525:
559:. Arguing that no one is entitled to direct and control another's thought, he stated that authorities should have "no concern with matters of opinion" and concluded: "We can live together peacefully only when we control our intolerance. Even though there will always be differences of opinion from time to time, we can at any rate come to general understandings, can love one another, and can enter the bonds of peace, pending the day when we shall attain unity of faith."
158:
521:, and even used Calvin's own words, written back when he was himself being persecuted by the Catholic Church: "It is unchristian to use arms against those who have been expelled from the Church, and to deny them rights common to all mankind." Asking who is a heretic, he concluded, "I can find no other criterion than that we are all heretics in the eyes of those who do not share our views."
254:
declare that he has voluntarily resigned his position as rector at the
College, and up till now performed his duties in such a way that we regarded him worthy to become one of our preachers. If, in the end, the affair was not thus arranged, this is not because any fault has been found in Castellio's conduct, but merely for the reasons previously indicated."
238:'s French translation of the Bible, so Castellio was rebuked and turned down. Calvin wrote to a friend regarding the matter: "Just listen to Sebastian's preposterous scheme, which makes me smile, and at the same time angers me. Three days ago he called on me, to ask permission for the publication of his translation of the New Testament."
44:
253:
and asked to be dismissed from being a preacher in
Vandoeuvres. Anticipating future attacks from Calvin, Castellio asked for a signed letter that outlined in detail the reasons for his departure: "That no one may form a false idea of the reasons for the departure of Sebastian Castellio, we all
428:
wrote to Calvin: "To you also the Church owes gratitude at the present moment, and will owe it to the latest posterity. I affirm also that your magistrates did right in punishing, after a regular trial, this blasphemous man." However, many other contemporary scholars, such as
234:; however in 1544 a campaign against him was initiated by Calvin. At the time, Castellio decided to translate the Bible into his native French, and was very excited to ask for an endorsement from his friend Calvin, but Calvin's endorsement was already given to his cousin
279:
wrote "it was deplorable that a man who had done such good service as
Castellio should have fallen upon evil days" and added that "many persons would unquestionably have been glad to help Castellio had they known soon enough that he was in want."
249:, and should be held to the same standards that all other believers were held to. Soon after, Calvin charged Castellio with the offense of "undermining the prestige of the clergy." Castellio was forced to resign from his position of
411:
Castellio's fortunes gradually improved, and in August 1553 he was made a Master of Arts of the
University of Basel and appointed to a prestigious teaching position. However, in October 1553, the physician and theologian
274:
for food from door to door. Living in abject poverty with his eight dependents, Castellio was forced to depend on strangers to stay alive. His plight brought sympathy and admiration from his contemporaries.
227:
struck Geneva, Sebastian
Castellio was one of the only divines in Geneva to visit the sick and console the dying. Though Calvin himself did visit the sick, others among the Genevan ministers did not.
594:
387:
283:
History indicates that many perhaps were afraid to help
Castellio for fear of reprisals from Geneva. Castellio's existence ranged from begging and digging ditches for food to
804:
363:, so Locke's friends convinced him to publish the same ideas under his own name. These writings were remembered by foundational theologians and historians such as
1195:
524:
534:
in which he states: "Hominem occidere, non est doctrinam tueri, sed hominem occidere." ("To kill a man is not to protect a doctrine, it is to kill a man.")
1215:
1190:
445:
were far from enthusiastic, and
Castellio took an especially hard line regarding the whole affair. He became enraged over what he saw as a blatant
241:
Castellio and Calvin's disagreements grew even wider when during a public meeting
Castellio rose to his feet and claimed that clergy should stop
215:. In the spring of 1540, after witnessing the killings of the early Protestant martyrs, he left Lyon and became a missionary for Protestantism.
1255:
831:
Grayling, A. C. (2007) Towards the Light. The story of the struggles for liberty & rights that made the modern west. London: Bloomsbury.
1260:
332:
752:
Sebastian
Castellio, 1515-1563; Humanist and Defender of Religious Toleration in a Confessional Age; Translated and Edited by Bruce Gordon
1275:
1160:
601:
392:
1265:
1200:
1250:
1220:
1270:
1230:
1121:
1039:
909:
1155:
270:. The next few years were desperate times for him. Though one of the most learned men of his time, his life came down to
437:(also known as the remonstrators) were outraged both publicly and privately over the execution of Servetus. The synods of
489:, and was printed by Johannes Oporinus, a known Basel book printer. It is believed that the pamphlet was co-authored by
464:) in which he presented arguments in favor of the execution of Servetus for diverging from orthodox Christian doctrine.
1210:
781:
SĂ©bastien
Castellion, sa vie et son oeuvre (1515-1563) : étude sur les origines du protestantisme libéral français
1225:
1064:
1020:
816:
1145:
992:
1150:
1240:
759:
552:
230:
For his outstanding work, the Geneva City Council recommended Castellio's permanent appointment as preacher in
1050:
Fire and Faith: The Untold Story of Sebastian Castellio's Epic Battle with John Calvin. ISBN 978-0-473-69823-2
417:
1245:
1235:
1205:
505:, he should have been repulsed by reasons and writings." He invoked the testimony of Church Fathers like
647:
624:
540:
530:
211:
by the French Inquisition, and at the age of twenty-four he decided to subscribe to the teachings of the
485:. The book was financed by the wealthy Italian Bernardino Bonifazio, was published under the pseudonym
937:
372:
17:
1185:
1057:
Sebastian Castellio, 1515–1563: Humanist and Defender of Religious Toleration in a Confessional Age
778:
Buisson, Ferdinand (1892). "Les deux traductions de la Bible, en latin (1550) en français (1555)".
57:
351:. His writings were widely circulated in manuscript form for a time, but were later forgotten.
328:
250:
168:(also Sébastien Châteillon, Châtaillon, Castellión, and Castello; 1515 – 29 December 1563) was a
376:
212:
602:
393:
494:
360:
246:
242:
83:
779:
1180:
1175:
615:
567:
Castellio died in Basel in 1563, and was buried in the tomb of a noble family. His enemies
469:
184:
8:
754:. Hants England; Burlington, Vermont, USA: Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 247–270.
872:
548:
506:
425:
356:
312:
192:
180:
145:
845:
547:
Castellio also can be credited with a huge advance in the promotion of the concept of
1117:
1100:
1083:
1060:
1035:
1016:
905:
812:
755:
467:
Three months later, Castellio wrote (as Basil Montfort) a large part of the pamphlet
434:
292:
498:
413:
364:
224:
204:
1137:
1015:. Providence, R.I: Blackstone Editions Unitarian Universalist Historical Society.
996:
633:
518:
456:
As a defense of his actions, in February 1554 Calvin published a treatise titled
400:
304:
235:
380:
300:
61:
424:. Many prominent Protestant leaders of the day approved of the execution, and
1169:
841:
490:
169:
94:
1104:
203:
Castellio later wrote that he was deeply affected and moved when he saw the
1087:
442:
368:
284:
1114:
Sebastian Castellio - Eine Biographie aus den Wirren der Reformationszeit
989:
576:
568:
450:
430:
231:
1013:
Hunted heretic : the life and death of Michael Servetus, 1511-1553
510:
352:
320:
316:
188:
116:
112:
157:
556:
502:
478:
348:
276:
108:
43:
438:
335:, if Christians could not learn to tolerate and reach each other by
315:
in continuing his work of the reconciliation of Christianity in the
572:
344:
324:
263:
176:
172:
104:
846:"Protestant Intolerance. Judgments of the Reformers on Servetus."
477:) with the place of publication being given on the first page as
421:
311:
into French and German. He was also the designated successor to
271:
267:
575:
to his memory, which was later destroyed by accident; only the
514:
446:
347:, and in short become real followers of Christ, rather than of
340:
1146:
Sebastian Castellio and the Struggle for Freedom of Conscience
805:"Le Cantique des cantiques dans la Bible Latine de Castellion"
482:
308:
296:
288:
79:
336:
208:
1080:
Castellio against Calvin or a conscience against violence
1076:
Castellio gegen Calvin oder Ein Gewissen gegen die Gewalt
881:
359:
to even own copies of manuscripts by Castellio or on the
420:– in particular, his repudiation of the doctrine of the
1097:
Erasmus; The Right to Heresy: Castellio against Calvin
673:
671:
569:
unearthed the body, burned it, and scattered the ashes
731:
591:
Geneva 1542, also a much expanded version, Basel 1545
355:
desired their publication, but at that time it was a
971:
959:
918:
784:(in French). Paris: Librairie Hachette. p. 294
719:
707:
695:
683:
668:
458:
Defense of the orthodox faith in the sacred Trinity
811:(in French). Presses Paris Sorbonne. p. 148.
262:The man who once was the Rector in Geneva was now
1034:. New Haven Conn. London: Yale University Press.
1167:
1055:Guggisberg, Hans R. (2003). Bruce Gordon (ed.).
1196:16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
501:, Castellio wrote: "When Servetus fought with
1139:The Right to Heresy: Castellio Against Calvin
955:. Grand Rapids: Acton Institute. p. xi.
462:Defensio orthodoxae fidei de sacra Trinitate
1216:16th-century people from the Savoyard State
877:. Westminster. pp. nearly entire book.
418:executed in Geneva for blasphemy and heresy
245:those who disagree with them on matters of
1054:
953:Advice to a Desolate France (introduction)
807:. In Gomez-GĂ©raud, Marie-Christine (ed.).
749:
349:bitter, partisan, and sectarian ideologies
327:branches, and prophetically predicted the
299:while translating thousands of pages from
42:
1191:French Calvinist and Reformed theologians
1151:Sebastian Castellio's Erasmian Liberalism
1111:
950:
802:
796:
523:
156:
1161:New opera featuring Sebastian Castellio
1010:
870:
777:
596:Biblia interprete Sebastiano Castalione
449:committed by Calvin, and spoke of his "
406:
388:his translation of the Bible into Latin
14:
1168:
1029:
538:Marius Valkhoff describes Castellio's
1094:
1073:
977:
965:
924:
899:
887:
773:
771:
737:
725:
713:
701:
689:
677:
331:, and potentially the destruction of
1256:Translators of the Bible into French
1261:Translators of the Bible into Latin
401:his French translation of the Bible
257:
24:
1276:Latin-language writers from France
840:
768:
475:De haereticis, an sint persequendi
129:De haereticis, an sint persequendi
25:
1287:
1131:
571:. Some of his students erected a
874:The Travail of Religious Liberty
1266:16th-century French translators
1201:16th-century French theologians
1004:
983:
944:
930:
893:
864:
850:History of the Christian Church
834:
825:
629:Basel 1554 (first edition 1612)
295:. He also worked as a private
218:
198:
1251:Separation of church and state
1221:French philosophers of culture
743:
553:separation of church and state
497:. Concerning the execution of
13:
1:
1271:16th-century writers in Latin
1231:French political philosophers
938:"Los Angeles Review of Books"
662:
551:. He passionately argued for
451:hands dripping with the blood
161:Commemorative plaque in Basel
27:French theologian (1515–1563)
1082:]. Vienna: H. Reichner.
7:
902:Did Calvin Murder Servetus?
648:Advice to a desolate France
541:Advice to a desolate France
10:
1292:
904:. BookSurge. p. 344.
1211:Christianity and politics
1116:. ZĂĽrich: Orell Fuessli.
951:Valkhoff, Marius (1967).
900:Rives, Standford (2008).
803:Gueunier, Nicole (2008).
750:Guggisbert, Hans (2003).
544:as a pacifist manifesto.
373:Johann Lorenz von Mosheim
151:
141:
134:
122:
100:
90:
68:
50:
41:
34:
1226:Philosophers of religion
1112:Greminger, Ueli (2015).
1011:Bainton, Roland (2005).
871:Bainton, Roland (1951).
625:Against Calvin's Booklet
582:
562:
555:and against the idea of
531:Against Calvin's Booklet
1156:Castellio versus Calvin
399:was published; in 1555
329:French Wars of Religion
247:Biblical interpretation
179:; and one of the first
1095:Zweig, Stefan (1951).
1074:Zweig, Stefan (1936).
1059:. Aldershot: Ashgate.
1048:Jack, Kristin (2023).
1030:Gordon, Bruce (2011).
995:March 6, 2005, at the
656:De Imitatione Christi.
535:
377:Johann Jakob Wettstein
333:Christianity in Europe
162:
1241:Religion and politics
527:
495:Celio Secondo Curione
160:
58:Saint-Martin-du-FrĂŞne
1246:Christian secularism
1236:Protestant Reformers
890:, pp. 298, 332.
616:Treatise on Heretics
528:Page of Castellio's
503:reasons and writings
470:Treatise on Heretics
407:Conflict with Calvin
361:Servetus controversy
185:religious toleration
1206:Calvinist pacifists
1099:. London: Cassell.
990:Sebastian Castellio
223:In 1543, after the
205:burning of heretics
166:Sebastian Castellio
84:Swiss Confederation
36:Sebastian Castellio
642:De arte dubitandi.
549:limited government
536:
519:freedom of thought
313:Desiderius Erasmus
181:Reformed Christian
163:
146:Freedom of thought
1123:978-3-280-05597-7
1041:978-0-300-17084-9
940:. March 27, 2016.
911:978-1-4392-0868-7
740:, pp. 337ff.
435:Bernardino Ochino
293:Johannes Oporinus
155:
154:
76:(aged 47–48)
16:(Redirected from
1283:
1127:
1108:
1091:
1070:
1045:
1026:
999:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
956:
948:
942:
941:
934:
928:
922:
916:
915:
897:
891:
885:
879:
878:
868:
862:
861:
859:
857:
852:. Vol. VIII
838:
832:
829:
823:
822:
800:
794:
793:
791:
789:
775:
766:
765:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
607:
604:
487:Martinus Bellius
414:Michael Servetus
398:
395:
365:Gottfried Arnold
258:Years of poverty
136:Theological work
125:
75:
72:29 December 1563
46:
32:
31:
21:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1186:People from Ain
1166:
1165:
1141:by Stefan Zweig
1134:
1124:
1067:
1042:
1023:
1007:
1002:
997:Wayback Machine
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
949:
945:
936:
935:
931:
923:
919:
912:
898:
894:
886:
882:
869:
865:
855:
853:
839:
835:
830:
826:
819:
801:
797:
787:
785:
776:
769:
762:
748:
744:
736:
732:
724:
720:
712:
708:
700:
696:
688:
684:
676:
669:
665:
634:Castellio Bible
599:
585:
565:
491:Laelius Socinus
409:
403:was published.
390:
343:rather than by
260:
236:Pierre Olivetan
221:
201:
123:
86:
77:
73:
64:
55:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1289:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1133:
1132:External links
1130:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1109:
1092:
1071:
1065:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1027:
1021:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:
982:
980:, p. 312.
970:
968:, p. 311.
958:
943:
929:
927:, p. 307.
917:
910:
892:
880:
863:
842:Schaff, Philip
833:
824:
817:
795:
767:
760:
742:
730:
728:, p. 252.
718:
716:, p. 250.
706:
704:, p. 242.
694:
692:, p. 234.
682:
680:, p. 239.
666:
664:
661:
660:
659:
653:
644:
639:
630:
621:
612:
592:
589:Dialogi Sacri.
584:
581:
579:is preserved.
564:
561:
453:of Servetus."
408:
405:
381:Roger Williams
259:
256:
220:
217:
200:
197:
183:proponents of
153:
152:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
78:
70:
66:
65:
62:Duchy of Savoy
56:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1288:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1066:0-7546-3019-6
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1022:0-9725017-3-8
1018:
1014:
1009:
1008:
998:
994:
991:
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
954:
947:
939:
933:
926:
921:
913:
907:
903:
896:
889:
884:
876:
875:
867:
851:
847:
843:
837:
828:
820:
818:9782840505372
814:
810:
806:
799:
783:
782:
774:
772:
763:
757:
753:
746:
739:
734:
727:
722:
715:
710:
703:
698:
691:
686:
679:
674:
672:
667:
657:
654:
651:
649:
645:
643:
640:
637:
635:
631:
628:
626:
622:
619:
617:
613:
610:
605:
598:
597:
593:
590:
587:
586:
580:
578:
574:
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
542:
533:
532:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:
465:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
404:
402:
396:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:capital crime
354:
350:
346:
345:force of arms
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
291:printshop of
290:
286:
285:proof-reading
281:
278:
273:
269:
265:
255:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
228:
226:
216:
214:
210:
206:
196:
194:
190:
187:, freedom of
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
159:
150:
147:
144:
142:Notable ideas
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
101:Occupation(s)
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
71:
67:
63:
59:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1138:
1113:
1096:
1079:
1075:
1056:
1049:
1031:
1012:
1005:Bibliography
985:
973:
961:
952:
946:
932:
920:
901:
895:
883:
873:
866:
854:. Retrieved
849:
836:
827:
808:
798:
786:. Retrieved
780:
751:
745:
733:
721:
709:
697:
685:
655:
646:
641:
632:
623:
614:
608:
595:
588:
566:
546:
539:
537:
529:
486:
481:rather than
474:
468:
466:
461:
457:
455:
443:Schaffhausen
410:
385:
369:Pierre Bayle
282:
266:and in deep
261:
240:
229:
222:
219:Early career
202:
199:Introduction
165:
164:
135:
128:
124:Notable work
74:(1563-12-29)
29:
1181:1563 deaths
1176:1515 births
600: [
577:inscription
517:to support
431:David Joris
426:Melanchthon
391: [
243:persecuting
232:Vandoeuvres
213:Reformation
91:Nationality
1170:Categories
978:Zweig 1951
966:Zweig 1951
925:Zweig 1951
888:Zweig 1951
761:0754630196
738:Zweig 1951
726:Zweig 1951
714:Zweig 1951
702:Zweig 1951
690:Zweig 1951
678:Zweig 1951
663:References
638:Basel 1555
620:Basel 1554
611:Basel 1551
511:Chrysostom
353:John Locke
321:Anabaptist
317:Protestant
189:conscience
177:theologian
117:translator
113:theologian
557:theocracy
507:Augustine
479:Magdeburg
386:In 1551,
277:Montaigne
109:professor
18:Castellio
1105:24340377
993:Archived
603:Wikidata
573:monument
499:Servetus
394:Wikidata
325:Catholic
287:for the
264:homeless
173:preacher
105:Preacher
1088:1903690
856:May 28,
788:May 25,
422:Trinity
272:begging
268:poverty
193:thought
1120:
1103:
1086:
1063:
1038:
1032:Calvin
1019:
908:
815:
809:Biblia
758:
515:Jerome
447:murder
439:ZĂĽrich
379:, and
341:reason
323:, and
305:Hebrew
251:Rector
225:plague
170:French
95:French
1078:[
606:]
583:Works
563:Death
483:Basel
397:]
309:Latin
301:Greek
297:tutor
289:Basel
80:Basel
1118:ISBN
1101:OCLC
1084:OCLC
1061:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1017:ISBN
906:ISBN
858:2008
813:ISBN
790:2020
756:ISBN
658:1563
652:1562
513:and
493:and
441:and
433:and
416:was
339:and
337:love
307:and
209:Lyon
191:and
175:and
69:Died
54:1515
51:Born
207:in
1172::
848:.
844:.
770:^
670:^
509:,
383:.
375:,
371:,
367:,
319:,
303:,
195:.
115:,
111:,
107:,
82:,
60:,
1126:.
1107:.
1090:.
1069:.
1044:.
1025:.
914:.
860:.
821:.
792:.
764:.
650:.
636:.
627:.
618:.
609:.
473:(
460:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
