332:
389:
to
Alexander Forsyth's patent for using fulminates to ignite guns being in force between 1807 and 1821. Shaw says he only shared the development of his innovation with a few associates (gunmakers and others) who were sworn to secrecy and never provided affidavits at a later date. Shaw's claim to have been the inventor remains clouded in controversy as he did not patent the idea until 1822, having moved to America in 1817. According to Lewis Winant, the US government's decision to award Shaw $ 25,000 as compensation for his invention being used by the Army was a mistake. Congress believed Shaw's patent was the earliest in the world and awarded him a large sum of money based on this belief. The investigators had overlooked two French patents and the earlier use of the idea in Britain.
441:
accomplished by replacing the powder pan and steel frizzen with a nipple and by replacing the cock or hammer that held the flint by a smaller hammer formed with a hollow made to fit around the nipple when released by the trigger. On the nipple was placed the copper cap containing Shaw's detonating composition of three parts of chlorate of potash, two of fulminate of mercury and one of powdered glass. The hollow in the hammer contained the fragments of the cap if it fragmented, reducing the risk of injury to the firer's eyes. From the 1820s onwards, the armies of
Britain, France, Russia, and America began converting their muskets to the new percussion system. Caplocks were generally applied to the British military musket (the
344:
316:
432:. Other disc or pellet-type primers held a supply of tiny fulminate detonator discs in a small magazine. Cocking the hammer automatically advanced a disc into position. However, these automatic feed systems were difficult to make with the manufacturing systems in the early and mid-nineteenth century and generated more problems than they solved. They were quickly shelved in favor of a single percussion cap that, while unwieldy in some conditions, could be carried in sufficient quantities to make up for occasionally dropping one, while a jammed tape primer system would instead reduce the rifle to an awkward club.
757:
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around 1816 when the patch lock was patented. He says he then presented a drawing to a reluctant Joseph Manton to make a few copper cap guns which were then sold. Hawker, seems to give Joseph Manton more of the glory eight years later in the 1838 edition of his 'Instructions to young
Sportsmen', by stating categorically that "copper tubes and primers were decidedly invented by Joe Manton". By the 1850s Hawker was again claiming the invention for himself in his press advertisements.
271:, ignited by concussion. His invention of a fulminate-primed firing mechanism deprived the birds of their early warning system, both by avoiding the initial puff of smoke from the flintlock powder pan, as well as shortening the interval between the trigger pull and the shot leaving the muzzle. Forsyth patented his "scent bottle" ignition system in 1807. However, it was not until after Forsyth's patents expired that the conventional percussion cap system was developed.
59:
530:
51:
546:
259:, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1807. The rudimentary percussion system was invented by Forsyth as a solution to the problem that birds would startle when smoke puffed from the powder pan of his flintlock shotgun, giving them sufficient warning to escape the shot. This early percussion lock system operated in a nearly identical fashion to flintlock firearms and used a fulminating primer made of fulminate of mercury,
396:, four years before Shaw's patent. Prelat made a habit of copying English patents and inventions and the mode of operation he describes is flawed. Secondly a French patent of a percussion cap and nipple had been granted in 1820 to Deboubert. However predating both of these French claims, the most likely inventor of the percussion cap, according to historian Sidney James Gooding, was
491:), which used a long needle to penetrate a paper cartridge filled with black powder and strike the percussion cap that was fastened to the base of the bullet. While it had a number of problems, it was widely used by the Prussians and other German states in the mid-nineteenth century and was a major factor in the 1866
388:
is sometimes credited (primarily by himself) with the development of the first metallic percussion cap in 1814, a reusable one made of iron, then a disposable pewter one in 1815 and finally a copper one in 1816. There is no independent proof of this since Shaw was advised he could not patent it due
308:
The caplock offered many improvements over the flintlock. The caplock was easier and quicker to load, more resilient to weather conditions, and far more reliable than the flintlock. Many of the older flintlock weapons were later converted to the caplock, so that they could take advantage of these
440:
This invention was gradually improved, and came to be used, first in a steel cap and then in a copper cap, by various gunmakers and private individuals before coming into general military use nearly thirty years later. The alteration of the military flintlock to the percussion musket was easily
411:
in 1830 simultaneously claimed and denied being the inventor. "I do not wish to say I was the inventor of it - very probably not" but then immediately recounts that he came up with the idea of simplifying a Manton patch-lock, which could be troublesome, by designing a cap and nipple arrangement
419:
While the metal percussion cap was the most popular and widely used type of primer, their small size made them difficult to handle under the stress of combat or while riding a horse. Accordingly, several manufacturers developed alternative, "auto-priming" systems. The
149:
727:. Triggering the booby-trap (e.g., by pulling on a trip-wire) releases the cocked firing pin that flips forward to strike the percussion cap, firing it and the attached detonator; the shock-wave from the detonator sets off the main explosive charge.
445:) in 1842, a quarter of a century after the invention of percussion powder and after an elaborate government test at Woolwich in 1834. The first percussion firearm produced for the US military was the percussion carbine version (c.1833) of the
565:
case and made possible the general adoption of the breech-loading principle for all varieties of rifles, shotguns and pistols. After the
American Civil War, Britain, France, and America began converting existing caplock guns to accept brass
298:, due to the need to manually rotate the second barrel to align with the hammer. With the addition of a third barrel, and a ratchet to mechanically turn the barrels while cocking the hammer, these caplock pistols evolved into the
331:
195:
which goes into the rearmost part of the gun barrel, and the percussion cap is placed over the nipple hole. Pulling the trigger releases the hammer, which strikes the percussion cap against the nipple (which serves as an
756:
415:
Despite many years of research by Winant, Gooding and De Witt Bailey, the jury is still out as the competing claims are based on personal accounts and have little or no independently verifiable evidence.
768:
733:
343:
517:
631:
were also widely converted during the late 19th century, by replacing the existing cylinder with one designed for modern ammunition. These were used extensively by the Turks in the
650:
In the 1840s and 1850s, the percussion cap was first integrated into a metallic cartridge, where the bullet is held in by the casing, the casing is filled with gunpowder, and a
275:
invented a precursor to the percussion cap in 1814, comprising a copper tube that detonated when crushed. This was further developed in 1822 by the
English-born American artist
200:), crushes it and detonates the mercury fulminate inside, which releases sparks that travel through the hollow nipple into the barrel and ignite the main powder charge.
796:
229:
producing sparks to ignite a pan of priming powder and thereby fire the gun's main powder charge. The flintlock mechanism replaced older ignition systems such as the
359:
397:
315:
661:
Today, reproduction percussion firearms are popular for recreational shooters and percussion caps are still available (though some modern muzzleloaders use
3156:
1279:
780:
3753:
3679:
3468:
3226:
1199:
392:
The earliest known patent anywhere in the world which specifically mentions a percussion cap and nipple was granted in France on 29 July 1818 to
290:
England. Due to the mechanism's compactness and superior reliability compared to the flintlock, gunsmiths were able to manufacture pistols and
1040:
3372:
248:(1774–1816) in 1800. The invention that made the percussion cap possible using the recently discovered fulminates was patented by the
762:
Alternative design of USSR booby trap firing device – pull fuze: normally connected to tripwire. Percussion cap is clearly labelled.
487:
was introduced in 1855. The first practical solution for the problem of handling percussion caps in battle was the
Prussian 1841 (
3616:
2682:
495:. The needle gun originally fired paper cartridges containing a bullet, powder charge and percussion cap, but by the time of the
3673:
505:
1077:
1024:
3631:
3506:
176:(discovered in 1800; it was the only practical detonator used from about the mid-19th century to the early 20th century).
428:. The Maynard tape primer was fitted to some firearms used in the mid-nineteenth century and a few saw brief use in the
1349:
472:. In Japan, matchlock pistols and muskets were converted to percussion from the 1850s onwards, and new guns based on
3743:
3684:
3463:
3458:
895:
529:
3718:
3411:
3389:
2996:
1503:
851:
1929:
1093:
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3733:
3604:
3545:
3423:
3394:
3346:
3176:
3131:
3018:
2806:
1631:
774:
USSR boobytrap firing device – pressure fuze: victim steps on loose floorboard with fuze concealed underneath.
465:
3433:
2589:
523:
Detail of the firing mechanism on an instruction cutaway model of a French navy percussion pistol, model 1837
2774:
1258:
545:
3748:
3669:
3653:
3518:
3473:
841:
17:
3689:
3648:
3587:
3399:
2213:
2067:
2059:
1822:
1224:
620:
Sniders were purchased as hunting and defensive weapons by
British colonists and trusted local natives.
3643:
3186:
2769:
1391:
1366:
2831:
1203:
3528:
3151:
2687:
1775:
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in place of the nipple, and a trapdoor in the breech to accept the new bullets. Examples include the
3738:
3294:
3088:
2811:
2431:
2233:
686:
469:
203:
Percussion caps have been made in small sizes for pistols and larger sizes for rifles and muskets.
54:
Percussion caps have been manufactured in various sizes to fit snugly over different sized nipples.
1001:
3284:
3083:
2724:
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2029:
2014:
1888:
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2319:
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1965:
1842:
1702:
1638:
1403:
1342:
252:
1044:
1014:
885:
294:. Early caplock handguns with two or more barrels and a single lock are known as turn-over or
3221:
3146:
3116:
2841:
2650:
2238:
2218:
1802:
1719:
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245:
173:
42:
38:
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8:
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2178:
1687:
831:
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1327:
1177:
982:
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enabling them to fire reliably in any weather condition. Its invention gave rise to the
3594:
3540:
3501:
3201:
3191:
3003:
2991:
2609:
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2198:
2168:
1832:
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1979:
1903:
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1827:
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1335:
1119:
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1020:
934:
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632:
603:
488:
473:
365:
180:
153:
99:
3638:
3555:
3493:
3342:
3236:
3136:
3126:
3093:
3028:
2734:
2594:
2478:
2376:
2371:
2193:
2141:
1999:
1989:
1919:
1860:
1731:
1457:
1362:
924:
662:
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617:
595:
579:
446:
1322:
3626:
3621:
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3301:
3279:
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2739:
2463:
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2146:
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1709:
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1592:
1582:
1145:
787:
720:
613:
610:
480:
373:
1166:"Hawker Ad - Inventor of the Copper Cap". Hampshire Chronicle. 30 November 1850.
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2579:
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2334:
2245:
2203:
2173:
2094:
1883:
1753:
1674:
1648:
1599:
666:
665:
instead of caps). Most percussion caps now use non-corrosive compounds such as
655:
628:
450:
295:
87:
602:
conversions. The
British Army used Snider Enfields contemporaneously with the
3712:
3367:
2826:
2784:
2456:
2416:
2396:
2356:
2304:
2292:
2277:
2151:
2136:
2009:
1946:
1934:
1768:
1758:
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1609:
1529:
1236:
1123:
938:
709:
283:
272:
169:
83:
3211:
2848:
836:
708:. Most purpose-made military booby-trap firing devices contain some form of
3573:
3565:
3445:
3384:
3354:
3334:
3141:
2966:
2816:
2574:
2569:
2544:
2539:
2524:
2451:
2366:
2314:
2299:
2267:
2156:
1951:
1898:
1797:
1738:
1714:
1492:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1448:
575:
536:
484:
454:
408:
3582:
3577:
3274:
3121:
3061:
2933:
2916:
2789:
2764:
2677:
2614:
2584:
2554:
2529:
2493:
2468:
2436:
2426:
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2309:
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2121:
2089:
1994:
1893:
1814:
1534:
640:
607:
385:
287:
276:
998:
The chemical catechism : with notes, illustrations, and experiments
58:
3483:
3478:
3450:
3338:
3231:
3171:
3161:
3044:
2971:
2943:
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2709:
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2473:
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2188:
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2126:
2079:
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1604:
1549:
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1539:
1437:
1408:
712:
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644:
636:
583:
571:
461:
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299:
122:
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2255:
2250:
2228:
2084:
2004:
1939:
1878:
1577:
1509:
1467:
826:
719:
at one end. The detonator is inserted into an explosive charge—e.g.,
716:
694:
624:
369:
256:
241:
234:
230:
212:
134:
103:
31:
479:
The
Austrians instead used a variant of Manton's tube lock in their
349:
Inverted percussion pistol, 9.5 mm; made by gunsmith
Correvon,
3535:
3523:
3066:
2950:
2906:
2896:
2891:
2867:
2619:
2604:
2208:
2099:
1763:
1614:
1572:
1524:
1477:
817:
747:
457:
401:
302:
268:
249:
115:
424:", for example, used a roll of paper "caps" much like today's toy
168:
with one closed end. Inside the closed end is a small amount of a
50:
37:
For a description of the primers that replaced percussion caps in
3406:
3098:
3013:
2921:
2901:
2879:
2719:
2446:
2106:
1856:
1780:
1564:
1519:
1514:
1482:
1386:
1358:
822:
682:
658:
metallic cartridges had made the percussion cap system obsolete.
425:
322:
226:
119:
107:
3216:
3108:
3023:
2821:
1587:
1487:
1418:
803:
350:
264:
161:
137:
133:
describes cap-lock firearms discharging a single bore-diameter
2039:
2034:
2019:
1974:
1670:
690:
561:
The percussion cap brought about the invention of the modern
223:
219:
197:
165:
743:
739:
697:
913:"Edward Charles Howard. Explosives, meteorites, and sugar"
148:
2024:
1984:
1413:
1398:
1357:
956:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
724:
78:, introduced in the early 1820s, is a type of single-use
3333:
923:(2). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico: 230–239.
890:. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. pp. 159–161.
453:
caplock Hall rifles, muzzle loading rifled muskets and
1002:(page 494 online, see "LVI. A New Kind of Gunpowder.")
30:"Caplock" redirects here. For the computing term, see
1146:"Instructions to Young Sportsmen 6th edition (1830)"
802:
Cross-sectional view of the fuze fitted to a German
1069:
Pistols and Revolvers: From 1400 to the present day
1065:
715:designed to strike a percussion cap connected to a
1000:, New York : Collins and Co., 1818, page 494
3710:
1118:(3). Arms Collecting Publications, Inc.: 75–79.
237:, but all were prone to misfire in wet weather.
98:system which used percussion caps struck by the
3654:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)
499:this had evolved into modern brass ammunition.
654:is placed on the end. By the 1860s and 1870s,
27:Ignition source in a type of firearm mechanism
1343:
511:Reproduction Springfield and Enfield caplocks
110:. Any firearm using a caplock mechanism is a
2057:
1109:"Joseph Egg - Inventor of the Copper Cap..."
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
2866:
556:
1350:
1336:
1012:
282:The first purpose-built caplock guns were
279:, as a copper cup filled with fulminates.
160:The percussion cap is a small cylinder of
1202:. Militarygunsofeurope.eu. Archived from
928:
864:
551:Loading sequence for percussion revolvers
325:'s matchlock converted to percussion lock
62:Nipples for 4.5mm and 6mm percussion caps
380:
147:
57:
49:
3754:Western (genre) staples and terminology
1106:
910:
647:, lawmen, and outlaws in the old west.
14:
3711:
1143:
904:
883:
407:There were other earlier claims. Col.
3332:
2865:
2056:
1436:
1435:
1331:
1237:"Loading and firing a Snider Enfield"
806:. Percussion cap is clearly labelled.
750:. Percussion cap is clearly labelled.
464:flintlock Brown Bess muskets used by
1019:. Krause Publications. p. 158.
616:was introduced in the 1880s. Later,
574:cartridges. For muskets such as the
435:
179:The caplock mechanism consists of a
1112:Canadian Journal of Arms Collecting
786:Cross-sectional view of a Japanese
693:. Percussion caps are also used in
152:All caplock mechanisms rely upon a
106:charge in rifles and cap and ball
24:
887:The Complete Black powder Handbook
25:
3765:
1316:
1107:Gooding, S. James (August 2018).
1016:The Complete Blackpowder Handbook
337:A pair of caplock twister pistols
1096:. Spring Books. 25 October 2015.
884:Fadala, Sam (17 November 2006).
852:Tubes and primers for ammunition
795:
779:
767:
755:
742:booby trap firing device – pull
732:
544:
528:
516:
504:
460:gave them an advantage over the
358:
342:
330:
314:
191:). The nipple contains a hollow
1302:
1280:"Colt revolver in the Old West"
1272:
1251:
1229:
1218:
1192:
1170:
1159:
1137:
1100:
1086:
1072:. Amber Books Ltd. p. 53.
953:"On a New Fulminating Mercury,"
483:until the conventional caplock
476:were manufactured as caplocks.
1059:
1033:
1006:
987:
976:
964:
945:
623:Caplock revolvers such as the
143:
118:with a cap-lock mechanism and
13:
1:
3519:Firearms by country
3434:Civilian Marksmanship Program
1268:– via The Free Library.
930:10.1016/s0187-893x(17)30114-3
672:
582:, this involved installing a
286:commissioned by sportsmen in
1066:Martin J. Dougherty (2017).
973:at National Portrait Gallery
857:
187:(sometimes referred to as a
7:
3690:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
3588:Campaign Against Arms Trade
1094:"Early Percussion Firearms"
811:
10:
3770:
3644:High-capacity magazine ban
2770:Mean time between failures
746:: normally connected to a
292:long guns with two barrels
206:
36:
29:
3662:
3612:
3603:
3564:
3492:
3444:
3373:Household ownership rates
3353:
3328:
3250:
3107:
3052:
3043:
2959:
2887:
2878:
2861:
2702:
2641:
2632:
2515:
2506:
2407:
2075:
2066:
2052:
1964:
1912:
1869:
1855:
1813:
1683:
1669:
1563:
1444:
1431:
1382:
1378:
1310:Early percussion firearms
790:showing percussion primer
687:rocket-propelled grenades
170:shock-sensitive explosive
3744:Mechanisms (engineering)
1323:How percussion caps work
557:Later firearms evolution
539:, Swiss Ordnance 1817/42
3719:19th-century inventions
3674:by U.S. state
3084:Overpressure ammunition
3019:Improved Military Rifle
2725:Circular error probable
1644:Personal defence weapon
911:Wisniak, Jaime (2012).
368:'s single-shot caplock
3368:Civilian gun ownership
2897:Firing (Shooting)
1239:. Militaryheritage.com
1144:Hawker, Peter (1830).
951:Howard, Edward (1800)
253:Alexander John Forsyth
211:Earlier firearms used
157:
63:
55:
3734:Early modern firearms
2842:Handgun effectiveness
2775:Minute of Angle (MOA)
2651:Ballistic coefficient
1627:Semi-automatic pistol
971:Edward Charles Howard
706:anti-handling devices
606:rifle until the .303
468:'s troops during the
381:Parallel developments
246:Edward Charles Howard
151:
61:
53:
43:Centerfire ammunition
3459:in the United States
3117:Armour piercing
2678:Rangefinding/keeping
2590:Push/Controlled feed
2382:Synchronization gear
2117:Blank-firing adapter
1968: or famous
588:Trapdoor Springfield
372:used to assassinate
3749:Scottish inventions
3551:Privately made
3514:Firearm brands
3400:State firearms
3380:Exhibition shooting
3363:Celebratory gunfire
3222:Plastic tipped
3152:High explosive
2673:Physics of firearms
1308:Winant, L. (1956).
1259:"Britain's big 577"
1047:on 18 February 2012
1013:Sam Fadala (2006).
832:Internal ballistics
704:firing devices and
497:Franco-Prussian War
493:Austro-Prussian War
422:Maynard tape primer
218:causing a piece of
80:percussion ignition
3649:Right to bear arms
3595:Featureless rifles
3541:Improvised firearm
3502:3D printed firearm
3390:United States
3285:Fully powered
3192:Total metal jacket
2832:Stock measurements
1555:Underwater firearm
1451: versus
1206:on 25 October 2018
430:American Civil War
404:), around 1817, .
305:during the 1830s.
261:chlorate of potash
174:mercuric fulminate
158:
64:
56:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3663:United States Gun
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3207:Hollow point
3132:Full metal jacket
3039:
3038:
2997:Tubes and Primers
2857:
2856:
2807:Power factor
2745:Gun harmonisation
2698:
2697:
2628:
2627:
2502:
2501:
2484:Night vision
2048:
2047:
1960:
1959:
1874:Automatic shotgun
1851:
1850:
1438:Types of firearms
1427:
1426:
1225:Dreyse needle gun
1079:978-1-78274-266-1
1026:978-0-89689-390-0
917:EducaciĂłn QuĂmica
847:Primer (firearms)
677:Caps are used in
663:shotshell primers
633:Russo-Turkish War
489:Dreyse needle gun
449:. The Americans'
436:Military firearms
366:John Wilkes Booth
240:The discovery of
172:material such as
92:caplock mechanism
72:percussion primer
16:(Redirected from
3761:
3610:
3609:
3556:Small arms trade
3494:Firearm industry
3345:, and
3330:
3329:
3202:Hollow base
3050:
3049:
3029:Smokeless powder
2885:
2884:
2863:
2862:
2812:Precision-guided
2639:
2638:
2513:
2512:
2320:Rail system
2194:Flash suppressor
2073:
2072:
2054:
2053:
2000:Winchester rifle
1990:Antique firearms
1920:20-gauge shotgun
1867:
1866:
1681:
1680:
1433:
1432:
1380:
1379:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1286:on 22 April 2012
1282:. Archived from
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1043:. Archived from
1037:
1031:
1030:
1010:
1004:
991:
985:
980:
974:
968:
962:
949:
943:
942:
932:
908:
902:
901:
881:
799:
783:
771:
759:
736:
618:military surplus
596:Westley Richards
580:1861 Springfield
548:
532:
520:
508:
474:existing designs
447:M1819 Hall rifle
362:
346:
334:
318:
140:with each shot.
127:percussion rifle
41:cartridges, see
21:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3739:Firearm actions
3709:
3708:
3707:
3694:
3658:
3627:Concealed carry
3622:Assault weapons
3617:Air travel
3599:
3576: and
3560:
3488:
3448:
3440:
3429:Shooting sports
3419:Pistol duelling
3349:
3316:
3280:Rifle cartridge
3246:
3187:Supercavitating
3182:Soft point
3103:
3035:
3009:Ball propellant
2955:
2874:
2853:
2849:Twist rate
2740:Gun chronograph
2730:Effective range
2694:
2624:
2595:Recoil-operated
2498:
2403:
2062:
2044:
2030:Colt Peacemaker
1956:
1930:Dragon's breath
1925:Breaching round
1908:
1889:Double-barreled
1847:
1823:General purpose
1809:
1665:
1559:
1500:Multiple-barrel
1440:
1423:
1374:
1356:
1319:
1312:. Bonanza Books
1305:
1300:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1011:
1007:
992:
988:
983:Percussion lock
981:
977:
969:
965:
950:
946:
909:
905:
898:
882:
865:
860:
814:
807:
800:
791:
788:Type 99 grenade
784:
775:
772:
763:
760:
751:
737:
675:
614:repeating rifle
592:Tabatière rifle
559:
552:
549:
540:
533:
524:
521:
512:
509:
481:Augustin musket
438:
394:François Prélat
383:
376:
374:Abraham Lincoln
363:
354:
347:
338:
335:
326:
319:
296:twister pistols
209:
146:
102:to set off the
96:percussion lock
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3498:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3464:Assassinations
3461:
3455:
3453:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Percussion cap
2984:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2837:Stopping power
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2755:Length of pull
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2580:Out-of-battery
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2204:Forward assist
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2174:Cocking handle
2171:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2058:Mechanics and
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1884:Combat shotgun
1881:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1649:Submachine gun
1646:
1639:Pistol caliber
1636:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1317:External links
1315:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1271:
1250:
1228:
1217:
1200:"Kammerbusche"
1191:
1169:
1158:
1136:
1099:
1085:
1078:
1058:
1032:
1025:
1005:
986:
975:
963:
944:
903:
896:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
820:
813:
810:
809:
808:
801:
794:
792:
785:
778:
776:
773:
766:
764:
761:
754:
752:
738:
731:
723:or a block of
674:
671:
667:lead styphnate
656:breech-loading
643:, and also by
600:Snider–Enfield
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
543:
541:
534:
527:
525:
522:
515:
513:
510:
503:
451:breech loading
437:
434:
382:
379:
378:
377:
364:
357:
355:
348:
341:
339:
336:
329:
327:
320:
313:
284:fowling pieces
208:
205:
145:
142:
112:percussion gun
68:percussion cap
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3766:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Most-produced
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Muzzleloading
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:Breechloading
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Muzzle shroud
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2293:Stripper clip
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:High-capacity
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
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2055:
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2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Mauser rifles
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1935:Shotgun shell
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
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1713:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:Anti-materiel
1686:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
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1307:
1306:
1285:
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1238:
1232:
1226:
1221:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1179:
1173:
1162:
1147:
1140:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1046:
1042:
1041:"Joshua Shaw"
1036:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1003:
999:
995:
994:Samuel Parkes
990:
984:
979:
972:
967:
961:(1): 204–238.
960:
957:
954:
948:
940:
936:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
907:
899:
897:0-89689-390-1
893:
889:
888:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
863:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:Nipple wrench
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
805:
798:
793:
789:
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765:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
735:
730:
729:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:
710:spring-loaded
707:
703:
699:
696:
692:
691:rescue flares
688:
684:
680:
670:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
612:
609:
605:
604:Martini–Henry
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
547:
542:
538:
531:
526:
519:
514:
507:
502:
501:
500:
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486:
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427:
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328:
324:
317:
312:
311:
310:
306:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
273:Joseph Manton
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
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243:
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232:
228:
225:
221:
217:
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177:
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139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:muzzle loader
81:
77:
73:
69:
60:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:breech loaded
33:
19:
3566:Arms control
3446:Gun violence
3413:Jungle style
3412:
3385:Gun cultures
3290:Intermediate
2986:
2967:Fire forming
2817:Rate of fire
2688:Stadiametric
2666:Transitional
2610:Self-loading
2565:Gas-operated
2525:Blow-forward
2457:Red dot
2367:Squeeze bore
2315:Pistol slide
2300:Muzzle brake
2268:Bottom metal
1815:Machine guns
1473:Line thrower
1453:muzzleloader
1449:Breechloader
1309:
1303:Bibliography
1288:. Retrieved
1284:the original
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1231:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:the original
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1180:. Met Museum
1178:"Met Museum"
1172:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1115:
1111:
1102:
1088:
1068:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:the original
1035:
1015:
1008:
997:
989:
978:
966:
958:
955:
947:
920:
916:
906:
886:
676:
660:
649:
622:
576:1853 Enfield
560:
537:horse pistol
485:Lorenz rifle
478:
455:Colt Dragoon
439:
418:
414:
409:Peter Hawker
406:
391:
384:
307:
281:
244:was made by
239:
222:to strike a
210:
202:
188:
184:
178:
159:
131:Cap and ball
130:
126:
111:
95:
91:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
47:
18:Cap and ball
3680:Legislation
3632:in the U.S.
3583:Disarmament
3578:Gun control
3275:Handloading
3062:Dummy round
2934:Cooking off
2929:Malfunction
2917:Field strip
2912:Maintenance
2802:Penetration
2765:Match grade
2683:Mathematics
2615:Single-shot
2555:Closed bolt
2469:Scope mount
2432:Holographic
2422:Finderscope
2310:Pistol grip
2288:Speedloader
2142:Telescoping
2122:Breechblock
1995:Gatling gun
1894:Pump action
1535:Single-shot
1458:Combination
645:gunfighters
641:Indian Wars
639:during the
611:Lee–Metford
608:bolt action
470:Mexican War
400:(nephew of
386:Joshua Shaw
288:Regency era
277:Joshua Shaw
144:Description
82:device for
3729:Detonators
3724:Ammunition
3713:Categories
3484:Gun safety
3479:Gunfighter
3270:Centrefire
3252:Cartridges
3232:Snake shot
3172:Round shot
3162:Projectile
3147:Incendiary
3045:Ammunition
3004:Propellant
2972:Obturation
2944:Squib load
2872:ammunition
2710:Accurizing
2646:Ballistics
2560:Electronic
2479:Telescopic
2330:Recoil pad
2189:Firing pin
2164:Bump stock
2127:Breechface
2068:Components
2060:components
1913:Ammunition
1661:Wallet gun
1605:Pepper-box
1550:Spring-gun
1545:Smoothbore
1540:Sleeve gun
1290:5 November
1264:5 November
1243:5 November
1210:5 November
1184:5 November
1051:5 November
837:Minié ball
713:firing pin
702:booby-trap
679:cartridges
673:Other uses
637:US Cavalry
584:firing pin
572:centrefire
466:Santa Anna
462:smoothbore
443:Brown Bess
398:Joseph Egg
309:features.
300:pepper-box
242:fulminates
216:mechanisms
3524:Gun shops
3474:Forensics
3449:and
3395:Gun shows
3137:Frangible
3127:Expanding
3079:Gas check
3074:Flechette
3057:Cannelure
2982:Gunpowder
2939:Hang fire
2907:Firefight
2760:Lock time
2750:Headspace
2715:Bore axis
2600:Repeating
2550:Open bolt
2464:Magnifier
2350:Auto sear
2256:Wheellock
2251:Flintlock
2229:Half-cock
2184:Extractor
2085:Feed ramp
2015:Tommy Gun
2005:M1 Garand
1940:.410 bore
1904:Sawed-off
1879:Coach gun
1793:Repeating
1786:Polygonal
1710:Automatic
1693:Anti-tank
1578:Derringer
1468:Flare gun
1124:0008-3992
939:0187-893X
858:Citations
827:Modelguns
717:detonator
695:land mine
629:Remington
625:Colt Navy
563:cartridge
458:revolvers
370:derringer
321:Japanese
257:Belhelvie
235:wheellock
231:matchlock
213:flintlock
135:spherical
104:gunpowder
32:Caps lock
3685:Politics
3605:Gun laws
3536:Gunsmith
3424:Politics
3343:industry
3265:Caseless
3067:Snap cap
2960:Ignition
2951:Ricochet
2892:Dry fire
2868:Shooting
2795:Velocity
2661:Terminal
2656:External
2620:Slamfire
2605:Revolver
2520:Blowback
2387:Tapering
2362:Silencer
2325:Receiver
2263:Magazine
2219:Foregrip
2209:Freebore
2179:Cylinder
2137:Rotating
2100:Trunnion
1966:Historic
1857:Shotguns
1776:Marksman
1754:Elephant
1656:Starting
1615:Revolver
1583:Duelling
1573:Cane gun
1565:Handguns
1525:Riot gun
1493:Takedown
1478:Long gun
1463:Elephant
1367:glossary
1359:Firearms
818:Arquebus
812:See also
748:tripwire
683:grenades
535:Caplock
402:Durs Egg
303:revolver
269:charcoal
250:Reverend
116:long gun
108:firearms
86:firearm
3672: (
3639:License
3407:Hunting
3355:Society
3335:Society
3312:Wildcat
3307:Pinfire
3237:Spitzer
3167:Raufoss
3109:Bullets
3099:Wadding
3014:Cordite
2992:Rimfire
2922:Fouling
2902:Gunshot
2880:Gunshot
2720:Caliber
2703:Metrics
2634:Physics
2535:Boxlock
2508:Actions
2494:Zeroing
2489:Thermal
2447:Reticle
2417:Diopter
2392:Trigger
2239:Striker
2214:Forearm
2199:Fluting
2169:Chamber
2157:Tilting
2147:Flapper
2107:Bayonet
2095:Threads
1859: (
1781:Rifling
1769:Varmint
1759:Express
1749:Buffalo
1744:Hunting
1727:Carbine
1698:Assault
1673: (
1600:Machine
1520:Pen gun
1515:Net gun
1510:Needler
1502: (
1483:Carbine
1404:History
1387:Firearm
1361: (
823:Cap gun
568:rimfire
426:cap gun
323:samurai
265:sulphur
227:frizzen
207:Origins
193:conduit
156:impact.
76:caplock
3469:Deaths
3451:safety
3339:safety
3217:Meplat
3197:Tracer
3024:Ramrod
2977:Primer
2822:Recoil
2785:Energy
2780:Muzzle
2452:Reflex
2409:Sights
2357:Shroud
2340:Safety
2234:Linear
2224:Hammer
2152:Roller
2080:Barrel
1833:Medium
1798:Sniper
1739:Double
1715:Battle
1671:Rifles
1610:Pocket
1588:Pistol
1530:Rotary
1488:Musket
1419:Weapon
1409:Safety
1371:topics
1369:, and
1151:3 July
1129:13 May
1122:
1076:
1023:
937:
894:
804:S-mine
652:primer
635:, the
353:, 1854
351:Morges
185:nipple
183:and a
181:hammer
162:copper
154:hammer
138:bullet
123:barrel
120:rifled
114:. Any
100:hammer
3302:Paper
3260:Blank
3227:ABCBC
3212:Minié
3157:HEIAP
3142:Green
3094:Sabot
2827:Group
2735:Gauge
2570:Lever
2545:Break
2442:Laser
2427:Globe
2397:guard
2377:Stock
2372:Choke
2040:Glock
2035:M1911
2020:MP 40
1980:AR-15
1975:AK-47
1838:Heavy
1828:Light
1392:lists
698:fuzes
224:steel
220:flint
198:anvil
166:brass
125:is a
88:locks
74:, or
3670:Laws
3574:Arms
3529:list
3507:list
3347:laws
3295:list
3177:SLAP
3122:Cast
2870:and
2790:Rise
2585:Pump
2530:Bolt
2474:Tang
2437:Iron
2345:Sear
2278:Drum
2273:Clip
2246:Lock
2132:Bolt
2112:Belt
2090:Slug
1952:Slug
1947:Shot
1899:Riot
1861:list
1803:list
1764:Punt
1732:list
1720:list
1703:list
1675:list
1632:list
1620:list
1593:list
1504:list
1363:list
1292:2018
1266:2018
1245:2018
1212:2018
1186:2018
1153:2021
1131:2017
1120:ISSN
1074:ISBN
1053:2018
1021:ISBN
935:ISSN
892:ISBN
744:fuze
740:USSR
689:and
627:and
598:and
578:and
570:and
267:and
233:and
189:cone
66:The
3242:VLD
3089:PCA
2335:Rim
2025:Uzi
1985:M16
1843:SAW
1414:War
1399:Gun
925:doi
725:TNT
721:C-4
255:of
164:or
94:or
3715::
3341:,
3337:,
1365:,
1116:36
1114:.
996:,
959:90
933:.
921:23
919:.
915:.
866:^
700:,
685:,
681:,
669:.
594:,
590:,
263:,
129:.
70:,
3676:)
1863:)
1677:)
1506:)
1373:)
1351:e
1344:t
1337:v
1294:.
1247:.
1214:.
1188:.
1155:.
1133:.
1082:.
1055:.
1029:.
941:.
927::
900:.
825:/
420:"
45:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
