188:. Quebec was dominated by three breweries, one of them, National Breweries, had consolidated 14 breweries that had operated before World War I. Taylor proposed a similar strategy to Brading's board of directors – acquire and merge with successful breweries in Ontario, and acquire and close other breweries to bring under its control some 70% of the volume of beer sold in Ontario. While the stock market crash of 1929 meant that the plan could not be funded by securities, Taylor proposed selling stock in Brading when acquiring firms. The strategy changed in 1930, when Taylor met Clark Jennison, representing British interests, who was able to invest
238:, located in Belleville. That same year, co-founder Jennison died, and Taylor purchased his shares. Continuing the acquisitions process, Taylor made an unsolicited takeover offer to the Cosgrave Brewery and threatened a potential price war. The offer was rebuffed, but Taylor persisted and the Brewing Corporation started purchasing Cosgrave stock on the open market. By the end of 1934, it had a controlling share of 80%. The pace of acquisitions and consolidations caught up with the company. It had to halt its drive in 1932 and return to its London investors to secure an operating loan when their bank refused a
318:
plans to make a national brewing group in
England, similar to Canadian Breweries. In 1960, the group merged Hope & Anchor, Hammonds United and John Jeffrey and Company of Scotland into Northern Breweries of Great Britain Ltd. Taylor would purchase or merge eight UK breweries, among them George Younger and Son, John Fowler and Co., William Murray and Company, Webbs (Aberbeeg) and Calder and Company. The acquisitions completed, the company name was changed to United Breweries Limited. In 1961, the company bought up five more brewers, including Hewitt Brothers. In 1962, the group merged with the large
266:
moved to the Kuntz plant. The company changed its name to
Canadian Breweries Limited in 1937. That year, the company gained control of Canadian Bud Brewery in Toronto, although the company did not own 100% of its shares until 1943 when its brands were discontinued and the plant became part of O'Keefe. In 1952, the company took over National Breweries in Quebec and converted Frontenac Brewery to Carling Brewery (Quebec) Ltd. By 1959, the company had fully rationalized its brand lineup down to six brands: Black Label, Old Vienna, O'Keefe Ale, Dow Ale, Black Horse Ale and Red Cap.
262:'s James A. Bohannon approached Taylor to seek the rights to Carling beer in the United States. In exchange for 25,000 shares of Peerless, which exited the automobile business, Bohannon's Cleveland, Ohio brewery became Carling Inc. (Cleveland) and began brewing Carling brand beer under license. The US business would eventually grow to seven breweries by 1971 when the company closed the Cleveland plant. The US business was sold in 1979 to Heileman Brewing Co., which was itself sold to the Pabst Brewery in 1996.
310:
1959 by Chief
Justice McRuer as Regina v. Canadian Breweries Limited. The company's successful defence argued the rules did not apply to liquor sales, a business sector where prices were already regulated through legislation. During this period, the breweries set the prices which the provinces routinely approved and used their warehousing operations to control independent competitors and keep out foreign competition, particularly that of the US. The products of the "Big Three" of Canadian, Labatt and
117:, the company bought or merged many of the smaller competitors existing after the repeal of prohibition. The new company closed many plants, reduced the number of beer brands and built new, larger plants to produce enough beer for a much larger geographic area. By the 1950s, the company had reduced the number of beer brands from approximately one hundred to six. Canadian Breweries became part of a large
27:
407:
By 1973, CBL profits were again in decline and it initiated an internal shakeup. Rothmans renamed
Canadian Breweries Limited for its two largest subsidiaries as Carling O'Keefe. The company bought two more brewers: Doran's of Northern Ontario, and National Brewing of the US. The company also acquired
325:
In 1965, Ian R. Dowie resigned as president of CBL. He had been with the firm since 1929, had been president of
Carling from 1951, and president of CBL since 1958. Profits were down 3.4 per cent while sales had increased 3.6 per cent. From 1965, Canadian Breweries was headed by president J. G. (Jack)
317:
In 1952, Taylor had worked out a deal with the Hope & Anchor brewery in
England, whereby Hope & Anchor would produce and distribute Carling Black Label in the UK, while Hope & Anchor's Jubilee Stout would be brewed and sold by Canadian Breweries in Canada. In 1958, the two breweries made
309:
launched an investigation into the company, later charging
Canadian Breweries with being part of an illegal combine by its participation in a series of mergers that were a detriment to the public by lessening price competition. The case was heard in the Ontario Court of Queen's Bench in the fall of
265:
In 1935, the conglomerate posted its first profit. The next step was to consolidate the brewing plants. Dominion
Brewery was closed, its production transferred to Cosgrave. Taylor & Bate was closed, its production transferred to the Regal Brewery in Hamilton. Carling was closed, its production
250:
million. The purchase had to be financed, and this time the funds were raised through
Scottish investor John Paul and the London investors. The O'Keefe Brewery on Victoria Street in Toronto would remain in use until 1966, when production was moved to a new plant in northwest Toronto. Also in 1934,
282:
million malt processing plant to supply
Canadian Breweries. Canadian Breweries would also purchase Dominion Malting of Manitoba in 1944 when its main supplier announced it would close down in 1945. It was sold in 1954 to Procter & Gamble. The plant operated until 1991. The abandoned
377:
million in one week alone) to purchase enough of the company's stock on the open stock market to increase its stake to 50% and kill the takeover attempt. Rothmans acquisition spree was funded by other Rothmans companies of overseas. This ended Taylor's association with CBL.
176:'s family owned the Brading Brewery of Ottawa, a brewer since 1867. Taylor presented a plan to the directors to capitalize on the recent legalization of alcohol in Ontario. Brading, while brewing in Ontario, had previously only sold its beer in
242:
line of credit and called in their debt. The Depression also had an effect on beer sales. With unemployment at 19%, beer sales dropped to 16 per cent of capacity from 25 per cent. The Brewing Corporation posted no profits from 1930 to 1934.
334:
million, ending a long period of brewing at the location dating back to 1846. CBL consolidated its brewing at its 1961 plant by the Toronto airport and moved its head offices into new buildings near St. Clair and Yonge Streets in Toronto.
326:
Campbell, an accountant. In 1966, Taylor, now 65, stepped down as chairman of CBL, although he remained a director. Later in 1966, CBL sold its plants and office buildings (the former O'Keefe plants and buildings) in downtown Toronto to
423:, which merged the company with Molson. The merger, which now controlled 53% of the Canadian market, allowed the new company to close plants in seven provinces. In 2005, Molson would merge with the US-based Coors Brewery to form
251:
the Windsor Riverside Brewery was acquired through the purchase of securities held by its banker. The brewery was immediately wound up, its sales picked up by Brewing Corporation's British American Company, located in Windsor.
361:. Rothmans considered merging with CBL later in 1968 as a way to increase its stake to 50%, however it abandoned the merger plan a few months later. In 1969, Rothmans had to fight off a hostile takeover by US tobacco firm
180:. Taylor had studied the brewing business in Ontario. In 1928, there were 37 breweries in Ontario. They operated at below capacity and many were in need of modernization. They were not profitable in general and had only
322:, becoming Charrington United, the third-largest brewery group. The company would continue making new mergers in 1963 and 1964, including Woodhead's Brewery, Lyle and Kinahan Limited, and Old Bush Mills Distillery Co.
226:
Even when Canadian provinces prohibited alcohol consumption, federal law did not affect production for export. For some breweries, particularly those close to the U.S. border, a period of prosperity existed during
392:
The Rothmans management decided to cut its ownership involvement with Bass Charrington in 1970, selling its 5 per cent ownership share. Its also divested its Hare Place holding company for £15.5 million.
277:
million plant for the processing of soybeans. At the time, Canada did not produce enough soybeans for its own consumption, but this would change after the opening of the plant. Victory would also build a
385:
million program of plant consolidation. Later in 1969, CBL began closing its Ottawa brewing operations, closed a brewery in Quebec and moved production among its plants for a projected saving of
389:
million annually. Campbell who had stayed on as CBL president after the Rothmans purchase, retired in June 1969, staying on as a director. The Windsor Carling brewery closed in September 1969.
346:, forming Bass Charrington, a £200 million concern. It was the largest brewing concern in the United Kingdom, with 19 per cent of the market, plus overseas sales of Bass and Charrington beers.
223:, which had gotten control when the company needed money to continue. In October 1930, the company changed its name to Brewing Corporation of Canada Ltd. to reflect its objectives.
342:
million plant that could produce 500,00 barrels annually. In 1967, CBL completed its plan to create a major brewing group in the UK. The Charrington United brewer merged with the
234:
Taylor's expansion was aggressive and, during the 1930s and 1940s, his holding company acquired about thirty Canadian brewers. In 1931, it purchased Budweiser Brewing Company of
207:
brewery founded in 1882) and Taylor & Bate of St. Catharines, founded in 1834. In August, the company merged with Canadian Brewing Corporation Ltd, which owned
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1483:
269:
In 1944, the company opened Victory Mills to alleviate a wartime shortage of vegetable oil in Canada. The company selected a location at the eastern end of
1468:
1473:
419:
In 1987, Rothmans decided to sell its 50 per cent share in Carling O'Keefe, which was not meeting expectations. Later, the company was controlled by
1463:
195:
Taylor and Jennison incorporated the Brewing Corporation of Ontario (BCO) in March 1930 by merging Brading Breweries Limited with Kuntz Brewery of
1478:
203:
from the British interests of Industrial General Trust and Atlas Investment Trust. Immediately, BCO acquired British American Brewing Company (a
231:. Taylor also served as Vice President of Burmuda Export Co., a brewery industry company that aimed to control prices and exports of beer.
1498:
1355:
1379:
294:
was formed to hold Taylor's and other interests in Canadian Breweries, Canadian Food Products and others. One notable executive was
369:
million for 50% of the shares. Rothmans opposed the bid, and Philip Morris increased its bid to $ 15 per share, but Rothmans spent
1488:
1503:
1458:
306:
1230:
Picton, John (June 8, 1968). "MAN IN THE NEWS: Five years of study, 18 months of talks led to Rothmans' takeover of brewery".
1453:
1340:
Picton, John (November 2, 1973). "MARKET PERSPECTIVE: Canadian Breweries stresses switch to running 'Spartan company'".
1404:
136:) that dominated the Canadian beer market for many years. In 1969, Canadian Breweries was acquired by a subsidiary of
707:
663:
637:
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144:
in 1973. After some changes of ownership, the company merged with Molson, which later merged with Coors to form the
228:
327:
145:
424:
349:
In 1968, the Argus-owned shares of Canadian Breweries Limited, amounting to 10% of CBL stock, were sold to
305:
After the purchases of Frontenac Brewery in 1951 and National Brewery of Quebec in 1952, the Canadian
578:
284:
161:
1295:
Lutsky, Irvin (June 9, 1969). "Rothmans' $ 116 million wins fight to control Canadian Breweries".
655:
295:
211:
in Toronto and the Regal Brewery in Hamilton. Later that year, Taylor negotiated the purchase of
350:
259:
137:
129:
118:
357:
million. For the purchase, Rothmans borrowed 50% from its corporate parent, and 50% from the
488:
Canada Bud Breweries Ltd (Toronto) (stock control 1936, closed 1943 and merged into O'Keefe)
1280:
Lutsky, Irvin (July 15, 1969). "Rothmans spent $ 70 million in week for breweries stock".
8:
791:
550:
319:
153:
605:
402:
141:
110:
56:
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tasted more alike and, starting in 1961, came in standardized "brown stubby" bottles.
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industry. The company was founded in 1930 by a merger of two breweries, Brading of
26:
697:
627:
270:
216:
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149:
98:
647:
590:
311:
133:
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338:
In 1966, CBL opened a new Carling subsidiary in Hong Kong. It consisted of a
220:
68:
1262:"$ 130 million cash offer: Philip Morris plans bid for Canadian Breweries".
675:
Vision in action: the story of Canadian Breweries Limited from 1930 to 1955
519:
Brewing Corporation of America (1952; originally partnership with Peerless)
362:
343:
299:
173:
128:
Canadian Breweries was one of the "Big Three" Canadian brewers (along with
114:
1195:"COMPANIES IN THE NEWS: Cominco American and Cominco Products to Merge".
881:
Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International ..., Volume 1
571:
420:
157:
699:
Inflation Or Depression: The Continuing Crisis of the Canadian Economy
446:
Budweiser Brewery of Canada (Belleville) (acquired 1930, closed 1936)
160:. Another brand, Red Cap, based on Carling Red Cap, is brewed by the
1135:
Lutsky, Irvin (July 1, 1969). "Campbell retires as brewery chief".
1162:"E. P. Taylor quits chairmanships of Canadian Breweries, Domtar".
1105:"Taylor Cites Conflict; Dowie Resigns Post As Brewery President".
464:
102:
94:
73:
37:
1310:"CORPORATE REPORTS: Canadian Breweries discloses particulars".
449:
Taylor & Bate (St. Catharines) (acquired 1930, closed 1938)
413:
255:
235:
177:
106:
1380:"Molson-Carling merger meant trouble was brewing for workers"
491:
Capital Brewing (Ottawa) (acquired 1944, merged into Brading)
246:
In 1934, the company purchased O'Keefe Brewery outright for
1356:"History of Rothmans UK Holdings Limited – FundingUniverse"
879:
Blocker, Jack S.; Fahey, David M.; Tyrrell, Ian R. (eds.).
287:
remain on the site which is mostly used today for parking.
121:
of manufacturing and consumer businesses controlled by the
652:
E. P. Taylor : the biography of Edward Plunket Taylor
461:
British American Brewing Company (Windsor) (acquired 1930)
1047:
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574:- an American beer licensed, now produced by Molson Coors
437:
The Brading Breweries (Ottawa) (merged 1930, closed 1970)
1210:
1208:
1206:
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1025:
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996:
607:
Brew North: How Canadians Made Beer and Beer Made Canada
1432:"Quarter Sales Up, Net Off, Canadian Breweries Shows".
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Riverside Brewery (Windsor) (acquired and closed 1935)
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Welland Brewery (Welland) (acquired and closed 1934)
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Grant's Spring (Hamilton) (merger 1930, closed 1932)
821:
764:
452:
Regal Brewing (Hamilton) (merger 1930, closed 1938)
604:
556:Cincinnati Cream or Cinci (Windsor, then Carling)
479:Cosgrave Export Brewery (Toronto) (acquired 1934)
1445:
1494:Food and drink companies disestablished in 1969
878:
547:Black Horse Ale (Dawes/Dow/National in Quebec)
503:National Breweries (Montreal; acquired 1952)
1484:Food and drink companies established in 1930
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1273:
1175:
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1130:
1128:
408:the Canadian license to make and distribute
113:. Under the direction of its top executive,
47:1930 (as the Brewing Corporation of Ontario)
921:"Canadian Breweries shows profit decline".
470:Rock Brewery, Geo. Bernhardt, Preston, Ont.
148:in 2005. Molson Coors continues to produce
1225:
1223:
533:Grant's Brewery (Manitoba) (acquired 1954)
500:Frontenac Brewery (Quebec) (acquired 1951)
25:
1469:Food and drink companies based in Toronto
1325:"Carling plant at Windsor to be closed".
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1474:Manufacturing companies based in Toronto
536:Bohemian Maid (Edmonton) (acquired 1961)
1464:Beer brewing companies based in Ontario
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1180:"Ryerson purchases brewery buildings".
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1479:Canadian companies established in 1930
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792:"The Times - British American Brewery"
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458:(Toronto) (acquired 1930, closed 1936)
440:Kuntz Brewery (Waterloo) (merged 1930)
307:Restrictive Trade Practices Commission
1419:
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430:
167:
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811:"A Brief History of Beer in Canada"
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497:Walkerville Brewery (acquired 1944)
13:
808:
396:
14:
1515:
1499:1969 disestablishments in Ontario
1314:. September 19, 1969. p. B4.
689:
522:Western Canada Breweries: (1953)
351:Rothmans of Pall Mall Canada Ltd.
467:Brewing (London) (acquired 1930)
254:The business was not limited to
229:Prohibition in the United States
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1398:
1372:
1348:
1199:. October 12, 1965. p. B2.
1184:. December 21, 1966. p. 5.
872:
702:. James Lorimer & Company.
328:Ryerson Polytechnical Institute
140:, which renamed the company as
1489:1930 establishments in Ontario
1166:. January 27, 1966. p. 1.
802:
611:. Vancouver: Greystone Books.
577:Red Cap Ale - now produced by
553:- now produced by Molson Coors
91:Brewing Corporation of Ontario
1:
1504:1969 mergers and acquisitions
1459:Molson Coors Beverage Company
1109:. March 26, 1965. p. B3.
596:
506:Boswell Brewery (closed 1952)
494:Bixel Brewery (acquired 1944)
146:Molson Coors Beverage Company
16:Canadian brewing conglomerate
1436:. June 12, 1952. p. 20.
1329:. July 19, 1969. p. B2.
425:Molson Coors Brewing Company
7:
1454:Holding companies of Canada
925:. May 15, 1971. p. B1.
584:
10:
1520:
629:Booze: a distilled history
400:
83:Canadian Breweries Limited
20:Canadian Breweries Limited
1266:. May 1, 1969. p. 1.
696:Gonick, Cy (1975-01-01).
541:
476:(Toronto) (acquired 1934)
416:brands in North America.
64:
51:
43:
33:
24:
673:Shea, Albert A. (1955).
656:McClelland & Stewart
579:Waterloo Brewing Company
365:. Philip Morris offered
162:Waterloo Brewing Company
1360:www.fundinguniverse.com
565:O'Keefe Extra Old Stock
296:George Montegu Black II
192:in Canadian breweries.
152:brand beers, including
71:, 297 Victoria Street,
559:Dow Ale (Dow/National)
260:Peerless Motor Company
184:in sales on assets of
677:. Canadian Breweries.
632:. Between The Lines.
626:Heron, Craig (2003).
603:Coutts, Ian (2010).
562:O'Keefe Double Stout
412:beer and distribute
215:(founded in 1840 in
1406:Allen Winn Sneath,
1056:, pp. 228–229.
981:, pp. 140–141.
568:Old Stock (Brading)
551:Carling Black Label
525:Vancouver Breweries
320:Charrington Brewery
213:Carling Brewing Co.
154:Carling Black Label
21:
1434:The Globe and Mail
1342:The Globe and Mail
1327:The Globe and Mail
1312:The Globe and Mail
1297:The Globe and Mail
1282:The Globe and Mail
1264:The Globe and Mail
1232:The Globe and Mail
1197:The Globe and Mail
1182:The Globe and Mail
1164:The Globe and Mail
1137:The Globe and Mail
1107:The Globe and Mail
1005:, pp. 87, 90.
923:The Globe and Mail
761:, pp. 55, 56.
749:, pp. 53, 59.
431:Acquired companies
168:Canadian Breweries
111:Kitchener-Waterloo
89:), originally the
19:
938:, pp. 76–77.
809:Eberts, Derreck.
796:Walkerville Times
737:, pp. 48–49.
725:, pp. 47–48.
381:Rothmans began a
292:Argus Corporation
197:Waterloo, Ontario
123:Argus Corporation
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298:, the father of
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209:Dominion Brewery
205:Windsor, Ontario
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74:Toronto, Ontario
69:O'Keefe Building
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1410:(2001), p. 385.
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142:Carling O'Keefe
99:holding company
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57:Carling O'Keefe
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883:. p. 466.
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623:
617:
598:
595:
594:
593:
591:Beer in Canada
586:
583:
582:
581:
575:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
548:
543:
540:
538:
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531:
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438:
434:
432:
429:
401:Main article:
398:
395:
186:CA$ 24 million
182:CA$ 12 million
169:
166:
78:
77:
72:
66:
62:
61:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1516:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
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1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
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1449:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1344:. p. B4.
1343:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1291:
1284:. p. B7.
1283:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1234:. p. B3.
1233:
1226:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1139:. p. B1.
1138:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1079:
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1067:
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1055:
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1038:
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1024:
1016:
1011:
1004:
999:
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987:
980:
975:
968:
963:
961:
959:
957:
950:, p. 77.
949:
944:
937:
932:
924:
917:
911:, p. 67.
910:
905:
899:, p. 74.
898:
893:
891:
882:
875:
869:, p. 71.
868:
863:
857:, p. 66.
856:
851:
845:, p. 65.
844:
839:
833:, p. 61.
832:
827:
825:
816:
812:
805:
797:
793:
787:
785:
778:, p. 56.
777:
772:
770:
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755:
748:
743:
736:
731:
724:
719:
711:
709:9780888620798
705:
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688:
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665:0-7710-7709-2
661:
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639:9781896357836
635:
631:
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618:9781553654674
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510:Dow Breweries
508:
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364:
363:Philip Morris
360:
352:
347:
345:
336:
329:
323:
321:
315:
313:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
290:In 1945, the
288:
286:
272:
267:
263:
261:
257:
252:
244:
237:
232:
230:
224:
222:
221:Dominion Bank
218:
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109:and Kuntz of
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75:
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63:
58:
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50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
23:
1433:
1427:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1326:
1320:
1311:
1305:
1299:. p. 1.
1296:
1290:
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1263:
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1231:
1196:
1190:
1181:
1163:
1157:
1145:
1136:
1115:
1106:
1100:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1010:
998:
986:
974:
943:
931:
922:
916:
904:
880:
874:
862:
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804:
795:
754:
742:
730:
718:
698:
691:
674:
651:
628:
606:
418:
406:
391:
380:
348:
344:Bass Brewery
337:
324:
316:
304:
300:Conrad Black
289:
273:and built a
268:
264:
253:
245:
233:
225:
199:, backed by
194:
174:E. P. Taylor
171:
127:
119:conglomerate
115:E. P. Taylor
90:
86:
82:
81:
65:Headquarters
1390:October 15,
1215:Rohmer 1978
1150:Rohmer 1978
1120:Rohmer 1978
1093:Rohmer 1978
1078:Rohmer 1978
1066:Rohmer 1978
1054:Rohmer 1978
1042:Rohmer 1978
1030:Rohmer 1978
1003:Coutts 2010
991:Rohmer 1978
979:Rohmer 1978
948:Rohmer 1978
936:Rohmer 1978
909:Rohmer 1978
897:Rohmer 1978
867:Rohmer 1978
855:Rohmer 1978
843:Rohmer 1978
831:Rohmer 1978
776:Rohmer 1978
759:Rohmer 1978
747:Rohmer 1978
735:Rohmer 1978
723:Rohmer 1978
219:) from the
201:CA$ 500,000
190:CA$ 500,000
1448:Categories
1420:Heron 2003
1365:2016-02-08
1250:Heron 2003
1015:Heron 2003
967:Heron 2003
597:References
572:Old Vienna
421:Elders IXL
285:mill silos
240:CA$ 800,00
158:Old Vienna
410:Carlsberg
373:million (
172:In 1928,
125:in 1945.
93:, was an
52:Successor
650:(1978).
585:See also
528:Drewry's
387:CA$ 2.85
355:CA$ 28.8
248:CA$ 2.07
138:Rothmans
55:Renamed
34:Industry
474:O'Keefe
465:Carling
371:CA$ 116
367:CA$ 130
340:CA$ 2.1
332:CA$ 3.5
150:Carling
103:brewing
101:in the
97:-based
95:Ontario
60:in 1973
44:Founded
38:Brewing
1384:cbc.ca
706:
662:
636:
615:
542:Brands
514:Dawe's
414:Tuborg
383:CA$ 21
375:CA$ 70
312:Molson
275:CA$ 25
258:. The
256:Canada
236:Canada
178:Quebec
134:Molson
130:Labatt
107:Ottawa
1386:. CBC
683:Notes
280:CA$ 4
1392:2019
704:ISBN
660:ISBN
634:ISBN
613:ISBN
353:for
330:for
156:and
132:and
87:CBL
1450::
1382:.
1358:.
1272:^
1240:^
1222:^
1205:^
1172:^
1127:^
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955:^
889:^
823:^
813:.
794:.
783:^
766:^
658:.
654:.
427:.
302:.
164:.
1394:.
1368:.
817:.
798:.
712:.
668:.
642:.
621:.
85:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
