Mandalay - Knowledge

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such as trading cooperatives, market stalls, food joints, traditional Chinese medicinal clinics, hotels, gemstone mining concessions, wholesale marketing, hotels, restaurants, and real estate have also flourished. Foreign purchasers of jade and gems flock to the city of Mandalay, with clients from Hong Kong continuing to be the source of main customers. Mandalay has been virtually sinicized economically and culturally, to the resentment of locals. More than 50 percent of the commercial business activity generated in Downtown Mandalay is derived from the eclipsing plethora of Chinese-owned shops, hotels, restaurants, and showrooms that predominate the area. About 80 percent of the hotels and guesthouses, more than 70 percent of the restaurants, more than 45 percent of gold and jewellery shops, about 30 percent of jade and gemstone trading, and nearly 100 percent of the sale centres for mainland Chinese-made commodities in Mandalay are owned and operated by the Chinese. Chinese entrepreneurs and investors have acquired much of Central Mandalay's economic crown jewels and have been disproportionately responsible for generating much of the city's output of commercial business activity relative to their small population size.

4026: 4050: 96: 3256: 3928: 3971: 3244: 4010: 3429: 3681: 125: 3955: 985: 927: 821: 956: 85: 3943: 865: 3571: 2510: 238: 1113: 1056:'s isolationist rule (1962–1988), the city's infrastructure deteriorated. By the early 1980s, the second largest city of Burma resembled a town with low-rise buildings and dusty streets filled mostly with bicycles. In the 1980s, the city was hit by two major fires. In May 1981, a fire razed more than 6,000 houses and public buildings, leaving more than 90,000 homeless. On 24 March 1984, another fire destroyed 2,700 buildings and made 23,000 people homeless. The fire caused US$ 96 million in property damage. 3916: 181: 205: 3902: 3541:

of its entire economy. About 50 percent of the land plots in Downtown Mandalay are controlled by the Chinese. In addition, all of Mandalay's shopping malls and hotels were entirely built by Chinese-owned construction and real estate development companies. Besides Mandalay's economic development being shaped by the Burmese Chinese business community's immense development output, it has also been amplified with additional investment from foreign Chinese investment from mainland China and overseas

2657: 1206:). Mandalay features noticeably warmer and cooler periods of the year. Average temperatures in January, the mildest month, hovers around 22 °C or 71.6 °F while the hottest month, April, averages 32 °C or 89.6 °F. Mandalay is very hot in the months of April and May, with average high temperatures easily exceeding 37 °C or 99 °F. It is not uncommon to see high temperatures surpass 40 °C or 104 °F during these two months in the city. Mandalay also features 3986: 105: 6657: 6367: 3616: 6651: 3998: 2843: 2673: 968: 136: 2628: 3707: 3319: 3668: 3627: 3694: 116: 1092:

and are a major factor in the city's doubling of population from about 500,000 in 1980 to one million in 2008. Chinese festivals are now firmly embedded in the city's cultural calendar. The Chinese dominance in the city center has pushed out the rest to the suburbs. The urban sprawl now encompasses Amarapura, the very city King Mindon left some 150 years ago. Mandalay celebrated its 150th birthday on 15 May 2009, at precisely 4:31:36 am.

7097: 7271: 3479: 2789: 2714: 7224: 4069: 4038: 916: 311: 2558: 3509:, large numbers of Chinese migrants in search of economic opportunity have poured into Mandalay. These migrants brought with them talent, skills, goods and services, and capital, but also purchased most of the shops and real estate in the centre of Mandalay, transforming the economic dynamics of the city. This influx of poor Han Chinese immigrants mostly trace their ancestry to the Southwestern Chinese province of 3272: 798: 3513:. Many were able to illegally obtain identity papers on the black market to become naturalized Burmese citizens overnight. Arriving impoverished, they now sit at the helm of the Burmese economy as a prosperous business community. Identity cards allowed the Chinese immigrants to stay indefinitely and bypass legal barriers on foreign ownership of businesses such as hotels, shops, and restaurants. 245: 212: 2617:: The image of Gautama Buddha at Mahamuni Buddha Temple is said to have been cast in the life-time of the Gautama Buddha and that the Buddha embraced it seven times, thereby bringing it to life. Consequently, devout Buddhists hold it to be alive and refer to it as the Mahamuni Sacred Living Image. Revered as the holiest pagoda in Mandalay, It was built by King 3549:

city's Burmese Chinese areas are too expensive for them. These areas become new Chinese neighbourhoods as they develop and are recognisably distinct from the older Chinese quarters. The cultural attitudes of Chinese businesspeople in Mandalay who view local Burmese to easy-going fuel tensions with local Burmese perceive the Chinese as condescending.

3051:. Because of its utility as a private bus or taxi, the two-and-a-half-decade old model still had strong demand and heady prices to match—from K10 million to K14 million (US$ 8,000 to US$ 11,000) in mid-2008. To get around severe import limits, people of Mandalay had turned to illegally imported and hence unregistered (called "without" in 839:

four 2,032 m (6,666 ft) long walls and a moat 64 m (210 ft) wide, 4.6 m (15 ft) deep. At intervals of 169 m (555 ft) along the wall, were turrets with gold-tipped spires for watchmen. The walls had three gates on each side, and five bridges to cross the moat. In addition, the king also commissioned the

2642:: The hill has for long been a holy mount. Legend has it that the Buddha, on his visit, had prophesied that a great city would be founded at its foot. Mandalay Hill, 230 metres high, provides a view of the city and surrounding countryside. The construction of a motor road to reach the hill-top has already been finished. 3545:. The apparent influence of mainland China is also ostensibly felt throughout the city, where the local inhabitants have alluded to Mandalay as a "Chinese city" dominated by an inflow of international expatriate mainland and overseas Chinese capital, with much of it invested in real estate, including hotels and restaurants. 3307:. The styles of Mandalay Buddha Images and Buddha Statues were many since King Mandon, who was a devout Buddhist, and had filled Mandalay with them and through the years Mandalay Buddhist art became established as the pure art of Myanmar. There are 729 slabs of stone that together are inscribed with the entire 1041:

were the only three universities in Upper Burma. Only a few other cities had "Degree Colleges" affiliated with Mandalay University that offered a limited number of subjects. Today, the city attracts a fraction of students as the military government requires students to attend their local universities

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The new capital city site was 66 km (25.5 sq mi) in area, surrounded by four rivers. The plan called for a 144-square block grid patterned citadel, anchored by a 16 square block royal palace compound at the center by Mandalay Hill. The 1,020-acre (413-hectare) citadel was surrounded by

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with over 7.6 million people consisted of slightly over 1000 doctors and about 2000 nurses working in 44 hospitals and 44 health clinics. Over 30 of the so-called hospitals had less than 100 beds. Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay

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Prime residential and commercial real estate in central Mandalay have been bought by wealthy Chinese businessmen and investors. As many as half of the city's residents have Chinese ancestry with the seven of the top ten entrepreneurs in Mandalay being of Chinese descent fully controlling 60 percent

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in the 1990s and many ending up in Mandalay, living illegally there. In the 1990s alone, about 250,000 to 300,000 Yunnanese are estimated to have migrated to Mandalay. Today, ethnic Chinese people are believed to make up about 40%–50% of the city's population that is nearly the same as the natives,

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Most new immigrants from China in recent times move to Mandalay for business, and did not intend to settle there. Being poorer, they rely on Burmese Chinese already in Mandalay helping them negotiate the local economic landscape. These "new Chinese" tend to settle outside Mandalay, as the central

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The Chinese minority in Mandalay own virtually all of Mandalay's retail gold shops, mining concessions, foreign businesses and timber trading companies. In Central Mandalay, about 80 percent or four out of five gold and jewellery shops are Chinese-owned. Many Chinese-owned and operated businesses

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In March 2008, Mandalay had nearly 81,000 registered motor vehicles plus an unknown number of unregistered vehicles. Although the number of cars in a city of one million is low, traffic in Mandalay is highly chaotic as thousands of bicycles and (unregistered) motorbikes freely roam around all the

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Throughout the colonial years, Mandalay was the centre of Burmese culture and Buddhist learning, and as the last royal capital, was regarded by the Burmese as a primary symbol of sovereignty and identity. Between the two World Wars, the city was Upper Burma's focal point in a series of nationwide

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Mandalay has the best educational facilities and institutions, after Yangon, in Burma where state spending on education is among the lowest in the world. Students in poor districts routinely drop out in middle school as schools have to rely on forced "donations" and various fees from parents for

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While Mandalay would continue to be the chief city of Upper Burma during the British colonial rule, the commercial and political importance had irreversibly shifted to Yangon. The British view on the development of Mandalay (and Burma) was mainly with commercial intentions. While rail transport

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Nonetheless, Mandalay remains the main health care center for Upper Burma as almost all of large public hospitals and private hospitals are in Mandalay. The city has ten public hospitals and one hospital specializing in traditional Burmese medicine. For a semblance of adequate health care, the

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sector, through Burmese citizen intermediaries of Chinese ancestry. Retail outlets were opened by Chinese entrepreneurs, ranging from cement mixing to financial services turning Mandalay into the prosperous business centre it is today. As Mandalay became more economically prosperous, existing

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and bicycles are prohibited from entering downtown and busy areas, in Mandalay it is anything goes. In 2018, as part of Mandalay Smart City initiatives, new traffic lights with internet-connected sensors have been installed by Mandalay City Development Committee to manage traffic at junctions.

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seasons of nearly equal length, with the wet season running from May through October and the dry season covering the remaining six months. The highest reliably recorded temperature in Mandalay is 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) on 24 April 1975 while the lowest is 7.6 °C (45.7 °F) on 26

5015: 2648:: The whole palace complex was destroyed by a fire during World War II. The palace walls, the city gates with their crowning wooden pavilions and the surrounding moat, "Mya-nan-san-kyaw Shwenandaw", were rebuilt using forced labor. A model of the Mandalay Palace, Nanmyint-saung and 1095:

Despite the rise of Naypyidaw, the country's capital since 2006, Mandalay remains Upper Burma's main commercial, educational and health center. In October 2018, Mandalay was ranked by CIO Asia as number fifth among the top 10 cities in Southeast Asia in the process of becoming a

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Township. The pagoda was built with cash donations contributed by the peoples of Burma and Buddhist donors from around the world under the supervision of the State Peace and Development Council. The authorities and donors hoisted Buddha's Replica Tooth Relic Pagoda Mandalay's

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nearly everything – school maintenance to teachers' salaries. For the rest of the students who cannot afford to go abroad for studies, Mandalay offers Upper Burma's best institutions of higher education. There are over 15 universities in the city. The city's

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After the country gained independence from Britain in 1948, Mandalay continued to be the main cultural, educational and economic hub of Upper Burma. Until the early 1990s, most students from Upper Burma went to Mandalay for university education. Until 1991,

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Burmese Chinese have facilitated continued immigration from China. The transformation of Mandalay into a booming modern metropolis filled with foreign businesses and gem trading centers occurred under the auspices of the entrepreneurial Chinese minority.

5022: 2532:", is also one of the well known sights. The original structure was destroyed by a fire in 1890 though the masonry plinth survived. The reconstruction project was started by the government on 2 May 1995 and completed in June 1996. 2779:

Mandalay's strategic location in Central Burma makes it an important hub for transport of people and goods. The city is connected to other parts of the country and to China and India by multiple modes of transportation.

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cutting and polishing, stone and wood carving, making marble and bronze Buddha images, temple ornaments and paraphernalia, the working of gold leaves and of silver, the manufacture of matches, brewing and distilling.

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is named for the city, despite the fact that the city is 500 kilometers from the nearest bay, perhaps in reference to the line in Kipling's poem, "An' the dawn comes up like thunder outer China 'crost the Bay!

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A 2007 estimate by the UN puts Mandalay's population at nearly 1 million. The city's population is projected to reach nearly 1.5 million by 2025. While Mandalay has traditionally been the bastion of

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was dismantled and moved by elephants to the new location at the foot of Mandalay Hill, although construction of the palace compound was officially completed only two years later, on Monday, 23 May 1859.

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in 1885. Under British rule, Mandalay remained commercially and culturally important despite the rise of Yangon, the new capital of British Burma. The city suffered extensive destruction during the

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carried out an extensive assault. The city was in effect defenseless as its firefighting resources were weak, having been lost in earlier bombing, it had no anti-aircraft capacity, and the British

907:(Royal Library) which had contained the genealogies of kings and the kingdom's official records. Mandalay was razed. However, the palace, its structures and the city walls were spared destruction. 3623:

The general state of health care in Burma is poor. The military government spends anywhere from 0.5% to 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranking among the lowest in the world.

2535: 3191:(Burman) culture and populace, the massive influx of illegal ethnic Han Chinese in the last 20 years has effectively influenced the ethnic Bamar majority there. Although many native ethnic 3645:

well-to-do from Upper Burma go to private hospitals and clinics in Mandalay. For more advanced treatments, they have to go to Yangon or abroad. The wealthy Burmese routinely go abroad (usually

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At Waterfall Hill, the first bolted rock climbing site in Myanmar have been developed with the help of Mandalay climbers led by Steve, Tylor and Technical Climbing Club of Myanmar since 2010.

4510: 2607:: Near the southern approach to Mandalay Hill stands the Kyauktawgyi Buddha image built by King Mindon in 1853–78. The Image was carved out of a huge single block of marble. Statues of 80 1128:

of Burma by the Irrawaddy river at 21.98° North, 96.08° East, 80 meters (260 feet) above sea level. Its standard time zone is UTC/GMT +6:30 hours and is 626 km from Yangon.

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occupation from May 1942 to March 1945. The palace citadel, which had been turned into a supply depot by the Japanese, was in turn burnt to the ground by Allied bombing; only the royal

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protests against the British rule. The British rule brought in many immigrants from India to the city. In 1904–1905, a plague caused about one-third of the population to flee the city.

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As the government allows only a few thousands of vehicles to be imported each year, motor transportation in Burma is highly expensive for most of its citizens. Most people rely on

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had by now withdrawn all its aircraft to India. Three-fifths of Mandalay's houses were destroyed and 2,000 civilians were killed. Many residents also fled when the city was under

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The 1980s fires augured a significant change in the city's physical character and ethnic makeup. Huge swaths of land left vacant by the fires were later purchased, mostly by the

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and Chiang Mai, with daily flights on Air Asia and Bangkok Airways. The airport has come to represent the military regime's propensity for bad planning and penchant for

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and hosts mainly local and regional association football and track-and-field tournaments. Since May 2009, professional football has arrived in Mandalay, with

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remains an important arterial route for transporting goods such as farm produce including rice, beans and pulses, cooking oil, pottery, bamboo and teak.

5249: 4666: 2625:, it was also called the Great Rakhine Buddha. The early morning ritual of washing the Face of Buddha Image draws a large crowd of devotees every day. 817:, ostensibly to fulfill a prophecy on the founding of a metropolis of Buddhism in that exact place on the occasion of the 2,400th jubilee of Buddhism. 7025: 4828: 2686: : known for the oldest and (once) longest teakwood bridge in the world. It was constructed when the capital of Ava Kingdom moved to Amarapura . 4025: 2670:: known for its wood carvings, it was a part of the old palace. In 1880 it was moved by King Thibaw to its current site close to Atumashi Monastery. 6389: 3524:

in the 1990s and Burma's open-door immigration policy in the 1990s encouraged Chinese entrepreneurs to move to Mandalay. A substantial increase in

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in 2008. Built at a cost of US$ 150 million in 2000, it is highly underused; it serves mostly domestic flights with the exception of those to

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projects. Myanmar's recent opening stance on tourism means the airport is now receiving a growing number of visitors from Bangkok and Chiang Mai.

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Mandalay's other major industries include sports where the nation's popularity of soccer has sprung across the city. The Burmese soccer club,

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The buildings inside the old Mandalay city walls, surrounded by a moat, which was repaired in recent times using prison labor, comprise the

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forming an estimated 30% of Mandalay's population), is believed to be nearly the same as that of the ethnic Bamar. A sizable community of

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Like most former (and present) capitals of Burma, Mandalay was founded on the wishes of the ruler of the day. On 13 February 1857, King

6163: 5161: 4215: 4142:. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. Vol. 2. Naypyitaw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 57 6587: 3438:

Mandalay's sporting facilities are quite poor by international standards but are still the best in Upper Burma. The 17,000 seat

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for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment.

7245: 3598: 3300: 3255: 7267: 3590: 5372: 5306: 3747: 6216: 1063:, in February 2008, and another major fire in February 2009 destroyed 320 homes and left over 1600 people homeless. 7445: 7440: 6349: 6283: 6128: 6078: 6053: 6028: 6000: 5969: 5911: 5883: 5853: 5828: 5797: 5761: 5727: 5509: 4786: 4448: 6250: 5285: 5188: 2538:: One of the Buddha's Sacred Replica Tooth Relics was enshrined in the Mandalay Swedaw Pagoda on Maha Dhammayanthi Hill in 6420: 2621:

in 1784. The image in a sitting posture is 12 feet and 7 inches (3.8 m) high. As the image was brought from

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The military government, which controls all daily newspapers in Burma, uses Mandalay to publish and distribute its three

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The airport is far from the city, 45 km (28 mi) on a modern highway. Before the construction of this airport,

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Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity, 1931–1960), Meteo Climat (record highs and lows),

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Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity, 1931–1960), Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)

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is the national radio service and broadcasts mostly in Burmese (and in English during specific times.) Semi-state-run

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Mandalay is Burma's cultural and religious center of Buddhism, having numerous monasteries and more than 700

943:; in 1964 they were returned to Burma as a gesture of goodwill. The British also renamed the palace compound Fort 7173: 4898: 687:, since the late 20th century, has reshaped the city's ethnic makeup and increased commerce with China. Despite 641:, 631 km (392 miles; road distance) north of Yangon, the city has a population of 1,225,553 (2014 census). 6485: 5548: 5103: 4979: 4723: 4525: 3985: 3737: 3374: 2926: 2796: 1117: 989: 3997: 204: 7194: 7163: 6580: 3933: 3858: 3731:" (1890), which is the origin of the phrase "on the road to Mandalay". In 1907, the poem was set to music by 3610: 3556:

represents the city in the Myanmar National League, making it the nation's first professional soccer league.

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In November 1959, Mandalay celebrated its centennial with a festival at the foot of Mandalay Hill. Special

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Mandalay literally is at the center of Burma's road network. The highway network includes roads towards:

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Much of the media in Mandalay – like elsewhere in Burma – comes from Yangon. The city's non-satellite

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is named after the city. The logo also features a tiger, which is often seen roaming around the city.

3525: 1072: 895:. Mandalay ceased to be the capital on 28 November 1885 when the British conquered the city and sent 451: 95: 39: 5928: 4137: 3337:. İt is now replaced by a replica, military Prison and a military garrison, the headquarters of the 935:

reached Mandalay in 1889, less than four years after the annexation, the first college in Mandalay,

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Asian Historical Architecture – Mandalay by Prof. Robert D. Fiala, Concordia University, Nebraska

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word, although the exact word of origin remains unclear. The root word has been speculated to be

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The Yunnanese Buddhist Temple and Association in Mandalay is a major Chinese temple in the city.

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Names and Their Histories: A Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature

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Fires continue to plague the city. A major fire destroyed Mandalay's second largest market,

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and the watch tower survived. (A faithful replica of the palace was rebuilt in the 1990s.)

335: 8: 6820: 6802: 6698: 6549: 4563: 3823: 2763: 1148: 1046: 1030: 936: 620: 124: 4286: 984: 7137: 6979: 6635: 5702: 4804: 4417: 4097: 4092: 3915: 3754: 3389: 3211:". Today, the percentage of ethnic Han Chinese, estimated at 50% of the city (with the 2611:

are assembled around the Image, twenty on each side. The carving was completed in 1865.

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Ying, Duan (2017). "Rethinking "pauk-phaw"". In Wong, Bernard; Tan, Chee-Beng (eds.).

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newspaper is published by Mandalay City Development Committee since 30 November 1997.

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Mandalay, the Burmese Heartland by Dr. Constance Wilson, Northern Illinois University

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was the main airport of the city. The airport serves some flights to Myanmar towns.

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came to power in 1988. Many Chinese immigrants from Yunnan and, to a lesser extent,

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to get around. Back in the 2000s, the most popular car in Mandalay was the 1982/83

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of Mandalay, the native journalist had said it felt like "an undeclared colony of

2509: 7127: 6894: 6810: 6764: 6640: 6596: 6383: 6339: 6291: 6260: 5198: 4946:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Mandalay-48042" 4438: 3977: 3854: 3728: 3724: 3637: 3382: 3330: 3323: 3304: 3216: 3052: 2693: 2645: 2576: 2561: 1171: 920: 868: 847: 840: 769: 638: 328: 167: 31: 6251:"Mandalay continues to play vital role as healthcare centre for the upper north" 1112: 7384: 7228: 7132: 6825: 6815: 6731: 6309: 5290: 4640: 4465: 4074: 3542: 3521: 3439: 3350: 3292: 3276: 3060: 2933: 2812: 1136: 892: 679:

and considered the centre of Burmese culture. A continuing influx of irregular

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is increasingly heard in the city's commerce centers as the second language.

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and caused extreme destruction in nearby cities. The most recent quake was a

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and a Lee tank in action during street fighting in Mandalay, 9–10 March 1945.

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Old street scene in Chinatown of Mandalay during the British colonial period

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The Management of Secondary Cities in south-east Asia. Case Study: Mandalay

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has been rebuilt as a faithful replica of the original destroyed by a fire.

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into exile in India. Moreover, a group of drunken soldiers set fire to the

669: 468: 448: 159: 35: 6650: 6366: 4776: 2627: 967: 709: 104: 7117: 7070: 7065: 6964: 6335: 6235: 6198: 5113:(in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 188. Archived from 4989:(in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 188. Archived from 4220: 4122:"Water Purification Plant No. 8 in Aungmyethazan Township 60% Complete". 3732: 3706: 3529: 3358: 3200: 3192: 3037: 3007: 2866: 2858: 1183: 1144: 1140: 1088: 1017: 672:. In 1948, Mandalay became part of the newly independent Union of Burma. 454: 350: 6071:

Identity and Ethnic Relations in Southeast Asia: Racializing Chineseness

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For the next 26 years, Mandalay was to be the last royal capital of the

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Most stretches of these highways are one-lane roads in poor condition.

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Bodies of water near Mandalay are Mandalay Kantawgyi, a small lake and

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See also nearby Pyin Oo Lwin, the historic hill station above Mandalay

1222:

If using climate data of 1981-2010 years, Mandalay features the frank

7353: 7321: 7075: 6969: 6869: 6673: 6524: 6452: 3871: 3826:", the road to Mandalay is the location for a rendezvous of the herd: 3802: 3781: 3667: 3478: 3370: 3212: 3196: 2980: 2944: 2922: 2788: 2737: 2713: 2618: 2539: 915: 900: 876: 688: 649: 496: 491: 465: 115: 5114: 5021:. Norwegian Meteorological Institute. pp. 26–36. Archived from 4990: 4778:

Beyond borders : stories of Yunnanese Chinese migrants of Burma

2557: 7389: 7343: 6999: 6944: 6919: 6909: 6899: 6407: 5720:

The Dragon Looks South: China and Southeast Asia in the New Century

5081:

Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world

4415: 4016: 3693: 3494: 3284: 3280: 3033: 2725:

is the government for Mandalay Region including Mandalay City. The

2584: 471: 368: 24: 20: 6565: 6415: 5225:"Mandalay Division marching to new golden land of unity and amity" 3528:

has poured in from mainland China, mostly ending up in Mandalay's

7394: 7374: 7270: 7096: 6994: 6939: 6934: 6924: 6889: 6121:

Charm Offensive: How China's Soft Power Is Transforming the World

4644: 3685: 3672: 3646: 2995: 2972: 2936: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2886: 2882: 2808: 2804: 1160: 1084: 726:

When it was founded in 1857, the royal city was officially named

711: 630: 481: 316: 4191: 3416:

is published in Mandalay and serves the Upper Burma market. The

3271: 7399: 7358: 7289: 6974: 6469: 5546: 5533: 4892:"Present-day crustal deformation around Sagaing fault, Myanmar" 4721: 4696: 3880: 3770: 3510: 3400: 3208: 3003: 2999: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2878: 2870: 2529: 2525: 1159:

of 7, occurred in 1956. The devastation was greatest in nearby

1076: 1053: 684: 634: 6164:"HRDU Yearbook 2006 Chapter 9: Rights to Education and Health" 5626: 3462:

and became the largest stadium in Mandalay and Upper Myanmar.

2700:. It has over 300 species and is notably the only zoo to have 857:

or public houses for preaching Buddhism and a library for the

797: 591: 6984: 6914: 6874: 6390:"Mandalay in 1885–1888 – the letters of James Alfred Colbeck" 5846:

Southeast Asia and the Rise of China: The Search for Security

4693:"Huge fire rages major market in Myanmar second largest city" 3711: 3680: 3312: 3188: 3041: 2976: 2940: 2608: 2565: 1871:

Climate data for Mandalay (1981–2010, extremes 1889–present)

854: 828: 474: 5876:

Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia: Cultures and Practices

5790:

China's Asian Dream: Empire Building Along the New Silk Road

5432:"United Nations World Urbanization Prospects, 2007 revision" 4724:"Dry weather brings upsurge in outbreaks of fire in Myanmar" 4440:

The Hidden History of Burma: A Crisis of Race and Capitalism

3761:, which was the uncredited basis for a 1926 American silent 3486:

Mandalay is the major trading and communications center for

3442:

was the largest in Upper Myanmar before the construction of

7379: 6879: 6477: 6433: 4949: 4591: 4526:

The Axis Conquers the Philippines: January 1942 – July 1942

4252:

Zon Pann Pwint, Minh Zaw and Khin Su Wai (18–24 May 2009).

3815:

wrote a book about his wartime experiences in Burma called

3791:

was stationed at Mandalay for a time while working for the

3498: 3493:

Among the leading traditional industries are silk weaving,

3366: 1853: 1152: 1147:

plates. The biggest earthquake in its history, occurred on

1042:

in order to reduce concentration of students in one place.

704: 594: 562: 553: 6146:"Animosity in a Burmese Hub Deepens as Chinese Get Richer" 5964:. Routledge (published 10 August 2017). pp. 117–127. 1151:, an estimated magnitude 8.2 destroyed the former capital 656:. It was Burma's final royal capital before the kingdom's 6416:

Mandalay Gallery with antique, colonial views of Mandalay

5526:"Myanmar to launch 2nd FM radio station in northern city" 3059:

lanes of the streets. Unlike in Yangon where motorbikes,

1009: 582: 544: 5750:

Under Beijing's Shadow: Southeast Asia's China Challenge

5434:. The United Nations Population Division. Archived from 5307:"Sunny pick-ups turn back the clock on Mandalay's roads" 2729:(MCDC) is municipal organization for Mandalay City. The 887:, the last independent Burmese kingdom before its final 7040: 5927:

Shannon, Stephanie; Farrelly, Nicholas (1 April 2014).

4667:"Myanmar Fire Mar 1984 UNDRO Information Reports 1 – 2" 3237:

is the third language, only known by some urban people.

2983:

Road, Mandalay–Mogok–Singu–Bhamo Road, Mandalay–Lashio–

1023: 5403:"Mandalay's challenging road to becoming a smart city" 4463: 6098:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 128. 5929:"Ethnic Chinese in the Midst of Myanmar's Transition" 5906:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 144. 5074:"Klimatafel von Mandale (Mandalay) / Myanmar (Birma)" 585: 547: 538: 6191:"Educationalists concerned by Burmese literacy rate" 4064: 3601:

are among the nation's most selective universities.

3195:

could not get Burmese citizenship, the foreign-born

588: 559: 550: 5978: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5502:

Myanmar/Burma: inside challenges, outside interests

5471:"Ludu Daw Amar: Speaking Truth to Power by Min Zin" 5132: 5050:. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from 4369:. Directorate of Archaeological Survey, Burma. 1963 579: 576: 556: 541: 5189:"Junta's New White Elephant Project is Paying Off" 4836:Ritsumeikan Annual Review of International Studies 4358: 4356: 4341:(in Burmese). Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94 4314:(in Burmese). Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94 6166:. Human Rights Documentation Unit. Archived from 5547:Kyaw Zin Htun and Soe Than Linn (24 March 2008). 4213: 3889:(1910–1979), Burmese inventor, writer and teacher 7412: 5754:Center for Strategic & International Studies 5736: 5460:. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B006GMID5 5370: 4722:Ne Nwe Moe Aung and Sithu Naing (2 March 2009). 4126:(in Burmese). Eleven Media Group. 28 April 2011. 3458:was built to host the Women Football matches of 1116:Map of Mandalay and surrounding region from the 910: 5926: 5722:. Praeger (published 1 June 2007). p. 40. 5504:. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 95–97. 4950:National Oceanic and atmospheric administration 4437:Myint-U, Thant (16 January 2020). "Chapter 1". 4419:Mandalay: And Other Cities of the Past in Burma 4353: 768:, "Victorious Land over the Four Islands") and 5186: 5111:Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) 5048:"World Weather Information Service – Mandalay" 4987:Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) 4918: 4916: 4901:, vol 108, 19 November 2003. pp. 2–4 3832:The head of the herd was calling far far away. 3718: 3566:Category:Universities and colleges in Mandalay 3303:", also known as the world's largest book, in 1066: 7253: 7026: 6581: 6493: 6281: 5337: 5304: 5008: 4826: 3652: 3482:Zaycho market, the biggest market of the city 3381:(87.9FM) is the Mandalay metropolitan area's 3365:news and entertainment. Since December 2006, 3229:is the principal language of the city, while 773: 757: 747: 731: 607: 58: 34:. For the hotel and casino in Las Vegas, see 6229: 6188: 5988:Dragon Rising: An Inside Look at China Today 5955: 5953: 5806: 5456:Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2011). 4889: 4515:. London: F J Bright & Son. p. 254. 4339:ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန် (Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary) 4312:ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန် (Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary) 4284: 3765:. Of this, only excerpts survive. A further 3505:Since the country's post-1988 shift towards 2865:) and the starting point of branch lines to 1190:is powerful, the city qualifies as having a 6248: 6118: 6093: 6021:Impact of China's Rise on the Mekong Region 6018: 5901: 5873: 5647: 5340:"Domestic autos take over Mandalay streets" 5095: 5066: 5040: 4913: 4559:The British Empire and the Second World War 4480: 4103:State Pariyatti Sasana University, Mandalay 3883:(1868–1944), social worker and Buddhist nun 1079:. The Chinese influx accelerated after the 1075:, many of whom were recent immigrants from 813:founded a new royal capital at the foot of 7260: 7246: 7033: 7019: 6588: 6574: 6500: 6486: 6242: 6232:"Burma junta faulted for rampant diseases" 6048:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 30. 5222: 5101: 4977: 4809:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4669:. ReliefWeb. 27 March 1984. Archived from 4390: 4192:China's Ambitions in Myanmar (July 2000). 4130: 3874:(1928–1997), Burmese general, chairman of 3636:In 2005, the public health care system of 3450:representing the city in the newly formed 1215:December 1999. There is considerably more 675:Today, Mandalay is the economic centre of 7276:Myanmar cities with a 100,000+ population 6014: 6012: 5950: 4247: 4245: 4243: 3776:The large hotel/casino/convention center 2555:(sacred diamond bud) on 13 December 1996. 875:In June 1857, the former royal palace of 717:(မဏ္ဍလ), referring to circular plains or 703:. The name is probably a derivative of a 6431:Mandalay Centenary Song by Than Myat Soe 6284:"Medical tourism gives patients options" 5897: 5895: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5717: 4938: 4838:. Ritsumeikan University. Archived from 4755: 4416:Vincent Clarence Scott O'Connor (1907). 3625: 3614: 3599:University of Computer Studies, Mandalay 3569: 3477: 3427: 3317: 3287:, now in Mandalay. Teresa Merrigan, 2005 3270: 2846:Central Railway Station on 78th and 30th 2841: 2787: 2712: 2671: 2655: 2626: 2556: 2508: 1111: 983: 925: 914: 863: 819: 805:is the founder of Mandalay royal capital 796: 6182: 5819:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. pp. 5747: 5499: 5286:"Burmese Economy Is an Obstacle to Aid" 4865:"Top 10 Smart Cities in Southeast Asia" 4751: 4749: 4555: 4436: 4409: 3876:State Law and Order Restoration Council 3861:which was released as a single in 2001. 3835:They met one night in the silver light, 3591:University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay 2717:Mandalay City Hall and MCDC Headquarter 1219:in the dry season than the wet season. 699:The city gets its name from the nearby 7413: 6334: 6143: 6009: 5991:. National Geographic Press. pp. 5984: 5843: 5787: 4822: 4820: 4332: 4305: 4240: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4031:Kuthodaw Pagoda and Sandar Muni Pagoda 3086: 2652:are located inside the palace grounds. 1237:Climate data for Mandalay (1991–2020) 386:163.84 km (63.26 sq mi) 7241: 7014: 6569: 6481: 5962:China's Rise and the Chinese Overseas 5892: 5862: 5770: 5540: 5426: 5424: 5298: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5218: 5216: 4774: 4610: 4608: 4499:Lowry, John,1974, Burmese Art, London 4457: 4386: 4384: 2951:Mandalay does not have an intra-city 2528:", which literally means "inimitable 779: 763: 752:) "City of Gems." It was also called 737: 644:Mandalay was founded in 1857 by King 624: 150:, cultural conservation zones around 30:For the poem by Rudyard Kipling, see 7426:Populated places established in 1859 6068: 6043: 5959: 5936:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 5812: 5463: 5331: 4746: 4623:Agency for International Development 4508: 4291:(2nd ed.). Rivingtons. p. 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 1024:Contemporary Mandalay (1948–present) 7431:Populated places in Mandalay Region 7042:Administrative divisions of Myanmar 6595: 5878:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 237. 5641: 5571: 5278: 5187:Maung Maung Oo (26 November 2001). 5180: 5083:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst 4971: 4817: 4483:"Prospects of Education in Myanmar" 4180: 3516:The imposition of sanctions by the 2727:Mandalay City Development Committee 2536:Buddha's Replica Tooth Relic Pagoda 1124:Mandalay is located in the central 1081:State Peace and Development Council 961:Myowun (Mayor) of Mandalay, c. 1900 723:, a mountain from Hindu mythology. 13: 6189:Yee May Aung (10 September 2008). 6096:Ethnic Chinese as Southeast Asians 5904:Ethnic Chinese As Southeast Asians 5673:Technical Climbing Club of Myanmar 5518: 5421: 5364: 5237: 5213: 4699:. 25 February 2008. Archived from 4605: 4474: 4381: 4019:Festival in front of the City Hall 3353:comes from Yangon-based state-run 3081: 2504: 2481:Norwegian Meteorological Institute 1006:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service 637:. Located on the east bank of the 14: 7457: 6359: 6215:. 17 January 2007. Archived from 6144:Perlez, Jane (28 November 2016). 5691:goldenlandproject-blog.tumblr.com 4214:Stephen Mansfield (13 May 1999). 4200: 3865: 3595:Mandalay Technological University 3465: 3027: 2994:Western Burma and India—Mandalay– 2708: 1163:, and it came to be known as the 784:, "Famed Royal Emerald Palace"). 7269: 7222: 7095: 6655: 6649: 6365: 5371:Shwe Yinn Mar Oo (2 June 2008). 4481:Ko Yin Aung (23 December 1999). 4422:. Hutchinson & Co. pp. 4083:Sacred Heart Cathedral, Mandalay 4067: 4048: 4036: 4024: 4008: 4003:Mandalay early Thingyan Festival 3996: 3984: 3969: 3953: 3941: 3926: 3914: 3900: 3705: 3692: 3679: 3666: 3631:University of Medicine, Mandalay 3587:University of Medicine, Mandalay 3254: 3242: 2851:Mandalay Central Railway Station 1202:(Köppen climate classification: 1194:(Köppen climate classification: 1035:University of Medicine, Mandalay 966: 954: 792: 652:as the new royal capital of the 629:) is the second-largest city in 572: 534: 309: 244: 243: 236: 211: 210: 203: 179: 134: 123: 114: 103: 94: 83: 47:City in Mandalay Region, Myanmar 6464:23 May 1859 – 29 November 1885 6328: 6298: 6275: 6223: 6205: 6156: 6137: 6112: 6087: 6062: 6037: 5920: 5837: 5711: 5696: 5681: 5666: 5648:Han Oo Khin (9–15 March 2009). 5615: 5605:"Naypyidaw to Launch New Daily" 5597: 5581:. Myanmar's Net. Archived from 5493: 5450: 5395: 5223:Thiha Aung (13 February 2005). 5154: 4899:Journal of Geophysical Research 4883: 4857: 4768: 4715: 4685: 4659: 4637:"23,000 Homeless in Burma Fire" 4629: 4580: 4556:Jackson, Ashley (10 May 2006). 4549: 4534: 4519: 4502: 4493: 4464:Herbert Thirkell White (1913). 4430: 4254:"Mandalay marks 150th birthday" 3991:Shwe Kyaung, a famous monastery 3795:in Burma, and his first novel, 3311:, each housed in its own white 3067: 2971:Upper Burma and China—Mandalay– 6341:Finding George Orwell in Burma 6282:Thein Win Nyo (11 June 2007). 5477:, October 2002. Archived from 5458:Traders of the Golden Triangle 5338:Phyo Wai Kyaw (30 July 2007). 5102:Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. 4978:Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. 4890:Christophe Vigny; et al. 4758:"The Chinese Road to Mandalay" 4326: 4299: 4278: 4216:"Myanmar's Chinese connection" 4194:"China's Ambitions in Myanmar" 4154: 4115: 4055:Now defunct old Sagaing Bridge 3604: 3375:Myanmar Radio National Service 3261:Population of Mandalay in 2014 2932:Mandalay has a station on the 2797:Mandalay International Airport 2792:Mandalay International Airport 2593:as edited and approved by the 2487:(mean temperatures 1991–2010) 1118:International Map of the World 947:and used it to billet troops. 16:Second-largest city in Myanmar 1: 6230:Yasmin Anwar (28 June 2007). 6152:(published 27 November 2016). 5305:Phyo Wai Kyaw (2 June 2008). 4108: 3934:Maha Aungmye Bonzan Monastery 3859:Eternity/The Road to Mandalay 3822:In the 1956 children's song " 3649:or Singapore) for treatment. 3611:List of hospitals in Mandalay 2820:Mandalay Chanmyathazi Airport 2733:consists of seven townships. 2551:(sacred bird perch vane) and 2270:Average rainfall mm (inches) 1217:diurnal temperature variation 911:Colonial Mandalay (1885–1948) 418:11,000/km (27,000/sq mi) 224:Location of Mandalay, Myanmar 7446:1859 establishments in Burma 7441:Township capitals of Myanmar 6507: 6373:travel guide from Wikivoyage 6344:. Penguin Publishing Group. 6249:Aye Lei Tun (11 June 2007). 6119:Kurlantzick, Joshua (2008). 3559: 3433:Mandalarthiri Sports Complex 3223:) also resides in Mandalay. 2861:main rail line from Yangon ( 2801:Yangon International Airport 2774: 2690:Yadanabon Zoological Gardens 2597:. It is popularly known as " 2499: 1192:tropical wet and dry climate 1107: 694: 7: 7188:Self-Administered Divisions 5703:Mandalay Area Rock Climbing 5373:"Motor vehicles in Myanmar" 4588:"Mandalay Centenary Stamps" 4060: 3948:Mandalay Palace Watch Tower 3719:Mandalay in popular culture 3299:sits the world's official " 3203:cards on the black market. 2601:" for its stone scriptures. 2130:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1990:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1710:Average precipitation days 1496:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1356:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1067:Illegal Chinese immigration 742:), a loan of the Pali name 710: 10: 7462: 6306:"Mandalay Rudyard Kipling" 5848:. Routledge. p. 153. 5718:Percival, Bronson (2007). 5623:"Mandalay Daily Newspaper" 5549:"Mandalay gets FM station" 5250:"Asian Highway in Myanmar" 4196:. IISS Strategic Comments. 3893: 3653:Twin towns – sister cities 3608: 3563: 3473: 3333:, mostly destroyed during 3266: 3199:can easily obtain Burmese 3040:and/or private and public 3015:Yangon-Mandalay Expressway 2927:Mandalay–Myitkyina Railway 2723:Mandalay Region Government 2692:: A small zoo between the 2547:(sacred golden umbrella), 2491: 2478: 1870: 1859: 1851: 1236: 1177: 1102:ASEAN Smart Cities Network 1002:Japanese conquest of Burma 941:Victoria and Albert Museum 831:built during the reign of 787: 781:[mja̰náɰ̃sàɰ̃tɕɔ̀] 666:Japanese conquest of Burma 445: • Ethnic groups 29: 18: 7367: 7331: 7314: 7298: 7282: 7219: 7203: 7187: 7151: 7105: 7092: 7048: 6862: 6839: 6801: 6778: 6745: 6712: 6664: 6647: 6616: 6603: 6515: 6466: 6457: 6449: 6442: 6094:Suryadinata, Leo (1997). 6073:. Springer. p. 155. 6069:Tong, Chee Kiong (2014). 6019:Santasombat, Yos (2015). 5902:Suryadinata, Leo (1997). 5874:Santasombat, Yos (2017). 5142:(in French). Meteo Climat 4926:(in French). Meteo Climat 4529:history.howstuffworks.com 4015:Opening Ceremony Myanmar 3844:The American film studio 3619:Mandalay General Hospital 3526:foreign direct investment 3423: 3404:and the English language 3180: 3099:— 2959:has been decommissioned. 2431: 2383: 2339: 2269: 2199: 2129: 2059: 1989: 1919: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1804: 1756: 1709: 1635: 1565: 1495: 1425: 1355: 1285: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1174:to the west of the city. 774: 765:[lédʑʊ́ɰ̃àʊɰ̃mjè] 758: 748: 732: 608: 517: 507: 490: 480: 461: 444: 433: 422: 414: 403: 398: 390: 379: 374: 361: 356: 346: 334: 322: 304: 269: 197: 193: 175: 77: 68: 59: 52: 40:Mandalay (disambiguation) 5748:Hiebert, Murray (2020). 5708:, accessed 15 March 2021 5693:, accessed 15 March 2021 5678:, accessed 15 March 2021 5016:"Myanmar Climate Report" 4775:Chang, Wen-Chin (2014). 4546:, accessed 21 March 2021 4531:, accessed 21 March 2021 4487:The New Light of Myanmar 4467:A Civil Servant in Burma 3964:) inside Mandalay Palace 3838:On the road to Mandalay. 3361:, both of which provide 3344: 3339:Central Military Command 2962: 2825: 2650:Mandalay Cultural Museum 1131:Mandalay lies along the 1039:Defence Services Academy 683:immigrants, mostly from 19:Not to be confused with 7152:Self-Administered Zones 5985:Becker, Jasper (2007). 5706:www.mountainproject.com 4756:Min Lwin (April 2009). 4509:Bird, George W (1897). 3976:Great Audience Hall in 3960:The Palace of Mirrors ( 3757:wrote a novel in 1917, 3738:On the Road to Mandalay 3507:economic liberalization 3452:Myanmar National League 3392:, the Burmese language 2875:Mandalay–Lashio Railway 2863:Yangon–Mandalay Railway 2837: 6684:Chanayethazan Township 6679:Aungmyethazan Township 6535:Chanayethazan Township 6530:Aungmyethazan Township 6023:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5650:"New era for football" 4827:Poon Kim Shee (2002). 3841: 3817:The Road Past Mandalay 3793:Indian Imperial Police 3633: 3620: 3583:University of Mandalay 3577: 3575:University of Mandalay 3483: 3435: 3326: 3288: 2991:route 14 or AH14) 2847: 2793: 2783: 2718: 2702:Burmese roofed turtles 2679: 2663: 2635: 2615:Mahamuni Buddha Temple 2595:Fifth Buddhist council 2572: 2517: 2485:Deutscher Wetterdienst 1121: 993: 931: 923: 872: 835: 806: 462: • Religions 457:& other minorities 394:22 m (70 ft) 148:Mahamuni Buddha Temple 38:. For other uses, see 6863:Main cities and towns 6788:Kyaukpadaung Township 6694:Maha Aungmye Township 6689:Chanmyathazi Township 6545:Maha Aungmye Township 6540:Chanmyathazi Township 6382:4 August 2009 at the 6201:on 14 September 2008. 5500:Rieffel, Lex (2010). 4285:Issac Taylor (1898). 3829: 3767:film of the same name 3727:wrote a poem called " 3629: 3618: 3573: 3481: 3456:Mandalarthiri Stadium 3444:Mandalarthiri Stadium 3431: 3321: 3274: 3073:Historical population 2845: 2791: 2716: 2675: 2659: 2630: 2560: 2512: 1224:hot semi-arid climate 1200:hot semi-arid climate 1139:boundary between the 1115: 987: 973:Map of Mandalay, 1911 929: 918: 867: 845:Pahtan-haw Shwe Thein 823: 800: 739:[jədənàbòʊɰ̃] 289:21.98306°N 96.08444°E 164:Mandalarthiri Stadium 6831:Thabeikkyin Township 6704:Pyigyidagun Township 6555:Pyigyidagun Township 6170:on 22 September 2008 5844:Storey, Ian (2011). 5788:Miller, Tom (2017). 5756:. pp. 107–109. 5662:on 15 February 2012. 5230:New Light of Myanmar 5104:"Myanmar – Mandalay" 4980:"Myanmar – Mandalay" 4470:. London: E. Arnold. 4162:"Myanmar Area Codes" 3807:Shooting an Elephant 3759:The Road to Mandalay 3407:New Light of Myanmar 2893:, and to the north, 2668:Shwenandaw Monastery 2661:Shwenandaw Monastery 2599:World's largest book 2570:world's largest book 1920:Record high °C (°F) 1286:Record high °C (°F) 1047:commemorative stamps 990:19th Indian Division 519:Vehicle registration 415: • Density 7299:1,000,000–1,999,999 6821:Pyinoolwin Township 6803:Pyinoolwin District 6699:Patheingyi Township 6550:Patheingyi Township 6219:on 5 February 2008. 5688:golden land project 5611:. 23 December 2008. 5559:on 16 December 2010 5438:on 18 December 2008 5383:on 20 November 2008 4871:on 23 November 2018 4734:on 16 December 2010 4703:on 29 December 2016 4564:Bloomsbury Academic 4512:Wanderings in Burma 4391:Kyaw Thein (1996). 3857:sang a song called 3853:British pop singer 3824:Nellie the Elephant 3390:national newspapers 3275:Buddha relics from 3074: 2955:system. The former 2853:is the terminus of 2340:Average rainy days 2200:Record low °C (°F) 2060:Daily mean °C (°F) 1566:Record low °C (°F) 1426:Daily mean °C (°F) 1165:Great Sagaing Quake 1031:Mandalay University 285: / 227:Show map of Myanmar 7283:2,000,000 and more 7229:Myanmar portal 6674:Amarapura Township 6636:Sintgaing Township 6525:Amarapura Township 6402:on 3 January 2007. 6312:on 5 December 2008 6150:The New York Times 6044:Chua, Amy (2003). 5813:Chua, Amy (2003). 5585:on 9 February 2017 5409:. 19 November 2018 5140:"Station Mandalay" 4924:"Station Mandalay" 4544:www.worldwar-2.net 4443:. Atlantic Books. 4308:"Entry for ratana" 4228:on 10 January 2009 4168:on 1 December 2009 4098:Shwekyimyin Pagoda 4093:Setkyathiha Pagoda 3755:Bithia Mary Croker 3634: 3621: 3578: 3484: 3436: 3385:oriented station. 3327: 3289: 3072: 2848: 2794: 2719: 2680: 2664: 2636: 2605:Kyauktawgyi Pagoda 2573: 2564:– Some of the 729 2522:Atumashi Monastery 2518: 2514:Atumashi Monastery 1122: 1073:ethnic Han Chinese 994: 932: 924: 873: 836: 807: 754:Lay Kyun Aung Myei 466:Theravada Buddhism 294:21.98306; 96.08444 7408: 7407: 7235: 7234: 7204:Union Territories 7008: 7007: 6854:Yamethin Township 6841:Yamethin District 6793:Nyaung-U Township 6780:Nyaung-U District 6770:Taungtha Township 6755:Myingyan Township 6747:Myingyan District 6727:Meiktila Township 6722:Mahlaing Township 6714:Meiktila District 6666:Mandalay District 6563: 6562: 6517:Mandalay District 6476: 6475: 6467:Succeeded by 6351:978-1-101-11812-2 6130:978-0-300-13628-9 6080:978-94-007-9518-1 6055:978-0-385-72186-8 6030:978-1-349-69307-8 6002:978-1-4262-0116-5 5971:978-1-138-29368-7 5913:978-981-3055-50-6 5885:978-981-10-4695-7 5855:978-0-415-83835-1 5830:978-0-385-72186-8 5799:978-1-78360-923-9 5763:978-1-4422-8138-7 5729:978-978-097-899-0 5655:The Myanmar Times 5511:978-0-8157-0505-5 5481:on 3 October 2011 5162:"Flight Schedule" 5028:on 8 October 2018 4788:978-0-8014-5451-6 4728:The Myanmar Times 4695:. China View via 4450:978-1-78649-789-5 4364:"Mandalay Palace" 4259:The Myanmar Times 4043:A Mandalayan girl 3847:Mandalay Pictures 3769:was directed by 3357:and military-run 3295:. At the foot of 3217:Indian immigrants 3184: 3183: 2957:Trams in Mandalay 2731:Mandalay District 2524:: The "Atumashi 2496: 2495: 2386:relative humidity 1864: 1863: 1759:relative humidity 759:လေးကျွန်းအောင်မြေ 626:[màndəlé] 527: 526: 341:Mandalay District 170: 7453: 7274: 7273: 7262: 7255: 7248: 7239: 7238: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7100: 7099: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7012: 7011: 6849:Pyawbwe Township 6760:Natogyi Township 6737:Wundwin Township 6659: 6653: 6631:Myittha Township 6626:Kyaukse Township 6618:Kyaukse District 6590: 6583: 6576: 6567: 6566: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6479: 6478: 6460:Capital of Burma 6450:Preceded by 6440: 6439: 6411: 6403: 6401: 6395:. Archived from 6394: 6369: 6355: 6338:(6 March 2006). 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6308:. Archived from 6302: 6296: 6295: 6294:on 20 July 2008. 6290:. Archived from 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6259:. Archived from 6246: 6240: 6239: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6197:. Archived from 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6016: 6007: 6006: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5957: 5948: 5947: 5933: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5899: 5890: 5889: 5871: 5860: 5859: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5785: 5768: 5767: 5745: 5734: 5733: 5715: 5709: 5700: 5694: 5685: 5679: 5676:www.facebook.com 5670: 5664: 5663: 5658:. Archived from 5645: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5579:"Mandalay Media" 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5555:. Archived from 5544: 5538: 5537: 5536:. 20 March 2008. 5522: 5516: 5515: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5467: 5461: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5428: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5379:. Archived from 5368: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5352:on 30 April 2011 5348:. Archived from 5335: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5319:on 30 April 2011 5315:. Archived from 5302: 5296: 5295: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5266:on 29 April 2011 5265: 5259:. Archived from 5254: 5246: 5235: 5234: 5220: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5201:on 23 March 2012 5197:. Archived from 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5164:. Archived from 5158: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5120:on 27 April 2013 5119: 5108: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5078: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5027: 5020: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4996:on 27 April 2013 4995: 4984: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4958: 4952:. Archived from 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4920: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4896: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4867:. Archived from 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4844: 4833: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4808: 4800: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4753: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4730:. Archived from 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4673:on 29 April 2011 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4625:. 24 March 1984. 4620: 4612: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4553: 4547: 4541:World War II net 4538: 4532: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4388: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4368: 4360: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4335:"Entry for pūra" 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4262:. Archived from 4249: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4224:. Archived from 4211: 4198: 4197: 4189: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4164:. Archived from 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4124:Bi-Weekly Eleven 4119: 4088:Sandamuni Pagoda 4077: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4052: 4040: 4028: 4012: 4000: 3988: 3973: 3957: 3945: 3930: 3918: 3904: 3748:Come Fly With Me 3710: 3709: 3697: 3696: 3684: 3683: 3671: 3670: 3410:. The state-run 3379:Mandalay City FM 3363:Burmese language 3258: 3246: 3088: 3083: 3075: 3071: 2855:Myanmar Railways 2832:Ayeyarwady River 2581:Shwezigon Pagoda 1868: 1867: 1713: 1234: 1233: 1188:Arakan Mountains 1061:Yadanabon Market 970: 958: 937:Mandalay College 885:Konbaung dynasty 783: 777: 776: 767: 761: 760: 751: 750: 741: 735: 734: 715: 670:Second World War 654:Konbaung dynasty 628: 622: 613: 612: 611: 601: 600: 597: 596: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 569: 568: 565: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 315: 313: 312: 300: 299: 297: 296: 295: 290: 286: 283: 282: 281: 278: 261: 260:Show map of Asia 247: 246: 240: 228: 214: 213: 207: 183: 145: 138: 127: 118: 107: 98: 87: 63: 62: 61: 50: 49: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7436:Irrawaddy River 7411: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7368:100,000–199,999 7363: 7332:200,000–499,999 7327: 7315:500,000–999,999 7310: 7294: 7278: 7268: 7266: 7236: 7231: 7223: 7221: 7215: 7199: 7183: 7147: 7101: 7094: 7090: 7044: 7039: 7009: 7004: 6858: 6835: 6811:Madaya Township 6797: 6774: 6765:Ngazun Township 6741: 6732:Thazi Township 6708: 6660: 6654: 6645: 6641:Tada-U Township 6612: 6599: 6597:Mandalay Region 6594: 6564: 6559: 6511: 6506: 6472: 6463: 6455: 6445: 6405: 6399: 6392: 6388: 6384:Wayback Machine 6362: 6352: 6331: 6326: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6263:on 20 July 2008 6247: 6243: 6228: 6224: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6017: 6010: 6003: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5958: 5951: 5931: 5925: 5921: 5914: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5872: 5863: 5856: 5842: 5838: 5831: 5811: 5807: 5800: 5786: 5771: 5764: 5746: 5737: 5730: 5716: 5712: 5701: 5697: 5686: 5682: 5671: 5667: 5646: 5642: 5632: 5630: 5629:on 1 March 2012 5621: 5620: 5616: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5545: 5541: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5512: 5498: 5494: 5484: 5482: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5455: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5430: 5429: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5407:www.mmtimes.com 5401: 5400: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5369: 5365: 5355: 5353: 5336: 5332: 5322: 5320: 5303: 5299: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5238: 5221: 5214: 5204: 5202: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5086: 5084: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4959:on 17 July 2021 4956: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4922: 4921: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4874: 4872: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4845:on 4 March 2016 4842: 4831: 4825: 4818: 4802: 4801: 4789: 4773: 4769: 4754: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4720: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4647:. 26 March 1984 4635: 4634: 4630: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4586: 4585: 4581: 4574: 4554: 4550: 4539: 4535: 4524: 4520: 4507: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4479: 4475: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4435: 4431: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4389: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4304: 4300: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4250: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4212: 4201: 4190: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4073: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4056: 4053: 4044: 4041: 4032: 4029: 4020: 4013: 4004: 4001: 3992: 3989: 3980: 3978:Mandalay Palace 3974: 3965: 3958: 3949: 3946: 3937: 3931: 3922: 3919: 3910: 3905: 3896: 3868: 3855:Robbie Williams 3725:Rudyard Kipling 3721: 3704: 3691: 3678: 3665: 3655: 3638:Mandalay Region 3613: 3607: 3568: 3562: 3543:bamboo networks 3476: 3468: 3426: 3347: 3331:Mandalay Palace 3324:Mandalay Palace 3305:Kuthodaw Pagoda 3269: 3262: 3259: 3250: 3247: 3070: 3061:cycle rickshaws 3053:Burmese English 3030: 2965: 2950: 2840: 2828: 2786: 2777: 2711: 2694:Mandalay Palace 2646:Mandalay Palace 2577:Kuthodaw Pagoda 2562:Kuthodaw Pagoda 2507: 2505:Around the city 2502: 2497: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1865: 1711: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1198:), bordering a 1180: 1172:Irrawaddy River 1110: 1069: 1026: 978: 977: 976: 975: 974: 971: 963: 962: 959: 921:Mandalay Palace 913: 869:Mandalay Palace 848:Ordination Hall 841:Kuthodaw Pagoda 795: 790: 770:Mandalay Palace 697: 639:Irrawaddy River 609: 575: 571: 537: 533: 329:Mandalay Region 310: 308: 293: 291: 287: 284: 279: 276: 274: 272: 271: 265: 264: 263: 262: 259: 258: 257:Mandalay (Asia) 255: 254: 253: 252: 248: 231: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 220: 219: 215: 189: 188: 187: 186: 171: 168:Mandalay Palace 143: 142: 141: 140: 139: 130: 129: 128: 120: 119: 110: 109: 108: 100: 99: 90: 89: 88: 73: 64: 57: 55: 48: 43: 32:Mandalay (poem) 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7459: 7449: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7371: 7369: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7279: 7265: 7264: 7257: 7250: 7242: 7233: 7232: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7207: 7205: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7197: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7045: 7038: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7015: 7006: 7005: 7003: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6851: 6845: 6843: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6826:Singu Township 6823: 6818: 6816:Mogok Township 6813: 6807: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6784: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6751: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6670: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6622: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6570: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6521: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6505: 6504: 6497: 6490: 6482: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6465: 6456: 6451: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6386: 6374: 6361: 6360:External links 6358: 6357: 6356: 6350: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6297: 6274: 6241: 6222: 6204: 6181: 6155: 6136: 6129: 6111: 6104: 6086: 6079: 6061: 6054: 6036: 6029: 6008: 6001: 5977: 5970: 5949: 5919: 5912: 5891: 5884: 5861: 5854: 5836: 5829: 5805: 5798: 5769: 5762: 5735: 5728: 5710: 5695: 5680: 5665: 5640: 5614: 5596: 5570: 5539: 5530:People's Daily 5517: 5510: 5492: 5462: 5449: 5420: 5394: 5363: 5330: 5297: 5294:. 29 May 2008. 5291:New York Times 5277: 5236: 5212: 5179: 5153: 5131: 5094: 5065: 5039: 5007: 4970: 4937: 4912: 4882: 4856: 4816: 4787: 4767: 4745: 4714: 4684: 4658: 4641:New York Times 4628: 4616:"BURMA - Fire" 4604: 4579: 4572: 4566:. p. 41. 4548: 4533: 4518: 4501: 4492: 4473: 4456: 4449: 4429: 4408: 4401: 4395:. UN-Habitat. 4380: 4352: 4325: 4298: 4277: 4266:on 2 June 2009 4239: 4199: 4179: 4153: 4129: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4075:Myanmar portal 4062: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4054: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4023: 4021: 4014: 4007: 4005: 4002: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3983: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3940: 3938: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3913: 3911: 3906: 3899: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3867: 3866:Notable people 3864: 3863: 3862: 3851: 3840: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3828: 3827: 3820: 3810: 3805:" (1931) and " 3786: 3774: 3752: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3702: 3689: 3676: 3654: 3651: 3606: 3603: 3561: 3558: 3522:European Union 3475: 3472: 3467: 3466:Sport climbing 3464: 3460:27th SEA Games 3440:Bahtoo Stadium 3425: 3422: 3418:Mandalay Daily 3351:TV programming 3346: 3343: 3301:Buddhist Bible 3277:Kanishka stupa 3268: 3265: 3264: 3263: 3260: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3241: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3069: 3066: 3029: 3028:Buses and cars 3026: 3022: 3021: 3011: 2992: 2987:Road (part of 2964: 2961: 2947:port railway. 2934:standard gauge 2839: 2836: 2827: 2824: 2813:white elephant 2785: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2745: 2740: 2710: 2709:Administration 2707: 2706: 2705: 2687: 2681: 2654: 2653: 2643: 2637: 2612: 2602: 2574: 2549:Hngetmyatnadaw 2533: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2434:sunshine hours 2429: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 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1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1232: 1179: 1176: 1137:tectonic plate 1109: 1106: 1068: 1065: 1025: 1022: 972: 965: 964: 960: 953: 952: 951: 950: 949: 912: 909: 899:and his queen 893:British Empire 794: 791: 789: 786: 696: 693: 662:British Empire 525: 524: 521: 515: 514: 511: 505: 504: 494: 488: 487: 484: 478: 477: 463: 459: 458: 446: 442: 441: 438: 431: 430: 427: 420: 419: 416: 412: 411: 408: 401: 400: 396: 395: 392: 388: 387: 384: 377: 376: 372: 371: 366: 359: 358: 354: 353: 348: 344: 343: 338: 332: 331: 326: 320: 319: 306: 302: 301: 267: 266: 256: 250: 249: 242: 241: 235: 234: 233: 232: 223: 217: 216: 209: 208: 202: 201: 200: 199: 198: 195: 194: 191: 190: 184: 178: 177: 176: 173: 172: 144: 133: 132: 131: 122: 121: 113: 112: 111: 102: 101: 93: 92: 91: 82: 81: 80: 79: 78: 75: 74: 69: 66: 65: 56: 53: 46: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7458: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7366: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7272: 7263: 7258: 7256: 7251: 7249: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7230: 7218: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7202: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7150: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7036: 7031: 7029: 7024: 7022: 7017: 7016: 7013: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6663: 6658: 6652: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6602: 6598: 6591: 6586: 6584: 6579: 6577: 6572: 6571: 6568: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6498: 6496: 6491: 6489: 6484: 6483: 6480: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6454: 6448: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6409: 6398: 6391: 6387: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6353: 6347: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6293: 6289: 6288:Myanmar Times 6285: 6278: 6262: 6258: 6257: 6256:Myanmar Times 6252: 6245: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6132: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6107: 6105:981-3055-58-8 6101: 6097: 6090: 6082: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6046:World On Fire 6040: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6013: 6004: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5981: 5973: 5967: 5963: 5956: 5954: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5923: 5915: 5909: 5905: 5898: 5896: 5887: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5857: 5851: 5847: 5840: 5832: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5816:World On Fire 5809: 5801: 5795: 5792:. Zed Books. 5791: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5765: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5731: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5704: 5699: 5692: 5689: 5684: 5677: 5674: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5644: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5610: 5606: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5558: 5554: 5553:Myanmar Times 5550: 5543: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5513: 5507: 5503: 5496: 5480: 5476: 5475:The Irrawaddy 5472: 5466: 5459: 5453: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5382: 5378: 5377:Myanmar Times 5374: 5367: 5351: 5347: 5346: 5345:Myanmar Times 5341: 5334: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5312:Myanmar Times 5308: 5301: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5281: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5219: 5217: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5194:The Irrawaddy 5190: 5183: 5168:on 5 May 2015 5167: 5163: 5157: 5141: 5135: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5098: 5082: 5075: 5069: 5054:on 6 May 2012 5053: 5049: 5043: 5024: 5017: 5011: 4992: 4988: 4981: 4974: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4925: 4919: 4917: 4900: 4893: 4886: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4841: 4837: 4830: 4823: 4821: 4812: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4771: 4763: 4762:The Irrawaddy 4759: 4752: 4750: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4718: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4575: 4573:9781852854171 4569: 4565: 4561: 4560: 4552: 4545: 4542: 4537: 4530: 4527: 4522: 4514: 4513: 4505: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4469: 4468: 4460: 4452: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4433: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4412: 4404: 4402:9789211313130 4398: 4394: 4387: 4385: 4365: 4359: 4357: 4340: 4336: 4329: 4313: 4309: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4281: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4227: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4195: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4141: 4140: 4139:Census Report 4133: 4125: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4065: 4051: 4046: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4011: 4006: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3982: 3979: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3956: 3951: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3909: 3908:Mandalay Hill 3903: 3898: 3897: 3888: 3887:Zwe Ohn Chein 3885: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3789:George Orwell 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3743:Frank Sinatra 3740: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3714:, South Korea 3713: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3544: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3518:United States 3514: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3489: 3488:Upper Myanmar 3480: 3471: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3297:Mandalay Hill 3294: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3257: 3252: 3245: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3205:Ludu Daw Amar 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3013:Lower Burma– 3012: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2989:Asian Highway 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2844: 2835: 2833: 2823: 2821: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2781: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750:(city centre) 2749: 2748:Chanayethazan 2746: 2744: 2743:Aungmyethazan 2741: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2715: 2703: 2699: 2698:Mandalay Hill 2695: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2684:U Bein Bridge 2682: 2678: 2677:U Bein Bridge 2674: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2640:Mandalay Hill 2638: 2633: 2632:Mandalay Hill 2629: 2624: 2623:Rakhine State 2620: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2568:known as the 2567: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432:Mean monthly 2430: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1874: 1869: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805:Mean monthly 1803: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1708: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1639: 1638:precipitation 1634: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1182:Although the 1175: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149:23 March 1839 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133:Sagaing Fault 1129: 1127: 1119: 1114: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1050: 1049:were issued. 1048: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 991: 986: 982: 969: 957: 948: 946: 942: 938: 928: 922: 919:A bastion at 917: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 881: 878: 870: 866: 862: 860: 856: 853: 849: 846: 842: 834: 830: 827: 822: 818: 816: 815:Mandalay Hill 812: 804: 799: 793:Early history 785: 782: 775:မြနန်းစံကျော် 771: 766: 755: 745: 740: 729: 724: 722: 721: 716: 714: 713: 706: 702: 701:Mandalay Hill 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 677:Upper Myanmar 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 642: 640: 636: 632: 627: 623: 617: 605: 599: 567: 531: 522: 520: 516: 512: 510: 506: 502: 498: 495: 493: 489: 485: 483: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 460: 456: 453: 450: 447: 443: 439: 437: 434: • 432: 428: 426: 423: • 421: 417: 413: 409: 407: 404: • 402: 397: 393: 389: 385: 383: 380: • 378: 373: 370: 367: 365: 362: • 360: 355: 352: 349: 345: 342: 339: 337: 333: 330: 327: 325: 321: 318: 307: 303: 298: 270:Coordinates: 268: 239: 206: 196: 192: 182: 174: 169: 165: 161: 157: 156:U Bein Bridge 153: 152:Mandalay Hill 149: 137: 126: 117: 106: 97: 86: 76: 72: 67: 51: 45: 41: 37: 33: 26: 22: 7305: 6904: 6885:Kyaukpadaung 6609: 6605: 6508: 6458: 6397:the original 6340: 6336:Larkin, Emma 6329:Bibliography 6314:. Retrieved 6310:the original 6300: 6292:the original 6287: 6277: 6265:. Retrieved 6261:the original 6254: 6244: 6225: 6217:the original 6207: 6199:the original 6184: 6174:14 September 6172:. Retrieved 6168:the original 6158: 6149: 6139: 6120: 6114: 6095: 6089: 6070: 6064: 6045: 6039: 6020: 5987: 5980: 5961: 5935: 5922: 5903: 5875: 5845: 5839: 5815: 5808: 5789: 5749: 5719: 5713: 5705: 5698: 5690: 5683: 5675: 5668: 5660:the original 5653: 5643: 5631:. Retrieved 5627:the original 5617: 5608: 5599: 5587:. Retrieved 5583:the original 5573: 5561:. Retrieved 5557:the original 5552: 5542: 5520: 5501: 5495: 5483:. Retrieved 5479:the original 5465: 5457: 5452: 5440:. Retrieved 5436:the original 5411:. Retrieved 5406: 5397: 5385:. Retrieved 5381:the original 5376: 5366: 5354:. Retrieved 5350:the original 5343: 5333: 5321:. Retrieved 5317:the original 5310: 5300: 5289: 5280: 5268:. Retrieved 5261:the original 5256: 5228: 5203:. Retrieved 5199:the original 5192: 5182: 5170:. Retrieved 5166:the original 5156: 5144:. Retrieved 5134: 5122:. Retrieved 5115:the original 5110: 5097: 5085:. Retrieved 5080: 5068: 5056:. Retrieved 5052:the original 5042: 5030:. Retrieved 5023:the original 5010: 4998:. Retrieved 4991:the original 4986: 4973: 4961:. Retrieved 4954:the original 4940: 4928:. Retrieved 4903:. Retrieved 4885: 4873:. Retrieved 4869:the original 4859: 4847:. Retrieved 4840:the original 4835: 4777: 4770: 4761: 4736:. Retrieved 4732:the original 4727: 4717: 4705:. Retrieved 4701:the original 4687: 4675:. Retrieved 4671:the original 4661: 4649:. Retrieved 4631: 4622: 4595:. Retrieved 4582: 4558: 4551: 4543: 4536: 4528: 4521: 4511: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4476: 4466: 4459: 4439: 4432: 4418: 4411: 4392: 4371:. Retrieved 4343:. Retrieved 4338: 4333:ဦးဟုတ်စိန်. 4328: 4316:. Retrieved 4311: 4306:ဦးဟုတ်စိန်. 4301: 4287: 4280: 4268:. Retrieved 4264:the original 4257: 4230:. Retrieved 4226:the original 4219: 4170:. Retrieved 4166:the original 4156: 4144:. Retrieved 4138: 4132: 4123: 4117: 3961: 3845: 3816: 3813:John Masters 3798:Burmese Days 3796: 3778:Mandalay Bay 3758: 3746: 3736: 3657:Mandalay is 3656: 3643: 3635: 3622: 3579: 3554:Yadanabon FC 3551: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3515: 3504: 3492: 3485: 3469: 3448:Yadanabon FC 3437: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3395:Myanmar Alin 3393: 3387: 3348: 3335:World War II 3328: 3290: 3225: 3185: 3068:Demographics 3057: 3049:pickup truck 3046:Nissan Sunny 3031: 3023: 2966: 2949: 2931: 2849: 2829: 2817: 2807:and to/from 2795: 2778: 2759:Maha Aungmye 2754:Chanmyathazi 2720: 2588: 2552: 2548: 2544: 1640:mm (inches) 1227: 1221: 1203: 1195: 1181: 1169: 1130: 1123: 1094: 1087:poured into 1070: 1058: 1051: 1044: 1027: 998:World War II 995: 979: 933: 882: 874: 851: 844: 837: 825: 808: 753: 743: 727: 725: 718: 708: 698: 674: 648:, replacing 643: 619: 529: 528: 469:Christianity 160:Zegyo Market 44: 36:Mandalay Bay 7138:Tanintharyi 6965:Thabeikkyin 6236:UC Berkeley 5938:(19): 6–7. 5589:24 December 5563:24 December 5532:Online via 5387:26 December 5356:26 December 5323:26 December 5257:unescap.org 5205:26 December 5124:23 February 5058:23 February 5000:23 February 4875:23 November 4345:15 February 4318:15 February 4232:25 December 4221:Japan Times 3733:Oley Speaks 3675:, Indonesia 3605:Health care 3530:real estate 3383:pop culture 3201:citizenship 3193:Han Chinese 3038:motorcycles 2867:Pyin U Lwin 2859:metre gauge 2769:Pyigyidagun 2545:Shwe Htidaw 1184:rain shadow 1089:Upper Burma 351:King Mindon 292: / 7415:Categories 7349:Mawlamyine 7113:Ayeyarwady 6955:Pyinoolwin 6406:(107 6316:25 October 6267:24 January 5485:12 January 5442:24 January 5270:12 January 5087:6 November 4905:25 January 4781:. Ithaca. 4707:25 January 4677:25 January 4651:25 January 4597:25 January 4109:References 3701:, Cambodia 3699:Phnom Penh 3609:See also: 3564:See also: 3355:TV Myanmar 3309:Pāli Canon 2953:metro rail 2869:(Maymyo), 2764:Patheingyi 2553:Seinhpudaw 2479:Source 1: 1852:Source 1: 1712:(≥ 1.0 mm) 1098:smart city 988:Troops of 905:Pitakataik 897:Thibaw Min 889:annexation 859:Pāli Canon 833:Mindon Min 744:Ratanapūra 728:Yadanarbon 658:annexation 486:Mandalayan 399:Population 357:Government 347:Founded by 280:96°05′04″E 277:21°58′59″N 146:From top: 7354:Myitkyina 7324:(capital) 7322:Naypyidaw 7211:Naypyidaw 6970:Sintgaing 6870:Amarapura 6453:Amarapura 6444:Mandalay 5944:2335-6677 5609:Irrawaddy 5032:8 October 4805:cite book 4797:904979076 4373:22 August 3872:Saw Maung 3809:" (1936). 3803:A Hanging 3782:Las Vegas 3560:Education 3413:Yadanabon 3371:Naypyidaw 3213:Yunnanese 3197:Yunnanese 3173:1,034,000 2981:Myitkyina 2945:Kyaukphyu 2923:Myitkyina 2775:Transport 2738:Amarapura 2619:Bodawpaya 2540:Amarapura 2500:Cityscape 1157:magnitude 1108:Geography 901:Supayalat 877:Amarapura 695:Etymology 689:Naypyidaw 650:Amarapura 621:manta.le: 509:Area code 492:Time zone 429:1,319,452 410:1,726,889 391:Elevation 7421:Mandalay 7390:Meiktila 7344:Taunggyi 7306:Mandalay 7174:Pa Laung 7128:Mandalay 7000:Yamethin 6980:Taungtha 6945:Nyaung-U 6920:Myingyan 6910:Meiktila 6905:Mandalay 6900:Mahlaing 6610:Mandalay 6509:Mandalay 6380:Archived 6371:Mandalay 5633:23 March 5413:21 March 4963:2 August 4849:11 April 4738:11 March 4172:10 April 4146:26 April 4061:See also 4017:Thingyan 3819:(1961).. 3773:in 2016. 3729:Mandalay 3520:and the 3495:tapestry 3359:Myawaddy 3285:Pakistan 3281:Peshawar 3219:(mostly 3034:bicycles 2609:arahants 2590:Tipiṭaka 2585:Nyaung-U 2384:Average 2335:(32.17) 2010:(102.0) 1985:(118.4) 1975:(101.3) 1970:(102.6) 1965:(110.1) 1960:(103.6) 1955:(106.9) 1950:(107.6) 1945:(113.0) 1940:(118.4) 1935:(109.0) 1930:(102.6) 1757:Average 1705:(35.21) 1636:Average 1376:(102.4) 1351:(118.4) 1341:(101.3) 1336:(102.6) 1331:(110.1) 1326:(104.9) 1321:(106.9) 1316:(107.6) 1311:(113.0) 1306:(118.4) 1301:(109.0) 1296:(102.6) 1126:Dry Zone 1037:and the 1014:Japanese 945:Dufferin 852:Thudamma 826:Thudamma 633:, after 530:Mandalay 497:UTC+6:30 472:Hinduism 369:Kyaw San 336:District 251:Mandalay 218:Mandalay 54:Mandalay 25:Mansalay 21:Malanday 7395:Taungoo 7375:Pathein 7133:Sagaing 7106:Regions 7081:Rakhine 6995:Wundwin 6960:Tagaung 6950:Pyawbwe 6940:Nganzun 6935:Natogyi 6930:Myittha 6925:Myitnge 6890:Kyaukse 6606:Capital 5993:228–229 5146:11 June 4930:11 June 4645:Reuters 3962:Hmannan 3936:in Inwa 3894:Gallery 3688:, China 3686:Kunming 3673:Cirebon 3659:twinned 3647:Bangkok 3474:Economy 3373:-based 3293:pagodas 3267:Culture 3235:English 3231:Chinese 3227:Burmese 3162:961,000 3151:810,000 3140:636,000 3129:499,000 3118:374,000 3107:250,000 3096:167,000 2996:Sagaing 2973:Tagaung 2937:Kunming 2919:Mogaung 2911:Mohnyin 2907:Kanbalu 2883:Pakokku 2809:Bangkok 2805:Kunming 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