Catalonia - Knowledge

9825:(nativity scene) in the home or in shop windows, the latter sometimes competing in originality or sheer size and detail. Churches often host exhibits of numerous dioramas by nativity scene makers, or a single nativity scene they put out, and town halls generally put out a nativity scene in the central square. In Barcelona, every year, the main nativity scene is designed by different artists, and often ends up being an interesting, post-modern or conceptual and strange creation. In the home, the nativity scene often consists of strips of cork bark to represent cliffs or mountains in the background, moss as grass in the foreground, some wood chips or other as dirt, and aluminum foil for rivers and lakes. The traditional figurines often included are the three wise men on camels or horses, which are moved every day or so to go closer to the manger, a star with a long tail in the background to lead people to the spot, the annunciation with shepherds having a meal and an angel appearing (hanging from something), a washer lady washing clothes in the pond, sheep, ducks, people carrying packages on their backs, a donkey driver with a load of twigs, and atrezzo such as a starry sky, miniature towns placed in the distance, either Oriental-styled or local-looking, a bridge over the river, trees, etc. 3175: 7086: 7129: 3067: 9290: 2768: 6429: 3672: 9836:, a person depicted in the act of defecating. This figurine is hidden in some corner of the nativity scene and the game is to detect it. Of course, churches forgo this figurine, and the main nativity scene of Barcelona, for instance, likewise does not feature it. The caganer is so popular it has, together with the tió, long been a major part of the Christmas markets, where they come in the guise of your favorite politicians or other famous people, as well as the traditional figures of a Catalan farmer. People often buy a figurine of a caganer in the guise of a famous person they are actually fond of, contrary to what one would imagine, though sometimes people buy a caganer in the guise of someone they dislike, although this means they have to look at them in the home. 8930:

to display all information (e.g. menus, posters) at least in Catalan, this not systematically enforced. There is no obligation to display this information in either Occitan or Spanish, although there is no restriction on doing so in these or other languages. The use of fines was introduced in a 1997 linguistic law that aims to increase the public use of Catalan and defend the rights of Catalan speakers. On the other hand, the Spanish Constitution does not recognize equal language rights for national minorities since it enshrined Spanish as the only official language of the state, the knowledge of which being compulsory. Numerous laws regarding for instance the labelling of pharmaceutical products, make in effect Spanish the only language of compulsory use.

9102: 10677: 2905: 5130: 2034: 6344: 20053: 5939: 10297: 2153: 9011: 947: 5833: 985: 6058: 5803: 167: 9111: 5947: 2638: 222: 9683: 20143: 20083: 7803: 10635: 5910: 4056: 10595: 10617: 2104: 20098: 9180: 9753: 8059: 5864: 20023: 5046: 3283: 7076: 19948: 20113: 4796: 2914: 5880: 5818: 20008: 19963: 19978: 2338: 2435: 9278: 4639: 5788: 10774: 6790: 6765: 6706: 6599: 8011: 8187: 6154: 9843:, meaning Three Kings Day. This is every important in Catalonia and the Catalan-speaking areas, and families go to watch major parades on the eve of the Epiphany, where they can greet the kings and watch them pass by in pomp and circumstance, on floats and preceded and followed by pages, musicians, dancers, etc. They often give the kings letters with their gift requests, which are collected by the pages. On the next day, the children find the gifts the three kings brought for them. 5849: 155: 19903: 3759: 7139: 9020: 20620: 3769: 10926: 6069: 1822: 5895: 5067: 5958: 18749: 20128: 8107: 20038: 19993: 8091: 8027: 8155: 8123: 7851: 19933: 8139: 7899: 7835: 10938: 7963: 7915: 7883: 20192: 20068: 17996: 9812: 8749: 8171: 7979: 7787: 7771: 4941: 9675: 2696: 10971: 5376: 19167: 19918: 20179: 19181: 3593: 20160: 6874: 8075: 4773: 7995: 6514: 8043: 7931: 7867: 10957: 232: 7819: 4815: 1692: 7947: 6188:. That happened after the Spanish government passed a law allowing companies to move their registered office without requiring the approval of the company's general meeting of shareholders. Overall, there was a negative net relocation rate of companies based in Catalonia moving to other autonomous communities of Spain. From the 2017 independence referendum until the end of 2018, for example, Catalonia lost 5454 288: 2496: 3007: 5026:

articles that the People's Party had contested, while declaring 14 articles unconstitutional in whole or in part and imposing a restrictive interpretation on 27 others. The court accepted the specific provision that described Catalonia as a "nation", however ruled that it was a historical and cultural term with no legal weight, and that Spain remained the only nation recognised by the constitution.

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following the passage of the law on Catalan cinema in March 2010, which established that half of the movies shown in Catalan cinemas had to be in Catalan, a general strike of 75% of the cinemas took place. The Catalan government gave in and dropped the clause that forced 50% of the movies to be dubbed or subtitled in Catalan before the law came to effect. On the other hand, organisations such as

3552: 2960:) culminated in the defeat of the first ones in 1937. The situation resolved itself progressively in favor of the Generalitat, but at the same time the Generalitat lost most of its autonomous powers within Republican Spain. In 1938 Franco's troops broke the Republican territory in two, isolating Catalonia from the rest of the Republican territory. The defeat of the Republican army in the 3171:. In 2010, the Court declared non-valid some of the articles that established an autonomous Catalan system of Justice, improved aspects of the financing, a new territorial division, the status of Catalan language or the symbolical declaration of Catalonia as a nation. This decision was severely contested by large sectors of Catalan society, which increased the demands of independence. 3448: 9880: 9462: 4672:. The Generalitat holds exclusive jurisdiction in education, health, culture, environment, communications, transportation, commerce, public safety and local government, and only shares jurisdiction with the Spanish government in justice. In all, some analysts argue that formally the current system grants Catalonia with "more self-government than almost any other corner in Europe". 5327:, which report directly to the Homeland Department of Spain. The national bodies retain personnel within Catalonia to exercise functions of national scope such as overseeing ports, airports, coasts, international borders, custom offices, the identification of documents and arms control, immigration control, terrorism prevention, arms trafficking prevention, amongst others. 2664:. The rejection of French dominion was institutionalized with the creation of "juntas" (councils) who, remaining loyal to the Bourbons, exercised the sovereignty and representation of the territory due to the disappearance of the old institutions. Napoleon took direct control of Catalonia to reestablish order, creating the Government of Catalonia under the rule of 10147: 5655:) are entities composed of municipalities to internally manage their responsibilities and services. The current regional division has its roots in a decree of the Generalitat de Catalunya of 1936, in effect until 1939, when it was suppressed by Franco. In 1987 the Catalan Government reestablished the comarcal division and in 1988 three new comarques were added ( 9808:, a game is played where children march around the house singing a song requesting the log to poop, then they hit the log with a stick, to make it poop, and lo and behold, as if through magic, it poops candy, and sometimes other small gifts. Usually, the larger or main gifts are brought by the Three Kings on 6 January, and the tió only brings small things. 2692:; the latter proposed to reestablish the institutional systems suppressed by the Nueva Planta decrees in the ancient realms of the Crown of Aragon. The consolidation of the liberal state saw a new provincial division of Spain, including Catalonia, which was divided into four provinces (Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona). 8901: 4994:, but that "the Spanish Constitution recognizes Catalonia's national reality as a nationality". While the Statute was approved by and sanctioned by both the Catalan and Spanish parliaments, and later by referendum in Catalonia, it has been subject to a legal challenge by the surrounding autonomous communities of 9543: 3114:, created in 1983. An extensive program of normalization of Catalan language was carried out. Today, Catalonia remains one of the most economically dynamic communities of Spain. The Catalan capital and largest city, Barcelona, is a major international cultural centre and a major tourist destination. In 1992, 8929:

Today, Catalan is the main language of the Catalan autonomous government and the other public institutions that fall under its jurisdiction. Basic public education is given mainly in Catalan, but also there are some hours per week of Spanish medium instruction. Although businesses are required by law

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Over the next few centuries, the Principality of Catalonia was generally on the losing side of a series of wars that led steadily to an increased centralization of power in Spain. Despite this fact, between the 16th and 18th centuries, the participation of the political community in the local and the

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in Spanish) has been supported by the vast majority of Catalan political parties through the last thirty years. Some groups consider these efforts a way to discourage the use of Spanish, whereas some others, including the Catalan government and the European Union consider the policies respectful, or

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to serve for a four-year period. According to the Statute of Autonomy, it has powers to legislate over devolved matters such as education, health, culture, internal institutional and territorial organization, nomination of the President of the Generalitat and control the Government, budget and other

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gave more or less the same results. Other polls have shown lower support for independence, ranging from 40 to 49%. Although it is established in the whole of the territory, support for independence is significantly higher in the hinterland and the northeast, away from the more populous coastal areas

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is a form of ancestral Catalan wisdom or sensibleness. It involves well-pondered perception of situations, level-headedness, awareness, integrity, and right action. Many Catalans consider seny something unique to their culture, is based on a set of ancestral local customs stemming from the scale of

8850:, with about 18,000 users in Catalonia, is granted official recognition and support: "The public authorities shall guarantee the use of Catalan sign language and conditions of equality for deaf people who choose to use this language, which shall be the subject of education, protection and respect." 8802:

which declares it to be "Catalonia's own language", a term which signifies a language given special legal status within a Spanish territory, or which is historically spoken within a given region. The other languages with official status in Catalonia are Spanish, which has official status throughout

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2016, 47.7% of Catalans would vote for independence and 42.4% against it while, about the question of preferences, according to the CEO opinion poll from March 2016, a 57.2 claim to be "absolutely" or "fairly" in favour of independence. Other polls have shown lower support for independence, ranging

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Both the 1979 Statute of Autonomy and the current one, approved in 2006, state that "Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an Autonomous Community in accordance with the Constitution and with the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which is its basic institutional

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million annual visitors), a rate of urbanization and even of major metropolisation which has led to a strong urban sprawl: two thirds of Catalans live in the urban area of Barcelona, while the proportion of urban land increased from 4.2% in 1993 to 6.2% in 2009, a growth of 48.6% in sixteen years,

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The inland part of Catalonia is hotter and drier in summer. Temperature may reach 35 °C (95 °F), some days even 40 °C (104 °F). Nights are cooler there than at the coast, with the temperature of around 14–17 °C (57–63 °F). Fog is not uncommon in valleys and plains; it

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Catalonia is the autonomous community, along with Madrid, that has the most media (TV, magazines, newspapers etc.). In Catalonia there is a wide variety of local and comarcal media. With the restoration of democracy, many newspapers and magazines, until then in the hands of the Franco government,

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Catalan was banned from schools and all other official use, so that for example families were not allowed to officially register children with Catalan names. Although never completely banned, Catalan language publishing was severely restricted during the early 1940s, with only religious texts and

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After the transition to democracy (1975–1978) and the restoration of the Generalitat (1977), literary life and the editorial market have returned to normality and literary production in Catalan is being bolstered with a number of language policies intended to protect Catalan culture. Besides the

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people and in 1970 it was 5,122,567. The sizeable increase of the population was due to the demographic boom in Spain during the 1960s and early 1970s as well as in consequence of large-scale internal migration from the rural economically weak regions to its more prospering industrial cities. In

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The Catalan capital, despite the current moment of crisis, is also one of the European bases of "reference for start-ups" and the fifth city in the world to establish one of these companies, behind London, Berlin, Paris and Amsterdam, according to the Eu-Starts-Up 2020 study. Barcelona is behind

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The fauna of Catalonia comprises a minority of animals endemic to the region and a majority of non-endemic animals. Much of Catalonia enjoys a Mediterranean climate (except mountain areas), which makes many of the animals that live there adapted to Mediterranean ecosystems. Of mammals, there are

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The Catalan Mediterranean system is based on two ranges running roughly parallel to the coast (southwest–northeast), called the Coastal and the Pre-Coastal Ranges. The Coastal Range is both the shorter and the lower of the two, while the Pre-Coastal is greater in both length and elevation. Areas

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with the aim to more effectively divide Catalonia administratively. In addition, vegueries are intended to become Catalonia's first-level administrative division and a full replacement for the four deputations of the Catalan provinces, creating a council for each vegueria, but this has not been

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has a more ambiguous position on the issue: on one hand, it demands a bilingual Catalan–Spanish education and a more balanced language policy that would defend Catalan without favoring it over Spanish, whereas on the other hand, a few local PP politicians have supported in their municipalities

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The law ensures that both Catalan and Spanish – being official languages – can be used by the citizens without prejudice in all public and private activities. The Generalitat uses Catalan in its communications and notifications addressed to the general population, but citizens can also receive

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In Catalonia, there is a high social and political consensus on the language policies favoring Catalan, also among Spanish speakers and speakers of other languages. However, some of these policies have been criticised for trying to promote Catalan by imposing fines on businesses. For example,

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assessed the disputed articles and on 28 June 2010, issued its judgment on the principal allegation of unconstitutionality presented by the People's Party in 2006. The judgment granted clear passage to 182 articles of the 223 that make up the fundamental text. The court approved 73 of the 114

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In the Mediterranean area, summers are dry and hot with sea breezes, and the maximum temperature is around 26–31 °C (79–88 °F). Winter is cool or slightly cold depending on the location. It snows frequently in the Pyrenees, and it occasionally snows at lower altitudes, even by the

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is one of the main powers of the Iberian Peninsula. The Catalans won triumphs in waterpolo competitions at European and world level by club (the Barcelona was champion of Europe in 1981/82 and the Catalonia in 1994/95) and national team (one gold and one silver in Olympic Games and World

2255:, despite the opposition of king James. This treaty confirmed, from French point of view, the independence of the Catalan counties established and exercised during the previous three centuries, but also meant the irremediable separation between the geographical areas of Catalonia and 2865:(1933–1940), sought to implement a modernizing and progressive social agenda, despite the internal difficulties. This period was marked by political unrest, the effects of the economic crisis and their social repercussions. The Statute of Autonomy was suspended in 1934, due to the 3611:(southern from the Axial) which are mountainous formations parallel to the main mountain ranges but with lower altitudes, less steep and a different geological formation. The highest mountain of Catalonia, located north of the comarca of Pallars Sobirà is the Pica d'Estats (3,143 9946:

Art music was first developed, up to the nineteenth century and, as in much of Europe, in a liturgical setting, particularly marked by the Escolania de Montserrat. The main Western musical trends have marked these productions, medieval monodies or polyphonies, with the work of

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on a small scale. Just over 30,000 square kilometres (12,000 square miles) hosting a variety of substrates, soils, climates, directions, altitudes and distances to the sea. The area is of great ecological diversity and a remarkable wealth of landscapes, habitats and species.

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After Franco's death in 1975, Catalonia voted for the adoption of a democratic Spanish Constitution in 1978, in which Catalonia recovered political and cultural autonomy, restoring the Generalitat (exiled since the end of the Civil War in 1939) in 1977 and adopting a

207: 3655:. Lowlands alternate with the Coastal and Pre-Coastal Ranges. The Coastal Lowland is located to the East of the Coastal Range between it and the coast, while the Pre-Coastal Lowlands are located inland, between the Coastal and Pre-Coastal Ranges, and includes the 2189:, count of Barcelona (1035–1076) in the negotiations with the rebel nobility resulted in the partial restoration of the comital authority under the new feudal order. To fulfill that purpose, Ramon Berenguer began the modification of the legislation in the written 2180:

onwards) as independent of the Capetian crown whom they regarded as usurpers of the Carolingian Frankish realm. At the beginning of eleventh century the Catalan counties experienced an important process of feudalisation, however, the efforts of church's sponsored

948: 2719:. This process was a consequence of the conditions of proto-industrialisation of textile production in the prior two centuries, growing capital from wine and brandy export, and was later boosted by the government support for domestic manufacturing. In 1832, the 8838:

2006, when the new Statute came into force, Occitan became official throughout Catalonia. Occitan is the mother tongue of 22.4% of the population of Val d'Aran, which has attracted heavy immigration from other Spanish regions to work in the service industry.

9777:. On the 25th, Christmas is celebrated, followed by a similar feast on the 26, called Sant Esteve (Saint Steve's Day). This allows families to visit and dine with different sectors of the extended family or get together with friends on the second day. 2587:

of 1707, 1715 and 1716, incorporating the realms of the Crown of Aragon, including the Principality of Catalonia in 1716, as provinces of the Crown of Castile, terminating their status as separate states along with their parliaments, institutions and

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As a coastal territory, Catalonia became the base of the Aragonese Crown's maritime forces, which spread the power of the Crown in the Mediterranean, turning Barcelona into a powerful and wealthy city. In the period of 1164–1410, new territories, the

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The Central Catalan Depression is a plain located between the Pyrenees and Pre-Coastal Mountains. Elevation ranges from 200 to 600 metres (660 to 1,970 feet). The plains and the water that descend from the Pyrenees have made it fertile territory for

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The hydrographic network can be divided in two sectors, an occidental slope or Ebro river slope and one oriental slope constituted by minor rivers that flow to the Mediterranean along the Catalan coast. The first slope provides an average of 18,700

986: 2583:. Philip felt that he had been betrayed by the Catalan Courts, as it had initially sworn its loyalty to him when he had presided over it in 1701. In retaliation for the betrayal, and inspired by the French model, the first Bourbon king enacted the 17171: 4839:

2010 decision to declare part of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia unconstitutional, as well as the fact that Catalonia contributes 19.49% of the central government's tax revenue, but only receives 14.03% of central government's spending.

3054:. During this period there was a spectacular growth of industry and tourism in Catalonia that drew large numbers of workers to the region from across Spain and made the area around Barcelona one of Europe's largest industrial metropolitan areas. 12397: 13616: 8866:

small-run self-published texts being released. Some books were published clandestinely or circumvented the restrictions by showing publishing dates prior to 1936. This policy was changed in 1946, when restricted publishing in Catalan resumed.

2330:, which established a compilation of rights for the inhabitants of the Principality. In order to collect general taxes, the Catalan Courts of 1359 established a permanent representative body, known as the "Deputation of the General" or 13425: 8973:

reported different violations of the linguistic rights of the Catalan speakers in Catalonia and the other Catalan-speaking territories in Spain, most of them caused by the institutions of the Spanish government in these territories.

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Catalan gastronomy has a long culinary tradition. Various local food recipes have been described in documents dating from the fifteenth century. As with all the cuisines of the Mediterranean, Catatonian dishes make abundant use of

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of Spain to the desire for independence from the rest of Spain, expressed by Catalan independentists. The first survey following the Constitutional Court ruling that cut back elements of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy, published by

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The years after the war were extremely hard. Catalonia, like many other parts of Spain, had been devastated by the war. Recovery from the war damage was slow and made more difficult by the international trade embargo and the

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against international opposition, organizing friendly matches. In the recent years they have played with Bulgaria, Argentina, Brazil, Basque Country, Colombia, Nigeria, Cape Verde and Tunisia. The biggest football clubs are

3102:(CiU), a center-right Catalan nationalist electoral coalition, with Pujol re-elected until 2003. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the institutions of Catalan autonomy were deployed, among them an autonomous police force, the 2099:

in the south of the Frankish Empire in the former province of Septimania and in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to act as a defensive barrier for the Frankish Empire against further Muslim invasions from Al-Andalus.

10484:. Various Catalan Sports Federations have a long tradition and some of them participated in the foundation of international sports federations, as the Catalan Federation of Rugby, that was one of the founder members of the 5696:. The latter, although previously (and still informally) considered a comarca, obtained in 1990 a particular status within Catalonia due to its differences in culture and language, being administered by a body known as the 2596:

kingdom of Spain. In the second half of the 17th century and the 18th century (excluding the parentesis of the Succession War and the post-war inestability) Catalonia carried out a successful process of economic growth and

16971: 5196:) is the highest representative of Catalonia, and is also responsible of leading the government's action, presiding the Executive Council. Since the restoration of the Generalitat on the return of democracy in Spain, the 3919:

complemented with a dense network of transport infrastructure. This is accompanied by a certain agricultural abandonment (decrease of 15% of all areas cultivated in Catalonia between 1993 and 2009) and a global threat to

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The city of Barcelona occupies the eighth position as one of the world's best cities to live, work, research and visit in 2021, according to the report "The World's Best Cities 2021", prepared by Resonance Consultancy.

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Since 2011 when the question started to be regularly surveyed by the governmental Center for Public Opinion Studies (CEO), support for Catalan independence has been on the rise. According to the CEO opinion poll from

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Franco's regime banned the use of Catalan in government-run institutions and during public events, and the Catalan institutions of self-government were abolished. The pro-Republic of Spain president of Catalonia,

16721:"High Level Group on Multilingualism – Final Report: from the Commission of the European Communities in which Catalan immersion is taken as an example which "should be disseminated throughout the Union" (p. 18)" 14697: 3938:

Faced with these problems, Catalan authorities initiated several measures whose purpose is to protect natural ecosystems. Thus, in 1990, the Catalan government created the Nature Conservation Council (Catalan:

18935: 10399:(Museu del Cinema – Col.lecció Tomàs Mallol in Catalan) of Girona is home of important permanent exhibitions of cinema and pre-cinema objects. Other important institutions for the promotion of cinema are the 10396: 3909:

The majority of Catalan population is concentrated in 30% of the territory, mainly in the coastal plains. Intensive agriculture, livestock farming and industrial activities have been accompanied by a massive

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is conditioned by the Mediterranean coast, with 580 kilometres (360 miles) of coastline, and the towering Pyrenees along the long northern border. Catalonia is divided into three main geomorphological units:

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The development of these infrastructures, resulting from the topography and history of the Catalan territory, responds strongly to the administrative and political organization of this autonomous community.

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had been forbidden but was permitted from the early 1950s in the theatre. Despite the ban during the first years and the difficulties of the next period, publishing in Catalan continued throughout his rule.

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Cingolani, Stefano Maria (2006). "Seguir les Vestígies dels Antecessors. Llinatge, Reialesa i Historiografia a Catalunya des de Ramon Berenguer IV a Pere II (1131-1285)", Anuario de Estudios Medievales, p

19133: 13964: 13112: 2948:. During the war, there were two rival powers in Catalonia: the de jure power of the Generalitat and the de facto power of the armed popular militias. Violent confrontations between the workers' parties ( 18930: 15396: 14554: 6192:

companies to other parts of Spain (mainly Madrid), 2359 only in 2018, gaining 467 new ones from the rest of the country during 2018. It has been reported that the Spanish government and the Spanish King

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century (chronicles written between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries narrating the deeds of the monarchs and leading figures of the Crown of Aragon) and the subsequent Golden Age of the 14th and

5251:), is the body responsible of the government of the Generalitat, it holds executive and regulatory power, being accountable to the Catalan Parliament. It comprises the President of the Generalitat, the 2975:, whose first ten-year rule was particularly violent, autocratic, and repressive both in a political, cultural, social, and economical sense. In Catalonia, any kind of public activities associated with 12390: 3945:), an advisory body with the aim to study, protect and manage the natural environments and landscapes of Catalonia. In addition, the Generalitat has carried out the Plan of Spaces of Natural Interest ( 3174: 15541: 13612: 1213:

which, like in the other realms of the Crown of Aragon, suppressed Catalan institutions and legislation. As a consequence, Catalan as a language of government and literature was eclipsed by Spanish.

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politics of Franco's regime. By the late 1950s, the region had recovered its pre-war economic levels and in the 1960s was the second-fastest growing economy in the world in what became known as the

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Catalan and Occitan (Aranese in Aran) are the languages of Catalonia and Aran (respectively) and official languages of the autonomous community of Catalonia according with its Statute of Autonomy.

9792:, consisting of an (often hollow) log with a face painted on it and often two little front legs appended, usually wearing a Catalan hat and scarf. The word has nothing to do with the Spanish word 18998: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18968: 18963: 18958: 13175: 11440:

Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an autonomous community, in accordance with the Constitution and with this Statute, which is its basic institutional law.

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Sport has had a distinct importance in Catalan life and culture since the beginning of the 20th century; consequently, the region has a well-developed sports infrastructure. The main sports are

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The Catalan Pyrenees represent almost half in length of the Pyrenees, as it extends more than 200 kilometres (120 miles). Traditionally differentiated the Axial Pyrenees (the main part) and the

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which Spain in general and Catalonia in particular experienced in the first decade of the 21st century, many foreign languages are spoken in various cultural communities in Catalonia, of which

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Most of the justice system is administered by national judicial institutions, the highest body and last judicial instance in the Catalan jurisdiction, integrating the Spanish judiciary, is the

2295:. The expansion was accompanied by a great development of the Catalan trade, creating an extensive trade network across the Mediterranean which competed with those of the maritime republics of 13073: 10185:. In 2018, TV3 became the first television channel to be the most viewed one for nine consecutive years in Catalonia. State televisions that broadcast in Catalonia in Spanish language include 9846:

In addition to traditional local Catalan culture, traditions from other parts of Spain can be found as a result of migration from other regions, for instance the celebration of the Andalusian

7085: 19236: 18940: 18925: 18920: 18915: 18910: 18905: 18900: 18895: 18890: 18885: 18880: 18875: 18870: 18865: 17782: 9458:, considered as the "decadent" period in Catalan literature because of a general falling into disuse of the vernacular language in cultural contexts and lack of patronage among the nobility. 3266:, with sentences ranging from 9 to 13 years in prison. This decision sparked demonstrations around Catalonia. They were later pardoned by the Spanish government and left prison in June 2021. 15833: 13433: 12364: 5530:

as a new functional area differentiated of Ponent. After some opposition from some territories, it was made possible for the Aran Valley to retain its government (the vegueria is renamed to

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measures privileging Catalan over Spanish and it has defended some aspects of the official language policies, sometimes against the positions of its colleagues from other parts of Spain.

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means log in Catalan. The log is sometimes "found in the woods" (in an event staged for children) and then adopted and taken home, where it is fed and cared for during a month or so. On

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In the field of architecture were developed and adapted to Catalonia different artistic styles prevalent in Europe, leaving footprints in many churches, monasteries and cathedrals, of

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phenomenon has occurred with foreign immigration. Catalan cultural activity increased in the 1960s and the teaching of Catalan began thanks to the initiative of associations such as

6895:. Given the topography, most lines radiate from Barcelona. The city has both suburban and inter-city services. The main east coast line runs through the province connecting with the 5103: 2224:, in 1173, Catalonia was regarded as a legal entity for the first time, while the Usages of Barcelona were compiled in the process to turn them into the law and custom of Catalonia ( 205: 19081: 19076: 19071: 19066: 19061: 19056: 19051: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19026: 16257: 10557:

Motorsport has a long tradition in Catalonia, which involving many people, with some world champions and several competitions organized since the beginning of the 20th century. The

5486:, which is split in half between the demarcations of Lleida and Girona. This situation has led some isolated municipalities to request province changes from the Spanish government. 714: 17910: 16177: 3811:) per year, while the second only provides an average of 2,020 hm (0.48 cu mi)/year. The difference is due to the big contribution of the Ebro river, from which the 1264:, drawing many workers from across Spain, making Barcelona one of Europe's largest industrial metropolitan areas and turning Catalonia into a major tourist destination. During the 17141: 16625: 16599: 4259: 16967: 15218: 11401: 2760:(1873–1874) and the subsequent restoration of the Bourbon dynasty (1874), Catalan nationalism began to be organized politically under the leadership of the republican federalist 16357: 15797: 14666: 13903: 9710:, on the region of the Camp de Tarragona, during the 18th century, and later it was extended to the rest of the territory, especially in the late 20th century. The tradition of 6081: 13197: 17440: 16202: 14108: 13867: 8884:

to recover the use of Catalan and has, since 1983, enforced laws which attempt to protect and extend the use of Catalan. This policy, known as the "linguistic normalisation" (

6172:. However, in the aftermath of the referendum, many of them moved their registered office to other parts of Spain. That includes the two biggest Catalan banks at that moment, 4213: 15594: 2841:

from the Spanish Republic's Parliament, granting it a considerable degree of self-government, establishing an autonomous body, the Generalitat of Catalonia, which included a

2810:), lacking any legislative power or specific political autonomy, which carried out an ambitious program of modernization, but it was disbanded in 1925 by the dictatorship of 2735:

also saw the textile industry flourish in the countryside in the 1860s and 1870s. Although the policy of Spanish governments oscillated between free trade and protectionism,

1762:

BC, although the population was slower to develop fixed settlements than in other places, thanks to the abundance of woods, which allowed the continuation of a fundamentally

19163: 14046: 13742: 13671: 10336: 10093: 16993: 11373: 10742:

and was written in its present form by Emili Guanyavents in 1899. The song is official by law from 25 February 1993. It is based on the events of 1639 and 1640 during the

12430: 12016:

According to John Huxtable Elliott, "Between 1347 and 1497 the Principality had lost 37% of its inhabitants, and was reduced to a population of something like 300,000."

20665: 19870: 16107: 11059:

LSC was officially recognized as one of Catalonia's official languages on 3 June 2010 when Law 17/2010 of the Catalan Sign Language (LSC) was approved by the government.

3163:

The new Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, approved after a referendum in 2006, was contested by important sectors of the Spanish society, especially by the conservative

14978: 11972: 10594: 558: 19447: 14689: 12945: 10472:

Despite the fact that the most popular sports are represented at international level by the Spanish national teams, Catalonia plays as itself in some others, such as

20660: 17966: 16946: 15694: 6490: 2473:, but, in time, also carried the main burden of military expenses of the united Spanish kingdoms. After Isabella's death, Ferdinand II personally ruled both crowns. 1942:. Other important cities of the Roman period are Ilerda (Lleida), Dertosa (Tortosa), Gerunda (Girona) as well as the ports of Empuriæ (former Emporion) and Barcino ( 15632: 15030: 14928: 8869:

Rural–urban migration originating in other parts of Spain also reduced the social use of Catalan in urban areas and increased the use of Spanish. Lately, a similar

2533:. Within a brief period France took full control of Catalonia. Most of Catalonia was reconquered by the Spanish monarchy but Catalan rights were mostly recognised. 2513:. Tensions between Catalan institutions and the monarchy began to arise. The large and burdensome presence of the Spanish royal army in the Principality due to the 19439: 18444: 14394: 13014: 4649:

After Franco's death in 1975 and the adoption of a democratic constitution in Spain in 1978, Catalonia recovered and extended the powers that it had gained in the

691: 16145: 15515: 15269: 14174: 11833:

Guilaine, Jean; Michel Barbaza, David Geddes, Jean-Louis Vernet, Miguel Llongueras & Maria Hopf (1982). "Prehistoric Human Adaptations in Catalonia (Spain)",

10561:, built in 1991, is one of the main motorsport venues, holding the Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix, the Spanish F1 Grand Prix, a DTM race, and several other races. 6046:

amounting to almost a 2% contraction of its regional GDP in 2009. Catalonia's debt in 2012 was the highest of all Spain's autonomous communities, reaching €13,476

2564:, in his claim for the Spanish throne as Charles III of Spain. The fight between the houses of Bourbon and Habsburg for the Spanish Crown split Spain and Europe. 1283:

that was deemed unconstitutional by the Spanish state. The Spanish Senate voted in favour of enforcing direct rule by removing the Catalan government and calling

18715: 17501: 15663: 15387: 14545: 13960: 13096: 12170: 16653: 14082: 17463: 15427: 14775: 13490: 1326:) in the late 11th century and was probably used before as a territorial reference to the group of counties that comprised part of the March of Gothia and the 17115: 8981:, currently the main opposition party, has been one of the most consistent critics of the Catalan language policy within Catalonia. The Catalan branch of the 3965: 1291:

imprisoned seven former ministers of the Catalan government on charges of rebellion and misuse of public funds, while several others—including then-President

19303: 17814: 17172:"La Plataforma per la Llengua denuncia en un informe 40 casos greus de discriminació lingüística a les administracions públiques ocorreguts els darrers anys" 15571: 15537: 15449: 2629:. These nationalist policies, sometimes very aggressive, and still in force, have been and are the seed of repeated territorial conflicts within the state. 17410: 16720: 15309: 14416: 13258: 7128: 2736: 15060: 13925: 13037:"Recurso de inconstitucionalidad n.º 4334-2017, contra la Ley del Parlamento de Cataluña 19/2017, de 6 de septiembre, del Referéndum de Autodeterminación" 2802:, Catalonia gained a degree of administrative unity for the first time in the Modern era. In 1914, the four Catalan provinces were authorized to create a 2746:

current began to develop among the progressives, attrackting many Catalans who favored the federalisation of Spain. Meanwhile, the Catalan language saw a

20675: 20670: 19415: 16910: 15964: 15186: 10710:

of the Crown of Aragon, which consists of four red stripes on a golden background. It has been an official symbol since the Statute of Catalonia of 1932.

10498:), founded in 1933. The presence of Catalan. The presence of separate Catalan teams has caused disputes with Spanish sports institutions, as happened to 10403:(Premis Gaudí in Catalan, which replaced from 2009 Barcelona Film Awards themselves created in 2002), serving as equivalent for Catalonia to the Spanish 9986:

Modernisme also expressed in musical terms from the end of the 19th century onwards, mixing folkloric and post-romantic influences, through the works of

9937:

are characteristic in some marine localities of the Costa Brava, especially during the summer months when these songs are sung outdoors accompanied by a

4264: 13165: 3997: 2465:

maintained distinct territories, each keeping its own traditional institutions, parliaments, laws and currency. Castile commissioned expeditions to the

19399: 17531: 15737: 14377: 9956: 9081:, main representatives of the pictorial current of Catalan modernism from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, 6123: 5500:

Besides provinces, Catalonia is internally divided into eight regions or vegueries, based on the feudal administrative territorial jurisdiction of the

5197: 5014:

but, especially, on the Statute's alleged breaches of the principle of "solidarity between regions" in fiscal and educational matters enshrined by the

17224: 16888: 16862: 16836: 15341: 14855: 14606: 13785: 13759: 13594: 13348: 13227: 12000: 5319:

century. Since 1980 they have been under the command of the Generalitat, and since 1994 they have expanded in number in order to replace the national

2688:. Catalonia was divided, with the coastal and most industrialized areas supporting liberalism, while most of the countryside were in the hands of the 1544:. The name, originally derogatory, could have been reappropriated by Christians as an autonym. This is comparable to attested development of the term 15331: 13069: 12838: 11702: 10281:

Catalonia has a long tradition of use of radio, the first regular radio broadcast in the country was from Ràdio Barcelona in 1924. Today, the public

4167: 4127: 3234: 1256:

dictatorship enacted repressive measures, abolishing Catalan self-government and banning the official use of the Catalan language. After a period of

17772: 17049: 14802: 14495: 14439: 11784: 11231: 9318: 6150:

2012, Catalonia started charging a tourist tax. The revenue is used to promote tourism, and to maintain and upgrade tourism-related infrastructure.

20570: 20262: 17646: 16329: 15823: 15716: 14348: 14068: 13837: 12981: 12931: 12357: 12126: 5832: 3581:

The Catalan Coastal mountain ranges or the Catalan Mediterranean System: an alternating delevacions and planes parallel to the Mediterranean coast;

16011: 15762: 14899: 14286: 12874: 12460: 11868: 9539:) and the Francoist period, Catalan literature was maintained despite the repression against the Catalan language, being often produced in exile. 19863: 17835: 17250: 14885: 14832: 14719: 13992: 11753: 11510: 11076:

in 2010, which declared this definition without legal force. However, the definition was not modified nor suppressed, thus remaining in the text.

4611: 3830: 1766:

culture. An example of such settlements would be La Draga at Banyoles, an "early Neolithic village which dates from the end of the 6th millennium

15898: 15008: 14744: 14469: 14226: 11423: 11162: 10758:) is widely celebrated in all the towns of Catalonia on 23 April, and includes an exchange of books and roses between couples or family members. 9169: 8934:

information from the Generalitat in Spanish if they so wish. Debates in the Catalan Parliament take place almost exclusively in Catalan and the

5538:

is still used by the regional plan) and in 2016, the Catalan Parliament approved the eighth vegueria, Penedès, split from the Barcelona region.

3787:

and the one that comprises the internal basins of Catalonia (respectively covering 46.84% and 51.43% of the territory), all of them flow to the

3066: 2672:. The French troops evacuated Catalan territory at the end of 1814. After the Bourbon restoration in Spain and the death of the absolutist king 19612: 19231: 14521: 13372: 12553: 10499: 10343:. Later, horror films and thrillers have also emerged as a specialty of the Catalan film industry, thanks in particular to the vitality of the 10034: 3248: 2457:; subsequently, this event was seen by historiographers as the dawn of a unified Spain. At this time, though united by marriage, the Crowns of 527: 17027: 16221: 15485: 13542: 13043: 11199: 10307:

Regarding the cinema, after the democratic transition, three styles have dominated since then. First, auteur cinema, in the continuity of the

10286: 10121: 5283:(Junts) and is made up of 14 ministers, including the vice President, alongside to the president and a secretary of government, but in October 19155: 17803: 17311: 17201: 16245: 14431: 14263: 13464: 11749:

Badia i Margarit, Antoni, 1981, Gramàtica històrica catalana, Barcelona; see also Miguel Vidal's "Etymology of català, Catalunya", available

9289: 4723:

2009, a large majority voted for independence, although critics argued that the polls were mostly held in pro-independence areas. In December

1863:(Cerretains) – also maintained relations with the peoples of the Mediterranean. Some urban agglomerations became relevant, including Ilerda ( 672: 16651:

p. 13: Catalan Deputy of Education Ernest Maragall declares respect from the Catalan Government to Spanish language and to everyone's rights

15865: 15247: 15146: 15124: 15094: 13310: 11471: 4013: 19112: 18424: 17702: 17676: 12909: 10097: 8472:, but since the 1980s there has been a trend of decline of Christianity. Nevertheless, according to the most recent study sponsored by the 6949: 4493: 2767: 18011: 16254: 16111: 14461: 10042: 9245:. Thanks to the urban expansion of Barcelona during the last decades of the century and the first ones of the next, many buildings of the 9041:

Catalonia has given to the world many important figures in the area of the art. Catalan painters internationally known are, among others,

7623: 4755:

million (according to its promoters); whereas poll results revealed that half the population of Catalonia supported secession from Spain.

4727:

2009, 94% of those voting backed independence from Spain, on a turn-out of 25%. The final local referendum was held in Barcelona, in April

250: 19278: 19107: 19102: 19097: 18737: 17914: 17726: 17553: 16485: 16446: 16170: 12739: 11950: 11728: 11676: 9596:, or other military units, have since recounted their experiences of fighting in their works, historical or fictional, with for example, 6907: 4896:

2015. In these elections, Convergència and Esquerra Republicana decided to join, and they presented themselves under the coalition named

4878:

seats in the Catalan Parliament. Parties supporting independence from the rest of Spain obtained 49.12% of the votes and a majority of 74

4488: 4483: 4478: 2716: 1115:

as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions. In the 10th century, the County of Barcelona became progressively independent. In 1137,

18016: 17149: 17092: 16629: 16603: 16524: 12603: 12145: 12042: 11621: 11307: 9828:

One of the most astonishing and sui-generis figurines traditionally placed in the nativity scene, to the great glee of children, is the

8759:

According to the linguistic census held by the Government of Catalonia in 2013, Spanish is the most spoken language in Catalonia (46.53%

19856: 19627: 19263: 19117: 18184: 18062: 16307: 16085: 15924: 15208: 14318: 13811: 11397: 5802: 4498: 2854: 1908: 1241: 16354: 16281: 15793: 9210:

is an example of this kind of style. During the Middle Ages, many fortified castles were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers.

2742:

In the same period, Barcelona was the focus of industrial conflict and revolutionary uprisings known as "bullangues". In Catalonia, a

2668:, and making Catalan briefly an official language again. Between 1812 and 1814, Catalonia was annexed to France and organized as four 18360: 11543: 10347:, created in 1968. Several directors have gained worldwide renown thanks to this genre, starting with Jaume Balagueró and his series 5187: 4778: 4296: 3178: 3135: 2480:

became the first king to rule the Crowns of Castile and Aragon simultaneously by his own right. Following the death of his paternal (

16209: 14952: 14115: 13874: 13716: 9994:. The avant-garde spirit initiated by the modernists is prolonged throughout the twentieth century, thanks to the activities of the 9433:

There are two historical moments of splendor of Catalan literature. The first begins with the historiographic chronicles of the 13th

8880:

After the end of Francoist Spain, the newly established self-governing democratic institutions in Catalonia embarked on a long-term

8791:), where Spanish is more spoken than Catalan, and the more rural and small town areas, where Catalan clearly prevails over Spanish. 7646:

people and covers an area of 2,268 km (876 sq mi). The metropolitan area of the Urban Region includes cities such as

5909: 3413:

coastline. Spring and autumn are typically the rainiest seasons, except for the Pyrenean valleys, where summer is typically stormy.

1727:, that is, some 200,000 years old; other sources suggest it to be only about one third that old. From the next prehistoric era, the 20650: 19729: 19201: 18209: 18189: 10485: 6027:. Catalonia's rating is tied for worst with between 1 and 5 other autonomous communities of Spain, depending on the rating agency. 5416: 5137: 4976: 4219: 4163: 4122: 4084: 4079: 4073: 3815:

is an important tributary. Moreover, in Catalonia there is a relative wealth of groundwaters, although there is inequality between

3354:

The climate of Catalonia is diverse. The populated areas lying by the coast in Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona provinces feature a

3237: 3087: 2937: 2838: 1269: 1002: 352: 346: 18745: 16382: 14038: 13736: 13668: 10041:(opened in 1847), remains one of the most important in Spain, hosting one of the most prestigious music schools in Barcelona, the 9737:, where devils and monsters dance and spray showers of sparks using firecrackers. Another traditional celebration in Catalonia is 2509:

general Catalan government grew (thus consolidating its constitutional system), while the kings remained absent, represented by a

19325: 19248: 13567: 5342:

is administered separately within Catalonia. The civil laws that are subject to autonomous legislation have been codified in the

4786: 3255: 3140:

In November 2003, elections to the Parliament of Catalonia gave the government to a left-wing Catalanist coalition formed by the

2815: 2814:(1923–1930). During the final stage of the Dictatorship, with Spain beginning to suffer an economic crisis, Barcelona hosted the 11354: 9865:. The ban, which went into effect on 1 January 2012, had originated in a popular petition supported by over 180,000 signatures. 19637: 18409: 18365: 12423: 9700:

are one of the main manifestations of Catalan popular culture. The activity consists in constructing human towers by competing

4871: 4322: 3671: 2941: 2197: 2107: 1224:. In the second third of the century, it experienced industrialisation. As wealth from the industrial expansion grew, it saw a 17377: 11274: 4584: 3923:. Human activities have also put some animal species at risk, or even led to their disappearance from the territory, like the 19968: 17616: 17086: 16518: 16479: 16440: 16413: 14974: 13142: 12733: 12597: 11976: 11944: 11898: 11367: 10699: 10155:

were recovered in order to convert them into free and democratic media, while local radios and televisions were implemented.

6508: 5879: 5360: 5082:

The Catalan Statute of Autonomy establishes that Catalonia, as an autonomous community, is organised politically through the

5051: 4964: 16810: 16577: 16551: 13288: 12949: 12529: 11569: 10025:, mostly imported from Italy, began in the 18th century, but some native operas were written as well, including the ones by 6428: 6211:

The main economic cost for Catalan families is the purchase of a home. According to data from the Society of Appraisal on 31

2783: 2408:

flourished in Catalonia proper and in the kingdoms of Majorca and Valencia, with such remarkable authors as the philosopher

20563: 20255: 19761: 19298: 19122: 18375: 18223: 10634: 10489: 10068:

is admired as an outstanding player. Other popular musical styles were born in the second half of the 20th century such as

9165: 9122: 6169: 5437:

Much like the rest of Spain, Catalonia is divided administratively into four provinces, the governing body of which is the

5272: 5262: 5252: 5072: 4856: 4694:

2010, found that 46% of the voters would support independence in a referendum. In February of the same year, a poll by the

4503: 4189: 3190: 2957: 2953: 2560:. Catalonia, like other territories that formed the Crown of Aragon, rose up in support of the Austrian Habsburg pretender 2470: 2212:, establishing the dynastic union of the County of Barcelona with Aragon, creating a composite monarchy later known as the 1280: 18289: 17974: 16941: 15686: 14636: 12857: 4532: 19767: 19719: 19455: 18638: 18219: 17265:"Sánchez-Camacho rebutja la postura inicial de Bauzá de derogar la llei de Normalització Lingüística a les Illes Balears" 16753: 15624: 14924: 10994: 10749: 5555: 4604: 3258:, involved in organizing a referendum on Catalonia's independence from Spain, and convicted them on charges ranging from 3202: 2272: 1805:

BC, and they were responsible for the creation of the first proto-urban settlements. Around the middle of the 7th century

1540:) – meaning "killer" – could have been applied by Muslims to groups of raiders and bandits on the southern border of the 166: 20229: 17580: 17332:-Joan Prat i Jesús Contreras. Conèixer Catalunya. Les Festes Populars. Editorial Dopesa 2. 1979. 159 pp. Idioma català. 13004: 9917:, and are danced in a circle dance. Other tunes and dances of the traditional music are the contrapàs (obsolete today), 6964:

on their high speed network. This was shortly followed by the commencement of commercial service by the French TGV on 17

6054:

autonomous communities, but in recent years its economy recovered a positive evolution and the GDP grew a 3.3% in 2015.

4956:

of Catalonia is the fundamental organic law, second only to the Spanish Constitution from which the Statute originates.

19794: 19407: 17353: 16078:"Idescat. Anuario estadístico de Cataluña. Extranjeros con tarjeta de residencia. Por país de nacionalidad. Provincias" 15507: 14166: 12676: 12265: 11454: 11140: 11110: 10890: 10724: 10608: 5331: 4972: 4935: 4547: 4247: 3821:, given the complex geological structure of the territory. In the Pyrenees there are many small lakes, remnants of the 3193:

was held in Catalonia on 1 October 2017, using a disputed voting process. It was declared illegal and suspended by the

3071: 2514: 2251:, formally relinquished to any historical claim of feudal lordship he might have over the Catalan counties, except the 1202: 997: 17493: 16274:"Idescat. Demographic Survey. Població de 15 anys i més segons llengua inicial, d'identificació i habitual. Catalunya" 15655: 12235: 11540:

Enciclopèdia Catalana online: Catalunya ("Geral de Cataluign, Raimundi Catalan and Arnal Catalan appear in 1107/1112")

4560: 19643: 19148: 19016: 17861: 17337: 16804: 16765: 16650: 16115: 14086: 12570: 12523: 12496: 12340: 12315: 12290: 12203: 12182: 12077: 12036: 10573: 8978: 6039: 5863: 4333: 4175: 4137: 3141: 2177: 1065: 455: 17471: 16679: 15419: 14767: 14584: 14204: 13486: 10616: 6936:

currently reach Barcelona, via Lleida and Tarragona. The official opening between Barcelona and Madrid took place 20

6914:

that operates long-distance and high-speed rail services (AVE and Avant) and the main commuter and regional service

6471:

in the world. It is sixth largest cruise port in the world, the first in Europe and the Mediterranean with 2,364,292

6448:, a Spanish Government entity) is an industrial, commercial and tourist port of worldwide importance. With 1,950,000 19268: 18251: 18214: 18142: 17119: 11114: 10514: 10045:. Several lyrical artists trained by this institution gained international renown during the 20th century, such as 9862: 9149: 9101: 4925: 4089: 3355: 3157: 2568: 2522: 2485: 1171: 1163: 358: 15563: 15456: 8476:, as of 2020, 62.3% of the Catalans identify as Christians (up from 61.9% in 2016 and 56.5% in 2014) of whom 53.0% 3403: 3392: 3381: 3370: 3359: 3003:, including the publication of books on those subjects or simply discussion of them in open meetings, was banned. 2853:

was appointed its first president. Under the Statute, Catalan became an official language. The governments of the

2782:

movement had been active throughout the last quarter of the 19th century and the early 20th century, founding the

20556: 20248: 19891: 19879: 18730: 17400: 12878: 10999: 4931: 4912:, a far-left and independentist party) won another 10, so the sum of all the independentist forces/parties was 72 4909: 3601: 3149: 2799: 2390: 1265: 1084:

to the south. In addition to about 580 km of coastline, Catalonia also has major high landforms such as the

17523: 16727: 16067:

Kleiner-Liebau, D. "Migration and the Construction of National Identity in Spain (Frankfurt: Vervuert)". (2009).

13638: 13250: 9660:

are among the most prominent Catalan writers in the Spanish language since the democratic restoration in Spain.

19799: 19330: 19320: 18846: 18840: 18835: 18830: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18800: 18795: 18790: 18785: 18780: 18775: 18770: 18314: 18055: 17673:"Law 1/1980 where the Parlamient of Catalonia declares that 11th of September is the National Day of Catalonia" 15961: 12633: 12168:

Republicanism: Volume 1, Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe: A Shared European Heritage

12102: 11812: 10640: 10311:, emphasizes experimentation and form, while focusing on developing social and political themes. Worn first by 9335: 9238: 9207: 5236: 5168: 4864: 4852: 4597: 4462: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4348: 4157: 4151: 3977: 3442: 3214: 3210: 3091: 2561: 2476:

By virtue of descent from his maternal grandparents, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, in 1516

1751:, are the Balma del Gai (Epipaleolithic) and the Balma de l'Espluga (late Epipaleolithic and Early Neolithic). 1284: 16917: 15365: 15178: 11846:

Tarrus, Josep. "La Draga (Banyoles, Catalonia), an Early Neolithic Lakeside Village in Mediterranean Europe".

9999: 9341: 7725:

of the total population) with non-Spanish ID cards, without including those who acquired Spanish citizenship.

4748: 3027: 19661: 19243: 19175: 18625: 18439: 18429: 18380: 18152: 17944: 17887: 16137: 15828: 12391:"Novetats legislatives en matèria lingüística aprovades el 2019 que afecten els territoris de parla catalana" 12358:"Novetats legislatives en matèria lingüística aprovades el 2018 que afecten els territoris de parla catalana" 11073: 11004: 10906: 10728: 10671: 9653: 8854: 6945: 6355: 5734:) elected every four years by the residents in local elections. The council consists of a number of members ( 5438: 5280: 5022: 4916:

seats, reaching an absolute majority, but not in number of individual votes, comprising 47,74% of the total.

4874:, sovereigntist parties supporting a secession referendum gathered 59.01% of the votes and held 87 of the 135 4836: 4338: 4292: 4227: 3194: 3168: 3131: 2610: 2545: 2510: 2489: 2378: 1276: 1187: 992: 328: 142: 15730: 14373: 13403: 5787: 5704:(General Council of Aran), and in 2015 it was defined as a "unique territorial entity" instead of a county. 3037:, certain folkloric and religious celebrations in Catalan resumed and were tolerated. Use of Catalan in the 2732: 2601:, reinforced in the late quarter of the century when Castile's trade monopoly with American colonies ended. 2369:(1412), the representatives of the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia appointed 1159:

were married and ruled their realms together, retaining all of their distinct institutions and legislation.

19649: 19141: 19021: 18586: 18493: 16884: 16858: 16832: 13789: 13763: 11997: 10003: 9955:("Red Book of Montserrat") from the fourteenth century. Through the Renaissance there were authors such as 9952: 9721:

In main celebrations, other elements of the Catalan popular culture are also usually present: parades with

9622:

aforementioned authors, other relevant 20th-century writers of the Francoist and democracy periods include

9398: 7647: 7153: 7090: 6101: 5390: 5276: 5015: 4960: 4860: 4695: 4669: 4343: 3565:

Catalonia has a marked geographical diversity, considering the relatively small size of its territory. The

3198: 3145: 2858: 2033: 748: 19519: 19474: 13513: 13223: 12835: 11698: 10905:, both of which regularly dominate international rankings of restaurants. The region has been awarded the 10676: 10226: 10161:, which broadcasts entirely in the Catalan language, is the main Catalan public TV. It has five channels: 9492: 9422:

The oldest surviving literary use of the Catalan language is considered to be the religious text known as

6343: 3365:). The inland part (including the Lleida province and the inner part of Barcelona province) show a mostly 2904: 2761: 1361:"), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, known as 19700: 19617: 19335: 19310: 19008: 18419: 18304: 18266: 18261: 18088: 17053: 15982:

Project ALIAS—Autonomy, Labour and Integration in South Tyrol (Bozen: European Academy of Bolzen/Bolzano)

14798: 14491: 11238: 10510: 9157: 8807: 8799: 8784: 7065: 7053: 7048: 7036: 6973: 6944:

2008. The journey between Barcelona and Madrid now takes about two-and-a-half hours. A connection to the

6868: 6452: 6107: 5817: 5713: 5100:

or Executive Council and the other institutions established by the Parliament, among them the Ombudsman (

4570: 4184: 3876: 3753: 3244: 2669: 2657: 1680: 1447: 19549: 19524: 17650: 16333: 14352: 12971: 9839:

Another (extended) Christmas tradition is the celebration of the Epiphany on 6 January, which is called

9402: 7717:, often settling in urban centers such as Barcelona and industrial areas. In 2017, Catalonia had 940,497 6114:

The main tourist destinations in Catalonia are the city of Barcelona, the beaches of the Costa Brava in

5129: 42: 20655: 20168: 19712: 19273: 18723: 18653: 15995: 15945: 15302:"Barcelona, considerada la octava mejor ciudad del mundo | Barcelona International Welcome | Barcelona" 14903: 12456: 12069: 12028: 11860: 10836: 8830:

inhabitants was the only place where a dialect of Occitan had received full official status. Then, on 9

6410: 6386: 6095: 5154:) is the unicameral legislative body of the Generalitat and represents the people of Catalonia. Its 135 3585: 3539: 3485: 3206: 3026:, was taken to Spain from his exile in the German-occupied France and was tortured and executed in the 2923: 1152: 816: 752: 731: 71: 67: 17827: 17750: 16033:

Jeram, Sanjay (2017). "Despite the crisis: The resilience of intercultural nationalism in Catalonia".

14824: 13988: 10046: 9532: 4708:

from 40 to 49%. Other polls show more variable results, according with the Spanish CIS, as of December

3217:

called for 21 December 2017, which ended with a victory of pro-independence parties. Former President

2176:

as his king, evidencing the loss of dependency from Frankish rule and confirming his successors (from

1092:, the Transversal Range (Serralada Transversal) or the Central Depression. The official languages are 19539: 19358: 18648: 18581: 18503: 18276: 18174: 18118: 18048: 15890: 15000: 14736: 12558: 11611:

The Sarmatians: 600 BC-AD 450 (Men-at-Arms) by Richard Brzezinski and Gerry Embleton, 19 August 2002.

11427: 11166: 10714: 10296: 9250: 9222: 9153: 8982: 8977:

The Catalan language policy has been challenged by some political parties in the Catalan Parliament.

8970: 8846:

Although not considered an "official language" in the same way as Catalan, Spanish, and Occitan, the

7639: 6380: 6347: 5699: 5501: 5394: 5384: 5007: 4645:, second president of the Generalitat of Catalonia between 1933 and 1940, executed by Franco's regime 4517: 3517: 3506: 3229:, were sentenced to prison under various charges of rebellion, sedition, and misuse of public funds. 3164: 2803: 2439: 2307: 2152: 2134: 1982:), and the first centuries of the Empire saw the construction of roads (the most important being the 1206: 1132: 1049: 171: 63: 38: 17: 19206: 16510:

Multilingualism in Spain: Sociolinguistic and Psycholinguistic Aspects of Linguistic Minority Groups

15921:"Extranjeros con certificado de registro o tarjeta de residencia en vigor. Por país de nacionalidad" 10861: 10158: 7697:

Immigrants from other countries settled in Catalonia since the 1990s; a large percentage comes from

6436:

Since the Middle Ages, Catalonia has been well integrated into international maritime networks. The

3107: 1295:—fled to other European countries. Those in prison were pardoned by the Spanish government in 2021. 1147:, becoming the base for the Crown's Mediterranean trade and expansionism. In the later Middle Ages, 18345: 17225:"El PPC va votar a favor d'un reglament sobre el català – Regió7. El Diari de la Catalunya Central" 17078:

Debat sobre la normalització lingüística: Ple de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans (18 d'abril de 1990)

16218: 15481: 13036: 12018: 11188: 10817:

seasoned with olive oil and salt. Often the dish is accompanied with any number of sausages (cured

10577: 10569: 10308: 10188: 9253:, which turned especially relevant in Catalonia during the Republican era (1931–1939) highlighting 9214: 8473: 8469: 7663: 7391: 6483:

near Girona at northeast are much more modest. The port of Palamós and the other ports in Catalonia

5505: 5339: 5083: 5035: 4116: 3973: 3209:

by the Spanish government through the use of Article 155 of the Constitution, the dismissal of the

2331: 2232: 2216:

and making the Catalan counties that were vassalized or merged with the County of Barcelona into a

2072: 1488: 1245: 1140: 1057: 441: 19569: 17303: 15090: 13456: 11724: 11598: 9423: 9355: 9282: 8920: 7678:

Catalonia, that wave of internal migration arrived from several regions of Spain, especially from

7667: 7203: 7169: 6807:

Public-own roads in Catalonia are either managed by the autonomous government of Catalonia (e.g.,

5848: 3221:

and five former cabinet ministers fled Spain and took refuge in other European countries (such as

2660:

after he conquered Barcelona; the resistance against the occupation eventually developed into the

2381:, the persistent economic crisis and social and political tensions in the Principality led to the 2310:

developed a complex institutional and political system based in the concept of a pact between the

19678: 19211: 18762: 18658: 18571: 18513: 18414: 18355: 18350: 18199: 18179: 17858:"Firman acuerdo de colaboración gobierno de NL y Cataluña, España | Info7 | Nuevo León" 15855: 15243: 15116: 11750: 9669: 9417: 9195: 8858: 7075: 6398: 6373: 6224: 6035:

London, New York, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Dubai and Singapore and ahead of Los Angeles and Madrid.

6008: 5482:

Unlike vegueries, provinces do not follow the limitations of the subdivisional counties, notably

5343: 5145: 5097: 5093: 4987: 4782: 4654: 4363: 4208: 4202: 4103: 3993: 3737: 3652: 2890: 2881:

in February 1936, the Government of Catalonia was pardoned and the self-government was restored.

2842: 2826: 2822: 2791: 2739:

become more common. To this day Catalonia remains one of the most industrialised areas of Spain.

2598: 1987: 1307: 1237: 1038: 699: 466: 431: 17698: 17672: 14690:"El cas singular de Gósol, que vol deixar de dependre de quatre administracions: "Cal un debat"" 13695: 13687: 12797:"A Double Life Cycle in Tourism Arrivals to Spain: Unit Root Tests with Gradual Change Analysis" 9161: 9010: 7339: 6208:

organizes international exhibitions and congresses to do with different sectors of the economy.

6131: 6057: 5938: 5894: 5885: 5609: 4847:

have been present in all Catalan governments since 1980. The largest Catalan nationalist party,

4715:

In hundreds of non-binding local referendums on independence, organised across Catalonia from 13

2846: 20271: 20013: 19778: 19666: 19484: 19368: 19363: 18566: 18483: 18340: 18299: 18284: 18256: 18146: 9593: 9561: 9242: 8534: 8502: 8413: 6423: 6369: 6085: 5973: 5642: 5495: 5404: 5364: 4975:". The same constitution gave Catalonia the automatic right to autonomy, which resulted in the 4825: 4805: 4542: 4527: 3836:

The Catalan coast is almost rectilinear, with a length of 580 kilometres (360 mi) and few

2811: 2757: 2637: 2538: 2446: 2182: 1520: 1175: 1028: 1022: 662: 62:

This article is about the Spanish autonomous community. For the historic political entity, see

20619: 20209: 17723: 17557: 16469: 16430: 15950:

Atlas des migrations dans le monde, Réfugiés ou migrants volontaires, Alternatives Economiques

12723: 12562: 12167: 12141: 11934: 11648: 10389: 10026: 9110: 6197:

pressured some of the big Catalan companies to move their headquarters outside of the region.

2374: 2361:

percent of its population. In 1410, the last reigning monarch of the House of Barcelona, King

1111:

In the late 8th century, various counties across the eastern Pyrenees were established by the

154: 20609: 20594: 19755: 19479: 18608: 18508: 18478: 18328: 18108: 17076: 16508: 12795:

Albaladejo, Isabel P.; Gonzalez-Martinez, Maria Isabel; Martinez-Garcia, Maria Pilar (2020).

12587: 12022: 11625: 11299: 11106: 10976: 10902: 10551: 10523: 10340: 10038: 9893:

is considered to be the most characteristic Catalan folk dance, interpreted to the rhythm of

9520: 9090: 9057:

lived in Barcelona during his youth, training them as an artist and creating the movement of

8917:–1095), one of the earliest texts written almost completely in Catalan, predating the famous 8847: 8840: 8552: 8368: 7237: 7060: 7043: 6917: 6219:

2005 Catalonia is, after Madrid, the second most expensive region in Spain for housing: 3,397

5946: 5475: 5457: 5324: 4848: 4820: 4625: 4353: 4097: 4046: 3853: 3822: 3644: 3597: 3528: 3366: 3333: 3099: 2878: 2641: 2450: 2370: 2327: 1896: 1825: 1634: 1502:

Miguel Vidal, finding serious shortcomings with earlier proposals (such as that an original -

1288: 1144: 789: 768: 727: 647: 407: 392: 317: 20532: 16968:"Árabe y urdu aparecen entre las lenguas habituales de Catalunya, creando peligro de guetos" 16303: 16273: 16077: 15996:"Más del 60% de la población de Cataluña es fruto de los flujos inmigratorios de este siglo" 15920: 14326: 13815: 11136: 10335:

became another genre particularly representative of contemporary Catalan cinema, boosted by

10050: 9976: 9589: 6799: 6455:

in 2015, it is the first container port in Catalonia, the third in Spain after Valencia and

5605: 2790:

in Europe in 1919. Growing resentment of conscription and of the military culminated in the

2529:) with French help against the Spanish Crown for overstepping Catalonia's rights during the 1279:. On 27 October 2017, the Catalan Parliament unilaterally declared independence following a 1170:(1640–1652) against a burdensome presence of the royal army, being briefly established as a 20477: 19804: 19283: 18682: 18561: 18556: 18531: 18523: 18488: 18370: 18246: 18194: 18162: 18080: 15508:"CaixaBank traslada su sede a Valencia y La Fundación Bancaria La Caixa y Criteria a Palma" 14975:"Catalunya ja té vuit vegueries: El Parlament aprova la creació de la vegueria del Penedès" 11047: 11014: 10565: 10558: 10446: 10344: 10300: 10006:

created in 1944 and composers, conductors and musicians engaged against the Francoism like

9781: 9758: 9724: 9536: 9347: 9304: 9173: 8942: 7441: 5304: 5296: 4945: 4844: 4633: 4309: 3969: 3932: 3119: 3115: 3103: 3079: 2927: 2685: 2622: 2584: 2530: 2311: 2221: 2209: 2111: 2048: 1794: 1674: 1233: 1210: 1183: 857: 741: 487: 334: 20487: 19773: 19196: 11539: 10274: 9145: 7276: 7260: 7192: 7174: 4358: 8: 20377: 20148: 20103: 19373: 19216: 19171: 18950: 18204: 18156: 18103: 17433:"TV3 lidera l'audiència per 9è any consecutiu i té el millor resultat dels últims 6 anys" 14944: 14227:""Unas 600.000 personas en la manifestación independentista". La Vanguardia de Catalunya" 13224:"En vivo – Rajoy disuelve el Parlament y convoca elecciones catalanas el 21 de diciembre" 12489:

Atlantic Catalonia: brandy and textiles at the beginning of the catalan industrialisation

10883: 10703: 10375: 10354: 10198: 10141: 9682: 9649: 9602: 8853:

As was the case since the ascent of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne of Spain after the

6574: 6365: 6073: 5993: 5981: 5615: 5585: 5320: 5003: 4953: 4801: 4650: 3920: 3780: 3377: 3344: 3185:, addresses the crowd following the unilateral declaration of independence on 27 October. 2976: 2894: 2866: 2704: 2700: 2579:

militarily ended the Habsburg claim to the Spanish Crown, which became legal fact in the

2549: 2386: 2366: 2264: 2201: 2190: 2122: 1927: 1704: 1229: 1116: 1081: 479: 304: 221: 20367: 20028: 19695: 19221: 15980:

Climent-Ferrando, Vicent. "Immigration in Catalonia: In Search of a Public Philosophy".

11592: 10539: 9645: 9546: 9254: 9233:) appeared as the national art. The world-renowned Catalan architects of this style are 9078: 7635:

residents did not have Spanish citizenship, accounting for about 16% of the population.

7138: 2005:

century. Although Hispania remained under Roman rule and did not fall under the rule of

1918:, the north-east of Iberia became the first to come under Roman rule and became part of 1711:

The first known human settlements in what is now Catalonia were at the beginning of the

20645: 20604: 20599: 20579: 20508: 20427: 20362: 20224: 19814: 19734: 18691: 18603: 18576: 17777: 16378: 16050: 15031:"Festivals in southern Terres de l'Ebre counties form new group to increase visibility" 14825:"Se impide crear veguerías alterando los límites provinciales | Barcelona | elmundo.es" 13511: 12821: 12796: 12778: 12585: 12120: 11009: 10581: 10440: 10369: 10364: 10236:, both with editions in Catalan and Spanish. Catalan only published newspapers include 10214: 9874: 9764: 9504: 9488: 6820: 6443: 5808: 5664: 5549: 5545: 5483: 5469: 5463: 5432: 5400: 5163: 4740: 4241: 4055: 3677: 3623:

comprises the highest peaks in the Pre-Pyrenees and forms the southern boundary of the

3575: 2961: 2477: 2405: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2268: 2248: 2240: 2146: 2056: 1963: 1747:

de Montsant). The most important sites from these eras, all excavated in the region of

1712: 1331: 1179: 1148: 1124: 1112: 1053: 1018: 782: 775: 402: 397: 20492: 20159: 19707: 19622: 15061:"Coronavirus: Spain puts 200,000 people in Catalonia back into lockdown as cases rise" 10808: 10779: 10600: 10282: 9979:(father of choir movement in Catalonia and responsible of the music folk reviving) or 9361: 9293: 8874: 7271: 6235:

The unemployment rate stood at 10.5% in 2019 and was lower than the national average.

4739:

2012, a pro-independence march pulled in a crowd of between 600,000 (according to the

4675:

The support for Catalan nationalism ranges from a demand for further autonomy and the

3225:, in Puigdemont's case), whereas nine other cabinet members, including vice-president 2103: 20407: 20219: 19559: 19509: 19431: 19353: 18128: 18123: 17333: 17244: 17082: 16800: 16761: 16514: 16475: 16436: 16409: 16054: 16003: 15710: 15564:"El Govern espanyol aprova un decret per facilitar la fugida d'empreses de Catalunya" 14879: 14713: 14410: 14062: 13691: 13683: 13104: 12925: 12729: 12650: 12629: 12593: 12566: 12519: 12492: 12336: 12311: 12286: 12261: 12199: 12178: 12108: 12098: 12073: 12032: 11940: 11894: 11804: 11773:. Barcelona, Institut d ́Estudis Catalans: p. 27; Publicacions de la Presidència (1). 11668: 11363: 11068:

In addition to the legal definition as a nationality, Catalonia is also defined as a

10989: 10585: 10113: 9995: 9631: 9581: 9511:

century, avant-garde movements developed, initiated by the Generation of '14 (called

9187: 8958: 8788: 8403: 8383: 6888: 6881: 6437: 6205: 6177: 6119: 5575: 5565: 5221: 5201: 5011: 4658: 4629: 4009: 3931:

of the Pyrenees. The pressure created by this model of life means that the country's

3218: 3182: 2968: 2945: 2869:

in Barcelona, as a response to the accession of right-wing Spanish nationalist party

2720: 2665: 2593: 2580: 2576: 2553: 2481: 2454: 2382: 2276: 2236: 2205: 2186: 2142: 2114:(right) and their son Alfonso II of Aragon and I of Barcelona, dynastic union of the 2068: 1959: 1844: 1840: 1789:

BC. There are few remnants of this era, but there were some known settlements in the

1740: 1469: 1292: 1249: 1209:. Philip V subsequently imposed a unifying administration across Spain, enacting the 1194: 1120: 1073: 1010: 159: 20422: 20307: 19494: 19489: 15595:"Más de 5.400 empresas trasladaron su sede desde Catalunya tras la consulta del 1-O" 15001:"Idescat. Statistical Yearbook of Catalonia. County councils. Councillors. Counties" 12875:"Barcelona 1992: a city turning towards the sea and winning the hearts of the world" 11785:"ESR and U-series analyses of enamel and dentine fragments of the Banyoles mandible" 10657:, one of the most successful football managers of all time, pictured while managing 9565: 9465: 9179: 9093:

for expressionist or abstract sculpture and painting of the late twentieth century.

5656: 4642: 3783:. The Catalan hydrographic network consists of two important basins, the one of the 3620: 3023: 2862: 2850: 2771: 20442: 20118: 19953: 19739: 19579: 19390: 19293: 19258: 18857: 18434: 17804:« Meilleur restaurant du monde » grand prix de la tourista internationale 17369: 16042: 13699: 13134: 12816: 12808: 12770: 12689: 12668: 11796: 11660: 11263: 10312: 10268: 10260:

in 2011), as well as most part of the local press. The Spanish newspapers, such as

10194: 10077: 9932: 9752: 9577: 9516: 9484: 9324: 9198:(the best examples of which are located in the northern half of the territory) and 9082: 9062: 9000: 8819: 8795: 8764: 8752: 8597: 8584: 8544: 8540: 7683: 6906:

There are two publicly owned railway companies operating in Catalonia: the Catalan

6578: 6404: 5965: 5933: 5915: 5680: 5652: 5629: 5335: 5209: 4999: 4901: 4368: 4027: 3826: 3762: 3710: 3418: 3153: 3010: 2972: 2652:

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Catalonia was severely affected by the

2618: 2572: 2557: 2458: 2422: 2417: 2362: 2354: 2041: 1904: 1798: 1700: 1661: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1619: 1575: 1506:- would have, by normal sound laws in the local Romance languages, developed into - 1461: 1396: 1198: 1191: 1156: 1105: 1097: 1093: 979: 969: 964: 954: 941: 931: 889: 641: 631: 626: 612: 598: 584: 193: 131: 115: 99: 20417: 19848: 19584: 14395:"Admitidos los recursos de Aragón, Valencia y Baleares contra el Estatuto catalán" 13426:"Spanish Supreme Court sentences Catalan separatists to prison, sparking protests" 13251:"Rajoy cesa a Puigdemont y su Govern y convoca elecciones para el 21 de diciembre" 10011: 9987: 9815:

A tió exhibited at Plaça Sant Jaume in Barcelona in the 2010–2011 Christmas season

9627: 9585: 9070: 9050: 9042: 8495: 5667:). Some further revisions have been realised since then, such as the additions of 5229: 5213: 5133: 4888:, then the president of Catalonia, organised early elections that took place on 27 3282: 2715:

century, Catalonia became an important industrial center, particularly focused on

20517: 20432: 20317: 20073: 19544: 19534: 19315: 18138: 18113: 18035: 17810: 17730: 17357: 16950: 16799:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat. pp. 37–38. 16794: 16657: 16573: 16547: 16403: 16361: 16261: 16225: 15968: 15369: 14932: 14607:"Catalan government broken: Junts leaves coalition cabinet, Esquerra stays alone" 14381: 14291: 13996: 13746: 13675: 13373:"Spanish judge jails proposed Catalan leader hours ahead of planned inauguration" 13280: 12861: 12842: 12513: 12239: 12174: 12004: 11800: 11757: 11594:

A history of Spain from the earliest times to the death of Ferdinand the Catholic

11563: 11547: 11458: 11072:

in the preamble of its 2006 Statute of Autonomy, although it was rejected by the

10984: 10768: 10743: 10381: 10238: 10210: 10162: 10069: 10054: 9918: 9553: 8954: 8950: 8935: 8881: 8870: 8862: 8548: 7714: 6925: 5660: 5055: 5045: 4968: 4665: 4001: 3686: 3648: 3574:

The Pyrenees: mountainous formation that connects the Iberian Peninsula with the

3399: 3295: 3226: 3111: 3094:

to the Parliament of Catalonia under this Statute gave the Catalan presidency to

3051: 3034: 2653: 2614: 2552:, the last Spanish Habsburg, died without an heir in 1700. Charles II had chosen 2518: 2462: 2342: 2284: 2243:, king of Mallorca and of Valencia, renounced his family rights and dominions in 2213: 2115: 2076: 1763: 1728: 1696: 1624: 1541: 1327: 1298:

In the early-to-mid 2020s, support for independence in Catalonia declined again.

1261: 1253: 1217: 1167: 1128: 1101: 635: 497: 310: 20347: 20337: 19632: 18615: 17937:"Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 71 | Senate Office of International Relations" 10879: 10875: 10400: 10293:(belonging to Grup Godó) are the two main radios of Catalonia, both in Catalan. 9787: 9745:, declared a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the 9496: 9234: 9033: 6517: 5172: 4897: 4795: 2756:, among both the working class and the bourgeoisie. Right after the fall of the 2413: 1934:) was one of the most important Roman cities in Hispania and the capital of the 20342: 19983: 18663: 18473: 18404: 18133: 16471:

Franquisme i repressió: la repressió franquista als països catalans (1939–1975)

14640: 14518:"Is Catalonia a nation or a nationality, or is Spain the only nation in Spain?" 13703: 13543:"Separatist parties set to lose power in Catalan regional election, polls show" 12812: 11863:

The Europea Community in Later Prehistory. Studies in honour of C. F. C. Hawkes

11861:"J. Maluquer de Motes: "Late Bronze and Early Iron in the valley of the Ebro" ( 11329: 11107:"Indicadors geogràfics. Superfície, densitat i entitats de població: Catalunya" 10894: 10686:

Catalonia has its own representative and distinctive national symbols such as:

10058: 10007: 9991: 9858: 9740: 9657: 9447: 9266: 9262: 9203: 8815: 8488: 7706: 7446: 7412: 7378: 7242: 7208: 7001: 6989: 6127: 4676: 3796: 3451: 3388: 3306: 2787: 2661: 2645: 2500: 2315: 2296: 2252: 2156:

Hug IV, count of Empúries, and Pero Maça during the conquest of Mallorca (1229)

2022: 1935: 1915: 1880: 1839:

In pre-Roman times, the area that is now called Catalonia in the north-east of

1829: 1136: 1042: 570: 324: 20297: 20292: 19589: 17197: 16203:"Baròmetre sobre la religiositat i sobre la gestió de la seva diversitat 2016" 16171:"Baròmetre sobre la religiositat i sobre la gestió de la seva diversitat 2020" 12854: 12485:

La Catalunya atlàntica: aiguardent i teixits a l'arrencada industrial catalana

10408: 10073: 9391: 9373: 9277: 6184:, ranked fourth among all Spanish private banks and which moved its office to 5363:, are the Spanish communities with the highest degree of autonomy in terms of 4638: 2884: 2434: 20639: 19671: 19564: 19554: 19499: 18293: 18007: 18002: 17884:"Firman NL y Cataluña intercambio estratégico | Info7 | Nuevo León" 17624: 17591: 16432:

Franquisme i repressió: la repressió franquista als països catalans 1939–1975

16007: 15274: 15213: 15151: 14258: 13108: 12654: 11672: 10867: 10852: 10773: 10654: 10324: 10232: 10109: 10081: 10030: 9980: 9968: 9805: 9801: 9774: 9597: 9500: 9054: 8946: 8823: 8484: 8393: 7702: 7373: 6181: 6135: 6062: 6024: 5693: 5672: 5625: 4682: 4536: 4171: 4133: 3961: 3898: 3857: 3845: 3812: 3788: 3160:, with the aim of consolidate and expand certain aspects of self-government. 2980: 2743: 2727:. The first railway on the Iberian Peninsula was built between Barcelona and 2673: 2337: 2092: 1939: 1892: 1884: 1790: 1006: 806: 722: 451: 265: 252: 20472: 20352: 18702: 18168: 17349: 15656:"L'Estat va treure milers de milions de dipòsits dels bancs catalans el 2-O" 15209:"Standard & Poor's degrada la calificación de Catalunya a 'bono basura'" 14856:"El Constitucional només admet les vegueries si es conserven les províncies" 13097:"Protests in Barcelona against suspension of Catalan autonomy – in pictures" 13042:(in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 6 September 2017. 12112: 11664: 11451: 10918: 10388:

Catalan actors have shot for Spanish and international productions, such as

9913:), fiscorn (family of bugles) and contrabaix with three strings played by a 9714:

was declared Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by

9639: 9478: 9453: 7690:. As of 1999, it was estimated that over 60% of Catalans descended from 20th 7396: 7328: 7226: 7158: 7103: 6789: 6764: 6705: 6598: 6153: 5676: 5509:

realised as changes to the statewide provinces system are unconstitutional.

2752: 1225: 19724: 19688: 19654: 19288: 18643: 18449: 17405: 14546:"Catalonia can call itself a 'nation', rules Spain's top court 29 Jun 2010" 13170: 13009: 12705: 11808: 10962: 10790: 10737: 10707: 10658: 10626: 10527: 10519: 10481: 10328: 10244: 10089: 9972: 9964: 9960: 9926: 9849: 9674: 9635: 9607: 9573: 9524: 9199: 8900: 8465: 6530:

There are 12,000 kilometres (7,500 mi) of roads throughout Catalonia.

6392: 6165: 5412: 5287:

2022 Together for Catalonia (Junts) left the coalition and the government.

3981: 3911: 3841: 3772: 3758: 3721: 3635:

and numerous irrigation canals have been built. Another major plain is the

3608: 3588:: structural unit which forms the eastern sector of the Valley of the Ebro. 3474: 3430: 3263: 2913: 2724: 2677: 2626: 2592:, as well as their pactist politics, within a French-style centralized and 2398: 2228:), being considered one of the "milestones of Catalan political identity". 2217: 2145:(878–897) made his titles hereditaries and thus founded the dynasty of the 1994: 1923: 1774: 1484: 1465: 1221: 1089: 853: 843: 185: 17857: 15091:"Ley 16/1990, de 13 de julio, sobre el régimen especial del Valle de Arán" 14083:"Referèndum per la independència de Catalunya – Centre d'Estudis d'Opinió" 13487:"Los presos del 'procés' abandonan la cárcel tras el indulto del Gobierno" 13396:"UNPO: UNPO Welcomes the Assemblea Nacional Catalana as its Newest Member" 12794: 12645:

Finestres, Jordi; López, Manel (2014). "Entre la revolució i l'estelada".

12232: 11725:"La Catalogne: son nom et ses limites historiques, Histoire de Roussillon" 10828: 10488:(FIRA) in 1934. The majority of Catalan sport federations are part of the 9998:, a choral society founded in 1891, with its monumental concert hall, the 9564:(who are considered mainly responsible for the renewal of Catalan prose), 9379: 9202:. The Gothic developed in Barcelona and its area of influence is known as 9046: 9029: 6690: 5075:, Barcelona, headquarters of the President and the Government of Catalonia 4986:

The Preamble of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia states that the

2504:(7 June 1640), one of the main events of the Reaper's War. Painted in 1910 20548: 20240: 20058: 19514: 19253: 19226: 18536: 16671: 16239:"Baròmetre sobre la religiositat i sobre la gestió de la seva diversitat" 14576: 14196: 10871: 10503: 10458: 10404: 10359: 10332: 9948: 9623: 9528: 9512: 9385: 9230: 9183: 9086: 9074: 9066: 8514: 8433: 7687: 7631:

As of 2017, the official population of Catalonia was 7,522,596. 1,194,947

6770: 6745: 6653: 6068: 5961: 5205: 3880: 3865: 3804: 3768: 3733: 3632: 3426: 3240:

on 17 May 2018, after the Spanish courts blocked three other candidates.

3095: 2747: 2409: 2350: 2096: 1983: 1821: 1735:, important remains survive, the greater part dated between 8000 and 5000 1724: 1392: 20467: 20447: 20357: 13961:"El 42% de los catalanes dice que quiere que Cataluña sea independiente" 13005:"What happened with Catalonia's vote for independence – and what's next" 12589:

Exposiciones internacionales y urbanismo: el proyecto Expo Zaragoza 2008

10604: 9921:(the "dance of sticks"), the moixiganga, the goigs (popular songs), the 9542: 8897:

even as an example which "should be disseminated throughout the Union".

6200:

The stock market of Barcelona, which in 2016 had a volume of around €152

5957: 5275:, Barcelona. In 2021 the government was a coalition of two parties, the 2964:

led in 1938 and 1939 to the occupation of Catalonia by Franco's forces.

2723:

in Barcelona became the first factory in the country to make use of the

2544:

The most significant conflict concerning the governing monarchy was the

1888: 20302: 19574: 19504: 16675: 16046: 14039:"MAPA | ¿Cómo se distribuye el voto independentista en Catalunya?" 12024:

The revolt of the Catalans: a study in the decline of Spain (1598–1640)

10930: 10925: 10802: 10564:

Catalonia hosted many relevant international sport events, such as the

10466: 10450: 10349: 10320: 10316: 10101: 10065: 10015: 9569: 9535:

and others. During the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, the Civil War (

9367: 9226: 9073:

for the Romanticism and Catalan Orientalism of the nineteenth century,

7407: 6910:

that operates commuter and regional services, and the Spanish national

6138:

in Tarragona. In the High Pyrenees there are several ski resorts, near

6016: 5225: 5066: 4223: 4023: 4005: 3989: 3985: 3928: 3849: 3808: 3693: 3230: 3038: 2992: 2750:

cultural renaissance from the second third of the century onwards, the

2681: 2589: 2534: 2526: 2173: 2169: 2088: 2083:

river from the Muslims and created heavily militarised, self-governing

2064: 1782: 1732: 1545: 1272:, remaining one of the most economically dynamic communities in Spain. 427: 20402: 20397: 20387: 16244:. Institut Opiniòmetre, Generalitat de Catalunya. 2014. Archived from 16208:. Institut Opiniòmetre, Generalitat de Catalunya. 2016. Archived from 15336: 13868:"CEO Public Opinion Poll covering, among others, nationalist opinions" 13595:"Support for Catalan independence falls to historic low, poll reveals" 13164:

Jones, Sam; Burgen, Stephen; Graham-Harrison, Emma (28 October 2017).

12976: 12782: 11973:"Las Cortes Catalanas y la primera Generalidad medieval (s. XIII–XIV)" 10889:

Catalonia is internationally recognized for its fine dining. Three of

10813:(bread with tomato), which consists of bread (sometimes toasted), and 10262: 10002:

in Catalan, built by Lluís Domènech i Montaner from 1905 to 1908, the

7119: 6480: 5668: 4031: 3951:

or PEIN) in 1992 while eighteen Natural Spaces of Special Protection (

3660: 3636: 1748: 1425:

derives from the term "land of castles", having evolved from the term

20537: 20332: 20327: 19998: 19908: 19529: 18748: 18040: 15860: 13646: 10818: 10794: 10546: 10202: 10129: 9770: 9690: 9557: 9285:, located at the foothills of the Pyrenees, in the province of Lleida 9128: 8775:

of the population claim to use both languages equally, whereas 45.92%

7679: 7430: 7323: 7098: 7080: 6961: 6952:) and the Spanish AVE service began commercial services on the line 9 6795: 6582: 6476: 6456: 6194: 6043: 5824: 5794: 5757: 5569: 5559: 5217: 4885: 3924: 3884: 3729: 3725: 3702: 3566: 3555: 3075: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2779: 2334:, which gained considerable political power over the next centuries. 2256: 2244: 2130: 2087:. These counties formed part of the historiographically known as the 2080: 2052: 1971: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1931: 1876: 1856: 1852: 1833: 1755: 1456: 1434: 1338:

is subject to diverse interpretations because of a lack of evidence.

1048:

Modern-day Catalonia comprises most of the medieval and early modern

1034: 832: 377: 20457: 18309: 17971:

MRIF – Ministère des Relations internationales et de la Francophonie

17834:. International Institute of Gastronomy, Culture, Arts and Tourism. 17198:"Alicia Sánchez-Camacho responde en 'Tengo una pregunta para usted'" 17116:"Cinema law: rude case to not dub and subtitle all films in Catalan" 16760:. Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat. pp. 9–18. 11891:

Las Invasiones Bárbaras en Hispania y la Creación del Reino Visigodo

11232:"Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (2006), Articles 6, 50 – BOPC 224" 10331:, this genre has achieved some international recognition. Then, the 10218: 10037:, Isaac Albéniz and Enric Granados. The Barcelona main opera house, 9811: 9019: 7357: 7294: 6892: 4940: 4565: 3656: 2728: 2695: 1131:. Within the Crown, the Catalan counties merged in to a polity, the 20527: 20382: 20287: 20088: 19938: 19809: 19683: 18551: 18498: 18098: 18093: 15362: 15270:"Barcelona, la octava mejor ciudad del mundo para vivir y trabajar" 14663:"Padró municipal d'habitants. Xifres Oficials. Recomptes. Any 2010" 12774: 11514: 11511:"EU court reinstates MEP immunity of Catalonia's Carles Puigdemont" 10898: 10622: 10531: 10473: 10454: 10206: 10117: 10105: 9910: 9732: 9246: 9136: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7255: 7221: 7187: 7143: 7133: 6985: 6185: 6173: 6158: 3856:

hugs the coastline, and it is split into two segments, one between

3837: 3706: 3624: 3559: 3463: 3259: 2821:

After the fall of the dictatorship and a brief proclamation of the

2466: 2160: 1919: 1900: 1860: 1848: 1810: 1744: 1720: 1716: 1480: 1476: 1319: 1085: 1014: 801: 18030: 18001:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

17936: 17883: 17142:"La nova llei del cinema elimina les quotes de doblatge en català" 15856:"Barcelona to Paris from €35 in 6h29m | Times, Tickets & Info" 15420:"Catalunya va créixer un 3,3% el 2015, una dècima més que Espanya" 14167:"El "no" a la independencia gana más apoyos, según el CIS catalán" 13341:"Quim Torra pren possessió com a 131è president de la Generalitat" 12946:"Un milió i mig de manifestants per la independència de Catalunya" 12586:

Monclús, Francisco Javier; Francisco Javier Monclús Fraga (2006).

11137:"Idescat. Annual indicators. Population on 1 January 2024. By sex" 8783:

mainly use Catalan. There is a significant difference between the

8748: 6873: 5375: 5224:(2016–2017) and, after the imposition of direct rule from Madrid, 4851:, ruled Catalonia from 1980 to 2003, and returned to power in the 4712:

2016, 47% of Catalans rejected independence and 45% supported it.

3592: 3421:

episodes and subzero temperatures during winter, mainly along the

3057: 1781:

BC, with the beginning of the construction of copper objects. The

20503: 20452: 20437: 20392: 20197: 20133: 18633: 18591: 18546: 18541: 15388:""Catalonia calls for help from central government to pay debts"" 14287:"Spain Barcelona Warns Madrid: Pay Up, or Catalonia Leaves Spain" 13395: 10848: 10693: 10680: 10535: 10250: 10221:, the TV channel of Barcelona, which also broadcasts in Catalan. 10178: 9906: 9894: 9890: 9883: 9863:

Catalonia became another Spanish territory to forbid bullfighting

9831: 9711: 9697: 9312: 9258: 9218: 8811: 8522: 8506: 8423: 7362: 7305: 6900: 6774: 6728: 6669: 6513: 5997: 5901: 5839: 5619: 5579: 5408: 5356: 3817: 3741: 3682: 3222: 3047: 2949: 2938:

military rebellion against the Republican government in Barcelona

2874: 2689: 2394: 2349:

The domains of the Aragonese Crown were severely affected by the

2006: 1872: 1868: 1652: 1257: 1069: 565: 16138:"Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año" 16108:"Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año" 15685:

Martín, Àlex Font Manté, Natàlia Vila, Albert (6 October 2018).

15147:"Catalunya mantiene el papel de locomotora de España en el 2018" 12424:"Comportament lingüístic davant dels cossos policials espanyols" 9132: 6673: 6479:(owned and operated by Puertos del Estado) in the southwest and 5423:

establishes the administrative organisation of the later three.

4772: 2314:

and the king. The legislation of Catalonia had to be passed the

1691: 1017:

mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four

231: 20522: 20482: 20372: 19923: 17911:"VIDEO: Nuevo León y Cataluña, ¿tierras hermanas? – Publimetro" 15891:"Idescat. Anuari estadístic de Catalunya. Població. Províncies" 15244:"Rating: Calificación de la deuda de las Comunidades Autónomas" 14143:(in Catalan). Center for Public Opinion Studies. Archived from 14114:(in Catalan). Center for Public Opinion Studies. Archived from 11069: 10942: 10937: 10825:, iberic ham, etc.), ham or cheeses. Others dishes include the 10814: 10477: 10462: 10182: 10170: 9902: 9746: 9715: 9328: 9301: 9058: 8771:

claim Catalan as "their own language"). In everyday use, 11.95%

7698: 7344: 7289: 7114: 6981: 6933: 6712: 6570: 6139: 6115: 6082:

List of country subdivisions by GDP over 100 billion US dollars

5951: 5870: 5855: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5518:) provided six general functional areas, but was amended by Law 4995: 4991: 4843:

Parties that consider themselves either Catalan nationalist or

4814: 3869: 3861: 3792: 3398:) at the highest summits, while the valleys have a maritime or 3006: 2495: 2126: 2084: 2060: 1986:, parallel to Mediterranean coastline) and infrastructure like 1864: 1460:, meaning "chiefs of battle", similar to the Celtic given name 1438: 1077: 1061: 17464:"TV3 estableix un nou rècord: nou anys de liderat consecutius" 16176:(in Catalan). Institut Opiniòmetre, Generalitat de Catalunya. 14945:"Mapa de Vegueries a Catalunya (2021): On és el teu municipi?" 13166:"Spain dissolves Catalan parliament and calls fresh elections" 13070:"Catalan Separatists Plot Show of Force in Battle With Madrid" 12515:

A distinctive industrialisation. Cotton in Barcelona 1728-1832

8822:) has also been official and subject to special protection in 5453:). As of 2010, the four provinces and their populations were: 5010:. The objections are based on various issues such as disputed 4855:. Between 2003 and 2010, a leftist coalition, composed by the 3904: 3201:. Subsequent developments saw, on 27 October 2017, a symbolic 2774:

proclaiming the Catalan Republic on 14 April 1931 in Barcelona

2193:, being one of the first European compilations of feudal law. 1464:; although the area is not known to have been occupied by the 20462: 20412: 20322: 20312: 20184: 19883: 17581:"SENTENCE ARBITRALE rendue par le TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DU SPORT" 16943:

Usos lingüístics. Llengua inicial, d'identificació i habitual

14925:

Aprovació del Pla territorial parcial de l'Alt Pirineu i Aran

13333: 11043: 10798: 10290: 10217:

and the local televisions, the greatest exponent of which is

10166: 10085: 10022: 9922: 9914: 9898: 9707: 8443: 7310: 6911: 5741: 4762: 3269:

In the early-to-mid 2020s support for independence declined.

2377:

as King of the Crown of Aragon. During the reign of his son,

2280: 2014: 2010: 1979: 1408: 1404: 1358: 1268:(1975–1982), the Generalitat was reestablished and Catalonia 293: 16404:

Joan Miralles i Montserrat; Josep Massot i Muntaner (2001).

8556: 6368:

entity) except two airports in Lleida which are operated by

6098:: 3%. The amount of land devoted to agricultural use is 33%. 3551: 2604: 2172:, Count of Barcelona, did not recognise the new French king 2021:

century, the main cities suffered frequent sacking and some

1699:

contains paintings protected as part of the Rock art of the

1216:

In the 19th century, Catalonia was severely affected by the

18597: 17742: 15372: 14799:"La Catalunya de 9 vegueries (en 4 províncies) - femVallès" 12761:

Thomas, Earl W. (March 1962), "The Resurgence of Catalan",

10822: 10420: 10256: 10224:

The two main Catalan newspapers of general information are

10174: 9879: 9461: 8962: 8803:

Spain, and Aranese Occitan, which is spoken in Val d'Aran.

7710: 7425: 6896: 6749: 6361: 3888: 3784: 3714: 3447: 3422: 3014: 2885:

Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and Franco's rule (1939–1975)

2870: 2059:

for almost two and a half centuries. In 718, it came under

1978:

BC). It was a rich agricultural province (olive oil, wine,

1605: 1602: 1596: 1587: 922: 919: 913: 904: 828: 15687:"Així va fer l'Estat la guerra econòmica contra Catalunya" 13457:"El Gobierno concede el indulto a los presos del 'procés'" 13163: 12972:"Did the referendum comply with basic voting regulations?" 12139: 9971:. The Romantic music was represented by composers such as 6204:

billion, is the second largest of Spain after Madrid, and

5541:

As of 2022, the eight regions and their populations were:

2656:. In 1808, it was occupied by French troops under general 2129:

nominated by the emperor of the Franks, to whom they were

1468:, a Celtic culture was present within the interior of the 15625:"Más de 5.600 empresas han huido de Cataluña en dos años" 13812:"Title IV. Powers (articles 110–173) of the 2006 Statute" 13568:"Polls Show Support for Catalonia Independence Declining" 12421: 12333:

Racisme i supremacisme polítics a l'Espanya contemporània

12283:

L'intent franquista de genocidi cultural contra Catalunya

10125: 9729:(giants), bigheads, stick-dancers and musicians, and the 9592:. In addition, several foreign writers who fought in the 9144:

The most important painting museums of Catalonia are the

6929: 6877: 5697: 5692:

As of 2024, Catalonia is divided in 42 counties plus the

5379:

Provinces, regions and counties of Catalonia (until 2015)

3090:

in 1979, which defined Catalonia as a "nationality". The

2137:" for these counties dates to 1117. At the end of the 9th 1581: 1260:, from the late 1950s through to the 1970s Catalonia saw 898: 105: 16754:"greuges de Guitard isarn, Senyor de Caboet (1080–1095)" 15538:"Banco Sabadell traslada su domicilio social a Alicante" 15450:"Structural Funds programmes in Catalonia – (2000–2006)" 15179:"S&P mantiene la deuda de Cataluña en "bono basura"" 15117:"Comparar Comunidades Autónomas Madrid vs Cataluña 2020" 14254:"Masiva manifestación por la independencia de Catalunya" 14197:"Spain's Catalonia region in symbolic independence vote" 12673:

The Spanish Civil war: Revolution and counter-revolution

12308:

Recopilació d'accions genocides contra la nació catalana

10522:(also known as Barça), who have won five European Cups ( 9967:("The Old" and "The Young"). Baroque had composers like 9678:

Castell 4 de 9 amb folre i pilar by Colla Vella de Valls

9053:. Closely linked with the Catalan pictorial atmosphere, 8505:. At the same time, 18.6% of the population identify as 5312:

Mossos d'Esquadra-Policia de la Generalitat de Catalunya

4016:; as well as three Natural Places of National Interest ( 15824:"High speed services between France and Spain launched" 15332:"BBVA no descarta que la economía catalana caiga un 2%" 14349:"First article of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalunya" 11561: 11085:

Puigdemont is still wanted by the government in Madrid.

9483:(Renaissance) represented by writers and poets such as 9442:

centuries. After that period, between the 16th and 19th

6585:. The main roads generally radiate from Barcelona. The 5728:) in Catalonia. Each municipality is run by a council ( 3156:

was appointed president. The new government redacted a

2873:

to the government of the Republic, considered close to

2326:), were presided over by the monarch, and approved the 1801:, whose successive waves of migration began around 1200 1793:

zone. The Bronze Age coincided with the arrival of the

1076:

to the east, and the Spanish autonomous communities of

1041:

in Spain and the fifth-most populous urban area in the

17494:"ABC (Madrid) – 24/04/1974, p. 49 – ABC.es Hemeroteca" 15962:"Catalans woo immigrants in quest to split from Spain" 15363:"Spanish Region of Catalonia: Using Debt to Get Rich". 13714: 13615:. Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya. 2016. 13311:"Catalonia Independence: nine former ministers jailed" 12285:(in Catalan). Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat. 12017: 10534:(now UEFA Europa League). Barcelona currently play in 10146: 9206:, with some particular characteristics. The church of 4867:, implemented policies that widened Catalan autonomy. 4664:

This autonomous community has gradually achieved more

2345:. The Principality of Catalonia appears in light green 17304:"Tarragona, City of Human Towers - Tarragona Turisme" 14397:. Hoy.es. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012 14037:

López, Belén Picazo, David Ruiz (28 September 2015).

13512:

Centre d'Estudis d'Opinió, Generalitat de Catalunya.

12388: 12355: 9272: 8798:

has enjoyed special status since the approval of the

7022: 6922:, administered by the Catalan government since 2010. 3799:, but it only covers 1.73% of the Catalan territory. 2521:(1640–1652), which saw Catalonia rebel (briefly as a 2291:, were incorporated into the dynastic domains of the 1599: 1578: 916: 895: 892: 17074: 16672:"Catalan, Basque and Galician get EU language boost" 16467: 16428: 16304:"Idescat. Dades demogràfiques i de qualitat de vida" 15794:"Spain completes Iberia's high-speed link to Europe" 14768:"Traient l'entrellat a les vegueries - 12 març 2010" 12906:"Anàlisi de les retallades a l'estatut de Catalunya" 11330:"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab" 10952: 10580:. It held annually the fourth-oldest still-existing 10209:. Other smaller Catalan television channels include 8857:, and with the exception of the short period of the 8794:

Originating in the historic territory of Catalonia,

8763:

claim Spanish as "their own language"), followed by

6887:

Catalonia saw the first railway construction in the

6432:

Aerial view of Zona Franca and the Port of Barcelona

5675:

counties, in 2015 and 2023 respectively. Except for

3030:

of Barcelona for the crime of 'military rebellion'.

2220:

of the Aragonese Crown. During the reign of his son

2079:

took control of the area between Septimania and the

1879:). Coastal trading colonies were established by the 1593: 1584: 1564:, both with the addition of common Romance suffixes. 1529: 1512: 1382: 1376: 1370: 910: 901: 868: 19878: 19416:

White Paper on the National Transition of Catalonia

17546: 15654:Manté, Albert Martín / àlex Font (5 October 2018). 14392: 14006: 14004: 13892: 13786:"The republican Government of Catalonia, 1931–1939" 13242: 11926: 11557: 11555: 3205:by the Parliament of Catalonia, the enforcement of 2786:trade union in 1910 and achieving one of the first 1777:

period developed in Catalonia between 2500 and 1800

1590: 1190:(1701–1714), the Crown of Aragon sided against the 1135:, developing its own institutional system, such as 907: 20666:Regions of Europe with multiple official languages 18031:Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia) 15386: 15238: 15236: 14544: 13371: 13198:"Directo: El Senado aprueba la aplicación del 155" 11932: 11474:. Ministry for Foreign Action and European Union. 10893:are in Catalonia, and four restaurants have three 8525:, and a further 3.4% as being of other religions. 7673:In 1900, the population of Catalonia was 1,966,382 2798:) in Barcelona in 1909. Under the hegemony of the 2625:was the first step in the creation of the Spanish 1970:AD (Tarraco, the capital, was already a colony of 1715:. The oldest known trace of human occupation is a 1483:that lived in the area and whose name, due to the 17773:"Spain's El Bulli named best restaurant in world" 16506: 16165: 16163: 14012:"El apoyo a la independencia remite y cae al 40%" 13955: 13953: 12801:Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 11590: 5504:. Established in 2006, vegueries are used by the 3868:), and the other at the south, at the Costes del 2453:were married in 1469, later taking the title the 2071:. From the conquest of Roussillon in 760, to the 1962:was granted to all free men of the empire by the 1903:briefly ruled the territory in the course of the 1441:). This theory therefore suggests that the names 20661:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union 20637: 15384: 14415:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 14001: 13760:"Beginnings of the autonomous regime, 1918–1932" 13669:"The Cetaceans of the Spanish Coasts: A Survey". 12626:14 d'abril: la Catalunya republicana (1931–1939) 12579: 11552: 9663: 9552:The most outstanding authors of this period are 8561:First habitual language, 2018 Demographic Survey 6360:Airports in Catalonia are owned and operated by 3728:of the oceans; various types of whales (such as 2038:Origins of the blason of the County of Barcelona 2001:century, was completed in urban areas in the 4th 16355:Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població 2008 16255:Quick data from the 2014 barometer of Catalonia 16231: 16219:Quick data from the 2016 barometer of Catalonia 16100: 15233: 13926:"Diagnóstic de Percepcions Catalunya – Espanya" 12166:Gelderen, Martin van; Skinner, Quentin (2002). 11398:"Court to reject 'nation' in Catalonia statute" 11362:, Institut D'Estudis Aranesi, 2018, p. 8, 11226: 11224: 11222: 11220: 10550:Championships). It also has many international 10124:for hard rock, electropop since the 1990s with 9471:The second moment of splendor began in the 19th 6972:2013, leading to an average travel time on the 6000:(€31,389). That year, the GDP growth was 2.3%. 5968:plays an important role in the Catalan economy. 4872:25 November 2012 Catalan parliamentary election 3316: Mediterranean climate of alpine influence 2877:. After the electoral victory of the left wing 2825:, during the events of the proclamation of the 2537:and half of Cerdanya was lost to France by the 2389:(1462–1486) that left Catalonia exhausted. The 2133:(801–988). The earliest known use of the name " 19613:Association of Municipalities for Independence 16986: 16859:"Second article of Catalonia's linguistic law" 16330:"Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (Article 6)" 16195: 16160: 15217:. Javier Godó. La Vanguardia. 31 August 2012. 14494:. Edinburgh: News.scotsman.com. 10 July 2010. 13950: 12964: 12644: 12255: 10717:is on 11 September, and it is commonly called 9319:Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí 7694:century migrations from other parts of Spain. 5651:in English, but different from the historical 5290: 5271:) appointed by the president. Its seat is the 3254:On 14 October 2019, the Spanish Supreme court 3249:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 3213:and the dissolution of the Parliament, with a 2517:led to an uprising of peasants, provoking the 2469:and benefited from the riches acquired in the 2365:died without surviving descendants. Under the 2164:A 15th-century miniature of the Catalan Courts 1301: 20564: 20256: 20207: 19864: 19149: 18731: 18707: 18056: 17908: 17370:"A traditional Nativity scene, Catalan-style" 17020:"El Blog de Antonio Sabadell – Blog Personal" 16885:"Ninth article of Catalonia's Linguistic Law" 16628:. Blogs.periodistadigital.com. Archived from 16602:. Blogs.periodistadigital.com. Archived from 14432:"Cuatro años de encarnizada batalla política" 13248: 12482: 12258:La persecució política de la llengua catalana 12233:"Els orígens històrics de l’anticatalanisme". 12187: 11565:Historia del nacionalismo catalán: 2a edición 11424:"Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, article 1" 10859: 10842: 10834: 10826: 10806: 10777: 10753: 10735: 10718: 10691: 10493: 10425: 10186: 9938: 9930: 9847: 9829: 9820: 9785: 9756: 9738: 9730: 9722: 9701: 9476: 9451: 9120: 8918: 8905: 8891: 8885: 8464:Historically, all the Catalan population was 6915: 6621: 6603: 6564: 6546: 6521: 6488: 6441: 6050:million, i.e. 38% of the total debt of the 17 5996:(€35,041), the Basque Country (€33,223), and 5773: 5767: 5761: 5751: 5745: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5684: 5513: 5347: 5310: 5302: 5266: 5256: 5246: 5240: 5191: 5149: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5101: 5087: 4908:seats and was the most voted party, and CUP ( 4605: 4017: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3892: 2861:(ERC) leaders Francesc Macià (1931–1933) and 1950:was granted to all cities under the reign of 1847:side of the peninsula – was populated by the 1816: 1027:(regions), which are in turn divided into 42 519:32,113.86 km (12,399.23 sq mi) 183: 121: 89: 59:Autonomous community and nationality in Spain 18020:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 17439:(in Catalan). 1 January 2019. Archived from 16545: 15715:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 14639:. Civil.udg.es. 20 July 2006. Archived from 14159: 14067:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 14030: 12930:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 12457:"Les modifications intérieures de la France" 12330: 12125:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 11500:. Pagès Editors (Lleida, 2004), pp. 144–149. 11217: 5972:A highly industrialized region, the nominal 5204:(1977–1980, president in exile since 1954), 2548:(1701–1715), which began when the childless 1535: 1275:In the 2010s, there was growing support for 19440:Law on the Referendum on Self-determination 17249:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 17081:. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. p. 24. 16700: 16669: 15955: 14884:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 14718:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 14542: 12728:. Cambridge University Press. p. 139. 12592:. Univ. Politèc. de Catalunya. p. 48. 12198:(Second ed.). Macmillan. p. 227. 11913:. Pagès Editors, (Lleida, 2004) pp. 144–49. 11865:; Routledge & Kegan 1971, pp. 107–120)" 11445: 11099: 10495:Unió de Federacions Esportives de Catalunya 9951:in the eleventh century or the compilation 9426:, written either in late 11th or early 12th 9170:Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona 6091:The distribution of sectors is as follows: 5370: 5120:) or the Audiovisual Council of Catalonia ( 3905:Anthropic pressure and protection of nature 3256:sentenced several Catalan political leaders 1318:, began to be used for the homeland of the 1201:(1713) the Catalans were defeated with the 23: 20676:States and territories established in 1979 20671:States and territories established in 1932 20578: 20571: 20557: 20270: 20263: 20249: 19871: 19857: 19628:Committees for the Defense of the Republic 19400:Draft Constitution of the Catalan Republic 19156: 19142: 18738: 18724: 18063: 18049: 17148:(in Catalan). 23 July 2014. Archived from 15885: 15883: 14902:. Generalitat de Catalunya. Archived from 14577:"A nationality, not a nation Jul 1st 2010" 14492:"Catalonia 'is not a nation' 10 July 2010" 14462:"Ni un retoque en 74 artículos recurridos" 14325:. Generalitat de Catalunya. Archived from 13249:Ponce de León, Rodrigo (27 October 2017). 13135:"Catalans declare independence from Spain" 13029: 12554:The Revolutionary Left in Spain, 1914–1923 11771:Anàlisi històrica de la identitat catalana 11196:Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado 10486:Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur 10431:values and social norms of their society. 10397:Museum of Cinema - Tomàs Mallol Collection 9780:One of the most deeply rooted and curious 5399:Catalonia is organised territorially into 5338:system is uniform throughout Spain, while 4612: 4598: 2967:The defeat of the Spanish Republic in the 2121:These counties came under the rule of the 1334:and his relatives. The origin of the name 236:Catalonia (dark green) in Spain and Europe 24: 19424:Initiation of the Process of Independence 17699:"Law 1/1993 National Anthem of Catalonia" 17461: 17362: 16916:. University of Barcelona. Archived from 16911:"DESCOBRIR LES LLENGÜES DE LA IMMIGRACIÓ" 16796:Estudis d'història de la llengua catalana 16626:"Diario Periodista Digital, Spanish Only" 16600:"Diario Periodista Digital, Spanish Only" 15993: 14796: 13860: 13838:"Centrifugal Spain: Umbrage in Catalonia" 13708: 13347:(in Catalan). 17 May 2018. Archived from 12820: 11936:The Feudal Monarchy in France and England 10912: 10353:(co-directed with Valencian Paco Plaza), 10043:Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu 9257:and Josep Torres i Clavé, members of the 6003:Catalonia's long-term credit rating is BB 5740:) depending on population, who elect the 5188:President of the Generalitat of Catalonia 5171:, and its current speaker (president) is 5138:President of the Generalitat of Catalonia 5096:, the Presidency of the Generalitat, the 2605:The beginning of the Spanish nation state 2525:led by the president of the Generalitat, 2449:, the grandson of Ferdinand I, and Queen 2357:. Between 1347 and 1497 Catalonia lost 37 2149:, which reigned in Catalonia until 1410. 1548:in nearby areas. In this model, the name 19730:Republican Left of the Valencian Country 18006: 17398: 15631:(in European Spanish). 14 October 2019. 14374:Constitución Española, Titulo Preliminar 13984: 13982: 12725:Cultural Contestation in Ethnic Conflict 12696:, pp. 476–477. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. 12667: 12260:(in Catalan). Edicions 62. p. 320. 12093:Huxtable, Elliott, J. H. (John) (2002). 12092: 11646: 10772: 10675: 10295: 10145: 9878: 9810: 9751: 9681: 9673: 9541: 9475:century with the cultural and political 9460: 9288: 9276: 9178: 8899: 8747: 6950:Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line 6872: 6512: 6427: 6342: 6152: 6067: 6056: 5956: 5945: 5937: 5374: 5301:Catalonia has its own police force, the 5193:president de la Generalitat de Catalunya 5128: 5114:) the Council for Statutory Guarantees ( 4977:Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979 4939: 4904:, Together for Yes). Junts pel Sí won 62 4637: 3767: 3757: 3670: 3591: 3550: 3543:and other coastal and pre-coastal plains 3446: 3281: 3238:President of the Government of Catalonia 3173: 3125: 3106:, in 1983, and the broadcasting network 3065: 3005: 2849:. The left-wing pro-independence leader 2837:1931), Catalonia received, in 1932, its 2766: 2694: 2636: 2494: 2433: 2336: 2159: 2151: 2102: 2032: 1820: 1690: 1248:as the autonomous government. After the 1123:were united by marriage, resulting in a 32:This is an accepted version of this page 19279:2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis 17113: 15880: 15763:"Regional Unemployment by NUTS2 Region" 14429: 14393:Europa Press/Madrid (1 December 1997). 14229:. Lavanguardia.com. 14 September 2012. 13369: 12511: 12422:Plataforma per la llengua, ed. (2019). 11562:Maximiano García Venero (7 July 2006). 11300:"PIB de las Comunidades Autónomas 2020" 11264:"Llei de la llengua de signes catalana" 10530:, who have twice been runner-up of the 9857:On 28 July 2010, second only after the 9217:(such as the Palau de la Generalitat), 8994: 8938:broadcasts programs mainly in Catalan. 6626:) connect inland and onward to Madrid. 3724:are rich in biodiversity, and even the 3058:Transition and democratic period (1975– 2353:pandemic and by later outbreaks of the 241:Map of Spain with Catalonia highlighted 14: 20638: 19638:Socialist Party of National Liberation 18070: 17222: 16408:. L'Abadia de Montserrat. p. 72. 15817: 15815: 15800:from the original on 24 September 2015 15684: 14900:"Pla territorial general de Catalunya" 14853: 14731: 14729: 14687: 14299:from the original on 20 September 2012 13848:from the original on 25 September 2013 13717:"Catalunya: El clima i la hidrografia" 13592: 13094: 13076:from the original on 13 September 2017 13067: 13002: 12760: 12550: 12193: 12177:. Cambridge University Press. p. 284. 12063: 12057: 11933:C. Petit-Dutaillis (5 November 2013). 10882:. There is also a sparkling wine, the 8736:Total population 15 year old and over 7472: 6487:(26) are operated and administered by 6239:Unemployment rate (December data) (%) 5315:), whose origins date back to the 18th 4919: 4653:of 1932 but lost with the fall of the 3158:new version of the Statute of Autonomy 2680:erupted against the newly established 2632: 2198:Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona 2108:Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona 1627:, the most widely spoken variety, and 1556:while the adjective and language name 1168:the Principality of Catalonia revolted 1009:) is situated on the northeast of the 20552: 20244: 19852: 19137: 18719: 18706: 18044: 17401:"Catalonia votes to ban bullfighting" 17380:from the original on 12 February 2019 16792: 16148:from the original on 21 February 2022 16032: 16014:from the original on 21 December 2021 15901:from the original on 24 November 2015 15653: 15221:from the original on 3 September 2015 14587:from the original on 25 February 2018 14284: 14036: 13979: 13540: 13467:from the original on 31 December 2021 13454: 13384:from the original on 10 January 2022. 13068:Duarte, Esteban (11 September 2017). 12984:from the original on 19 December 2019 12903: 12305: 12280: 11911:Catalunya a la fi del primer mil·leni 11731:from the original on 18 December 2010 11498:Catalunya a la fi del primer mil·leni 11404:from the original on 23 December 2015 11310:from the original on 31 December 2015 11143:from the original on 22 December 2023 10538:while Espanyol currently play in the 9706:(teams). This practice originated in 9069:that marked the artistic Renaixença, 6509:List of primary highways in Catalonia 6042:, Catalonia was expected to suffer a 5679:, every comarca is administered by a 5123:Consell de l'Audiovisual de Catalunya 5052:Palace of the Parliament of Catalonia 5029: 4983:law, always under the law in Spain". 3966:Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici 3954:Espais Naturals de Protecció Especial 3643:within the Pre-Coastal Range include 3615:m), followed by the Puigpedrós (2,914 3136:2017–18 Spanish constitutional crisis 2971:brought to power the dictatorship of 1914:After the Carthaginian defeat by the 1660: 1646: 1628: 1618: 978: 963: 940: 19762:Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia 17947:from the original on 17 October 2016 17890:from the original on 22 October 2013 17785:from the original on 8 December 2015 17579:(TAS), Tribunal Arbitrale du Sport. 17534:from the original on 4 November 2016 17462:Gutiérrez, Àlex (31 December 2018). 17413:from the original on 12 October 2017 17178:from the original on 15 October 2015 16974:from the original on 18 January 2012 16751: 16682:from the original on 12 October 2017 16406:Entorn de la histáoria de la llengua 16381:. Ethnologue.com. 19 February 1999. 15773:from the original on 5 November 2018 15743:from the original on 7 November 2017 15399:from the original on 10 January 2022 15071:from the original on 4 February 2024 15041:from the original on 4 February 2024 15011:from the original on 4 February 2024 14805:from the original on 8 December 2023 14700:from the original on 4 February 2024 14617:from the original on 28 October 2022 14557:from the original on 10 January 2022 14207:from the original on 31 October 2010 14177:from the original on 20 October 2019 13667:Casinos, A.; Vericad, R. J. (2009). 13619:from the original on 12 October 2017 13261:from the original on 27 October 2017 13145:from the original on 22 January 2018 13017:from the original on 18 October 2017 12721: 12436:from the original on 20 October 2021 12370:from the original on 20 October 2021 11782: 11727:. Mediterranees.net. 22 March 2008. 11705:from the original on 3 February 2014 10858:Catalan vineyards also have several 10734:The national anthem of Catalonia is 10490:Sports Federation Union of Catalonia 9166:Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art 6023:(Low Investment Grade) according to 6015:(Non-Investment Grade) according to 6007:(Non-Investment Grade) according to 5515:Pla territorial general de Catalunya 5073:Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya 4008:, Sant Llorenç del Munt and l'Obac, 3692:Catalonia is a showcase of European 2471:Spanish colonisation of the Americas 1005:. Most of its territory (except the 226:Location of Catalonia (red) in Spain 19768:Democratic Convergence of Catalonia 19720:Catalan Solidarity for Independence 19456:Catalan declaration of independence 17913:. Publimetro.com.mx. Archived from 17231:from the original on 8 January 2014 17052:. normalitzacio.cat. Archived from 16955:Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya 16670:Spongenberg, Helena (4 July 2006). 16574:"Diario El Imparcial, Spanish Only" 16385:from the original on 3 October 2012 16310:from the original on 4 January 2010 15994:Costa Pau, Marta (1 October 1999). 15812: 15592: 15430:from the original on 5 October 2016 15282:from the original on 3 January 2021 15250:from the original on 21 August 2015 15189:from the original on 20 August 2015 15185:. Unidad Editorial. 17 April 2015. 14967: 14847: 14759: 14726: 14520:. Matthewbennett.es. Archived from 13963:. Cadenaser.com. 15 November 2010. 13938:from the original on 4 October 2018 13931:. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. 13291:from the original on 13 August 2020 12885:from the original on 2 October 2022 12324: 12148:from the original on 1 October 2012 11871:from the original on 2 October 2017 11597:. Longmans, Green, and co. p. 11356:Vocabulari fonetic basic der aranés 11280:from the original on 9 October 2022 10995:Date and time notation in Catalonia 10805:. Regional specialties include the 10135: 9261:and, in contemporany architecture, 7024:Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya 7018:Largest municipalities in Catalonia 6168:were based in Catalonia before the 5992:GDP was €30,426 ($ 32,888), behind 5512:The territorial plan of Catalonia ( 5167:affairs. The last Catalan election 3998:Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter 3417:can be especially persistent, with 1739:BC, such as those of Sant Gregori ( 1723:, described by some sources as pre- 1536: 1519: 1510:-), suggested an Arabic etymology: 1236:appeared. The establishment of the 1186:, were ceded to France. During the 56: 19795:Young Republican Left of Catalonia 19326:2019 trial of independence leaders 19264:2014 self-determination referendum 19232:2009–2011 independence referendums 17647:"Statute of Catalonia (Article 8)" 17314:from the original on 29 March 2023 17204:from the original on 10 March 2014 17075:Joan Albert Argenter, ed. (1991). 16996:. Presencia.cat. 26 January 2014. 16813:from the original on 25 April 2024 16774:from the original on 25 April 2024 16088:from the original on 27 March 2019 15927:from the original on 27 March 2019 15836:from the original on 31 March 2014 15791: 15697:from the original on 10 April 2023 15666:from the original on 10 April 2023 15574:from the original on 10 April 2023 14251: 14233:from the original on 29 April 2014 13967:from the original on 29 April 2014 13715:Gran Enciclopedia Catalana (ed.). 13682:. Volume 40. Issue 2, pp. 267–90. 13178:from the original on 26 April 2019 12742:from the original on 11 March 2022 12677:University of North Carolina Press 12532:from the original on 25 April 2024 12403:from the original on 27 March 2022 12045:from the original on 11 March 2022 11953:from the original on 11 March 2022 11572:from the original on 11 March 2022 11478:from the original on 27 March 2024 11163:"Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia" 11117:from the original on 26 April 2020 11111:Statistical Institute of Catalonia 10897:stars, including restaurants like 10690:The flag of Catalonia, called the 9868: 9773:in Catalonia lasts two days, plus 9273:Monuments and World Heritage Sites 8458: No answer/do not know (2.6%) 8346:Instituto Nacional de Estadística 7467: 6980:42m. This new line passes through 6569:). They follow the coast from the 6463:in the Mediterranean Sea, the 14th 5332:High Court of Justice of Catalonia 4936:Nationalities and regions of Spain 4019:Paratge Natural d'Interes Nacional 3713:. Other large species such as the 3666: 3324: Inland Mediterranean climate 1909:the surrounding Iberian population 1851:. The Iberians of this area – the 1758:era began in Catalonia around 5000 1391:theoretically derived. During the 202: 57: 20687: 19644:Catalan European Democratic Party 18024: 17864:from the original on 8 April 2014 17838:from the original on 10 June 2021 17753:from the original on 24 July 2021 17578: 17504:from the original on 30 June 2018 17118:. Cafebabel.co.uk. Archived from 17095:from the original on 8 April 2022 16891:from the original on 20 July 2016 16865:from the original on 20 July 2016 16839:from the original on 20 July 2016 16580:from the original on 20 July 2009 16554:from the original on 20 July 2011 16527:from the original on 7 April 2022 16488:from the original on 8 April 2022 16449:from the original on 8 April 2022 16284:from the original on 6 April 2024 16112:Instituto Nacional de Estadística 15868:from the original on 25 July 2018 15488:from the original on 26 June 2015 14981:from the original on 6 March 2024 14955:from the original on 29 June 2023 14866:from the original on 29 June 2023 14835:from the original on 15 June 2023 14778:from the original on 29 June 2023 14765: 14747:from the original on 30 June 2023 14498:from the original on 29 June 2011 14285:Abend, Lisa (11 September 2012). 14049:from the original on 24 July 2021 14014:. Lavanguardia.es. Archived from 13593:Heller, Fernando (19 July 2024). 13493:from the original on 23 June 2021 13406:from the original on 28 July 2019 13370:Strange, Hannah (23 March 2018). 13321:from the original on 29 July 2020 13230:from the original on 30 July 2020 13204:from the original on 29 July 2020 13115:from the original on 27 July 2020 13003:Epatko, Larisa (4 October 2017). 12855:History of Televisió de Catalunya 12389:Plataforma per la llengua (ed.). 12356:Plataforma per la llengua (ed.). 12310:(in Catalan). Base. p. 300. 12256:Ferrer Gironès, Francesc (1985). 12246:, nº 24, Universitat de València. 12196:Europe in the Seventeenth Century 11521:from the original on 22 June 2022 11205:from the original on 4 March 2016 11042:As "the official language of the 10574:2013 World Aquatics Championships 10193:(with few emissions in Catalan), 9225:. In the late nineteenth century 9123:Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya 8205:Foreign Population by Nationality 6960:2013, later offering services to 6475:passengers in 2014. The ports of 5707: 5117:Consell de Garanties Estatutàries 5006:, as well as by the conservative 4863:and the leftist-environmentalist 4761:Prominent Catalan politicians in 4253:President: Jesús María Barrientos 3942:Consell de Protecció de la Natura 3935:exceeds its administrative area. 3779:Most of Catalonia belongs to the 3717:have been recently reintroduced. 1487:influence, could have evolved by 1403:derives from the local medley of 20618: 20190: 20177: 20158: 20141: 20126: 20111: 20096: 20081: 20066: 20051: 20036: 20021: 20006: 19991: 19976: 19961: 19946: 19931: 19916: 19901: 19179: 19165: 18747: 18036:Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia 17994: 17959: 17929: 17902: 17876: 17850: 17820: 17797: 17765: 17735: 17717: 17705:from the original on 9 June 2011 17691: 17679:from the original on 9 June 2011 17665: 17639: 17609: 17572: 17516: 17486: 17455: 17425: 17399:Tremlett, Giles (28 July 2010). 17392: 17343: 17326: 17296: 17279: 17257: 17216: 17190: 17164: 17134: 17107: 17068: 17042: 17012: 17000:from the original on 6 July 2011 16970:. Europapress.es. 29 June 2009. 16960: 16935: 16903: 16877: 16851: 16825: 16786: 16745: 16713: 16701:ABCDESEVILA (23 November 2006). 16694: 16663: 16644: 16618: 16592: 16576:. Elimparcial.es. 26 July 2008. 16566: 16539: 16500: 16461: 16422: 16397: 16371: 16348: 16322: 16296: 16266: 16183:from the original on 19 May 2021 16130: 16070: 16061: 16026: 15987: 15974: 15939: 15913: 15848: 15785: 15755: 15723: 15678: 15647: 15635:from the original on 19 May 2020 15617: 15605:from the original on 19 May 2020 15586: 15556: 15544:from the original on 19 May 2020 15540:. Europa Press. 5 October 2017. 15530: 15518:from the original on 19 May 2020 15500: 15474: 15442: 15411: 15385:Financial Crisis (25 May 2012). 15378: 15375:News. Retrieved 14 October 2013. 15356: 15344:from the original on 3 July 2022 15324: 15294: 15262: 15201: 15171: 15159:from the original on 19 May 2020 15139: 15127:from the original on 29 May 2020 15109: 15097:from the original on 8 June 2011 15083: 15053: 15023: 14993: 14937: 14918: 14892: 14817: 14790: 14681: 14655: 14629: 14599: 14569: 14536: 14510: 14484: 14472:from the original on 3 July 2022 14454: 14442:from the original on 3 July 2022 14423: 14386: 14367: 14341: 14311: 14278: 14245: 14219: 14189: 14173:(in Spanish). 12 November 2017. 14133: 14101: 14075: 13918: 13873:. ceo.gencat.cat. Archived from 13830: 13804: 13778: 13752: 13727: 13639:"EDMAKTUB I Estudio de cetáceos" 13095:Fidler, Matt (22 October 2017). 13049:from the original on 10 May 2019 12836:History of the Mossos d'Esquadra 12649:(in Catalan). Barcelona: 31–32. 12606:from the original on 19 May 2020 12483:Valls Junyent, Francesc (2004). 12463:from the original on 19 May 2020 12335:(7a ed.). Manresa: Parcir. 12140:Encyclopædia Britannica online. 11679:from the original on 6 June 2020 11379:from the original on 5 July 2021 11053: 11036: 11027: 10969: 10955: 10936: 10924: 10702:based on the heraldic emblem of 10647: 10633: 10615: 10607:, Barcelona. At the centre, the 10593: 9249:are modernists. In the field of 9150:National Art Museum of Catalonia 9109: 9100: 9018: 9009: 8185: 8169: 8153: 8137: 8121: 8105: 8089: 8073: 8057: 8041: 8025: 8009: 7993: 7977: 7961: 7945: 7929: 7913: 7897: 7881: 7865: 7849: 7833: 7817: 7801: 7785: 7769: 7137: 7127: 7084: 7074: 6891:in 1848, linking Barcelona with 6788: 6763: 6704: 6597: 5908: 5893: 5878: 5862: 5847: 5831: 5816: 5801: 5786: 5421:Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia 5065: 5044: 4926:Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia 4813: 4794: 4771: 4054: 3495: Smaller mountain ranges of 3356:Hot-summer Mediterranean climate 2912: 2903: 2486:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor 2141:century, the Count of Barcelona 2051:, the area was conquered by the 1946:). As for the rest of Hispania, 1574: 1174:under French protection. By the 1033:. The capital and largest city, 888: 286: 230: 220: 165: 153: 20651:Autonomous communities of Spain 19249:2012 independence demonstration 16548:"Diario El Mundo, Spanish Only" 15821: 15417: 15340:. Elpais.com. 14 January 2009. 14252:Pi, Jaume (11 September 2012). 13661: 13631: 13605: 13586: 13560: 13534: 13505: 13479: 13448: 13418: 13388: 13363: 13303: 13273: 13216: 13190: 13157: 13127: 13088: 13061: 12996: 12938: 12897: 12867: 12848: 12829: 12788: 12754: 12715: 12699: 12683: 12661: 12638: 12618: 12544: 12505: 12491:] (in Catalan). Vic: Eumo. 12476: 12448: 12415: 12382: 12349: 12299: 12274: 12249: 12225: 12212: 12160: 12133: 12086: 12010: 11991: 11965: 11916: 11903: 11883: 11853: 11840: 11827: 11776: 11763: 11743: 11717: 11691: 11640: 11614: 11605: 11584: 11533: 11503: 11490: 11464: 11416: 11390: 11347: 11322: 11292: 11079: 11062: 11000:List of European regions by GDP 10891:the World's 50 Best Restaurants 8843:is also officially recognised. 6995: 6948:has been completed (called the 6495:, a Catalan Government entity. 6230: 6170:independence referendum of 2017 6110:: 60% (compared to Spain's 67%) 6104:: 37% (compared to Spain's 29%) 4932:Autonomous communities of Spain 4865:Initiative for Catalonia-Greens 3957:or ENPE) have been instituted. 3343: Mediterranean climate of 3251:(UNPO) on behalf of Catalonia. 3150:Initiative for Catalonia Greens 2940:placed Catalonia firmly in the 2731:in 1848. A policy to encourage 2711:In the second third of the 19th 2391:Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe 1679:For a chronological guide, see 1266:Spanish transition to democracy 19800:Nationalist Youth of Catalonia 19321:2017 Catalan regional election 18234: 17832:europeanregionofgastronomy.org 17291:El llibre d'or de l'art català 15822:Ltd, DVV Media International. 15570:(in Catalan). 6 October 2017. 15514:(in Spanish). 5 October 2017. 15278:(in Spanish). 3 January 2021. 14085:. Einesceo.cat. Archived from 12904:associats, Partal, Maresma i. 12712:. Harper Press. London p. 493. 12518:. Cambridge University Press. 12306:Lluís, García Sevilla (2021). 11893:. Barcelona: Ariel. pp. 3–30. 11783:Grun, R.; et al. (2005), 11452:Demographia: World Urban Areas 11256: 11181: 11155: 11129: 10641:Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya 10609:Olympic Stadium Lluís Companys 10150:Logo of Televisió de Catalunya 9515:in Catalonia), represented by 9061:. Other important artists are 8787:(and, to a lesser extent, the 8376:Religion in Catalonia (2020): 4837:Spain's Constitutional Court's 4260:Council of Statutarian Pledges 3948:Pla d'Espais d'Interès Natural 3795:river basin that flows to the 3747: 3576:European continental territory 3443:List of mountains in Catalonia 3142:Socialists' Party of Catalonia 3072:Olympic Stadium Lluís Companys 2590:public and administrative laws 2562:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor 2028: 1922:, the westernmost part of the 1525: 1037:, is the second-most populous 13: 1: 18951:European Parliament elections 18753:Elections and referendums in 17817:, marianne.net, 30 avpil 2013 17200:. YouTube. 11 November 2010. 16703:"Buscador online de noticias" 16468:Pelai Pagès i Blanch (2004). 16429:Pelai Pagès i Blanch (2004). 15952:, éd. Autrement, Paris, 2009. 15829:Railway Gazette International 15484:. Costa Brava Tourist Guide. 15155:(in Spanish). 29 April 2019. 14951:(in Catalan). 21 April 2021. 14737:"vegueria | enciclopedia.cat" 13613:"Geological map of Catalonia" 13514:"Baròmetre d'Opinió Política" 13455:Boira, Paula (22 June 2021). 12331:Llaudó Avila, Eduard (2021). 11699:"Online Etymology Dictionary" 11092: 11074:Constitutional Court of Spain 11005:List of people from Catalonia 10907:European Region of Gastronomy 10729:War of the Spanish Succession 10672:National symbols of Catalonia 10568:in Barcelona, as well as the 10414: 9784:is the popular figure of the 9712:els Castells i els Castellers 9664:Festivals and public holidays 9411: 8911: 8855:War of the Spanish Succession 8779:mainly use Spanish and 35.54% 6946:French high-speed TGV network 6356:List of airports in Catalonia 6040:financial crisis of 2007–2008 5976:of Catalonia in 2018 was €228 3984:, Sources of Ter and Freser, 3897:), all of which run into the 3436: 3376:). The Pyrenean peaks have a 3334:Coastal Mediterranean climate 3195:Constitutional Court of Spain 3169:Constitutional Court of Spain 3132:Catalan independence movement 2816:1929 International Exposition 2611:War of the Spanish Succession 2546:War of the Spanish Succession 2490:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 2429: 2055:and was ruled as part of the 1785:occurred between 1800 and 700 1686: 1188:War of the Spanish Succession 993:autonomous community of Spain 79:Autonomous community in Spain 19650:Republican Left of Catalonia 19299:2017 independence referendum 17649:. Gencat.net. Archived from 17623:(in Catalan). Archived from 17554:"FIRA-AER website - History" 17470:(in Catalan). Archived from 17267:. 3cat24.cat. 9 October 2010 16833:"Catalonia's linguistic law" 16546:Parra, Belen (5 June 2008). 16332:. Gencat.cat. Archived from 15736:. Barcelona Stock Exchange. 14543:Fiona Govan (29 June 2010). 14351:. Gencat.net. Archived from 14319:"Resultats provisionals 27S" 14262:(in Spanish). Archived from 13814:. Gencat.cat. Archived from 13788:. Gencat.net. Archived from 13762:. Gencat.net. Archived from 13489:(in Spanish). 23 June 2021. 12628:. Cossetània Edicions, p.13 11835:Journal of Field Archaeology 11801:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.10.001 11624:. Gencat.cat. Archived from 11426:. Gencat.cat. Archived from 11165:. Gencat.cat. Archived from 10004:Barcelona Symphony Orchestra 9953:Llibre Vermell de Montserrat 9819:Another custom is to make a 8528: 8452: Other Religions (3.4%) 6548:Autopista de la Mediterrània 6372:(an entity belonging to the 6333: 6176:, which moved its office to 5842:from the Balconada viewpoint 5636: 5489: 5426: 5391:Political divisions of Spain 5277:Republican Left of Catalonia 5169:was held on 14 February 2021 4961:Spanish Constitution of 1978 4910:Candidatura d'Unitat Popular 4861:Republican Left of Catalonia 4696:Open University of Catalonia 4670:Spanish Constitution of 1978 3791:. Furthermore, there is the 3639:, located in the northeast. 3272: 3167:, which sent the law to the 3146:Republican Left of Catalonia 2859:Republican Left of Catalonia 2571:on 11 September 1714 to the 2247:, while the king of France, 1242:self-governance to Catalonia 1155:of the crowns of Aragon and 7: 19837:marks defunct organisations 19618:Assemblea Nacional Catalana 19448:Law of juridical transition 19336:2019 Catalan general strike 19311:2017 Catalan general strike 19202:1918-1919 autonomy campaign 18220:Declaration of independence 16474:. Universitat de València. 16435:. Universitat de València. 15946:Wihtol de Wenden, Catherine 14797:femVallès (28 April 2020). 14688:324cat (28 November 2023). 14637:"Legislació civil catalana" 12694:Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977 11647:Bonfante, Giuliano (1948). 10948: 10723:. It commemorates the 1714 10513:also periodically fields a 10511:Catalan Football Federation 10000:Palau de la Música Catalana 9568:, Joan Oliver Sallarès or " 9342:Palau de la Música Catalana 9311:Archaeological Ensemble of 9213:There are some examples of 8808:Statute of Autonomy of 1979 8800:Statute of Autonomy of 1979 8785:Barcelona metropolitan area 8755:-speaking regions of Europe 8362: 8194: 8178: 8162: 8146: 8130: 8114: 8098: 8082: 8066: 8050: 8034: 8018: 8002: 7986: 7970: 7954: 7938: 7922: 7906: 7890: 7874: 7858: 7842: 7826: 7810: 7794: 7778: 7709:, and smaller numbers from 6869:Rail transport in Catalonia 6862: 6533:The principal highways are 6338: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 5988:billion) and the per capita 5714:Municipalities of Catalonia 5291:Security forces and Justice 5108:), the Office of Auditors ( 4990:has defined Catalonia as a 4749:Guàrdia Urbana de Barcelona 4037: 3976:, Aiguamolls de l'Empordà, 3840:—the most relevant are the 3829:and the recently recovered 3754:List of rivers of Catalonia 3245:Assemblea Nacional Catalana 3203:declaration of independence 2699:Suspects rounded up by the 2658:Guillaume Philibert Duhesme 2204:'s proposal to receive the 2063:control and became part of 1681:Timeline of Catalan history 1530: 1513: 1411:, initially constituting a 1302:Etymology and pronunciation 1180:northern parts of Catalonia 547: • Estimate 325:Dynastic union with Castile 10: 20692: 19408:Declaration of Sovereignty 18215:Statute of Autonomy (2006) 18210:Statute of Autonomy (1979) 18190:Statute of Autonomy (1932) 17701:. Noticias.juridicas.com. 17675:. Noticias.juridicas.com. 17223:Regió7 (28 October 2010). 16507:Turell, M. Teresa (2001). 13740:, Generalitat de Catalunya 13704:10.1515/mamm.1976.40.2.267 13541:Jones, Sam (12 May 2024). 13281:"Catalonia's longest week" 12813:10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100497 12551:Meaker, Gerald H. (1974). 12070:Cambridge University Press 12029:Cambridge University Press 11998:History of the Generalitat 11939:. Routledge. p. 324. 11850:, vol. 1, 2008, pp. 17–33. 11789:Journal of Human Evolution 11649:"Le nom de la "Catalogne"" 11622:"La formació de Catalunya" 11591:Ulick Ralph Burke (1900). 11189:"The Spanish Constitution" 10766: 10762: 10669: 10665: 10438: 10418: 10139: 9929:in the southern part. The 9872: 9763:during the festa major of 9667: 9415: 9223:Neoclassical architectures 8998: 8989: 8965:are the most common ones. 8826:. This small area of 7,000 8538: 8532: 8366: 7126: 7073: 7009: 6999: 6866: 6566:Autovia de la Mediterrània 6506: 6421: 6387:Girona-Costa Brava Airport 6353: 5980:billion (second after the 5931: 5927: 5711: 5647:Comarques (often known as 5640: 5493: 5430: 5407:, further subdivided into 5388: 5382: 5294: 5033: 4963:Catalonia, along with the 4929: 4923: 4747:million (according to the 4668:since the approval of the 4623: 4302:Ministry of Home Affairs ( 3751: 3744:can be found in the area. 3586:Catalan Central Depression 3540:Catalan Coastal Depression 3486:Catalan Central Depression 3440: 3277: 3197:, because it breached the 3129: 2924:Spanish Revolution of 1936 2888: 2613:, the assimilation of the 2404:In the later Middle Ages, 2208:and to marry his daughter 2183:Peace and Truce Assemblies 1867:) inland, Hibera (perhaps 1817:Pre-Roman and Roman period 1678: 1672: 1668: 1560:derives from the singular 1433:, the medieval term for a 819:+34 97 (rest of Catalonia) 311:Dynastic union with Aragon 72:Catalunya (disambiguation) 68:Catalonia (disambiguation) 61: 20616: 20590: 20501: 20278: 20206: 20167: 20156: 19890: 19828: 19787: 19749:Autonomist and federalist 19748: 19605: 19598: 19467: 19382: 19359:Principality of Catalonia 19346: 19284:2017 National Day for Yes 19189: 19090: 19007: 18949: 18856: 18761: 18713: 18708:Links to related articles 18676: 18624: 18522: 18469: 18462: 18400: 18393: 18336: 18327: 18290:Unique territorial entity 18275: 18242: 18233: 18119:Principality of Catalonia 18079: 17729:26 September 2007 at the 17285:Antoni Pladevall i Font: 17114:Louis @ (25 March 2010). 16260:27 September 2017 at the 14665:. idescat. Archived from 13745:24 September 2015 at the 13738:Biodiversitat a Catalunya 12860:23 September 2020 at the 12841:29 September 2020 at the 12559:Stanford University Press 12003:16 September 2020 at the 11848:Catalan Historical Review 11461:– Demographia, April 2018 10909:title for the year 2016. 10715:National Day of Catalonia 10287:Catalan Media Corporation 10227:El Periódico de Catalunya 10187: 10092:from the late 1970s with 9493:Caterina Albert i Paradís 9336:Lluís Domènech i Montaner 9251:architectural rationalism 9239:Lluís Domènech i Montaner 9121: 8971:Plataforma per la Llengua 8936:Catalan public television 8893:normalización lingüística 8887:normalització lingüística 8735: 8620: 8609: 8596: 8583: 8566: 8559: 7648:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 7640:Urban Region of Barcelona 7621: 7485:— 7154:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 7091:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 6381:Barcelona El Prat Airport 6080:Catalonia is amongst the 5918:from the Vielha viewpoint 5782:Catalan regional capitals 5502:Principality of Catalonia 5395:Local government in Spain 5385:Subdivisions of Catalonia 5355:Catalonia, together with 4857:Catalan Socialists' Party 4533:Unique territorial entity 3709:and in the Pyrenees, the 3518:Catalan Pre-Coastal Range 3507:Catalan Transversal Range 3152:(ICV), and the socialist 3070:The Olympic flame in the 2839:first Statute of Autonomy 2808:Mancomunitat de Catalunya 2440:Principality of Catalonia 2397:peasants from the feudal 2308:Principality of Catalonia 2231:In 1258, by means of the 2075:of Barcelona in 801, the 1883:, who settled around the 1826:Aqüeducte de les Ferreres 1454:The source is the Celtic 1399:chroniclers claimed that 1341:One theory suggests that 1330:under the control of the 1133:Principality of Catalonia 1050:Principality of Catalonia 877: 863: 849: 839: 824: 812: 800: 759: 738: 721: 705: 698: 686: 679: • Total (2022) 678: 668: 661: 657: 619: 564: 554: 546: 541: 533: 523: 515: 510: 506: 496: 486: 472: 462: 447: 437: 423: 418: 383: 369: 341: 299: 281: 246: 217: 181: 149: 140: 84: 64:Principality of Catalonia 20279:Comarques of Autonomous 19525:Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira 17781:. India. 21 April 2009. 17356:27 February 2009 at the 17308:www.tarragonaturisme.cat 16758:Homenatge a Arthur Terry 16656:9 September 2008 at the 16513:. Multilingual Matters. 14430:El País (29 June 2010). 13723:(in Catalan). Barcelona. 13345:Generalitat de Catalunya 12624:Roglan, Joaquim (2006). 12512:Thomson, J.K.J. (1992). 12095:Imperial Spain 1469–1716 12064:Reilly, Bernard (1993). 11889:Ramos, Luis G-G (2002). 11020: 10578:2018 Mediterranean Games 10570:1955 Mediterranean Games 10434: 10278:, can be also acquired. 10094:La Banda Trapera del Río 9905:(from the oboe family), 9654:Manuel Vázquez Montalbán 9450:defined this era as the 9403:Santa Coloma de Cervelló 8907:Greuges de Guirard Isarn 7721:foreign residents (11.9% 7664:Santa Coloma de Gramenet 7392:Santa Coloma de Gramenet 6502: 6417: 6413:(Aeroports de Catalunya) 6401:(Aeroports de Catalunya) 6164:Many of Spain's leading 5942:Aerial view of Barcelona 5718:There are at present 947 5506:Generalitat de Catalunya 5371:Administrative divisions 5089:Generalitat de Catalunya 5084:Generalitat of Catalonia 5036:Generalitat of Catalonia 3705:, red foxes, as well as 2226:Consuetudinem Cathalonie 2202:King Ramiro II of Aragon 2185:and the intervention of 1552:derives from the plural 1418:Other theories suggest: 1285:a snap regional election 1270:regained self-government 817:+34 93 (Barcelona area) 442:Generalitat of Catalonia 39:latest accepted revision 19679:Popular Unity Candidacy 19212:Catalan Republic (1931) 18659:Pi de les Tres Branques 18376:International relations 18147:Northern Catalonia loss 18017:Encyclopædia Britannica 16379:"Catalan Sign Language" 16224:20 October 2018 at the 16144:(in European Spanish). 16035:International Migration 15593:Efe (12 October 2019). 15482:"Catalonia Tourist Tax" 14380:13 October 2007 at the 13995:18 January 2012 at the 13749:Retrieved 29 July 2017. 12173:16 October 2020 at the 11769:Sabaté, Flocel (2015). 11756:1 November 2020 at the 11665:10.3406/ecelt.1948.1196 11546:6 February 2012 at the 10837:escudella i carn d'olla 10047:Victoria de los Ángeles 9687:Monument als castellers 9670:Traditions of Catalonia 9446:centuries the Romantic 9418:Literature of Catalonia 9399:Church of Colònia Güell 9382:(La Pedrera), Barcelona 9281:The Medieval church of 9085:for early 20th-century 8859:Second Spanish Republic 8573:Identification language 8474:Government of Catalonia 6629:Other major roads are: 6491:Ports de la Generalitat 6440:(owned and operated by 6411:La Seu d'Urgell Airport 6399:Lleida-Alguaire Airport 6374:Government of Catalonia 6225:Spanish property bubble 6084:and is a member of the 5562:): 4,916,847 population 5349:Codi civil de Catalunya 5344:Civil Code of Catalonia 5273:Palau de la Generalitat 5198:Presidents of Catalonia 5146:Parliament of Catalonia 4988:Parliament of Catalonia 4859:, the pro-independence 4835:Two major factors were 4655:Second Spanish Republic 4386:Parliamentary elections 4190:International relations 3653:Ports de Tortosa-Beseit 3286:Climates of Catalonia: 3191:independence referendum 3088:new Statute of Autonomy 3033:During later stages of 2891:Revolutionary Catalonia 2827:Second Spanish Republic 2599:proto-industrialization 1843:– like the rest of the 1703:Mediterranean Basin, a 1238:Second Spanish Republic 1228:coupled with incipient 706: • HDI (2021) 687: • Per capita 467:Parliament of Catalonia 432:constitutional monarchy 20281:Community of Catalonia 20272:Comarques of Catalonia 20208: 19892:Autonomous communities 19880:Autonomous communities 19779:Proposta per les Illes 19485:Josep Puig i Cadafalch 19369:Anti-Catalan sentiment 19364:Republican Generalitat 19207:Plot of Prats de Molló 18185:Republican Generalitat 17743:"Cava & Co !" 15368:1 October 2017 at the 15308:. 2021. Archived from 15214:La Vanguardia Economía 15093:. Noticias Jurídicas. 14854:324cat (9 July 2010). 12194:Maland, David (1991). 12019:Elliott, John Huxtable 11472:"Welcome to Catalonia" 11046:", according with the 10913:Twinning and covenants 10862:Denominacions d'Origen 10860: 10843: 10835: 10827: 10807: 10785: 10778: 10754: 10736: 10719: 10692: 10683: 10494: 10426: 10337:Joaquim Jordà i Català 10304: 10213:(owned by Grup Godó), 10159:Televisió de Catalunya 10151: 9939: 9931: 9886: 9848: 9830: 9821: 9816: 9786: 9767: 9757: 9739: 9731: 9723: 9702: 9694: 9679: 9594:International Brigades 9562:Josep Maria de Sagarra 9549: 9477: 9468: 9452: 9297: 9286: 9243:Josep Puig i Cadafalch 9191: 9158:Fundació Antoni Tàpies 8926: 8919: 8906: 8892: 8886: 8756: 8535:Languages of Catalonia 6992:through the Pyrenees. 6916: 6884: 6878:High-speed train (AVE) 6622: 6605:Autopista del Nord-est 6604: 6565: 6547: 6527: 6522: 6489: 6467:in Europe and the 68th 6442: 6433: 6424:List of ports in Spain 6370:Aeroports de Catalunya 6351: 6161: 6086:Four Motors for Europe 6077: 6065: 6038:In the context of the 5969: 5954: 5943: 5811:from the Solsona tower 5774: 5768: 5762: 5752: 5746: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5700:Conselh Generau d'Aran 5698: 5685: 5643:Comarques of Catalonia 5526:December, recognizing 5514: 5496:Vegueries of Catalonia 5460:: 5,701,708 population 5450: 5446: 5442: 5380: 5348: 5311: 5303: 5281:Together for Catalonia 5267: 5257: 5247: 5241: 5192: 5151:Parlament de Catalunya 5150: 5141: 5122: 5116: 5111:Sindicatura de Comptes 5110: 5102: 5088: 4949: 4826:First Spanish Republic 4806:First Spanish Republic 4783:Spanish prime minister 4646: 4018: 4014:Garrotxa Volcanic Zone 3953: 3947: 3941: 3893: 3825:. The biggest are the 3776: 3765: 3689: 3604: 3562: 3548: 3497:the Central Depression 3351: 3264:misuse of public funds 3215:snap regional election 3186: 3110:and its first channel 3108:Televisió de Catalunya 3082: 3018: 2855:Republican Generalitat 2775: 2758:First Spanish Republic 2708: 2649: 2539:Treaty of the Pyrenees 2505: 2488:, he was also elected 2447:Ferdinand II of Aragon 2443: 2420:, author of the novel 2346: 2341:Diachronic map of the 2306:At the same time, the 2165: 2157: 2118: 2047:After the fall of the 2044: 1836: 1813:arrived in Catalonia. 1708: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1345:derives from the name 1311: 1306:The name "Catalonia" ( 1176:Treaty of the Pyrenees 1013:, to the south of the 973: 958: 935: 474:General representation 448: • President 342:Statute(s) of Autonomy 211: 184: 122: 106: 90: 66:. For other uses, see 19756:Assembly of Catalonia 19480:Enric Prat de la Riba 19294:2017 Operation Anubis 19244:2010 autonomy protest 19176:independence movement 18381:Independence movement 17724:Law 1/1993 in the BOE 17617:"100 Anys d'Historia" 16793:Moran, Josep (2004). 16251:on 26 September 2017. 15971:Reuters, 16 June 2017 12710:The Spanish Holocaust 12281:Benet, Josep (1995). 11457:5 August 2011 at the 11334:hdi.globaldatalab.org 10977:European Union portal 10903:El Celler de Can Roca 10776: 10700:vexillological symbol 10679: 10588:(Tour of Catalonia). 10552:synchronized swimming 10524:UEFA Champions League 10299: 10149: 10039:Gran Teatre del Liceu 9882: 9814: 9755: 9749:on 25 November 2005. 9685: 9677: 9545: 9521:Joan Salvat-Papasseit 9464: 9356:Works of Antoni Gaudí 9292: 9283:Sant Climent de Taüll 9280: 9182: 9091:Josep Maria Subirachs 8903: 8848:Catalan Sign Language 8841:Catalan Sign Language 8751: 8553:Catalan Sign Language 8369:Religion in Catalonia 7668:Cornellà de Llobregat 7459:Historical population 7238:Sant Boi de Llobregat 7204:Cornellà de Llobregat 7170:Sant Cugat del Vallès 6918:Rodalies de Catalunya 6899:(French Railways) at 6876: 6516: 6459:in Andalusia, the 9th 6431: 6346: 6156: 6118:, the beaches of the 6071: 6060: 6009:Standard & Poor's 5960: 5949: 5941: 5712:Further information: 5622:): 182,231 population 5612:): 497,764 population 5602:): 365,289 population 5592:): 761,690 population 5582:): 413,349 population 5572:): 536,453 population 5476:Province of Tarragona 5458:Province of Barcelona 5451:Diputación Provincial 5447:Deputacion Provinciau 5439:Provincial Deputation 5431:Further information: 5378: 5325:National Police Corps 5265:, and the ministers ( 5132: 4943: 4849:Convergence and Union 4821:Francesc Pi i Margall 4787:don Francisco Serrano 4641: 4626:Politics of Catalonia 4328:Parliamentary parties 4270:Syndicate of Accounts 4248:High Court of Justice 4047:Politics of Catalonia 3854:Catalan Coastal Range 3848:to the north and the 3771: 3761: 3675:Montseny brook newt ( 3674: 3595: 3554: 3529:Catalan Coastal Range 3450: 3367:Mediterranean climate 3345:continental influence 3285: 3177: 3126:Independence movement 3069: 3009: 2845:, an executive and a 2770: 2698: 2642:Third siege of Girona 2640: 2498: 2451:Isabella I of Castile 2437: 2426:, published in 1490. 2412:, the Valencian poet 2393:(1486) liberated the 2340: 2328:Catalan constitutions 2163: 2155: 2106: 2036: 1997:, attested in the 3rd 1824: 1694: 1635:North-Western Catalan 1289:Spanish Supreme Court 1262:rapid economic growth 1244:, being restored the 1151:flourished. In 1469, 1060:). It is bordered by 1056:now part of France's 740: • Summer ( 648:Catalan Sign language 318:Catalan constitutions 210: 19316:2017 Wake Up Europe! 18562:Gegants i capgrossos 18195:Catalan State (1934) 18143:Republic (1640–1641) 17977:on 21 September 2018 17809:16 July 2014 at the 17747:Cava & Co ! 17524:"Esports reconeguts" 17376:. 23 December 2010. 15967:17 June 2017 at the 14741:www.enciclopedia.cat 14329:on 30 September 2015 14203:. 14 December 2009. 14141:"Baròmetre d'Opinió" 14121:on 11 September 2016 14109:"Baròmetre d'Opinió" 14018:on 10 September 2010 13900:"La Vanguardia poll" 13880:on 13 September 2012 13844:. 24 November 2012. 13521:upceo.ceo.gencat.cat 12952:on 18 September 2016 12912:on 13 September 2016 12222:. (Barcelona, 1968). 11400:. 22 November 2009. 11048:Spanish Constitution 11015:Outline of Catalonia 10566:1992 Summer Olympics 10559:Circuit de Catalunya 10345:Sitges Film Festival 10301:Sitges Film Festival 10248:(from the fusion of 10072:from the 1960s with 9782:Christmas traditions 9759:Gegants i capgrossos 9405:, Barcelona province 9348:Hospital de Sant Pau 9331:, Tarragona province 9305:World Heritage Sites 9162:Joan Miró Foundation 8995:Art and architecture 7442:El Prat de Llobregat 7340:Vilanova i la Geltrú 6623:Autovia del Nord-est 6223:€/m on average (see 6132:Vilanova i la Geltrú 5888:from the city's port 5886:Vilanova i la Geltrú 5632:): 10,194 population 5610:Vilanova i la Geltrú 5552:): 63,892 population 5536:Alt Pirineu and Aran 5534:, although the name 5528:Alt Pirineu and Aran 5478:: 830,804 population 5472:: 437,939 population 5466:: 777,258 population 5443:Diputació Provincial 5175:, incumbent since 12 5092:), confirmed by the 5023:Constitutional Court 4971:, was defined as a " 4946:Statute of Catalonia 4634:Catalan independence 3933:ecological footprint 3914:influx (more than 20 3578:(see passage above); 3120:Summer Olympic Games 3080:1992 Summer Olympics 2928:Bombing of Barcelona 2623:Nueva Planta Decrees 2585:Nueva Planta decrees 2385:(1462–1472) and the 2312:estates of the realm 2279:, and, briefly, the 2125:, who were Frankish 2112:Petronilla of Aragon 2067:, a province of the 2049:Western Roman Empire 1675:History of Catalonia 1277:Catalan independence 1240:(1931–1939) granted 1226:cultural renaissance 1211:Nueva Planta decrees 1052:(with the remainder 858:Virgin of Montserrat 760:Postal code prefixes 620:Official language(s) 266:41.83750°N 1.53778°E 143:Autonomous community 20210:Plazas de soberanía 20149:Valencian Community 20104:Community of Madrid 19774:Catalonia in Common 19662:Junts per Catalunya 19217:Events of 6 October 19172:Catalan nationalism 18157:War of the Catalans 18104:County of Barcelona 17909:José Lebeña Acebo. 17749:. 24 October 2011. 17560:on 16 February 2009 17152:on 12 February 2019 17050:"normalitzacio.cat" 16949:6 June 2012 at the 16923:on 25 December 2012 16752:Veny, Joan (1997). 16550:. Medios.mugak.eu. 16360:9 July 2011 at the 16215:on 20 October 2018. 15035:www.catalannews.com 14977:. 8 February 2017. 14931:13 May 2008 at the 14669:on 13 November 2009 14524:on 8 September 2011 13674:25 May 2017 at the 13574:. 15 September 2022 13430:The Washington Post 13402:. 10 January 2019. 13317:. 3 November 2017. 13287:. 4 November 2017. 13226:. 27 October 2017. 13200:. 27 October 2017. 13141:. 27 October 2017. 12722:Ross (3 May 2007). 12679:. pp. 388–389. 12238:5 June 2022 at the 12220:Felip V i Catalunya 12097:. London: Penguin. 11909:Salrach, Josep Mª. 11815:on 4 September 2012 11628:on 15 December 2009 11496:Salrach, Josep Mª. 10847:(fish stew), and a 10784:(bread with tomato) 10755:Diada de Sant Jordi 10704:Counts of Barcelona 10355:Juan Antonio Bayona 10189:Televisión Española 10142:Cinema of Catalonia 10027:Domènec Terradellas 9650:Jaime Gil de Biedma 9603:Homage to Catalonia 9208:Santa Maria del Mar 8943:intense immigration 8742:6 386 000 (100.0%) 8739:6 386 000 (100.0%) 8725:Other combinations 8503:Jehovah's Witnesses 8496:Orthodox Christians 8414:Jehovah's Witnesses 7756: 7460: 6974:Paris-Barcelona TGV 6240: 6074:La Pobla de Mafumet 6061:Industrial park in 5982:community of Madrid 5756:). Its seat is the 5309:(officially called 4954:Statute of Autonomy 4920:Statute of Autonomy 4802:Estanislao Figueras 4699:such as Barcelona. 4651:Statute of Autonomy 4310:Police of Catalonia 4293:Ministry of Justice 4275:Audiovisual Council 4074:Statute of Autonomy 3921:natural environment 3877:rivers in Catalonia 3781:Mediterranean Basin 3100:Convergència i Unió 2977:Catalan nationalism 2895:Francoist Catalonia 2867:Events of 6 October 2788:eight-hour workdays 2633:Late modern history 2550:Charles II of Spain 2387:War of the Remences 2375:House of Trastámara 2373:from the Castilian 2367:Compromise of Caspe 2273:Kingdom of Sardinia 2265:Kingdom of Valencia 2239:King of Aragon and 2191:Usages of Barcelona 2123:counts of Barcelona 1705:World Heritage Site 1662:[kataˈluɲa] 1648:[kataˈluɲa] 1630:[kataˈluɲa] 1620:[kətəˈluɲə] 1613:. The native name, 1472:in pre-Roman times. 1451:have a common root. 1058:Pyrénées-Orientales 1003:Statute of Autonomy 980:[kataˈluɲa] 965:[kataˈluɲa] 942:[kətəˈluɲə] 480:Parliament of Spain 428:Devolved government 305:County of Barcelona 262: / 29:Page version status 20509:Northern Catalonia 20230:Vélez de la Gomera 20014:Castilla–La Mancha 19735:Democratic Tsunami 19331:2019–2020 protests 18763:Regional elections 17941:soir.senate.ca.gov 17917:on 26 October 2013 17778:The Economic Times 17653:on 13 January 2009 17621:voltacatalunya.cat 17597:on 19 October 2005 17528:www.seleccions.cat 16047:10.1111/imig.12323 15312:on 16 January 2021 14355:on 13 January 2009 14266:on 17 October 2013 14089:on 14 October 2013 13792:on 13 January 2009 13766:on 13 January 2009 13436:on 14 October 2019 12980:. 3 October 2017. 12066:The Medieval Spain 11979:on 19 October 2010 11701:. Etymonline.com. 11304:www.datosmacro.com 11010:Northern Catalonia 10786: 10727:defeat during the 10725:siege of Barcelona 10684: 10584:in the world, the 10582:cycling stage race 10441:Sport in Catalonia 10365:Jaume Collet-Serra 10305: 10289:) and the private 10152: 10084:in the 1960s with 10051:Montserrat Caballé 9977:Josep Anselm Clavé 9887: 9875:Music of Catalonia 9817: 9768: 9703:colles castelleres 9695: 9680: 9590:Miquel Martí i Pol 9550: 9469: 9424:Homilies d'Organyà 9300:There are several 9298: 9287: 9192: 8927: 8921:Homilies d'Organyà 8757: 8605:2 305 000 (36.1%) 8602:2 320 000 (36.3%) 8592:3 104 000 (48.6%) 8589:2 978 000 (46.6%) 8064:Dominican Republic 7728: 7642:includes 5,217,864 7458: 6885: 6821:Spanish government 6800:La Roca del Vallès 6528: 6444:Puertos del Estado 6434: 6366:Spanish Government 6352: 6238: 6162: 6078: 6066: 5970: 5955: 5944: 5873:by the Segre river 5793:An aerial view of 5470:Province of Lleida 5464:Province of Girona 5433:Provinces of Spain 5381: 5164:universal suffrage 5142: 5030:Government and law 4950: 4824:(president of the 4804:(president of the 4741:Spanish Government 4657:at the end of the 4647: 3852:to the south. The 3777: 3766: 3720:The waters of the 3690: 3678:Calotriton arnoldi 3605: 3563: 3549: 3454:map of Catalonia: 3352: 3187: 3083: 3019: 2962:Battle of the Ebro 2936:The defeat of the 2847:court of cassation 2800:Regionalist League 2776: 2737:protectionist laws 2709: 2650: 2515:Franco-Spanish War 2506: 2478:Charles I of Spain 2444: 2406:Catalan literature 2347: 2269:Kingdom of Majorca 2241:Count of Barcelona 2200:decided to accept 2166: 2158: 2147:House of Barcelona 2119: 2057:Visigothic Kingdom 2045: 1964:Edict of Caracalla 1837: 1743:) and el Filador ( 1713:Middle Paleolithic 1709: 1332:Count of Barcelona 1234:workers' movements 1164:Franco-Spanish War 1149:Catalan literature 1125:composite monarchy 1072:to the north, the 995:, designated as a 516: • Total 373:(and largest city) 212: 35: 20656:Catalan Countries 20633: 20632: 20627: 20626: 20546: 20545: 20488:Vallès Occidental 20238: 20237: 20169:Autonomous cities 19846: 19845: 19824: 19823: 19560:Carles Puigdemont 19510:Josep Tarradellas 19432:Let Catalans Vote 19354:Catalan Countries 19289:2017 Yes Campaign 19274:2016 We are ready 19197:¡Cu-Cut! incident 19131: 19130: 18858:General elections 18700: 18699: 18672: 18671: 18458: 18457: 18389: 18388: 18366:Political parties 18323: 18322: 18315:Spanish provinces 18153:War of Succession 18129:Catholic Monarchs 17498:hemeroteca.abc.es 17474:on 1 January 2019 17443:on 2 January 2019 17287:El Romànic català 17088:978-84-7283-168-1 17056:on 8 January 2014 17024:www.asabadell.cat 16520:978-1-85359-491-5 16481:978-84-370-5924-2 16442:978-84-370-5924-2 16415:978-84-8415-309-2 15731:"Fact Sheet 2016" 14171:Antena 3 Noticias 12845:mossos.gencat.cat 12735:978-1-139-46307-2 12669:Bolloten, Burnett 12599:978-84-8301-893-4 12242:, páginas 45–46, 11946:978-1-136-20350-3 11899:978-84-344-6668-5 11369:978-84-09-06340-6 11244:on 26 August 2013 10990:Catalan Countries 10681:Flag of Catalonia 10586:Volta a Catalunya 9796:, meaning uncle. 9741:La Patum de Berga 9632:Manuel de Pedrolo 9582:Manuel de Pedrolo 9537:Generation of '36 9507:. During the 20th 9321:, Lleida province 9188:Solsona Cathedral 9148:in Figueres, the 9146:Teatre-Museu Dalí 9065:for the medieval 8746: 8745: 8578:Habitual language 8404:Eastern Orthodoxy 8384:Roman Catholicism 8360: 8359: 8199: 8198: 7629: 7628: 7455: 7454: 7277:Vallès Occidental 7261:Vallès Occidental 7193:Vallès Occidental 7175:Vallès Occidental 6889:Iberian Peninsula 6882:Camp de Tarragona 6805: 6804: 6523:Eix del Llobregat 6438:port of Barcelona 6348:Barcelona Airport 6331: 6330: 6206:Fira de Barcelona 6178:Palma de Mallorca 6120:Costa del Maresme 5769:casa de la ciutat 5576:Central Catalonia 5566:Camp de Tarragona 5305:Mossos d'Esquadra 5297:Mossos d'Esquadra 5245:) or Government ( 5237:Executive Council 5222:Carles Puigdemont 5202:Josep Tarradellas 5162:) are elected by 5104:Síndic de Greuges 5012:cultural heritage 4659:Spanish Civil War 4630:Politics of Spain 4622: 4621: 4561:Metropolitan area 4323:Political parties 4158:Executive Council 4010:Serra de Montsant 3927:and probably the 3805:cubic hectometres 3219:Carles Puigdemont 3211:Executive Council 3199:1978 Constitution 3183:Carles Puigdemont 3179:Catalan president 3104:Mossos d'Esquadra 2969:Spanish Civil War 2946:Spanish Civil War 2721:Bonaplata Factory 2666:Marshall Augereau 2581:Treaty of Utrecht 2569:fall of Barcelona 2554:Philip V of Spain 2531:Thirty Years' War 2482:House of Habsburg 2455:Catholic Monarchs 2383:Catalan Civil War 2277:Kingdom of Sicily 2237:James I of Aragon 2233:Treaty of Corbeil 2206:Kingdom of Aragon 2187:Ramon Berenguer I 2143:Wilfred the Hairy 2069:Umayyad Caliphate 1960:Roman citizenship 1841:Iberian Peninsula 1470:Iberian Peninsula 1328:March of Hispania 1293:Carles Puigdemont 1250:Spanish Civil War 1207:11 September 1714 1203:fall of Barcelona 1195:Philip V of Spain 1121:Kingdom of Aragon 1074:Mediterranean Sea 1011:Iberian Peninsula 881: 880: 813:Telephone code(s) 669: • Rank 555: • Rank 524: • Rank 492:48 of 350 (13.7%) 438: • Body 424: • Type 271:41.83750; 1.53778 208: 47:15 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 20683: 20622: 20573: 20566: 20559: 20550: 20549: 20368:Conca de Barberà 20265: 20258: 20251: 20242: 20241: 20213: 20196: 20194: 20193: 20183: 20181: 20180: 20162: 20151: 20147: 20145: 20144: 20136: 20132: 20130: 20129: 20121: 20117: 20115: 20114: 20106: 20102: 20100: 20099: 20091: 20087: 20085: 20084: 20076: 20072: 20070: 20069: 20061: 20057: 20055: 20054: 20046: 20042: 20040: 20039: 20031: 20029:Castile and León 20027: 20025: 20024: 20016: 20012: 20010: 20009: 20001: 19997: 19995: 19994: 19986: 19982: 19980: 19979: 19971: 19967: 19965: 19964: 19956: 19954:Balearic Islands 19952: 19950: 19949: 19941: 19937: 19935: 19934: 19926: 19922: 19920: 19919: 19911: 19907: 19905: 19904: 19873: 19866: 19859: 19850: 19849: 19740:Catalan Alliance 19696:Més per Mallorca 19606:Pro-independence 19603: 19602: 19580:Elisenda Paluzie 19475:Valentí Almirall 19460: 19459:(10/27 Oct 2017) 19452: 19444: 19436: 19428: 19420: 19412: 19404: 19396: 19391:Bases de Manresa 19259:2014 Catalan Way 19254:2013 Catalan Way 19222:Operation Garzón 19184: 19183: 19182: 19170: 19169: 19168: 19158: 19151: 19144: 19135: 19134: 18752: 18751: 18740: 18733: 18726: 18717: 18716: 18704: 18703: 18685: 18467: 18466: 18410:Financial crisis 18398: 18397: 18334: 18333: 18240: 18239: 18065: 18058: 18051: 18042: 18041: 18021: 18000: 17998: 17997: 17987: 17986: 17984: 17982: 17973:. Archived from 17963: 17957: 17956: 17954: 17952: 17933: 17927: 17926: 17924: 17922: 17906: 17900: 17899: 17897: 17895: 17880: 17874: 17873: 17871: 17869: 17854: 17848: 17847: 17845: 17843: 17828:"Catalonia 2016" 17824: 17818: 17801: 17795: 17794: 17792: 17790: 17769: 17763: 17762: 17760: 17758: 17739: 17733: 17721: 17715: 17714: 17712: 17710: 17695: 17689: 17688: 17686: 17684: 17669: 17663: 17662: 17660: 17658: 17643: 17637: 17636: 17634: 17632: 17613: 17607: 17606: 17604: 17602: 17596: 17590:. Archived from 17585: 17576: 17570: 17569: 17567: 17565: 17556:. Archived from 17550: 17544: 17543: 17541: 17539: 17520: 17514: 17513: 17511: 17509: 17490: 17484: 17483: 17481: 17479: 17459: 17453: 17452: 17450: 17448: 17429: 17423: 17422: 17420: 17418: 17396: 17390: 17389: 17387: 17385: 17366: 17360: 17347: 17341: 17330: 17324: 17323: 17321: 17319: 17300: 17294: 17283: 17277: 17276: 17274: 17272: 17261: 17255: 17254: 17248: 17240: 17238: 17236: 17220: 17214: 17213: 17211: 17209: 17194: 17188: 17187: 17185: 17183: 17174:. 12 June 2013. 17168: 17162: 17161: 17159: 17157: 17138: 17132: 17131: 17129: 17127: 17122:on 27 March 2010 17111: 17105: 17104: 17102: 17100: 17072: 17066: 17065: 17063: 17061: 17046: 17040: 17039: 17037: 17035: 17026:. Archived from 17016: 17010: 17009: 17007: 17005: 16990: 16984: 16983: 16981: 16979: 16964: 16958: 16939: 16933: 16932: 16930: 16928: 16922: 16915: 16907: 16901: 16900: 16898: 16896: 16881: 16875: 16874: 16872: 16870: 16855: 16849: 16848: 16846: 16844: 16829: 16823: 16822: 16820: 16818: 16790: 16784: 16783: 16781: 16779: 16749: 16743: 16742: 16740: 16738: 16733:on 25 March 2009 16732: 16726:. Archived from 16725: 16717: 16711: 16710: 16698: 16692: 16691: 16689: 16687: 16667: 16661: 16648: 16642: 16641: 16639: 16637: 16622: 16616: 16615: 16613: 16611: 16596: 16590: 16589: 16587: 16585: 16570: 16564: 16563: 16561: 16559: 16543: 16537: 16536: 16534: 16532: 16504: 16498: 16497: 16495: 16493: 16465: 16459: 16458: 16456: 16454: 16426: 16420: 16419: 16401: 16395: 16394: 16392: 16390: 16375: 16369: 16352: 16346: 16345: 16343: 16341: 16326: 16320: 16319: 16317: 16315: 16300: 16294: 16293: 16291: 16289: 16270: 16264: 16252: 16250: 16243: 16235: 16229: 16216: 16214: 16207: 16199: 16193: 16192: 16190: 16188: 16182: 16175: 16167: 16158: 16157: 16155: 16153: 16134: 16128: 16127: 16125: 16123: 16118:on 26 April 2019 16114:. Archived from 16104: 16098: 16097: 16095: 16093: 16074: 16068: 16065: 16059: 16058: 16030: 16024: 16023: 16021: 16019: 15991: 15985: 15978: 15972: 15959: 15953: 15943: 15937: 15936: 15934: 15932: 15917: 15911: 15910: 15908: 15906: 15887: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15873: 15852: 15846: 15845: 15843: 15841: 15819: 15810: 15809: 15807: 15805: 15789: 15783: 15782: 15780: 15778: 15759: 15753: 15752: 15750: 15748: 15742: 15735: 15727: 15721: 15720: 15714: 15706: 15704: 15702: 15682: 15676: 15675: 15673: 15671: 15651: 15645: 15644: 15642: 15640: 15621: 15615: 15614: 15612: 15610: 15590: 15584: 15583: 15581: 15579: 15560: 15554: 15553: 15551: 15549: 15534: 15528: 15527: 15525: 15523: 15504: 15498: 15497: 15495: 15493: 15478: 15472: 15471: 15469: 15467: 15462:on 25 March 2009 15461: 15455:. Archived from 15454: 15446: 15440: 15439: 15437: 15435: 15415: 15409: 15408: 15406: 15404: 15390: 15382: 15376: 15360: 15354: 15353: 15351: 15349: 15328: 15322: 15321: 15319: 15317: 15298: 15292: 15291: 15289: 15287: 15266: 15260: 15259: 15257: 15255: 15240: 15231: 15230: 15228: 15226: 15205: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15194: 15175: 15169: 15168: 15166: 15164: 15143: 15137: 15136: 15134: 15132: 15113: 15107: 15106: 15104: 15102: 15087: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15076: 15057: 15051: 15050: 15048: 15046: 15027: 15021: 15020: 15018: 15016: 14997: 14991: 14990: 14988: 14986: 14971: 14965: 14964: 14962: 14960: 14941: 14935: 14922: 14916: 14915: 14913: 14911: 14896: 14890: 14889: 14883: 14875: 14873: 14871: 14851: 14845: 14844: 14842: 14840: 14821: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14810: 14794: 14788: 14787: 14785: 14783: 14763: 14757: 14756: 14754: 14752: 14733: 14724: 14723: 14717: 14709: 14707: 14705: 14685: 14679: 14678: 14676: 14674: 14659: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14648: 14633: 14627: 14626: 14624: 14622: 14603: 14597: 14596: 14594: 14592: 14573: 14567: 14566: 14564: 14562: 14548: 14540: 14534: 14533: 14531: 14529: 14514: 14508: 14507: 14505: 14503: 14488: 14482: 14481: 14479: 14477: 14458: 14452: 14451: 14449: 14447: 14427: 14421: 14420: 14414: 14406: 14404: 14402: 14390: 14384: 14371: 14365: 14364: 14362: 14360: 14345: 14339: 14338: 14336: 14334: 14315: 14309: 14308: 14306: 14304: 14282: 14276: 14275: 14273: 14271: 14249: 14243: 14242: 14240: 14238: 14223: 14217: 14216: 14214: 14212: 14193: 14187: 14186: 14184: 14182: 14163: 14157: 14156: 14154: 14152: 14137: 14131: 14130: 14128: 14126: 14120: 14113: 14105: 14099: 14098: 14096: 14094: 14079: 14073: 14072: 14066: 14058: 14056: 14054: 14034: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14023: 14008: 13999: 13986: 13977: 13976: 13974: 13972: 13957: 13948: 13947: 13945: 13943: 13937: 13930: 13922: 13916: 13915: 13913: 13911: 13902:. Archived from 13896: 13890: 13889: 13887: 13885: 13879: 13872: 13864: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13834: 13828: 13827: 13825: 13823: 13808: 13802: 13801: 13799: 13797: 13782: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13771: 13756: 13750: 13735: 13731: 13725: 13724: 13712: 13706: 13665: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13654: 13649:on 25 March 2017 13645:. Archived from 13643:www.edmaktub.org 13635: 13629: 13628: 13626: 13624: 13609: 13603: 13602: 13599:www.euractiv.com 13590: 13584: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13572:Voice of America 13564: 13558: 13557: 13555: 13553: 13538: 13532: 13531: 13529: 13527: 13518: 13509: 13503: 13502: 13500: 13498: 13483: 13477: 13476: 13474: 13472: 13452: 13446: 13445: 13443: 13441: 13432:. Archived from 13422: 13416: 13415: 13413: 13411: 13392: 13386: 13385: 13375: 13367: 13361: 13360: 13358: 13356: 13337: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13326: 13307: 13301: 13300: 13298: 13296: 13277: 13271: 13270: 13268: 13266: 13246: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13235: 13220: 13214: 13213: 13211: 13209: 13194: 13188: 13187: 13185: 13183: 13161: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13131: 13125: 13124: 13122: 13120: 13092: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13081: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13048: 13041: 13033: 13027: 13026: 13024: 13022: 13000: 12994: 12993: 12991: 12989: 12968: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12957: 12948:. Archived from 12942: 12936: 12935: 12929: 12921: 12919: 12917: 12908:. Archived from 12901: 12895: 12894: 12892: 12890: 12881:. 22 July 2022. 12871: 12865: 12852: 12846: 12833: 12827: 12826: 12824: 12792: 12786: 12785: 12758: 12752: 12751: 12749: 12747: 12719: 12713: 12703: 12697: 12687: 12681: 12680: 12665: 12659: 12658: 12642: 12636: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12611: 12583: 12577: 12576: 12548: 12542: 12541: 12539: 12537: 12509: 12503: 12502: 12480: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12452: 12446: 12445: 12443: 12441: 12435: 12428: 12419: 12413: 12412: 12410: 12408: 12402: 12395: 12386: 12380: 12379: 12377: 12375: 12369: 12362: 12353: 12347: 12346: 12328: 12322: 12321: 12303: 12297: 12296: 12278: 12272: 12271: 12253: 12247: 12229: 12223: 12216: 12210: 12209: 12191: 12185: 12164: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12153: 12137: 12131: 12130: 12124: 12116: 12090: 12084: 12083: 12061: 12055: 12054: 12052: 12050: 12014: 12008: 11995: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11984: 11975:. Archived from 11969: 11963: 11962: 11960: 11958: 11930: 11924: 11920: 11914: 11907: 11901: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11876: 11857: 11851: 11844: 11838: 11831: 11825: 11823: 11822: 11820: 11811:, archived from 11780: 11774: 11767: 11761: 11747: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11736: 11721: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11695: 11689: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11653:Études celtiques 11644: 11638: 11637: 11635: 11633: 11618: 11612: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11588: 11582: 11581: 11579: 11577: 11568:. Ed. Nacional. 11559: 11550: 11537: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11526: 11507: 11501: 11494: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11468: 11462: 11449: 11443: 11442: 11437: 11435: 11420: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11394: 11388: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11378: 11361: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11326: 11320: 11319: 11317: 11315: 11296: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11285: 11279: 11268: 11260: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11249: 11243: 11237:. Archived from 11236: 11228: 11215: 11214: 11212: 11210: 11204: 11193: 11185: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11174: 11159: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11122: 11103: 11086: 11083: 11077: 11066: 11060: 11057: 11051: 11040: 11034: 11031: 10979: 10974: 10973: 10972: 10965: 10960: 10959: 10958: 10941: 10940: 10929: 10928: 10866:wines, such as: 10865: 10846: 10840: 10832: 10812: 10783: 10757: 10741: 10722: 10697: 10651: 10637: 10619: 10597: 10540:Segunda División 10497: 10429: 10341:José Luis Guerín 10313:Josep Maria Forn 10309:Barcelona School 10192: 10191: 10136:Media and cinema 10132:from the 1990s. 10078:Els Setze Jutges 10021:Performances of 9957:Pere Albert Vila 9942: 9936: 9853: 9835: 9824: 9791: 9762: 9744: 9736: 9728: 9705: 9646:Ana María Matute 9578:Gabriel Ferrater 9547:Ana María Matute 9510: 9485:Jacint Verdaguer 9482: 9474: 9457: 9445: 9441: 9436: 9429: 9325:Poblet Monastery 9255:Josep Lluís Sert 9172:(CCCB), and the 9126: 9125: 9113: 9104: 9083:Josep Maria Sert 9079:Santiago Rusiñol 9063:Claudi Lorenzale 9022: 9013: 9001:Art of Catalonia 8924: 8916: 8913: 8909: 8904:Fragment of the 8895: 8889: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8762: 8712:Other languages 8624:651 000 (10.2%) 8621:Other languages 8557: 8545:Spanish language 8541:Catalan language 8520: 8512: 8501: 8494: 8483: 8479: 8457: 8451: 8441: 8431: 8421: 8411: 8401: 8391: 8381: 8306:CENTRAL AMERICA 8227:TOTAL FOREIGNERS 8201: 8200: 8191: 8189: 8188: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8111: 8109: 8108: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8063: 8061: 8060: 8047: 8045: 8044: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8015: 8013: 8012: 7999: 7997: 7996: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7967: 7965: 7964: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7903: 7901: 7900: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7871: 7869: 7868: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7839: 7837: 7836: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7757: 7754: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7727: 7724: 7720: 7693: 7676: 7645: 7634: 7474: 7469: 7461: 7457: 7141: 7131: 7088: 7078: 7019: 7007: 7006: 6979: 6971: 6967: 6959: 6955: 6943: 6939: 6932:) services from 6921: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6846: 6844: 6840: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6792: 6787: 6767: 6762: 6742: 6725: 6708: 6703: 6686: 6666: 6649: 6632: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6568: 6562: 6560: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6525: 6494: 6486: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6451: 6447: 6405:Sabadell Airport 6241: 6237: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6203: 6191: 6149: 6145: 6124:Costa del Garraf 6102:Secondary sector 6053: 6049: 6022: 6014: 6006: 5991: 5987: 5979: 5950:Peach fields in 5934:Economy of Spain 5916:Vielha e Mijaran 5912: 5897: 5882: 5866: 5851: 5835: 5820: 5805: 5790: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5755: 5749: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5722:municipalities ( 5721: 5703: 5688: 5686:consell comarcal 5681:comarcal council 5653:Catalan counties 5630:Vielha e Mijaran 5616:Terres de l'Ebre 5525: 5521: 5517: 5420: 5351: 5336:criminal justice 5318: 5314: 5308: 5286: 5270: 5260: 5258:conseller primer 5250: 5244: 5242:Consell Executiu 5228:(2018–2020) and 5210:Pasqual Maragall 5195: 5182: 5178: 5157: 5153: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5091: 5069: 5048: 5000:Balearic Islands 4915: 4907: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4877: 4817: 4798: 4775: 4754: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4706: 4693: 4689: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4069:Statute and laws 4058: 4042: 4041: 4021: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3917: 3896: 3860:and the town of 3827:lake of Banyoles 3763:Lake of Banyoles 3711:Pyrenean chamois 3618: 3614: 3544: 3537: 3531: 3526: 3520: 3515: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3483: 3477: 3472: 3466: 3461: 3419:freezing drizzle 3342: 3331: 3323: 3315: 3304: 3293: 3189:A controversial 3154:Pasqual Maragall 3116:Barcelona hosted 3011:Francisco Franco 2973:Francisco Franco 2916: 2907: 2836: 2832: 2823:Catalan Republic 2762:Valentí Almirall 2714: 2648:against Napoleon 2558:House of Bourbon 2556:from the French 2423:Tirant lo Blanch 2418:Joanot Martorell 2360: 2140: 2042:Claudi Lorenzale 2020: 2004: 2000: 1977: 1969: 1957: 1907:and traded with 1905:Second Punic War 1808: 1804: 1799:Urnfield Culture 1788: 1780: 1769: 1761: 1738: 1664: 1650: 1632: 1622: 1617:, is pronounced 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1199:Peace of Utrecht 1197:, but after the 1113:Frankish kingdom 1080:to the west and 990: 989: 988: 982: 967: 952: 951: 950: 944: 929: 928: 925: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 897: 894: 873: 870: 840:Official holiday 745: 712: 682:€255.154 billion 650: 502:24 of 265 (9.1%) 482: 475: 413: 374: 321: 292: 290: 289: 277: 276: 274: 273: 272: 267: 263: 260: 259: 258: 255: 237: 234: 227: 224: 209: 197: 189: 169: 157: 135: 127: 119: 111: 103: 95: 82: 81: 21: 20691: 20690: 20686: 20685: 20684: 20682: 20681: 20680: 20636: 20635: 20634: 20629: 20628: 20623: 20614: 20586: 20577: 20547: 20542: 20507: 20497: 20493:Vallès Oriental 20428:Pla de l'Estany 20280: 20274: 20269: 20239: 20234: 20202: 20191: 20189: 20178: 20176: 20163: 20154: 20142: 20140: 20139: 20127: 20125: 20124: 20112: 20110: 20109: 20097: 20095: 20094: 20082: 20080: 20079: 20067: 20065: 20064: 20052: 20050: 20049: 20037: 20035: 20034: 20022: 20020: 20019: 20007: 20005: 20004: 19992: 19990: 19989: 19977: 19975: 19974: 19962: 19960: 19959: 19947: 19945: 19944: 19932: 19930: 19929: 19917: 19915: 19914: 19902: 19900: 19899: 19886: 19877: 19847: 19842: 19820: 19783: 19744: 19708:Més per Menorca 19623:Òmnium Cultural 19594: 19545:Carme Forcadell 19535:Oriol Junqueras 19463: 19458: 19450: 19442: 19434: 19426: 19418: 19410: 19402: 19394: 19378: 19342: 19185: 19180: 19178: 19166: 19164: 19162: 19132: 19127: 19086: 19009:Local elections 19003: 18945: 18852: 18757: 18746: 18744: 18709: 18701: 18696: 18688: 18681: 18668: 18654:St George's Day 18620: 18587:Public holidays 18518: 18454: 18415:Property bubble 18385: 18319: 18271: 18229: 18224:2017 referendum 18180:Republic (1931) 18114:Crown of Aragon 18075: 18069: 18027: 18010:, ed. (1911). " 17995: 17993: 17991: 17990: 17980: 17978: 17965: 17964: 17960: 17950: 17948: 17935: 17934: 17930: 17920: 17918: 17907: 17903: 17893: 17891: 17882: 17881: 17877: 17867: 17865: 17856: 17855: 17851: 17841: 17839: 17826: 17825: 17821: 17811:Wayback Machine 17802: 17798: 17788: 17786: 17771: 17770: 17766: 17756: 17754: 17741: 17740: 17736: 17731:Wayback Machine 17722: 17718: 17708: 17706: 17697: 17696: 17692: 17682: 17680: 17671: 17670: 17666: 17656: 17654: 17645: 17644: 17640: 17630: 17628: 17615: 17614: 17610: 17600: 17598: 17594: 17588:www.tas-cas.org 17583: 17577: 17573: 17563: 17561: 17552: 17551: 17547: 17537: 17535: 17522: 17521: 17517: 17507: 17505: 17492: 17491: 17487: 17477: 17475: 17460: 17456: 17446: 17444: 17431: 17430: 17426: 17416: 17414: 17397: 17393: 17383: 17381: 17368: 17367: 17363: 17358:Wayback Machine 17348: 17344: 17331: 17327: 17317: 17315: 17302: 17301: 17297: 17284: 17280: 17270: 17268: 17263: 17262: 17258: 17242: 17241: 17234: 17232: 17221: 17217: 17207: 17205: 17196: 17195: 17191: 17181: 17179: 17170: 17169: 17165: 17155: 17153: 17140: 17139: 17135: 17125: 17123: 17112: 17108: 17098: 17096: 17089: 17073: 17069: 17059: 17057: 17048: 17047: 17043: 17033: 17031: 17018: 17017: 17013: 17003: 17001: 16992: 16991: 16987: 16977: 16975: 16966: 16965: 16961: 16951:Wayback Machine 16940: 16936: 16926: 16924: 16920: 16913: 16909: 16908: 16904: 16894: 16892: 16883: 16882: 16878: 16868: 16866: 16857: 16856: 16852: 16842: 16840: 16831: 16830: 16826: 16816: 16814: 16807: 16791: 16787: 16777: 16775: 16768: 16750: 16746: 16736: 16734: 16730: 16723: 16719: 16718: 16714: 16707:abcdesevilla.es 16699: 16695: 16685: 16683: 16668: 16664: 16658:Wayback Machine 16649: 16645: 16635: 16633: 16632:on 17 July 2009 16624: 16623: 16619: 16609: 16607: 16606:on 17 July 2009 16598: 16597: 16593: 16583: 16581: 16572: 16571: 16567: 16557: 16555: 16544: 16540: 16530: 16528: 16521: 16505: 16501: 16491: 16489: 16482: 16466: 16462: 16452: 16450: 16443: 16427: 16423: 16416: 16402: 16398: 16388: 16386: 16377: 16376: 16372: 16362:Wayback Machine 16353: 16349: 16339: 16337: 16328: 16327: 16323: 16313: 16311: 16306:. Idescat.cat. 16302: 16301: 16297: 16287: 16285: 16278:www.idescat.cat 16272: 16271: 16267: 16262:Wayback Machine 16248: 16241: 16237: 16236: 16232: 16226:Wayback Machine 16212: 16205: 16201: 16200: 16196: 16186: 16184: 16180: 16173: 16169: 16168: 16161: 16151: 16149: 16136: 16135: 16131: 16121: 16119: 16106: 16105: 16101: 16091: 16089: 16082:www.idescat.cat 16076: 16075: 16071: 16066: 16062: 16031: 16027: 16017: 16015: 15992: 15988: 15979: 15975: 15969:Wayback Machine 15960: 15956: 15944: 15940: 15930: 15928: 15923:. idescat.cat. 15919: 15918: 15914: 15904: 15902: 15889: 15888: 15881: 15871: 15869: 15854: 15853: 15849: 15839: 15837: 15820: 15813: 15803: 15801: 15792:Barrow, Keith. 15790: 15786: 15776: 15774: 15761: 15760: 15756: 15746: 15744: 15740: 15733: 15729: 15728: 15724: 15708: 15707: 15700: 15698: 15683: 15679: 15669: 15667: 15652: 15648: 15638: 15636: 15623: 15622: 15618: 15608: 15606: 15591: 15587: 15577: 15575: 15562: 15561: 15557: 15547: 15545: 15536: 15535: 15531: 15521: 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14672: 14670: 14661: 14660: 14656: 14646: 14644: 14635: 14634: 14630: 14620: 14618: 14605: 14604: 14600: 14590: 14588: 14583:. 1 July 2010. 14575: 14574: 14570: 14560: 14558: 14541: 14537: 14527: 14525: 14516: 14515: 14511: 14501: 14499: 14490: 14489: 14485: 14475: 14473: 14460: 14459: 14455: 14445: 14443: 14428: 14424: 14408: 14407: 14400: 14398: 14391: 14387: 14382:Wayback Machine 14372: 14368: 14358: 14356: 14347: 14346: 14342: 14332: 14330: 14317: 14316: 14312: 14302: 14300: 14283: 14279: 14269: 14267: 14250: 14246: 14236: 14234: 14225: 14224: 14220: 14210: 14208: 14195: 14194: 14190: 14180: 14178: 14165: 14164: 14160: 14150: 14148: 14139: 14138: 14134: 14124: 14122: 14118: 14111: 14107: 14106: 14102: 14092: 14090: 14081: 14080: 14076: 14060: 14059: 14052: 14050: 14035: 14031: 14021: 14019: 14010: 14009: 14002: 13997:Wayback Machine 13989:Racalacarta.com 13987: 13980: 13970: 13968: 13959: 13958: 13951: 13941: 13939: 13935: 13928: 13924: 13923: 13919: 13909: 13907: 13906:on 21 July 2010 13898: 13897: 13893: 13883: 13881: 13877: 13870: 13866: 13865: 13861: 13851: 13849: 13836: 13835: 13831: 13821: 13819: 13818:on 3 March 2010 13810: 13809: 13805: 13795: 13793: 13784: 13783: 13779: 13769: 13767: 13758: 13757: 13753: 13747:Wayback Machine 13733: 13732: 13728: 13713: 13709: 13676:Wayback Machine 13666: 13662: 13652: 13650: 13637: 13636: 13632: 13622: 13620: 13611: 13610: 13606: 13591: 13587: 13577: 13575: 13566: 13565: 13561: 13551: 13549: 13539: 13535: 13525: 13523: 13516: 13510: 13506: 13496: 13494: 13485: 13484: 13480: 13470: 13468: 13453: 13449: 13439: 13437: 13424: 13423: 13419: 13409: 13407: 13394: 13393: 13389: 13368: 13364: 13354: 13352: 13351:on 22 June 2018 13339: 13338: 13334: 13324: 13322: 13309: 13308: 13304: 13294: 13292: 13279: 13278: 13274: 13264: 13262: 13247: 13243: 13233: 13231: 13222: 13221: 13217: 13207: 13205: 13196: 13195: 13191: 13181: 13179: 13162: 13158: 13148: 13146: 13133: 13132: 13128: 13118: 13116: 13093: 13089: 13079: 13077: 13066: 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12058: 12048: 12046: 12039: 12015: 12011: 12005:Wayback Machine 11996: 11992: 11982: 11980: 11971: 11970: 11966: 11956: 11954: 11947: 11931: 11927: 11921: 11917: 11908: 11904: 11888: 11884: 11874: 11872: 11859: 11858: 11854: 11845: 11841: 11837:, 9:4, 407–416. 11832: 11828: 11818: 11816: 11781: 11777: 11768: 11764: 11758:Wayback Machine 11748: 11744: 11734: 11732: 11723: 11722: 11718: 11708: 11706: 11697: 11696: 11692: 11682: 11680: 11645: 11641: 11631: 11629: 11620: 11619: 11615: 11610: 11606: 11589: 11585: 11575: 11573: 11560: 11553: 11548:Wayback Machine 11538: 11534: 11524: 11522: 11517:. 24 May 2022. 11509: 11508: 11504: 11495: 11491: 11481: 11479: 11470: 11469: 11465: 11459:Wayback Machine 11450: 11446: 11433: 11431: 11422: 11421: 11417: 11407: 11405: 11396: 11395: 11391: 11382: 11380: 11376: 11370: 11359: 11353: 11352: 11348: 11338: 11336: 11328: 11327: 11323: 11313: 11311: 11298: 11297: 11293: 11283: 11281: 11277: 11266: 11262: 11261: 11257: 11247: 11245: 11241: 11234: 11230: 11229: 11218: 11208: 11206: 11202: 11191: 11187: 11186: 11182: 11172: 11170: 11161: 11160: 11156: 11146: 11144: 11135: 11134: 11130: 11120: 11118: 11105: 11104: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11089: 11084: 11080: 11067: 11063: 11058: 11054: 11041: 11037: 11032: 11028: 11023: 10985:Catalan Company 10975: 10970: 10968: 10961: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10935: 10923: 10915: 10809:pa amb tomàquet 10780:Pa amb tomàquet 10771: 10769:Catalan cuisine 10765: 10750:St George's Day 10674: 10668: 10661: 10652: 10643: 10638: 10629: 10620: 10611: 10598: 10443: 10437: 10423: 10417: 10283:Catalunya Ràdio 10144: 10138: 10100:for Punk Rock, 10055:Giacomo Aragall 9943:of burned rum. 9919:ball de bastons 9877: 9871: 9869:Music and dance 9765:La Seu d'Urgell 9672: 9666: 9554:Salvador Espriu 9508: 9472: 9443: 9439: 9434: 9427: 9420: 9414: 9362:Sagrada Família 9294:Sagrada Família 9275: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9139: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9106: 9105: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9036: 9025: 9024: 9023: 9015: 9014: 9003: 8997: 8992: 8955:Moroccan Arabic 8914: 8882:language policy 8875:Òmnium Cultural 8871:sociolinguistic 8863:Francoist Spain 8835: 8831: 8827: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8760: 8731:193 000 (3.0%) 8718:153 000 (2.4%) 8715:281 000 (4.4%) 8637:114 000 (1.8%) 8627:504 000 (7.9%) 8616:474 000 (7.4%) 8613:440 000 (6.9%) 8610:Both languages 8555: 8549:Aranese dialect 8537: 8531: 8518: 8510: 8499: 8492: 8481: 8480:Catholics, 7.0% 8477: 8468:, specifically 8462: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8455: 8453: 8449: 8447: 8439: 8437: 8429: 8427: 8419: 8417: 8409: 8407: 8399: 8397: 8389: 8387: 8379: 8371: 8365: 8266:EUROPEAN UNION 8186: 8184: 8170: 8168: 8154: 8152: 8138: 8136: 8122: 8120: 8106: 8104: 8090: 8088: 8074: 8072: 8058: 8056: 8042: 8040: 8026: 8024: 8010: 8008: 7994: 7992: 7978: 7976: 7962: 7960: 7946: 7944: 7930: 7928: 7914: 7912: 7898: 7896: 7882: 7880: 7866: 7864: 7850: 7848: 7834: 7832: 7818: 7816: 7802: 7800: 7786: 7784: 7770: 7768: 7752: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7722: 7718: 7715:Southern Europe 7691: 7674: 7643: 7632: 7456: 7272:Rubí, Barcelona 7142: 7136: 7132: 7089: 7083: 7079: 7029: 7028: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7004: 6998: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6941: 6937: 6926:High-speed rail 6871: 6865: 6854: 6850: 6848: 6842: 6838: 6836: 6830: 6826: 6824: 6814: 6810: 6808: 6781: 6756: 6736: 6719: 6697: 6680: 6660: 6643: 6615: 6611: 6609: 6592: 6588: 6586: 6558: 6554: 6552: 6540: 6536: 6534: 6511: 6505: 6484: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6449: 6426: 6420: 6358: 6341: 6336: 6233: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6201: 6189: 6147: 6143: 6108:Tertiary sector 6051: 6047: 6020: 6012: 6004: 5989: 5985: 5977: 5936: 5930: 5919: 5913: 5904: 5898: 5889: 5883: 5874: 5867: 5858: 5852: 5843: 5836: 5827: 5821: 5812: 5809:La Seu d'Urgell 5806: 5797: 5791: 5775:casa de la vila 5719: 5716: 5710: 5665:Pla de l'Estany 5645: 5639: 5550:La Seu d'Urgell 5523: 5519: 5498: 5492: 5435: 5429: 5418: 5397: 5387: 5373: 5365:law enforcement 5316: 5299: 5293: 5284: 5180: 5176: 5155: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5070: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5056:Ciutadella park 5049: 5038: 5032: 4938: 4928: 4922: 4913: 4905: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4875: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4823: 4818: 4810: 4809: 4799: 4791: 4790: 4776: 4767: 4766: 4752: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4704: 4691: 4687: 4636: 4624:Main articles: 4618: 4589: 4585:Other countries 4576: 4575: 4552: 4520: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4469: 4468: 4383: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4325: 4315: 4314: 4288: 4280: 4279: 4256: 4244: 4234: 4233: 4205: 4195: 4194: 4181: 4154: 4144: 4143: 4119: 4109: 4108: 4094: 4070: 4049: 4040: 4030:Forest and the 3915: 3907: 3756: 3750: 3687:Montseny Massif 3669: 3667:Flora and fauna 3616: 3612: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3534: 3524: 3523: 3513: 3512: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3481: 3480: 3470: 3469: 3459: 3458: 3445: 3439: 3429:valleys and in 3400:oceanic climate 3350: 3347: 3340: 3336: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3298: 3296:Oceanic climate 3291: 3280: 3275: 3227:Oriol Junqueras 3138: 3130:Main articles: 3128: 3092:first elections 3064: 3052:Spanish miracle 3035:Francoist Spain 3028:Montjuïc Castle 2942:Republican side 2934: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2909: 2908: 2897: 2889:Main articles: 2887: 2834: 2830: 2812:Primo de Rivera 2796:Setmana Tràgica 2712: 2690:Carlist faction 2654:Napoleonic Wars 2635: 2619:Castilian Crown 2615:Crown of Aragon 2607: 2484:) grandfather, 2432: 2358: 2343:Crown of Aragon 2320:Corts Catalanes 2293:House of Aragon 2214:Crown of Aragon 2178:Ramon Borrell I 2138: 2116:Crown of Aragon 2077:Frankish empire 2031: 2018: 2002: 1998: 1975: 1967: 1955: 1887:, in Emporion ( 1819: 1806: 1802: 1786: 1778: 1767: 1764:hunter-gatherer 1759: 1736: 1729:Epipalaeolithic 1697:Roca dels Moros 1689: 1684: 1677: 1671: 1625:Central Catalan 1577: 1573: 1542:Marca Hispanica 1304: 1129:Crown of Aragon 1102:Aranese dialect 984: 983: 946: 945: 891: 887: 867: 856: 850:Patron saint(s) 818: 796: 795: 739: 710: 653: 646: 602: 588: 574: 478: 473: 412: 388: 372: 371: 356: 350: 332: 322: 315: 314: 308: 287: 285: 270: 268: 264: 261: 256: 253: 251: 249: 248: 242: 239: 238: 235: 228: 225: 213: 203: 200: 199:("The Reapers") 198: 191: 177: 176: 175: 174: 163: 162: 145: 136: 129: 120: 113: 104: 97: 87: 80: 75: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20689: 20679: 20678: 20673: 20668: 20663: 20658: 20653: 20648: 20631: 20630: 20625: 20624: 20617: 20615: 20613: 20612: 20607: 20602: 20597: 20591: 20588: 20587: 20576: 20575: 20568: 20561: 20553: 20544: 20543: 20541: 20540: 20535: 20530: 20525: 20520: 20514: 20512: 20499: 20498: 20496: 20495: 20490: 20485: 20480: 20475: 20470: 20465: 20460: 20455: 20450: 20445: 20440: 20435: 20430: 20425: 20423:Pallars Sobirà 20420: 20415: 20410: 20405: 20400: 20395: 20390: 20385: 20380: 20375: 20370: 20365: 20360: 20355: 20350: 20345: 20343:Baix Llobregat 20340: 20335: 20330: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20310: 20308:Alta Ribagorça 20305: 20300: 20295: 20290: 20284: 20282: 20276: 20275: 20268: 20267: 20260: 20253: 20245: 20236: 20235: 20233: 20232: 20227: 20222: 20216: 20214: 20204: 20203: 20201: 20200: 20187: 20173: 20171: 20165: 20164: 20157: 20155: 20153: 20152: 20137: 20122: 20107: 20092: 20077: 20062: 20047: 20032: 20017: 20002: 19987: 19984:Canary Islands 19972: 19969:Basque Country 19957: 19942: 19927: 19912: 19896: 19894: 19888: 19887: 19876: 19875: 19868: 19861: 19853: 19844: 19843: 19841: 19840: 19829: 19826: 19825: 19822: 19821: 19819: 19818: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19791: 19789: 19785: 19784: 19782: 19781: 19776: 19771: 19765: 19759: 19752: 19750: 19746: 19745: 19743: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19716: 19715: 19705: 19704: 19703: 19693: 19692: 19691: 19686: 19676: 19675: 19674: 19669: 19659: 19658: 19657: 19647: 19641: 19635: 19630: 19625: 19620: 19615: 19609: 19607: 19600: 19596: 19595: 19593: 19592: 19587: 19582: 19577: 19572: 19567: 19562: 19557: 19552: 19547: 19542: 19537: 19532: 19527: 19522: 19520:Guillem Agulló 19517: 19512: 19507: 19502: 19497: 19495:Lluís Companys 19492: 19490:Francesc Macià 19487: 19482: 19477: 19471: 19469: 19465: 19464: 19462: 19461: 19453: 19445: 19437: 19429: 19421: 19413: 19405: 19397: 19386: 19384: 19380: 19379: 19377: 19376: 19371: 19366: 19361: 19356: 19350: 19348: 19344: 19343: 19341: 19340: 19339: 19338: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19313: 19308: 19307: 19306: 19296: 19291: 19286: 19281: 19276: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19256: 19251: 19246: 19241: 19240: 19239: 19229: 19224: 19219: 19214: 19209: 19204: 19199: 19193: 19191: 19187: 19186: 19161: 19160: 19153: 19146: 19138: 19129: 19128: 19126: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19110: 19105: 19100: 19094: 19092: 19088: 19087: 19085: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19059: 19054: 19049: 19044: 19039: 19034: 19029: 19024: 19019: 19013: 19011: 19005: 19004: 19002: 19001: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18955: 18953: 18947: 18946: 18944: 18943: 18938: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18868: 18862: 18860: 18854: 18853: 18851: 18850: 18843: 18838: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18803: 18798: 18793: 18788: 18783: 18778: 18773: 18767: 18765: 18759: 18758: 18743: 18742: 18735: 18728: 18720: 18714: 18711: 18710: 18698: 18697: 18695: 18694: 18687: 18686: 18678: 18677: 18674: 18673: 18670: 18669: 18667: 18666: 18664:Catalan donkey 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18630: 18628: 18622: 18621: 18619: 18618: 18613: 18612: 18611: 18601: 18594: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18569: 18564: 18559: 18554: 18549: 18544: 18539: 18534: 18528: 18526: 18520: 18519: 18517: 18516: 18511: 18506: 18501: 18496: 18491: 18486: 18481: 18476: 18470: 18464: 18460: 18459: 18456: 18455: 18453: 18452: 18447: 18442: 18437: 18432: 18427: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18407: 18405:Catalan peseta 18401: 18395: 18391: 18390: 18387: 18386: 18384: 18383: 18378: 18373: 18368: 18363: 18358: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18337: 18331: 18325: 18324: 18321: 18320: 18318: 18317: 18312: 18307: 18305:Municipalities 18302: 18297: 18287: 18281: 18279: 18273: 18272: 18270: 18269: 18267:Extreme points 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18243: 18237: 18231: 18230: 18228: 18227: 18217: 18212: 18207: 18202: 18197: 18192: 18187: 18182: 18177: 18172: 18165: 18160: 18150: 18136: 18131: 18126: 18121: 18116: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18099:Roman Hispania 18096: 18091: 18085: 18083: 18077: 18076: 18074: articles 18068: 18067: 18060: 18053: 18045: 18039: 18038: 18033: 18026: 18025:External links 18023: 18008:Chisholm, Hugh 17989: 17988: 17958: 17928: 17901: 17875: 17849: 17819: 17815:Périco Légasse 17796: 17764: 17734: 17716: 17690: 17664: 17638: 17627:on 25 May 2017 17608: 17571: 17545: 17515: 17500:(in Spanish). 17485: 17454: 17424: 17391: 17361: 17350:Patum de Berga 17342: 17325: 17295: 17278: 17256: 17227:. Regio7.cat. 17215: 17189: 17163: 17133: 17106: 17087: 17067: 17041: 17030:on 6 July 2011 17011: 16985: 16959: 16934: 16902: 16887:. gencat.cat. 16876: 16861:. gencat.cat. 16850: 16835:. gencat.cat. 16824: 16805: 16785: 16766: 16744: 16712: 16693: 16662: 16643: 16617: 16591: 16565: 16538: 16519: 16499: 16480: 16460: 16441: 16421: 16414: 16396: 16370: 16347: 16336:on 28 May 2008 16321: 16295: 16265: 16230: 16194: 16159: 16129: 16099: 16069: 16060: 16025: 16002:(in Spanish). 15986: 15973: 15954: 15938: 15912: 15879: 15847: 15811: 15784: 15754: 15722: 15693:(in Catalan). 15677: 15662:(in Catalan). 15646: 15616: 15601:(in Spanish). 15585: 15555: 15529: 15499: 15473: 15441: 15410: 15377: 15355: 15323: 15293: 15261: 15232: 15200: 15170: 15138: 15123:(in Spanish). 15121:datosmacro.com 15108: 15082: 15052: 15037:. 6 May 2023. 15022: 14992: 14966: 14936: 14917: 14906:on 4 July 2010 14891: 14862:(in Catalan). 14846: 14829:www.elmundo.es 14816: 14801:(in Catalan). 14789: 14774:(in Catalan). 14766:palau, òscar. 14758: 14725: 14696:(in Catalan). 14680: 14654: 14643:on 6 July 2011 14628: 14613:(in Catalan). 14598: 14568: 14535: 14509: 14483: 14453: 14422: 14385: 14366: 14340: 14310: 14277: 14244: 14218: 14188: 14158: 14147:on 25 May 2017 14132: 14100: 14074: 14029: 14000: 13978: 13949: 13917: 13891: 13859: 13829: 13803: 13777: 13751: 13726: 13721:l'Enciclopèdia 13707: 13660: 13630: 13604: 13585: 13559: 13533: 13504: 13478: 13463:(in Spanish). 13447: 13417: 13387: 13362: 13332: 13302: 13272: 13257:(in Spanish). 13241: 13215: 13189: 13156: 13126: 13087: 13060: 13028: 12995: 12963: 12937: 12896: 12866: 12847: 12828: 12787: 12775:10.2307/337523 12753: 12734: 12714: 12698: 12690:Payne, Stanley 12682: 12660: 12637: 12617: 12598: 12578: 12571: 12543: 12524: 12504: 12497: 12475: 12447: 12414: 12381: 12348: 12341: 12323: 12316: 12298: 12291: 12273: 12267:978-8429723632 12266: 12248: 12224: 12211: 12204: 12186: 12159: 12132: 12103: 12085: 12078: 12056: 12037: 12031:. p. 26. 12009: 11990: 11964: 11945: 11925: 11915: 11902: 11882: 11852: 11839: 11826: 11775: 11762: 11742: 11716: 11690: 11659:(2): 365–368. 11639: 11613: 11604: 11583: 11551: 11532: 11502: 11489: 11463: 11444: 11430:on 28 May 2008 11415: 11389: 11368: 11346: 11321: 11291: 11273:(in Catalan). 11255: 11216: 11180: 11169:on 28 May 2008 11154: 11139:(in Catalan). 11128: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11078: 11061: 11052: 11035: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10966: 10950: 10947: 10946: 10945: 10933: 10921: 10914: 10911: 10844:suquet de peix 10767:Main article: 10764: 10761: 10760: 10759: 10747: 10744:Catalan Revolt 10732: 10711: 10670:Main article: 10667: 10664: 10663: 10662: 10653: 10646: 10644: 10639: 10632: 10630: 10621: 10614: 10612: 10599: 10592: 10439:Main article: 10436: 10433: 10416: 10413: 10140:Main article: 10137: 10134: 10076:and the group 10059:Josep Carreras 10008:Robert Gerhard 9992:Enric Granados 9873:Main article: 9870: 9867: 9859:Canary Islands 9854:in Catalonia. 9850:Feria de Abril 9668:Main article: 9665: 9662: 9658:Juan Goytisolo 9616:Les Géorgiques 9566:Mercè Rodoreda 9491:(pseudonym of 9466:Mercè Rodoreda 9448:historiography 9416:Main article: 9413: 9410: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9406: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9377: 9371: 9365: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9345: 9332: 9322: 9316: 9307:in Catalonia: 9274: 9271: 9267:Enric Miralles 9263:Ricardo Bofill 9204:Catalan Gothic 9154:Picasso Museum 9118: 9117: 9108: 9107: 9099: 9098: 9097: 9096: 9095: 9027: 9026: 9017: 9016: 9008: 9007: 9006: 9005: 9004: 8999:Main article: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8983:People's Party 8789:Tarragona area 8744: 8743: 8740: 8737: 8733: 8732: 8729: 8728:96 000 (1.5%) 8726: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8716: 8713: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8705:18 000 (0.3%) 8703: 8702:20 000 (0.3%) 8700: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8692:20 000 (0.3%) 8690: 8689:25 000 (0.4%) 8687: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8679:16 000 (0.2%) 8677: 8676:26 000 (0.4%) 8674: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8666:26 000 (0.4%) 8664: 8663:29 000 (0.5%) 8661: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8653:24 000 (0.4%) 8651: 8650:58 000 (0.9%) 8648: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8640:61 000 (0.9%) 8638: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8625: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8607: 8606: 8603: 8600: 8594: 8593: 8590: 8587: 8581: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8533:Main article: 8530: 8527: 8454: 8448: 8438: 8428: 8418: 8408: 8398: 8388: 8378: 8374: 8373: 8372: 8367:Main article: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8316:NORTH AMERICA 8313: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8296:SOUTH AMERICA 8293: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8214: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8181: 8180: 8177: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8149: 8148: 8145: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8117: 8116: 8113: 8101: 8100: 8097: 8085: 8084: 8081: 8069: 8068: 8065: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8021: 8020: 8017: 8016:United Kingdom 8005: 8004: 8001: 7989: 7988: 7985: 7973: 7972: 7969: 7957: 7956: 7953: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7909: 7908: 7905: 7893: 7892: 7889: 7877: 7876: 7873: 7861: 7860: 7857: 7845: 7844: 7841: 7829: 7828: 7825: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7707:Eastern Europe 7627: 7626: 7619: 7618: 7615: 7612: 7608: 7607: 7604: 7601: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7590: 7586: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7575: 7574: 7571: 7568: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7546: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7524: 7520: 7519: 7516: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7505: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7453: 7452: 7449: 7447:Baix Llobregat 7444: 7439: 7436: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7413:Baix Llobregat 7410: 7405: 7402: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7385: 7384: 7381: 7379:Baix Llobregat 7376: 7371: 7368: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7317: 7316: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7300: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7283: 7282: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7249: 7248: 7245: 7243:Baix Llobregat 7240: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7211: 7209:Baix Llobregat 7206: 7201: 7198: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7164: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7125: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7093: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7039: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7021: 7016: 7013: 7010: 7005: 7002:Catalan people 7000:Main article: 6997: 6994: 6903:on the coast. 6864: 6861: 6819:roads) or the 6803: 6802: 6793: 6778: 6777: 6768: 6753: 6752: 6743: 6733: 6732: 6726: 6716: 6715: 6709: 6694: 6693: 6687: 6677: 6676: 6667: 6657: 6656: 6650: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6504: 6501: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6232: 6229: 6128:Malgrat de Mar 6112: 6111: 6105: 6099: 6096:Primary sector 6088:organisation. 5932:Main article: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5914: 5907: 5905: 5899: 5892: 5890: 5884: 5877: 5875: 5868: 5861: 5859: 5853: 5846: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5828: 5822: 5815: 5813: 5807: 5800: 5798: 5792: 5785: 5783: 5709: 5708:Municipalities 5706: 5657:Alta Ribagorça 5641:Main article: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5633: 5623: 5613: 5603: 5593: 5583: 5573: 5563: 5553: 5522:24/2001, of 31 5494:Main article: 5491: 5488: 5484:Baixa Cerdanya 5480: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5461: 5428: 5425: 5413:municipalities 5383:Main article: 5372: 5369: 5361:Basque Country 5352:) since 2002. 5295:Main article: 5292: 5289: 5263:Vice President 5253:First Minister 5071: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5050: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5039: 5034:Main article: 5031: 5028: 5008:People's Party 4965:Basque Country 4924:Main article: 4921: 4918: 4845:independentist 4819: 4812: 4811: 4800: 4793: 4792: 4777: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4677:federalisation 4643:Lluís Companys 4620: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4571:Municipalities 4568: 4563: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4530: 4521: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4475: 4467: 4466: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4300: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4255: 4254: 4245: 4240: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4206: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4180: 4179: 4155: 4150: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4120: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4022:or PNIN), the 3906: 3903: 3875:The principal 3797:Atlantic Ocean 3749: 3746: 3668: 3665: 3621:Serra del Cadí 3590: 3589: 3582: 3579: 3546: 3545: 3532: 3521: 3510: 3499: 3489: 3478: 3467: 3455: 3452:Geomorphologic 3438: 3435: 3389:Alpine climate 3349: 3348: 3339: 3337: 3328: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3312: 3310: 3307:Alpine climate 3301: 3299: 3290: 3287: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3165:People's Party 3127: 3124: 3063: 3056: 3024:Lluís Companys 2921: 2920: 2911: 2910: 2902: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2886: 2883: 2863:Lluís Companys 2851:Francesc Macià 2772:Francesc Macià 2662:Peninsular War 2646:Peninsular War 2634: 2631: 2606: 2603: 2501:Corpus de Sang 2431: 2428: 2316:Catalan Courts 2253:County of Foix 2030: 2027: 2023:deurbanization 1993:Conversion to 1916:Roman Republic 1897:8th century BC 1881:ancient Greeks 1830:Roman aqueduct 1818: 1815: 1795:Indo-Europeans 1688: 1685: 1673:Main article: 1670: 1667: 1572:is pronounced 1566: 1565: 1500: 1473: 1452: 1437:(a ruler of a 1357:("Land of the 1308:Medieval Latin 1303: 1300: 1232:while several 1137:Catalan Courts 1043:European Union 879: 878: 875: 874: 865: 861: 860: 851: 847: 846: 841: 837: 836: 826: 822: 821: 814: 810: 809: 804: 798: 797: 794: 793: 786: 779: 772: 764: 763: 761: 757: 756: 746: 736: 735: 725: 719: 718: 707: 703: 702: 696: 695: 688: 684: 683: 680: 676: 675: 670: 666: 665: 659: 658: 655: 654: 652: 651: 644: 639: 629: 623: 621: 617: 616: 573:or Catalonian 568: 562: 561: 556: 552: 551: 548: 544: 543: 539: 538: 535: 531: 530: 525: 521: 520: 517: 513: 512: 508: 507: 504: 503: 500: 494: 493: 490: 488:Congress seats 484: 483: 476: 470: 469: 464: 460: 459: 449: 445: 444: 439: 435: 434: 425: 421: 420: 416: 415: 411: 410: 405: 400: 395: 389: 385: 381: 380: 375: 367: 366: 353:Second Statute 343: 339: 338: 301: 297: 296: 283: 279: 278: 244: 243: 240: 229: 219: 218: 215: 214: 201: 179: 178: 170: 164: 158: 152: 151: 150: 147: 146: 141: 138: 137: 88: 85: 78: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20688: 20677: 20674: 20672: 20669: 20667: 20664: 20662: 20659: 20657: 20654: 20652: 20649: 20647: 20644: 20643: 20641: 20621: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20603: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20593: 20592: 20589: 20585: 20581: 20574: 20569: 20567: 20562: 20560: 20555: 20554: 20551: 20539: 20536: 20534: 20531: 20529: 20526: 20524: 20521: 20519: 20518:Alta Cerdanya 20516: 20515: 20513: 20510: 20505: 20500: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20484: 20481: 20479: 20476: 20474: 20471: 20469: 20466: 20464: 20461: 20459: 20456: 20454: 20451: 20449: 20446: 20444: 20443:Ribera d'Ebre 20441: 20439: 20436: 20434: 20431: 20429: 20426: 20424: 20421: 20419: 20418:Pallars Jussà 20416: 20414: 20411: 20409: 20406: 20404: 20401: 20399: 20396: 20394: 20391: 20389: 20386: 20384: 20381: 20379: 20376: 20374: 20371: 20369: 20366: 20364: 20361: 20359: 20356: 20354: 20351: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20334: 20331: 20329: 20326: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20309: 20306: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20296: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20285: 20283: 20277: 20273: 20266: 20261: 20259: 20254: 20252: 20247: 20246: 20243: 20231: 20228: 20226: 20223: 20221: 20218: 20217: 20215: 20212: 20211: 20205: 20199: 20188: 20186: 20175: 20174: 20172: 20170: 20166: 20161: 20150: 20138: 20135: 20123: 20120: 20108: 20105: 20093: 20090: 20078: 20075: 20063: 20060: 20048: 20045: 20033: 20030: 20018: 20015: 20003: 20000: 19988: 19985: 19973: 19970: 19958: 19955: 19943: 19940: 19928: 19925: 19913: 19910: 19898: 19897: 19895: 19893: 19889: 19885: 19881: 19874: 19869: 19867: 19862: 19860: 19855: 19854: 19851: 19838: 19834: 19831: 19830: 19827: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19792: 19790: 19786: 19780: 19777: 19775: 19772: 19769: 19766: 19763: 19760: 19757: 19754: 19753: 19751: 19747: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19714: 19711: 19710: 19709: 19706: 19702: 19699: 19698: 19697: 19694: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19681: 19680: 19677: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19664: 19663: 19660: 19656: 19653: 19652: 19651: 19648: 19645: 19642: 19639: 19636: 19634: 19631: 19629: 19626: 19624: 19621: 19619: 19616: 19614: 19611: 19610: 19608: 19604: 19601: 19599:Organisations 19597: 19591: 19588: 19586: 19585:Pere Aragonès 19583: 19581: 19578: 19576: 19573: 19571: 19568: 19566: 19565:Roger Torrent 19563: 19561: 19558: 19556: 19555:Jordi Cuixart 19553: 19551: 19550:Jordi Sànchez 19548: 19546: 19543: 19541: 19540:Muriel Casals 19538: 19536: 19533: 19531: 19528: 19526: 19523: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19513: 19511: 19508: 19506: 19503: 19501: 19500:Joan Comorera 19498: 19496: 19493: 19491: 19488: 19486: 19483: 19481: 19478: 19476: 19473: 19472: 19470: 19466: 19457: 19454: 19449: 19446: 19441: 19438: 19433: 19430: 19425: 19422: 19417: 19414: 19411:(23 Jan 2013) 19409: 19406: 19401: 19398: 19393: 19392: 19388: 19387: 19385: 19381: 19375: 19372: 19370: 19367: 19365: 19362: 19360: 19357: 19355: 19352: 19351: 19349: 19345: 19337: 19334: 19333: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19312: 19309: 19305: 19302: 19301: 19300: 19297: 19295: 19292: 19290: 19287: 19285: 19282: 19280: 19277: 19275: 19272: 19270: 19269:2015 Free Way 19267: 19265: 19262: 19260: 19257: 19255: 19252: 19250: 19247: 19245: 19242: 19238: 19235: 19234: 19233: 19230: 19228: 19225: 19223: 19220: 19218: 19215: 19213: 19210: 19208: 19205: 19203: 19200: 19198: 19195: 19194: 19192: 19188: 19177: 19173: 19159: 19154: 19152: 19147: 19145: 19140: 19139: 19136: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19095: 19093: 19089: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19058: 19055: 19053: 19050: 19048: 19045: 19043: 19040: 19038: 19035: 19033: 19030: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19014: 19012: 19010: 19006: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18956: 18954: 18952: 18948: 18942: 18939: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18924: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18889: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18863: 18861: 18859: 18855: 18849: 18848: 18844: 18842: 18839: 18837: 18834: 18832: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18807: 18804: 18802: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18792: 18789: 18787: 18784: 18782: 18779: 18777: 18774: 18772: 18769: 18768: 18766: 18764: 18760: 18756: 18750: 18741: 18736: 18734: 18729: 18727: 18722: 18721: 18718: 18712: 18705: 18693: 18690: 18689: 18684: 18680: 18679: 18675: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18631: 18629: 18627: 18623: 18617: 18614: 18610: 18607: 18606: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18599: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18529: 18527: 18525: 18521: 18515: 18512: 18510: 18507: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18497: 18495: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18485: 18482: 18480: 18477: 18475: 18472: 18471: 18468: 18465: 18461: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18402: 18399: 18396: 18392: 18382: 18379: 18377: 18374: 18372: 18369: 18367: 18364: 18362: 18359: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18338: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18326: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18295: 18291: 18288: 18286: 18283: 18282: 18280: 18278: 18274: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18244: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18232: 18225: 18221: 18218: 18216: 18213: 18211: 18208: 18206: 18203: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18183: 18181: 18178: 18176: 18173: 18171: 18170: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18158: 18154: 18151: 18148: 18144: 18140: 18137: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18115: 18112: 18110: 18109:Constitutions 18107: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18095: 18092: 18090: 18087: 18086: 18084: 18082: 18078: 18073: 18066: 18061: 18059: 18054: 18052: 18047: 18046: 18043: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18028: 18022: 18019: 18018: 18013: 18009: 18004: 18003:public domain 17976: 17972: 17968: 17962: 17946: 17942: 17938: 17932: 17916: 17912: 17905: 17889: 17885: 17879: 17863: 17859: 17853: 17837: 17833: 17829: 17823: 17816: 17812: 17808: 17805: 17800: 17784: 17780: 17779: 17774: 17768: 17752: 17748: 17744: 17738: 17732: 17728: 17725: 17720: 17704: 17700: 17694: 17678: 17674: 17668: 17652: 17648: 17642: 17626: 17622: 17618: 17612: 17593: 17589: 17582: 17575: 17559: 17555: 17549: 17533: 17529: 17525: 17519: 17503: 17499: 17495: 17489: 17473: 17469: 17465: 17458: 17442: 17438: 17434: 17428: 17412: 17408: 17407: 17402: 17395: 17379: 17375: 17371: 17365: 17359: 17355: 17351: 17346: 17339: 17338:84-7235-438-5 17335: 17329: 17313: 17309: 17305: 17299: 17292: 17288: 17282: 17266: 17260: 17252: 17246: 17230: 17226: 17219: 17203: 17199: 17193: 17177: 17173: 17167: 17151: 17147: 17143: 17137: 17121: 17117: 17110: 17094: 17090: 17084: 17080: 17079: 17071: 17055: 17051: 17045: 17029: 17025: 17021: 17015: 16999: 16995: 16989: 16973: 16969: 16963: 16957:. Idescat.cat 16956: 16952: 16948: 16945: 16944: 16938: 16919: 16912: 16906: 16890: 16886: 16880: 16864: 16860: 16854: 16838: 16834: 16828: 16812: 16808: 16806:84-8415-672-9 16802: 16798: 16797: 16789: 16773: 16769: 16767:84-7826-894-4 16763: 16759: 16755: 16748: 16729: 16722: 16716: 16708: 16704: 16697: 16681: 16677: 16673: 16666: 16659: 16655: 16652: 16647: 16631: 16627: 16621: 16605: 16601: 16595: 16579: 16575: 16569: 16553: 16549: 16542: 16526: 16522: 16516: 16512: 16511: 16503: 16487: 16483: 16477: 16473: 16472: 16464: 16448: 16444: 16438: 16434: 16433: 16425: 16417: 16411: 16407: 16400: 16384: 16380: 16374: 16367: 16366:La Val d'Aran 16363: 16359: 16356: 16351: 16335: 16331: 16325: 16309: 16305: 16299: 16283: 16279: 16275: 16269: 16263: 16259: 16256: 16247: 16240: 16234: 16227: 16223: 16220: 16211: 16204: 16198: 16179: 16172: 16166: 16164: 16147: 16143: 16139: 16133: 16117: 16113: 16109: 16103: 16087: 16083: 16079: 16073: 16064: 16056: 16052: 16048: 16044: 16040: 16036: 16029: 16013: 16009: 16005: 16001: 15997: 15990: 15983: 15977: 15970: 15966: 15963: 15958: 15951: 15947: 15942: 15926: 15922: 15916: 15900: 15896: 15892: 15886: 15884: 15867: 15863: 15862: 15857: 15851: 15835: 15831: 15830: 15825: 15818: 15816: 15799: 15795: 15788: 15772: 15768: 15764: 15758: 15739: 15732: 15726: 15718: 15712: 15696: 15692: 15688: 15681: 15665: 15661: 15657: 15650: 15634: 15630: 15629:Libre Mercado 15626: 15620: 15604: 15600: 15596: 15589: 15573: 15569: 15565: 15559: 15543: 15539: 15533: 15517: 15513: 15512:Expansión.com 15509: 15503: 15487: 15483: 15477: 15458: 15451: 15445: 15429: 15425: 15421: 15414: 15398: 15394: 15389: 15381: 15374: 15371: 15367: 15364: 15359: 15343: 15339: 15338: 15333: 15327: 15311: 15307: 15306:barcelona.cat 15303: 15297: 15281: 15277: 15276: 15275:La Vanguardia 15271: 15265: 15249: 15245: 15239: 15237: 15220: 15216: 15215: 15210: 15204: 15188: 15184: 15180: 15174: 15158: 15154: 15153: 15152:La Vanguardia 15148: 15142: 15126: 15122: 15118: 15112: 15096: 15092: 15086: 15070: 15066: 15062: 15056: 15040: 15036: 15032: 15026: 15010: 15006: 15002: 14996: 14980: 14976: 14970: 14954: 14950: 14946: 14940: 14934: 14930: 14926: 14921: 14905: 14901: 14895: 14887: 14881: 14865: 14861: 14857: 14850: 14834: 14830: 14826: 14820: 14804: 14800: 14793: 14777: 14773: 14769: 14762: 14746: 14742: 14738: 14732: 14730: 14721: 14715: 14699: 14695: 14691: 14684: 14668: 14664: 14658: 14642: 14638: 14632: 14616: 14612: 14608: 14602: 14586: 14582: 14581:The Economist 14578: 14572: 14556: 14552: 14547: 14539: 14523: 14519: 14513: 14497: 14493: 14487: 14471: 14467: 14463: 14457: 14441: 14437: 14433: 14426: 14418: 14412: 14396: 14389: 14383: 14379: 14375: 14370: 14354: 14350: 14344: 14328: 14324: 14320: 14314: 14298: 14294: 14293: 14288: 14281: 14265: 14261: 14260: 14259:La Vanguardia 14255: 14248: 14232: 14228: 14222: 14206: 14202: 14198: 14192: 14176: 14172: 14168: 14162: 14146: 14142: 14136: 14117: 14110: 14104: 14088: 14084: 14078: 14070: 14064: 14048: 14044: 14040: 14033: 14017: 14013: 14007: 14005: 13998: 13994: 13990: 13985: 13983: 13966: 13962: 13956: 13954: 13934: 13927: 13921: 13905: 13901: 13895: 13876: 13869: 13863: 13847: 13843: 13842:The Economist 13839: 13833: 13817: 13813: 13807: 13791: 13787: 13781: 13765: 13761: 13755: 13748: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13730: 13722: 13718: 13711: 13705: 13701: 13697: 13693: 13689: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13673: 13670: 13664: 13648: 13644: 13640: 13634: 13618: 13614: 13608: 13600: 13596: 13589: 13573: 13569: 13563: 13548: 13544: 13537: 13522: 13515: 13508: 13492: 13488: 13482: 13466: 13462: 13458: 13451: 13435: 13431: 13427: 13421: 13405: 13401: 13397: 13391: 13383: 13379: 13378:The Telegraph 13374: 13366: 13350: 13346: 13342: 13336: 13320: 13316: 13312: 13306: 13290: 13286: 13282: 13276: 13260: 13256: 13252: 13245: 13229: 13225: 13219: 13203: 13199: 13193: 13177: 13173: 13172: 13167: 13160: 13144: 13140: 13136: 13130: 13114: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13098: 13091: 13075: 13072:. Bloomberg. 13071: 13064: 13045: 13038: 13032: 13016: 13012: 13011: 13006: 12999: 12983: 12979: 12978: 12973: 12967: 12951: 12947: 12941: 12933: 12927: 12911: 12907: 12900: 12884: 12880: 12876: 12870: 12863: 12859: 12856: 12851: 12844: 12840: 12837: 12832: 12823: 12818: 12814: 12810: 12806: 12802: 12798: 12791: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12768: 12764: 12757: 12741: 12737: 12731: 12727: 12726: 12718: 12711: 12707: 12706:Preston, Paul 12702: 12695: 12691: 12686: 12678: 12674: 12670: 12664: 12656: 12652: 12648: 12641: 12635: 12631: 12627: 12621: 12605: 12601: 12595: 12591: 12590: 12582: 12574: 12572:0-8047-0845-2 12568: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12555: 12547: 12531: 12527: 12525:0-521-39482-1 12521: 12517: 12516: 12508: 12500: 12498:84-9766-044-7 12494: 12490: 12486: 12479: 12473: 12462: 12458: 12451: 12432: 12425: 12418: 12399: 12392: 12385: 12366: 12359: 12352: 12344: 12342:9788418849107 12338: 12334: 12327: 12319: 12317:9788418434983 12313: 12309: 12302: 12294: 12292:84-7826-620-8 12288: 12284: 12277: 12269: 12263: 12259: 12252: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12234: 12228: 12221: 12218:Mercader, J. 12215: 12207: 12205:0-333-33574-0 12201: 12197: 12190: 12184: 12183:9781139439619 12180: 12176: 12172: 12169: 12163: 12147: 12143: 12136: 12128: 12122: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12100: 12096: 12089: 12081: 12079:0-521-39436-8 12075: 12071: 12068:. Cambridge: 12067: 12060: 12044: 12040: 12038:0-521-27890-2 12034: 12030: 12026: 12025: 12020: 12013: 12006: 12002: 11999: 11994: 11978: 11974: 11968: 11952: 11948: 11942: 11938: 11937: 11929: 11919: 11912: 11906: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11870: 11866: 11864: 11856: 11849: 11843: 11836: 11830: 11814: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11795:(3): 347–58, 11794: 11790: 11786: 11779: 11772: 11766: 11759: 11755: 11752: 11746: 11730: 11726: 11720: 11704: 11700: 11694: 11678: 11674: 11670: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11643: 11627: 11623: 11617: 11608: 11600: 11596: 11595: 11587: 11571: 11567: 11566: 11558: 11556: 11549: 11545: 11542:(in Catalan) 11541: 11536: 11520: 11516: 11512: 11506: 11499: 11493: 11477: 11473: 11467: 11460: 11456: 11453: 11448: 11441: 11429: 11425: 11419: 11403: 11399: 11393: 11375: 11371: 11365: 11358: 11357: 11350: 11335: 11331: 11325: 11309: 11305: 11301: 11295: 11276: 11272: 11271:blogs.iec.cat 11265: 11259: 11240: 11233: 11227: 11225: 11223: 11221: 11201: 11197: 11190: 11184: 11168: 11164: 11158: 11142: 11138: 11132: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11102: 11098: 11082: 11075: 11071: 11065: 11056: 11049: 11045: 11039: 11030: 11026: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10978: 10967: 10964: 10953: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10910: 10908: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10887: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10873: 10869: 10864: 10863: 10856: 10854: 10853:Catalan cream 10850: 10845: 10839: 10838: 10831: 10830: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10811: 10810: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10792: 10782: 10781: 10775: 10770: 10756: 10751: 10748: 10745: 10740: 10739: 10733: 10730: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10712: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10696: 10695: 10689: 10688: 10687: 10682: 10678: 10673: 10660: 10656: 10655:Pep Guardiola 10650: 10645: 10642: 10636: 10631: 10628: 10624: 10618: 10613: 10610: 10606: 10602: 10596: 10591: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10583: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10562: 10560: 10555: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10541: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10516: 10515:national team 10512: 10507: 10505: 10501: 10500:roller hockey 10496: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10475: 10470: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10448: 10442: 10432: 10428: 10422: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10393: 10391: 10386: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10377: 10372: 10371: 10366: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10352: 10351: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10330: 10326: 10325:Jaime Rosales 10322: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10279: 10277: 10276: 10271: 10270: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10258: 10253: 10252: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10240: 10235: 10234: 10233:La Vanguardia 10229: 10228: 10222: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10190: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10168: 10164: 10160: 10156: 10148: 10143: 10133: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10119: 10115: 10111: 10110:Sopa de Cabra 10107: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10091: 10087: 10083: 10082:Catalan rumba 10079: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10062: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10031:Carles Baguer 10028: 10024: 10019: 10017: 10013: 10012:Eduard Toldrà 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9988:Isaac Albéniz 9984: 9982: 9981:Felip Pedrell 9978: 9974: 9970: 9969:Joan Cererols 9966: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9944: 9941: 9935: 9934: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9885: 9881: 9876: 9866: 9864: 9860: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9844: 9842: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9826: 9823: 9813: 9809: 9807: 9806:Christmas Eve 9803: 9802:Christmas Day 9799: 9795: 9790: 9789: 9783: 9778: 9776: 9775:Christmas Eve 9772: 9766: 9761: 9760: 9754: 9750: 9748: 9743: 9742: 9735: 9734: 9727: 9726: 9719: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9676: 9671: 9661: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9647: 9643: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9628:Agustí Bartra 9625: 9619: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9598:George Orwell 9595: 9591: 9587: 9586:Agustí Bartra 9583: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9517:Eugenio d'Ors 9514: 9506: 9505:Àngel Guimerà 9502: 9501:Joan Maragall 9498: 9494: 9490: 9489:Víctor Català 9486: 9481: 9480: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9456: 9455: 9449: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9349: 9346: 9343: 9340: 9339: 9337: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9320: 9317: 9314: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9295: 9291: 9284: 9279: 9270: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9240: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9211: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9200:Gothic styles 9197: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9175: 9171: 9168:(MACBA), the 9167: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9124: 9112: 9103: 9094: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9071:Marià Fortuny 9068: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9055:Pablo Picasso 9052: 9051:Antoni Tàpies 9048: 9044: 9043:Salvador Dalí 9035: 9031: 9021: 9012: 9002: 8987: 8984: 8980: 8975: 8972: 8966: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8939: 8937: 8931: 8923: 8922: 8908: 8902: 8898: 8894: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8876: 8872: 8867: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8851: 8849: 8844: 8842: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8804: 8801: 8797: 8792: 8790: 8786: 8766: 8754: 8750: 8741: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8721: 8717: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8708: 8704: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8695: 8691: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8678: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8652: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8639: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8630: 8626: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8536: 8526: 8524: 8516: 8508: 8504: 8497: 8490: 8486: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8445: 8435: 8425: 8415: 8405: 8395: 8394:Protestantism 8385: 8377: 8370: 8356: 8354: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8341: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8331: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8321: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8305: 8304: 8301: 8298: 8295: 8294: 8291: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8281: 8278: 8276:OTHER EUROPE 8275: 8274: 8271: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8261: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8183: 8182: 8167: 8166: 8151: 8150: 8135: 8134: 8119: 8118: 8103: 8102: 8087: 8086: 8071: 8070: 8055: 8054: 8039: 8038: 8023: 8022: 8007: 8006: 7991: 7990: 7975: 7974: 7959: 7958: 7943: 7942: 7927: 7926: 7911: 7910: 7895: 7894: 7879: 7878: 7863: 7862: 7847: 7846: 7831: 7830: 7815: 7814: 7799: 7798: 7783: 7782: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7751: 7726: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7703:Latin America 7700: 7695: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7671: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7641: 7636: 7625: 7620: 7616: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7587: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7572: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7561: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7539: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7506: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7471: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7374:Castelldefels 7372: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7008: 7003: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6975: 6963: 6951: 6947: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6913: 6909: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6870: 6860: 6857: 6845: 6833: 6822: 6817: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6791: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6766: 6760: 6755: 6754: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6740: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6701: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6668: 6664: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6624: 6618: 6606: 6600: 6595: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6571:French border 6567: 6561: 6549: 6543: 6531: 6524: 6519: 6515: 6510: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6482: 6478: 6458: 6454: 6446: 6445: 6439: 6430: 6425: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6326: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6236: 6228: 6226: 6209: 6207: 6198: 6196: 6187: 6183: 6182:Banc Sabadell 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6166:savings banks 6160: 6155: 6151: 6141: 6137: 6136:Costa Daurada 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6075: 6070: 6064: 6063:Castellbisbal 6059: 6055: 6045: 6041: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6026: 6025:Fitch Ratings 6018: 6010: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5983: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5948: 5940: 5935: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5906: 5903: 5896: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5876: 5872: 5865: 5860: 5857: 5850: 5845: 5841: 5834: 5829: 5826: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5799: 5796: 5789: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5715: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5695: 5690: 5687: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5516: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5377: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5353: 5350: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5298: 5288: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5231: 5230:Pere Aragonès 5227: 5223: 5220:(2010–2016), 5219: 5216:(2006–2010), 5215: 5214:José Montilla 5212:(2003–2006), 5211: 5208:(1980–2003), 5207: 5203: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5152: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5134:Pere Aragonès 5131: 5127: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5074: 5068: 5057: 5054:, located in 5053: 5047: 5037: 5027: 5024: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4955: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4927: 4917: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4853:2010 election 4850: 4846: 4841: 4838: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4788: 4785:under regent 4784: 4780: 4774: 4764: 4756: 4750: 4742: 4713: 4700: 4697: 4685: 4684: 4683:La Vanguardia 4678: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4513: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4379: 4378: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4243: 4238: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4204: 4199: 4198: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4173: 4172:Salvador Illa 4169: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4134:Salvador Illa 4132: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4124: 4118: 4113: 4112: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4098:Constitutions 4096: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4066: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3970:Natural Parks 3967: 3963: 3962:National Park 3958: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3913: 3902: 3900: 3899:Mediterranean 3895: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3846:Gulf of Roses 3843: 3839: 3834: 3832: 3831:lake of Ivars 3828: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3789:Mediterranean 3786: 3782: 3775:, Costa Brava 3774: 3770: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3673: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3610: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3568: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3541: 3533: 3530: 3522: 3519: 3511: 3508: 3500: 3490: 3487: 3479: 3476: 3468: 3465: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3414: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3357: 3346: 3338: 3335: 3327: 3319: 3311: 3308: 3300: 3297: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3243:In 2018, the 3241: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2981:republicanism 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2925: 2915: 2906: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2880: 2879:Popular Front 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2857:, led by the 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2733:company towns 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2682:liberal state 2679: 2675: 2674:Ferdinand VII 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2026: 2024: 2016: 2012: 2008: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1973: 1965: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1940:Tarraconensis 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1901:Carthaginians 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885:Gulf of Roses 1882: 1878: 1875:) or Indika ( 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1845:Mediterranean 1842: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1814: 1812: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1784: 1776: 1771: 1765: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1682: 1676: 1666: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1610: 1571: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1534: 1532: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481:Iberian tribe 1478: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1379: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1324:Cathalanenses 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1182:, mostly the 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1166:(1635–1659), 1165: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:constitutions 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1127:known as the 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1054:northern area 1051: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 999: 994: 987: 981: 977: 976: 971: 966: 962: 961: 956: 949: 943: 939: 938: 933: 927: 885: 876: 872: 866: 862: 859: 855: 852: 848: 845: 842: 838: 834: 830: 827: 823: 820: 815: 811: 808: 805: 803: 802:ISO 3166 code 799: 791: 787: 784: 780: 777: 773: 770: 766: 765: 762: 758: 754: 750: 747: 743: 737: 733: 729: 726: 724: 720: 716: 708: 704: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 674: 671: 667: 664: 660: 656: 649: 645: 643: 640: 637: 633: 630: 628: 625: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 600: 596: 592: 586: 582: 578: 572: 569: 567: 563: 560: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 537:6.3% of Spain 536: 532: 529: 526: 522: 518: 514: 509: 505: 501: 499: 495: 491: 489: 485: 481: 477: 471: 468: 465: 461: 457: 453: 452:Salvador Illa 450: 446: 443: 440: 436: 433: 429: 426: 422: 417: 414: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 390: 386: 382: 379: 376: 368: 364: 360: 359:Third Statute 354: 348: 347:First Statute 344: 340: 336: 330: 326: 319: 312: 306: 302: 298: 295: 284: 280: 275: 247:Coordinates: 245: 233: 223: 216: 195: 188: 187: 180: 173: 168: 161: 156: 148: 144: 139: 133: 126: 125: 117: 110: 109: 101: 94: 93: 83: 77: 73: 69: 65: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 20583: 20433:Pla d'Urgell 20348:Baix Penedès 20338:Baix Empordà 20043: 19836: 19832: 19725:Reagrupament 19689:Poble Lliure 19655:Sobiranistes 19633:Estat Català 19570:Anna Gabriel 19451:(8 Sep 2017) 19443:(6 Sep 2017) 19427:(9 Nov 2015) 19389: 18845: 18754: 18649:National Day 18639:Coat of arms 18616:Tió de Nadal 18596: 18532:Architecture 18504:Prostitution 18479:Demographics 18440:Trade unions 18371:Police force 18277:Subdivisions 18175:Commonwealth 18167: 18163:Nueva Planta 18139:Reapers' War 18071: 18015: 17992: 17981:21 September 17979:. 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web 14698:Archived 14647:25 April 14615:Archived 14585:Archived 14555:Archived 14496:Archived 14470:Archived 14440:Archived 14411:cite web 14401:25 April 14378:Archived 14359:25 April 14297:Archived 14231:Archived 14211:25 April 14205:Archived 14201:BBC News 14175:Archived 14151:15 April 14063:cite web 14047:Archived 13993:Archived 13965:Archived 13933:Archived 13846:Archived 13822:25 April 13796:25 April 13770:25 April 13743:Archived 13680:Mammalia 13672:Archived 13653:22 March 13617:Archived 13491:Archived 13465:Archived 13404:Archived 13400:unpo.org 13382:Archived 13319:Archived 13315:The Week 13289:Archived 13285:BBC News 13259:Archived 13228:Archived 13202:Archived 13176:Archived 13143:Archived 13139:BBC News 13119:2 August 13113:Archived 13074:Archived 13044:Archived 13015:Archived 12982:Archived 12926:cite web 12883:Archived 12864:ccma.cat 12858:Archived 12839:Archived 12763:Hispania 12740:Archived 12692:(1999). 12671:(1991). 12604:Archived 12530:Archived 12461:Archived 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The 3600:and the 3560:Pyrenees 3464:Pyrenees 3260:sedition 3048:autarkic 2748:Romantic 2717:textiles 2676:(1833), 2644:(1809), 2577:Philip V 2541:(1659). 2523:republic 2467:Americas 2363:Martin I 2249:Louis IX 2110:(left), 2093:Hispanic 2085:counties 2073:conquest 1974:since 45 1936:province 1930:(modern 1920:Hispania 1889:Empúries 1861:Lacetani 1849:Iberians 1811:Iron Age 1809:BC, the 1745:Margalef 1721:Banyoles 1717:mandible 1655:name is 1643:Cataluña 1641:name is 1554:qattālūn 1531:qattālūn 1518:(‏ 1497:Catalans 1493:Katelans 1477:Lacetani 1367:Gothland 1320:Catalans 1172:republic 1119:and the 1100:and the 1088:and the 1086:Pyrenees 1082:Valencia 1015:Pyrenees 991:) is an 975:Cataluña 825:Currency 603: • 589: • 575: • 566:Demonyms 363:in force 182:Anthem: 124:Cataluña 43:reviewed 20453:Segarra 20438:Priorat 20408:Noguera 20403:Montsià 20398:Moianès 20393:Maresme 20388:Gironès 20198:Melilla 20134:Navarre 20074:Galicia 19815:Maulets 19237:support 19113:2009–11 18683:Outline 18626:Symbols 18592:Sardana 18557:Cuisine 18547:Castell 18542:Caganer 18524:Culture 18463:Society 18435:Tourism 18394:Economy 18310:Terçons 18252:Forests 18247:Climate 18081:History 18005:: 17842:10 June 17757:24 July 17182:12 June 17146:VilaWeb 16817:26 July 16778:26 July 16253:p. 30. 16217:p. 30. 16152:14 July 16122:5 April 16000:El País 15984:(2012). 15872:25 July 15840:25 July 15804:24 July 15691:Ara.cat 15660:Ara.cat 15492:24 June 15424:Ara.cat 15337:El País 15101:20 July 14959:29 June 14910:20 July 14870:29 June 14839:29 June 14809:29 June 14782:29 June 14673:20 July 14611:VilaWeb 14476:29 June 14466:El País 14446:29 June 14436:El País 14053:24 July 13910:20 July 13578:23 July 13552:23 July 13526:23 July 13461:Newtral 12977:El País 12822:7577662 12647:Sàpiens 12536:14 July 11525:22 June 11339:24 June 11209:26 July 11198:. 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7811:59,380 7792:Morocco 7776:Romania 7755:(2018) 7742:country 7730:Foreign 7451:65,385 7435:106,168 7417:67,197 7401:120,443 7383:67,460 7367:129,661 7363:Maresme 7349:67,733 7333:136,496 7315:78,246 7306:Manresa 7299:140,403 7281:78,591 7265:216,590 7247:84,500 7231:223,166 7213:89,936 7197:223,627 7179:92,977 7163:269,382 7120:Gironès 7061:Comarca 7044:Comarca 6988:with a 6968:January 6956:January 6901:Portbou 6823:(e.g., 6775:Tordera 6729:Cervera 6670:Amposta 6652:Lleida- 6481:Palamós 6017:Moody's 5998:Navarre 5966:Tourism 5964:beach. 5928:Economy 5902:Tortosa 5840:Manresa 5747:alcalde 5669:Moianès 5620:Tortosa 5606:Penedès 5580:Manresa 5405:regions 5357:Navarre 4969:Galicia 4959:In the 4902:Catalan 4882:seats. 4870:In the 4566:Terçons 4494:2009–11 4185:Cabinet 4032:Albères 3912:tourist 3823:ice age 3685:to the 3683:endemic 3661:Penedès 3637:Empordà 3278:Climate 3223:Belgium 3060:present 2950:CNT-FAI 2944:of the 2875:fascism 2617:by the 2573:Bourbon 2511:viceroy 2459:Castile 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A 17273:2014 17251:link 17237:2014 17210:2014 17184:2013 17158:2019 17128:2010 17101:2020 17083:ISBN 17062:2014 17036:2016 17006:2014 16980:2010 16929:2012 16897:2017 16871:2017 16845:2017 16819:2022 16801:ISBN 16780:2022 16762:ISBN 16739:2010 16688:2017 16638:2010 16612:2010 16586:2010 16560:2010 16533:2010 16515:ISBN 16494:2020 16476:ISBN 16455:2011 16437:ISBN 16410:ISBN 16391:2014 16342:2010 16316:2010 16290:2021 16189:2021 16154:2023 16124:2019 16094:2019 16020:2021 16004:ISSN 15933:2019 15907:2015 15874:2018 15842:2018 15806:2018 15779:2018 15749:2018 15717:link 15703:2023 15672:2023 15641:2020 15611:2020 15580:2023 15550:2020 15524:2020 15494:2015 15468:2010 15436:2016 15405:2014 15373:CNBC 15350:2010 15318:2022 15288:2021 15256:2015 15227:2015 15195:2015 15165:2020 15133:2020 15103:2010 15077:2023 15047:2023 15017:2023 14987:2024 14961:2023 14912:2010 14886:link 14872:2023 14860:CCMA 14841:2023 14811:2023 14784:2023 14753:2024 14720:link 14706:2024 14694:CCMA 14675:2010 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