662:" in Bordeaux. He was subjected to severe tortures and interrogation and forced to witness the strangulation deaths of other fellow Resistance prisoners. Romero would escape death as a result of a ruse arranged by the Resistance and the Mayor of Bordeaux. The Mayor issued an official request for Romero to be transferred from the German to the French section of the prison, stating that he had to be processed by a French court, for a (non-existent) civil crime. Once in the French section of prison, the organization rescued Romero. It took nearly a month to physically recover from his torture injuries (in a hospital located very close to the prison, while using the identity of a dead man). Romero, his wife and daughter were then helped by the Resistance to cross the demarcation line into the 'free'
740:
119:
50:
133:
148:
796:, Romero was responsible in France for coordinating support for exiled Masons and Republicans, altogether with the Relief Committee (Comité de Socorros). Spain brutally repressed Masonry, including -as in Romero's case- sentencing members to death by use of medieval torture instruments. Lodge files were used by TREMEC Court (Spanish Tribunal for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism) as 'criminal' evidence, so the fraternity's records that could have been saved from confiscation were hidden or destroyed to save lives.
586:", an anti-tank system first used during the Siege of Madrid. It consisted of a large cast iron metal box designed to fragment and produce shrapnel, after the explosion of 15, 35 or 60 kg. of dynamite. The devices were hidden in the floor to burst enemy tanks from below. They detonated by means of copper wires and glass tanks, either manually or automatically. This is a technical innovation which was subsequently applied during
653:
and other cities. As a result, many bombs failed to explode once hitting their targets. Also, he led the disablement of materials intended for the construction of a submarine base and the piercing of undetectable holes at the bottom of large cans of food ready to be sent for the German troops at the
574:
As
Commander of the 4th Mixed Brigade, and with General Miaja's effective support, he founded and directed a war material factory called "Romero Mechanical Factories", which was dedicated to the production of mortars and ammunition, mines and hand grenades, bombs with aerodynamic design, thermoses,
397:
As
General Secretary of the National Committee for the Monument to the Martyrs of Jaca, on 20 August 1934, he dismissed Luis Romero Basart (known among the Spanish refugees as "the Evil Romero") from his post as Treasurer of the committee. Later, Romero Basart was dismissed for abandoning his post
468:
Colonel Romero Giménez obtained a patent in 1935 for an elevated railway system that was to be driven by propellers. It was to consist of ultra-light aerodynamic cars suspended from a rolling mechanism, and travel at 300 km/h. A control and signaling system was to allow frequencies of three
524:
Because of disagreements with anarchists, Colonel Romero Giménez requested the dismissal of
Ricardo Sanz, a Catalan anarcho-syndicalist, whom he accused of mistreating the soldiers and of bringing prostitutes to the trenches. He suggested to Miaja to Sanz's column (the former
759:
hospital in Mexico City. In fulfillment of his will his body was cremated and the ashes divided into two equal parts to be spread to air, water and land, one half in Mexico and the other in Spain. The
Spanish scattering took place during a public ceremony at the
548:, although the performance of his unit was poor in the district of Usera. As commander of the Second Army Corps, he said, regarding forced recruitments that morale in his troops remained good amongst experienced militants but poor amongst recruits, due to their "
1324:
The
Spanish government decreed, on 13 September 1936, that "all properties and documents belonging to the political parties and organizations mentioned, as well as any others that opposed the movimiento nacional, were to become the property of the State. See:
543:
Romero Giménez headed of the 6th
Division of the Republican Armed Forces From 1 May 1937, when Alzugaray left its command vacant. On July 1, he was placed in command of the Second Army Corps, which defended the outskirts of Madrid. He participated in the
674:, Consul of Mexico, distinguished for his outstanding work in helping Spanish refugees, Jews and other people being persecuted, providing them shelter in that country. Mexico was wide open to receive refugees, especially under the presidency of
670:, where along with Spanish refugees (including his friend, Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Buzón Llanes) Jews were concentrated awaiting to be deported for extermination. He, his wife and daughter were saved due to the humanitarian proceedings of
575:
tripods, shields for trenches, spare parts for rifles, machine guns and antitank and antiaircraft guns as well as engine repairs. Work began with the machinery that could be rescued from the Madrid workshop "Mobile Park". During the
493:. He was promoted to commander on 19 July 1936, two days after the beginning of the conflict. During war, as the former Republican Army reorganized after Arellano's death, he was assigned to head the 4th Mixed Brigade.
563:, Romero Giménez was appointed commander of the newly created XIII Corps of the Army. (Added to the Levant Army, it was previously known as the "B" Army Corps) He fought on several fronts against German forces of the
520:
to
Lieutenant Colonel, and was officially congratulated on the November 18 Agenda. The Government of the Republic later officially confirmed General Miaja's orders, and officially granted him such rank in April 1938.
1102:
Mirta Núñez Díaz-Balart (1992). La prensa de guerra en la zona republicana durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936–1939), Madrid, Ediciones de la Torre, pag. 385 (War press in
Republican Zone during the Spanish Civil
1433:
418:
307:
505:
1297:
Bosques has been called the "Mexican
Schindler". His heroism remained unknown to the world at large for some sixty years. Since 2003, international recognition has been accruing to him.
1212:'Parque Móvil' works were established on November 23. in platforms of the North Station by Alfonso Reyes Moreno. Operating under enemy shrapnel, there were a large number of casualties.
1167:
Carlos Engel, (1999), Historia de las brigadas mixtas del Ejército
Popular de la República (History of the Mixt Brigades of the Spanish Popular Army), Almena Ediciones, p. 263
1082:
1236:
by the TERMEC Court (Spanish Tribunal for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism) with summary 1278/1945 and a final decision taken in 1946 for a second death sentence.
1230:
According with his file, process initiates during 1940, within the General Cause 1st. Military Region, ending with a dead sentence. Later, Colonel Romero is processed, also
728:. With his children Carmen and Carlos Romero Ortega created a publishing company named 'Sociedad Mexicana de Publicaciones' (Carlos Jr., fighting at a young age for the
834:
426:
1254:
Bravo et al., "Nuevas Raíces, Testimonios de Mujeres Españolas en el Exilio", Ateneo Español de México, Editorial Joaquín Mortiz, Grupo Editorial Planeta, 1993.
1221:
El País (Newspaper)- Paseo por el campo en busca de bombas de la Guerra Civil (Walk in the fields looking for bombs from the Civil War) - Madrid - 19 March 2007
732:
was separated by the war from his parents. He obtained political asylum in the Dominican Republic and later in Mexico). Colonel Romero established and directed
1350:(National Delegation of Documentary Services). This Delegation was directly under the Government Presidency. Such files were used by the dictatorship's
1453:
1443:
1016:
994:
712:
659:
414:
for spying and reporting activities of Spanish political refugees in France", and that Romero Basart eventually turned him over to the Gestapo.
318:
He was born in Madrid, at 5 Carrera de San Francisco Street. His father was Colonel Manuel Romero Salas, who was from an Andalusian family from
1006:
Revista mensual. Estado Mayor del Ministerio de Defensa (Office of the Chief of the Defence Staff). Taller tipográfico de la 4a. Brigada Mixta.
583:
1134:
as well as a member of the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Science- suggests that his opinion of Romero Giménez's role is of relevance.
1083:
http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/datos1/numeros/internet/Madrid/Libertad,%20La%20%28Madrid.%201919%29/1938/193804/19380419/19380419_00000.pdf
1061:
1264:
516:. He effectively repelled attempted crossings and denied access to Madrid's city center. For his heroic performance he was promoted by
1326:
1203:"Bajo las Garras de la Gestapo" ('Under Gestapo's Claws'), Carlos Romero Giménez, Sociedad Mexicana de Publicaciones, México, 1943.
1418:
739:
490:
342:
486:
1329:. Once the Civil War finished, all -or almost all- files were taken by Franco's military personnel to concentrate them at the
1060:
Later evolved to "Liga Española para la Defensa de los Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano". Madrid, 23 November 1913. See:
654:
Russian front in order for the food to be rotten by the time the cans reached their destination. Romero was arrested by the
341:. He spent two years in military prisons under a request for death penalty. He was released thanks to an amnesty granted by
666:. They were all detained the next morning and imprisoned again by the collaborating gendarmerie. Romero was taken to the
751:
in 1975, despite having fulfilled all the formalities, Romero was never granted the state pension as a Spanish military
1448:
362:
337:, he was detained as a result of his participation in the uprising of Madrid in favor of the Republic and against the
939:
919:
872:
854:
846:
828:
814:
327:
258:
1194:
Carlos Engel, (1999), Historia de las brigadas mixtas del Ejército Popular de la República, Almena Ediciones, p. 272
1185:
S.H.M., A.G.L.-L6. Informe de Carlos Romero, jefe del del segundo cuerpo del ejército que consta de veintiún folios.
1015:
Portal de Archivos Españoles. Centro Documental de la Memoria Histórica, Ministerio de Cultura, Gobierno de España.
761:
509:
322:, Cádiz. His mother was María Giménez Nuñez. He joined the Spanish army on 2 December 1908. He participated in the
104:
369:
between 1931 and 1932. As attaché, and subsequently back in Spain, he helped Portuguese people persecuted by the
338:
1176:
Informe C. R. G. que consta de 21 folios (Report G. R. G., consisting of 21 pages) (S. H. M., A. G. L. 670, C.6)
1017:
http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas/servlets/Control_servlet?accion=3&txt_id_desc_ud=4055864&fromagenda=N
995:
http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas/servlets/Control_servlet?accion=3&txt_id_desc_ud=2210771&fromagenda=N
990:
1438:
931:
533:
282:, sometimes misspelled Jiménez, (7 November 1890 – 11 September 1978) was a Spanish soldier loyal to the
1130:
The fact that Salas Larrazábal fought on the Nationalist side -eventually becoming an Air Force Colonel under
376:
776:
in 1932 -being 42 years old- Romero entered Mare Nostrum, Lodge 11, of Madrid, Gran Oriente Español (GOE),
567:
fighting alongside the rebels. For his performance fighting motorized divisions of the "Blackshirts" Italian
49:
1423:
716:
carrying to Mexico large contingents of refugees. In this country Romero re-founded the technical magazine
399:
671:
638:, a city also soon to be occupied by the Nazis., There, Romero played a leading role for two years in the
1428:
529:) be disbanded, and that its personnel be distributed amongst the remaining units fighting in the front.
1062:
http://www.institutodemer.es/articulos/tercera/LIGA&_32_DERECHOS&_32_HOMBRE&_32_ESPA%D1A.pdf
550:
complete ignorance of the reasons why we fight and a lack of citizen preparedness and desire for freedom
1389:
1029:
1121:
Historia del Ejército Popular de la Republica, op.cit. Editora Nacional, p. 1524, verbatim p. 1579.
1144:
755:. On 11 September 1978, Romero peacefully passed away surrounded by his family at age 87 in the
675:
667:
568:
482:
350:
283:
168:
138:
371:
346:
1268:
645:, coordinating actions such as disabling the detonators of bombs waiting to be dropped during
501:
639:
303:
246:
1413:
1408:
1093:
Historia del Ejército Popular de la Republica, op.cit. Editora Nacional, pp. 607, 748, 769.
725:
706:
on 22 May 1942, after nearly a month's cruise aboard the second of three voyages made from
454:
901:
Death Certificate, Mexico City Civil Register (D. F.), Seventh Court, page 395, book 5/7a.
8:
234:
123:
76:
1112:
Historia del Ejército Popular de la Republica, op.cit. Editora Nacional, p. 784, note 5.
993:, Centro Documental de la Memoria Histórica, Ministerio de Cultura, Gobierno de España.
410:) Romero Giménez claims that Romero Basart "had offered himself and was admitted to the
556:
513:
1231:
1037:
997:(Documentary Center for the Historic Memory, Ministry of Culture, Spanish Government)
935:
915:
868:
850:
842:
824:
810:
642:
624:
594:
545:
478:
422:
353:
was proclaimed, Romero returned to Madrid to work on policy with the new government.
295:
291:
229:
224:
214:
152:
1346:
In Francoist Spain, political background files of Republicans were concocted by the
458:
934:, Historia del Ejército Popular de la República. Editora Nacional, Madrid (España)
748:
616:
579:, between 800 and 1,200 people worked around the clock, under constant enemy fire.
809:(Spanish Republican Army during the Civil War), Siglo XXI de España, Madrid, 1989
1131:
729:
576:
497:
446:
438:
287:
219:
979:
462:
442:
1351:
582:
Romero Giménez is credited with the invention of the mine that bears his name "
526:
319:
960:
Archivo General Militar de Segovia (General Military Registry, Segovia, Spain)
724:) with the participation of Spanish military refugees in cooperation with the
1402:
1333:(Supreme Council of Military Justice), located in 4 Fortuny Street (formerly
1041:
841:(History of the Spanish Republic Popular Army). La Esfera de los Libros S.L.
564:
496:
He was one of the commanders of the columns that defended Madrid (during the
334:
912:
El Ejército Republicano en la Guerra Civil (Republican Army in the Civil War
517:
1072:
Oficina de Patentes Históricas (Office of Historical Patents) 20 July 1935.
867:(History of the Sapanish Civil War). Círculo de Lectores, Barcelona, 1976.
663:
628:
587:
512:, which was of crucial importance because of its strategic location on the
270:
240:
164:
20:
690:
to wait for a ship to take Romero, wife and daughter across the Atlantic.
634:
was not able: this ship was attacked and sunk off the port. He settled in
773:
604:
147:
92:
1434:
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
349:, Canary Islands, where he remained until 14 April 1931. As soon as the
1379:, Regitro Civil de México D. F., Juzgado séptimo, foja 395, libro 5/7a.
707:
687:
615:
After the Civil War, Colonel Romero was exiled in France, initially in
559:
requested that Miaja name commanders with energy and capacity for the
679:
646:
821:
Historia de las Brigadas Mixtas del Ejército Popular de la República
593:
In the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, Romero Giménez was tried
703:
635:
560:
366:
299:
1364:
Tribunal Especial para la Represión de la Masonería y el Comunismo
752:
655:
600:
411:
386:, as well as the illustrated military technology magazine called
323:
210:
186:
24:
450:
434:
699:
650:
430:
72:
1245:
Files: AGGCE 289-B-34; 227-A-1, TERMEC nº 17.205; AGM, R-2825
620:
429:
he assumed the Presidency. Amongst the League's members were
118:
16:
Spanish soldier, resistance fighter and human rights advocate
417:
For several years, Romero Giménez was vice-president of the
1366:(Special Court For The Repression of Masonry and Comunism).
780:. He subsequently moved into the Grand Spanish Lodge (GLE,
683:
678:. Overcoming many difficulties they were able to travel to
823:. (History of Mixed Brigades in the Spanish Popular Army)
421:, an organization founded in 1922 under the presidency of
1030:"Legalizada la Liga Española de los Derechos del Hombre"
623:. He left Paris on 12 June 1940, just hours before the
743:
Immigration document as a political refugee in México
686:. Thence the Trans-Saharan train would take them to
345:, and was later assigned to a Regiment stationed in
702:. He, his wife and daughter arrived to the port of
603:for fighting against the uprising, and for being a
504:. Starting in November 1936, following orders from
407:
610:
1400:
969:By Order of 28 July 1934; Diario Oficial n° 167.
736:, a company that pioneered industrialized wood.
658:and imprisoned in the fearsome medieval prison "
365:, and served as Commercial Attaché for Spain in
286:, and one of the most prominent figures in the
31: and the second or maternal family name is
1081:Diario "La Libertad" , Madrid, 19 April 1938,
571:he was awarded his second "Medal of Courage".
326:, and received numerous awards, including the
1348:Delegación Nacional de Servicios Documentales
1265:"Asturias Republicana - DICTADURA FRANQUISTA"
839:Historia del Ejército Popular de la República
477:At the onset of the uprising that led to the
1027:
951:Juzgado Municipal del Distrito de la Latina
481:, Romero Giménez voluntarily re-joined the
392:National Defense, Spanish Technical Journal
807:El Ejército Republicano en la Guerra Civil
489:- with the rank of captain - to fight the
48:
1454:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico
1444:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France
1356:Tribunales de Responsabilidades Políticas
734:Maderas Industrializadas y Reconstituidas
627:with the intention of embarking the ship
390:, Revista Española de Técnica Militar, (
1360:Tribunales de Depuración de Funcionarios
1327:General Archive of the Spanish Civil War
738:
508:, Romero commanded a battalion from the
103:ashes spread half in Mexico and half in
382:He was the founder and Director of the
361:Romero retired from the Army under the
1401:
538:greatest hero of the defense of Madrid
914:), Siglo XXI de España, Madrid, 1989
849:. Editora Nacional, Madrid (España)
788:in 1937, and the Governing Council's
298:, he fought the Nazi occupation from
1028:Gallego-Díaz, Soledad (1977-07-15).
865:Historia de la Guerra Civil Española
1331:Consejo Supremo de Justicia Militar
682:, where they managed to embark for
13:
1358:(Political Responsibility Courts)
1337:, Supreme Council of War and Navy)
1335:Consejo Supremo de Guerra y Marina
1145:"República - EPR Orden Marzo 1937"
892:La Latina Municipal District Court
693:
356:
14:
1465:
1362:(Officers Depuration Courts) and
698:Colonel Romero finally exiled in
398:while acting as a colonel of the
328:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
259:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
942:, pag. 1524, verbatim pag. 1579.
599:and sentenced twice to death by
294:. Subsequently, a member of the
146:
131:
117:
105:Puente de los Franceses (Madrid)
1382:
1369:
1340:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1137:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1096:
1087:
1075:
1066:
1054:
1021:
1009:
1000:
799:
794:Counselor of the Masonic Family
506:Colonel Aureliano Álvarez-Coque
419:Spanish League for Human Rights
339:dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
308:Spanish League for Human Rights
1419:Military personnel from Madrid
984:
972:
963:
954:
945:
925:
904:
895:
886:
611:Exile in France and Resistance
404:Under the Claws of the Gestapo
1:
879:
54:Colonel Carlos Romero Giménez
991:Portal de Archivos Españoles
472:
400:Spanish Republican Air Force
313:
23:, the first or paternal
7:
377:António de Oliveira Salazar
10:
1470:
1390:Suppression of Freemasonry
767:
536:, Romero Giménez was the "
306:. He was President of the
18:
1449:French Resistance members
784:) of which Romero became
384:Hispanic-Lusitan Magazine
266:
254:
206:
192:
182:
174:
158:
112:
98:
82:
59:
47:
40:
343:General Dámaso Berenguer
202:XIII Cuerpo del Ejército
835:Salas Larrazábal, Ramón
772:With a late ingress to
710:by the Portuguese ship
676:Lazaro Cardenas del Rio
668:Gurs concentration camp
532:According to historian
351:Second Spanish Republic
169:Spanish Republican Army
1315:Bravo et al., op. cit.
1306:Bravo et al., op. cit.
1288:Bravo et al., op. cit.
932:Ramón Salas Larrazábal
819:Engel, Carlos (1999).
778:(Spanish Grand Orient)
744:
534:Ramón Salas Larrazábal
500:) from attacks led by
469:minutes between cars.
425:,. After the death of
347:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
200:II Cuerpo del Ejército
1439:Spanish army officers
792:by 1938. In 1939, as
742:
280:Carlos Romero Giménez
175:Years of service
42:Carlos Romero Giménez
762:Bridge of the French
726:Mexican Armed Forces
510:Bridge of the French
335:Insurrection of Jaca
1424:Spanish republicans
1375:Death certificate:
782:Gran Logia Española
747:After the death of
561:Campaign of Levante
555:In July 1938, when
427:Josep Puig d'Asprer
235:Catalonia Offensive
230:Campaign of Levante
1429:Spanish Freemasons
745:
196:4.ª Brigada Mixta,
1377:Acta de defunción
910:Alpert, Michael;
862:
805:Alpert, Michael;
757:Sanatorio Español
730:defense of Madrid
643:French Resistance
625:German occupation
546:Battle of Brunete
487:Republican forces
479:Spanish Civil War
423:Miguel de Unamuno
296:French Resistance
292:Spanish Civil War
277:
276:
225:Battle of Brunete
215:Spanish Civil War
153:French Resistance
143:
128:
86:11 September 1978
1461:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1344:
1338:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1267:. Archived from
1261:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1141:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
988:
982:
976:
970:
967:
961:
958:
952:
949:
943:
929:
923:
908:
902:
899:
893:
890:
860:
749:Francisco Franco
722:National Defense
718:Defensa Nacional
672:Gilberto Bosques
617:Clermont-Ferrand
514:Manzanares River
388:Defensa Nacional
284:Spanish Republic
273:advocate, Writer
262:Medal of Courage
160:
151:
150:
141:
139:Spanish Republic
137:
135:
134:
126:
124:Kingdom of Spain
122:
121:
89:
77:Kingdom of Spain
69:
67:
52:
38:
37:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1370:
1345:
1341:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1132:Francoist Spain
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
989:
985:
977:
973:
968:
964:
959:
955:
950:
946:
930:
926:
909:
905:
900:
896:
891:
887:
882:
802:
770:
696:
694:Exile in Mexico
613:
577:Siege of Madrid
498:Siege of Madrid
475:
447:Ortega y Gasset
359:
357:Second Republic
316:
302:as part of the
288:Siege of Madrid
267:Other work
261:
220:Siege of Madrid
213:
201:
199:
197:
167:
145:
144:
132:
130:
129:
116:
108:
91:
87:
71:
70:7 November 1890
65:
63:
55:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1395:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1339:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1136:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1095:
1086:
1074:
1065:
1053:
1036:(in Spanish).
1020:
1008:
999:
983:
971:
962:
953:
944:
924:
903:
894:
884:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
857:
832:
817:
801:
798:
769:
766:
695:
692:
612:
609:
527:Durruti Column
502:General Varela
474:
471:
459:Américo Castro
402:. In his book
358:
355:
320:Medina-Sidonia
315:
312:
275:
274:
268:
264:
263:
256:
252:
251:
250:
249:
238:
237:
232:
227:
222:
208:
204:
203:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
162:
156:
155:
114:
110:
109:
102:
100:
96:
95:
90:(aged 87)
84:
80:
79:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1466:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:Court-martial
1349:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1271:on 2012-02-10
1270:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1150:
1149:www.sbhac.net
1146:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1099:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1003:
996:
992:
987:
981:
975:
966:
957:
948:
941:
940:84-276-1107-2
937:
933:
928:
921:
920:84-323-0682-7
917:
913:
907:
898:
889:
885:
874:
873:84-226-0874-X
870:
866:
858:
856:
855:84-276-1107-2
852:
848:
847:84-9734-465-0
844:
840:
836:
833:
830:
829:84-922644-7-0
826:
822:
818:
816:
815:84-323-0682-7
812:
808:
804:
803:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
765:
763:
758:
754:
750:
741:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:
709:
705:
701:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
632:
626:
622:
618:
608:
606:
602:
598:
597:
591:
589:
585:
580:
578:
572:
570:
566:
565:Condor Legion
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
541:
539:
535:
530:
528:
522:
519:
518:General Miaja
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
470:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
373:
368:
364:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:Prior to the
331:
329:
325:
321:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
272:
269:
265:
260:
257:
253:
248:
245:
244:
243:
242:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
216:
212:
209:
205:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
157:
154:
149:
140:
125:
120:
115:
111:
106:
101:
97:
94:
85:
81:
78:
74:
62:
58:
51:
46:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1098:
1089:
1077:
1068:
1056:
1045:. Retrieved
1033:
1023:
1011:
1002:
986:
980:Manuel Azaña
974:
965:
956:
947:
927:
911:
906:
897:
888:
864:
838:
820:
806:
800:Bibliography
793:
790:Great Expert
789:
785:
781:
777:
771:
756:
746:
733:
721:
717:
711:
697:
664:Vichy France
630:
614:
595:
592:
588:World War II
581:
573:
557:General Rojo
554:
549:
542:
537:
531:
523:
495:
491:Nationalists
483:Armed Forces
476:
467:
463:García Lorca
455:Luis Simarro
416:
403:
396:
391:
387:
383:
381:
370:
360:
332:
317:
279:
278:
271:Human rights
241:World War II
239:
207:Battles/wars
198:6.ª División
165:Spanish Army
88:(1978-09-11)
32:
28:
21:Spanish name
1414:1978 deaths
1409:1890 births
1233:in absentia
786:Grand Chief
619:, later in
596:in absentia
584:Mina Romero
372:Estado Novo
290:during the
142:(1931–1939)
127:(1908–1931)
93:Mexico City
1403:Categories
1275:2012-02-07
1154:2024-05-10
1047:2024-05-10
880:References
708:Casablanca
688:Casablanca
660:Fort du Hâ
113:Allegiance
66:1890-11-07
1042:1134-6582
922:, p. 384.
680:Marseille
647:The Blitz
631:Champlain
473:Civil War
408:see below
363:Azaña Law
314:Biography
178:1908–1939
1392:, Spain.
863:, Hugh,
704:Veracruz
636:Bordeaux
367:Portugal
300:Bordeaux
193:Commands
159:Service/
19:In this
1034:El País
774:Masonry
768:Masonry
753:Veteran
656:Gestapo
601:Garrote
485:of the
412:Gestapo
324:Rif War
211:Rif War
187:Colonel
107:, Spain
33:Giménez
25:surname
1040:
938:
918:
871:
853:
845:
827:
813:
713:Nyassa
700:Mexico
651:London
640:Maquis
431:Azorin
304:Maquis
255:Awards
247:Maquis
161:branch
136:
99:Buried
73:Madrid
29:Romero
861:HOMAS
621:Paris
605:Mason
443:Azaña
439:Falla
1388:See
1103:War)
1038:ISSN
978:See
936:ISBN
916:ISBN
869:ISBN
851:ISBN
843:ISBN
825:ISBN
811:ISBN
684:Oran
461:and
451:Miró
435:Dalí
183:Rank
83:Died
60:Born
649:of
629:SS
569:CTV
552:".
540:".
394:).
375:of
27:is
1405::
1354:,
1147:.
1032:.
837:.
764:.
607:.
590:.
465:.
457:,
453:,
449:,
445:,
441:,
437:,
433:,
379:.
330:.
310:.
75:,
1278:.
1157:.
1050:.
875:.
859:T
831:.
720:(
406:(
68:)
64:(
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
