17:
1078:
709:
1054:
700:
1066:
1090:
236:, most of these terms have fallen into disuse, with the exception of "contadini" (which has become the general term to refer to farmers) and "bifolchi" (which is only preserved in a derived, insulting meaning, similar to that of the English word "boor"). Of course, larger cascine also had carpenters, masons, blacksmiths, and other workers whose jobs were not directly related to agriculture or farming.
220:. As most cascine were isolated, semi-autonomous settlements, with sometimes as much as one hundred inhabitants, many of them included public buildings such as churches, inns, or even schools. For the same reason, cascine were sometimes fortified structures, with defensive walls, towers, moats and drawbridges.
308:, getting adapted for many different purposes such as residential buildings, educational buildings (e.g. libraries, schools...), hotels, restaurants, government buildings, commercial areas, etc.; all major airports in the Milanese area, for instance, were built on land that was previously occupied by cascine.
191:
is a square-yarded farm (sometimes having multiple yards) located at the centre of a large piece of cultivated land. Different types of brick-wall buildings are lined on the perimeter of the courtyard, which typically includes houses (usually a main house for the farm owner's or tenant's family, and
231:
structures; "bergamini" looked after the cattle; "casari" worked in the dairy; "bifolchi" were responsible for ox-driven tillage (and "cavallanti" for horse-driven tillage); and "contadini" were factotum peasants, although their main task was that of harvesting hay for cattle feeding. In modern
223:
Cascine are found in most part of the Po Valley. Those from the High Po Valley (also known as the Dry Po Valley) are usually smaller and housed as much as 4-6 families, while those from the Low Po Valley easily reached 10-15 families of inhabitants or more (up to a maximum of 20-25).
299:
As a consequence of their abandon, many of these rural facilities have been demolished or still lie vacant and in decay today, as is the case with several cascine in the outlying areas of some
Northern Italian cities. In other cases, cascine have been absorbed by the
311:
Nonetheless, old-fashioned functioning cascine can still be found in what remains of the
Lombard and Po Valley countryside. For example, it has been reported that at least 43 cascine were still producing milk in the
292:
From an economic point of view, cascine have gone through a gradual but relentless decline throughout the 20th century, basically losing the function they formerly fulfilled in the
97:, these buildings are reported in the Po Valley at least since the 16th century, even though they became common in the 18th and 19th centuries. In particular, during the
520:
227:
Peasants working in the cascine, especially in large ones, had specialized jobs. For example, so-called "campari" were responsible for the maintenance of
1135:
647:
344:), as these place names refer to settlements which originated from a cascina: examples include Cascina Gobba and Cassina Triulza (neighbourhoods of
356:. Sometimes the noun cascina is just omitted and the toponym preserves the mere cascina's name, as is the case with several neighbourhoods from
1130:
1125:
1026:
284:) often specialized in cultivating fresh, perishable vegetables (e.g. cabbage or carrot), that were very profitable in urban markets.
1110:
640:
994:
517:
633:
1120:
480:
1115:
594:
921:
1044:
401:
167:) date back to the 13th century. As early as the middle of the thirteenth century, in some areas of
374:
1140:
409:
353:
538:
179:, centralized farms had arisen, equipped with boxes, stables, houses, mills and tower defenses.
848:
796:
781:
349:
272:
791:
689:
667:(If the same type of house is known by alternative names, it may be linked more than once.)
145:
66:
54:
8:
1070:
776:
421:
379:
1058:
874:
736:
838:
817:
786:
751:
741:
413:
313:
952:
947:
388:(1976). The latter is set in a cascina named "Corte delle Piacentine", located near
833:
771:
561:
466:
305:
271:. Cascine located close enough to larger urban areas and cities (e.g. those in the
233:
141:
41:
16:
524:
425:
213:
1082:
1031:
1010:
916:
766:
714:
98:
83:
1104:
843:
505:
268:
256:
160:
1094:
911:
864:
625:
487:(in Italian). Candaba (Pampanga, Philippines): Olivetti Media Communication
369:
301:
134:
699:
801:
608:
Map of milk-dispensing machines owned by cascine in the
Province of Milan
384:
118:
469:
this phrase can be roughly translated as "courtyard-provided farmstead".
368:
Two popular movies that accurately depict daily life in a "cascina" are
101:, a number of religious buildings were confiscated and transformed into
879:
869:
756:
746:
228:
684:
679:
657:
442:
333:
293:
144:, but a common interpretation considers this word as a derivative of
71:
937:
584:; in all of these cases the underlying idea is that of a container.
417:
329:
325:
201:
168:
79:
75:
962:
942:
761:
607:
577:
260:
895:
731:
437:
276:
252:
239:
Production in the cascine of the Po Valley mainly consisted in
209:
193:
1065:
957:
447:
405:
389:
357:
345:
281:
244:
240:
217:
176:
172:
29:
21:
248:
205:
197:
420:'s country residence, and that it was used as a seat of a
264:
70:), refers to a type of rural building traditional of the
1042:
704:
360:such as Aurora, Falchera, Lingotto, Parella, etc.
287:
1102:
363:
572:("case", "crate"), both originating from Latin
192:simpler buildings for the peasants' families),
163:. The first records of farmhouses (then called
641:
655:
618:A dialect variant typical of Northern Italy.
259:was also common; cultivated trees included
159:, a clear reference to cascine intended as
1136:Buildings and structures in Emilia-Romagna
648:
634:
506:Map with the location of cascine in Italy
15:
560:Similar etymologies are found in other
133:. The noun seems to be a derivative of
1103:
416:. Scholars believe that it used to be
65:
629:
40:
20:Planimetrics of Cascina Boscajola in
1131:Buildings and structures in Lombardy
1126:Buildings and structures in Piedmont
478:
995:Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland
319:
140:, meaning "corral", "stockyard" in
13:
551:As medieval documents demonstrate.
408:) is a heritage site protected by
395:
14:
1152:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1052:
707:
698:
1111:Agricultural buildings in Italy
612:
288:Decline and land use conversion
601:
587:
554:
545:
531:
510:
499:
472:
459:
182:
1:
364:References in popular culture
485:Grande Dizionario Piemontese
453:
108:
7:
431:
171:, as in the countryside of
117:is attested ever since the
42:[kaʃˈʃiːnaakˈkorte]
10:
1157:
696:
121:, when it was often spelt
1019:
1003:
987:
971:
930:
922:Mas (Provençal farmhouse)
904:
888:
857:
826:
810:
724:
672:
665:
479:Olivetti, Enrico (ed.).
375:The Tree of Wooden Clogs
304:and have gone through a
49:), more simply known as
518:Assago e le sue cascine
354:Cassinetta di Lugagnano
332:and other areas of the
58:
25:
1121:Architecture in Italy
849:Old Frisian longhouse
797:Uthland-Frisian house
782:Old Frisian farmhouse
400:Cascina Linterno, in
280:outside the walls of
78:and of some areas of
19:
1116:Agriculture in Italy
792:Upper Lusatian house
690:Neolithic long house
539:Le cascine di Milano
777:Middle German house
380:Bernardo Bertolucci
340:(sometimes spelled
324:A number of modern
306:land use conversion
255:, milk and cheese.
67:[/kaˈsiŋa/]
875:Dartmoor longhouse
747:East Frisian house
737:Black Forest house
523:2011-07-19 at the
418:Francesco Petrarca
350:Cassina de' Pecchi
336:includes the word
26:
1040:
1039:
839:Frisian farmhouse
752:Geestharden house
414:national monument
314:Province of Milan
1148:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1048:
834:Bildts farmhouse
772:Low German house
717:
712:
711:
710:
702:
650:
643:
636:
627:
626:
619:
616:
610:
605:
599:
591:
585:
568:("capsule") and
558:
552:
549:
543:
535:
529:
514:
508:
503:
497:
496:
494:
492:
476:
470:
463:
320:Toponymic legacy
234:Italian language
151:(Modern Italian
91:cascine lombarde
74:, especially of
69:
64:
44:
39:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1147:
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1077:
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1053:
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1043:
1041:
1036:
1015:
999:
983:
979:Cascina a corte
967:
926:
900:
884:
853:
822:
806:
787:Schleswig house
720:
713:
708:
706:
703:
694:
668:
661:
654:
622:
617:
613:
606:
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595:Linate Malpensa
592:
588:
564:words, such as
559:
555:
550:
546:
536:
532:
525:Wayback Machine
515:
511:
504:
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477:
473:
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398:
396:Notable cascine
366:
322:
290:
185:
111:
62:
47:cascine a corte
37:
34:cascina a corte
12:
11:
5:
1154:
1144:
1143:
1141:Country houses
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1098:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1011:Gozo Farmhouse
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
991:
989:
985:
984:
982:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
953:Casa montañesa
950:
948:Cabaña pasiega
945:
940:
934:
932:
928:
927:
925:
924:
919:
917:Lorraine house
914:
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901:
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841:
836:
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828:
824:
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820:
818:Cimbrian house
814:
812:
808:
807:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
767:Lorraine house
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
742:Cimbrian house
739:
734:
728:
726:
722:
721:
719:
718:
715:Housing portal
697:
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397:
394:
365:
362:
321:
318:
289:
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184:
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110:
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99:Napoleonic era
89:Also known as
84:Emilia-Romagna
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1142:
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873:
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868:
866:
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847:
845:
844:Frisian house
842:
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837:
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831:
829:
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819:
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664:
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579:
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541:
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486:
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458:
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309:
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297:
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285:
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279:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Arboriculture
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
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221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
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162:
158:
155:), literally
154:
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136:
132:
128:
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120:
116:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
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85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
35:
31:
23:
18:
1071:Architecture
978:
912:Bresse house
865:Bastle house
673:Old European
623:
614:
603:
598:(in Italian)
593:
589:
581:
573:
569:
565:
556:
547:
542:(in Italian)
537:
533:
528:(in Italian)
516:
512:
501:
489:. Retrieved
484:
474:
461:
399:
383:
373:
370:Ermanno Olmi
367:
341:
337:
323:
310:
302:urban sprawl
298:
291:
275:
238:
226:
222:
188:
186:
164:
156:
152:
148:
137:
135:Vulgar Latin
130:
126:
122:
114:
112:
102:
94:
90:
88:
50:
46:
33:
27:
1059:Agriculture
802:Waldlerhaus
428:community.
422:Hospitaller
378:(1978) and
273:Corpi Santi
183:Description
161:dairy farms
146:Old Italian
119:Middle Ages
55:Piedmontese
1105:Categories
1027:Carpathian
1020:Carpathian
880:Hall house
870:Blackhouse
757:Gulf house
261:cottonwood
229:irrigation
187:A typical
63:pronounced
45:; plural:
685:Longhouse
680:Housebarn
658:farmhouse
656:European
481:"Cassina"
454:Footnotes
443:Farmhouse
334:Po Valley
316:in 2008.
294:Po Valley
202:fountains
113:The term
109:Etymology
72:Po Valley
1032:Zakopane
938:Alqueria
521:Archived
491:28 April
432:See also
330:Lombardy
326:toponyms
269:mulberry
169:Lombardy
93:or just
80:Piedmont
76:Lombardy
59:cassin-a
38:Italian:
1083:Housing
1045:Portals
988:Swedish
972:Italian
963:Palloza
943:Baserri
931:Spanish
858:British
762:Haubarg
578:cognate
566:capsula
562:Italian
467:English
426:Templar
342:cassina
338:cascina
218:dairies
194:stables
189:cascina
165:cassine
142:English
131:cassina
123:capsina
115:cascina
103:cascine
95:cascine
51:cascina
905:French
896:Chalet
811:Danish
732:Ansitz
725:German
582:capsia
438:Chalet
412:and a
402:Baggio
277:comune
267:, and
253:barley
210:stores
157:cheese
149:cascio
138:capsia
127:caxina
1095:Italy
1004:Malta
958:Masia
889:Swiss
827:Dutch
660:types
574:capsa
570:cassa
448:Masia
406:Milan
390:Parma
358:Turin
346:Milan
328:from
282:Milan
245:maize
241:wheat
214:mills
206:ovens
198:barns
177:Milan
173:Pavia
153:cacio
30:Italy
22:Milan
576:, a
493:2023
385:1900
352:and
249:rice
216:and
175:and
82:and
580:of
465:In
424:or
410:FAI
382:'s
372:'s
348:),
265:elm
129:or
28:In
1107::
483:.
392:.
296:.
263:,
251:,
247:,
243:,
212:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
196:,
125:,
105:.
86:.
61:,
57::
32:,
1047::
649:e
642:t
635:v
495:.
404:(
53:(
36:(
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
