1405:
640:
737:
as voiceless unaspirated and affricates with laryngealized vowels, and voiced preglottalized sonorants as voiced sonorants with laryngealized vowels. The Burmic languages include
Burmese, Achang, and Xiandao. The Maruic languages include Atsi (Zaiwa), Lashi (Leqi), Maru (Langsu), and Bola. Nishi does
750:
retains r- separate from y-, whereas the two fall together in most
Burmese dialects and indeed most Burmish languages. Tavoyan has kept kl- distinct. No dialect has kept ry- distinct from r-, but this may be an independent innovation in the various dialects. Merguiese is apparently the least well
732:
Based on distinct treatment of the pre-glottalized initials of proto-Burmish, Nishi (1999: 68-70) divides the
Burmish languages into two branches, Burmic and Maruic. The Burmic languages changed voiceless preglottalized stops into voiceless aspirate stops and preglottalized voiced sonorants into
1006:
Dai, Qing-xia (1986). Zaiwa-yu (the Atsi language). 中國大百科全書: 民族 Zhong-guo da-bai-ke quan-shu: Min-zu. (Magna
Encyclopedia Sinica: Ethnology Volume). Beijing : 中國大百科全書出版社 : 新華書店經銷 Zhongguo da bai ke quan shu chu ban she : Xin hua shu dian jing
1176:
Yabu Shirō 藪 司郎 (1988). A preliminary report on the study of the Maru, Lashi and Atsi languages of Burma. In
Yoshiaki Ishizawa (ed.), Historical and cultural studies in Burma, 65-132. Tokyo: Institute of Asian Studies, Sophia
289:
In China, the Zaiwa ဇိုင်ဝါး/အဇီး 载瓦 (local
Chinese exonym: Xiaoshan ရှောင့်ရှန် 小山), Lhao Vo 浪速 (local Chinese exonym: Lang'e 浪峨), Lashi 勒期 (local Chinese exonym: Chashan 茶山), and Pela 波拉 are officially classified as
646:. Demonstrates the Southern, Burmese cluster vs. Northern, Achang-Zaiwa cluster classification found in Lama (2012). Languages in the Burmish group of the Lolo-Burmese group appear in shades of blue.
998:
A manual of the
Lawngwaw or Măru language, containing: the grammatical principles of the language, glossaries of special terms, colloquial exercises, and Maru-English and English-Maru vocabularies.
1817:
1808:
305:
for the various
Burmish groups as well as for Jingpho which is not a Burmish language, with both Chinese character and IPA transcriptions (given in square brackets).
1003:
Dai, Qing-xia (1981). "Zai-wa-yu shi-dong fan-chou di xing-tai bian-hua" (Morphological changes in the Zaiwa causative-verb category), in Min-zu yu-wen 1981.4:36-41.
1155:
Yabu Shirō 藪 司郎 (1981a). "ビルマ語タウンヨウ方言の資料 Birumago
Taunyou hōgen no shiryō / Linguistic Data of the Taung'yo Dialect of the Burmese Language." アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究
1094:(Pacific Linguistics C-104). Canberra, A.C.T., Australia: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University:109-114.
1162:
Yabu Shirō 藪 司郎 (1981b). "ビルマ語ダヌ方言の会話テキスト Birumago Danu hōgen no kaiwa tekisuto / Conversational Texts of the Danu
Dialect of Burmese." アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究
1050:
2059:
1070:
Müller, André (2016). Linguistic convergence within the 'Kachin' languages. The Newsletter: International Institute for Asian Studies, (75):34-35.
1202:
832:
Mann (1998: 16, 137) in contrast groups together Achang, Bela (by which he probably means Bola), Lashi, Maru, and Atsi together as North Burmic.
799:(Burling 1967, Dai 1981, Yabu 1982, Xu and Xu 1984, Luce 1985: Charts S, T, V; Dai 1986, Huang et al. 1992, Wannemacher 1995-7, Wannemacher 1998)
1148:藪 司郎 (1980). "ビルマ語ヨー方言の資料 Birumago Yō hōgen no shiryō / Linguistic Data of the Yaw Dialect of the Burmese Language." アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究
1171:
Atsigo kiso goishū / Classified dictionary of the Atsi or Zaiwa language (Sadon dialect) with Atsi, Japanese and English indexes.
1029:
Hill, Nathan, & Cooper, Douglas. (2020). A machine readable collection of lexical data on the Burmish languages . Zenodo.
1128:
Wannemacher, Mark W. (1995-7). Notes on Achang, Atsi, Jinghpaw, Lashi, and Maru. (unpublished manuscript cited by Mann 1998).
2052:
817:(Clerk 1911, Burling 1967, Luce 1985: Charts S, T, V; Okell 1988; Dai et al.: 1991; Huang et al. 1992; Wannemacher 1995-7)
1195:
643:
1404:
3379:
2045:
1929:
2976:
1188:
3374:
2479:
1987:
1934:
1590:
1016:(1986). "Some hitherto unpublished material on Northern (Megyaw) Hpun." John McCoy and Timothy Light, eds.
1023:
Xun Gong, & Nathan Hill. (2020, June 9). Materials for an Etymological Dictionary of Burmish. Zenodo.
2712:
1980:
1635:
1557:
1273:
1108:, report of research project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research):97-147.
3369:
2897:
2174:
627:
Based on innovations in their tonal systems, Lama (2012: 177–179) classifies the languages as follows:
1010:
Edmondson, Jerold A. (1992) Trip Notebook and Tapes on Bela Language. Unpublished, cited by Mann 1998.
2591:
1880:
1327:
1248:
1961:
1564:
1377:
1114:(1963). "A comparison of Arakanese and Burmese based on phonological formulae." Shorto, H.L. (ed.)
1955:
1741:
1625:
73:
17:
3348:
2117:
2112:
2068:
2001:
1994:
1774:
1708:
1211:
134:
79:
63:
2324:
1944:
1894:
1450:
2406:
3158:
1756:
1602:
1548:
733:
voiceless sonorants. The Maruic languages in contrast reflect voiceless preglottalized and
1013:
724:
Maingtha is a Northern Burmish language whose speakers are classified as a Shan subgroup.
8:
3282:
2852:
2499:
1939:
1529:
1356:
1287:
734:
1173:
Tokyo: 東京外国語大学アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所 Tōkyō Gaikokugo Daigaku Ajia Afurika Gengo Bunka Kenkyūjo.
939:
2740:
2076:
1780:
1389:
1255:
759:
747:
310:
302:
142:
120:
3332:
2888:
2785:
2672:
2602:
2456:
2436:
2411:
2161:
2132:
1888:
1848:
1826:
1791:
1750:
1688:
1682:
1662:
1456:
1444:
1427:
1335:
1281:
1261:
1056:
Maran, L. R. (1971a). "A note on the development of tonal systems in Tibeto-Burman."
180:
Many Burmish names are known by various names in different languages (Bradley 1997).
2504:
1063:
Maran, L. R. (1971b). "Burmese and Jingpho: a study of tonal linguistic processes."
3308:
3303:
3298:
3250:
3213:
3143:
3036:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2722:
2707:
2692:
2471:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2426:
2416:
2396:
2376:
2363:
2314:
2253:
2147:
1909:
1869:
1839:
1813:
1763:
1721:
1630:
1607:
1500:
1480:
1437:
1362:
1225:
1071:
820:
814:
755:
714:
695:
658:
595:
546:
530:
417:
391:
332:
320:
212:
158:
146:
138:
1487:
3203:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3077:
3057:
2823:
2813:
2803:
2780:
2775:
2702:
2662:
2641:
2421:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2319:
2268:
2258:
2238:
2212:
2207:
2142:
2137:
2122:
1901:
1855:
1714:
1596:
1535:
1369:
1316:
1307:
1293:
771:
765:
670:
263:
154:
58:
975:
Bernot, D. (1958). "rapports phonetiques entre le dialecte marma et le birman."
3218:
3208:
3138:
3118:
3113:
3082:
3041:
2947:
2942:
2921:
2916:
2879:
2869:
2859:
2828:
2755:
2750:
2545:
2519:
2489:
2461:
2446:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2288:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2243:
2187:
2107:
2091:
1971:
1949:
1863:
1832:
1768:
1728:
1702:
1676:
1653:
1576:
1522:
1494:
1463:
1341:
1267:
1104:
Sawada Hideo (1999). "Outline of Phonology of Lhaovo (Maru) of Kachin State/".
896:
847:
808:
796:
718:
699:
689:
570:
558:
472:
446:
362:
344:
246:
229:
166:
162:
1090:(1988). "Notes on Tone Alternation in Maru Verbs". David Bradley, et al. eds.
960:
Two Undescribed Dialects of Northern Burmish Sub-branch: Gyannoʔ and Thoʔlhang
3363:
3255:
3234:
3153:
3148:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3031:
3026:
3016:
3000:
2995:
2962:
2952:
2937:
2874:
2864:
2838:
2833:
2818:
2808:
2798:
2745:
2735:
2730:
2687:
2657:
2636:
2620:
2610:
2577:
2535:
2514:
2509:
2494:
2484:
2386:
2371:
2344:
2309:
2304:
2283:
2248:
2233:
2217:
2202:
2127:
1695:
1617:
1383:
1348:
1300:
1111:
1065:
Occasional Publications of the Wolfenden Society on Tibeto-Burman Linguistics
1058:
Occasional Publications of the Wolfenden Society on Tibeto-Burman Linguistics
802:
784:
778:
680:
582:
498:
377:
291:
280:
68:
2030:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
1145:
3163:
3021:
2697:
2615:
2561:
2540:
2349:
1669:
1585:
1541:
1470:
840:
David Bradley places aberrant Ugong with Burmish rather than with Loloish:
172:
The various Burmish languages have a total of 35 million native speakers.
2957:
2037:
2015:
1230:
1030:
1024:
717:, a recently discovered Northern Burmish language, is closely related to
150:
1180:
1099:
South East Asian linguistics: essays in honour of Eugénie J A Henderson.
1087:
1075:
901:
47:
1164:
Ajia Afurika gengo bunka kenkyū / Journal of Asian and African Studies
1157:
Ajia Afurika gengo bunka kenkyū / Journal of Asian and African Studies
1150:
Ajia Afurika gengo bunka kenkyū / Journal of Asian and African Studies
2008:
1649:
1414:
1221:
114:
811:(Luce 1985: Charts S, T, V; Huang et al. 1992; Wannemacher 1995-7)
1510:
1135:
Summer Institute of Linguistics/University of Texas at Arlington.
982:
Bernot, D. (1965). "The vowel systems of Arakanese and Tavoyan."
298:). The local Chinese exonym for the Jingpho proper is Dashan 大山.
43:
1423:
1238:
1106:
Linguistic & Anthropological Study of the Shan Culture Area
1092:
Prosodic Analysis and Asian Linguistics: to honour R.K. Sprigg.
149:) as well as non-literary languages spoken across Myanmar and
1419:
1234:
51:
1039:. Beijing: 中央民族大學出版社 Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe, 1992.
1053:. Unpublished thesis. Arlington: The University of Texas.
1138:
Xu Xijian 徐悉艱 and Xu Guizhen 徐桂珍 (1984). 景頗族語言簡誌(載瓦語) /
1116:
Linguistic Comparison in South East Asia and the Pacific
1051:
A phonological reconstruction of Proto Northern Burmic
805:(Dai et al.: 1991; Huang et al. 1992, Edmondson 1992)
1133:
Aspects of Zaiwa Prosody: an Autosegmental Account.
1037:
Zangmianyuzu yuyan cihui / A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon
1121:Taylor, L. F. (1922). "The dialects of Burmese."
1097:Okell, John (1989). "Yaw: a dialect of Burmese".
1044:Phases of Pre-Pagán Burma: Languages and History.
3361:
977:Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris
1879:
1326:
2053:
1196:
1080:Pe Maung Tin (1933). "The dialect of Tavoy."
1740:
1101:Ed. J H C S Davidson. London, SOAS:199-219.
940:"Research Foundation Language and Religion"
781:(Luce 1985: Charts S, T, V; Henderson 1986)
2067:
2060:
2046:
1203:
1189:
1210:
962:. Presented at ICSTLL 50, Beijing, China.
952:
921:
919:
301:Dai Qingxia (2005:3) lists the following
145:, and other Burmese dialects such as the
1000:Rangoon: American Baptist mission press.
870:Lashi, Achang; Bola; Chintau (= Xiandao)
1035:Huang Bufan 黃布凡, ed. (1992). 藏緬語族語言詞匯
768:(Huang et al. 1992, Wannemacher 1995-7)
14:
3362:
916:
2041:
1184:
1142:Beijing: 民族出版社Minzu chubanshe, 1984.
1123:Journal of the Burma Research Society
1082:Journal of the Burma Research Society
1031:http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3759030
1025:http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4311182
1018:Contributions to Sino-Tibetan Studies
1169:Yabu Shirō 藪 司郎 (1982). アツィ語基礎語彙集 /
644:Map of the Burmish-Loloish languages
929:. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House.
24:
1140:Jingpozu yuyan jianzhi (Zaiwa yu).
25:
3391:
835:
1403:
1046:Oxford: Oxford University Press.
993:Bloomington: Indiana University.
664:Achang–Zaiwa (Northern Burmish)
638:
727:
932:
889:
827:
622:
13:
1:
969:
141:(including Standard Burmese,
1131:Wannemacher, Mark W. (1998)
882:
758:(incl. Standard Burmese and
738:not classify Hpon and Nusu.
617:
602:(Echang 峨昌), the Jingpho as
7:
184:Names of Burmish languages
27:Sino-Tibetan language group
10:
3396:
3341:
3325:
3291:
3275:
3268:
3243:
3227:
3196:
3189:
3180:
3131:
3106:
3050:
3009:
2988:
2975:
2930:
2909:
2896:
2887:
2851:
2721:
2680:
2671:
2650:
2629:
2601:
2590:
2570:
2554:
2528:
2470:
2362:
2297:
2226:
2195:
2186:
2173:
2160:
2100:
2084:
2075:
2025:
1970:
1922:
1807:
1648:
1616:
1574:
1509:
1412:
1401:
1219:
1049:Mann, Noel Walter. 1998.
989:Burling, Robbins (1967).
751:studied Burmese dialect.
637:
632:
113:
98:
59:Linguistic classification
57:
37:
32:
1014:Henderson, Eugénie J. A.
406:Zha'e 杂蛾 ဇိုင်ဝါး/အဇီး
175:
598:refer to themselves as
3380:Lolo-Burmese languages
3017:Sani (Southeastern Yi)
2069:Lolo-Burmese languages
432:Jingpho 景颇 ဂျိန်းဖော
135:Sino-Tibetan languages
133:are a subgroup of the
1930:Central Tibeto-Burman
996:Clerk, F. V. (1911).
958:Sawada, Hideo. 2017.
400:Lang'e 浪峨 လော်ဝေါ်
3375:Languages of Myanmar
2977:Southeastern Loloish
1042:Luce, G. H. (1985).
925:Dai Qingxia (2005).
735:affricate consonants
311:autonyms and exonyms
303:autonyms and exonyms
2980:(Southeastern Ngwi)
2917:Nuosu (Northern Yi)
2814:Lolopo (Central Yi)
1988:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
991:Proto Lolo–Burmese.
774:(Huang et al. 1992)
507:Longwa 龙瓦 လုင်းငွာ
458:Shidong 石东 ရှီထုင်
313:
185:
2996:Nisu (Southern Yi)
1981:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
1923:Proposed groupings
1076:10.5167/uzh-127702
748:Arakanese language
661:(Southern Burmish)
484:Puwu 铺悟 ပေ ပါက်ဝူ
467:Buluo 布洛 ပါ့လော်
451:ဇိုင်ဝါး/အဇီးအမည်
441:Boluo 波洛 ပေါလော်
412:Buluo 布洛 ပါ့လော်
308:
183:
3370:Burmish languages
3357:
3356:
3342:(Proto-languages)
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3264:
3263:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3127:
3126:
2971:
2970:
2938:Nasu (Eastern Yi)
2922:Nyisu (Yellow Yi)
2847:
2846:
2794:
2793:
2688:Lalo (Western Yi)
2586:
2585:
2358:
2357:
2156:
2155:
2035:
2034:
1918:
1917:
1803:
1802:
1644:
1643:
1399:
1398:
927:A study of Langsu
650:
649:
523:
522:
510:Baowa 泡瓦 ပေါက်ဝါ
493:Buluo 布洛 ပါလော်
487:Zaiwu 载悟 ဇိုင်ဝု
403:Bowo 波沃 ပေါက်ဝေါ
340:ဂျိန်းဖောလူမျိုး
328:လော်ဝေါ် လူမျိုး
287:
286:
131:Burmish languages
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
3387:
3292:Nuclear Southern
3273:
3272:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3186:
2986:
2985:
2907:
2906:
2898:Northern Loloish
2894:
2893:
2678:
2677:
2599:
2598:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2175:Southern Loloish
2171:
2170:
2101:Nuclear Mondzish
2082:
2081:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2038:
1877:
1876:
1738:
1737:
1572:
1571:
1407:
1324:
1323:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1182:
1181:
963:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
936:
930:
923:
914:
913:
911:
909:
893:
756:Burmese language
642:
641:
630:
629:
519:Pela 波拉 ပေါ်လာ
516:Lashi 勒期 လချိတ်
490:Lashi 勒期 လချိတ်
481:Langwu 浪悟 လင်ဝူ
455:Lelang 勒浪 လက်လင်
409:Lashi 勒期 လချိတ်
314:
307:
186:
182:
147:Tavoyan dialects
123:
107:Southern Burmish
104:Northern Burmish
30:
29:
21:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3337:
3313:
3287:
3260:
3239:
3223:
3168:
3123:
3102:
3046:
3005:
2981:
2979:
2967:
2926:
2902:
2901:(Northern Ngwi)
2900:
2883:
2843:
2790:
2717:
2667:
2646:
2625:
2594:
2592:Central Loloish
2582:
2566:
2550:
2524:
2466:
2354:
2293:
2222:
2179:
2178:(Southern Ngwi)
2177:
2166:
2164:
2152:
2096:
2071:
2066:
2036:
2031:
2021:
1972:Proto-languages
1966:
1914:
1881:Greater Siangic
1875:
1812:
1799:
1736:
1640:
1612:
1570:
1514:
1505:
1417:
1408:
1395:
1328:Greater Magaric
1322:
1249:West Himalayish
1229:
1215:
1209:
972:
967:
966:
957:
953:
944:
942:
938:
937:
933:
924:
917:
907:
905:
895:
894:
890:
885:
838:
830:
730:
667:Achang cluster
659:Burmese cluster
639:
625:
620:
606:, the Lashi as
461:Zaiwa 载瓦 ဇိုင်ဝ
438:Leshi 勒施 လေရှီ
358:
352:အဇီး/ဇိုင်းဝါး
260:မိုင်သာ/အာချန်
178:
119:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3393:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3251:Lhao Vo (Maru)
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3107:Riverine Phula
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3051:Highland Phula
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2983:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2904:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2595:(Central Ngwi)
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2190:
2181:
2168:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1962:Tibeto-Kanauri
1959:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:Kuki-Chin–Naga
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1823:
1821:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1654:Southeast Asia
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1593:
1591:Angami–Pochuri
1588:
1582:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1516:
1515:Burmese border
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1433:
1431:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1332:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1085:
1078:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
971:
968:
965:
964:
951:
931:
915:
887:
886:
884:
881:
880:
879:
878:
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
872:
871:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:Ugong–Burmish
837:
836:Bradley (1997)
834:
829:
826:
825:
824:
823:also goes here
818:
815:Maru (Lhao Vo)
812:
806:
800:
793:
792:
788:
787:
782:
775:
769:
763:
744:
743:
729:
726:
712:
711:
710:
709:
708:
707:
706:
705:
704:
703:
693:
684:
677:Zaiwa cluster
675:
674:
673:
662:
648:
647:
635:
634:
633:External image
624:
621:
619:
616:
592:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
525:Autonyms are:
521:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
495:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
469:
468:
465:
464:Lashi 勒期 လချိ
462:
459:
456:
453:
443:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
424:
422:ဂျိန်းဖောအမည်
414:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
388:
387:
385:ပေါ်လာလူမျိုး
375:
360:
342:
330:
318:
285:
284:
278:
275:
272:
268:
267:
261:
258:
255:
251:
250:
244:
241:
238:
234:
233:
227:
226:ဇိုင်ဝါး/အဇီး
224:
221:
217:
216:
210:
207:
204:
200:
199:
196:
193:
192:Jinghpaw name
190:
177:
174:
137:consisting of
125:
124:
117:
111:
110:
109:
108:
105:
100:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
88:
87:
61:
55:
54:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3392:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3349:Proto-Loloish
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:High Northern
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2002:Proto-Karenic
1999:
1997:
1996:
1995:Proto-Loloish
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1956:Tibeto-Burman
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1742:Burmo-Qiangic
1739:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1636:Jingpho–Luish
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:Baram–Thangmi
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:Sprigg, R. K.
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
974:
973:
961:
955:
941:
935:
928:
922:
920:
904:
903:
898:
892:
888:
869:
866:
865:
864:Core Burmish
863:
860:
859:
857:
854:
853:
851:
849:
846:
845:
843:
842:
841:
833:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
794:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
757:
754:
753:
752:
749:
741:
740:
739:
736:
725:
722:
720:
716:
701:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
685:
682:
679:
678:
676:
672:
669:
668:
666:
665:
663:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
651:
645:
636:
631:
628:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
586:
584:
580:
578:
574:
572:
568:
566:
562:
560:
556:
554:
553:tʃiŋ˧˩ pʰoʔ˧˩
550:
548:
544:
542:
538:
534:
532:
528:
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437:
434:
431:
429:
425:
423:
419:
416:
415:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
397:
396:လော်ဝေါ်အမည်
393:
390:
389:
386:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
368:
364:
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359:
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338:
334:
331:
329:
326:
322:
319:
316:
315:
312:
306:
304:
299:
297:
296:Bolayu Yanjiu
293:
292:Jingpo people
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
269:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
218:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:Chinese name
197:
195:Burmese name
194:
191:
188:
187:
181:
173:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
122:
118:
116:
112:
106:
103:
102:
101:
97:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
75:
74:Burmo-Qiangic
72:
71:
70:
69:Tibeto-Burman
67:
66:
65:
62:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
42:
36:
31:
19:
3244:Mid Northern
3181:
2027:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1954:
1900:
1893:
1868:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1831:
1790:
1785:
1775:Lolo-Burmese
1773:
1749:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1595:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1540:
1528:
1521:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1443:
1436:
1388:
1382:
1368:
1361:
1347:
1340:
1315:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1280:
1266:
1254:
1247:
1212:Sino-Tibetan
1170:
1166:22: 124-138.
1163:
1159:21: 154-187.
1156:
1152:19: 164-182.
1149:
1139:
1132:
1122:
1115:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:23.1: 31-46.
1081:
1064:
1057:
1043:
1036:
1017:
997:
990:
986:15: 463-474.
983:
979:53: 273-294.
976:
959:
954:
943:. Retrieved
934:
926:
906:. Retrieved
900:
891:
839:
831:
797:Atsi (Zaiwa)
745:
731:
728:Nishi (1999)
723:
713:
653:
626:
611:
607:
603:
599:
593:
588:
581:
576:
569:
564:
557:
552:
549:ဂျိန်းဖော 景颇
545:
540:
536:
529:
524:
513:Diwa 氐瓦 တိဝါ
502:
476:
450:
435:Aji 阿纪 အကျိ
427:
421:
395:
384:
381:
372:
369:
366:
357:
354:
351:
348:
339:
336:
327:
324:
300:
295:
288:
249:喇期, Lèqí 勒期
179:
171:
130:
128:
99:Subdivisions
84:
80:Lolo-Burmese
64:Sino-Tibetan
40:distribution
2982:(Axi-Puoid)
2016:Proto-Hakka
1945:Mahakiranti
1451:East Bodish
1231:Uttarakhand
1177:University.
1088:Okell, John
828:Mann (1998)
686:Leqi–Zaiwa
623:Lama (2012)
600:ŋɔ˧˩ tʃʰaŋ˥
577:lă˧˩ tʃʰi˥˩
565:tsai˧˩ va˥˩
503:ပေါ်လာအမည်
151:South China
3364:Categories
3283:Intha-Danu
3276:Intha-Danu
1910:Idu–Taraon
1864:Miju–Meyor
1757:Gyalrongic
1603:Tangkhulic
1378:Raji–Raute
1146:Yabu Shirō
1125:11: 89-97.
1118:: 109-132.
1020:: 101-134.
970:References
945:2020-02-17
908:3 December
902:Ethnologue
867:Maru, Atsi
541:lɔ̃˥˩ vɔ˧˩
48:Bangladesh
38:Geographic
3010:Sani–Azha
2853:Kazhuoish
2180:(Hanoish)
2009:Proto-Min
1940:Macro-Bai
1818:Arunachal
1811:(possible
1626:Boro–Garo
1530:Kuki-Chin
1513:and Indo-
1428:Arunachal
1415:Himalayas
1390:Tandrange
1357:Chepangic
1288:Dhimalish
1222:Himalayas
897:"Burmish"
883:Footnotes
779:Hpon/Hpun
760:Arakanese
618:Languages
612:tsai˧ wu˥
608:tsai˧wu˧˩
589:po˧˩ la˧˩
585:ပေါ်လာ 波拉
573:လချိတ် 勒期
537:Lang'e 浪峨
533:လန့်စု 浪速
501:name 波拉语
477:လရှီအမည်
475:name 勒期语
449:name 载瓦语
420:name 景颇语
394:name 浪速语
254:Ngochang
203:Lawngwaw
143:Arakanese
115:Glottolog
3333:Pai-lang
3326:Pai-lang
3269:Southern
3190:Northern
2903:(Nisoid)
2786:Gomotage
2457:Khongsat
2437:Phongset
2412:Sangkong
2133:Muangphe
2077:Mondzish
1814:isolates
1781:Mondzish
1709:Cai–Long
1457:Tshangla
1413:Eastern
1256:Tamangic
1226:Himachal
1220:Western
1214:branches
858:Burmish
852:Burmish
698:(Maru),
426:Moru 默汝
373:လူမျိုး
355:လူမျိုး
317:Language
309:Burmish
189:Autonym
153:such as
121:burm1266
3309:Tavoyan
3304:Rakhine
3299:Burmese
3214:Chashan
3182:Burmish
3037:Alingpo
2889:Nisoish
2771:Laizisi
2766:Kuamasi
2761:Kua-nsi
2708:Xuzhang
2693:Yangliu
2673:Lisoish
2651:Nusoish
2630:Lahoish
2603:Lawoish
2452:Bantang
2442:Phunyot
2432:Phongku
2427:Laoseng
2417:Tsukong
2397:Sinsali
2377:Laomian
2315:Baihong
2254:Luomian
2162:Loloish
2148:Mongphu
2028:Italics
1889:Siangic
1870:Songlin
1849:Kho-Bwa
1827:Hrusish
1809:Dubious
1792:Loloish
1786:Burmish
1751:Qiangic
1722:Longjia
1689:Karenic
1683:Nungish
1663:Sinitic
1549:Hkongso
1511:Myanmar
1481:Gongduk
1445:Tibetic
1363:Chepang
1336:Magaric
1282:Kiranti
1262:Newaric
855:Burmese
821:Chashan
772:Xiandao
715:Chashan
654:Burmish
596:Chashan
561:အဇီး 载瓦
547:Jingpho
531:Lhao Vo
418:Jingpho
392:Lhao Vo
380:people
370:လချိတ်
365:people
347:people
335:people
333:Jingpho
323:people
321:Lhao Vo
277:ပေါ်လာ
237:Lachik
220:Tsaiwa
159:Lhao Vo
139:Burmese
85:Burmish
44:Myanmar
33:Burmish
18:Burmish
3204:Achang
3132:others
3098:Zokhuo
3093:Thopho
3088:Phukha
3078:Laghuu
3058:Khlula
2931:Nasoid
2910:Nosoid
2824:Hlersu
2804:Toloza
2781:Sonaga
2776:Zibusi
2741:Lang'e
2723:Taloid
2703:Mangdi
2681:Laloid
2663:Zauzou
2642:Kucong
2500:Phana’
2472:Siloid
2422:Laopan
2402:Cantan
2392:Phunoi
2382:Laopin
2364:Bisoid
2320:Bukong
2269:Guozuo
2259:Angluo
2239:Nuomei
2213:Muteun
2208:Chepya
2188:Hanoid
2167:(Ngwi)
2143:Motang
2138:Mauphu
2123:Mantsi
1902:Milang
1856:Puroik
1840:Mijiic
1764:Ersuic
1715:Caijia
1631:Konyak
1597:Meitei
1501:Chamdo
1438:Bodish
1424:Bhutan
1370:Bhujel
1317:Lepcha
1308:Lhokpu
1294:Dhimal
1239:Sikkim
984:Lingua
791:Maruic
766:Achang
742:Burmic
702:(Atsi)
696:Langsu
692:(Leqi)
683:(Bola)
671:Achang
428:မိုရူ
264:Āchāng
240:Lashi
213:Làngsù
165:, and
155:Achang
3219:Zaiwa
3209:Lashi
3139:Pholo
3119:Phupa
3114:Phola
3083:Phowa
3042:Samei
2948:Luoji
2943:Chesu
2880:Meuma
2870:Sanie
2860:Katso
2829:Micha
2756:Naruo
2751:Popei
2546:Kaduo
2529:Bi-Ka
2520:Gokhy
2505:Wanyä
2490:Cosao
2462:Habei
2447:Cauho
2407:Cốông
2340:Duota
2335:Duoni
2330:Suobi
2298:Haoni
2289:Kabie
2279:Yiche
2274:Gehuo
2264:Guohe
2244:Nuobi
2118:Mango
2113:Manga
2108:Maang
2092:Kathu
2085:Kathu
1833:Hruso
1729:Luren
1703:Kathu
1677:Tujia
1565:Taman
1536:Mruic
1523:Karbi
1464:Basum
1420:Tibet
1342:Magar
1268:Newar
1235:Nepal
848:Ugong
809:Lashi
719:Lashi
700:Zaiwa
690:Lashi
604:phuk˥
571:Lashi
559:Zaiwa
473:Lashi
447:Zaiwa
363:Lashi
345:Zaiwa
271:Pela
243:လရှီ
230:Zǎiwǎ
223:Atsi
206:Maru
176:Names
167:Zaiwa
163:Lashi
52:India
3256:Pela
3235:Hpon
3228:Hpon
3154:Xiqi
3149:Long
3144:Ache
3073:Moji
3068:Muzi
3063:Muji
3032:Azha
3027:Azhe
3001:Lope
2989:Nisu
2963:Aluo
2953:Gepo
2875:Sadu
2865:Samu
2839:Limi
2834:Lamu
2819:Mili
2809:Lipo
2799:Lisu
2746:Tagu
2736:Lavu
2731:Talu
2658:Nusu
2637:Lahu
2621:Lewu
2611:Lawu
2578:Jino
2571:Jino
2536:Piyo
2515:Luma
2510:Akeu
2495:Paza
2485:Khir
2480:Sila
2387:Pyen
2372:Bisu
2345:Asuo
2325:Budu
2310:Woni
2305:Honi
2284:Qidi
2249:Lami
2234:Hani
2227:Hani
2218:Muda
2203:Akha
2196:Akha
2165:(Yi)
2128:Maza
1950:Rung
1895:Koro
1769:Naic
1696:Gong
1652:and
1650:East
1608:Zeme
1577:Naga
1495:Tani
1488:ʼOle
1384:Dura
1349:Kham
1301:Toto
1007:xiao
910:2022
861:Hpun
803:Bola
785:Danu
746:The
681:Pela
594:The
583:Pela
499:Pela
378:Pela
281:Bōlā
247:Lāqí
209:မရူ
129:The
3164:Adu
3159:Ati
3022:Axi
2713:Alu
2698:Eka
2616:Awu
2562:Mpi
2555:Mpi
2541:Enu
2350:Amu
1816:) (
1670:Bai
1618:Sal
1558:Pyu
1542:Mru
1471:Nam
1072:doi
614:.)
539:):
382:波拉
367:勒期
349:载瓦
337:景颇
325:浪速
283:波拉
266:阿昌
232:载瓦
215:浪速
3366::
2958:Ku
1586:Ao
1426:,
1422:,
1237:,
1233:,
1067:4.
1060:2.
918:^
899:.
721:.
587::
575::
563::
551::
274:-
257:-
169:.
161:,
157:,
50:,
46:,
2061:e
2054:t
2047:v
1820:)
1579:"
1575:"
1474:?
1430:)
1418:(
1387:–
1241:)
1228:,
1224:(
1204:e
1197:t
1190:v
1074::
948:.
912:.
777:?
762:)
610:(
535:(
294:(
76:?
20:)
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