
12:
11:
5:
5822:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5531:German Albania
5522:
5520:
5518:Axis countries
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5503:Vanguard Youth
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5252:Armistice Army
5249:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5235:Balli Kombëtar
5232:
5223:
5221:
5206:
5195:
5194:
5191:Imperial Japan
5183:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5160:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5069:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4872:
4866:
4864:
4857:
4846:
4845:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4814:336th Squadron
4811:
4809:335th Squadron
4806:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4777:Vasilissa Olga
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4716:King George II
4712:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4658:Events/Battles
4652:
4640:
4639:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4556:Themis Marinos
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4523:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4343:Petrakogiorgis
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4155:Drama uprising
4151:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Andreas Tzimas
4039:
4034:
4028:
4026:
4019:
4007:
4006:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3828:Georgios Bakos
3825:
3820:
3818:Ioannis Rallis
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3526:
3513:
3511:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3473:III Army Corps
3470:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3444:Angelico Carta
3440:
3438:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3412:Fortress Crete
3396:
3395:
3394:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3375:Hellmuth Felmy
3372:
3371:
3370:
3363:Alexander Löhr
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3326:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:King George II
3055:
3053:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:Kleisoura Pass
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2989:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Galeazzo Ciano
2866:
2860:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2713:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2628:Bilal Xhaferri
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2598:Tahir Muhedini
2595:
2593:Shpëtim Idrizi
2590:
2588:Muhamet Kyçyku
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2103:Cham Albanians
2099:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2034:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2006:
1991:
1977:
1971:
1956:
1950:
1935:
1929:
1914:
1908:
1893:
1886:
1880:
1864:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1822:
1816:
1801:
1776:
1759:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1709:
1700:
1688:
1681:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1627:
1607:
1591:
1584:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1522:
1500:
1488:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1412:
1375:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1298:
1282:
1265:
1239:
1227:
1212:
1190:
1175:
1162:
1150:
1127:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1071:
1059:
1046:
1026:
1013:
1006:
988:
968:
960:
940:
914:
902:
888:
882:978-1476667843
881:
861:
846:
831:
814:
799:
787:
770:
753:
733:
731:
728:
720:Hostages Trial
666:
663:
653:Foreign Office
625:Main article:
622:
619:
602:
599:
571:
568:
541:Main article:
538:
535:
509:
506:
476:
473:
430:
427:
415:blood-brothers
401:
398:
396:
393:
300:
297:
234:personal union
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
136:paramilitary,
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
96:
92:
91:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
37:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5821:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5543:Baltic states
5541:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5514:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:Golden Square
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Golden Square
5288:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5267:Blue Division
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5240:Cham Albanian
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5167:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:Commemoration
4988:
4984:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:Angelos Evert
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4940:Ronald Scobie
4938:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4833:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:13th Squadron
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4398:Prometheus II
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4381:5/42 Regiment
4379:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:Organizations
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:Organizations
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3932:Andon Kalchev
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:Secessionists
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:Organizations
3865:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3737:The Holocaust
3734:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Sepp Dietrich
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Thomas Blamey
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Ugo Cavallero
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:Markos Drakos
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Korytsa/Korcë
2734:
2732:
2731:Elaia–Kalamas
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:Hasan Tahsini
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Iso-poliphony
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2220:Organizations
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2037:
2035:9781780760001
2031:
2028:. IB Tauris.
2027:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:. Routledge.
1830:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1765:
1760:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1718:
1713:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1682:9783447055444
1678:
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936:0-691-05842-3
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494:
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485:forced labour
482:
472:
468:
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457:
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443:Great Albania
440:
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175:
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134:Cham Albanian
132:
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107:
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84:firing squads
81:
78:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
27:
22:
17:
5727:Soviet Union
5615:(until 1944)
5380:Afrika Korps
5285:(until 1944)
5239:
5134:
5121:
5113:
5108:Mediterraneo
5106:
5099:
5085:
5071:
5064:
4924:White Terror
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4451:Agia Kyriaki
4441:ESPO bombing
4423:
4195:Sarantaporos
4165:Mikro Chorio
3938:
3905:Roman Legion
3750:Thessaloniki
3698:Great Famine
3686:exploitation
3541:Asen Sirakov
3459:Carlo Geloso
3454:Piero Parini
3403:Bruno Bräuer
3368:Army Group E
3262:Luftflotte 4
3144:Kurt Student
3134:Wilhelm List
3007:Metaxas Line
2889:Carlo Geloso
2879:Ubaldo Soddu
2756:Klisura Pass
2639:
2623:Jakup Veseli
2326:
2182:
2039:. Retrieved
2024:
1996:
1982:
1961:
1940:
1919:
1898:
1869:
1848:
1827:
1806:
1793:. Retrieved
1788:
1784:
1768:. Retrieved
1751:. Retrieved
1737:
1712:
1703:
1691:
1671:
1664:
1657:Mazower 2000
1652:
1640:
1632:
1617:
1610:
1600:
1594:
1574:
1567:
1543:
1534:
1527:. Retrieved
1513:
1503:
1491:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1400:. Retrieved
1388:
1378:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1278:Fischer 1999
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1246:Baltsiotis.
1242:
1230:
1223:Mazower 2000
1170:
1169:Baltsiotis.
1165:
1153:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1036:
1029:
1021:
1020:Baltsiotis.
1016:
997:
991:
983:
950:
943:
938:, pp. 25–26.
926:
905:
871:
864:
697:
686:Josef Remold
674:
656:
649:
645:
630:
604:
589:
583:
578:
576:
573:
563:
554:
550:firing squad
546:
524:
522:
511:
480:
478:
469:
453:
432:
411:
403:
389:World War II
386:
374:
370:
366:
346:
334:
326:
302:
289:
255:
249:
210:collaborated
197:
171:
166:Plain murder
130:Perpetrators
110:
98:
5732:Byelorussia
5702:Philippines
5692:Netherlands
5385:Ostlegionen
5204:Axis forces
4912:Dekemvriana
4878: [
4853:Prelude to
4798:Papanikolis
4771:Sacred Band
4675:Wadi Akarit
4665:Mareth Line
4536:Eddie Myers
4185:Fardykambos
4017:Front (EAM)
4003:Free Greece
3949:Xhemil Dino
3723: [
3636:Kallikratis
3532: [
3520: [
3517:Ivan Markov
3476: [
3387:Hubert Lanz
3323:Leaders and
3022:Thermopylae
2746:Morava–Ivan
2578:Shahin Dino
2558:Abedin Dino
2548:Rexhep Demi
2528:Refo Çapari
2496:Individuals
2457:Pandalejmon
2422:Mousiotitsa
2417:Parapotamos
2412:Thesprotiko
2382:Igoumenitsa
2340:Settlements
712:Hubert Lanz
704:in absentia
689: [
586:Hubert Lanz
460:Xhemil Dino
439:Nazi German
437:as well as
417:. With the
353:Balkan Wars
318:Islamicized
281:in absentia
222:Nazi German
220:as well as
172:During the
111:In Albania:
80:Mass murder
75:Attack type
5788:Categories
5682:Luxembourg
4887:Red Terror
4680:Dodecanese
4670:El Alamein
4575:Operations
4495:Atrocities
4434:Operations
4234:Atrocities
4220:Agorelitsa
4148:Operations
3999:Resistance
3967:Paramythia
3960:Atrocities
3793:government
3755:Zvi Koretz
3675:Chortiatis
3640:Kali Sykia
3554:Atrocities
3490:XXVI Corps
3419:Max Merten
2761:Trebeshina
2618:Osman Taka
2603:Teme Sejko
2583:Veli Gërra
2573:Rasih Dino
2563:Ahmed Dino
2553:Tahir Demi
2543:Niazi Demi
2523:Thoma Çami
2518:Qamil Çami
2513:Hamdi Çami
2487:Karvounari
2462:Mavronoros
2407:Derviziana
2387:Katavothra
2372:Paramythia
2323:Magazines
1717:Meyer 2008
1548:Meyer 2008
1496:Meyer 2008
1484:Meyer 2008
1469:Meyer 2008
1457:Meyer 2008
1445:Meyer 2008
1435:: 204, 464
1433:Meyer 2008
1186:Meyer 2008
1053:2008-03-29
910:Meyer 2008
857:Meyer 2008
842:Meyer 2008
827:Meyer 2008
810:Meyer 2008
783:Meyer 2008
766:Meyer 2008
749:Meyer 2008
730:References
716:Paramythia
710:, General
677:war crimes
669:See also:
456:Paramythia
327:Given the
309:Thesprotia
299:Background
273:guerrillas
226:the region
180:minority (
99:In Greece:
40:Thesprotia
5759:(limited)
5662:Indonesia
5640:Indochina
5590:Manchukuo
5558:Lithuania
5516:Lists by
5421:Gakutotai
5202:Lists by
4855:Civil War
4842:civil war
4700:Santorini
4471:Xirovouni
4424:others...
4251:Meligalas
3655:Kleisoura
3616:Mesovouno
3601:Domenikon
3591:Lingiades
3586:Kalavryta
3571:Alikianos
3561:Kondomari
3468:11th Army
3314:Occupying
2965:11th Army
2640:Arvanites
2538:Musa Demi
2508:Aziz Çami
2477:Margariti
2447:Kanallaki
2124:Souliotes
1696:King 2005
1645:King 2005
1471:: 469-471
1123:King 2005
1067:Frei 2006
682:Niri Dino
498:Nuri Dino
489:Kanallaki
404:When the
232:(then in
228:would be
212:with the
200:) in the
61:1941-1944
5764:Thailand
5744:Chechnya
5722:Slovakia
5645:Cambodia
5595:Mongolia
5570:Bulgaria
5463:Makapili
5411:Chinilpa
5397:Japanese
5272:Chetniks
4791:Katsonis
4650:in exile
3944:Këshilla
3710:DEGRIGES
3684:Economic
3566:Kandanos
3509:Bulgaria
3325:commands
2960:9th Army
2771:Hill 731
2568:Ali Dino
2533:Ali Demi
2442:Anthousa
2377:Filiates
2356:Konispol
2352:Konispol
2347:Chameria
2188:Këshilla
2148:Këshilla
2051:See also
700:Ioannina
658:andartes
641:EAM-ELAS
635:(EDES),
595:Konispol
590:Horridoh
579:Augustus
525:Augustus
481:Augustus
465:Këshilla
448:Filiates
357:Interwar
314:Orthodox
305:Chameria
251:Këshilla
198:Tsamides
194:Τσάμηδες
182:Albanian
139:Këshilla
48:Konispol
36:Location
5749:Ukraine
5737:Belarus
5712:Romania
5655:Vietnam
5630:Hungary
5612:Finland
5607:Denmark
5602:Croatia
5565:Belgium
5548:Estonia
5526:Albania
5218:Italian
5017:Museums
5008:Ohi Day
4518: (
4476:Trahili
4175:Meritsa
3645:Anogeia
3631:Viannos
3626:Vorizia
3606:Drakeia
3596:Distomo
3581:Kommeno
3340:Germany
3244:Germany
3126:Germany
3036:Leaders
2995:Battles
2782:Leaders
2741:Saranda
2719:Battles
2472:Perdika
2427:Sagiada
2277:Culture
2111:History
1726:Sources
1536:refused
1280:: 75-76
1024:. 2011.
502:Acheron
458:, with
377:Albania
329:Ottoman
242:Albania
161:Verdict
122:Victims
52:Albania
5769:Taiwan
5717:Serbia
5707:Poland
5697:Norway
5687:Malaya
5625:Greece
5620:France
5580:Ceylon
5553:Latvia
5213:German
5001:Events
4933:People
4863:Events
4784:Adrias
4709:People
4690:Rimini
4529:People
4486:Dodona
4481:Menina
4403:Apollo
4281:People
4256:Kilkis
4215:Steiri
4025:People
3927:Ohrana
3801:People
3650:Kedros
3621:Pyrgoi
3576:Doxato
3316:powers
3174:Greece
3051:Greece
2917:Greece
2797:Greece
2751:Himara
2726:Pindus
2482:Kastri
2432:Syvota
2402:Kranea
2397:Louros
2392:Fanari
2365:Janjar
2360:Markat
2308:Dance
2288:Music
2032:
2004:
1969:
1948:
1927:
1906:
1878:
1856:
1835:
1814:
1795:10 May
1679:
1625:
1582:
1529:10 May
1520:
1402:10 May
1296:p. 283
1237:: 157.
1044:
1004:
958:
934:
879:
382:Kosovo
349:Epirus
248:named
206:Greece
153:Motive
95:Deaths
66:Target
44:Greece
5756:Spain
5677:Korea
5672:Italy
5635:India
5585:China
5575:Burma
5436:Heiho
4882:]
4456:Milia
4190:Porta
3727:]
3536:]
3524:]
3480:]
3436:Italy
3158:Units
3027:Crete
2952:Italy
2902:Units
2856:Italy
2467:Vrinë
2452:Parga
2437:Xarrë
2158:Issue
2041:9 May
1987:(PDF)
1770:7 May
1753:7 May
1719:: 472
1647:: 218
1550:: 218
1498:: 498
1486:: 476
1459:: 469
1261:HAMFA
1188:: 152
1160:: 157
1069:: 483
859:: 539
844:: 537
829:: 473
812:: 207
785:: 204
768:: 620
751:: 464
693:]
347:Once
260:Greek
190:Greek
108:: 201
101:1,065
5667:Iraq
5650:Laos
5478:PETA
5295:Hiwi
5189:and
5128:film
5093:film
5079:film
4695:Symi
4160:Ryka
4112:and
4001:and
3703:GWRA
3638:and
3461:and
3405:and
3012:Vevi
2827:and
2043:2015
2030:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1854:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1812:ISBN
1797:2015
1791:(29)
1772:2015
1755:2015
1698:: 67
1677:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1580:ISBN
1531:2015
1518:ISBN
1404:2015
1225:: 25
1125:: 87
1042:ISBN
1002:ISBN
956:ISBN
932:ISBN
877:ISBN
530:EDES
186:Çamë
58:Date
5215:and
4520:SOE
1871:War
1742:doi
1393:doi
1110:II.
661:".
113:550
82:by
5790::
4880:el
3725:el
3534:bg
3522:bg
3478:it
3401:,
1787:.
1783:.
1736:.
1631:.
1555:^
1533:.
1512:.
1476:^
1406:.
1387:.
1301:^
1285:^
1268:^
1215:^
1193:^
1178:^
1139:.
1115:^
1074:^
971:^
917:^
891:^
849:^
834:^
817:^
802:^
790:^
773:^
756:^
737:^
691:de
552:.
425:.
216:.
208:,
196:,
192::
188:,
184::
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2660:v
2126:(
2095:e
2088:t
2081:v
2045:.
2010:.
1975:.
1954:.
1933:.
1912:.
1884:.
1862:.
1841:.
1820:.
1799:.
1789:4
1774:.
1757:.
1744::
1685:.
1659::
1588:.
1395::
1145:3
1056:.
1010:.
978:"
964:.
885:.
463:(
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