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189:. Camp sessions were typically four or eight weeks. In the 1950s, the camp followed a relatively traditional summer camp structure. Alan Winters served as an early director of the camp. The camp was partially funded and supported by the Jened Foundation, a parent-led foundation that organized fundraisers. Counselors were typically college students who had been recruited for summer jobs.
204:. He asked Larry Allison, a counselor at the camp in Oakhurst, to come with him and serve as unit head. Birnbaum and Allison were interested in developing a camp culture that was less structured than their previous camp experiences. Later, Allison became the program director. In this role, he was "an affable longhair" with a "dry fuck-you sense of humor".
388:. The three-part publication provided an oral history account of the disability rights movement in New York, as part of the Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement Oral History Project. Subjects who discussed Camp Jened were Allison, interviewed by Denise Sherer Jacobson in 2001, and Linn, interviewed by Sharon Bonney in 2001.
264:
was formed by a group that included
Heumann, Bobbi Linn, and other Jenedians. The organization advocated for the civil rights and security for disabled people. Of the formation of Disabled in Action, Linn said: "I think of Camp Jened as the training ground where people learned that they had the same
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Camp Jened was a notably social environment. Some campers saw it as utopian. Former camper Denise
Jacobson said: "It was so funky! But it was utopia when we were there. There was no outside world." There were about 120 campers with minimal adult supervision. Campers formed bonds removed from the
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Furthermore, non-disabled staff came to deeply consider the struggles of disabled individuals. Allison said: "We realized the problem did not exist with disabled people. The problem existed with people that didn't have disabilities. It was our problem." An
African-American counselor, Lionel Je'
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Despite its profound social impact, the camp often experienced financial issues. Allison said in an interview that "money was a constant struggle", and counselors were paid $ 250 for the summer. In 1977, the camp closed due to financial difficulty. In 1980, Camp Jened reopened in
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stigma, shame, and isolation they often encountered back home. Some campers experimented with cannabis and formed romantic relationships. Counselors slept in the same cabins as the campers, and music was often played. Most of the campers were from New York, but some came from
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said: "I had this sense that the world was unfair. As a young teenager I realized, 'Wow, we can actually fight back.'" Jenedians also discussed the role of the family, including disabled people's right to privacy (rather than constant family intervention) and the impact of
300:, aimed to support the independence, dignity, and self-determination of disabled people. It was near the UC Berkeley campus and provided peer-based services to assist with housing and job training. Independent living became a cornerstone of the disability rights movement.
240:, a former counselor at the camp, said: "At Camp Jened we were able to envision a world that didn’t have to be set up in a way that excluded us. We started to have a common vision and were beginning to talk about things like, ‘Why are buses not accessible?'" Former camper
406:. The film features former camp members, including Heumann, as well as footage that LeBrecht shot as a 15-year-old camper in 1971. The film is critically acclaimed and won several accolades, including the Audience Award at the
350:. Linn became the first executive director of the Bronx Independent Living Services (BILS) and in 2019 was inducted into the New York State Disability Rights Hall of Fame. LeBrecht helped form the Disabled Student Union at the
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rights as everybody else, and a lot of the original people were people from Jened." In the early 1970s, Disabled in Action organized protests, such as the 1972 Manhattan traffic blockade to protest
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360:, about Camp Jened. Allison served as deputy director at the New York City Mayor's Office for People with Disabilities from 1973 to 1991, worked to improve polling place
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as a camp for disabled children, teenagers, and adults. The camp was meant to provide a nurturing community environment for people with a range of disabilities, such as
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342:, among other achievements. Heumann became the first Director for the Department on Disability Services, and served as an advisor on disability rights for the
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after she was denied a teacher's license. She won the case, becoming the first person in a wheelchair to teach in New York City. That same year,
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Woodyard, said, "Whatever obstacles there were in my way for being a Black man, the same thing was held true for individuals in wheelchairs."
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values. In the mid-1960s, Jack
Birnbaum, a social worker, came to Camp Jened. He had previously worked at another camp for disabled youth in
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These experiences helped inspire
Jenedians to become politically active. In 1970, Heumann sued the Board of Education for
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1207:"Netflix's 'Crip Camp': From Section 504 to the ADA, the documentary tracks a little-known movement for equality"
1377:"Netflix's 'Crip Camp' praised as 'life-changing, historical and vibrant' as viewers call for disability rights"
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1121:"Crip Camp is a stirring introduction to the summer camp that sparked the disability rights movement"
593:"New York Activists and Leaders in the Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement, Volume III"
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743:"'Crip Camp': Directors Jim LeBrecht and Nicole Newnham's Documentary Uncovers a Forgotten History"
220:, and became a part of the Cerebral Palsy Associations of New York State. It closed again in 2009.
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1352:"New York Activists and Leaders in the Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement: Vol I"
670:"New York Activists and Leaders in the Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement: Vol I"
523:"Behind the Disability Revolution Depicted in Netflix and the Obamas' New Documentary Crip Camp"
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1322:"Opinion | "Crip Camp" is a raucous, vital documentary — whether you have a disability or not"
1232:"'Crip Camp' on Netflix is Another Must-Watch Documentary From the Obamas' Production Company"
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For decades, Jenedians participated in activism and advocacy that led to the passing of the
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803:"An Obamas-Produced Doc Takes Viewers Inside the Birth of the Disability Rights Movement"
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New York
Activists and Leaders in the Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement,
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269:'s veto of the Rehabilitation Act of 1972. The act would have provided supplies for
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1438:"Netflix's Crip Camp Doc Is Just the Beginning of the Story – Here's What to Know"
868:"Netflix's Crip Camp Doc Is Just the Beginning of the Story — Here's What to Know"
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office that lasted nearly a month. Many organizations participated in the sit-in.
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Camp Jened provided a fertile environment for political and social discussions.
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834:"'Crip Camp' on Netflix beautifully traces a revolution back to its teen years"
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153:. Many campers and counselors (known as "Jenedians") became disability rights
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919:"Audio Transcript: Bobbi Linn – DRILM – University of California, Berkeley"
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894:"'Crip Camp' review: Compelling Netflix doc recalls a haven for disabled"
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701:"'It blew my mind': the incredible story of Netflix's feelgood Crip Camp"
478:"'It blew my mind': the incredible story of Netflix's feelgood Crip Camp"
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1177:"The 1977 Disability Rights Protest That Broke Records and Changed Laws"
1294:"Bobbi Linn | Advocate Extraordinaire | Disability Rights Hall of Fame"
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provided mattresses. Other groups that joined the sit-in included the
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Engelhardt, Christopher; Specialist, Communications (16 July 2019).
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In the 1960s and 1970s, the camp became heavily influenced by the
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621:"Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution – Why Camp Jened Closed Down"
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1035:"The Independent Living Movement and Disability Rights — VCIL"
994:"Disabled Tie Up Traffic Here To Protest Nixon Aid-Bill Vote"
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1151:"What is Independent Living? – Center for Disability Rights"
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In March 2020, Camp Jened was profiled in the documentary
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machines and established centers for people living with
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447:""Crip Camp" Archives the History of Disability Rights"
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Historical Marker for Camp Jened in Hunter, New York
173:In 1951, Camp Jened was established at the foot of
313:Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW)
288:By the mid-1970s, a group of Jenedians joined the
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953:"From Noncompliant Bodies to Civil Disobedience"
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249:in how parents treated their disabled children.
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1503:2009 disestablishments in New York (state)
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410:and the Zeno Mountain Award at the 2020
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340:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
331:, the Gay Men's Butterfly Brigade, and
303:In 1977, Jenedians participated in the
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141:that became a springboard for the
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344:United States Department of State
1493:Summer camps in New York (state)
1263:"Judith Heumann | Speaker | TED"
1012:from the original on 23 May 2019
951:Stryker, Susan (24 March 2020).
741:Lopez, Kristen (16 March 2020).
699:Horton, Adrian (25 March 2020).
476:Horton, Adrian (25 March 2020).
311:, a sit-in protest at the local
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354:and co-directed a documentary,
16:Summer camp for disabled people
832:Nedd, Alexis (27 March 2020).
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1:
773:"Film of the Week: Crip Camp"
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290:Center for Independent Living
392:Portrayal in popular culture
212:and other parts of the U.S.
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408:2020 Sundance Film Festival
402:, directed by LeBrecht and
147:independent living movement
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1408:"'Crip Camp': Film Review"
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143:disability rights movement
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376:Portrayal in publications
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1095:"The CIL | Our History"
66:42.198626°N 74.198461°W
872:POPSUGAR Entertainment
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923:bancroft.berkeley.edu
329:Glide Memorial Church
232:Influence on activism
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71:42.198626; -74.198461
319:provided meals, and
294:Berkeley, California
283:spinal cord injuries
202:Oakhurst, New Jersey
194:1960s counterculture
1000:. 3 November 1972.
412:Miami Film Festival
325:United Farm Workers
218:Rock Hill, New York
123:on 8 February 1999.
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37:Rock Hill, New York
998:The New York Times
321:the Salvation Army
317:The Black Panthers
262:Disabled in Action
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179:Catskill Mountains
165:, and Bobbi Linn.
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1261:Heumann, Judith.
1238:. 25 March 2020.
898:Chicago Sun-Times
779:. 26 March 2020.
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627:. 25 March 2020.
562:. 10 March 2014.
384:published by the
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279:visual impairment
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1465:, retrieved
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