Capital punishment in Iran

1530:. His execution resulted in international condemnation. The execution was carried out only 23 days after his arrest. Human rights organizations such as the United Nations have expressed distress and concern that protesters are being sentenced to death following sham trials with no due process. Rahnavard's mother was only informed of his execution after his death and was later given the cemetery's name and plot number. Upon arrival at the cemetery, Rahnavard's family were welcomed by the sight of security Guards burying his body. A vote was cast in November by the UN Human Rights Council to initiate an investigation into Iran's handling of the demonstrations. Still, Tehran refused to cooperate because the mission was "political." On Wednesday, 14 December 2022, Iran's expulsion from the UN Commission on the Status of Women will be put to a vote, which the UN Watch predicts will pass overwhelmingly despite Tehran's objections. Australia and New Zealand have recently joined the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Canada in blacklisting a handful of Iranian officials and entities in response to the ongoing protests, which Tehran has condemned. Rahnavard's execution on Monday, similar to Shekari's, showed how quickly the Iranian judiciary is handling cases involving the protests. He was executed less than a month after his arrest. On 17 November, the judiciary claimed Rahnavard committed a "terrorist" act, and two days later, he was reportedly arrested for "Moharebeh," the Farsi definition for "waging war against God." Majidreza Rahnavard's trial took place in Mashhad, Khorasan-e Razavi Province, over the course of just one session before a "Revolutionary Court." November 29 where he was convicted of "enmity against God" (Moharebeh). Rahnavard was denied access to a lawyer of his own choice. He was assigned a lawyer, but he didn't present a defense, just like Mohsen Shekari, who, according to Iran human rights, was denied access to his lawyer during his interrogation and legal proceedings. 1534:

Iran from 1981 to 1989. This shows the level of power in his voice and actions. Originally, the protests sparked opposition to force the veiling of women in general to the death in custody of 22- year-old Mahsa Amini. Khamenei holds power as he can sway over pragmatic voices. It saddens the world as more individuals are being executed for having a voice and fighting injustice. A dozen others have been suspected and sentenced to this death penalty, and other activists are being warned to be careful. Certain situations, such as closed-door hearings, are an aspect of this as well. Another young male of the age of 23-years-old Mahan Sedarat faces execution after the judiciary confirmed his sentence. Through social media, others were raising awareness and attempting to revote his sentence and save his life. The young man was transferred to Rajaei Shahr prison in the city of Karaj, which is in the west of the capital of Tehran, which ended up being the place where his tragic execution occurred for being a human rights activist. It is known that at least 488 people have officially been killed during the protest in Iran for standing up for what they believe in. From a bigger perspective, another 18,200 have likely been detained by officials in Iran.

1283: 1153:'s order in 1981. Following vociferous domestic and international controversy over stoning in the early years of the Islamic Republic, the government placed a moratorium on stoning in 2002. In January 2005, the Iranian judiciary spokesman Jamal Karimirad was quoted as saying, "Stoning has been dropped from the penal code for a long time, and in the Islamic republic, we do not see such punishments being carried out", further adding that if stoning sentences were passed by lower courts, they were overruled by higher courts, and "no such verdicts have been carried out". Contradicting this, in 2008 "the Iranian Judiciary confirmed that a man was stoned to death for adultery in 765:) for married people and in all cases of incest. If an unmarried non-Muslim male has sexual relations with a Muslim female, the non-Muslim male will be put to death. Four witnesses (rather than two witnesses) are required to prove adultery, the person must confess four times, or they must be convicted by judge's knowledge (through definite circumstantial evidence). If the person confesses twice and is "repentant" or the victim's family forgives the adulterer, the judge can give a tazir sentence of 99 lashes instead, or imprisonment. Convictions and executions for this crime are extremely rare, usually only carried out in the case of death and rare even then. 1161:, "six people were stoned to death between 2006 and 2008 and an additional 13 people await their sentence from Iranian prisons". In 2012, stoning was officially removed from the code and replaced by an unspecified death penalty. In theory, it could still be used as a punishment because the penal code allows judges to impose sentencing according to "valid Islamic sources" and Sharia punishments. There were reports by the opposition Melli-Mazhabi Web site of a stoning sentence being carried out in 2012. The Tehran Forensic Medicine Department rejected those claims without providing explanations for the causes of death. 797:) is punishable by death. The judge can determine the type of death, but in practice, it is always hanging. The proof requirements are the same as for adultery, and such sentences are very rare. If one of the consenting participants was under 18, the punishment is 100 lashes for the minor. If the guilty is repentant, they generally receive a reduced sentence of 99 lashes. All people convicted of sodomy spend one year in prison in addition, and can be sentenced to more prison time at the judge's discretion. Few people are sentenced to death for sodomy, but prior to 2012, both partners could receive the death penalty. 1207: 24: 1374:

they were executed for the rape of a 13-year-old boy. The executions of the two teenagers divided the human rights community over whether it was a gay issue, but all human rights groups condemned the hangings, as they were for crimes allegedly committed when the boys were minors. The initial report from the Iranian Student News Agency, a government press agency, had stated that they were hanged for sodomizing and raping a 13-year-old boy (his father was interviewed about the case in the local Mashad newspaper). Online gay advocacy groups such as

1127:, chief of Iran's Human Rights Council (in 2010), rejected international condemnations of stoning, saying that, "in the eyes of some people, stoning is a lesser punishment than execution because there is a chance you should survive." However, there are at least two newspaper reports of women managing to pull themselves out of their hole while being stoned, but being killed nonetheless after being forced back into the hole. Iranian law mandates that stones used must be small enough to not kill instantly. According to 1056:, many former members or sympathizers of the Mujahedeen group, former communists, and other dissidents. Those executed had all renounced their former ties to their old opposition organizations and many were about to finish their prison sentences when they were suddenly and secretly executed. The charges were "moharebeh" or apostasy, seen by critics as a gross example of using a religious charge for political reasons. They were executed by hanging for most part, but a few were executed by firing squad. 1071:

opponents being unjustly prosecuted and sentences. Critics also complained that the judges were biased, unfair, too rigid, used the death sentence much too often, and applied the death penalty to undeserving people. There were also criticisms of confessions obtained through torture. When asked what if a person was wrongfully executed, one of the judges said that an innocent person "would receive a reward by God in heaven"; so, little care was taken to see if the accused were actually guilty.

1560: 5250: 4468: 896:, which forbids executing child offenders for crimes committed under the age of 18. Iran justifies its actions by claiming dispensation in cases where the convention is deemed "incompatible with Islamic jurisprudence". Iran has also been criticized for using stoning as capital punishment, though in 2005, an Iranian judiciary spokesman strongly denied the accusations of stoning and executing minors, describing them as "propaganda against the Iranian state". 1007: 5316: 5260: 931:) with a complex gallows designed to drop the condemned and break the neck, Iran's gallows are very simple and inexpensive. They consist only of a frame and a stool, with some stools able to hold up to seven people at a time and having wheels. Public executions are usually carried out by a mobile crane. Sometimes, the victim is suspended from the crane, but more often, the crane is used as a gallows, and the person is pulled off a stool (see 531:(a financial settlement to compensate for the family's loss) rather than allowing the perpetrator to be executed. Because murder is considered a private matter between the perpetrator and the victim's family, the state may not commute a qesas-e-nafs sentence. The conviction, but not the sentence, can be appealed. Judges may only recommend the course of action the family takes, and in many cases ask the family to forgive the murderer. 91: 676:, the two largest opium-producing countries in the world, Iran is a major trafficking route to Europe and the west. Since 2000, up to 2,000 Iranian soldiers have died fighting armed drug cartels and smugglers. Most of Iran's executions are related to drug trafficking—a recent announcement by the judiciary said that 74% of executions in Iran were drug-related. In 2015, according to Iran's vice-president for women and family affairs, 1033:. By 1980, one year after the Shah was overthrown, the new Islamic Republic executed over 700 people by firing squad. Many of the members of the former regime are suspected to have been unjustly executed in biased trials. A campaign against drug trafficking resulted in the executions of many for drug possession, including addicts, often based on minimal evidence. Some of these people were also alleged opponents of the regime. 1546: 539:. If pardoned, the perpetrator still faces criminal penalties through the tazir code. Anybody who commits intentional murder must face a minimum of 2–3 years in prison, which is usually about the same time it takes to pay the diyya. Usually, longer sentences are given, and if other crimes were committed along with the murder, the person will serve a longer prison sentence, possibly even up to life imprisonment. 748:

websites/businesses" were added to the list. Large scale economic crimes that disrupt the economy are also punishable by death if the perpetrator is found guilty of mofsede-fel-arz. Belonging to an armed anti-regime opposition group or being part of "riotous disturbances"/ "armed acts" against the state are punishable by death or imprisonment if the perpetrator is found guilty of moharebeh.

575:. However, in practice, diyya is negotiated between the parties and they generally settle for more or less diyyeh than the official amount. If the person cannot pay diyya, he would be held in prison until the amount is paid, even if his regular discretionary prison sentence ends. Usually his/her family/friends are expected to help raise the amount, or in some cases the state can pay for it. 1390:, while not agreeing with the brutality of the hangings, stated it was "deeply disturbed about the apparent indifference of many people to the alleged rape of a 13-year-old". However, others still allege that they were hanged for being gay. Later that year, another two young men, referred to in the media by their first names, Mokhtar and Ali, were hanged in the northern city of Gorgan for 1257:. In murder cases (and often rape cases), both the victim's and prisoner's family are required to be there by law, in order to keep the possibility of a forgiveness settlement open. In non-murder executions, sometimes, the prisoner's family is informed after the fact. Usually the condemned may see relatives prior to the execution. The prisoner's attorney may also attend the execution. 250:. Iran carried out at least 977 executions in 2015, at least 567 executions in 2016, and at least 507 executions in 2017. In 2018 there were at least 249 executions, at least 273 in 2019, at least 246 in 2020, at least 290 in 2021, at least 553 in 2022, at least 834 in 2023, and at least 226 so far in 2024. In 2023, Iran was responsible for 74% of all recorded executions in the world. 1295:. They take place when the prosecutor requests and the judge accepts that since the criminal's crimes were so terrible they "caused public outrage", the criminal must die at the spot where the crime was committed. The Supreme Court must also approve the sentence. It is estimated that about 5–10% of executions are carried out in public, usually around 6 am local time. 551:("spreading corruption on the earth"). Crimes of passion may not always be recognized as a legitimate defense, with the exception of a spouse caught committing adultery (punishable by imprisonment). People who murder in self-defense can usually be released after paying blood money to the victim's family, and the courts would usually help to facilitate that. 547:

lover and the perpetrator caught the spouse committing adultery, or in the case of a father murdering his children. In these cases, the perpetrator is punished through a tazir discretionary sentence, ranging from 2 years to life in prison. Sometimes the death penalty can be used regardless if the person has been found guilty of

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Penal Code in Iran defines a child as "someone who has not reached the age of puberty (bulugh) as stipulated by Islamic law and as specified in the 1991 Civil Code as 15 lunar years for boys and nine lunar years for girls." Since 1995, Iran's Supreme Court has commuted non-murder death sentences to 2–8 years in prison.

706:. Hadud crimes must be proven by confession, two witnesses (four witnesses in the case of adultery), or in rare cases, by "judge's knowledge" (where, based on available evidence, the defendant's guilt is extremely obvious). If the prosecution cannot provide the proof for a hadud crime, it is tried as a lesser 868:

that the perpetrator had reached full adult mental development at the time of the crime and that it was committed intentionally with a well thought-out plan. For minors by default and for young adults (older than 18) with low mental development, execution is not used and the perpetrator is prosecuted in a

504:" below). The other type is a regular death sentence, "hokm-e-edam", for crimes such as rape and drug trafficking. These sentences are completely separate in Iranian law, and this has created some confusion in news sources when authorities say that a murder will not result in "execution", but in "qesas". 1188:

in 2008, Tayyeb Karimi and Yazdan were convicted of abduction, rape and theft and sentenced to death by a judge in Shiraz, Fars province, southern Iran, in May 2007. They were to be thrown off a cliff or from a great height. The judge ordered that they be executed in the way described. Four other men

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In 2015, Amnesty International argued that executions in Iran were after sentences by courts that were almost always "completely lacking in independence and impartiality", and that "Trials in Iran are deeply flawed, detainees are often denied access to lawyers, and there are inadequate procedures for

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In 2011, an amendment to the Dangerous Drugs Act ended the official right of appeal for repeat drug offenders. Instead, they can directly appeal to the Prosecutor General of Iran. This change was made because the regular appeals courts were overloaded and could not carry out their work quickly due to

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A death sentence can be appealed to the Supreme Court of Cassation of Iran, which can affirm or deny the sentence. If the Supreme Court of Cassation finds irregularities, it can send the case to a lower court for a re-trial. There is no limit on the number of times that a defendant may appeal, but if

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who, as initially reported by Iranian sources, were executed for committing homosexual acts; however, when disturbing photos of the hanging were widely distributed around the Internet, and drew international attention and condemnation, it resulted in subsequent allegations by the Iranian regime that

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Individuals sentenced to stoning are placed in a stoning pit, buried to the neck (women) or waist (men), and others hurl stones at them until they escape the stoning pit, are incapacitated, or are killed. Because men (unlike women) are only buried to the waist, men occasionally do escape the stoning

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However, moharebeh and mofsede-fel-arz are famous for being political charges disguised as religious crimes. These are often levied against those involved in espionage, treason, activism, opposition to the government, or terrorism. In 2008, "operation of prostitution rings" and "running pornographic

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allow the judge to give a lesser penalty of life imprisonment (which can be decreased upon appeal). In practice, the majority of dealers get a prison sentence on first offense, but on the second or third offense, they are executed or sentenced to life imprisonment. In armed drug smuggling cases, the

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Large scale fraud or counterfeiting if enough to disrupt the "financial stability of the Islamic Republic", or "intentionally aimed at undermining the government" is punishable by death or life in prison if at the level of "mofsed-fel-arz". In addition, people who act against the Islamic Republic or

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Human trafficking is punishable by death or life in prison if the trafficked person was under 18 years of age or if rape, murder, or financial exploitation occurred. Operation of prostitution rings is also punishable by death, as well as "making large-scale pornographic websites". A person operating

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Furthermore, the acceleration of this specific use of the death penalty proves it to be a dictatorship that is the most uncompromising and extreme element, all under the leadership of supreme leader Ali Khamenei. Ali Khamenei is an Iranian cleric and politician who previously served as president of

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In the case of a murder, the victim's next of kin is allowed to pull the stool out from under the condemned. There have been occasions where the victim's family pardoned the murderer right at the foot of the gallows. A few times, the person was pardoned and cut down from the gallows after surviving

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Consumption of alcohol (one glass) is punished by 80 lashes, but repeated offences may lead to death penalty, although rarely exercised. In 2012, two men were sentenced to death after a third offense in Khorasan. The sentence was confirmed by the Supreme Court, but it may be commuted to flogging if

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Between 1979 and 2002, 40–76 adultery/incest executions (by stoning) were recorded for both men and women. Even if the actual numbers are higher, the punishment is nonetheless rare in proportion to confirmed cases of adultery. The punishment is given mostly in aggravated circumstances when the four

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If the family demands retribution, they cannot receive diyya, although they may receive some minor civil restitution. Most cases (2/3) are resolved through diyya. Qesas executions are a minority of executions in Iran, consisting of 20–30% (although those executed for other crimes may have committed

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Despite signing the convention on the Rights of the Child, Iran, according to human rights groups, is the world's largest executioner of juvenile offenders. This has been ascribed to the difference in definition of a "minor" between non-Muslim and (some) Muslim countries. Article 49 of the Islamic

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The execution of minors in Iran has been a major issue for human rights groups. As of May 2009, there were at least 137 known juvenile offenders awaiting execution in Iran, but the total number could be much higher, as many death penalty cases in Iran are believed to go unreported. Of the 43 child

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is not codified in the penal code, but is nevertheless subject to prosecution by Iranian courts, due to the primary role of Sharia in the legal system. Some two hundred members of the Baha'i religion, an indigenous faith, but proscribed as a form of apostasy, have been hanged, while many have been

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Iran is believed to execute the most people per capita. Iran insists that the execution numbers human rights groups allege are "exaggerated," and that executions are only carried out "after a lengthy judicial process." Iranian officials cite that they are "fighting a large-scale drug war along its

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Critics of the Revolutionary Courts complained about the process, stating that the trials lacked defense attorneys, were too short (often lasting hours, even minutes), and could not be appealed and that there was a lack of evidence and convictions were often based on strong rumors, with political

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In February 2012, Iran adopted a new penal code, which officially banned the death penalty for minors under the age of 18 in favor of "social penalties" and "educational programs". Minors who commit murder when aged 15–18 can still receive the death penalty in rare cases if the judge is confident

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In the case of manslaughter or insufficient proof, the perpetrator is not required to pay diyya. If a murderer was working under someone else's orders, and can prove it, they may receive a tazir punishment such as imprisonment, fines, and/or whipping, but sometimes even death. In these cases, the

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On 3 May 2016, Reza Hosseini, 34, was executed in Ghezel Hesar prison on alleged drug charges after a revolutionary court trial that lasted a couple of minutes. His wife insists Hosseini was innocent. She says Hosseini was arrested because he got into an altercation with the authorities, and the

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In many cases the rape victim settles the case by accepting compensation (jirah) in exchange for withdrawing the charges or forgiving the rapist. This is similar to diyyeh, but equal to a woman's dowry. A woman can also receive diyya for injuries sustained. Normally, the rapist still faces tazir

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Qesas cannot be applied in cases of self-defense or manslaughter, where the proof requirements above are not met, to minors (age 15 for boys, 9 for girls prior to 2008; after 2008, age 18 in most cases), to those declared insane, in a case where the victim is the perpetrator's spouse or spouse's

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Public executions in Iran are less common, sometimes applied to those found guilty of crimes such as gang rape, child murder, murder during an armed robbery, or massive drug trafficking. Public executions were restricted between the 1920s and 1950s for the most part, but became common after the

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In drug cases, a record of the amount of drugs a person is caught with is kept, so that the information is available in the event of a later arrest. Once a certain cumulative amount above is reached, the person is sentenced to the death penalty or life imprisonment. The offense should be deemed

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The person is found in possession of over 5000 grams/5 kilograms (11.02 lbs) of opium, hashish, or cannabis. The death sentence is not applied for first offenses where the sale was not completed and the amount was less than 20 kilograms. The death sentence is also applied on the third

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In most cases (about 90%), executions are carried out in a provincial prison in the province where the crime took place. In serious cases, the criminal is publicly executed at the spot the crime was committed. Many serious criminals or drug-related criminals are sent to larger, more centralized

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offenders recorded as having been executed since 1990, 11 were still under the age of 18 at the time of their execution, while the others were either kept on death row until they had reached 18, or were convicted and sentenced after reaching that age. In 2006, a teenage girl of the age of 16,

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In many cases, judges try to persuade the family to forgive the murderer, even at times pressuring them to do so. Often, a murder execution is delayed for five years after the murder was committed in order to persuade the family to exercise forgiveness, and allow time for the murderer to pay

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While "Iran does not publish how many people are stoned or sentenced to stoning each year", and it is "very difficult to provide systematic reporting and empirical data on stoning of women inside Iran", information has been gleaned by human rights groups from newspaper reports. Reports from

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crime is a crime that is punished according to a judge's discretion. A "deterrent crime" is a crime with a fixed sentence. Tazir punishments should generally be less severe. There are no strict proof requirements as there are for hadd. Tazir and deterrent crimes are often comparable to a

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were hanged in retaliation for the alleged death of a policeman during riots a year before. In 2011, when the riots originally took place, 9 men were hanged in retaliation for alleged "deaths and rapes" during the riots, three of them in public. One of them was 16 years old when hanged.

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According to the official tables, the family of a female victim receives half the amount of diyya due to the family of a man (though the amount is equal in accidental death cases); however, in practice, diyyeh is negotiated, and usually the amount is equal, especially in recent years.

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The perpetrator may be convicted for murder in the case of a confession, if there are two witnesses to the crime, if there are 50 sworn testimonies, and/or if one or more people testifies 50 times against the defendant. However, in practice, judges also allow circumstantial evidence.

1264:(prayer). When the platform is moved away, the condemned dies of strangulation and loss of blood to the brain. Usually they fall unconscious within seconds. If the condemned struggles after being released, the prison guards will typically pull down on the rope to speed up the death. 485:

guilt is established, the Court will affirm the sentence. In murder and rape cases, the perpetrator can ask for forgiveness from the victim's family; in other cases, the perpetrator can ask for clemency from the "Amnesty and Pardons Commission" of Iran to reduce their sentences.

860:, was sentenced to death, and executed two weeks later by hanging in a public square for the charges of adultery and "crimes against chastity". Death row prisoners sentenced while underage include at least one at 13-year-old (executed at 21) and a 14-year-old (executed at 18). 1202:

Although, by law, all executions must take place in "public", the location is not usually specified. In most cases, executions take place in the main prison of the county or province where the crime took place, in front of witnesses (family, prosecutors, other prisoners).

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and are imprisoned. A range of serious and petty sanctions are routinely placed on the Baha'i community, including a ban on young adherents attending university. The death sentence could be given for a male, though the last such execution was in 1990. A case is

1018:, thousands of people were sentenced to be shot for political offenses including drug trafficking, and crimes against the Islamic Republic by the newly established Revolutionary Courts. These included many of the Shah's former ministers, such as former 710:

crime. The application of hudud crimes differ significantly in Iran from what is prescribed by classical Sharia. Conviction for these require a high proof rate, and cannot be given when there is any reasonable doubt. All hudud crimes also have a

626:, methamphetamine, or similar drugs. The death sentence is not applied for first offenses where the sale was not completed or the amount was less than 100 grams (3.5 ounces), or for repeat offenses where collective amount was 30–100 grams. 276:

State-sanctioned executions have witnessed a rapid spike in numbers during 2023. In May 2023 alone, Iran executed at least 142 individuals, its highest monthly rate since 2015. At least 30 of those killed were from the predominantly

445:, although many laws are derived from pre-revolution civil law, rather than Sharia. For example, while almost 80% of Iranian executions are for drug traffickers, drug trafficking laws are part of Iranian civil law, not Sharia law. 1298:

In 2002, the "Black Vultures", the nickname of a group of five men who assaulted and gang raped dozens of women in northern Tehran, were hanged in public from cranes, two in the main bus terminal and three in the main square of

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try offenses aimed against the state and its associated institutions. Crimes include smuggling (e. g., of drugs or weapons), terrorism, counterfeiting, and treason. The revolutionary courts can also issue death sentences.

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system, a special court that handles such cases relating to national security. In 2011, the right of appeal was revoked for certain drug crimes, and instead, the case must be appealed to the Prosecutor-General of Iran.

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Arms smuggling is punishable by death or life in prison if the offense is deemed to be at the level of "moharebeh". Possession, sale, and/or use of illegal military weapons may be punishable by death or life in prison.

3069:"Iranian women escapes death penalty by stoning (which includes the statement "Stoning is part of Sharia Law that mandates that a stone not be too big to kill too soon, or too small to unnecessarily prolong the death)" 1317:

district in Tehran, where he had in October 2010 murdered a man by repeatedly stabbing him and then stood over the victim while he bled to death threatening to kill anyone who intervened. The murder was recorded on a

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issued a statement that "stoning for adultery" was still "stipulated in law" in Iran; that "several persons are still on death-row" with a sentence of stoning, and that "in 2018, two women were sentenced to stoning".

611:, website, or any type of internet application that is deemed to spread "corruption", "insulting of Islam", "terrorism/violence", or "treason" may be punishable by death. In most cases, lesser penalties are given. 566:

Diyya tables are set every year by the Iranian government. Diyya is equivalent to the price of 100 camels, and must be paid in cash. Diyya is doubled if the intentional murder is committed during the holy months

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prisoner often must serve a prison sentence prior to execution (typically 5–10 years). Most executed drug dealers have been implicated in other crimes at some point (including theft, robbery, rape, and murder).

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for his famous photo "Firing Squad in Iran", which showed seven Kurds and two Shah's policemen being executed minutes after being convicted for "terrorism and crimes against God" by Khalkhali in the airport in

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for armed robbery was broken up when relatives stormed the gallows and cut the men down while still alive; they were later re-captured and hanged until dead. A video of the incident was posted on the Internet.

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In the majority of cases, people who commit a hudud offensive would be given tazir punishments such as imprisonment or fines, but in some serious cases, the hudud punishment could be given in addition to it.

5375: 5184: 1003:. During the 38 years in which the Shah reigned, 1,000 or more people were sentenced to death for crimes against the government, mostly by firing squad after conviction by a special SAVAK military tribunal. 492:

Often execution is delayed until the person completes a prison sentence. Some murder and rape cases are delayed for five years in order to maximize the possibility of forgiveness and reaching a settlement.

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was adopted in 1982, ordinary crimes began to be punished by hanging once again by regular, non-Revolutionary courts. Political opponents continued to be executed by firing squads, but on a lesser scale.

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penalties, such as 100 lashes and jail time for immoral acts, and often faces further penalties for other crimes committed alongside the rape, such as kidnapping, assault, and disruption of public order.

1140: 830:, an Iranian Christian Pastor sentenced to death for apostasy 21–22 September 2010 in the province of Gilan, but the sentence has not been carried out. For women, the maximum sentence is life in prison. 3349: 2567: 1448:

drugs were actually discovered by authorities in another place. Hosseini never pleaded guilty. At that, Judge Tayerani replied: "If you are innocent, then you will go to heaven after you are hanged."

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try serious crimes, hadd crimes, and qesas crimes, such as murder, rape, and theft. These courts can issue death sentences. Criminal courts of second instance try misdemeanors and contraventions. The

1915: 1088:, the first head of the Revolutionary Court, who sentenced drug traffickers and former members of the Shah's government alike to be shot. He personally sentenced 800–2,000 people to death. In 1980, 4146: 1503:, aged 23, was executed by hanging. A Revolutionary Court had found him guilty of enmity against God and of wounding a member of a paramilitary force with a machete. He had been taking part in the 3507: 769:

witnesses or a confession is available and the spouse died. Most adulterers go unpunished, or receive a lighter sentence. Divorce is usually the most common method in dealing with adultery.

5383: 5189: 1386:(Iran is a signatory to both), which prohibit the execution of minors. After the international outcry, the Iranian government repeated once again that the hangings were for raping the boy. 524:

crime is a class of crime that can be punished by retribution. The Sharia crime of intentional murder (ghatl-e-amd) is one crime punished by qesas, which in this case is a life for a life.

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asserted that they were hanged for being homosexuals; other groups, in light of evidence that the teenagers were convicted of rape, emphasized that the executions were a violation of the

970:, was sentenced to death, and executed two weeks later by hanging in a public square for the charges of adultery and "crimes against chastity". In 2009, a public execution of two men in 288:

eastern borders, and the increase of drug lords and dealers causes a rise in executions." According to the BBC, Iran "carries out more executions than any other country, except China".

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The person is convicted of armed smuggling of any illegal narcotics, committing an armed crime while in possession of drugs, or being a member or head of a narcotics trafficking gang.

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Executions in Iran 2007–2018 (Official, true number probably higher due to unreported cases. From 2015 onward, some established unreported cases have been taken into account as well.)

1459:, who had been jailed for insulting the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. According to his family, Nasiri had been on hunger strike, but he was denied medical attention before he died. 633:

The person is found in possession of more than five kilograms of prescription or industrial drugs for illegal use, or is a repeat offender possessing 5-20 kilograms of such drugs.

500:), there are two types of sentences resulting in death. The first is a "qesas-e-nafs" (retribution) sentence, when a murder victim's family refuses to forgive a murderer (see " 3068: 4139: 3179:

Global Security: Iran : Fifth Report of Session 2007-08 of the Foreign Affairs Committee of ... - Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Foreign Affairs Committee

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Islamic Revolution, usually carried out from mobile cranes. In 2008, Iran banned public execution; however, the moratorium has not gone into effect as of 2011, according to

1074:

Ayatollah Khomeini himself was sentenced to death by firing squad for treason against the Shah in 1964, by a military court, but his sentence was commuted to exile in Iraq (

837:, his daughter, or his family is a crime in Iran, and a blasphemer would be found guilty of apostasy as well by default. Blasphemy is punishable by death or imprisonment. 729:, which is "spreading corruption on the earth", which can be applied for political crimes such as treason.The Iran's judiciary system has also used another related crime, 4846: 2743: 2528: 2349: 3970: 2483: 5215: 4132: 3467: 2594:"Execution of Juveniles in Iran: Prisoner executed for murder committed at age 14; another juvenile offender scheduled for execution Tomorrow - Iran Human Rights" 1937: 1104:

After many years of not being used, the firing squad was last used in 2008, to execute a man convicted of raping 17 children, according to the Fars News Agency.

3445: 2156: 3353: 2571: 740:

Similarly, a court could find that if a person's crimes (of any type) were heinous enough, and the person is a continued threat to society, they are guilty of

1984:

Wilets, James D. (1997). "Conceptualizing Private Violence Against Sexual Minorities As Gendered Violence: An International and Comparative Law Perspective".

527:

Diyyeh is a private settlement claim between the victim's family and the perpetrator. The victim's family has the option to forgive the criminal by accepting

4102: 262: 1923: 1698: 3058:, which includes the statement "Iranian law specifies exactly how stoning should be carried out, saying stones must be small enough not to kill instantly". 1383: 2948: 987:

is legal, but seldom used in Iran today. Historically, it was used for military and political crimes. In 1974, under the Shah's regime, Marxist activists

847:(shurb-e-khamr). However, for all but the most serious cases, the crime is punished through the tazir code, and the judge gives a discretionary sentence. 999:, the Crown Prince of Iran. They were shot after a televised trial in Tehran. This case was one of the big events that turned public opinion against the 725:("waging war against God" or "war against the State") is a charge levied against people who commit acts against the government. Another related crime is 3236: 2401: 3531: 5225: 843:

Other hudud crimes include incest, theft (serghat-e-haddi), lesbianism (mosahegheh), false accusation of sex crimes (ghazf), pimping (ghavvadi), and

715:

penalty, and in most cases the perpetrator is sentenced to the tazir penalty. If a perpetrator is repentant, the hudud punishment could be pardoned.

3517: 1489: 1282: 1444:

was hanged for killing a man she alleged was trying to sexually abuse her, despite an international campaign that sought to avoid her execution.

811: 3662: 2681: 5409: 5139: 4779: 3298: 2055: 1053: 1310:

were hanged in downtown Tehran for murdering a judge, as well as shooting and killing two innocent bystanders during an earlier bank robbery.

4580: 4520: 3021: 2656: 4076: 2379: 943:

and carotid reflex (where blood vessels to the head are cut off), taking 10–20 minutes, causing visible pain and distress to the condemned.

4503: 5296: 3945: 761:

Adultery (zina-e-mohsen) is punishable by 100 lashes for unmarried people and by death on the fourth offense. It is punishable by death (

939:. Iranian nooses are thick, with 7–10 knotted coils, and are often made of blue plastic rope with little to no drop. Death is caused by 582:

Before 2004, non-Muslims would receive half the diyya of a Muslim, but the law was changed to give Muslims and non-Muslims equal diyya.

3375: 2181: 226:; producing or preparing food, drink, cosmetics, or sanitary items that lead to death when consumed or used; producing and publishing 3736: 1730: 1165: 3781: 3266: 3852: 3072: 2923: 1379: 3211:"Justice For Iran Press Release: Ratification of the Islamic Penal Code; Iran to Continue Passage of Laws to Violate Human Rights" 1845: 5164: 4974: 4851: 2206: 1622: 702:. Some of these laws are part of Iran's penal code, while others are not. Their punishments are also described in the Quran and 5440: 5220: 683:

In 2016 lawmakers proposed a bill to end capital punishment for drug offences. A justice minister also supported the proposal.

3119: 1671: 5305: 5179: 5084: 4826: 893: 5455: 5379: 4889: 4856: 1642: 3096: 2353: 5435: 3710: 3210: 733:, which is translated to "armed rebellion against the Islamic government", especially against protesters during the 2022 618:

According to Iran's Anti-Narcotics Law, possession of narcotics is a felony punishable by death or life imprisonment if:

781:). In Iran, for the most part, convictions are made either by confession or "judge's knowledge", rather than witnesses. 5394: 5134: 5099: 5054: 3327: 1765: 996: 900: 5024: 5019: 4914: 3711:"Death Penalty News: Iran Judge to Drug Defendant: 'If you're innocent then you'll go to heaven after you're hanged'" 3187: 2857: 2835: 67: 45: 2972: 2593: 2029: 38: 5144: 5119: 5034: 5014: 4964: 4934: 4924: 4496: 4471: 1511: 1081:, another head of SAVAK who helped commute Khomeini's sentence, was one of the first shot upon Khomeini's return). 327: 273:, who referred to it as politically motivated and a "callous and cowardly act" carried out by a "barbaric regime." 139: 3610: 1897: 5289: 5230: 5109: 5104: 4984: 4831: 2130: 1366: 1158: 954:, the "Desert Vampire", who raped and murdered 17 boys, in 2005. At dawn, on 27 July 2007, 29 men were hanged in 880:, so as a result some people sentenced to death at the age of 18 would be 17 years old in solar calendar years. 5174: 5124: 5079: 5059: 5049: 4949: 1067:. Since the late 1980s, virtually all executions have been carried out by hanging, both political or criminal. 254: 2619: 2336: 5365: 5325: 5149: 5064: 5044: 4929: 4919: 4774: 3244: 3085:

Book title: Death defying: dismantling the execution machinery in 21st century, Author: Pam McAllister, p. 23

1307: 599:, though not in cases where the crime is deemed to be equal to a moharebeh/mofsed-fel-arz crime (see above). 426: 2405: 1702: 5404: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5330: 5194: 5129: 5094: 5029: 5009: 4999: 4959: 4944: 4939: 3437: 2568:"Amnesty International | Iran: Execution of child offender Makwan Moloudazdeh is a mockery of justice" 1313:

On 5 January 2011, a man only identified by Iranian media as "Yaghub" was hanged in the main square of the

1791: 555:

person(s) who ordered the killing are subject to qesas or diyyeh. If a woman is killed carrying an unborn

5414: 5399: 5389: 5335: 5235: 5154: 5114: 5089: 5069: 5004: 4979: 4969: 4954: 4701: 4489: 4304: 4229: 1362: 648: 453: 2706: 777:

Rape (zina-be-onf) is related to adultery, has the same proof requirements, and is punishable by death (

5370: 5345: 5282: 5074: 5039: 4994: 4898: 4841: 2778:", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 9 June 2004. Retrieved 16 May 2006. 1210:

Vahid Zare robbed and murdered a young soldier, was sentenced to death, hanged by a crane yet pardoned

840:

For all other hudud crimes, the fourth offense would be a capital offense, unless the person repents.

5315: 4538: 4434: 2685: 1434: 1277: 920:

Hanging is the only common method of execution in 21st-century Iran, usually carried out in prison.

744:(spreading corruption on the earth), which is a related crime and punishable by death/imprisonment. 103: 4906: 4882: 3419: 1417:, possibly in order to intimidate the opposition, despite their arrest months before the election. 1410: 1402: 449: 32: 4124: 2994: 2312: 1425:

was upheld in March 2012, meaning that his execution could be carried out at any time. In 2012, 5

1131:, in stoning executions in Iran, most victims are dead within two hours of the first stone throw. 680:, in an unnamed village in Sistan and Baluchistan every adult male was executed on drugs charges. 5445: 4644: 4444: 3177: 1124: 1045: 339: 4550: 2003: 1485: 1466:

was executed for murder. The U.S. State Department believed he had been tortured into giving a

1414: 1253:

1–2 days prior to the execution, the prisoner is informed of their execution date and moved to

1147: 947: 661: 636:

The person is a repeat offender convicted with growing opium poppies for drug use, or cannabis.

49: 3838: 1040:) resulted in executions of the party's leaders and some members on charges of spying for the 814:

later confirmed the execution and defended it by saying that he had drinking offenses before.

622:

The person is found in possession of over 30 grams (1.1 ounces) of heroin, morphine, cocaine,

4671: 4659: 4533: 4324: 1849: 1769: 1343: 1292: 1206: 1185: 1136: 1064: 1060: 677: 3807: 3392: 5450: 4799: 4639: 4329: 4204: 2814: 2801: 2788: 1743: 1527: 1504: 1422: 1254: 963: 734: 3685:"Story of a recent execution: If you're innocent, you'll go to heaven after you're hanged" 3273: 1433:

In 2011, two policemen were hanged in Tehran for beating to death three protesters in the

1413:. When they were executed, their execution was falsely reported as being connected to the 8: 5204: 4875: 4676: 4664: 4593: 4449: 4299: 4279: 4214: 1456: 1331: 1227: 647:

Drug crimes, smuggling, and crimes against the stability of the country are tried in the

5274: 3878: 3553: 2521:"Background Information: Stop Child Executions in Iran | Amnesty International USA" 2084: 4836: 4748: 4604: 4512: 4439: 4359: 4349: 4314: 4269: 4189: 4169: 3826: 3591: 3126: 1452: 1418: 1387: 1128: 1030: 1022: 1015: 988: 119: 4022: 3996: 3918: 3892: 3754: 3636: 2907: 2228: 1964: 1619: 1593: 1250:. The gallows are typically located in a large indoor shed, or in a remote courtyard. 5259: 4424: 4398: 4393: 4294: 4249: 4244: 4219: 3971:"Iran: Public execution of Majidreza Rahnavard exposes authorities' revenge killings" 3570: 3489: 3369: 3183: 3151: 3055: 2882: 2722: 2267: 2111: 1726: 1493: 1398: 1260:

Executions are carried out at 4 am local time, just before the call for morning

1235: 1150: 992: 827: 822: 665: 653: 438: 351: 335: 187: 179: 135: 4048: 2553: 876:

to determine the age of criminal responsibility, which is shorter than the standard

660:

Iran is currently fighting a major drug war on its provinces in the east, primarily

4629: 4624: 4614: 4545: 4429: 4344: 4234: 4224: 2710: 1467: 1441: 1247: 1085: 873: 834: 615:

are convicted of terrorism can be sentenced to death for moharebeh/mofsed-fel-arz.

497: 474: 434: 319: 143: 2827: 1143:(ICAE) tally a total of 150 people executed by stoning in Iran from 1980 to 2009. 253:

Despite international requests for his release, the Iranian government executed a

99: 4811: 4728: 4408: 4388: 4339: 4309: 4289: 4284: 4260: 4239: 4180: 3046:, 30 October 1989, & (city of Arak) The Jomhuri Islami daily 10 August 1994. 1626: 1455:

urged the regime in Iran to investigate and find an explanation for the death of

1314: 1189:

have been sentenced to 100 lashes each for their involvement in the same crimes.

1154: 1078: 967: 857: 741: 726: 239: 2909:

Berlin International Film Festival: Iranian film about executions wins top prize

2157:"Iran executed all adult men in one village for drug offences, official reveals" 1646: 4753: 4649: 4619: 4555: 4372: 4209: 4194: 2376:"Two Iranians Sentenced to Death for Drinking Alcohol, AFP Says - Businessweek" 1500: 1337: 1093: 1089: 1019: 951: 932: 888:

Iran has garnered media attention and criticism for carrying out executions of

877: 869: 430: 391: 379: 302:

Death sentences in Iran are, in theory, legal for a variety of crimes, such as

266: 258: 223: 215: 4077:"Iran executes second prisoner amid nationwide protests challenging theocracy" 3214: 2958: 2767:"Status of Ratifications of the Principal International Human Rights Treaties" 2507: 2286:"۱۱ نماینده آلمانی کفالت سیاسی معترضان پرونده "خانه اصفهان" را بر عهده گرفتند" 5429: 5253: 4867: 4804: 4654: 4403: 4367: 4274: 2427: 2271: 2255: 1942: 1573: 1181: 940: 644:

tantamount to "mofsede-fel-arz" in order for the perpetrator to be executed.

303: 297: 281: 147: 3660: 3097:"Shappi Khorsandi ridicules Iran's penal laws on stoning - Amnesty TV video" 2453: 4565: 4334: 3808:"Iran executes journalist Ruhollah Zam in widely condemned move | CBC News" 1474: 1463: 1426: 1349: 1319: 1041: 984: 959: 347: 230:; using pornographic materials to solicit sex; capital perjury; recidivist 183: 3299:"Resolution on the serious and systematic human rights violations in Iran" 1101:, during a revolt by Kurdish armed groups. Their trial lasted 30 minutes. 5263: 4794: 4634: 4609: 4599: 4560: 4454: 4199: 2597: 1551: 1496:. The European Union condemned the death sentences on 13 September 2022. 1239: 1223: 1037: 955: 889: 844: 669: 596: 371: 343: 278: 270: 227: 167: 2285: 1526:

Resistance Force, Danial Rezazadeh, and Hossein Zeinalzadeh, during the

962:

was hanged in Tehran for the 2002 murder of the wife of Iran footballer

4758: 4722: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4696: 4319: 3596: 1901: 1565: 1346:

was executed for rape, murder and body mutilation of a 7-year-old girl.

1006: 466: 442: 395: 151: 3919:"Majidreza Rahnavard: Iran carries out second execution over protests" 3893:"Majidreza Rahnavard: Iran carries out second execution over protests" 3684: 2766: 1492:, had been sentenced to death on charges of "corruption on earth" and 559:

after the first trimester, it is considered the murder of two people.

234:; certain military offences (e. g., cowardice, assisting the enemy); " 98:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

4816: 4789: 4691: 4481: 3737:"Iran: Investigate Suspicious Deaths in Detention, Release Activists" 1519: 1406: 936: 722: 399: 387: 363: 311: 243: 235: 219: 211: 207: 199: 155: 4049:"Ali Khamenei | Biography, Title, History, & Facts | Britannica" 2313:"Iran, With Opposition Protests Continuing, Executes More Prisoners" 1871: 1559: 4821: 4733: 4154: 4103:"Two Iran protesters at imminent risk of execution, activists warn" 3575: 1375: 1098: 1063:

of high-profile regime opponents continued until 1998, such as the

928: 673: 572: 375: 367: 359: 355: 203: 191: 171: 159: 1916:"Iran executed over 300 people in 2023, highest in May since 2015" 4743: 4738: 4686: 4681: 4570: 4528: 3755:"Navid Afkari: Trump urges Iran not to execute champion wrestler" 3512: 2953: 1629:", Common Dreams NewsCenter, 5 April 2005. Retrieved 16 May 2006. 1515: 1370: 1300: 1243: 1113: 1075: 1059:

Since 1988, political executions have been less common, although

995:

were executed by firing squad on charges of conspiring to kidnap

807: 778: 762: 568: 478: 307: 247: 4023:"Mohsen Shekari: Iran carries out first execution over protests" 3879:"Mohsen Shekari: Iran carries out first execution over protests" 3661:

Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, Amnesty International (26 October 2014).

3144: 2646:"CHILD EXECUTION IN IRAN AND ITS LEGALITY UNDER THE ISLAMIC LAW" 2182:"Every Man in an Iranian Village Was Executed for Drug Offenses" 2056:"Iranians Approve Death Penalty For Makers of Video Pornography" 1965:"Iran halts execution of three protesters after online campaign" 1620:

China Leads Death List as # of Executions Around the World Soars

1352:

was executed for killing 16 female prostitutes and drug addicts.

2207:"Iranian Lawmakers Mull Ending Death Penalty for Drug Offences" 1484:

news agency reported that the two women, LGBT rights activists

1340:

was executed for raping and killing 16 young boys and 2 adults.

971: 794: 703: 699: 517: 470: 331: 315: 175: 163: 127: 3022:"Iran Human Rights Official Draws Fire for Defense of Stoning" 1846:"Global: Executions soar to highest number in almost a decade" 1084:

One of the most famous "hanging" judges in Iran was a cleric,

4784: 2030:"Iran confirms death sentence for 'porn site' web programmer" 1523: 1261: 1231: 1214:

by the family of his victim. He was rescued from the gallows

1044:. Political executions continued on a lesser scale. When the 1026: 924: 712: 707: 695: 691: 591: 556: 528: 521: 414: 410: 406: 383: 231: 195: 3946:"Iran publicly carries out second protest-related execution" 2454:"دفاع قوه قضاییه ایران از اعدام به جرم نوشیدن مشروبات الکلی" 2428:"یک زندانی در مشهد به اتهام «نوشیدن مشروبات الکلی» اعدام شد" 2254:

Rahiminejad, Esma’il; Safarkhani, Mohaddetheh (1 May 2014).

958:

on various charges of murder and drug trafficking. In 2010,

806:

the convicted repent. On 9 July 2020, a man was executed in

2949:"Revolt against execution in Sirjan-Iran 4 dead 30 wounded" 1938:"Capital punishment: On the way out—with grisly exceptions" 1481: 1177: 1117: 1000: 608: 462: 323: 131: 123: 4847:

Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations

3088: 1010:

Pulitzer-winning photograph: "Firing Squad in Iran" (1979)

5304: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2726: 2620:"Iranian activists fight child executions - USATODAY.com" 1969: 1820: 1180:

is accused of using this form of execution for punishing

623: 1036:

In 1982, a purge of the communists in Iran (such as the

630:

conviction for possession of 5–20 kg of such drugs.

3780:

Mostaghim, Ramin; Kottasová, Ivana (12 December 2020).

2256:"Study of Baghy in Imami Jurisprudence and Iranian Law" 2101:

The figures for 2015 are between 1 January and 15 July.

1146:

Stoning was temporarily blocked as legal punishment by

3420:"Iran bans public executions amid death sentence boom" 3008: 2973:"Iran firing squad executes man who raped 17 children" 1898:"At Least 142 Executed in May; 307 Executions in 2023" 1409:, alleged terrorism, and being a member of the banned 1242:

also conducted executions until it closed in 2005. In

923:

Compared to other countries that use hanging (such as

737:. These are punishable by death or life imprisonment. 4071: 4069: 2883:"Middle East | Iran denies execution by stoning" 2817:", BBC News, 21 December 2004. Retrieved 16 May 2006. 2253: 2085:"Iran executions see 'unprecedented spike' - Amnesty" 903:, on 29 February 2020 Iranian film about executions ( 2154: 1541: 1384:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

1334:

was executed for raping and killing 33 young adults.

3853:"EU condemns death sentences for two women in Iran" 3328:"'Gay' executions imminent in Iran, claims Amnesty" 3182:. The Stationery Office. 2 March 2008. p. 45. 3020:Sciutto, Jim; Goldman, Russell (19 November 2010). 2508:

The Last Holdouts. Iranian Legislation and Practice

2480:"AFP: Iran hangs man who claimed to be God: Report" 1792:"Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran - 2023" 448:There are three types of criminal courts. Criminal 4066: 3782:"Iran executes dissident journalist Rouhollah Zam" 3779: 3611:"Iran: Two More Executions for Homosexual Conduct" 3438:"Iran steps up rate of public executions: Amnesty" 2122: 1477:was executed for "spreading corruption on Earth." 1421:'s moharebeh death sentence for protesting in the 126:. The list of crimes punishable by death includes 3571:Iran Does Far Worse Than Ignore Gays, Critics Say 3322: 3320: 2791:", BBC News, 28 July 2005. Retrieved 16 May 2006. 2684:. John Howell MP. 29 October 2013. Archived from 1872:"Iran executes British-Iranian on spying charges" 1054:secretly executed 2,000–4,000 political prisoners 405:There are four classes of crimes in Iranian law: 5427: 3579:, 25 September 2007; accessed 20 September 2008. 3554:"Iran soul-searching over murder in the streets" 3468:"Everything you need to know about human rights" 3291: 3203: 2804:", BBC News, 22 December. Retrieved 16 May 2006. 2713:, 17 September 2008; accessed 22 September 2008. 2091:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 23 July 2015 186:; plotting to overthrow the Islamic government; 4155:People executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran 3997:"Iran executes 23-year-old protester in public" 3805: 3663:"Iran hangs woman despite international uproar" 3117: 2781: 1159:International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran 4897: 3637:"Iran's hanging of Reyhaneh Jabbari condemned" 3387: 3385: 3317: 3056:BBC article "Iran denies execution by stoning" 3019: 1766:"The Death Penalty in 2017: Facts and Figures" 1643:"Iran - Facts on Trafficking and Prostitution" 5290: 4883: 4497: 4140: 3120:"The Stop Stoning Forever Campaign: A Report" 2875: 751: 3600:, 7 August 2005; accessed 20 September 2008. 1522:in connection to killing two members of the 966:. In 2006, a teenage girl of the age of 16, 350:, plotting to overthrow the Islamic regime, 3382: 2729:, 27 June 2007; accessed 22 September 2008. 2503: 2501: 261:in January 2023, who once served as Iran's 5297: 5283: 4890: 4876: 4504: 4490: 4147: 4133: 2858:"Man Stoned To Death In Iran For Adultery" 2741: 2402:"Iran to execute two for alcohol: Reports" 2079: 2077: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1594:"Death sentences and executions 2007-2020" 1141:International Committee Against Executions 501: 3303:International Federation for Human Rights 3094: 2737: 2735: 2155:Saeed Kamali Dehghan (27 February 2016). 1731:International Federation for Human Rights 1701:. Death Penalty Worldwide. Archived from 1166:International Federation for Human Rights 850: 585: 68:Learn how and when to remove this message 2707:Iranian activists fight child executions 2498: 1744:"Death sentences and executions in 2016" 1380:UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1281: 1205: 1005: 511: 429:, also known as the Parliament of Iran ( 31:This article includes a list of general 4852:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 3516:. London. 2 August 2007. Archived from 3111: 2921: 2742:Bozorgmehr, Najmeh (12 February 2012). 2548: 2546: 2229:"Iran minister: 'Kill fewer criminals'" 2131:"Iran to Hang 300 for Drug Trafficking" 2074: 1686: 1172: 5428: 5306:Capital punishment in the Middle East 4511: 3587: 3585: 3508:"Iran hangs judge's killers in public" 3374:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2732: 2350:"News & latest headlines from AOL" 1983: 1977: 1722: 1720: 1286:Iranians observing a public execution. 5278: 4871: 4485: 4128: 3272:. U.S. Dept. of State. Archived from 3095:Khorsandi, Shappi (12 October 2011). 2330: 2310: 1666: 1664: 1637: 1635: 1480:On 5 September 2022, Iran's official 894:Convention on the Rights of the Child 590:In Islamic criminal jurisprudence, a 265:. The execution was condemned by the 4857:Capital punishment for homosexuality 3943: 3806:Thomson Reuters (12 December 2020). 3417: 2744:"Tehran to abandon death by stoning" 2543: 2304: 1473:On 12 December 2020, the journalist 1222:Criminals from Tehran are hanged in 1192: 84: 17: 3582: 3564: 2112:"Iran women to get equal insurance" 1717: 1437:during the 2009 election protests. 1325: 1123:pit, which terminates the penalty. 698:and considered to be comparable to 441:. The laws must be consistent with 13: 3448:from the original on 22 March 2015 3152:"Iran denies execution by stoning" 2957:. 22 December 2009. Archived from 2700: 1661: 1632: 1226:(and according to some reports in 901:Berlin International Film Festival 508:appeal, pardon, and commutation". 37:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 5467: 4780:Most recent executions by country 3118:Rochelle Terman (November 2007). 2838:from the original on 28 July 2012 2802:Death penalty in Iran 'vice' case 2789:Iran 'must stop youth executions' 2723:Iran rapped over child executions 2311:Fathi, Nazila (2 February 2010). 2004:"Death Penalty For Porn in Iran?" 1733:. Last accessed 19 February 2011. 1514:, aged 23 was publicly hanged in 1238:carries out executions. Tehran's 1157:on 5 July", and according to the 425:In Iran, laws are created by the 291: 5314: 5258: 5249: 5248: 4472:Category:People executed by Iran 4467: 4466: 4179:Politicians and noblemen of the 4095: 4041: 4015: 3989: 3963: 3418:Tait, Robert (31 January 2008). 2815:UN chides Iran over human rights 2128: 1558: 1544: 1356: 1246:, executions are carried out in 946:Famous hangings in Iran include 833:Blasphemy (sabb-al-nabi) of the 433:). They must be verified by the 89: 22: 4832:Religion and capital punishment 3937: 3911: 3885: 3871: 3845: 3799: 3773: 3747: 3729: 3703: 3677: 3654: 3629: 3603: 3546: 3524: 3500: 3482: 3460: 3430: 3411: 3342: 3267:"IRAN 2012 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT" 3259: 3229: 3170: 3079: 3071:. Allvoices.com. Archived from 3061: 3049: 3036: 2987: 2965: 2941: 2915: 2901: 2850: 2820: 2807: 2794: 2758: 2716: 2674: 2638: 2612: 2586: 2560: 2513: 2472: 2446: 2420: 2394: 2368: 2342: 2337:Iran: Kurdish Activist Executed 2278: 2247: 2221: 2199: 2174: 2148: 2104: 2048: 2022: 1996: 1957: 1930: 1908: 1890: 1864: 1838: 1813: 1367:Mahmoud Asgari and Ayaz Marhoni 978: 686: 420: 5216:British Indian Ocean Territory 3490:"Iran hangs rapists in public" 2975:. Asiaone.com. 26 January 2008 1784: 1758: 1736: 1612: 1586: 1218:and transported to a hospital. 489:a heavy volume of drug cases. 417:crimes, and deterrent crimes. 1: 5441:Capital punishment by country 4775:Enforcement or use by country 3241:www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org 2922:Wallace, Mark (6 July 2011). 2554:"Execution of a teenage girl" 2352:. Aolnews.com. Archived from 1922:. 1 June 2023. Archived from 1900:. 1 June 2023. Archived from 1579: 1308:Maijid and Hossein Kavousifar 668:province. Since Iran borders 427:Islamic Consultative Assembly 318:, certain military offenses, 240:spreading corruption on Earth 3881:. BBC News. 8 December 2022. 3715:Deathpenaltynews.blogspot.fr 1746:. amnesty.org. 11 April 2017 1271: 1197: 1164:As of 19 November 2019, the 892:, despite having signed the 883: 694:crimes are mentioned in the 454:Islamic Revolutionary Courts 378:, recidivist consumption of 222:; recidivist consumption of 7: 5456:Human rights abuses in Iran 4899:Capital punishment in Asia 4702:Hanged, drawn and quartered 4230:Mohammad Reza Ameli Tehrani 3237:"The Death Penalty in iran" 1699:"The Death Penalty in Iran" 1537: 1363:Iranian Student News Agency 950:in 1908, and serial killer 800: 756: 370:, producing and publishing 10: 5472: 5436:Capital punishment in Iran 2510:Hrw.org, 10 September 2008 1878:. Reuters. 15 January 2023 1405:were hanged in Tehran for 1275: 1111: 1107: 1046:Islamic Penal Code of Iran 1016:Islamic Revolution of 1979 915: 910: 752:Adultery/sex crimes (zina) 295: 5321: 5312: 5244: 5203: 5163: 4905: 4767: 4579: 4519: 4463: 4435:Mohammad Mohammadi Gilani 4417: 4382:Other political opponents 4381: 4358: 4258: 4178: 4160: 3592:Witnesses to an Execution 2912:, BBC news, 1 March 2020. 1625:25 September 2008 at the 1435:Kahrizak Detention Center 1365:covered the execution of 1278:Public executions in Iran 935:). The victim is usually 788: 4965:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 4521:Current judicial methods 2924:"Iran's execution binge" 1411:Kingdom Assembly of Iran 1403:Mohammad-Reza Ali Zamani 817: 450:courts of first instance 5226:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4445:Hossein Mousavi Tabrizi 2828:"Medeltidsvecka i Iran" 2624:Usatoday30.usatoday.com 1672:"NTC - Bancadati. Iran" 1230:in some cases). In the 1125:Mohammad-Javad Larijani 1052:In 1988 the government 1014:In the years after the 772: 263:deputy defense minister 52:more precise citations. 1486:Zahra Seddiqi Hamedani 1462:On 12 September 2020, 1415:2009 election protests 1287: 1219: 1011: 948:Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri 872:. Iran uses the lunar 851:Offenders under age 18 810:for drinking alcohol. 664:province and parts of 662:Sistan and Baluchistan 586:Tazir/deterrent crimes 282:Baluch ethnic minority 236:waging war against God 122:is a legal penalty in 4325:Mohammad Taghi Majidi 3975:Amnesty International 2709:, Ali Akbar Dareini, 1850:Amnesty International 1770:Amnesty International 1598:Amnesty International 1510:On 12 December 2022, 1451:On 20 December 2018, 1344:Amirhossein Pourjafar 1293:Amnesty International 1285: 1268:the hanging process. 1209: 1186:Amnesty International 1137:Amnesty International 1112:Further information: 1061:extrajudicial killing 1009: 678:Shahindokht Molaverdi 512:Qesas crimes (murder) 496:In Iran (as in other 5410:United Arab Emirates 5140:United Arab Emirates 4330:Manouchehr Khosrodad 4205:Abbas Ali Khalatbari 3665:. Al Jazeera English 3520:on 4 September 2017. 3496:. 29 September 2002. 3217:on 10 September 2013 2089:BBC News Middle East 1727:"Iran/death penalty" 1528:Mahsa Amini protests 1505:Mahsa Amini protests 1499:On 8 December 2022, 1423:2009 Ashura protests 1255:solitary confinement 1173:Falling from heights 964:Nasser Mohammadkhani 735:Mahsa Amini protests 563:murder previously). 352:political dissidence 340:incestuous relations 188:political dissidence 5167:limited recognition 4665:Republican marriage 4594:Damnatio ad bestias 4450:Asadollah Lajevardi 4300:Seyyed Javad Zabihi 4280:Pervez Amini Afshar 4215:Gholamreza Kianpour 3859:. 13 September 2022 3743:. 13 February 2018. 3560:. 14 December 2010. 3279:on 14 November 2017 3132:on 28 November 2010 2961:on 18 October 2013. 2626:. 17 September 2008 1821:"Iran Human Rights" 1512:Majidreza Rahnavard 1457:Vahid Sayadi Nasiri 1332:Asghar the Murderer 1228:Ghezel Hesar Prison 823:Apostasy (murrtaad) 649:Revolutionary Court 269:and Prime minister 4837:Wrongful execution 4749:Suffocation in ash 4605:Blowing from a gun 4513:Capital punishment 4440:Mohammad Reyshahri 4360:Left-wing politics 4350:Nematollah Nassiri 4315:Ali Hojjat Kashani 4270:Amir Hossein Rabii 4190:Amir-Abbas Hoveyda 4109:. 10 December 2022 4107:Al Arabiya English 4083:. 12 December 2022 4053:www.britannica.com 4003:. 12 December 2022 3977:. 12 December 2022 3944:Motamedi, Maziar. 3925:. 12 December 2022 3899:. 12 December 2022 3837:has generic name ( 3761:. 4 September 2020 3741:Human Rights Watch 3617:. 21 November 2005 3615:Human Rights Watch 3305:. 19 November 2019 2688:on 3 February 2014 2317:The New York Times 2209:. 15 November 2016 2135:StoptheDrugWar.org 2062:. 21 December 1993 2060:The New York Times 1453:Human Rights Watch 1419:Abdolreza Ghanbari 1388:Human Rights Watch 1361:In July 2005, the 1306:On 2 August 2007, 1288: 1220: 1129:Shaparak Khorsandi 1031:Nematollah Nassiri 1025:, and the head of 1023:Amir Abbas Hoveida 1012: 989:Khosrow Golesorkhi 654:Mitigating factors 437:and signed by the 120:Capital punishment 5423: 5422: 5272: 5271: 5209:other territories 4865: 4864: 4842:Botched execution 4479: 4478: 4425:Ruhollah Khomeini 4399:Mona Mahmudnizhad 4394:Sadegh Ghotbzadeh 4295:Hossein-Ali Bayat 4250:Manutchehr Salimi 4245:Manouchehr Azmoun 4220:Gholamreza Nikpey 4029:. 8 December 2022 3950:www.aljazeera.com 3444:. 27 April 2011. 3399:. 18 January 2008 3330:. 8 February 2008 3158:. 11 January 2005 3044:The Risalat daily 2928:Los Angeles Times 2889:. 11 January 2005 2600:on 1 October 2013 2235:. 29 October 2016 2036:. 18 January 2012 1986:Albany Law Review 1825:Iran Human Rights 1799:Iran Human Rights 1649:on 8 October 2014 1494:human trafficking 1399:Arash Rahmanipour 1236:Gohardasht Prison 1193:Typical execution 1151:Ruhollah Khomeini 993:Keramat Daneshian 907:) won top prize. 828:Youcef Nadarkhani 742:"Mofsede-Fel-Arz" 461:prisons, such as 439:president of Iran 336:sexual misconduct 180:sexual misconduct 136:child molestation 111: 110: 78: 77: 70: 5463: 5318: 5299: 5292: 5285: 5276: 5275: 5262: 5252: 5251: 5221:Christmas Island 4907:Sovereign states 4892: 4885: 4878: 4869: 4868: 4551:Nitrogen hypoxia 4546:Lethal injection 4506: 4499: 4492: 4483: 4482: 4470: 4469: 4430:Sadegh Khalkhali 4345:Nasser Moghaddam 4259:Soldiers of the 4235:Mahmoud Jafarian 4225:Farrokhroo Parsa 4149: 4142: 4135: 4126: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3836: 3832: 3830: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3607: 3601: 3589: 3580: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3389: 3380: 3379: 3373: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3352:. Archived from 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3324: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3278: 3271: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3243:. Archived from 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3213:. Archived from 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3131: 3125:. Archived from 3124: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3075:on 6 March 2014. 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3017: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2919: 2913: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2834:. 28 July 2008. 2824: 2818: 2811: 2805: 2798: 2792: 2785: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2771: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2739: 2730: 2720: 2714: 2711:Associated Press 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2661: 2655:. Archived from 2650: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2596:. Archived from 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2574:on 11 March 2014 2570:. Archived from 2564: 2558: 2557: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2531:on 22 April 2016 2527:. Archived from 2517: 2511: 2505: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2482:. Archived from 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2404:. Archived from 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2378:. Archived from 2372: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2346: 2340: 2339:10 November 2009 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2290:ایران اینترنشنال 2282: 2276: 2275: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2118:. 19 March 2009. 2108: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2081: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2052: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1981: 1975: 1974: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1912: 1906: 1905: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1796: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1740: 1734: 1724: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1695: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1674:. Hands Off Cain 1668: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1645:. Archived from 1639: 1630: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1590: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1468:false confession 1442:Reyhaneh Jabbari 1326:Further examples 1248:Vakilabad Prison 1086:Sadegh Khalkhali 905:There Is No Evil 874:Islamic calendar 835:Prophet Muhammad 498:Muslim countries 475:Vakilabad Prison 435:Guardian Council 402:and few others. 320:drug trafficking 144:drug trafficking 93: 92: 85: 73: 66: 62: 59: 53: 48:this article by 39:inline citations 26: 25: 18: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5426: 5425: 5424: 5419: 5319: 5308: 5303: 5273: 5268: 5240: 5208: 5199: 5180:Northern Cyprus 5166: 5159: 4901: 4896: 4866: 4861: 4827:List of methods 4812:Final statement 4763: 4584: 4582: 4575: 4515: 4510: 4480: 4475: 4459: 4413: 4409:Sirous Rowshani 4389:Khosrow Qashqai 4377: 4354: 4340:Nader Jahanbani 4310:Saeed Mehdiyoun 4290:Hassan Pakravan 4285:Habib Elghanian 4254: 4240:Mansour Rouhani 4174: 4156: 4153: 4123: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4081:The Independent 4075: 4074: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3980: 3978: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3942: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3834: 3833: 3824: 3823: 3816: 3814: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3594:, Richard Kim, 3590: 3583: 3569: 3565: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3397:www.amnesty.org 3391: 3390: 3383: 3367: 3366: 3359: 3357: 3356:on 5 March 2016 3350:"Archived copy" 3348: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3247:on 27 July 2019 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3122: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3041: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3018: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2812: 2808: 2799: 2795: 2786: 2782: 2775: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2749: 2747: 2740: 2733: 2725:, Pam O'Toole, 2721: 2717: 2705: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2662:on 4 March 2016 2659: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2556:. 27 July 2006. 2552: 2551: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2486:on 29 June 2011 2478: 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2408:on 25 June 2012 2400: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2382:on 28 June 2012 2374: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2356:on 7 April 2014 2348: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2309: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2266:(40): 105–133. 2252: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2127: 2123: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2094: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2039: 2037: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2013: 2011: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1982: 1978: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1926:on 1 June 2023. 1920:Al Arabiya News 1914: 1913: 1909: 1904:on 1 June 2023. 1896: 1895: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1804: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1772:. 12 April 2018 1764: 1763: 1759: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1725: 1718: 1708: 1706: 1705:on 7 April 2019 1697: 1696: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1670: 1669: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1627:Wayback Machine 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1359: 1328: 1280: 1274: 1200: 1195: 1184:. According to 1175: 1155:Qazvin Province 1120: 1110: 1079:Hassan Pakravan 981: 968:Atefah Sahaaleh 918: 913: 886: 858:Atefah Sahaaleh 853: 820: 812:Judicial system 803: 791: 775: 759: 754: 727:Mofsede-fel-arz 689: 588: 514: 423: 392:economic crimes 300: 294: 255:British-Iranian 117: 116: 115: 112: 107: 94: 90: 74: 63: 57: 54: 44:Please help to 43: 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 5469: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5446:Murder in Iran 5443: 5438: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5302: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5279: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5256: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5212: 5210: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4895: 4894: 4887: 4880: 4872: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4769: 4768:Related topics 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4754:Upright jerker 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4657: 4652: 4650:Disembowelment 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4620:Breaking wheel 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4589: 4587: 4583:Post-classical 4577: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4541: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4509: 4508: 4501: 4494: 4486: 4477: 4476: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4373:Hassan Azarfar 4370: 4364: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4266: 4264: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4210:Abdollah Riazi 4207: 4202: 4197: 4195:Parviz Nikkhah 4192: 4186: 4184: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4151: 4144: 4137: 4129: 4121: 4120: 4094: 4065: 4040: 4014: 3988: 3962: 3936: 3910: 3884: 3870: 3844: 3798: 3772: 3746: 3728: 3702: 3676: 3653: 3628: 3602: 3581: 3563: 3545: 3523: 3499: 3481: 3459: 3429: 3410: 3381: 3341: 3316: 3290: 3258: 3228: 3202: 3188: 3169: 3143: 3110: 3099:. The Guardian 3087: 3078: 3060: 3048: 3042:(city of Qom), 3035: 3007: 2986: 2964: 2940: 2914: 2900: 2874: 2849: 2819: 2806: 2793: 2780: 2757: 2731: 2715: 2699: 2673: 2637: 2611: 2585: 2559: 2542: 2525:Amnestyusa.org 2512: 2497: 2471: 2460:. 20 July 2020 2445: 2419: 2393: 2367: 2341: 2329: 2303: 2277: 2246: 2220: 2198: 2173: 2147: 2121: 2103: 2073: 2047: 2021: 2010:. 14 June 2007 1995: 1992:(3): 989–1050. 1976: 1956: 1929: 1907: 1889: 1863: 1837: 1812: 1783: 1757: 1735: 1716: 1685: 1660: 1631: 1611: 1600:. 1 April 2021 1584: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1555: 1539: 1536: 1501:Mohsen Shekari 1490:Elham Choubdar 1358: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1338:Mohammed Bijeh 1335: 1327: 1324: 1276:Main article: 1273: 1270: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1174: 1171: 1148:Supreme Leader 1109: 1106: 1094:Pulitzer Prize 1090:Jahangir Razmi 1020:prime minister 980: 977: 952:Mohammed Bijeh 933:Upright jerker 917: 914: 912: 909: 885: 882: 878:solar calendar 870:juvenile court 852: 849: 819: 816: 802: 799: 790: 787: 774: 771: 758: 755: 753: 750: 688: 685: 641: 640: 637: 634: 631: 627: 587: 584: 513: 510: 422: 419: 293: 292:Capital crimes 290: 259:Alireza Akbari 216:counterfeiting 113: 109: 108: 97: 95: 88: 83: 82: 81: 76: 75: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5468: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5295: 5293: 5288: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5277: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5255: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5190:South Ossetia 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4893: 4888: 4886: 4881: 4879: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4805:Scharfrichter 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4655:Dismemberment 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556:Electrocution 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4507: 4502: 4500: 4495: 4493: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4474: 4473: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4404:Kamran Samimi 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4368:Bahram Afzali 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4275:Ayat Mohaqeqi 4273: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4177: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4150: 4145: 4143: 4138: 4136: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3951: 3947: 3940: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3880: 3874: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3840: 3828: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3787: 3783: 3776: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3732: 3717:. 12 May 2016 3716: 3712: 3706: 3691:. 12 May 2016 3690: 3686: 3680: 3664: 3657: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3533: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3470:. Amnesty.org 3469: 3463: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3414: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3386: 3377: 3371: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3275: 3268: 3262: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3191: 3189:9780215513854 3185: 3181: 3180: 3173: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3098: 3091: 3082: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3057: 3052: 3045: 3039: 3023: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2996: 2990: 2974: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2944: 2929: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2910: 2904: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2823: 2816: 2810: 2803: 2797: 2790: 2784: 2776:(106 KB) 2768: 2761: 2745: 2738: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2641: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2573: 2569: 2563: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2434:. 9 July 2020 2433: 2429: 2423: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2338: 2333: 2318: 2314: 2307: 2291: 2287: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2208: 2202: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2162: 2158: 2151: 2136: 2132: 2125: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2078: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2035: 2031: 2025: 2009: 2005: 1999: 1991: 1987: 1980: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1960: 1945: 1944: 1943:The Economist 1939: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1877: 1873: 1867: 1852:. 29 May 2024 1851: 1847: 1841: 1826: 1822: 1816: 1800: 1793: 1787: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1745: 1739: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1673: 1667: 1665: 1648: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1615: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1585: 1575: 1574:Crime in Iran 1572: 1571: 1567: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1542: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1357:Controversies 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1323: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1296: 1294: 1284: 1279: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1217: 1216:(see picture) 1213: 1208: 1204: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1182:homosexuality 1179: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1119: 1115: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1066: 1065:Chain murders 1062: 1057: 1055: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1008: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 983:Execution by 976: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 944: 942: 941:strangulation 938: 934: 930: 926: 921: 908: 906: 902: 897: 895: 891: 881: 879: 875: 871: 865: 861: 859: 848: 846: 841: 838: 836: 831: 829: 824: 815: 813: 809: 798: 796: 786: 782: 780: 770: 766: 764: 749: 745: 743: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 714: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 684: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 658: 655: 650: 645: 638: 635: 632: 628: 625: 621: 620: 619: 616: 612: 610: 604: 600: 598: 593: 583: 580: 576: 574: 570: 564: 560: 558: 552: 550: 544: 540: 538: 532: 530: 525: 523: 519: 509: 505: 503: 499: 494: 490: 486: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 458: 455: 451: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 418: 416: 412: 408: 403: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 382:, recidivist 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 328:homosexuality 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 304:armed robbery 299: 298:Crime in Iran 289: 285: 283: 280: 274: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 251: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 148:armed robbery 145: 141: 140:homosexuality 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 105: 104:MediaWiki.org 101: 96: 87: 86: 80: 72: 69: 61: 51: 47: 41: 40: 34: 29: 20: 19: 16: 5395:Saudi Arabia 5340: 5205:Dependencies 5135:Turkmenistan 5100:Saudi Arabia 4989: 4739:Slow slicing 4721: 4592: 4539:firing squad 4465: 4418:Perpetrators 4335:Mehdi Rahimi 4164: 4111:. 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