COINTELPRO - Knowledge

1027:, a former Black Panther, reflects on how these tactics made him feel, saying he had a combat mentality and felt like he was at war with the government. When asked about why he thinks the Black Panthers were targeted he said, "In the United States, the equivalent of the military was the local police. During the early sixties, at the height of the civil rights movement, and the human rights movement, the police in the United States became increasingly militaristic. They began to train out of military bases in the United States. The Law Enforcement Assistance Act supplied local police with military technology, everything from assault rifles to army personnel carriers. In his opinion, the Counterintelligence Program went hand-in-hand with the militarization of the police in the Black community, with the militarization of police in America." 576:

intentionally disregarded in the belief that because the programs served the "national security" the law did not apply. While intelligence officers on occasion failed to disclose to their superiors programs which were illegal or of questionable legality, the Committee finds that the most serious breaches of duty were those of senior officials, who were responsible for controlling intelligence activities and generally failed to assure compliance with the law. Many of the techniques used would be intolerable in a democratic society even if all of the targets had been involved in violent activity, but COINTELPRO went far beyond that ... the Bureau conducted a sophisticated vigilante operation aimed squarely at preventing the exercise of

1021:. They then intensified this by spreading falsely attributed cartoons in the black communities pitting the Black Panther Party against the US Organization. This resulted in numerous deaths, among which were San Diego Black Panther Party members John Huggins, Bunchy Carter and Sylvester Bell. Another example of the FBI's anonymous letter writing campaign is how they turned the Blackstone Rangers head, Jeff Fort, against former ally Fred Hampton, by stating that Hampton had a hit on Fort. They also were instrumental in developing the rift between Black Panther Party leaders Eldridge Cleaver and Huey Newton, as executed through false letters inciting the two leaders of the Black Panther Party. 3118:, p. 272: "Some 1,500 army intelligence officers in civilian clothing undertook the surveillance of some 100,000 American citizens. Army intelligence shared all their reports over the next three years. The CIA tracked antiwar leaders and black militants who traveled overseas, and it reported back to the FBI. The FBI, in turn, shared thousands of selected files on Americans with army intelligence and the CIA. All three intelligence services sent the names of Americans to the National Security Agency for inclusion on a global watch list; the NSA relayed back to the FBI hundreds of transcripts of intercepted telephone calls to and from suspect Americans." 331:. The tape, which was prepared by FBI audio technician John Matter, documented a series of sexual indiscretions by King combined with a letter telling him: "There is only one way out for you. You better take it before your filthy, abnormal, fraudulent self is bared to the nation". King believed that he was subsequently informed that the audio would be released to the media if he did not acquiesce and commit suicide prior to accepting his Nobel Peace Prize. When King refused to satisfy their coercion tactics, FBI Associate Director, Cartha D. DeLoach, commenced a media campaign offering the surveillance transcript to various news organizations, including 1266:(GOON) squads, who were a private paramilitary group established in 1972 by the elected tribal chairman, Dick Wilson, under authority of the Oglala Sioux. AIM accused GOONs of involvement in 300 assaults and 64 homicides of political opponents. Despite this, The Bureau rarely investigated them and instead used its resources overwhelmingly to prosecute AIM. In 2000, the FBI released a report regarding these alleged unsolved violent deaths on Pine Ridge reservation and accounted for most of the deaths and disputed the claims of unsolved murders. The report stated that only four deaths were unsolved and that some deaths were not murders. 6450: 405:' who could unify ... the militant black nationalist movement"; "to pinpoint potential troublemakers and neutralize them before they exercise their potential for violence "; to "Prevent militant black nationalist groups and leaders from gaining RESPECTABILITY, by discrediting them to ... both the responsible community and to liberals who have vestiges of sympathy"; and to "prevent the long-range GROWTH of militant black organizations, especially among youth". Dr. King was said to have potential to be the "messiah" figure, should he abandon nonviolence and integrationism, and 1156:

employed—including anonymous attempts to break up marriages, disrupt meetings, ostracize persons from their professions, and provoke target groups into rivalries that might result in deaths. Intelligence agencies have served the political and personal objectives of presidents and other high officials. While the agencies often committed excesses in response to pressure from high officials in the Executive branch and Congress, they also occasionally initiated improper activities and then concealed them from officials whom they had a duty to inform.

498: 152:"If COINTELPRO had been a short-lived aberration, the thorny problems of motivation, techniques, and control presented might be safely relegated to history. However, COINTELPRO existed for years on an 'ad hoc basis before the formal programs were instituted, and more significantly, COINTELPRO-type activities may continue today under the rubric of 'investigation." Many of the tactics used in COINTELPRO are alleged to have seen continued use, including discrediting targets through 22: 1009:

Furthermore, the organization created and controlled negative media meant to undermine black power organizations. For instance, they oversaw the creation of "documentaries" skillfully edited to paint the Black Panther Party as aggressive, and false newspapers that spread misinformation about party members. The ability of the FBI to create distrust within and between revolutionary organizations tainted their public image and weakened chances at unity and public support.

343:. Even by 1969, as has been noted elsewhere, " efforts to 'expose' Martin Luther King Jr. had not slackened even though King had been dead for a year. furnished ammunition to opponents that enabled attacks on King's memory, and ... tried to block efforts to honor the slain leader." However, more portions of the FBI letter to King were made public in 2014 which suggested that the FBI's intent was to push King out of leadership and have "older leaders" like 270: 1369:, had an FBI task force come to her house and aggressively question her about a draft bill she had recently discussed which would have limited the use of tear gas against protesters. Reiter had discussed the proposed ban on tear gas on a private 90-minute Zoom call with Bayer and a handful of other staffers. Reiter says the two officers refused to answer any questions about how they became aware of her private meeting. 220:

Klux Klan, the Socialist Workers Party, and the Black Panther Party. The cessation of all COINTELPRO operations occurred in 1971. Despite its relatively small scale (constituting approximately 0.2% of the FBI's overall workload during a 15-year timeframe), COINTELPRO was subsequently subject to criticism from both Congress and the American public for infringing upon first amendment rights and other grounds.

471:(see below) stated that "COINTELPRO began in 1956, in part because of frustration with Supreme Court rulings limiting the Government's power to proceed overtly against dissident groups." Official congressional committees and several court cases have concluded that COINTELPRO operations against communist and socialist groups exceeded statutory limits on FBI activity and violated constitutional guarantees of 1048:, a Black Panther Party leader, was incarcerated for 27 years before a California Superior Court vacated his murder conviction, ultimately freeing him. Appearing before the court, an FBI agent testified that he believed Pratt had been framed, because both the FBI and the Los Angeles Police Department knew he had not been in the area at the time the murder occurred. 1362:, banks, private businesses and state and local police forces about the movement. In 2014, the PCJF obtained an additional 4,000 pages of unclassified documents through a Freedom of Information Act request, showing "details of the scrutiny of the Occupy protests in 2011 and 2012 by law enforcement officers, federal officials, security contractors and others." 1148:

acts on behalf of a hostile foreign power. The Government, operating primarily through secret and biased informants, but also using other intrusive techniques such as wiretaps, microphone "bugs", surreptitious mail opening, and break-ins, has swept in vast amounts of information about the personal lives, views, and associations of

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Nationalist program targeted a range of organizations from the Panthers to SNCC to the peaceful Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and included every Black Student Union and many other black student groups. New Left targets ranged from the SDS to the InterUniversity Committee for Debate on Foreign Policy, from

2499:, p. 196: "Sullivan would become Hoover's field marshal in matters of national security, chief of FBI intelligence, and commandant of COINTELPRO. In that top secret and tightly compartmentalized world, an FBI inside of the FBI, Sullivan served as the executor of Hoover's most clandestine and recondite demands.". 3130:, pp. 26–28: "By March the Hoover Bureau's campaign against King was virtually on a total war footing. In a March 21 'urgent' teletype, Hoover urged all field offices involved in the POCAM project to exploit every tactic in the bureau's arsenal of covert political warfare to bring down King and the SCLC." 950: 902:

and SDS. These racially diverse groups had been building alliances, in part due to charismatic leaders such as Fred Hampton and his attempts to create a "Rainbow Coalition". The FBI was concerned with ensuring that groups could not gain traction through unity, specifically across racial lines. One of

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The Committee finds that the domestic activities of the intelligence community at times violated specific statutory prohibitions and infringed the constitutional rights of American citizens. The legal questions involved in intelligence programs were often not considered. On other occasions, they were

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The FBI has used covert operations against domestic political groups since its inception; however, covert operations under the official COINTELPRO label took place between 1956 and 1971. However, the official chronology of the program is the subject of the debate. According to a senate investigation,

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reservation. Others believe COINTELPRO continues and similar actions are being taken against activist groups. Caroline Woidat says that, with respect to Native Americans, COINTELPRO should be understood within a historical context in which "Native Americans have been viewed and have viewed the world

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Groups and individuals have been assaulted, repressed, harassed and disrupted because of their political views, social beliefs and their lifestyles. Investigations have been based upon vague standards whose breadth made excessive collection inevitable. Unsavory, harmful and vicious tactics have been

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The FBI initiated COINTELPRO, an abbreviation for Counterintelligence Program, in 1956 with the aim of undermining the operations of the Communist Party of the United States. In the 1960s, the scope of the organization was broadened to encompass various additional domestic factions, including the Ku

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Too many people have been spied upon by too many Government agencies and too much information has been illegally collected. The Government has often undertaken the secret surveillance of citizens on the basis of their political beliefs, even when those beliefs posed no threat of violence or illegal

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The COINTELPRO operators targeted multiple groups at once and encouraged splintering of these groups from within. In letter-writing campaigns (wherein false letters were sent on behalf of members of parties), the FBI ensured that groups would not unite in their causes. For instance, they launched a

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COINTELPRO was a program of subversion carried out not by a couple of petty crooks but by the national political police, the FBI, under four administrations ... by the time it got through, I won't run through the whole story, it was aimed at the entire new left, at the women's movement, at the

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Although the FBI officially discontinued COINTELPRO immediately after the Pennsylvania disclosures 'for security reasons,' when pressed by the Senate committee, the bureau acknowledged two new instances of 'Cointelpro-type' operations. The committee was left to discover a third, apparently illegal

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Hundreds of Panthers were stopped, harassed and arrested by the police across the country. Hoover explained the 'purpose of counterintelligence action is to disrupt the BPP and it is immaterial whether facts exist to substantiate the charge'. The effectiveness of COINTELPRO was overwhelming. Many

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reported about the incident: “Reiter said that the FBI’s visit left her confused and fearful. ‘It has impacted my sleep, it has caused me quite a bit of anxiety,’ she said. ‘And it has certainly impacted how we talk. I try not to let it, I’ll just be like, ‘No, we’re going to talk about this.’ But

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Viola's family endured Hoover's claiming that cuts on her arm from the car's shattered window indicated "recent drug use" and that her proximity to Moton resembled "a necking party," despite an autopsy revealing no traces of drugs in her system and indicating she hadn't had sex recently before her

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In 1969 the FBI special agent in San Francisco wrote Hoover that his investigation of the Black Panther Party had concluded that in his city, at least, the Panthers were primarily engaged in feeding breakfast to children. Hoover fired back a memo implying the agent's career goals would be directly

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The FBI and police abused the legal system to harass dissidents and make them appear to be criminals. Officers of the law gave perjured testimony and presented fabricated evidence as a pretext for false arrests and wrongful imprisonment. They discriminatorily enforced tax laws and other government

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The imprecision of the targeting is demonstrated by the inability of the Bureau to define the subjects of the programs. The Black Nationalist program, according to its supervisor, included "a great number of organizations that you might not today characterize as black nationalist but which were in

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The Church Committee documented a history of the FBI (initially called BOI until 1936) exercising political repression as far back as World War I, and through the 1920s, when agents were charged with rounding up "anarchists, communists, socialists, reformists and revolutionaries" for deportation.

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More recent controversies have focused on the adequacy of recent restrictions on the Bureau's domestic intelligence operations. Disclosures of the 1970s that FBI agents continued to conduct break-ins, and of the 1980s that the FBI targeted CISPES, again brought forth accusations of FBI abuses of

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The Constitutional system of checks and balances has not adequately controlled intelligence activities. Until recently the Executive branch has neither delineated the scope of permissible activities nor established procedures for supervising intelligence agencies. Congress has failed to exercise

227:(IRS) audits, and the creation of documents that would divide the American communist organization internally. An October 1956 memo from Hoover reclassified the FBI's ongoing surveillance of black leaders, including it within COINTELPRO, with the justification that the movement was infiltrated by 1353:

from its inception in August 2011 and that the FBI acted improperly by collecting "information on people's free-speech actions" and entering it into "unregulated databases, a vast storehouse of information widely disseminated to a range of law-enforcement and, apparently, private entities" (see

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group provided crucial leadership, information, and material without which the crime could not have been committed, repeating the same pattern of behavior of COINTELPRO. It has been claimed these sorts of practices have become widespread in FBI "counter-terrorism" cases targeting Muslims in the

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The FBI also conspired with the police departments of many U.S. cities (San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Oakland, Philadelphia, Chicago) to encourage repeated raids on Black Panther homes—often with little or no evidence of violations of federal, state, or local laws—which resulted in the

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While the declared purposes of these programs were to protect the "national security" or prevent violence, Bureau witnesses admit that many of the targets were nonviolent and most had no connections with a foreign power. Indeed, nonviolent organizations and individuals were targeted because the

537:. After affirming the reliability of the documents, it published them on the front page (in defiance of the Attorney General's request), prompting other organizations to follow suit. Within the year, Director J. Edgar Hoover declared that the centralized COINTELPRO was over, and that all future 674:

and civil rights leaders allegedly under Communist influence or deemed to be not sufficiently "anti-Communist". The Socialist Workers Party program included non-SWP sponsors of anti-war demonstrations which were cosponsored by the SWP or the Young Socialist Alliance, its youth group. The Black

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Defending Rights & Dissent, a civil liberties group, cataloged known instances of First Amendment abuses and political surveillance by the FBI since 2010. The organization found that the FBI devoted disproportionate resources to spy on peaceful left-leaning civil society groups, including

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One of the primary ways the FBI targeted organizations was by challenging their reputations in the community and denying them a platform to gain legitimacy. Hoover specifically designed programs to block leaders from "spreading their philosophy publicly or through the communications media".

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The FBI and police used a myriad of "dirty tricks" to undermine movements. They planted false media stories and published bogus leaflets and other publications in the name of targeted groups. They forged correspondence, sent anonymous letters, and made anonymous telephone calls. They spread

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Agents and informers did not merely spy on political activists. Their main purpose was to discredit, disrupt and negatively redirect action. Their very presence served to undermine trust and scare off potential supporters. The FBI and police exploited this fear to smear genuine activists as

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personally authorized some of the programs, giving written approval for limited wiretapping of Martin Luther King's phones "on a trial basis, for a month or so". Hoover extended the clearance so his men were "unshackled" to look for evidence in any areas of King's life they deemed worthy.

2675:, p. 236: "The bugs got quick results. When King traveled, as he did constantly in the ensuing weeks, to Washington, Milwaukee, Los Angeles, and Honolulu, the Bureau planted hidden microphones in his hotel rooms. The FBI placed a total of eight wiretaps and sixteen bugs on King.". 4711:

The problem persists after Hoover…."The record before this court," Federal Magistrate Joan Lefkow stated in 1991, "shows that despite regulations, orders and consent decrees prohibiting such activities, the FBI had continued to collect information concerning only the exercise of free

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While COINTELPRO was officially terminated in April 1971, domestic espionage continued. Between 1972 and 1974, it is documented that the Bureau planted over 500 bugs without a warrant and opened over 2,000 pieces of personal mail. More recent targets of covert action include the

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In order to eliminate black militant leaders whom they considered dangerous, the FBI is believed to have worked with local police departments to target specific individuals, accuse them of crimes they did not commit, suppress exculpatory evidence and falsely incarcerate them.

2511:, p. 233: "RFK knew much more about this surveillance than he ever admitted. He personally renewed his authorization for the taps on Levison's office, and he approved Hoover's request to tap Levison's home telephone, where King called late at night several times a week." 1001:

The FBI conspired with local police departments to threaten dissidents; to conduct illegal break-ins in order to search dissident homes; and to commit vandalism, assaults, beatings and assassinations. The objective was to frighten or eliminate dissidents and disrupt their

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issued directives governing COINTELPRO, ordering FBI agents to "expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize" the activities of these movements and especially their leaders. Under Hoover, the official in charge of COINTELPRO was assistant director

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sufficient oversight, seldom questioning the use to which its appropriations were being put. Most domestic intelligence issues have not reached the courts, and in those cases when they have reached the courts, the judiciary has been reluctant to grapple with them.

327:" sent by the FBI on November 21, 1964, that contained audio recordings obtained through tapping King's phone and placing bugs throughout various hotel rooms over the past two years, and that was created two days after the announcement of King's impending 5189: 362:

through infiltration and the "sparking of acrimonious debates within the organization", rumor-mongering, and other tactics designed to foster internal disputes, which ultimately led to Malcolm's assassination. The FBI heavily infiltrated Malcolm's

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on December 4, 1969. Whether or not the FBI sanctioned his killing remains unproven. Before the death of Hampton, long-term infiltrator, William O'Neal, shared floor plans of his apartment with the COINTELPRO team. He then gave Hampton a dose of

1152:. Investigations of groups deemed potentially dangerous—and even of groups suspected of associating with potentially dangerous organizations—have continued for decades, despite the fact that those groups did not engage in unlawful activity. 1062:

Hoover supported using false claims to attack his political enemies. In one memo he wrote: "Purpose of counterintelligence action is to disrupt the Black Panther Party and it is immaterial whether facts exist to substantiate the charge."

2568:, p. 198: "On October 2, 1956, Hoover stepped up the FBI's long-standing surveillance of black civil rights activists. He sent a COINTELPRO memo to the field, warning that the Communist Party was seeking to infiltrate the movement." 663:

Bureau believed they represented a "potential" for violence—and nonviolent citizens who were against the war in Vietnam were targeted because they gave "aid and comfort" to violent demonstrators by lending respectability to their cause.

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Beginning in 1969, leaders of the Black Panther Party were targeted by the COINTELPRO and "neutralized" by being assassinated, imprisoned, publicly humiliated or falsely charged with crimes. Some of the Black Panthers targeted include

33:, hoping to "possibly cause her embarrassment or tarnish her image with the general public". Covert campaigns to publicly discredit activists and destroy their interpersonal relationships were a common tactic used by COINTELPRO agents. 1269:

A lawsuit filed by Dhoruba bin-Wahad, a former member of the Black Panther Party, revealed the existence of multiple programs similar to COINTELPRO including "Newkill" (New York Police Killings), Chesrob (a program focused on Panther

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misinformation about meetings and events, set up pseudo movement groups run by government agents, and manipulated or strong-armed parents, employers, landlords, school officials, and others to cause trouble for activists. They used

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found "reminiscent of a rich American history of targeting black Americans," including COINTELPRO. This practice, along with the imprisonment of black activists for their views, has been associated with the new FBI designation of

440:, a national effort organized by King and the SCLC to occupy Washington, DC. The FBI monitored and disrupted the campaign on a national level, while using targeted smear tactics locally to undermine support for the march. The 4137: 413:". While the FBI was particularly concerned with leaders and organizers, they did not limit their scope of target to the heads of organizations. Individuals such as writers were also listed among the targets of operations. 297:

In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national

3038: 1106:. FBI records show that J. Edgar Hoover personally communicated these insinuations to President Johnson. Despite this, three Klansmen would be convicted in a federal trial for Liuzzo's murder in December 1965. 593:

The FBI claimed that the purpose behind COINTELPRO was to "expose, disrupt, misdirect, or otherwise neutralize" groups that the FBI officials believed were "subversive" by instructing FBI field operatives to:

760:(1969–1974) authorized a program of wiretaps, which produced for the White House purely political or personal information unrelated to national security, including information about a Supreme Court Justice. 5418: 2102:

Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activities, Book III: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of

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have been described as allowing a return to COINTELPRO tactics. Some radical groups accuse factional opponents of being FBI informants or assume the FBI is infiltrating the movement. COINTELPRO survivor

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Governmental officials—including those whose principal duty is to enforce the law—have violated or ignored the law over long periods of time and have advocated and defended their right to break the law.

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Soon after, the FBI was systematically bugging King's home and his hotel rooms, as they were now aware that King was growing in stature daily as the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement.

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Walby, Kevin; Monaghan, Jeffery (2016). "Private Eyes and Public Order: Policing and Surveillance in the Suppression of Animal Rights Activists in Canada". In Bezanson, Kate; Webber, Michelle (eds.).

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Furthermore, the actual targets were chosen from a far broader group than the titles of the programs would imply. The CPUSA program targeted not only Communist Party members but also sponsors of the

1278:(The Prison Activists Surveillance Program), a program that focused on "neutralizing" political activists who were already in prison, many of whom (like bin-Wahad) had been targeted by COINTELPRO. 528:

in March 1971 provided cover for the activist group to successfully pull off the burglary. Muhammad Ali was a COINTELPRO target because he had joined the Nation of Islam and the anti-war movement.

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Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Book III: Warrantless Surreptitious Entries: FBI "Black Bag" Break-Ins and Microphone Installations

552:, and a number of other groups. In 1976 the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities of the United States Senate, commonly referred to as the " 5331: 3254: 580:

rights of speech and association, on the theory that preventing the growth of dangerous groups and the propagation of dangerous ideas would protect the national security and deter violence.

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movement. Internal documents dated as late as 2017 showed that the FBI had surveilled the movement. In 2014, the FBI tracked a Black Lives Matter activist using surveillance tactics which

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has said that it no longer undertakes COINTELPRO or COINTELPRO-like operations. However, critics have claimed that agency programs in the spirit of COINTELPRO targeted groups such as the

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affected by his supplying evidence to support Hoover's view that the Black Panther Party was "a violence-prone organization seeking to overthrow the Government by revolutionary means".

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The FBI specifically developed tactics intended to heighten tension and hostility between various factions in the black power movement, for example between the Black Panthers and the

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and other "alternate" schools, and from underground newspapers to students' protesting university censorship of a student publication by carrying signs with four-letter words on them.

358:. While an FBI spokesman has denied that the FBI was "directly" involved in Malcolm's murder in 1965, it is documented that the Bureau worked to "widen the rift" between Malcolm and 4145: 4359: 6495: 704:(1945–1953) received inside information on a former Roosevelt aide's efforts to influence his appointments, labor union negotiating plans, and the publishing plans of journalists. 1946: 961:, who was assassinated by members of the Chicago Police Department, with the raid itself being a COINTELPRO operation, although there is not proof the assassination itself was. 6304: 3189: 4804: 3027: 2865: 2240:

We expected about twenty Panthers to be in the apartment when the police raided the place. Only two of those black nigger fuckers were killed, Fred Hampton and Mark Clark.

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the main ways of targeting these groups was to arouse suspicion between the different parties and causes. In this way the bureau took on a divide-and-conquer offensive.

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asserts that most of the men who plotted Malcolm's assassination were never apprehended and that the full extent of the FBI's involvement in his death cannot be known.

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Break down internal organization by creating conflicts (for example, by having agents exacerbate racial tensions, or send anonymous letters to try to create conflicts)

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The Final Report of the Select Committee castigated the conduct of the intelligence community in its domestic operations (including COINTELPRO) in no uncertain terms:

255:(SCLC), an African-American civil rights organization, was founded in 1957, the FBI began to monitor and target the group almost immediately, focusing particularly on 73: 2639: 995:

regulations and used conspicuous surveillance, "investigative" interviews, and grand jury subpoenas in an effort to intimidate activists and silence their supporters.

4213: 1259:." Other authors argue that while some conspiracy theories related to COINTELPRO are unfounded, the issue of ongoing government surveillance and repression is real. 3786: 2947: 694:(1933–1945) asked the FBI to put in its files the names of citizens sending telegrams to the White House opposing his "national defense" policy and supporting Col. 7487: 7447: 2445: 5410: 347:

lead the civil right movement. The claim that the FBI's intent was to remove King from SCLC leadership was also previously backed in 1976 by the findings of the

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Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (Book II, Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans)

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Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (Book II, Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans)

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Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (Book II, Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans)

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of socialists, and pushing violent confrontations as an alternative to massive, peaceful demonstrations." One 1966 COINTELPRO operation tried to redirect the

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Create a negative public image for target groups (for example through surveilling activists and then releasing negative personal information to the public)

7537: 7507: 4099:(Report). Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities United States Senate. April 23, 1976. Archived from 2888: 750:. He also requested purely political intelligence on his critics in the Senate and received extensive intelligence reports on political activity at the 7462: 6974: 6627: 6465: 4910: 3752: 409:

was noted to have "the necessary charisma to be a real threat in this way" as he was portrayed as someone who espoused a much more militant vision of "

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and instructed 23 FBI offices to "disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize the activities of black nationalist hate type organizations".

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Hoover ordered preemptive action "to pinpoint potential troublemakers and neutralize them before they exercise their potential for violence."

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Restrict the ability of individuals to participate in group activities (for example, by character assassinations, false arrests, surveillance)

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A March 1968 memo stated the program's goal was to "prevent the coalition of militant black nationalist groups"; to "Prevent the RISE OF A '

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Drabble, John (August 2004). "'To Preserve the Domestic Tranquility': The FBI, COINTELPRO-WHITE HATE, and Political Discourse, 1964–1971".

4740: 4236: 3526: 1656: 3847:(Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement ed.), South End Press, 1785: 7352: 6609: 6154:

Drabble, John (2008). "Fighting Black Power-New Left coalitions: Covert FBI media campaigns and American cultural discourse, 1967–1971".

5173: 4559: 3375: 3336: 3147: 6243: 6115:"From White Supremacy to White Power: The FBI's COINTELPRO-WHITE HATE Operation and the 'Nazification' of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1970s" 1935: 610:

Restrict the ability to organize protest (for example, through agents promoting violence against police during planning and at protests)

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Drabble, John (Winter 2004). "The FBI, COINTELPRO-WHITE HATE and the Decline of Ku Klux Klan Organizations in Mississippi, 1964–1971".

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FBI informant Rowe has also been implicated in some of the most violent crimes of the 1960s civil rights era, including attacks on the

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Examples of surveillance, spanning all presidents from FDR to Nixon, both legal and illegal, contained in the Church Committee report:

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Amidst the urban unrest of July–August 1967, the FBI began "COINTELPRO–BLACK HATE", which focused on King and the SCLC, as well as the

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fact primarily black". Thus, the nonviolent Southern Christian Leadership Conference was labeled as a Black Nationalist "Hate Group".

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by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir,

192:. Common tactics used by COINTELPRO were perjury, witness harassment, witness intimidation, and withholding of exculpatory evidence. 4627: 3537: 2336: 1207:

was killed by the FBI's hostage rescue team in 2005, his death described by a United Nations special committee as an assassination.

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Drabble, John (January 2008). "The FBI, COINTELPRO-WHITE HATE and the Decline Ku Klux Klan Organizations in Alabama, 1964–1971".

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social/political movement, which included antiwar, community, and religious groups (1968). A later investigation by the Senate's

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Restrict access to public resources (for example, by pressuring non-profit organizations to cut off funding or material support)

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it's in my mind all the time.’” A spokesperson for the FBI declined to comment on the record, as did a spokesperson for Zoom.

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Committee on Government Operations. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. Hearings on Riots, Civil and Criminal Disorders

5993: 5969: 5925: 5906: 5887: 5866: 5847: 5826: 5798: 5779: 5738: 5711: 5682: 5307: 5282: 5212: 4179: 4059: 3369: 3330: 2792: 2741: 2699: 2587: 2252: 2225: 2184: 2147: 2056: 1911: 638: 565: 5119: 2631: 7286: 6480: 4203: 1781: 3998: 3782: 1128:

that targeted groups, activists, and leaders involved in the Anti-War Movement, using both intimidation and violent acts.

516:, took several dossiers, and exposed the program by passing this material to news agencies. The boxing match known as the 7041: 6592: 6475: 2958: 746:(1963–1969) asked the FBI to conduct "name checks" of his critics and members of the staff of his 1964 opponent, Senator 429: 379: 364: 293:, Hoover singled out King as a major target for COINTELPRO. Under pressure from Hoover to focus on King, Sullivan wrote: 5273:

Bin Wahad, Dhoruba; Abu-Jamal, Mumia; Shakur, Assata (1993). Fletcher, Jim; Jones, Tanaquil; Lotringer, Sylvère (eds.).

2437: 910:. Many techniques were used to accomplish this task. "These included promoting splits among antiwar forces, encouraging 6821: 6786: 5947: 5598: 5183: 4838: 4750: 4637: 4614:

power—and raised questions of whether reforms of the 1970s had successfully exorcised the ghost of FBI Director Hoover.

4569: 3959: 3934: 3852: 3729: 3721:

From the Bullet to the Ballot: The Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party and Racial Coalition Politics in Chicago

3092: 2299: 2031: 1883: 1355: 1338: 1114: 6176: 5449: 3215: 3004: 7187: 6632: 6619: 5019: 4979: 4696: 4598: 4530: 4455: 4428: 3578: 6344:

Final Report – Book III, Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans

740:

and an electronic listening device targeting a congressman, both of which yielded information of a political nature.

7222: 7147: 6989: 6582: 5243: 832: 368: 145: 6342:

U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities.

6335:

U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities.

6328:

U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities.

6321:

U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities.

6218: 5644: 564:), launched a major investigation of the FBI and COINTELPRO. Many released documents have been partly or entirely 319:

asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian

6403: 4854: 3884: 3144:"FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership" 2171:

Orr, Martin (2010). "The Failure of Neoliberal Globalization and the End of Empire". In Berberoglu, Berch (ed.).

906:

The COINTELPRO documents show numerous cases of the FBI's intentions to prevent and disrupt protests against the

383: 53: 531:

Many news organizations initially refused to immediately publish the information, with the notable exception of

7472: 7467: 7089: 6831: 3769: 1845: 1263: 1214:, convicted on arson charges, was released after documents emerged demonstrating that the FBI informant in his 1198:-winning journalist and author—for more than two decades. "Counterterrorism" guidelines implemented during the 6352:. United States Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd Session, April 26 (legislative day, April 14), 1976. . Archived at 5143:"One key to litigating against government prosecution of dissidents: Understanding the underlying assumptions" 4499: 305:

In the mid-1960s, King began to publicly criticize the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of

6587: 6394: 6350:

Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities

5588: 1251: 5814:

Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars Against The Black Panther Party and The American Indian Movement

5355:"FBI Tracked an Activist Involved With Black Lives Matter as They Travelled Across the U.S., Documents Show" 4444:

Andrews, Bruce (1980). "Privacy and the protection of national security". In Bier, William Christian (ed.).

3638:

Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement

501:

The building broken into by the Citizen's Commission to Investigate the FBI, at One Veterans Square, Media,

7517: 6995: 6851: 6791: 6574: 6522: 5674:

Bobby and J. Edgar: The Historic Face-Off Between the Kennedys and J. Edgar Hoover That Transformed America

5354: 4020: 3910: 1808: 1623: 1024: 133: 3170: 1031:

police killing many members of the Black Panther Party, most notably Chicago Black Panther Party Chairman

444:

was another targeted organization, wherein the FBI collaborated to destroy the party from the inside out.

7512: 6880: 6856: 6816: 6512: 6429: 2919: 2289: 1383: 938: 899: 795: 604:

Create dissension between groups (for example, by spreading rumors that other groups were stealing money)

421: 387: 6283: 6238: 6233: 5519: 5048:

Woidat, Caroline M. (2006). "The Truth Is on the Reservation: American Indians and Conspiracy Culture".

2101: 1736: 7497: 6836: 6796: 6604: 6539: 6434: 5544: 5472: 4940: 4471: 3438: 3419: 2023: 1628: 887: 751: 173: 6364: 1597: 585:

From 1936 through 1976, the domestic operations were increased against political and anti-war groups.

6695: 6411: 4100: 3817: 3490: 3479: 3468: 2400: 1299: 1220: 847: 691: 437: 125: 6273: 6248: 6228: 5520:"The FBI vs. Occupy: Secret Docs Reveal "Counterterrorism" Monitoring of OWS from Its Earliest Days" 3457: 6958: 6806: 6771: 6490: 6424: 6419: 1679:, a similar classified Canadian program which focused primarily on communists and crypto-communists 1247: 1175: 1125: 930: 815: 425: 395: 224: 105: 6362:

Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities:

6278: 6268: 5562: 4113:

FBI document, 27 May 1969, "Director FBI to SAC San Francisco", available at the FBI reading room.

2467: 7172: 7142: 7034: 6900: 6801: 6781: 6660: 6552: 6016: 3744: 2948:"Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1" 1617: 1586: 1359: 1342: 650:

whole black movement, it was extremely broad. Its actions went as far as political assassination.

57: 6258: 6223: 5839:

The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Dissent in the United States

5614: 4244: 3523: 2780:

The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Dissent in the United States

1529: 1204: 1055:", which were warrantless surreptitious entries, against the targeted groups and their members. 7010: 6439: 4123: 1775: 1494: 1215: 861: 783: 737: 710:(1953–1961) received reports on purely political and social contacts with foreign officials by 544:

Additional documents were revealed in the course of separate lawsuits filed against the FBI by

476: 278: 264: 85: 3749: 3655:"Earth First! Takes the FBI to Court: Judi Bari and Darryl Cherney's Case Heard after 12 Years 3359: 3320: 3143: 2733: 2727: 2176: 2139: 7421: 6885: 6811: 6357: 5837: 3719: 2778: 2352: 2017: 1899: 1666: 1103: 779: 153: 77: 41: 7347: 7330: 7303: 7066: 6841: 6690: 6557: 5812: 4122:

FBI document, 16 September 1970, Director FBI to SAC's in Baltimore, Detroit, Los Angeles,

2213: 1965:"U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study" 1608: 1479: 854: 707: 517: 81: 6263: 3603:

Break-Ins, Death Threats, and the FBI: The Covert War Against the Central America Movement

2438:"COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying & Disruption – In Black & White: The F.B.I. Papers" 898:

campaign specifically to alienate the Black Panther Party from the Mau Maus, Young Lords,

8: 7522: 7409: 7313: 7061: 6846: 6826: 6507: 4208: 3534: 1246:

tribe's reservation land, and that this motivated a larger government conspiracy against

1095: 1052: 958: 730: 538: 533: 513: 460: 441: 324: 311: 274: 203: 136:). Although the program primarily focused on organizations that were part of the broader 121: 93: 69: 45: 30: 2316: 1831: 7298: 7265: 7239: 7217: 7212: 7182: 7167: 7027: 6529: 6142: 6134: 6101: 6093: 6064: 5983: 5008: 4797:"Role of FBI informant in eco-terrorism case probed after documents hint at entrapment" 4587: 4389: 4354: 4041: 3680: 3545: 3285: 2084: 1976: 1698: 1307: 1288: 1283: 1094:, an acknowledged FBI informant. The FBI spread rumors that Liuzzo was a member of the 719: 416:

This program coincided with a broader federal effort to prepare military responses for

5142: 4138:"A white mother went to Alabama to fight for civil rights. The Klan killed her for it" 3974: 3654: 7414: 7083: 6942: 6912: 6387: 6353: 6146: 6105: 6068: 5989: 5965: 5943: 5921: 5902: 5883: 5877: 5862: 5859:

There's Something Happening Here: The New Left, The Klan, and FBI Counterintelligence

5843: 5822: 5794: 5775: 5744: 5734: 5717: 5707: 5688: 5678: 5672: 5594: 5303: 5278: 5179: 5061: 5025: 5015: 5003: 4985: 4975: 4834: 4746: 4702: 4692: 4633: 4604: 4594: 4565: 4536: 4526: 4451: 4424: 4296: 4278: 4185: 4175: 4055: 4045: 3955: 3930: 3858: 3848: 3765: 3725: 3688: 3584: 3574: 3501: 3365: 3326: 3098: 3088: 2788: 2747: 2737: 2705: 2695: 2593: 2583: 2328: 2295: 2231: 2221: 2190: 2180: 2153: 2143: 2062: 2052: 2027: 1917: 1907: 1879: 1838: 1685:, police intelligence/anti-dissident units which were later operated under COINTELPRO 1580: 1484: 1449: 1414: 1256: 1235: 1099: 868: 801: 733: 715: 695: 472: 328: 207: 161: 113: 6114: 5244:"Accounting For Native American Deaths, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota" 4657: 3085:

The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Domestic Dissent

2373: 7379: 7111: 6163: 6126: 6085: 6056: 5213:"Unsolved deaths debunked by FBI Case by case examination puts some rumors to rest" 5057: 4652: 4416: 4272: 3512: 2831: 1745:

Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans – Church Committee final report

1743: 1661: 1567: 1464: 1434: 1346: 1319: 1311: 1191: 1149: 1140: 1091: 757: 655: 553: 492: 468: 348: 97: 49: 6372: 5703:

The Last Crusade: Martin Luther King, Jr., the FBI, and the Poor People's Campaign

5275:

Still Black, still strong: survivors of the U.S. war against Black revolutionaries

5220: 3556: 1287:

characterized the FBI as still engaging in COINTELPRO behavior by surveilling the

7399: 7374: 7308: 7270: 7207: 6922: 5957: 5818: 5701: 5563:"FBI Questioned a Michigan Senate Staffer After Zoom Call About Banning Tear Gas" 5324:"COINTELPRO Continues As Documents Reveal FBI Surveillance of Black Lives Matter" 5300:

Tip of the spear: black radicalism, prison repression, and the long attica revolt

5111: 4445: 4420: 4327:"On this day in 1965: KKK members are convicted of killing civil rights activist" 4049: 3981: 3914: 3866: 3756: 3662: 3641: 3606: 3552: 3541: 3530: 3519: 3508: 3497: 3486: 3475: 3464: 3193: 3179: 2784: 2689: 2173:

Globalization in the 21st Century: Labor, Capital, and the State on a World Scale

1693: 1575: 1514: 1499: 1439: 1394: 1389: 1350: 1315: 1018: 1014: 988:

to create suspicion about targeted activists, sometimes with lethal consequences.

821: 747: 726: 676: 577: 456: 433: 391: 359: 260: 232: 198: 189: 185: 164:, preventing violence, and maintaining the existing social and political order". 89: 5590:

F.B. Eyes: How J. Edgar Hoover's Ghostreaders Framed African American Literature

4855:"Fake terror plots, paid informants: the tactics of FBI 'entrapment' questioned" 4126:, San Francisco, and Washington Field Office. Available at the FBI reading room. 56:(FBI) aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting American 7077: 6639: 6047: 5808: 3994: 3080: 2774: 1639: 1549: 1524: 1519: 1474: 1366: 1327: 1227: 1195: 1110: 879: 743: 711: 701: 181: 6253: 6089: 5748: 3397: 3245:"In 1971, Muhammad Ali Helped Undermine the FBI's Illegal Spying on Americans" 2157: 7436: 7357: 7325: 7227: 7202: 7121: 6979: 6890: 6746: 5935: 5918:

War at Home: Covert Action Against U.S. Activists and What We Can Do About It

5721: 5692: 5075: 4826: 4629:

Spies, Wiretaps, and Secret Operations: An Encyclopedia of American Espionage

3918: 3692: 3249: 3240: 2709: 2685: 2597: 2422:

organizations were destabilized with arrests, raids, break-ins, and killings.

2332: 2194: 2066: 1921: 1544: 1469: 1429: 1404: 1293: 1271: 1243: 1199: 1120:

The ACLU has claimed the FBI supported an extreme right-wing group of former

985: 883: 497: 320: 256: 244: 177: 157: 101: 5112:"The X-Files Movie: Facilitating Fanciful Fun, or Fueling Fear and Fascism?" 5029: 4706: 4608: 4540: 4189: 3870: 3862: 3588: 3207: 3102: 2751: 2235: 7404: 7192: 7177: 7116: 7101: 7094: 6984: 6937: 6932: 6917: 6680: 6380: 6337:

Final Report – Book II, Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans

6323:

Hearings – The National Security Agency and Fourth Amendment Rights. Vol. 6

6298:

Hearings on Domestic Intelligence Operations for Internal Security Purposes

6167: 5441: 4989: 3926: 2996: 2823: 2580:

Black Maverick: T. R. M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power

1554: 1504: 1454: 1419: 1399: 1211: 1179: 1087: 1083: 1082:

In one particularly controversial 1965 incident, white civil rights worker

1075: 1037: 1032: 954: 934: 825: 634: 557: 521: 502: 452: 236: 169: 141: 117: 21: 6060: 6013:

Spying on Americans: Political Surveillance from Hoover to the Huston Plan

52:

and illegal projects conducted between 1956 and 1971 by the United States

7394: 7260: 7106: 6927: 6907: 6685: 6547: 5251: 4972:

Blood of the Land: The Government and Corporate War Against First Nations

1671: 1539: 1534: 1323: 1262:

FBI Agent Richard G. Held is known to have increased FBI support for the

1045: 949: 911: 907: 875: 808: 642: 630: 525: 417: 410: 344: 248: 240: 129: 26: 6138: 6097: 4885:"How a suicidal pizza man found himself ensnared in an FBI terror sting" 4767:"UN General Assembly Committee urges self-determination for Puerto Rico" 4172:

The Informant: The FBI, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Murder of Viola Liuzzo

2049:

White Robes and Burning Crosses: A History of the Ku Klux Klan from 1866

1980: 1964: 1365:

In October 2020, Katie Reiter, chief of staff to Michigan state Senator

857:, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation. 672:

National Committee to Abolish the House Un-American Activities Committee

7389: 7362: 7342: 7249: 6864: 6564: 6130: 5979: 5636: 5473:"The FBI Has a Long History of Treating Political Dissent as Terrorism" 2723: 1708: 1489: 1459: 1424: 1333:

In December 2012, the FBI released redacted documents in response to a

1231: 764:

Groups that were known to be targets of COINTELPRO operations include:

406: 316: 269: 228: 61: 6177:"Why We Should Teach About the FBI's War on the Civil Rights Movement" 5503:

F.B.I. Counterterrorism Agents Monitored Occupy Movement, Records Show

2924:. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Lecture. Princeton Theological Seminary. 7384: 7197: 7126: 7050: 6895: 4086:

FBI document, 19 July 1966, DeLoach to Sullivan re: "Black Bag" Jobs.

2858:"FBI should acknowledge complicity in the assassination of Malcolm X" 2291:

Prison Power: How Prison Influenced the Movement for Black Liberation

1682: 1613: 1572:, 2014 documentary film on the break-in that first exposed COINTELPRO 1509: 1444: 1409: 1345:, the executive director of PCJF, said the documents showed that FBI 772: 768: 622:

At its inception, the program's main target was the Communist Party.

432:. The CIA launched its own domestic espionage project in 1967 called 355: 306: 281:. King interpreted the letter as an effort to persuade him to commit 160:. According to a Senate report, the FBI's motivation was "protecting 6213: 4689:

The Price of Dissent: Testimonies to Political Repression in America

4523:

The Price of Dissent: Testimonies to Political Repression in America

3818:"The FBI'S Covert Action Program to Destroy the Black Panther Party" 2545: 25:

COINTELPRO memo proposing a plan to expose the pregnancy of actress

7232: 4491: 3761: 1703: 1688: 1603: 1275: 839: 464: 333: 137: 65: 5411:"The FBI's New U.S. Terrorist Threat: 'Black Identity Extremists'" 7318: 4350:"A.C.L.U. Says FBI Funded 'Army' to Terrorize Antiwar Protesters" 1780:. World Conference Against Racism. Durbin, South Africa. p. 1676: 1650: 1239: 1098:

and had abandoned her children to have sexual relationships with

402: 339: 282: 109: 6496:

Child Abduction and Serial Murder Investigative Resources Center

6197:

COINTELPRO: Teaching the FBI's War on the Black Freedom Movement

4268:"The Detroit housewife who moved a nation toward racial justice" 645:—spoke about the purpose and the targets of COINTELPRO, saying: 6766: 5962:

The Lawless State: The Crimes Of The U.S. Intelligence Agencies

2582:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 148, 154–159. 1040:

that rendered Hampton unconscious during the raid on his home.

447:

Overall, COINTELPRO encompassed disruption and sabotage of the

5960:; Berman, Jerry; Borosage, Robert; Marwick, Christine (1976). 5078:(Winter 1996). "Conspiracy Theory vs Alternative Journalism". 1906:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 189. 5956: 5385:"US judge orders release of 'first Black Identity Extremist'" 3632: 3630: 3617: 3615: 561: 243:

who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of

7019: 5985:

Last Man Standing: The Tragedy and Triumph of Geronimo Pratt

3456:

Various Church Committee reports reproduced online at ICDC:

367:

in the final months of his life. The Pulitzer Prize-winning

5940:

The Burglary: The Discovery of J. Edgar Hoover's Secret FBI

4831:

The Burglary: The Discovery of J. Edgar Hoover's Secret FBI

3627: 3612: 3500:. Various COINTELPRO documents reproduced online at ICDC: 874:

Nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for

792:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

231:. In 1956, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. 140:, they also targeted white supremacist groups such as the 6365:

Intelligence Reports and the Rights of Americans: Book II

6318:. 90th Cong., 1st sess. – 91st Cong., 2d sess, 1967–1970. 5277:. Semiotexte active agents series. New York: Semiotexte. 4691:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 399. 2260:

It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy & Alumni

1839:

The Dangers of Domestic Spying by Federal Law Enforcement

1051:

Some sources claim that the FBI conducted more than 200 "

922: 626: 545: 5272: 5235: 4312:

From Selma to Sorrow: The Life and Death of Viola Liuzzo

3909: 2016:

Bosi, Lorenzo; Giugni, Marco; Uba, Katrin, eds. (2016).

1748:. II. United States Senate. April 26, 1976. p. 10. 1620:

served as chief inspector of COINTELPRO field operations

285:. More portions of the letter would be released in 2014. 5302:. Oakland, California: University of California Press. 3750:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia

1238:

allege that the federal government intended to acquire

1184:

Committees in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador

918:

from their pledge of support for the antiwar movement.

6707:

Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System

6296:

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security.

4492:"Tapped Out Why Congress won't get through to the NSA" 927:

Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador

64:. Groups and individuals targeted by the FBI included 5772:

Cointelpro: The FBI's Secret War on Political Freedom

4724:

Mosedale, Mike (February 16, 2000). "Bury My Heart".

4415:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 339–349. 3571:

COINTELPRO: The FBI's Secret War on Political Freedom

3361:

Surveillance and governance: crime control and beyond

3322:

Surveillance and governance: crime control and beyond

2051:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 146. 1876:

Chronicle of the Seventh Son Black Panther Mark Clark

1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 508:

The program was secret until March 8, 1971, when the

251:, and other African Americans in the South. When the 5835: 5807: 5248:

Federal Bureau of Investigation Minneapolis Division

4241:

Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography

3621: 3079: 2806: 2804: 2773: 2138:(4th ed.). Toronto: Canadian Scholars. p. 969:, the FBI used five main methods during COINTELPRO: 6402: 6244:

FBI COINTELPRO files on the Socialist Workers Party

5353:Joseph, George; Hussain, Murtaza (March 19, 2018). 5316: 4745:. Random House Publishing Group. pp. 439–441. 3995:"Former Black Panther freed after 27 years in jail" 3398:"Noam Chomsky v Andrew Marr: 'The Big Idea' Part 2" 2691:

Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years 1963–1965

2374:"25th Ann. of Panther 21 Acquittal: Program in NYC" 2245: 2208: 2206: 2204: 588: 420:and began increased collaboration between the FBI, 6330:Hearings – Federal Bureau of Investigation. Vol. 6 5007: 4586: 4259: 3052:– via Harold Weisberg Archive, Hood College. 1722: 1653:, a database of telephone metadata used by the NSA 1600:, Pyle revealed a similar program by the U.S. Army 867:Organizations and individuals associated with the 778:Organizations and individuals associated with the 6486:National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime 5899:The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr. (Revised ed.) 5615:"Rethinking H. Rap Brown and Black Power – AAIHS" 4040: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 2889:"Malcolm X: Criminal, Minister, Humanist, Martyr" 2801: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 1999: 1997: 354:During the same period the program also targeted 7434: 5495: 5204: 4165: 4163: 2201: 1936:"The Women's Liberation Movement and COINTELPRO" 16:Series of covert and illegal projects by the FBI 7488:Race-related controversies in the United States 7448:History of law enforcement in the United States 6702:Computer and Internet Protocol Address Verifier 5789:Carson, Clayborne; Gallen, David, eds. (1991). 5165: 2826:(April 23, 1976), "Church Committee Book III", 2732:(1st ed.). Boston: Little, Brown. p. 2632:"What an Uncensored Letter to M. L. K. Reveals" 2468:"A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO" 6628:Criminal Justice Information Services Division 6249:FBI COINTELPRO files on Black Extremist Groups 5637:"Malcolm X Assassination & FBI COINTELPRO" 5545:Government Surveillance of the Occupy Protests 5103: 5043: 5041: 5039: 3842: 3364:. Emerald Publishing Group. pp. 184–185. 3056: 2921:The Converging Martyrdom of Malcolm and Martin 2758: 2578:Beito, David T.; Beito, Linda Royster (2009). 2294:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. pp. 86–88. 1994: 1898: 965:According to attorney Brian Glick in his book 7528:Federal Bureau of Investigation controversies 7035: 6388: 5561:Speri, Alice; Biddle, Sam (January 4, 2021). 5352: 4285: 4160: 3275: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2133: 2015: 1892: 239:leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in 7478:Political controversies in the United States 7443:History of civil rights in the United States 5788: 4525:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 4489: 3276:Cassidy, Mike; Miller, Will (May 26, 1999). 3235: 3233: 3028:"Hoover Rated Carmichael As 'Black Messiah'" 2357:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7483:Political imprisonment in the United States 6229:FBI COINTELPRO files on Puerto Rican Groups 6174: 5836:Churchill, Ward; Vander Wall, Jim (2002) . 5560: 5140: 5036: 5002: 4413:International Handbook of Violence Research 4314:. University of Georgia Press. p. 190. 3885:"Assassination Archive and Research Center" 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 2678: 1168: 510:Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI 489:Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI 7538:Federal Bureau of Investigation misconduct 7508:Federal Bureau of Investigation operations 7042: 7028: 6395: 6381: 6309:Hearings on Domestic Intelligence Programs 6289: 5856: 5769: 4658:"FBI tracked journalist for over 20 years" 4490:Radden Keefe, Patrick (February 2, 2006). 4410: 4404: 4293:"Uncommon Courage: The Viola Liuzzo Story" 3568: 2694:. Simon & Schuster. pp. 524–529. 2616: 2577: 2212: 2108:(Final Report). 1976. S. Rep. No. 94-755. 1598:Christopher Pyle § Government Service 1377: 1124:, transforming it into a group called the 541:operations would be handled case by case. 7463:Political repression in the United States 6254:FBI COINTELPRO files on White Hate Groups 6219:FBI COINTELPRO files on Espionage Program 5501:Michael S. Schmidt & Colin Moynihan, 5096:Horowitz, David. "Johnnie's Other O.J.", 4584: 4411:Kowalewski, David (2003). "Vigilantism". 3954:. New York: Doubleday. pp. 204–206. 3783:"Shoot It Out? The Death of Fred Hampton" 3325:. Emerald Publishing Group. p. 182. 3230: 2399:Ogbar, Jeffrey O. G. (January 16, 2017). 2317:"Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris" 736:received the fruits of an FBI wiretap on 376:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 369:biography of Malcolm X by Manning Marable 7533:Human rights abuses in the United States 6719:National Incident-Based Reporting System 5733:(1st ed.). New York: Random House. 5699: 5403: 5141:Berlet, Chip; Lyons, Matthew N. (1998). 4911:"Attorney: FBI entrapped terror suspect" 4723: 4589:The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide 4370:– via The New York Times Archives. 4034: 3801: 3717: 3636:Churchill, Ward; and James Vander Wall. 3205: 3138: 3136: 3127: 2917: 2321:Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities 2287: 1657:NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007) 1634:Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group 948: 893:Additional notable American individuals. 838:A broad range of organizations labeled " 788:Southern Christian Leadership Conference 496: 291:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom 268: 253:Southern Christian Leadership Conference 223:Tactics included anonymous phone calls, 124:, and independence movements (including 20: 6610:Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorate 6600:High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group 6153: 6112: 6075: 6044: 6031: 5934: 5586: 5074: 4825: 4686: 4625: 4520: 4443: 4324: 4309: 4303: 3952:A Taste of Power: A Black Woman's Story 3891:from the original on September 18, 2014 3780: 3678: 3239: 3208:"1971: Citizens Who Exposed COINTELPRO" 2401:"The FBI's War on Civil Rights Leaders" 2371: 2308: 1800: 1134: 798:, and other civil rights organizations. 7493:African-American-related controversies 7453:History of racism in the United States 7435: 7292:Chinese espionage in the United States 6713:Law Enforcement National Data Exchange 6002: 5896: 5728: 5297: 5210: 5171: 5109: 5047: 4969: 4738: 4668:from the original on December 11, 2008 4557: 4347: 4129: 4068:from the original on December 28, 2015 4051:Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press 3699:from the original on December 15, 2018 3357: 3318: 3306: 3218:from the original on 24 September 2015 3115: 3025: 2982: 2843: 2828:Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Case Study 2822: 2810: 2684: 2672: 2660: 2610: 2565: 2508: 2496: 2432: 2430: 2411:from the original on February 12, 2018 2269:from the original on February 15, 2010 2136:Rethinking Society in the 21st Century 2046: 2003: 1962: 1873: 1646:Mass surveillance in the United States 1358:). The FBI also communicated with the 882:, and Cuban exile movements including 7023: 6501:Violent Criminal Apprehension Program 6376: 6234:FBI COINTELPRO files on Cuban Matters 5978: 5915: 5875: 5670: 5647:from the original on November 3, 2019 5483:from the original on November 5, 2019 5470: 5452:from the original on November 5, 2019 5241: 5153:from the original on February 6, 2008 4951:from the original on January 23, 2019 4921:from the original on January 23, 2019 4891:from the original on January 23, 2019 4865:from the original on January 23, 2019 4807:from the original on January 23, 2019 4502:from the original on February 9, 2006 4483: 3949: 3824:from the original on January 13, 2013 3573:. New York: Pathfinder. p. 111. 3185:Rugiero v. U.S. Department of Justice 3150:from the original on January 24, 2019 3133: 3007:from the original on October 12, 2014 2886: 2722: 2546:"FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO" 2532: 2520: 2460: 2398: 2380:from the original on 28 December 2017 2096: 2094: 1855:from the original on February 5, 2018 1819:from the original on December 3, 2013 1806: 1777:COINTELPRO: The Untold American Story 277:" that the FBI mailed anonymously to 7287:Chinese intelligence activity abroad 6239:FBI COINTELPRO files on the New Left 6156:European Journal of American Culture 4941:"The Would-Be Terrorist vs. the FBI" 4348:Holles, Everett R. (June 27, 1975). 4234: 4174:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2928:from the original on 25 January 2015 2918:Douglass, James W. (29 March 2006). 2855: 2642:from the original on January 7, 2015 2629: 2388:– via Hartford Web Publishing. 2314: 2019:The Consequences of Social Movements 1773: 679:("vanguard of the New Left") to the 7543:Anti-communism in the United States 7503:American secret government programs 7353:Interpersonal (HUMINT) intelligence 6593:Communications Exploitation Section 5439: 5365:from the original on March 20, 2018 4372:from the original on 28 July 2019. 4265: 4228: 4169: 4001:from the original on April 15, 2009 3278:"A Short History of FBI COINTELPRO" 3257:from the original on April 27, 2017 2997:"The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO" 2899:from the original on 29 August 2017 2630:Gage, Beverly (November 11, 2014). 2427: 2170: 2115:from the original on April 18, 2014 1952:from the original on July 24, 2015. 1755:from the original on April 18, 2014 1190:show that the FBI tracked the late 617: 482: 380:Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) 365:Organization of Afro-American Unity 13: 6822:FBI Victims Identification Project 6787:Rod Blagojevich corruption charges 5861:. University of California Press. 5757: 5391:from the original on June 10, 2018 5192:from the original on April 5, 2019 5122:from the original on June 11, 2007 4777:from the original on June 12, 2018 4362:from the original on July 27, 2019 3789:from the original on 15 March 2016 3378:from the original on April 5, 2019 3339:from the original on April 5, 2019 3044:from the original on March 4, 2016 2994: 2339:from the original on April 6, 2019 2091: 1356:Domestic Security Alliance Council 1339:Partnership for Civil Justice Fund 1115:16th Street Baptist Church bombing 14: 7554: 7188:Computer and network surveillance 6656:Information and Technology Branch 6633:National Crime Information Center 6518:Special Weapons and Tactics Teams 6284:FBI COINTELPRO files Indianapolis 5876:Davis, James Kirkpatrick (1997). 5793:. Carroll & Graf Publishers. 5471:Speri, Alice (October 22, 2019). 5421:from the original on June 9, 2018 5334:from the original on May 31, 2018 4325:Coleman, Ken (December 3, 2021). 4135: 3679:Hoffman, Hank (October 1, 2001). 3206:Hamilton, Johanna (18 May 2015). 3026:Warden, Rob (February 10, 1976). 2478:from the original on May 15, 2011 2448:from the original on May 16, 2008 1878:. Rose Morris. pp. 209–214. 1809:"A break-in to end all break-ins" 1807:Jalon, Allan M. (March 8, 2006). 1788:from the original on 9 March 2016 1113:and the 1963 Birmingham, Alabama 844:Students for a Democratic Society 754:from FBI electronic surveillance. 7223:Short-range agent communications 6481:Critical Incident Response Group 6448: 6305:Select Committee on Intelligence 5629: 5607: 5580: 5554: 5538: 5512: 5464: 5433: 5377: 5346: 5291: 5266: 5134: 5090: 5068: 5062:10.1111/j.1542-734X.2006.00422.x 4996: 4963: 4933: 4903: 4877: 4847: 4819: 4789: 4759: 4732: 4717: 4680: 4646: 4619: 4578: 4551: 4216:from the original on May 4, 2011 3622:Churchill & Vander Wall 1990 3196:, 257 F.3d 534, 546 (2001). 2868:from the original on 24 May 2015 2315:Neal, Cleaver, Kathleen (1998). 992:Harassment via the legal system: 589:FBI claimed intent of COINTELPRO 7458:Propaganda in the United States 6476:Criminal Investigative Division 6404:Federal Bureau of Investigation 6274:FBI COINTELPRO files Alexandria 6224:FBI COINTELPRO file on Hoodwink 5706:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 5211:Melmer, David (July 19, 2000). 5178:. McFarland. pp. 143–145. 5050:The Journal of American Culture 4564:. McFarland. pp. 143–146. 4514: 4464: 4437: 4378: 4341: 4318: 4196: 4116: 4107: 4089: 4080: 4013: 3987: 3968: 3943: 3903: 3877: 3836: 3774: 3738: 3724:. UNC Press Books. p. 10. 3711: 3672: 3647: 3595: 3562: 3450: 3431: 3412: 3390: 3351: 3312: 3300: 3284:. Wayward Press. Archived from 3269: 3199: 3162: 3121: 3109: 3019: 3003:. City University of New York. 2988: 2976: 2940: 2911: 2880: 2849: 2837: 2816: 2716: 2666: 2654: 2604: 2571: 2559: 2538: 2526: 2514: 2502: 2490: 2392: 2365: 2281: 2164: 2127: 2081:"Groups targeted by COINTELPRO" 2073: 2040: 2009: 1774:Wolf, Paul (1 September 2001). 1255:themselves through the lens of 1186:. Documents released under the 786:and others associated with the 512:burgled an FBI field office in 384:Deacons for Defense and Justice 54:Federal Bureau of Investigation 29:, a financial supporter of the 6832:High-Value Interrogation Group 6279:FBI COINTELPRO files Charlotte 6269:FBI COINTELPRO files Baltimore 6259:FBI COINTELPRO files Las Vegas 6034:Journal of Mississippi History 5593:. Princeton University Press. 5446:Defending Rights & Dissent 4728:. Vol. 21, no. 1002. 4593:. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press. 3146:. Muckrock. December 8, 2017. 2218:FBI Secrets: An Agent's Expose 1956: 1928: 1867: 1846:American Civil Liberties Union 1767: 1264:Guardians of the Oglala Nation 850:, and environmental activists. 556:" after its chairman, Senator 548:correspondent Carl Stern, the 436:. A particular target was the 1: 7049: 6620:Science and Technology Branch 6332:. 94th Cong., 1st sess, 1975. 6325:. 94th Cong., 1st sess, 1975. 6311:. 94th Cong., 1st sess, 1975. 5731:Enemies: A History of the FBI 4742:Enemies: A History of the FBI 2856:Kane, Gregory (14 May 2000). 1737:"I. Introduction and Summary" 1715: 957:, national spokesman for the 833:National States' Rights Party 394:. BLACK HATE established the 146:National States' Rights Party 76:organizers, activists in the 6996:FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 6990:FBI–Apple encryption dispute 6852:Special Intelligence Service 6792:FBI files on Michael Jackson 6583:Counterintelligence Division 6346:. 94th Cong., 2d sess, 1976. 6339:. 94th Cong., 2d sess, 1976. 6300:. 93rd Cong., 2d sess, 1974. 6207: 6175:Wolfe-Rocca, Ursula (2016). 5811:; Vander Wall, Jim (2002) . 5587:Maxwell, William J. (2015). 5010:In the Spirit of Crazy Horse 4585:Theoharis, Athan G. (1999). 4421:10.1007/978-0-306-48039-3_18 3408:– via www.youtube.com. 3001:HERB: Resources for Teachers 2777:; Vander Wall, Jim (2002) . 2372:On', Shaba (22 April 1996). 1624:FBI National Security Branch 718:, and Supreme Court Justice 134:Puerto Rican Socialist Party 7: 6817:FBI Special Advisor Program 6113:Drabble, John (Fall 2007). 6078:Journal of American Studies 6024: 5770:Blackstock, Nelson (1988). 5014:. New York: Penguin Books. 4974:. New York: Vintage Books. 4447:Privacy, a Vanishing Value? 3781:Kendall (3 November 2009). 3569:Blackstock, Nelson (1975). 3087:. Boston: South End Press. 3083:; Vander Wall, Jim (1990). 2729:Breaking Barriers: A Memoir 2220:. Boston: South End Press. 1560: 1384:Category:COINTELPRO targets 1074:—On the FBI's targeting of 939:anti-globalization movement 796:Congress of Racial Equality 422:Central Intelligence Agency 388:Congress of Racial Equality 10: 7559: 6837:Joint Terrorism Task Force 6797:FBI files on Elvis Presley 6605:Terrorist Screening Center 6466:Criminal, Cyber, Response, 6264:FBI COINTELPRO files Miami 6189: 5857:Cunningham, David (2004). 5663: 4887:. CNN. November 29, 2017. 4626:Hastedt, Glenn P. (2011). 4358:(Newspaper). New York: 4. 3182:, 737 F.2d 1 (1984); 2288:Corrigan, Lisa M. (2016). 2024:Cambridge University Press 1629:Joint Terrorism Task Force 1381: 1335:Freedom of Information Act 944: 888:Cuban Nationalist Movement 855:protesting the Vietnam War 752:1964 Democratic Convention 681:New Mexico Free University 637:—a political activist and 486: 214: 60:that the FBI perceived as 7279: 7248: 7158: 7135: 7057: 7005: 6967: 6951: 6873: 6858:U.S. v. Scheinberg et al. 6755: 6727: 6696:Combined DNA Index System 6673: 6648: 6618: 6588:Counterterrorism Division 6573: 6538: 6464: 6457: 6446: 6410: 6090:10.1017/S002187580400845X 5901:. Yale University Press. 5700:McKnight, Gerald (1998). 5442:"Still Spying on Dissent" 5298:Burton, Orisanmi (2023). 4632:. ABC-CLIO. p. 180. 4460:– via Google Books. 3923:Still Black, Still Strong 3718:Williams, Jakobi (2013). 2712:– via Google Books. 1349:agents had monitored the 1300:Black Identity Extremists 1221:2009 Bronx terrorism plot 1006:Undermine public opinion: 625:In an interview with the 233:T. R. M. Howard 126:Puerto Rican independence 48:Program) was a series of 6807:FBI search of Mar-a-Lago 6575:National Security Branch 6523:Hazardous Devices School 6491:Behavioral Analysis Unit 5762: 5641:NOI.org Official Website 5172:Newton, Michael (2012). 5100:.com, September 1, 1997. 5080:Alternative Press Review 4558:Newton, Michael (2012). 4374:Original scan available. 3358:Deflam, Mathieu (2008). 3319:Deflam, Mathieu (2008). 2253:"Murder of Fred Hampton" 2047:Newton, Michael (2014). 1963:Salper, Roberta (2008). 1176:American Indian Movement 1169:Later similar operations 1139:The final report of the 1126:Secret Army Organization 931:American Indian Movement 880:reunification of Ireland 816:American Indian Movement 426:National Security Agency 396:Ghetto Informant Program 323:documents an anonymous " 225:Internal Revenue Service 106:American Indian Movement 7173:Covert listening device 7143:Intelligence assessment 6782:FBI method of profiling 6553:Behavioral Science Unit 6513:Crisis Negotiation Unit 6314:U.S. Congress. Senate. 6290:U.S. government reports 6017:Temple University Press 5791:Malcolm X: The FBI File 3975:Paul Wolf, "COINTELPRO" 3843:Ward Churchill (2002), 3601:Gelbspan, Ross. (1991) 1943:www.freedomarchives.org 1587:All Power to the People 1378:Notable people targeted 1360:New York Stock Exchange 1343:Mara Verheyden-Hilliard 916:Socialist Workers Party 886:'s Cuban Power and the 550:Socialist Workers Party 463:(1967), and the entire 449:Socialist Workers Party 58:political organizations 6975:FBI portrayal in media 6540:Human Resources Branch 6303:U.S. Congress. House. 6214:Files on FBI's website 6201:Zinn Education Project 6195:Wolfe-Rocca, Ursula. " 6181:Zinn Education Project 6168:10.1386/ejac.27.2.65_1 6003:Perkus, Cathy (1976). 5897:Garrow, David (2006). 5671:Hersh, Burton (2007). 5643:. September 11, 2013. 4450:. Fordham Univ Press. 4310:Stanton, Mary (2000). 3950:Brown, Elaine (1992). 2891:. Sunday Book Review. 2887:Touré (17 June 2011). 2087:on September 10, 2012. 1900:Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri 1590:, film documentary by 1495:Martin Luther King Jr. 1216:Earth Liberation Front 1166: 1071: 1046:Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt 981:Psychological warfare: 962: 862:National Lawyers Guild 824:groups, including the 784:Martin Luther King Jr. 738:Martin Luther King Jr. 727:Kennedy administration 685: 652: 582: 505: 438:Poor People's Campaign 300: 286: 279:Martin Luther King Jr. 265:Martin Luther King Jr. 86:Martin Luther King Jr. 34: 7473:Surveillance scandals 7468:Psychological warfare 7422:Targeted surveillance 6886:Delf A. 'Jelly' Bryce 6812:FBI Silvermaster File 6358:Boston Public Library 6061:10.1353/ala.2008.0016 5916:Glick, Brian (1989). 5110:Berlet, Chip (1998). 4687:Schultz, Bud (2001). 4546:operation on its own. 4521:Schultz, Bud (2001). 4299:on February 23, 2006. 4103:on February 12, 2005. 4054:. Verso. p. 69. 4021:"In re Pratt, 82 Cal" 3288:on September 28, 2007 3212:PBS: Independent Lens 2214:Swearingen, M. Wesley 1874:Morris, Rose (2019). 1813:The Los Angeles Times 1667:Operation Mockingbird 1450:Howard Bruce Franklin 1200:Reagan administration 1145: 1104:civil rights movement 1066: 952: 780:civil rights movement 660: 647: 573: 500: 430:Department of Defense 295: 272: 154:psychological warfare 42:syllabic abbreviation 24: 7348:Industrial espionage 7148:competing hypotheses 6881:Harry "Skip" Brandon 6842:Lindbergh kidnapping 5774:. Pathfinder Press. 5729:Weiner, Tim (2012). 5617:. September 29, 2018 5509:(December 24, 2012). 5217:Indian Country Today 5175:The FBI Encyclopedia 4970:Weyler, Rex (1982). 4739:Weiner, Tim (2013). 4664:. November 7, 2008. 4561:The FBI Encyclopedia 4247:on December 27, 2008 3845:Agents of Repression 3427:. 1976. p. 213. 2442:What Really Happened 2175:. Springer. p. 1609:Denial and deception 1530:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos 1480:Jose Cha Cha Jimenez 1205:Filiberto Ojeda Rios 1135:Illegal surveillance 708:President Eisenhower 518:Fight of the Century 46:Counter Intelligence 7518:Counterintelligence 6847:Ruby Ridge standoff 6772:Bridgman Convention 6661:Intelligence Branch 6640:Laboratory Division 6508:Hostage Rescue Team 6468:and Services Branch 5920:. South End Press. 5879:Assault on the Left 5842:. South End Press. 5526:. December 27, 2012 5098:Front Page Magazine 4209:The Washington Post 4042:Cockburn, Alexander 3667:Earth First Journal 3624:, pp. xii, 303 2813:, pp. 527–529. 2535:, pp. 372–374. 1281:In April 2018, the 959:Black Panther Party 731:US Attorney General 692:President Roosevelt 539:counterintelligence 534:The Washington Post 514:Media, Pennsylvania 461:Black Panther Party 442:Black Panther Party 206:. Attorney General 204:William C. Sullivan 128:groups such as the 122:United Farm Workers 104:organizations, the 94:Black Panther Party 70:Communist Party USA 68:organizations, the 31:Black Panther Party 7513:COINTELPRO targets 7299:Cold War espionage 7266:Front organization 7240:Surveillance tools 7218:Phone surveillance 7213:One-way voice link 7168:Concealment device 6802:FBI Miami shootout 6131:10.1353/ams.0.0007 6011:Theoharis, Athan, 5330:. March 27, 2018. 5328:Atlanta Black Star 5242:staff (May 2000). 5004:Matthiessen, Peter 4479:. 1976. p. 5. 4355:The New York Times 4329:. Michigan Advance 4281:on April 27, 1999. 4235:Giannino, Joanne. 4204:"Jonathan Yardley" 4170:May, Gary (2005). 4142:washingtonpost.com 4046:St. Clair, Jeffrey 3980:2009-09-27 at the 3929:. pp. 18–19. 3911:Bin Wahad, Dhoruba 3755:2017-01-13 at the 3661:2009-11-15 at the 3551:2008-02-14 at the 3540:2008-02-28 at the 3529:2008-04-22 at the 3518:2006-12-10 at the 3507:2008-02-11 at the 3496:2005-04-07 at the 3485:2011-11-13 at the 3474:2005-04-07 at the 3463:2006-10-19 at the 3446:. 1976. p. 9. 3192:2017-04-10 at the 3178:2017-04-10 at the 3168:See, for example, 3035:Chicago Daily News 2995:Hoover, J. Edgar. 2893:The New York Times 2636:The New York Times 1990:– via JSTOR. 1904:The FBI: A History 1699:Surveillance abuse 1328:anti-war movements 1308:Occupy Wall Street 1289:Black Lives Matter 1284:Atlanta Black Star 963: 853:Almost all groups 720:William O. Douglas 633:in February 1996, 506: 287: 273:Part of the 1964 " 35: 7498:Covert operations 7430: 7429: 7084:Agent provocateur 7017: 7016: 6943:Joseph D. Pistone 6913:Joseph L. Gormley 6669: 6668: 6368:. April 24, 1976. 5995:978-0-385-49367-3 5971:978-0-14-004386-0 5927:978-0-89608-349-3 5908:978-0-300-08731-4 5889:978-0-275-95455-0 5882:. Praeger Trade. 5868:978-0-520-23997-5 5849:978-0-89608-648-7 5828:978-0-89608-646-3 5800:978-0-88184-758-1 5781:978-0-87348-877-8 5740:978-1-4000-6748-0 5713:978-0-8133-3384-7 5684:978-0-7867-1982-2 5309:978-0-520-39633-3 5284:978-0-936756-74-5 4773:. June 13, 2006. 4275:, Rearview Mirror 4181:978-0-300-18413-6 4061:978-1-85984-139-6 3524:Black Nationalist 3469:Final Report, 2Cb 3400:. August 27, 2006 3371:978-0-7623-1416-4 3332:978-0-7623-1416-4 2794:978-0-89608-648-7 2743:978-0-316-75977-9 2701:978-1-4165-5870-5 2589:978-0-252-03420-6 2376:(Press release). 2227:978-0-89608-502-2 2186:978-0-230-10639-0 2149:978-1-55130-936-1 2058:978-0-7864-7774-6 1913:978-0-300-14284-6 1581:Agent provocateur 1485:Muhammad Kenyatta 1415:Dhoruba bin-Wahad 1337:request from the 1320:environmentalists 1257:conspiracy theory 1250:activists on the 1236:Peter Matthiessen 1210:Environmentalist 1150:American citizens 1100:African Americans 1025:Dhoruba Bin Wahad 822:White supremacist 802:Black nationalist 744:President Johnson 734:Robert F. Kennedy 716:Eleanor Roosevelt 696:Charles Lindbergh 654:According to the 473:freedom of speech 329:Nobel Peace Prize 263:, and eventually 208:Robert F. Kennedy 162:national security 84:movements (e.g., 7550: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7021: 7020: 6959:FBI Headquarters 6558:National Academy 6462: 6461: 6452: 6451: 6397: 6390: 6383: 6374: 6373: 6184: 6171: 6150: 6119:American Studies 6109: 6072: 6041: 6008: 5999: 5975: 5958:Halperin, Morton 5953: 5931: 5912: 5893: 5872: 5853: 5832: 5804: 5785: 5752: 5725: 5696: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5558: 5552: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5516: 5510: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5254:on June 25, 2007 5250:. Archived from 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5219:. Archived from 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5107: 5101: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5045: 5034: 5033: 5013: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4915:The Detroit News 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4653:Associated Press 4650: 4644: 4643: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4592: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4388:. Archived from 4382: 4376: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4295:. Archived from 4289: 4283: 4282: 4277:. Archived from 4273:The Detroit News 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4243:. Archived from 4232: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4167: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4148:on June 16, 2020 4144:. Archived from 4133: 4127: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3991: 3985: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3915:Abu-Jamal, Mumia 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3814: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3778: 3772: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3681:"To the Extreme" 3676: 3670: 3653:Pickett, Karen. 3651: 3645: 3640:, 1988, Boston, 3634: 3625: 3619: 3610: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3566: 3560: 3491:Final Report, 3G 3480:Final Report, 3A 3458:Final Report, 2A 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3243:(June 6, 2016). 3237: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3203: 3197: 3171:Hobson v. Wilson 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3140: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3077: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3043: 3032: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2963: 2957:. Archived from 2952: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2895:. p. BR18. 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832:Church Committee 2820: 2814: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2771: 2756: 2755: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2627: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2434: 2425: 2424: 2418: 2416: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2356: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2268: 2257: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2210: 2199: 2198: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2114: 2107: 2098: 2089: 2088: 2083:. Archived from 2077: 2071: 2070: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1969:Feminist Studies 1960: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1940: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1854: 1843: 1835: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1754: 1741: 1733: 1662:Operation Gladio 1616:, also known as 1465:Ernest Hemingway 1435:Eldridge Cleaver 1347:counterterrorism 1312:economic justice 1242:deposits on the 1226:Authors such as 1192:David Halberstam 1141:Church Committee 1102:involved in the 1092:Gary Thomas Rowe 1088:Ku Klux Klansmen 1086:was murdered by 1078: 782:, including Dr. 702:President Truman 656:Church Committee 618:Range of targets 554:Church Committee 493:Church Committee 483:Program revealed 469:Church Committee 390:(CORE), and the 349:Church Committee 116:groups like the 114:Mexican-American 98:environmentalist 74:anti-Vietnam War 7558: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7433: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7400:Sting operation 7309:Black operation 7275: 7271:Limited hangout 7253: 7244: 7208:Numbers station 7160: 7154: 7131: 7071: 7053: 7048: 7018: 7013: 7001: 6963: 6947: 6923:J. Edgar Hoover 6869: 6760: 6758: 6751: 6742:Deputy Director 6723: 6665: 6644: 6614: 6569: 6534: 6467: 6453: 6449: 6444: 6406: 6401: 6371: 6292: 6210: 6192: 6187: 6027: 6022: 5996: 5972: 5950: 5928: 5909: 5890: 5869: 5850: 5829: 5819:South End Press 5809:Churchill, Ward 5801: 5782: 5765: 5760: 5758:Further reading 5755: 5741: 5714: 5685: 5677:. Basic Books. 5666: 5661: 5660: 5650: 5648: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5601: 5585: 5581: 5571: 5569: 5559: 5555: 5551:(May 22, 2014). 5543: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5500: 5496: 5486: 5484: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5440:Gibbons, Chip. 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5368: 5366: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5296: 5292: 5285: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5108: 5104: 5095: 5091: 5073: 5069: 5046: 5037: 5022: 5001: 4997: 4982: 4968: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4824: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4753: 4737: 4733: 4722: 4718: 4699: 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4640: 4624: 4620: 4601: 4583: 4579: 4572: 4556: 4552: 4533: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4488: 4484: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4392:on May 14, 2007 4384: 4383: 4379: 4365: 4363: 4346: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4323: 4319: 4308: 4304: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4233: 4229: 4219: 4217: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4182: 4168: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4130: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4062: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3982:Wayback Machine 3973: 3969: 3962: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3855: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3816: 3815: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3779: 3775: 3757:Wayback Machine 3743: 3739: 3732: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3677: 3673: 3663:Wayback Machine 3652: 3648: 3642:South End Press 3635: 3628: 3620: 3613: 3607:South End Press 3600: 3596: 3581: 3567: 3563: 3553:Wayback Machine 3542:Wayback Machine 3531:Wayback Machine 3520:Wayback Machine 3509:Wayback Machine 3498:Wayback Machine 3487:Wayback Machine 3476:Wayback Machine 3465:Wayback Machine 3455: 3451: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3372: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3333: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3238: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3204: 3200: 3194:Wayback Machine 3180:Wayback Machine 3167: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3142: 3141: 3134: 3126: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3095: 3081:Churchill, Ward 3078: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3030: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2964:on June 3, 2013 2961: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2802: 2795: 2785:South End Press 2775:Churchill, Ward 2772: 2759: 2744: 2721: 2717: 2702: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2628: 2617: 2609: 2605: 2590: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2531: 2527: 2519: 2515: 2507: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2436: 2435: 2428: 2414: 2412: 2405:The Daily Beast 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2370: 2366: 2350: 2349: 2342: 2340: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2228: 2211: 2202: 2187: 2169: 2165: 2150: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2092: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2059: 2045: 2041: 2034: 2014: 2010: 2002: 1995: 1985: 1983: 1961: 1957: 1949: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1914: 1897: 1893: 1886: 1872: 1868: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1805: 1801: 1791: 1789: 1772: 1768: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1694:State terrorism 1576:Active measures 1563: 1515:Jessica Mitford 1500:Stanley Levison 1440:Marshall Conway 1395:Mumia Abu-Jamal 1390:Ralph Abernathy 1386: 1380: 1351:Occupy movement 1171: 1137: 1096:Communist Party 1080: 1073: 1015:US Organization 947: 758:President Nixon 748:Barry Goldwater 677:Antioch College 620: 591: 578:First Amendment 495: 487:Main articles: 485: 457:Nation of Islam 434:Operation CHAOS 392:Nation of Islam 360:Elijah Muhammad 325:suicide package 312:Washington Post 289:After the 1963 261:Stanley Levison 217: 199:J. Edgar Hoover 190:Marshall Conway 186:Mumia Abu-Jamal 90:Nation of Islam 17: 12: 11: 5: 7556: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7418: 7417: 7412: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7316: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7295: 7294: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7257: 7255: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7236: 7235: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7164: 7162: 7161:communications 7156: 7155: 7153: 7152: 7151: 7150: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7098: 7097: 7087: 7080: 7078:Agent handling 7074: 7072: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7047: 7046: 7039: 7032: 7024: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7007: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6961: 6955: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6904: 6903: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6862: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6763: 6761: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6733: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6699: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6652: 6650: 6649:Other branches 6646: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6624: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6585: 6579: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6544: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6530:Cyber Division 6527: 6526: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6478: 6472: 6470: 6459: 6455: 6454: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6416: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6400: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6377: 6370: 6369: 6360: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6301: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6172: 6151: 6110: 6084:(3): 297–328. 6073: 6048:Alabama Review 6042: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6009: 6000: 5994: 5976: 5970: 5954: 5949:978-0804173667 5948: 5936:Medsger, Betty 5932: 5926: 5913: 5907: 5894: 5888: 5873: 5867: 5854: 5848: 5833: 5827: 5805: 5799: 5786: 5780: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5739: 5726: 5712: 5697: 5683: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5628: 5606: 5600:978-1400852062 5599: 5579: 5553: 5549:New York Times 5537: 5524:Democracy Now! 5511: 5507:New York Times 5494: 5463: 5432: 5415:Foreign Policy 5402: 5387:. Al Jazeera. 5376: 5345: 5315: 5308: 5290: 5283: 5265: 5234: 5223:on May 6, 2006 5203: 5185:978-1476604176 5184: 5164: 5133: 5102: 5089: 5076:McQuinn, Jason 5067: 5056:(4): 454–467. 5035: 5020: 4995: 4980: 4962: 4932: 4902: 4876: 4846: 4840:978-0804173667 4839: 4827:Medsger, Betty 4818: 4788: 4758: 4752:978-0812979237 4751: 4731: 4716: 4697: 4679: 4645: 4639:978-1851098071 4638: 4618: 4599: 4577: 4571:978-1476604176 4570: 4550: 4531: 4513: 4482: 4463: 4456: 4436: 4429: 4403: 4377: 4340: 4317: 4302: 4284: 4266:Houston, Kay. 4258: 4237:"Viola Liuzzo" 4227: 4195: 4180: 4159: 4136:Britt, Donna. 4128: 4115: 4106: 4088: 4079: 4060: 4033: 4012: 3986: 3967: 3961:978-0385471077 3960: 3942: 3936:978-0936756745 3935: 3919:Shakur, Assata 3902: 3876: 3854:978-0896086463 3853: 3835: 3800: 3773: 3745:Michael Newton 3737: 3731:978-1469608167 3730: 3710: 3685:In These Times 3671: 3646: 3626: 3611: 3594: 3579: 3561: 3449: 3430: 3411: 3389: 3370: 3350: 3331: 3311: 3309:, p. 293. 3299: 3282:Albion Monitor 3268: 3241:Medsger, Betty 3229: 3198: 3161: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3094:978-0896083608 3093: 3055: 3018: 2987: 2985:, p. 271. 2975: 2939: 2910: 2879: 2848: 2846:, p. 243. 2836: 2815: 2800: 2793: 2757: 2742: 2724:Rowan, Carl T. 2715: 2700: 2686:Branch, Taylor 2677: 2665: 2663:, p. 235. 2653: 2615: 2613:, p. 200. 2603: 2588: 2570: 2558: 2537: 2525: 2523:, p. 372. 2513: 2501: 2489: 2459: 2426: 2391: 2364: 2307: 2301:978-1496809100 2300: 2280: 2244: 2226: 2200: 2185: 2163: 2148: 2126: 2090: 2072: 2057: 2039: 2033:978-1107539211 2032: 2026:. p. 66. 2008: 2006:, p. 195. 1993: 1975:(3): 431–455. 1955: 1927: 1912: 1891: 1885:978-1733581714 1884: 1866: 1830: 1799: 1766: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1648: 1643: 1640:Laird v. Tatum 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1595: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1550:Morris Starsky 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1525:Geronimo Pratt 1522: 1520:Huey P. Newton 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1475:Ericka Huggins 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1379: 1376: 1367:Rosemary Bayer 1326:, and various 1316:racial justice 1228:Ward Churchill 1196:Pulitzer Prize 1170: 1167: 1136: 1133: 1111:Freedom Riders 1065: 1053:black bag jobs 1011: 1010: 1003: 999:Illegal force: 996: 989: 978: 946: 943: 900:Young Patriots 895: 894: 891: 872: 869:women's rights 865: 858: 851: 836: 829: 819: 812: 805: 799: 776: 775:organizations. 762: 761: 755: 741: 723: 712:Bernard Baruch 705: 699: 619: 616: 615: 614: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 590: 587: 484: 481: 275:suicide letter 216: 213: 182:Geronimo Pratt 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7555: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7423: 7420: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7358:interrogation 7356: 7355: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7326:Eavesdropping 7324: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7278: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7228:Steganography 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7203:Invisible ink 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7157: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7122:Sleeper agent 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7056: 7052: 7045: 7040: 7038: 7033: 7031: 7026: 7025: 7022: 7012: 7011:Hogan's Alley 7008: 7004: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6902: 6901:"Deep Throat" 6899: 6898: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6891:Sibel Edmonds 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6754: 6748: 6747:Special agent 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6537: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6463: 6460: 6456: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6412:Field offices 6409: 6405: 6398: 6393: 6391: 6386: 6384: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6341: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6182: 6178: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6001: 5997: 5991: 5988:. Doubleday. 5987: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5891: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5874: 5870: 5864: 5860: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5841: 5840: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5796: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5705: 5704: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5616: 5610: 5602: 5596: 5592: 5591: 5583: 5568: 5567:The Intercept 5564: 5557: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5525: 5521: 5515: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5482: 5478: 5477:The Intercept 5474: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5436: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5406: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5359:The Intercept 5356: 5349: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5311: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5286: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5168: 5152: 5148: 5147:PublicEye.org 5144: 5137: 5121: 5117: 5116:PublicEye.org 5113: 5106: 5099: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5021:0-14-014456-0 5017: 5012: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4981:0-394-71732-5 4977: 4973: 4966: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4842: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4754: 4748: 4744: 4743: 4735: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4698:0-520-22402-7 4694: 4690: 4683: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4641: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4622: 4615: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4600:0-585-09871-9 4596: 4591: 4590: 4581: 4573: 4567: 4563: 4562: 4554: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4532:0-520-22402-7 4528: 4524: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4475: 4474: 4467: 4459: 4457:9780823210442 4453: 4449: 4448: 4440: 4432: 4430:9780306480393 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4407: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4344: 4328: 4321: 4313: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4280: 4276: 4274: 4269: 4262: 4251:September 29, 4246: 4242: 4238: 4231: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4199: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4164: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4119: 4110: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4083: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4022: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3971: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3890: 3886: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3714: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3631: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3580:0-87348-877-6 3576: 3572: 3565: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3453: 3442: 3441: 3434: 3423: 3422: 3415: 3399: 3393: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3354: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3256: 3252: 3251: 3250:The Intercept 3246: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3137: 3129: 3128:McKnight 1998 3124: 3117: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3022: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2991: 2984: 2979: 2960: 2956: 2949: 2943: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2914: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2867: 2863: 2862:Baltimore Sun 2859: 2852: 2845: 2840: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2824:Church, Frank 2819: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2796: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2662: 2657: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2612: 2607: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2567: 2562: 2547: 2541: 2534: 2529: 2522: 2517: 2510: 2505: 2498: 2493: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2431: 2423: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2395: 2379: 2375: 2368: 2360: 2354: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2303: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2284: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2248: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2111: 2104: 2097: 2095: 2086: 2082: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2050: 2043: 2035: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2012: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1959: 1948: 1944: 1937: 1931: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1887: 1881: 1877: 1870: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1834: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1803: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1770: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1738: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1545:Assata Shakur 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1470:Abbie Hoffman 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1430:Bunchy Carter 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1405:James Baldwin 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1375: 1372: 1371:The Intercept 1368: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1294:The Intercept 1290: 1286: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1272:Assata Shakur 1267: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1144: 1142: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1077: 1070: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1034: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1007: 1004: 1000: 997: 993: 990: 987: 986:bad-jacketing 982: 979: 975: 974:Infiltration: 972: 971: 970: 968: 960: 956: 951: 942: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 919: 917: 913: 909: 904: 901: 892: 889: 885: 884:Orlando Bosch 881: 877: 873: 870: 866: 863: 859: 856: 852: 849: 845: 841: 837: 834: 830: 827: 823: 820: 817: 813: 810: 806: 803: 800: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 774: 770: 767: 766: 765: 759: 756: 753: 749: 745: 742: 739: 735: 732: 728: 724: 721: 717: 713: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 693: 690: 689: 688: 684: 682: 678: 673: 668: 664: 659: 657: 651: 646: 644: 641:professor of 640: 636: 632: 628: 623: 612: 609: 606: 603: 600: 597: 596: 595: 586: 581: 579: 572: 569: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 535: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 504: 499: 494: 490: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 414: 412: 408: 404: 399: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 372: 370: 366: 361: 357: 352: 350: 346: 342: 341: 336: 335: 330: 326: 322: 321:Taylor Branch 318: 314: 313: 308: 303: 299: 294: 292: 284: 280: 276: 271: 267: 266: 262: 258: 257:Bayard Rustin 254: 250: 246: 245:George W. Lee 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 221: 212: 209: 205: 200: 197: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 165: 163: 159: 158:assassination 155: 149: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 102:animal rights 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 44:derived from 43: 39: 32: 28: 23: 19: 7405:Surveillance 7369: 7193:Cyber spying 7178:Cryptography 7117:Resident spy 7102:Double agent 7082: 6994: 6985:Junior G-Men 6938:Clyde Tolson 6933:Peter Strzok 6918:Wesley Grapp 6860:(10 Cr. 336) 6857: 6776: 6458:Organization 6363: 6349: 6343: 6336: 6329: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6297: 6200: 6180: 6162:(2): 65–91. 6159: 6155: 6125:(3): 49–74. 6122: 6118: 6081: 6077: 6052: 6046: 6037: 6033: 6012: 6004: 5984: 5961: 5939: 5917: 5898: 5878: 5858: 5838: 5813: 5790: 5771: 5730: 5702: 5673: 5651:November 18, 5649:. Retrieved 5640: 5631: 5621:November 18, 5619:. Retrieved 5609: 5589: 5582: 5570:. Retrieved 5566: 5556: 5548: 5540: 5528:. Retrieved 5523: 5514: 5506: 5497: 5485:. Retrieved 5476: 5466: 5454:. Retrieved 5445: 5435: 5423:. Retrieved 5414: 5405: 5393:. Retrieved 5379: 5367:. Retrieved 5358: 5348: 5336:. Retrieved 5327: 5318: 5299: 5293: 5274: 5268: 5256:. Retrieved 5252:the original 5247: 5237: 5225:. Retrieved 5221:the original 5216: 5206: 5194:. Retrieved 5174: 5167: 5155:. Retrieved 5146: 5136: 5124:. Retrieved 5115: 5105: 5097: 5092: 5083: 5079: 5070: 5053: 5049: 5009: 4998: 4971: 4965: 4953:. Retrieved 4944: 4935: 4923:. Retrieved 4914: 4905: 4893:. Retrieved 4879: 4867:. Retrieved 4859:The Guardian 4858: 4849: 4830: 4821: 4809:. Retrieved 4801:The Guardian 4800: 4791: 4779:. Retrieved 4770: 4761: 4741: 4734: 4725: 4719: 4710: 4688: 4682: 4672:November 23, 4670:. Retrieved 4662:Toronto Star 4661: 4648: 4628: 4621: 4612: 4588: 4580: 4560: 4553: 4544: 4522: 4516: 4504:. Retrieved 4495: 4485: 4472: 4466: 4446: 4439: 4412: 4406: 4394:. Retrieved 4390:the original 4380: 4364:. Retrieved 4353: 4343: 4331:. Retrieved 4320: 4311: 4305: 4297:the original 4287: 4279:the original 4271: 4261: 4249:. Retrieved 4245:the original 4240: 4230: 4218:. Retrieved 4207: 4198: 4171: 4150:. Retrieved 4146:the original 4141: 4131: 4118: 4109: 4101:the original 4091: 4082: 4072:December 12, 4070:. Retrieved 4050: 4036: 4026:February 19, 4024:. Retrieved 4015: 4003:. Retrieved 3989: 3970: 3951: 3945: 3927:Semiotext(e) 3922: 3905: 3893:. Retrieved 3879: 3873:, 0896086461 3844: 3838: 3826:. Retrieved 3791:. Retrieved 3776: 3748: 3740: 3720: 3713: 3703:December 11, 3701:. Retrieved 3684: 3674: 3666: 3649: 3637: 3602: 3597: 3570: 3564: 3452: 3439: 3433: 3420: 3414: 3404:February 19, 3402:. Retrieved 3392: 3382:December 29, 3380:. Retrieved 3360: 3353: 3343:December 29, 3341:. Retrieved 3321: 3314: 3302: 3290:. Retrieved 3286:the original 3281: 3271: 3259:. Retrieved 3248: 3220:. Retrieved 3211: 3201: 3183: 3169: 3164: 3152:. Retrieved 3123: 3111: 3084: 3046:. Retrieved 3034: 3021: 3009:. Retrieved 3000: 2990: 2978: 2966:. Retrieved 2959:the original 2954: 2942: 2930:. Retrieved 2920: 2913: 2901:. Retrieved 2892: 2882: 2870:. Retrieved 2861: 2851: 2839: 2827: 2818: 2779: 2728: 2718: 2690: 2680: 2668: 2656: 2644:. Retrieved 2635: 2606: 2579: 2573: 2561: 2551:February 19, 2549:. Retrieved 2540: 2528: 2516: 2504: 2492: 2480:. Retrieved 2471: 2462: 2450:. Retrieved 2441: 2420: 2415:February 25, 2413:. Retrieved 2404: 2394: 2382:. Retrieved 2367: 2353:cite journal 2343:February 25, 2341:. Retrieved 2324: 2320: 2310: 2290: 2283: 2271:. Retrieved 2259: 2247: 2239: 2217: 2172: 2166: 2135: 2129: 2119:November 17, 2117:. Retrieved 2085:the original 2075: 2048: 2042: 2018: 2011: 1984:. Retrieved 1972: 1968: 1958: 1942: 1930: 1903: 1894: 1875: 1869: 1859:November 14, 1857:. Retrieved 1833: 1821:. Retrieved 1812: 1802: 1790:. Retrieved 1776: 1769: 1757:. Retrieved 1744: 1638: 1585: 1568: 1555:John Trudell 1505:Viola Liuzzo 1455:Fred Hampton 1420:H. Rap Brown 1400:Muhammad Ali 1370: 1364: 1332: 1304: 1292: 1282: 1280: 1268: 1261: 1225: 1223:and others. 1212:Eric McDavid 1209: 1180:Earth First! 1172: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1146: 1138: 1130: 1119: 1108: 1084:Viola Liuzzo 1081: 1076:Viola Liuzzo 1072: 1067: 1061: 1057: 1050: 1042: 1038:secobarbital 1033:Fred Hampton 1029: 1023: 1012: 1005: 998: 991: 980: 973: 966: 964: 955:Fred Hampton 935:Earth First! 920: 905: 896: 826:Ku Klux Klan 763: 686: 669: 665: 661: 653: 648: 635:Noam Chomsky 624: 621: 592: 583: 574: 570: 558:Frank Church 543: 532: 530: 522:Muhammad Ali 507: 503:Pennsylvania 455:(1964), the 453:Ku Klux Klan 451:(1961), the 446: 415: 400: 378:(SNCC), the 373: 353: 338: 332: 310: 304: 301: 296: 288: 237:civil rights 222: 218: 196:FBI Director 194: 170:Fred Hampton 166: 150: 142:Ku Klux Klan 118:Brown Berets 78:civil rights 37: 36: 18: 7395:Stay-behind 7304:Recruitment 7261:Canary trap 7159:Devices and 7107:Field agent 6928:David Icove 6908:Helen Gandy 6757:Methods and 6686:Bureaupedia 6354:Archive.org 6055:(1): 3–47. 5980:Olsen, Jack 5942:. Vintage. 5487:November 5, 5456:November 5, 5369:January 19, 5258:October 29, 5227:October 29, 5157:January 19, 5126:January 19, 4955:January 24, 4925:January 24, 4895:January 24, 4869:January 24, 4833:. Vintage. 4811:January 24, 4396:January 26, 3557:Puerto Rico 3307:Weiner 2012 3154:December 8, 3116:Weiner 2012 2983:Weiner 2012 2955:Lexis-Nexis 2903:26 February 2844:Branch 1999 2811:Branch 1999 2673:Weiner 2012 2661:Weiner 2012 2611:Weiner 2012 2566:Weiner 2012 2509:Weiner 2012 2497:Weiner 2012 2004:Weiner 2012 1792:14 February 1672:Patriot Act 1618:Deep Throat 1592:Lee Lew-Lee 1540:Jean Seberg 1535:Mario Savio 1382:Main page: 1324:Abolish ICE 1318:movements, 1314:advocates, 1143:concluded: 1019:Ron Karenga 967:War at Home 912:red-baiting 908:Vietnam War 876:Puerto Rico 809:Young Lords 643:linguistics 631:Andrew Marr 526:Joe Frazier 477:association 418:urban riots 411:black power 345:Roy Wilkins 315:journalist 249:Emmett Till 241:Mississippi 178:Zayd Shakur 130:Young Lords 82:Black power 27:Jean Seberg 7523:Code names 7437:Categories 7390:Sexpionage 7370:COINTELPRO 7363:safe house 7343:False flag 7280:Operations 7254:techniques 7250:Tradecraft 6865:Waco siege 6777:COINTELPRO 6759:activities 6674:Technology 6565:FBI Police 6430:Cincinnati 6007:. 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CNN. 1677:PROFUNC 1651:MAINWAY 1274:), and 1240:uranium 1178:(AIM), 1069:death. 977:agents. 945:Methods 804:groups. 403:MESSIAH 340:Newsday 283:suicide 215:History 110:Chicano 108:(AIM), 7410:Global 7336:MASINT 7331:SIGINT 7183:Cutout 7067:Assets 7062:Agents 6874:People 6767:Abscam 6681:Airtel 6145: 6137: 6104: 6096: 6067: 5992: 5968: 5946: 5924: 5905: 5886: 5865: 5846: 5825: 5797: 5778: 5747: 5737: 5720: 5710: 5691: 5681: 5597: 5306: 5281: 5182: 5028: 5018: 4988: 4978: 4837: 4749: 4705: 4695: 4636: 4607: 4597: 4568: 4539: 4529: 4454: 4427: 4386:"1972" 4188: 4178: 4058: 3984:, ICDC 3958: 3933: 3895:May 5, 3869: 3861: 3851: 3768: 3728: 3691: 3587: 3577: 3368: 3329: 3101: 3091: 2872:26 May 2791: 2750: 2740: 2708: 2698: 2596: 2586: 2331: 2298: 2234: 2224: 2193: 2183: 2156: 2146: 2065: 2055: 2030: 1979: 1920: 1910: 1882: 1244:Lakota 1234:, and 1182:, and 929:, the 794:, the 790:, the 459:, the 382:, the 188:, and 88:, the 50:covert 7095:Agent 7090:Cover 7006:Other 6980:G-Man 6729:Ranks 6440:Tampa 6143:S2CID 6135:JSTOR 6102:S2CID 6094:JSTOR 6065:S2CID 5763:Books 4496:Slate 4477:(PDF) 3502:CPUSA 3444:(PDF) 3425:(PDF) 3042:(PDF) 3031:(PDF) 2962:(PDF) 2951:(PDF) 2327:(2). 2267:(PDF) 2256:(PDF) 2113:(PDF) 2106:(PDF) 1977:JSTOR 1950:(PDF) 1939:(PDF) 1853:(PDF) 1842:(PDF) 1753:(PDF) 1740:(PDF) 562:Idaho 7415:Mass 7385:FVEY 7112:Mole 6040:(4). 5990:ISBN 5966:ISBN 5944:ISBN 5922:ISBN 5903:ISBN 5884:ISBN 5863:ISBN 5844:ISBN 5823:ISBN 5795:ISBN 5776:ISBN 5745:OCLC 5735:ISBN 5718:OCLC 5708:ISBN 5689:OCLC 5679:ISBN 5653:2019 5623:2019 5595:ISBN 5574:2021 5532:2021 5489:2019 5458:2019 5427:2018 5397:2018 5371:2020 5340:2018 5304:ISBN 5279:ISBN 5260:2007 5229:2007 5198:2018 5180:ISBN 5159:2020 5128:2020 5086:(3). 5026:OCLC 5016:ISBN 4986:OCLC 4976:ISBN 4957:2019 4927:2019 4897:2019 4871:2019 4835:ISBN 4813:2019 4783:2018 4747:ISBN 4703:OCLC 4693:ISBN 4674:2008 4634:ISBN 4605:OCLC 4595:ISBN 4566:ISBN 4537:OCLC 4527:ISBN 4508:2006 4452:ISBN 4425:ISBN 4398:2009 4368:2019 4335:2024 4253:2008 4222:2010 4186:OCLC 4176:ISBN 4154:2020 4074:2015 4056:ISBN 4028:2024 4007:2010 3956:ISBN 3931:ISBN 3897:2015 3859:OCLC 3849:ISBN 3830:2005 3795:2016 3766:ISBN 3726:ISBN 3705:2018 3689:ISSN 3585:OCLC 3575:ISBN 3406:2024 3384:2017 3366:ISBN 3345:2017 3327:ISBN 3294:2007 3263:2017 3224:2017 3156:2018 3099:OCLC 3089:ISBN 3050:2014 3013:2014 2970:2014 2934:2014 2905:2017 2874:2015 2789:ISBN 2748:OCLC 2738:ISBN 2706:OCLC 2696:ISBN 2648:2015 2594:OCLC 2584:ISBN 2553:2024 2484:2008 2454:2008 2417:2018 2386:2018 2359:link 2345:2018 2329:ISSN 2296:ISBN 2275:2009 2232:OCLC 2222:ISBN 2191:OCLC 2181:ISBN 2154:OCLC 2144:ISBN 2121:2017 2063:OCLC 2053:ISBN 2028:ISBN 1988:2022 1918:OCLC 1908:ISBN 1880:ISBN 1861:2017 1825:2014 1794:2018 1761:2014 1594:1996 1569:1971 1188:FOIA 921:The 860:The 846:the 831:The 814:The 807:The 771:and 725:The 524:and 491:and 475:and 337:and 235:, a 112:and 100:and 80:and 7252:and 6199:", 6164:doi 6127:doi 6086:doi 6057:doi 5058:doi 4417:doi 3513:SWP 2734:260 2472:PBS 2177:182 2140:148 1302:". 1248:AIM 1194:—a 923:FBI 842:", 639:MIT 629:'s 627:BBC 560:(D- 546:NBC 96:), 40:(a 7439:: 6307:. 6179:. 6160:27 6158:. 6141:. 6133:. 6123:48 6121:. 6117:. 6100:. 6092:. 6082:38 6080:. 6063:. 6053:61 6051:. 6038:66 6036:. 5964:. 5821:. 5817:. 5743:. 5716:. 5687:. 5639:. 5565:. 5547:, 5522:. 5505:, 5479:. 5475:. 5448:. 5444:. 5417:. 5413:. 5361:. 5357:. 5326:. 5246:. 5215:. 5188:. 5149:. 5145:. 5118:. 5114:. 5082:. 5054:29 5052:. 5038:^ 5024:. 4984:. 4947:. 4945:GQ 4943:. 4917:. 4913:. 4861:. 4857:. 4803:. 4799:. 4769:. 4709:. 4701:. 4660:. 4655:, 4611:. 4603:. 4543:. 4535:. 4498:. 4494:. 4423:. 4352:. 4270:. 4239:. 4212:. 4206:. 4184:. 4162:^ 4140:. 4064:. 4044:; 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