877:
752:
708:
896:
955:; however, some articles in the constitution, as well as other laws and policies, restrict those rights. In practice the government enforced those restrictions. "Muslims continue to experience the most severe forms of legal, economic, religious, educational, and social restrictions and discrimination". The military dictatorship rejects or ignores their requests when they want to build mosques in the country or to go abroad for religious ceremonies. Although there is limited freedom of religion in Burma, Muslims decided not to hold
600:
727:, largely on foot. The refugees suffered terribly and thousands died. Some of the Indian community remained in Burma during the war; others returned after the war, although many never did. After independence, Burmese law treated a large percentage of the Indian community as 'resident aliens.' Though many had long ties to Burma or were born there, they were not considered citizens under the 1982 Burma citizenship law which restricted citizenship for groups immigrating before 1823.
195:
1342:
225:
1112:, university lecturers, pharmacists, opticians, lawyers and doctors. They dominated several types of businesses such as auto parts and electrical goods, ironmongery and hardware, printing and bookbinding, books and stationery, paper and printing ink, tailoring and dry-cleaning, English tuition, and money lending. They traded in textiles, gold and jewellery, where the market was traditionally dominated by Burmese women. The
3993:
643:. By 1931, there were more than one million Indians in Burma, about 7% of the population, and were mostly concentrated in Lower Burma. The census of 1931 enumerated 1,017,825 Indians in Burma with 617,521 born in India. Per the census of 1931, the total population of Rangoon was 400,415 out of which comprised 212,929 Indians. They comprised 2.5% of population in
1126:
695:
escalated into large-scale anti-Indian riots in the city. Over 200 Indians were killed and their bodies flung into the river. Authorities ordered the police to fire upon any assembly of five or more who refused to lay down their arms, under
Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Within two days the riot spread throughout the country to locations such as
1116:
of Burma functioned as moneylenders and have been thought crucial in the growth in agricultural output of Burma during the colonial era. Today, many
Indians live in central Rangoon on both sides of the Su Lei Paya Road and are largely involved in businesses, including restaurants, jewellery shops and
734:
ordered a large-scale expulsion of
Indians. Although many Indians had been living in Burma for generations and had integrated into Burmese society, they became a target for discrimination and oppression by the junta. This, along with a wholesale nationalisation of private ventures in 1964, led to the
694:
at the port of
Rangoon employed Burmese workers in an attempt to break a strike organised by its Indian workers. When, on 26 May, the strike ended and the Indians returned to work, clashes developed between the returning Indian workers and the Burmese workers who had replaced them. The clashes soon
683:). Indians played a prominent role in the British administration and became the target of Burmese nationalists. Racial animosity toward Indians because of their skin-colour and appearance also played a role. Meanwhile, the price of rice plummeted during the economic depression of the 1930s and the
273:
in 1937. During colonial times, ethnic
Indians formed the backbone of the government and economy serving as soldiers, civil servants, merchants, moneylenders, mobile laborers and dock workers. A series of anti-Indian riots in the 1930s and mass emigration at the onset of the Japanese invasion of
1107:
Historically, Burmese
Indians have made their livelihoods as merchants, traders and shopkeepers as well as manual labourers such as coolies, dockers, municipal workers, rickshaw men, pony cart drivers, malis and durwans. They were also heavily represented in certain professions such as
1386:
Manipuri language, Manipuri
Meiteilon, also called Meitei (Meetei), a Tibeto-Burman language spoken predominantly in Manipur, a northeastern state of India. Smaller speech communities exist in the Indian states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura, as well as in Bangladesh and Myanmar
662:
in 1885, numerous infrastructure projects started by the
British colonial government and increases in rice cultivation in the delta region caused an unprecedented economic boom in Burma that drew many Indians, particularly from southern India, to the
930:
Predominantly, Burmese
Indians are Hindu. The practice of Hinduism among Burmese Indians is also influenced by Buddhism. In addition of Hindu deities, the Buddha is also worshiped and many Hindu temples in Myanmar house statues of the Buddha.
269:. While Indians have lived in Burma for many centuries, most of the ancestors of the current Burmese Indian community emigrated to Burma from the start of British rule in the mid-19th century to the separation of British Burma from
735:
emigration of over 300,000 ethnic
Indians from Burma. Indian-owned businesses as well as Burmese businesses were nationalised due to the so-called "Burmese way to Socialism". Many Indians returned and were given 175
612:
Before the British conquest, the Indians in Lower Burma primarily engaged in trade. The small Indian community was located almost wholly in during and preceding eras. After 1852, they migrated to
1577:
739:
for their trip to India. This caused a significant deterioration in Indian-Burmese relations and the Indian government arranged ferries and aircraft to lift Burmese of Indian ethnicity out of
723:, and about 16% of the population of Burma was ethnically Indian. As a consequence of the Japanese invasion of 1942, half a million members of the Indian community fled Burma overland into
1635:
281:
Burmese Indians today are estimated to account for approximately 5% (about 2.0–2.5 million people) of the population of Burma and are concentrated largely in the two major cities (
1427:
Egreteau, Renaud (June 2014). "The Idealization of a Lost Paradise: Narratives of Nostalgia and Traumatic Return among Indian Repatriates from Burma since the 1960s".
679:, anti-Indian sentiments began to rise for a number of reasons. The number of ethnic Indians was growing rapidly (almost half of Yangon's population was Indian by the
843:
3237:
658:, a steady stream of Indians moved to Burma as civil servants, engineers, river pilots, soldiers, indentured labourers, and traders. Following the annexation of
3167:
363:
ascribes the origins of this term to a calque of two Burmese words: ကူး+ လာ (lit. "to cross over "), although this etymology has no scholarly basis. The term
3177:
1205:
was born in Sodugudi, Ilayangudi, a politician in South-East Asia of Indian origin. Before the Second World War Karim Ghani was a parliamentary secretary in
620:. Their population rapidly rose from 37,000 in 1871 in Lower Burma to 297,000 in 1901 with 86% being born outside Burma by that year. Most Indians were from
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3132:
3018:
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3197:
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3117:
3013:
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1324:
446:. During the pre-colonial era, Westerners, including those from the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and Europe, were collectively known as
3443:
3414:
3399:
3351:
3326:
3282:
3107:
3082:
2929:
2858:
3593:
3424:
3272:
3047:
3003:
2998:
2949:
2768:
US Department of State, Burma, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices- 2005. Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2626:
Prasenjit K. Basu " Asia Reborn: A Continent Rises from the Ravages of Colonialism and War to a New Dynamism", Publisher: Aleph Book Company
3573:
3568:
3473:
3331:
3042:
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1185:, a leader of Communist Party of Burma and founding member from the 1940s to the 1960s, killed in an internal purge in 1967. was an ethnic
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which has a militant wing and, despite a swelling of its ranks following anti-Muslim riots in the eighties, remains a very minor force.
5161:
5155:
4331:
3583:
3498:
3242:
3122:
2656:
Tamil Studies Abroad, A Symposium edited by Xavier S. Thaninayagam, published by the International Association of Tamil Research, 1968:
1731:
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3981:
3523:
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3257:
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1233:
4563:
2804:
2191:
2120:
876:
2256:
1462:
Egreteau, Renaud (1 February 2011). "Burmese Indians in contemporary Burma: heritage, influence, and perceptions since 1988".
794:) also has Indian origins. Traditions of kingship including coronation ceremonies and formal royal titles as well as those of
4568:
4351:
4224:
2356:
2039:
2014:
1715:
1619:
274:
Burma in 1942 were followed in the 1960s by the forced migration of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Indians, exacerbated by
4718:
2186:
Okudaira, Ryuji; Huxley, Andrew (2001). "A Burmese Tract on Kingship: Political Theory in the 1782 Manuscript of Manugye".
1109:
5217:
5202:
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4012:
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1138:
212:
208:
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from South India, who were prominent moneylenders in the rice belt, began to foreclose on land held by native Burmese.
5192:
4164:
3789:
2797:
1886:
1855:
1824:
1793:
1670:
1534:
2688:"Dialogue with a Shan Leader: H.R.H. Hso Khan Pha" - Tiger Yawnghwe or Prince Hso Khan Pha; he is the eldest son of
556:
in reference to a "native of continental India" was documented in dictionaries. Burma was administered as a part of
5212:
5207:
4204:
2678:
Myanmar Muslim History, Myanmar Muslim Students Association, Rangoon Arts and Science University. Limited Edition.
1550:
934:
Burmese Muslims, some of them of mixed blood born of Burmese mothers and some of them with full Burmese blood, (
4052:
5227:
5222:
1319:
334:
4884:
3974:
1785:
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275:
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for the majority of its time under British occupation between 1826 and 1948. Colonial exploitation during
4030:
830:
342:
2727:, Vol. XXVI, 1936, p. 6. and Mr. R. B. Smart, Burma Gazetteer-Akyab District, vol. A, Rangoon. 1957
442:
stone inscriptions dating to the 1100s, and was the name of a prominent 17th century Burmese historian,
4879:
4864:
4468:
3850:
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and have a major socio-cultural presence within the country. Amongst the well-known Burmese Indians is
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3943:
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2314:
2212:
5132:
4362:
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3967:
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engendered nationalist and anti-Indian sentiment among locals, which was reinforced in the use of
5137:
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4426:
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1816:
655:
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because of the jobs available in the expanding economy and the new provincial bureaucracy of the
591:
to its censored words, creating collateral censorship for related words like chair and chickpea.
404:
228:
2704:
after Burma's independence from British colonial rule. Interview with Dr Tayza, Chief Editor of
2373:
2348:
1498:
711:
Indians on 39th Street, Rangoon, leaving Burma in the wake of the Japanese bombing December 1941
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3636:
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1158:
880:
236:
1872:
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1810:
1708:
The Hidden History of Burma: Race, Capitalism, and the Crisis of Democracy in the 21st Century
1551:"Opening a Can of Worms in Burmese Teaching: Tackling Controversial Words in a Language Class"
838:, although exact figures do not exist due to uncertainties over census results and methods in
5065:
4973:
4963:
4691:
4433:
4146:
4115:
4047:
4025:
3912:
3663:
2711:
Dr Than Tun (History Professor, Mandalay University) "The Story of Myanmar Told in Pictures".
2199:
1935:
1779:
763:
561:
1781:
The Burma Delta: Economic Development and Social Change on an Asian Rice Frontier, 1852–1941
899:
The Bengali Sunni Jameh Mosque, built in the colonial era, is one of many mosques in Yangon.
842:. Disaffected young Indians often flee the cities and join ethnic resistance movements. The
5115:
5075:
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4931:
4543:
4453:
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4119:
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presiding over important ceremonies such as weddings and ear-piercings but most notably in
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8:
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2924:
2717:
D. G. E. Hall, Daniel George Edward Hall, "A History of South East Asia", New York, 1968.
1878:
1329:
1195:, born Helen Jairag Richardson Khan in Rangoon on 14 July 1938, she fled to India during
952:
924:
707:
183:
105:
2778:
Burma's Rangoon University 1957, History lecture by Professor Kyaw Thet's YouTube video
2749:, Maurice Stewart Collis, Arakan's place in the civilization of the Bay, Journal of the
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2080:
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1479:
1444:
1096:
834:
829:. Today they form approximately 2% (about 950,000) of the population, according to the
751:
451:
424:
367:
also phonetically resembles the word for "black" in several Indic languages, including
298:
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1971:
1636:"Let's Talk About Racism | Movies tell us to use 'kaala' as an all-weather insult"
809:
Burmese Indians came from various groups from different parts of India, including
381:), and is used by Indians as an ethnic slur for dark-skinned people and Africans.
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1252:, prominent Burmese lawyer and an expert on constitutional law, legal advisor to
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85:
81:
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Bertil Lintner, Swedish journalist, expert on Burma, 17th. of April 1988 in the
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2347:. London: Oxford University Press for the Institute of Race Relations. p.
2288:
2068:
1346:
1272:(20 January 1898 – 19 July 1947; Arabic: Abdul Razak) Burmese politician
1239:
1226:
Saya Rajan aka Aung Naing, a communist trade union leader captured in the 1950s
1186:
1167:
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1088:
1000:
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77:
2779:
1758:"Facebook Bans Racist Word 'Kalar' in Myanmar, Triggers Collateral Censorship"
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101:
2343:
The Indian minority in Burma: the rise and decline of an immigrant community
1578:"(Mis)Interpretations of Burmese Words: In the case of the term Kala (Kula)"
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due to years of assimilation and lack of education in languages other than
920:
736:
716:
680:
636:
302:
232:
127:
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1440:
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257:(Burma). The term 'Burmese Indian' refers to a broad range of people from
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3434:
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3346:
3262:
3207:
3033:
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2893:
1202:
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1016:
956:
696:
676:
659:
654:. Starting with the annexation of Tenasserim and Western Burma after the
644:
628:. Over 60% in the last decades of 19th century were from Madras (present
617:
613:
290:
579:
by some members of the Burmese Indian community. In 2017, following the
4506:
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3419:
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3307:
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2461:"Manipur | History, Government, Map, Capital, & Facts | Britannica"
2076:
1314:
1020:
976:
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576:
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266:
258:
151:
2723:
D. G. E. Hall, Studies in Dutch Relations with Arakan, Journal of the
2675:
The Sikh Regiment in the Second World War, Colonel F. T. Birdwood OBE.
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3533:
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2596:
2161:. New York: The Norton Library 1963. pp. 436, 249–251, 348, 450.
1847:
1220:
1113:
1008:
795:
691:
635:
There were no effective curbs on Indian immigration until the eve of
61:
2720:
G. E. Harvey, Geoffrey Eric Harvey, "History of Burma", London 1925.
1732:"How the word 'kalar' is a depressing indictment of Myanmar society"
1365:
1363:
502:) were used as Burmese exonyms for Europeans. To this day, the word
224:
3619:
2697:
2650:
2152:
1263:
1040:
1024:
1012:
971:
Burmese Indians are from an array of linguistic groups, mostly are
916:
904:
826:
818:
784:
779:
775:
684:
584:
286:
135:
120:
57:
53:
2781:
In English about Chittiers, Irrawaddy Delta Agriculture and loans.
1612:
Indian and Chinese Immigrant Communities: Comparative Perspectives
4056:
3738:
3679:
3528:
3287:
2448:
Meitei, also spelled Meetei or Meithei, also called Manipuri, ...
2009:. London, New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 43–44, 98, 56–57, 176.
1911:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 111, 36, 37, 29, 30, 32.
1874:
South East Asia, Colonial History: High imperialism (1890s-1930s)
1269:
1092:
1076:
1072:
988:
941:
912:
839:
803:
782:, the Burmese New Year festival. The Burmese poetry tradition of
629:
388:
has been borrowed into a number of regional languages, including
254:
167:
159:
4607:
4528:
3824:
3719:
3393:
3252:
2883:
2693:
2023:
1210:
1142:
1068:
1036:
1028:
1004:
972:
888:
810:
731:
730:
After he seized power through a military coup in 1962, General
650:
The majority of Indians arrived in Burma whilst it was part of
492:
443:
282:
240:
49:
2739:, Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Purves Phayre, Journal of the
2659:
The Chettiars in Burma by Sean Turnell, Economics Department,
2057:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1966:
1964:
927:
have good and peaceful relationships with the native Burmese.
798:
in origin. Many Burmese dishes and breads came as a result of
719:, almost half of Rangoon's (modern-day Yangon) population was
3992:
2413:. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
1249:
1206:
1060:
1048:
908:
850:
of Indian origin is routinely labelled by the government as "
740:
724:
720:
368:
294:
262:
250:
143:
1499:"Indian Migrants in Myanmar: Emerging Trends and Challenges"
1179:, a communist leader and founding member killed in the 1960s
5120:
1961:
372:
350:
2714:
Elizabeth Moore, Myanmar Historical Research Journal 2004.
1839:
1125:
297:). They wield considerable influence and control over the
2653:(History Professor, Mandalay University) "Bagan Culture",
2647:, Rangoon University Press, Rangoon, Burma, January 1960.
2101:. United Nations Human Rights Commission. 15 October 1982
1610:
Bhattacharya, Jayati; Kripalani, Coonoor (1 March 2015).
802:, prominently reflected in the Burmese version of Indian
1199:
and became famous for playing the vamp in Indian cinema.
1242:, an Indian freedom fighter and Minister of Health in
1023:. Prior to the expulsion of Indians, there were also
2127:. Vol. 7, no. 3. March 1999. Archived from
1609:
1120:
359:(ကုလ), which means "noble", "noble race", or "pure".
313:, a well-known Bollywood film actress who is also of
2753:, 50th Anniversary publications No.2, Rangoon, 1960.
341:). The origins of the term itself are disputed. The
2484:
2374:"BURMA 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT"
506:features in many Burmese compound words, including
427:, a diverse community of migrants from present-day
2340:
261:, most notably from present-day countries such as
2289:"Myanmar's Tamils seek to protect their identity"
1808:
1019:as well as the present-day independent nation of
702:
632:). 30% were from Bengal in 1881 and 25% in 1901.
552:or 'chickpea')" By 1886, the conventional use of
5184:
2763:Office of UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
2645:The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma
2631:Myanmar: A Neglected Area of Tamil Lexicography.
2121:"India and Burma: working on their relationship"
2007:Burma - Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity
1870:
1325:Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin
1155:film and theatre actress who was born in Burma.
2485:Turnell, Sean; Ward, RL; Campbell, BJ (2008).
2185:
2113:
1909:Muslims of Burma - A study of a Minority Group
1660:
987:), coming from Myanmar's western neighborhood
979:. There is also significant population of the
603:Manipuri Brahmins in British Burma, circa 1900
3975:
3695:
2805:
935:
2819:
2371:
2004:
1774:
1496:
1145:of mixed Burmese, Irish and French ancestry.
813:(majority) and also minority groups such as
345:officially traces the etymology of the word
2575:
2338:
2250:
2248:
2233:. United States Central Intelligence Agency
2171:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1906:
1079:. All can and were able to communicate in
959:in 2012 due to Rakhine-Rohingya strikes in
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1920:
1918:
951:The constitution grants limited rights to
2580:. Rangoon University Islamic Association.
2286:
2054:
1170:, the wife of former President of India,
670:
568:as an exonym with negative connotations.
5171:of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean
2773:Amnesty International's report on Burma
2592:"U.A. Khader, in his own words - KERALA"
2254:
2245:
1976:, Charles Scribner's Sons, November 2002
1840:Tanka B. Subba, A.C. Sinha, ed. (2015).
1812:Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar)
1461:
1426:
1397:
1395:
1124:
894:
875:
750:
706:
598:
454:used by Burmese speakers. For instance,
305:, a leading practitioner and teacher of
223:
5158:of France in the southwest Indian Ocean
2287:Natarajan, Swaminathan (6 March 2014).
2055:Christian, John (March 1943). "Burma".
1924:
1915:
1705:
872:Hinduism in Southeast Asia § Burma
770:as the cradle of Buddhism, and ancient
213:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5185:
2315:"Myanmar's Hindu community looks west"
2192:School of Oriental and African Studies
2029:
1685:
1091:is the most spoken Indian language in
438:has a long history; it is attested in
3963:
3683:
2793:
2148:
2146:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1529:. Myanmar Language Commission. 1993.
1392:
607:
2569:
1928:Burmese Indians: The Forgotten Lives
1755:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1256:until 2017 when he was assassinated.
44:Regions with significant populations
2641:G.H. Luce or Gordon Hannington Luce
2545:"Veteran Actor Bhanumati Devi dead"
2339:Chakravarti, Nalini Ranjan (1971).
1843:Nepali Diaspora in a Globalised Era
1706:Myint-U, Thant (12 November 2019).
1576:Saw, Khin Maung (20 January 2016).
1575:
1161:, martyred after failed attempt of
1075:by faith hailing from the state of
755:A Hindu temple procession in Yangon
13:
3709:
2620:
2537:
2491:Australian Economic History Review
2401:
2143:
1987:
1895:
1694:
1614:. Anthem Press. pp. 114–115.
1121:Notable Burmese Indians and others
639:despite the implementation of the
14:
5244:
2757:
2517:"Archbishop Alan Basil de Lastic"
2159:The Burman - His Life and Notions
1925:Butkaew, Samart (February 2005),
1596:
1564:
1015:hailing from the Indian state of
846:whose members consist largely of
5233:Burmese people of Indian descent
4215:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3991:
2600:. 11 August 2008. Archived from
2553:. 5 January 2013. Archived from
2503:10.1111/j.1467-8446.2007.00232.x
2255:Priestly, Harry (January 2006),
1371:"Manipuri language | Britannica"
1340:
1102:
193:
2584:
2509:
2478:
2453:
2425:
2395:
2365:
2332:
2312:
2306:
2280:
2219:
2179:
2091:
2048:
1952:
1864:
1833:
1802:
1768:
1749:
1724:
1688:Dictionary of Modern Spoken Mon
1679:
1654:
1628:
690:In May 1930, a British firm of
329:, Indians are typically called
2433:"Meitei | people | Britannica"
1934:, Burma Issues, archived from
1871:Paul H. Kratoska, ed. (2001).
1710:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1543:
1519:
1490:
1455:
1420:
1320:List of ethnic groups in Burma
1223:meditation teacher (born 1924)
703:The Second World War and after
39:4.5% of the Burmese population
1:
2404:"USCIRF – Annual Report 2014"
1786:University of Wisconsin Press
1353:
1137:- (1929–2000) was the fourth
854:". It operates alongside the
289:) and former colonial towns (
2700:(Nyaung-Shwe) and the first
1958:“The Muslims of Burma”, p.32
1476:10.1080/14631369.2010.510869
991:state. Other minorities are
966:
320:
276:internal conflict in Myanmar
7:
2784:History of South East Asia
2733:, "History of Burma", 1853.
1973:Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
1282:
1099:are quite frequently used.
861:
852:Muslim terrorist insurgents
583:, the social media company
377:
355:
343:Myanmar Language Commission
10:
5249:
5218:Indian diaspora in Myanmar
5203:Culture of Indian diaspora
5198:Indian diaspora by country
3939:Pondicherry Tamil diaspora
2578:History of Myanmar Muslims
2069:10.1177/000271624322600112
1809:Donald M. Seekins (2017).
1756:Cebu, Juan (2 June 2017).
1690:. Oxford University Press.
1527:Myanmar-English Dictionary
1300:Burmese community in India
1183:H N Goshal (Thakin Ba Tin)
940:); with small numbers of
865:
746:
647:and 10.9% in Lower Burma.
594:
384:The Burmese language term
5164:of France in the Americas
5150:
5133:Non-Resident Indian Award
5108:
5006:
4999:
4919:
4833:
4790:
4769:
4748:
4741:
4669:
4633:
4484:
4414:
4407:
4294:
4238:
4145:
4138:
4093:
4011:
4004:
3949:Tamil Nadu Tamil diaspora
3944:Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora
3926:
3900:
3859:
3851:Sri Lanka (Indian Tamils)
3816:India (Sri Lankan Tamils)
3803:
3757:
3726:
3717:
3602:
3433:
3381:
3365:
3316:
3032:
2973:
2917:
2838:
2827:
2741:Asiatic Society of Bengal
2034:. London: Penguin Books.
936:
903:Burmese Indians practise
796:lawmaking were also Hindu
249:are a group of people of
178:
173:
116:
111:
72:
67:
48:
43:
34:
29:
5193:Ethnic groups in Myanmar
5169:sui generis collectivity
3934:Malaysian Tamil diaspora
2821:Ethnic groups in Myanmar
2668:16 February 2012 at the
2487:"The Chettiars in Burma"
2030:Collis, Maurice (1945).
1817:Rowman & Littlefield
1429:Journal of Burma Studies
1232:, Minister of Health of
944:. The Burmese call them
764:particularly influential
5213:Indian diaspora history
5208:Indian diaspora in Asia
5138:Non-Resident Indian Day
2940:Ka-Yun (Kayan; Padaung)
2372:State Department, USA.
2099:"Burma Citizenship Law"
1663:Shan-English Dictionary
1661:Sao Tern Moeng (1995).
1262:(1935–2020) is a noted
821:, Hindustani speakers,
656:First Anglo-Burmese War
641:Government of Burma Act
229:Shri Kali Temple, Burma
5109:Other related articles
2751:Burma Research Society
2725:Burma Research Society
2633:University of Cologne.
2522:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
2207:Cite journal requires
1159:Captain Ohn Kyaw Myint
1130:
1067:proper who are mostly
900:
892:
844:All Burma Muslim Union
756:
712:
671:Anti-Indian sentiments
604:
243:
237:Dravidian architecture
201:This article contains
5228:Burma in World War II
5223:Anti-Indian sentiment
4205:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3603:Unrecognised / Others
2005:Martin Smith (1991).
1686:Shorto, H.L. (1962).
1441:10.1353/jbs.2014.0002
1128:
925:Burmese-Indian Hindus
898:
879:
774:can still be seen in
754:
710:
602:
227:
174:Related ethnic groups
36:2,000,000 - 2,500,000
5162:Overseas departments
5116:South Asian diaspora
4729:United Arab Emirates
2661:Macquarie University
1941:on 28 September 2007
1907:Moshe Yegar (1972).
1879:Taylor & Francis
1135:Alan Basil de Lastic
856:Karen National Union
5156:overseas department
4230:U.S. Virgin Islands
4225:Trinidad and Tobago
3790:Trinidad and Tobago
1762:Global Voices Advox
1330:Pakistanis in Burma
1177:Dr Nath (Tun Maung)
1139:Archbishop of Delhi
953:freedom of religion
835:World Factbook 2006
253:origin who live in
184:Singaporean Indians
26:
4165:Dominican Republic
2989:Mon Kayin (Sarpyu)
2702:President of Burma
2550:The Indian Express
2465:www.britannica.com
2437:www.britannica.com
2269:on 19 January 2012
2155:James George Scott
1665:. Dunwoody Press.
1584:on 27 January 2016
1497:Medha Chaturvedi.
1375:www.britannica.com
1347:Myanmar portal
1246:from 1937 to 1940.
1236:from 1960 to 1962.
1193:Helen of Bollywood
1168:Daw Tint Tint Usha
1131:
1051:and two groups of
1043:from the state of
1007:region of India's
901:
893:
757:
713:
608:Indian immigration
605:
575:is now considered
419:). The Khmer term
244:
24:
5178:
5177:
5146:
5145:
4915:
4914:
4737:
4736:
4403:
4402:
4134:
4133:
3957:
3956:
3677:
3676:
3288:Zahnyet (Zanniat)
2604:on 15 August 2008
2576:Pathi Ko Ko Lay.
2557:on 8 January 2013
2525:. David M. Cheney
2358:978-0-19-218194-7
2131:on 4 January 2014
2041:978-0-404-54812-4
2016:978-984-05-1499-1
1717:978-1-324-00330-4
1621:978-1-78308-362-6
1244:Madras Presidency
1141:. He was born in
1117:money exchanges.
1095:. Other minority
1011:state as well as
868:Buddhism in Burma
626:Bengal Presidency
622:Madras Presidency
581:Rohingya genocide
209:rendering support
189:
188:
180:Malaysian Indians
5240:
5008:Ethnic diasporas
5004:
5003:
4746:
4745:
4412:
4411:
4327:British Columbia
4143:
4142:
4009:
4008:
3996:
3995:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3961:
3960:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3579:Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw)
3268:Tiddim (Hai-Dim)
3203:Mro-Khimi people
3098:Kaung Saing Chin
2814:
2807:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2408:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2346:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2319:Frontier Myanmar
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2265:, archived from
2252:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2002:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1968:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1893:
1892:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1607:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1580:. Archived from
1573:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1367:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1254:Aung San Suu Kyi
1097:Indian languages
939:
938:
800:Indian influence
772:Hindu traditions
715:At the start of
681:Second World War
551:
548:
542:
539:
536:
529:or 'chair') and
528:
525:
519:
516:
513:
501:
498:
490:
487:
484:
476:
473:
467:
464:
461:
380:
358:
327:Burmese language
215: instead of
197:
196:
30:Total population
27:
23:
16:Ethnic community
5248:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5174:
5142:
5104:
4995:
4911:
4829:
4786:
4765:
4733:
4665:
4629:
4480:
4399:
4378:Punjabi Mexican
4290:
4234:
4130:
4089:
4000:
3998:Indian diaspora
3990:
3988:
3958:
3953:
3922:
3896:
3855:
3799:
3753:
3722:
3713:
3708:
3678:
3673:
3598:
3429:
3420:Mru (Taung Mro)
3384:
3377:
3361:
3312:
3183:Meithei (Kathe)
3133:Lai (Haka Chin)
3028:
2969:
2913:
2884:Lashi (La Chit)
2834:
2823:
2818:
2760:
2670:Wayback Machine
2629:Gregory, James
2623:
2621:Further reading
2618:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2383:. US Government
2376:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2253:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2184:
2180:
2164:
2163:
2153:Shway Yoe (Sir
2151:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2032:Trials in Burma
2028:
2024:
2017:
2003:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1905:
1896:
1889:
1881:. p. 179.
1869:
1865:
1858:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1819:. p. 260.
1807:
1803:
1796:
1773:
1769:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1704:
1695:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1640:Hindustan Times
1634:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1608:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1574:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1464:Asian Ethnicity
1460:
1456:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1379:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1295:Burmese Chinese
1285:
1278:, mathematician
1123:
1105:
1047:who are mostly
969:
874:
866:Main articles:
864:
768:Burmese culture
749:
705:
677:First World War
673:
665:Irrawaddy Delta
610:
597:
549:
543:
540:
537:
526:
520:
517:
514:
499:
491:
488:
485:
481:(ဘရင်ဂျီကုလား,
479:bayinngyi kalar
474:
468:
465:
462:
323:
309:meditation and
299:Burmese economy
247:Burmese Indians
222:
221:
220:
207:Without proper
198:
194:
123:
38:
25:Burmese Indians
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5246:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5165:
5159:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4885:Indo-Caribbean
4882:
4875:United Kingdom
4872:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4800:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4539:Jawi Peranakan
4536:
4531:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4499:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4418:
4416:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4363:Indo-Caribbean
4360:
4355:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3987:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3892:United Kingdom
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
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3718:
3715:
3714:
3711:Tamil diaspora
3707:
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3329:
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3318:Bamar (Burman)
3314:
3313:
3311:
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3305:
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3280:
3275:
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3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:Gunte (Lyente)
3080:
3075:
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3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3030:
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2896:
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2874:Maru (Lawgore)
2871:
2866:
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2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2836:
2835:
2831:Burmese people
2828:
2825:
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2817:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2794:
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2787:
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2759:
2758:External links
2756:
2755:
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2690:Sao Shwe Thaik
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2244:
2231:World Factbook
2218:
2209:|journal=
2178:
2142:
2112:
2090:
2047:
2040:
2022:
2015:
1986:
1960:
1951:
1914:
1894:
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1863:
1856:
1832:
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1801:
1794:
1788:. p. 86.
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1435:(1): 137–180.
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1149:Bhanumati Devi
1146:
1122:
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1110:civil servants
1104:
1101:
997:Andhra Pradesh
968:
965:
881:Bengali Hindus
863:
860:
748:
745:
704:
701:
672:
669:
609:
606:
596:
593:
423:refers to the
375:(cf. Sanskrit
361:Folk etymology
322:
319:
217:Burmese script
211:, you may see
203:Burmese script
199:
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5066:South Indians
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5047:
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5042:
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5019:
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5016:Bengali Hindu
5014:
5013:
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4990:
4987:
4985:
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4980:
4977:
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4970:New Caledonia
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4297:
4295:Anglo-America
4293:
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4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4261:French Guiana
4259:
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4239:Latin America
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3795:United States
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3770:French Guiana
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3618:
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3610:Anglo-Burmese
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3444:Danaw (Danau)
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3141:
3139:
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3119:
3118:Kwangli (Sim)
3116:
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3000:
2997:
2995:
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2987:
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2975:Kayin (Karen)
2972:
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2703:
2699:
2695:
2692:, the former
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2313:Han, Thi Ri.
2309:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2268:
2264:
2263:The Irrawaddy
2260:
2259:
2258:The Outsiders
2251:
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2232:
2228:
2222:
2214:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2174:
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2156:
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2147:
2130:
2126:
2125:The Irrawaddy
2122:
2116:
2100:
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2070:
2066:
2062:
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2018:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1955:
1937:
1930:
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1921:
1919:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1899:
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1888:9780415215428
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1859:
1857:9781317411031
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1826:9781538101834
1822:
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1795:9780299283537
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1672:0-931745-92-6
1668:
1664:
1657:
1642:. 19 May 2017
1641:
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1536:1-881265-47-1
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1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:Indian people
1308:
1306:
1305:Greater India
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:Anglo-Burmese
1288:
1287:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:Sultan Mahmud
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:K R Narayanan
1169:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1103:Economic role
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
964:
962:
961:Rakhine State
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
932:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
897:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
869:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:
788:(notably the
787:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
753:
744:
742:
738:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
709:
700:
698:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
668:
666:
661:
657:
653:
652:British India
648:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
601:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
562:British Burma
559:
558:British India
555:
546:
532:
523:
510:(ကုလားထိုင်,
509:
505:
497:
494:
480:
472:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:Pagan Kingdom
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:
399:
396:), Mon (ဂလာ,
395:
391:
387:
382:
379:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
318:
316:
315:Anglo-Burmese
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
272:
271:British India
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
218:
214:
210:
206:
204:
185:
181:
177:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
110:
107:
103:
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95:
91:
87:
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79:
75:
71:
66:
63:
59:
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51:
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5180:
5128:Little India
5095:Anglo-Indian
4979:Maori-Indian
4964:South Indian
4719:Saudi Arabia
4580:
4350:
4307:Anglo-Indian
4116:South Africa
3749:South Africa
3641:
3469:Khmu (Khamu)
3415:Miram (Mara)
3058:Bre (Ka-Yaw)
2829:
2747:M. S. Collis
2737:A. P. Phayre
2731:A. P. Phayre
2706:Burma Digest
2705:
2696:(Prince) of
2683:Bangkok Post
2682:
2637:Pe Maung Tin
2630:
2606:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2595:
2586:
2577:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2555:the original
2548:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2520:
2511:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2464:
2455:
2447:
2440:. Retrieved
2436:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2410:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2380:
2367:
2342:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2318:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2292:
2282:
2271:, retrieved
2267:the original
2257:
2235:. Retrieved
2230:
2221:
2200:cite journal
2187:
2181:
2158:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:the original
2124:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2093:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2031:
2025:
2006:
1978:, retrieved
1972:
1954:
1943:, retrieved
1936:the original
1927:
1908:
1873:
1866:
1842:
1835:
1811:
1804:
1780:
1776:Michael Adas
1770:
1761:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1735:
1726:
1707:
1687:
1681:
1662:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1611:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:the original
1554:. Retrieved
1545:
1526:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1505:
1492:
1470:(1): 33–54.
1467:
1463:
1457:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1406:
1385:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:
1335:Burma Bazaar
1276:Nalini Joshi
1197:World War II
1106:
970:
950:
945:
933:
929:
921:Christianity
902:
887:festival in
833:
808:
789:
783:
758:
729:
717:World War II
714:
689:
674:
649:
640:
637:World War II
634:
611:
588:
572:
570:
565:
553:
544:
530:
521:
507:
503:
495:
478:
470:
455:
447:
435:
433:
420:
416:
408:
401:
397:
393:
385:
383:
364:
346:
338:
330:
324:
280:
246:
245:
233:Hindu temple
200:
163:
155:
147:
139:
131:
128:Christianity
124:
117:
80:(majority),
35:
21:Ethnic group
18:
5076:In the Gulf
4974:New Zealand
4870:Switzerland
4865:Netherlands
4598:Philippines
4422:Afghanistan
4352:by location
4210:Saint Lucia
3918:New Zealand
3887:Switzerland
3882:Netherlands
3594:Hkun (Khün)
3464:Khamti Shan
3385:(Arakanese)
3347:Kadu (Kado)
3273:Torr (Tawr)
3068:Dai (Yindu)
2999:Ta-Hlay-Pwa
2651:Dr Than Tun
2497:(1): 1–25.
2470:12 February
2442:12 February
2273:3 September
2063:: 120–128.
1980:3 September
1736:Myanmar Mix
1412:12 February
1380:12 February
1240:T S S Rajan
1203:Karim Ghani
1163:coup d'état
1017:West Bengal
957:Eid al-Adha
891:, c.1941-42
883:gather for
660:Upper Burma
645:Upper Burma
618:British Raj
614:Lower Burma
533:(ကုလားပဲ,
458:(ကုလားဖြူ,
425:Kula people
405:S'gaw Karen
291:Pyin U Lwin
5187:Categories
4507:Klingalese
4434:Bangladesh
4200:Martinique
4175:Guadeloupe
4063:Seychelles
4048:Mozambique
4026:Madagascar
3785:Martinique
3775:Guadeloupe
3744:Seychelles
2945:Manu Manaw
2925:Geba Karen
2561:16 January
2529:21 January
2411:uscrif.gov
1506:Mea.gov.in
1407:Ethnologue
1354:References
1315:Indosphere
1260:U A Khader
1217:S N Goenka
1059:-speaking
1021:Bangladesh
977:Tamil Nadu
885:Durga Puja
791:Dhammaniti
692:stevedores
675:After the
577:pejorative
508:kalahtaing
429:Shan State
303:S N Goenka
267:Bangladesh
259:South Asia
152:Sanamahism
106:Hindustani
5100:Chindians
5071:Malayalis
4927:Australia
4646:Hong Kong
4603:Singapore
4512:Mardijker
4502:Indonesia
4485:Southeast
4454:Sri Lanka
4332:Vancouver
4286:Venezuela
4246:Argentina
4147:Caribbean
4094:Elsewhere
4031:Mauritius
4013:Southeast
3908:Australia
3836:Indonesia
3831:Singapore
3734:Mauritius
3664:Pakistani
3494:Shan Gale
3410:Maramagyi
3233:Saing Zan
3078:Eik-swair
3024:Shu (Pwo)
2984:Pa-Le-Chi
2960:Yin Talai
2918:Kayah (9)
2608:12 August
2597:The Hindu
2381:State.gov
2237:8 October
2167:cite book
2135:3 January
2105:9 October
2085:220854395
1848:Routledge
1511:17 August
1484:143621311
1449:162378961
1221:vipassana
1209:under Dr
1114:Chettiars
1065:Gujaratis
1053:Gujaratis
1025:Malayalis
1009:Rajasthan
1003:from the
985:Manipuris
967:Languages
946:Zaydabayi
937:ဗမာမူစလင်
823:Gujaratis
762:has been
571:The term
434:The term
321:Etymology
317:descent.
307:vipassanā
125:Minority:
118:Majority:
68:Languages
62:Myitkyina
5026:Kashmiri
5021:Gujarati
5000:See also
4959:Gujarati
4932:Malayali
4890:Gujarati
4820:Portugal
4791:Southern
4770:Northern
4620:Thailand
4544:Malayali
4534:Gujarati
4524:Malaysia
4497:Cambodia
4459:Bharatha
4449:Pakistan
4439:Maldives
4368:Gujarati
4220:Suriname
4155:Barbados
4139:Americas
4126:Zimbabwe
4101:Botswana
4075:Tanzania
3927:See also
3846:Pakistan
3841:Maldives
3821:Malaysia
3758:Americas
3669:Taungtha
3654:Rohingya
3627:Bayingyi
3589:Maingtha
3584:Maw Shan
3499:Shan Gyi
3405:Daingnet
3383:Rakhine
3248:Tangkhul
3243:Senthang
3123:Kwelshin
3019:Monnepwa
2909:Ngochang
2698:Yawnghwe
2666:Archived
2402:US GOV.
2293:BBC News
2157:) 1882.
1778:(2011).
1403:"Meitei"
1387:(Burma).
1283:See also
1266:novelist
1264:Malayali
1057:Gujarati
1041:Punjabis
1013:Bengalis
1001:Marwaris
942:Twelvers
917:Buddhism
905:Hinduism
862:Religion
827:Punjabis
819:Bengalis
780:Thingyan
776:Brahmans
685:Chettiar
667:region.
585:Facebook
456:kalaphyu
337:, spelt
287:Mandalay
136:Buddhism
121:Hinduism
112:Religion
98:Gujarati
90:Manipuri
58:Taunggyi
54:Mandalay
5088:Telugus
5046:Punjabi
5031:Mirpuri
4984:Punjabi
4937:Punjabi
4920:Oceania
4895:Punjabi
4853:Germany
4834:Western
4777:Finland
4749:Eastern
4704:Lebanon
4677:Bahrain
4625:Vietnam
4581:Myanmar
4574:Sarawak
4549:Punjabi
4427:Punjabi
4373:Punjabi
4358:Bengali
4339:Toronto
4312:Punjabi
4281:Uruguay
4195:Jamaica
4189:Marabou
4170:Grenada
4057:Malbars
4053:Réunion
3901:Oceania
3872:Germany
3739:Réunion
3620:Panthay
3615:Chinese
3549:Yin Net
3544:Yin Kya
3534:Wa (Va)
3529:Taungyo
3524:Taishon
3519:Tai-Lay
3514:Tai-Lon
3509:Tai Nua
3504:Tai-Loi
3489:Palaung
3396:(Kaman)
3366:Mon (1)
3278:Yin Gog
3258:Tay-Zan
3128:Kwe Myi
3103:Kaungso
3093:Hualngo
2955:Yin Baw
2935:Karenni
2854:Dalaung
2849:Jingpaw
2743:, 1846.
2227:"Burma"
2077:1024343
1741:16 June
1646:18 June
1588:18 June
1556:16 June
1270:U Razak
1187:Bengali
1129:U Razak
1093:Myanmar
1085:English
1081:Burmese
1077:Gujarat
1073:Muslims
1055:, both
993:Telugus
989:Manipur
981:Meiteis
913:Sikhism
889:Rangoon
848:Muslims
840:Myanmar
815:Telugus
804:biryani
747:Culture
630:Chennai
595:History
538:
531:kala be
515:
486:
463:
415:(កុឡា,
411:), and
392:(ၵလႃး,
349:to the
325:In the
255:Myanmar
168:Jainism
160:Sikhism
94:Bengali
74:Burmese
5083:Tamils
5061:Sindhi
5056:Romani
4947:Sindhi
4900:Sindhi
4880:London
4841:France
4798:Cyprus
4782:Sweden
4761:Russia
4756:Poland
4742:Europe
4724:Turkey
4699:Kuwait
4687:Israel
4661:Taiwan
4608:Chitty
4564:Penang
4559:Telugu
4529:Chitty
4492:Brunei
4474:Telugu
4464:Chetty
4393:Telugu
4383:Sindhi
4317:Sindhi
4302:Canada
4271:Panama
4266:Mexico
4251:Brazil
4180:Guyana
4160:Belize
4085:Zambia
4080:Uganda
4036:Bihari
4005:Africa
3867:France
3860:Europe
3825:Chitty
3780:Guyana
3765:Canada
3727:Africa
3720:Tamils
3647:Tamils
3642:Indian
3632:Gurkha
3559:Man Zi
3479:Kokang
3394:Kamein
3342:Yabein
3303:Zotung
3298:Zophei
3293:Sizang
3253:Tapong
3238:Saline
3228:Rongtu
3198:Lusayy
3158:Lyente
3153:Lhinbu
3148:Laymyo
3143:Lawhtu
3138:Laizao
3113:Khawno
3014:Monpwa
2965:Zayein
2899:Rawang
2869:Duleng
2864:Hkahku
2840:Kachin
2694:Saopha
2417:27 May
2387:27 May
2355:
2324:4 June
2298:4 June
2194:: 253.
2083:
2075:
2038:
2013:
1945:7 July
1885:
1854:
1823:
1792:
1714:
1669:
1618:
1533:
1482:
1447:
1211:Ba Maw
1143:Maymyo
1069:Hindus
1061:Parsis
1045:Punjab
1037:Odisha
1029:Kerala
1005:Marwar
973:Tamils
811:Tamils
732:Ne Win
721:Indian
697:Maymyo
587:added
469:white
452:exonym
448:kalar,
444:U Kala
283:Yangon
251:Indian
241:Yangon
166:
164:·
162:
158:
156:·
154:
150:
148:·
146:
142:
140:·
138:
134:
132:·
130:
86:Meitei
82:Telugu
50:Yangon
5050:Sikhs
4989:Tamil
4942:Tamil
4905:Tamil
4858:Tamil
4846:Tamil
4825:Spain
4815:Malta
4808:Tamil
4803:Italy
4714:Qatar
4656:Korea
4651:Japan
4641:China
4613:Tamil
4591:Tamil
4569:Sabah
4554:Tamil
4517:Tamil
4469:Tamil
4444:Nepal
4415:South
4388:Tamil
4322:Tamil
4256:Chile
4185:Haiti
4120:Tamil
4111:Ghana
4106:Egypt
4068:Tamil
4041:Tamil
4021:Kenya
3877:Italy
3811:Burma
3659:Malay
3454:Intha
3400:Khami
3352:Ganan
3327:Dawei
3283:Zahau
3263:Thado
3223:Panun
3218:Oo-Pu
3213:Ngawn
3193:Mi-er
3173:Marma
3168:Malin
3163:Magun
3108:Kebar
3088:Guite
3063:Cumtu
2994:S'gaw
2930:Gheko
2904:Taron
2859:Gauri
2407:(PDF)
2377:(PDF)
2190:(2).
2081:S2CID
2073:JSTOR
1939:(PDF)
1932:(PDF)
1502:(PDF)
1480:S2CID
1445:S2CID
1250:Ko Ni
1234:Burma
1207:Burma
1151:, an
1089:Tamil
1049:Sikhs
1035:from
1033:Odias
1027:from
995:from
975:from
909:Islam
760:India
741:Burma
725:Assam
589:kalar
573:kalar
566:kalar
554:kalar
545:kalar
522:kalar
504:kalar
496:kalar
493:Frank
477:) or
471:kalar
436:kalar
413:Khmer
398:h'lea
386:kalar
369:Hindi
365:kalar
353:term
347:kalar
339:kula:
335:ကုလား
331:kalar
311:Helen
295:Kalaw
263:India
235:with
144:Islam
78:Tamil
5121:Desi
5041:Odia
5036:Mizo
4954:Fiji
4709:Oman
4692:Jews
4682:Iran
4670:West
4634:East
4586:Mizo
4408:Asia
4276:Peru
3913:Fiji
3804:Asia
3637:Mizo
3564:Pyin
3484:Lahu
3459:Pa-O
3449:Danu
3437:(33)
3435:Shan
3425:Thet
3357:Hpon
3332:Beik
3208:Naga
3188:Mgan
3178:Matu
3053:Asho
3048:Anun
3036:(53)
3034:Chin
3004:Paku
2977:(11)
2950:Pale
2894:Lisu
2889:Atsi
2879:Hpon
2842:(12)
2639:and
2610:2016
2563:2013
2531:2015
2472:2023
2444:2023
2419:2015
2389:2015
2353:ISBN
2326:2018
2300:2018
2275:2009
2239:2009
2213:help
2173:link
2137:2014
2107:2009
2036:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1982:2009
1947:2006
1883:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1743:2020
1712:ISBN
1667:ISBN
1648:2020
1616:ISBN
1590:2020
1558:2020
1531:ISBN
1513:2018
1414:2023
1382:2023
1219:, a
1153:Odia
1063:and
999:and
919:and
870:and
825:and
785:niti
737:kyat
624:and
547:bean
535:lit.
524:seat
512:lit.
483:lit.
460:lit.
421:kola
417:kola
409:kola
394:kala
390:Shan
378:kāla
373:Urdu
371:and
356:kula
351:Pali
293:and
285:and
265:and
231:, a
102:Odia
5154:An
3574:Son
3569:Eng
3554:Yun
3539:Yao
3474:Kwi
3387:(7)
3373:Mon
3337:Yaw
3320:(9)
3308:Zou
3073:Dim
3043:Anu
3009:Bwe
2499:doi
2349:191
2065:doi
2061:226
1472:doi
1437:doi
1071:or
831:CIA
766:in
450:an
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